| 单词 | phagocytosis |
| 例句 | Bacteria smaller than 0.5 microns in size are trapped by choanocytes, which are the principal cells engaged in nutrition, and are ingested by phagocytosis. Fundamentals of Biology 2015-01-01T00:00:00Z Endocytosis methods require the direct use of ATP to fuel the transport of large particles such as macromolecules; parts of cells or whole cells can be engulfed by other cells in a process called phagocytosis. Concepts of Biology 2013-04-25T00:00:00Z In preparation for phagocytosis, a portion of the inward-facing surface of the plasma membrane becomes coated with a protein called clathrin, which stabilizes this section of the membrane. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z White blood cells use phagocytosis to destroy damaged or foreign cells. Miller & Levine Biology 2018-01-01T00:00:00Z Many immune cells engage in phagocytosis of invading pathogens. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z Digestion is extracellular, with digested materials taken in to the cells of the gut lining by phagocytosis. Fundamentals of Biology 2015-01-01T00:00:00Z In phagocytosis, a portion of the membrane invaginates and flows around the particle, eventually pinching off and leaving the particle wholly enclosed by an envelope of plasma membrane. Concepts of Biology 2013-04-25T00:00:00Z Both macrophages and dendritic cells engulf pathogens and cellular debris through phagocytosis. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z In addition, Yang also found gene-expression changes in microglia, which clean up waste and eat dead cells in a process called phagocytosis. COVID Can Cause Forgetfulness, Psychosis, Mania or a Stutter 2021-01-21T05:00:00Z Opsonization is the tagging of a pathogen for phagocytosis by the binding of an antibody or an antimicrobial protein. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z Complement system responses include inflammation, phagocytosis from white blood cells attracted to the area, and attacking non-self cells. Fundamentals of Biology 2015-01-01T00:00:00Z Their attack can kill pathogens directly or they can secrete antibodies that enhance the phagocytosis of pathogens and disrupt the infection. Concepts of Biology 2013-04-25T00:00:00Z Neutrophils and macrophages also consume invading bacteria by phagocytosis. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z The volunteers produced a range of antibodies that bound specifically to different HIV strains, and the researchers saw clear evidence of phagocytosis, in which immune cells surround and digest cells infected with the HIV virus. Research round-up: Vaccines 2019-11-26T05:00:00Z Macrophages stimulate T cells to release cytokines that enhance phagocytosis. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z The structure of a choanocyte is critical to its function, which is to generate a water current through the sponge and to trap and ingest food particles by phagocytosis. Fundamentals of Biology 2015-01-01T00:00:00Z Phagocytic cells, such as those already described, are attracted by the antigen-antibody complexes, and phagocytosis is enhanced when the complexes are present. Concepts of Biology 2013-04-25T00:00:00Z After phagocytosis by APCs, the phagocytic vesicle fuses with an intracellular lysosome forming phagolysosome. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z First, they measured phagocytosis of synaptic material in mice genetically engineered to lack CD47. A ‘don’t eat me’ immune signal protects neuronal connections 2018-10-28T04:00:00Z They release chemicals from their granules that destroy pathogens; they are also capable of phagocytosis. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z But in another, they clear away debris such as amyloid-β through a process called phagocytosis. The amyloid hypothesis on trial 2018-07-24T04:00:00Z Using a combination of cellular and molecular responses, the innate immune system identifies the nature of a pathogen and responds with inflammation, phagocytosis, cytokine release, destruction by NK cells, or the complement system. Concepts of Biology 2013-04-25T00:00:00Z When antibodies bind antigens, they can neutralize pathogens, mark them for phagocytosis, or activate the complement cascade. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z The researchers demonstrated that microglial tolerance led to enhancer and gene-expression changes associated with a process called phagocytosis, by which microglia ingest material to be broken down. Immune memory in the brain 2018-04-10T04:00:00Z Eosinophils are also capable of phagocytosis and are particularly effective when antibodies bind to the target and form an antigen-antibody complex. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z The basis for the inconsistent induction of microglial phagocytosis by nuclear receptor agonists is unclear but appears to vary as a function of age, genotype, diet, drug administration schedules, and other unknown variables. [Technical Response] Response to Comments on “ApoE-Directed Therapeutics Rapidly Clear β-Amyloid and Reverse Deficits in AD Mouse Models” 2013-05-23T18:26:03.153Z These include the inflammatory response, phagocytosis, natural killer cells, and the complement system. Concepts of Biology 2013-04-25T00:00:00Z Using a combination of cellular and molecular attacks, the innate immune system identifies the nature of a pathogen and responds with inflammation, phagocytosis, cytokine release, destruction by NK cells, and/or a complement system. