| 单词 | polygenic |
| 例句 | That begins with accepting that polygenic obesity is a disease and not a matter of willpower. The obesity epidemic is fueled by biology, not lack of willpower 2023-07-27T04:00:00Z “It’s polygenic, there are lots of genes involved, we know you may have inherited certain genes but it doesn’t necessarily mean you will suffer.” Mental illness: is there really a global epidemic? 2019-06-03T04:00:00Z There are also significant uncertainties about what polygenic scores for intelligence are actually measuring and whether they would be meaningful when applied to genetically related embryos. IVF couples could be able to choose the ‘smartest’ embryo 2019-05-24T04:00:00Z “Any kind of implantation choice based on polygenic risk scores is inappropriate, and for intelligence completely inappropriate,” he added. IVF couples could be able to choose the ‘smartest’ embryo 2019-05-24T04:00:00Z For instance, there is some evidence linking higher polygenic scores for academic ability to higher likelihood of autism. IVF couples could be able to choose the ‘smartest’ embryo 2019-05-24T04:00:00Z He characterized polygenic scores as providing decisive insight into I.Q. that was “impervious to racism and other forms of prejudice.” Charles Murray Returns, Nodding to Caution but Still Courting Controversy 2020-02-12T05:00:00Z Information about how genomic variants are related to different traits helps researchers estimate polygenic risk scores and may give clues about a person's ability to respond safely to drug treatments. Previous genetic association studies involving people with European ancestry may be inaccurate 2023-11-07T05:00:00Z This is known as polygenic risk -- the combined influence of multiple genes on developing a certain trait or condition. When cells go boom: Study reveals inflammation-causing gene carried by millions 2023-10-02T04:00:00Z He has studied polygenic risk scores and has also been involved in trials for pharmaceutical companies that make cholesterol medicines. A New Genetic Test Takes Aim at Young Hearts 2023-05-30T04:00:00Z Most of the common diseases, such as heart disease, are multifactorial or polygenic, which refers to a phenotypic characteristic that is determined by two or more genes, and also environmental factors such as diet. Concepts of Biology 2013-04-25T00:00:00Z Adding up effects of dozens or hundreds of these markers yields “polygenic” scores that can be a powerful predictor of whether someone will develop, say, heart disease or diabetes. Panel urges caution in tying sexual orientation, education levels to genes 2023-04-25T04:00:00Z "We hope that by accounting for mixed ancestries in future genomic analyses, we can improve the predictive value of polygenic risk scores and facilitate genomic medicine." Previous genetic association studies involving people with European ancestry may be inaccurate 2023-11-07T05:00:00Z They then used “polygenic risk scores,” which examine the risk for diseases that may have a genetic contribution but can also have environmental causes. Beethoven’s DNA decoded from locks of hair saved by his fans 2023-03-22T04:00:00Z Others, while enthusiastic about the prospects for polygenic risk scores, say that doctors need to know more about how effective early intervention might be. A New Genetic Test Takes Aim at Young Hearts 2023-05-30T04:00:00Z Cases in which inheritance for a characteristic like skin color or human height depend on the combined effects of numerous genes are called polygenic inheritance. Concepts of Biology 2013-04-25T00:00:00Z But the predictions of a polygenic score are imperfect. A Field at a Crossroads: Genetics and Racial Mythmaking 2022-12-22T05:00:00Z Most of the common diseases, such as heart disease, are multi-factored or polygenic, which is a phenotypic characteristic that involves two or more genes, and also involve environmental factors such as diet. