| 单词 | pion |
| 例句 | Neutrinos can be formed when the high-energy radiation that makes up most cosmic rays interacts with matter, creating charged particles called pions, which produce neutrinos as they decay. In a First, Scientists See Neutrinos Emitted by the Milky Way 2023-06-29T04:00:00Z The positive pion can interfere with other positive pions caused by other atomic flybys. Scientists See Quantum Interference between Different Kinds of Particles for First Time 2023-01-11T05:00:00Z Protons and neutrons stick together by exchanging particles called pions, and a quantum mechanical effect favors nuclei with similar numbers of protons and neutrons. It may be possible to cram more neutrons into atomic nuclei than previously thought 2022-10-26T04:00:00Z So, in addition to the muon or electron, a collision will typically produce a spurt of other particles such as pions, kaons, protons, and neutrons. Showdown: Two huge neutrino detectors will vie to probe matter’s origins 2022-09-28T04:00:00Z The answer is that pions are exchanged but they have a substructure and, as we explore it, we find that the strong force is actually related to the indirectly observed but more fundamental gluons. College Physics for AP Courses 2015-08-12T00:00:00Z Most of the particles, including electrons, photons and short-lived pions, either break down or get scattered and absorbed by atmospheric gases. Physics Particles Fly as Practical Tools 2022-07-29T04:00:00Z The negative pion can interfere with other negative pions. Scientists See Quantum Interference between Different Kinds of Particles for First Time 2023-01-11T05:00:00Z Their collisions with gases make tiny particles named pions, which speedily decay into muons, subatomic blobs more than 200 times heavier than electrons. How Do You See Inside a Volcano? Try a Storm of Cosmic Particles. 2021-11-10T05:00:00Z This process produces pions, unstable composite particles that then decay into neutrinos and muons through weak force effects. Weird Muons May Point to New Particles and Forces of Nature 2021-09-14T04:00:00Z All mesons, such as the pions shown here, are composed of a quark-antiquark pair. College Physics for AP Courses 2015-08-12T00:00:00Z A beam of positive pions—lightweight particles made from an up quark and a down antiquark—decay into muons and muon neutrinos. Long-Awaited Muon Measurement Boosts Evidence for New Physics 2021-04-07T04:00:00Z But then things get weird: because the positive and negative pions are entangled, they also interfere with each other. Scientists See Quantum Interference between Different Kinds of Particles for First Time 2023-01-11T05:00:00Z Some of the energy released during this process leads to the creation of short-lived pion particles. Hidden Neutrino Particles May Be a Link to the Dark Sector 2020-07-09T04:00:00Z It is thus no small feat that the experimenters not only succeeded in replacing an electron in helium atoms with a pion, but also observed the resulting exotic atom undergo a quantum transition. Exotic helium atom lit up 2020-05-05T04:00:00Z The spins of the u and d quarks are antiparallel, enabling the pion to have spin zero, as observed experimentally. College Physics for AP Courses 2015-08-12T00:00:00Z Here, highly accelerated protons hit a dense graphite target, producing large quantities of particles known as pions and kaons. Matter–antimatter symmetry violated 2020-04-14T04:00:00Z By measuring the momentum of the pions, researchers can get a picture of the density of the thing the photon bounced off of—in this case, the subatomic particles making up the ion’s nucleus. Scientists See Quantum Interference between Different Kinds of Particles for First Time 2023-01-11T05:00:00Z While searching for a pion in cosmic rays, scientists discovered a different particle5, which is now called a muon. Detection of a strange particle 2019-11-03T04:00:00Z The authors fired laser light at the exotic atoms and thus observed the transition of the pion to a lower-energy orbit — a process that triggers the ejection of the remaining electron. Exotic helium atom lit up 2020-05-05T04:00:00Z A pion is exchanged and a force is transmitted. College Physics for AP Courses 2015-08-12T00:00:00Z Protons, neutrons and pions would