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z Traits controlled by two or more genes are said to be polygenic traits. Miller & Levine Biology 2018-01-01T00:00:00Z Even then, polygenic risk scores do not always provide answers. A New Genetic Test Takes Aim at Young Hearts 2023-05-30T04:00:00Z Then, MyOme applied those models to the embryos, crunching polygenic risk scores for 12 diseases, including breast cancer, coronary artery disease, and type 2 diabetes. Scientists say they can read nearly the whole genome of an IVF-created embryo 2022-03-21T04:00:00Z But polygenic scores tend to work best when they are applied to people who are genetically similar to the group that was studied in the original GWAS. A Field at a Crossroads: Genetics and Racial Mythmaking 2022-12-22T05:00:00Z But researchers are now developing polygenic risk scores that take the multifaceted origins of this complex disorder into account. Ranking the Risk of Heart Disease 2021-11-30T05:00:00Z When multiple genes control a trait, it is referred to as a polygenic trait. Miller & Levine Biology 2018-01-01T00:00:00Z But polygenic risk scores are not going away. A New Genetic Test Takes Aim at Young Hearts 2023-05-30T04:00:00Z In fact, many researchers say it’s premature to use polygenic risk scores to select which embryos are transferred. Scientists say they can read nearly the whole genome of an IVF-created embryo 2022-03-21T04:00:00Z But Lachance questions whether polygenic risk scores developed for modern people can predict inflammation for people in other places and times. How ancient farmers throttled their immune systems to survive 2021-09-06T04:00:00Z “We estimate a roughly 7% increase in the number of events prevented if you drop a polygenic score in alongside conventional risk factors,” says Inouye, one of the lead authors of the study. Ranking the Risk of Heart Disease 2021-11-30T05:00:00Z The influence of the environment is often important in polygenic traits. Miller & Levine Biology 2018-01-01T00:00:00Z This issue is complicated, especially in light of the fact that polygenic risk scores can generate predictions for more than just heart disease and cancer. A New Era of Designer Babies May Be Based on Overhyped Science 2021-07-12T04:00:00Z She’s involved in a large study called Women Informed to Screen Depending On Measures of risk that offers some women polygenic risk scores for breast cancer along with screening recommendations. Scientists say they can read nearly the whole genome of an IVF-created embryo 2022-03-21T04:00:00Z They calculated the cytokine levels ancient people would likely have produced and their polygenic risk scores for inflammation. How ancient farmers throttled their immune systems to survive 2021-09-06T04:00:00Z “It enables reproducible, open science and really helps support external validation of polygenic scores,” says Inouye. Ranking the Risk of Heart Disease 2021-11-30T05:00:00Z Examples of polygenic traits in humans include hair, eye, or skin color. Miller & Levine Biology 2018-01-01T00:00:00Z Orchid dismisses suggestions from detractors that its marketing oversells what polygenic risk scores have to offer in the context of screening embryos. A New Era of Designer Babies May Be Based on Overhyped Science 2021-07-12T04:00:00Z In another computer modeling paper, however, Carmi found certain disease polygenic risk scores in embryos may prove useful. Scientists say they can read nearly the whole genome of an IVF-created embryo 2022-03-21T04:00:00Z Population geneticist Luis Barreiro of the University of Chicago, agrees, saying the authors “don’t formally demonstrate the predictive value of these polygenic risk scores.” How ancient farmers throttled their immune systems to survive 2021-09-06T04:00:00Z But polygenic risk scores are also limited in their utility owing to the underlying ethnic and racial biases that continue to plague the field of genomics. Ranking the Risk of Heart Disease 2021-11-30T05:00:00Z Natural selection on polygenic traits can affect the relative fitness of phenotypes in directional selection, stabilizing selection, or disruptive selection. Miller & Levine Biology 2018-01-01T00:00:00Z Geneticists have greeted Orchid’s launch with skepticism, in large part because of objections to the company’s use of a technique called polygenic risk scores to assess an embryo’s lifetime risk of common diseases. A New Era of Designer Babies May Be Based on Overhyped Science 2021-07-12T04:00:00Z Gleicher worries about the unintended consequences of applying polygenic risk scores to embryos. Scientists say they can read nearly the whole genome of an IVF-created embryo 2022-03-21T04:00:00Z “We decided that media focus on this specific trait distracted from the other health benefits of polygenic testing,” Tellier said. A startup says it helps parents pick healthier embryos. Experts say it's not that simple 2021-05-26T04:00:00Z The operative measure these days is a “polygenic risk score,” which sums up the contributions of each gene variant to explain the variance in behaviors between people. Perspective | Criminal defendants still cite a ‘gene for violence.’ It doesn’t exist. 2021-03-18T04:00:00Z The team then calculated polygenic scores for the synthetic genomes to predict height or cognitive ability. Screening embryos for IQ and other complex traits is premature, study concludes 2019-10-24T04:00:00Z Researchers who work with polygenic risk scores are concerned about their use in this context. A New Era of Designer Babies May Be Based on Overhyped Science 2021-07-12T04:00:00Z For example, modeling suggests selecting an embryo with a high polygenic risk score for educational attainment could also increase its risk for bipolar disorder. Scientists say they can read nearly the whole genome of an IVF-created embryo 2022-03-21T04:00:00Z That work has generated the polygenic risk scores. A startup says it helps parents pick healthier embryos. Experts say it's not that simple 2021-05-26T04:00:00Z The team looked at previous studies to amass a list of 33 health and behavioural traits and the genetic variants that influence them, adding up the contribution of each variant to get a polygenic score. The promise and peril of the new science of social genomics 2019-10-20T04:00:00Z But such polygenic scores, for IQ as well as diseases, are sure to improve as researchers look at genetic markers in larger, more diverse groups of people. Screening embryos for IQ and other complex traits is premature, study concludes 2019-10-24T04:00:00Z The report concluded with recommendations on how to convey any purported benefits from polygenic scores in embryo selection responsibly—and the need to emphasize the underlying uncertainties in the data. A New Era of Designer Babies May Be Based on Overhyped Science 2021-07-12T04:00:00Z In December 2021, the European Society of Human Genetics urged against using polygenic risk scores for embryo selection—a position firmly endorsed by Gleicher, who calls such practice “unethical.” Scientists say they can read nearly the whole genome of an IVF-created embryo 2022-03-21T04:00:00Z But that hasn’t stopped Orchid and Genomic Prediction, which also calls itself LifeView, from moving ahead with applying polygenic risk scores to embryos. A startup says it helps parents pick healthier embryos. Experts say it's not that simple 2021-05-26T04:00:00Z One of the biggest sources of confusion is what a polygenic score actually shows about the contributions of nature and nurture, Benjamin says. The promise and peril of the new science of social genomics 2019-10-20T04:00:00Z An embryo screening test that uses a polygenic score to predict low IQ is likely to face the same limitations, says Joshi, who views such testing as unethical. Screening embryos for IQ and other complex traits is premature, study concludes 2019-10-24T04:00:00Z Current polygenic risk scores have limited predictive strength and reflect the shortcomings of genetic databases, which are overwhelmingly Eurocentric. A New Era of Designer Babies May Be Based on Overhyped Science 2021-07-12T04:00:00Z MyOme, meanwhile, is applying the methods from this latest study to another that’s ongoing, working with IVF clinics and couples who want to learn polygenic risk scores for their frozen embryos. Scientists say they can read nearly the whole genome of an IVF-created embryo 2022-03-21T04:00:00Z Still, the proposed bill would also apply to patenting complex methods of estimating a person’s risk for disease based on a combination of many genes—so-called polygenic risk scores. Controversial U.S. bill would lift Supreme Court ban on patenting human genes 2019-06-04T04:00:00Z Researchers could include children with similar polygenic scores in both the control and test groups when trialling an intervention, for instance. The promise and peril of the new science of social genomics 2019-10-20T04:00:00Z Carmi's embryo study comes on top of other problems with polygenic tests. Screening embryos for IQ and other complex traits is premature, study concludes 2019-10-24T04:00:00Z The report also called for the Federal Trade Commission to look carefully at claims made by any company using polygenic scoring to pick embryos. A New Era of Designer Babies May Be Based on Overhyped Science 2021-07-12T04:00:00Z Kumar says he’s well aware of the criticisms, including that polygenic risk scores may not even be accurate for embryos. Scientists say they can read nearly the whole genome of an IVF-created embryo 2022-03-21T04:00:00Z Appreciating this uncertainty is key because the uncertainty in polygenic scores leaves room for action. How Well Can a Genetic Test Predict Your Future Health? 