have zero strangeness. Remembering Murray Gell-Mann 2019-06-06T04:00:00Z A pion consists of two smaller pieces: a quark, a building block of protons and neutrons, and an antiquark, the antimatter equivalent of a quark. An Experiment in Zurich Brings Us Nearer to a Black Hole’s Mysteries 2017-07-19T04:00:00Z Scientists concluded that these mesons must be the same particle, which is able to decay into two or three pions. Detection of a strange particle 2019-11-03T04:00:00Z This resulted in the ejection of the remaining electron, leaving a short-lived system consisting of just a pion bound to a helium nucleus. Exotic helium atom lit up 2020-05-05T04:00:00Z Figure 33.3 The strong nuclear force is transmitted between a proton and neutron by the creation and exchange of a pion. College Physics for AP Courses 2015-08-12T00:00:00Z Specifically, they looked for a telltale distribution of “daughter” particles, including other baryons as well as kaons and pions—exotic particles produced by the decay of short-lived Xi-cc++ particles. LHC Physicists Unveil a Charming New Particle 2017-07-07T04:00:00Z Usually, the laws of physics prohibit pions from falling apart in this way. An Experiment in Zurich Brings Us Nearer to a Black Hole’s Mysteries 2017-07-19T04:00:00Z It's the kaons and pions that the experimenters actually "see" with the HFT. Quirky Quarks Could Reveal Details of the Big Bang 2017-06-09T04:00:00Z Amongst the debris produced are large numbers of short-lived particles called pions, which produce muons when they decay. First beam for an important new physics experiment 2017-06-04T04:00:00Z The pion is created through a temporary violation of conservation of mass-energy and travels from the proton to the neutron and is recaptured. College Physics for AP Courses 2015-08-12T00:00:00Z The CMS detector has no capability to discriminate between charged hadron species, pions, kaons, or protons, that is effective at the typical particle momenta in this analysis. Observation of the rare Bs0 →µ+µ− decay from the combined analysis of CMS and LHCb data : Nature : Nature Publishing Group 2015-05-12T04:00:00Z Usually, in the decay of pions, the number of clockwise particles would exactly equal the number of counterclockwise particles. An Experiment in Zurich Brings Us Nearer to a Black Hole’s Mysteries 2017-07-19T04:00:00Z The D-zeros travel for a fraction of a millimeter before they decay and become two other particles: kaons and pions. Quirky Quarks Could Reveal Details of the Big Bang 2017-06-09T04:00:00Z First the pions, then the muons are steered and focussed by magnets. First beam for an important new physics experiment 2017-06-04T04:00:00Z The range of the force is limited by the fact that the pion can only exist for the short time allowed by the Heisenberg uncertainty principle. College Physics for AP Courses 2015-08-12T00:00:00Z Its detectors are designed to reconstruct efficiently a wide range of b-hadron decays, resulting in charged pions and kaons, protons, muons, electrons, and photons in the final state. Observation of the rare Bs0 →µ+µ− decay from the combined analysis of CMS and LHCb data : Nature : Nature Publishing Group 2015-05-12T04:00:00Z The initial particle in the experiment was the kaon; it decayed into pions. Val Logsdon Fitch, physics pioneer and Nobel laureate, dies at 91 2015-02-08T05:00:00Z The resulting proton beam would then be fired at a carbon and copper target to generate particles called pions, some of which decay into antineutrinos. Cyclotrons come full circle 2013-07-24T17:20:22.913Z When the high-speed proton collides with their low-speed cousins in the interstellar medium, their interaction often spawns an elementary particle called a neutral pion. Source of High-Energy Cosmic Rays Nailed at Last 2013-02-14T19:35:00Z Yukawa used the finite range of the strong nuclear force to estimate the mass of the pion; the shorter the range, the larger the mass of the carrier particle. College Physics for AP Courses 2015-08-12T00:00:00Z Particle identification algorithms are used to minimize the probability that pions and kaons are misidentified as muons, and thus suppress these background sources. Observation of the rare Bs0 →µ+µ− decay from the combined analysis of CMS