2019-04-04T04:00:00Z Another disclaimer is that polygenic scores represent the ‘risk’ of having a particular trait, and don’t necessarily suggest that genetics is a major factor in behaviour. The promise and peril of the new science of social genomics 2019-10-20T04:00:00Z Some direct-to-consumer DNA testing companies have begun to give customers polygenic risk scores for diseases such as heart disease, breast cancer, and diabetes. Screening embryos for IQ and other complex traits is premature, study concludes 2019-10-24T04:00:00Z In reality, what they showed is that polygenic scores are so probabilistic that they probably aren't useful in predicting academic achievement scores for the purpose of making decisions that are important for individual people. In the Nature–Nurture War, Robert Plomin Is Fighting a Losing Battle 2019-01-20T05:00:00Z A U.S. company, Genomic Prediction, recently said it will offer embryo selection based on polygenic scores for intelligence. Is Our Future Really Written In Our Genes? 2019-01-07T05:00:00Z In our laboratory at the University of California, San Francisco, we are experimenting with and developing molecular pathway-specific polygenic scores. How Well Can a Genetic Test Predict Your Future Health? 2019-04-04T04:00:00Z Adding up the contributions made by all these spots on the genome gives researchers a measure of the importance of genetics to a trait, known as a polygenic score. The promise and peril of the new science of social genomics 2019-10-20T04:00:00Z Testing embryos, however, is hugely controversial, because of both the scientific limitations of such polygenic scores and the prospect of designer babies. Screening embryos for IQ and other complex traits is premature, study concludes 2019-10-24T04:00:00Z Yes, this graph does show that when you have a huge sample, you can get a statistically significant estimate of the average relationship between different bands of polygenic scores and academic achievement. In the Nature–Nurture War, Robert Plomin Is Fighting a Losing Battle 2019-01-20T05:00:00Z But, "If you're an American without European ancestry or an African or Asian, you're going to be poorly serviced by the new polygenic risk scores." Huge trove of British biodata is unlocking secrets of depression, sexual orientation, and more 2019-01-03T05:00:00Z In 2016, Chatterjee developed a model for breast cancer that incorporated both conventional risk factors and a polygenic score calculated from around 90 SNPs. Giant Leap for Gene-Based Testing Estimates Risk of Heart Disease, Breast Cancer and Others 2018-10-11T04:00:00Z Neither study produced a polygenic score, but researchers expect scores for these traits will emerge as sample sizes continue to grow. The promise and peril of the new science of social genomics 2019-10-20T04:00:00Z Whereas Kathiresan’s study focused mainly on genetic risk, others are looking at how the polygenic scores might complement existing measures of risk. The approach to predictive medicine that is taking genomics research by storm 2018-10-09T04:00:00Z This is the case, even though overall there is a general trend for polygenic scores to be correlated with academic achievement scores. In the Nature–Nurture War, Robert Plomin Is Fighting a Losing Battle 2019-01-20T05:00:00Z In the near term, the large sample sizes are boosting the power of "polygenic" risk scores, which calculate a person's disease risk by combining many genetic markers. Huge trove of British biodata is unlocking secrets of depression, sexual orientation, and more 2019-01-03T05:00:00Z A study on more than 1 million people published earlier this year developed a polygenic score that essentially correlates with how long people stay in education. Giant Leap for Gene-Based Testing Estimates Risk of Heart Disease, Breast Cancer and Others 2018-10-11T04:00:00Z Lande, R. Sexual dimorphism, sexual selection, and adaptation in polygenic characters. High male sexual investment as a driver of extinction in fossil ostracods 2018-04-10T04:00:00Z Even so, polygenic scores are racing to the clinic and are already being offered to consumers by at least one US company. The approach to predictive medicine that is taking genomics