and LHCb data : Nature : Nature Publishing Group 2015-05-12T04:00:00Z Those pions decay quickly into the gamma rays that the scientists tracked. Scientists Confirm Cosmic Rays Come From Exploding Stars 2013-02-14T19:00:27Z In the Fermilab experiment, the physicists fired a proton beam into a carbon target to produce a shower of particles called pions and kaons that quickly decay into neutrinos. Message Encoded in Neutrino Beam Transmitted through Solid Rock 2012-03-16T13:45:00.210Z The pion decays almost immediately into two gamma rays—the neutral messengers that show high-energy protons are present. Source of High-Energy Cosmic Rays Nailed at Last 2013-02-14T19:35:00Z Specifically for the strong nuclear force, Yukawa proposed that a previously unknown particle, now called a pion, is exchanged between nucleons, transmitting the force between them. College Physics for AP Courses 2015-08-12T00:00:00Z When a D0-meson decays, it produces daughter particles called pions and kaons. Antimatter: Violating the rules 2012-03-07T16:41:05Z To make this discovery, the researchers sifted through four years of data tracking gamma-rays that were created by pions. Scientists Confirm Cosmic Rays Come From Exploding Stars 2013-02-14T19:00:27Z But that would be impossible if high-energy pions decayed into faster-than-light neutrinos. New Evidence Casts Doubt On Faster-Than-Light Neutrinos 2011-12-29T01:20:53Z But some ill-paid pion must be bribed to allow the key to be "lifted" from the inside of his door. A Tatter of Scarlet Adventurous Episodes of the Commune in the Midi 1871 2011-08-04T02:00:19.957Z Figure 33.3 illustrates how a pion would carry a force between a proton and a neutron. College Physics for AP Courses 2015-08-12T00:00:00Z These air showers include a variety of elementary particles, including pions, gamma rays, and muons, the latter of which are most likely to survive to be detected at the surface. Paris: City of Light and Cosmic Rays 2011-07-04T14:15:00.943Z Eventually, a liberated antimatter atom would then drift into the electrodes, annihilating on contact with ordinary matter to produce a telltale spray of particles called pions. Antiatoms, All Out of Energy and Ready for Work 2011-06-05T18:00:00Z The pions were then pulled magnetically through a tunnel, and during the course of that flight, they decayed into muons and neutrinos. New Evidence Casts Doubt On Faster-Than-Light Neutrinos 2011-12-29T01:20:53Z For it was not known to any of us, not even to the pions, that a single feminine foot profaned any part of the lyc�e. A Tatter of Scarlet Adventurous Episodes of the Commune in the Midi 1871 2011-08-04T02:00:19.957Z The pion has mass and can only be created by violating the conservation of mass-energy. College Physics for AP Courses 2015-08-12T00:00:00Z It is quite probable that the pion will be suppressed before long, and cricket, football, and other manly and health-giving games are beginning to take the place of the old man's stroll under supervision. France 2011-03-27T02:00:11.847Z In reality, each boy is an unpaid pion, a watchdog whose vigilance never relaxes. The Secret Glory 2011-03-22T02:00:17.863Z “What’s more,” he says, “these difficulties would only increase as the pion energy increases.” New Evidence Casts Doubt On Faster-Than-Light Neutrinos 2011-12-29T01:20:53Z The pariah pion or outcast usher, a most unhappy out-at-elbows youth, was expected to keep us all under his eye, but we saw to it early that that eye passed leniently over Deventer and myself. A Tatter of Scarlet Adventurous Episodes of the Commune in the Midi 1871 2011-08-04T02:00:19.957Z The pion must then be captured and, thus, cannot be directly observed because that would amount to a permanent violation of mass-energy conservation. College Physics for AP Courses 2015-08-12T00:00:00Z Here, as in the class-room, the boys are perpetually under the eyes of the pion, whose duties are restricted entirely to the maintenance of order. France 2011-03-27T02:00:11.847Z The experiments, smashing protons into each other, produced a few more subatomic particles known as pions and kaons than the team was expecting. 