research by storm 2018-10-09T04:00:00Z Sklar was pivotal in pushing forward the idea that many such conditions are polygenic: they result from small effects in many genes, rather than just one or a few. Pamela Sklar (1959–2017) 2018-01-29T05:00:00Z “This was a nice first attempt to put some environmental context” on the polygenic variants associated with mental illness, says Tony Capra, an evolutionary geneticist at Vanderbilt University in Nashville, Tennessee. Geneticists are starting to unravel evolution's role in mental illness 2017-10-29T04:00:00Z And in what Vassy calls a “slightly more controversial result,” the team examined participants’ chances of developing eight polygenic diseases, conditions that are rarely attributed to a single genetic mutation. One in five “healthy” adults may carry disease-related genetic mutations 2017-06-26T04:00:00Z As such, intelligence is a classic polygenic human trait — just like many other cognitive and physical features, from mental disorders to height. Intelligence research should not be held back by its past 2017-05-21T04:00:00Z The paper has drawn praise from some researchers as a demonstration that polygenic risk scores could, in theory, be used in the clinic. The approach to predictive medicine that is taking genomics research by storm 2018-10-09T04:00:00Z It reported the first statistically robust evidence that inherited risk variants for schizophrenia were indeed polygenic; the results came from genome-wide association studies. Pamela Sklar (1959–2017) 2018-01-29T05:00:00Z The researchers found those with higher polygenic scores were more likely than those with lower scores to move away from home in search of career opportunities. Does DNA Determine Success in Life? 2016-06-08T04:00:00Z But Pritchard urges caution, noting that the evidence for the other polygenic traits is a little weaker than for height, and that the results need to be replicated. Scientists track last 2,000 years of British evolution 2016-05-16T04:00:00Z Most brain disorders are polygenic, with different combinations of gene mutations causing disease in individual patients, so identifying genes still fails to explain the majority of cases. Deep phenotyping: The details of disease : Nature : Nature Publishing Group 2015-11-03T05:00:00Z Meanwhile, personalized-medicine company Myriad Genetics in Salt Lake City, Utah, has already begun to include a polygenic risk score for breast cancer in the results it provides to some women. The approach to predictive medicine that is taking genomics research by storm 2018-10-09T04:00:00Z Critics posited that the lack of strong ‘acting’ variants suggested that the approach had missed important heritable factors, or that the polygenic patterns were artefacts. Pamela Sklar (1959–2017) 2018-01-29T05:00:00Z This link between higher polygenic scores and success was seen even in people born into families that were relatively poor. Does DNA Determine Success in Life? 2016-06-08T04:00:00Z Height is complicated to study over time because it is a polygenic trait, which means that many genes are involved in determining it. Scientists track last 2,000 years of British evolution 2016-05-16T04:00:00Z He wonders if students with high polygenic scores are more sociable, for example. Study: College Graduation May Be Partly Determined by Your Genes 2015-10-26T04:00:00Z One complaint about polygenic scores is that they throw out biology in favour of statistics. The approach to predictive medicine that is taking genomics research by storm 2018-10-09T04:00:00Z Several lines of evidence argue that risk of depression is highly polygenic, involving many hundreds of genes. Mental health: Depression needs large human-genetics studies 2014-11-11T05:00:00Z The researchers didn't find a link between polygenic scores and physical health. Does DNA Determine Success in Life? 2016-06-08T04:00:00Z Fixation of alternative alleles between species happens but is restricted to a minority of the many divergent loci, consistent with models of polygenic adaptation from standing genetic variation36. The genomic substrate for adaptive radiation in African cichlid fish : Nature : Nature Publishing Group 2014-09-02T04:00:00Z But in this paper, a table of polygenic scores by race is notably absent. Study: College Graduation May Be Partly Determined by Your Genes 2015-10-26T04:00:00Z The polygenic risk scores he has developed are part of a cutting-edge approach in the hunt for the genetic contributors to common diseases. The approach to predictive medicine that is taking genomics research by storm 2018-10-09T04:00:00Z This is consistent with the previously documented polygenic contribution to schizophrenia10, 11. Biological insights from 108 schizophrenia-associated genetic loci : Nature : Nature Publishing Group 2014-07-21T04:00:00Z While the findings suggest how genes may play a role in shaping peoples' lives, the links between polygenic scores and life success are small, the researchers emphasized. Does DNA Determine Success in Life? 2016-06-08T04:00:00Z None of these SNPs are fixed differences between species, suggesting polygenic adaptation. The genomic substrate for adaptive radiation in African cichlid fish : Nature : Nature Publishing Group 2014-09-02T04:00:00Z So risk of schizophrenia is polygenic, heterogeneous across individuals, and overlaps with risk of other disorders depending on the genetic background and exposure to environmental risk factors. Perspective: Revealing molecular secrets 2014-04-02T17:21:26.216Z A study on more than 1 million people published earlier this year developed a polygenic score that essentially correlates with how long people stay in education5. The approach to predictive medicine that is taking genomics research by storm 2018-10-09T04:00:00Z His group aims to develop a polygenic risk score for 85,000 of them, predicting each individual's likelihood of developing schizophrenia from their composition of common variants. Genetics: Unravelling complexity 2014-04-02T17:21:00.997Z Analysis of complex polygenic traits such as yield and nutrient use efficiency will also be accelerated, contributing to sustainable increases in wheat crop production. Analysis of the bread wheat genome using whole-genome shotgun sequencing 2012-11-28T18:21:17.300Z The data may also allow researchers to begin to identify sequence alterations occurring simultaneously in multiple genomic regions, which, when added together, drive phenotypic change — a process called polygenic adaptation. Genomics: ENCODE explained 2012-09-05T17:21:10.890Z Moreover, many loci that contribute to polygenic disorders including schizophrenia occur in non-coding parts of the genome, which are less well conserved in evolution than segments of DNA that encode proteins. Perspective: Revealing molecular secrets 2014-04-02T17:21:26.216Z Ripatti and his colleagues have given more than 7,000 individuals in Finland information about their likelihood of developing heart disease, based on both polygenic scores and conventional risk factors such as high blood pressure. The approach to predictive medicine that is taking genomics research by storm 2018-10-09T04:00:00Z Many disorders are polygenic, the complex result of the interactions of many genes, and single genes can be pleiotropic, affecting multiple characteristics of the individual organism! Migration from Earth: Human Evolution and Space Colonization 2012-06-15T20:15:00.223Z The best research available suggests that intelligence is polygenic – that is, there are lots and lots of genes that contribute to intelligence. Yes, You Can Make Yourself Smarter 2012-01-10T15:47:53Z Many common diseases, including diabetes and hypertension, are polygenic and their pathology follows multiple mechanisms. Modernization: One step at a time 2011-12-21T18:20:59.013Z According to a model for how polygenic risk factors operate, the products of allelic variants appear in key protein networks and biochemical pathways in cells and perturb their function, causing disease. Perspective: Revealing molecular secrets 2014-04-02T17:21:26.216Z Supporters say that polygenic scores could be the next great stride in genomic medicine, but the approach has generated considerable debate. The approach to predictive medicine that is taking genomics research by storm 2018-10-09T04:00:00Z Understanding how people will react to polygenic scores is a high priority for researchers. The approach to predictive medicine that is taking genomics research by storm 2018-10-09T04:00:00Z Among the results being returned to them are polygenic risk scores for type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease, says Lili Milani, a geneticist at the Estonian Genome Center at the University of Tartu, Estonia. The approach to predictive medicine that is taking genomics research by storm 2018-10-09T04:00:00Z |
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