2010-02-09T11:04:00Z A�pion, a Greek grammarian, born in Egypt, lived in the reigns of Tiberius, Caligula, and Claudius, A.D. 15-54, and went to Rome to teach grammar and rhetoric. The New Gresham Encyclopedia. Vol. 1 Part 2 Amiel to Atrauli We could see the dim light of the pions' watch-candles under the doors. A Tatter of Scarlet Adventurous Episodes of the Commune in the Midi 1871 2011-08-04T02:00:19.957Z Realizing all this, Yukawa used the information on the range of the strong nuclear force to estimate the mass of the pion, the particle that carries it. College Physics for AP Courses 2015-08-12T00:00:00Z N.B.—The accent is always on the last syllable in French Latin—and pion means an usher. The Martian The pawn at chess is Fr. pion, a pawn, formerly also a foot-soldier, used contemptuously in modern French for a junior assistant master. The Romance of Words (4th ed.) When he was sixteen he secured a place as pion in a boarding school in the Cévennes,—pion is a poor devil of a youth hired to keep watch on the boys. The Nabob, Volume 1 There were about forty of us, professors, pions, and seniors, to whom rifles could be served. A Tatter of Scarlet Adventurous Episodes of the Commune in the Midi 1871 2011-08-04T02:00:19.957Z First, we must calculate the time Δt that the pion exists, given that the distance it travels at nearly the speed of light is about 1 fermi. College Physics for AP Courses 2015-08-12T00:00:00Z And yet, in private life, this bloodthirsty pion was a quite gentle, kindly, underfed, underpaid, shabby, struggling fellow, with literary aspirations, who would not have hurt a fly. Grey Roses A`pion, an Alexandrian grammarian of the 1st century, and an enemy of the Jews, and hostile to the privileges conceded them in Alexandria. The Nuttall Encyclopædia Being a Concise and Comprehensive Dictionary of General Knowledge I knew them all, and the two pions, or ushers, M. Lartigue and le petit Cazal; but no longer cared for them or found them amusing or interesting in the least. Peter Ibbetson A more degraded and degrading life than that of the wretched pion, it is impossible to imagine. Adventures Among Books Then, the Heisenberg uncertainty principle can be solved for the energy ΔE , and from that the mass of the pion can be determined. College Physics for AP Courses 2015-08-12T00:00:00Z In 1947, pions were observed in cosmic-ray experiments, which were designed to supply a small flux of high-energy protons that may collide with nuclei. College Physics for AP Courses 2015-08-12T00:00:00Z Soon afterward, accelerators of sufficient energy were creating pions in the laboratory under controlled conditions. College Physics for AP Courses 2015-08-12T00:00:00Z The pions, or π -mesons as they are also called, have masses close to those predicted and feel the strong nuclear force. College Physics for AP Courses 2015-08-12T00:00:00Z Figure 33.4 The first image shows the exchange of a virtual photon transmitting the electromagnetic force between charges, just as virtual pion exchange carries the strong nuclear force between nucleons. College Physics for AP Courses 2015-08-12T00:00:00Z But how can we verify his proposal if we cannot observe the virtual pion directly? College Physics for AP Courses 2015-08-12T00:00:00Z Figure 33.6 is a Feynman diagram for the exchange of a virtual pion between a proton and a neutron representing the same interaction as in Figure 33.3. College Physics for AP Courses 2015-08-12T00:00:00Z In 1935, Yukawa predicted pions as the carriers of the strong nuclear force, and they were eventually discovered. College Physics for AP Courses 2015-08-12T00:00:00Z The proton, neutron, and the pions are examples of hadrons. College Physics for AP Courses 2015-08-12T00:00:00Z For example, pions feel the strong force and do not penetrate as far in matter as do muons, which do not feel the strong force. College Physics for AP Courses 2015-08-12T00:00:00Z If sufficient energy is in a nucleus, it would be possible to free the pion—that is, to create its mass from external energy input. College Physics for AP Courses 2015-08-12T00:00:00Z Such “meson factories” have been used for many years to study the interaction of pions with nuclei and, hence, the strong nuclear force. College Physics for AP Courses 2015-08-12T00:00:00Z |
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