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z This process, called phagocytosis, was first described over one hundred years ago by Mechnikov who won the Nobel Prize for Medicine in 1908. Killer skills of a neutrophil 2012-09-17T13:15:00.210Z This brings the phagocyte and bacterium into close proximity and enhances the phagocytosis of the bacterium by the process known as opsonization. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z Hence the opinion arose that histolysis is a process of phagocytosis. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 13, Slice 4 "Hero" to "Hindu Chronology" 2012-04-04T02:00:56.447Z When a pathogen is detected, these APCs will engulf and break it down through phagocytosis. Concepts of Biology 2013-04-25T00:00:00Z Antibodies bind antigens via variable domains and can either neutralize pathogens or mark them for phagocytosis or activate the complement cascade. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z It also appears to enhance another cleanup process, called phagocytosis. Alzheimer's Disease Symptoms Reversed in Mice 2012-02-09T19:45:00.207Z This opsonin of normal serum is very labile, being rapidly destroyed at 55� C.; that is, a serum heated at this temperature has practically no greater effect in aiding phagocytosis than normal salt solution has. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 3, Part 1, Slice 2 "Baconthorpe" to "Bankruptcy" It has, moreover, been noticed that even in cases where phagocytosis exists a greater or less extent of degeneration of the tissue may be observed before phagocytosis occurs. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 13, Slice 4 "Hero" to "Hindu Chronology" 2012-04-04T02:00:56.447Z Digestion is extracellular, with enzymes secreted into the space by cells lining the tract, and digested materials taken into the same cells by phagocytosis. Concepts of Biology 2013-04-25T00:00:00Z Natural killer cells kill foreign cells through the processes of lysis and proteolysis, whereas macrophages kill foreign cells by phagocytosis. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z This destruction of bacteria, and other noxious organisms, has the biological name of phagocytosis.” Alcohol: A Dangerous and Unnecessary Medicine, How and Why What Medical Writers Say The behaviour of certain cells, especially leucocytes, in infective conditions led Metchnikoff to place great importance on phagocytosis. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 3, Part 1, Slice 2 "Baconthorpe" to "Bankruptcy" Stronger lotions are to be avoided as being likely to depress the tissues, and so interfere with protective phagocytosis. Manual of Surgery Volume First: General Surgery. Sixth Edition. Figure 13.14 The stages of phagocytosis include the engulfment of a food particle, the digestion of the particle using hydrolytic enzymes contained within a lysosome, and the expulsion of undigested material from the cell. Concepts of Biology 2013-04-25T00:00:00Z When salmonella bacteria are engulfed by a white blood cell during phagocytosis, it secretes a protein that prevents the fusion of the encased bacteria with the lysosome of the cell. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z Such natural immunity seemed to be unconnected with defence by phagocytosis, for the leucocytes of the animal might or might not have phagocytic reaction to the particular organisms to which the animal was immune. Disease and Its Causes If either of these is wanting or interfered with, phagocytosis will necessarily fail as a means of defence. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 3, Part 1, Slice 2 "Baconthorpe" to "Bankruptcy" This idea gave rise to the theory of phagocytosis, and the corpuscles were consequently named phagocytes. The Story of Germ Life Macrophages follow neutrophils and take over the phagocytosis function and are involved in the resolution of an inflamed site, cleaning up cell debris and pathogens. Concepts of Biology 2013-04-25T00:00:00Z It brings substances into the cell, while phagocytosis removes substances. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z It was also seen that recovery from infection in certain diseases was unconnected with phagocytosis. Disease and Its Causes Metchnikoff showed that in animals immune to a given organism phagocytosis is present, whereas in susceptible animals it is deficient or absent. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 3, Part 1, Slice 2 "Baconthorpe" to "Bankruptcy" Large particles, such as macromolecules, parts of cells, or whole cells, can be engulfed by other cells in a process called phagocytosis. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z After phagocytosis by a macrophage, the phagocytic vesicle fuses with an intracellular lysosome. Concepts of Biology 2013-04-25T00:00:00Z Opsonin stabilizes the inward facing surface of the plasma membrane, which engulfs the antigen, whereas clathrin marks the antigen for phagocytosis by neutrophils. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z So far it has been shown that the best defence of the body is, as is the best defence in war, by offensive measures, as illustrated by phagocytosis and destruction by the serum. Disease and Its Causes In the light of all the facts, however, especially those with regard to anti-bacterial sera, the presence of phagocytosis cannot be regarded as the essence of immunity, but rather the evidence of its existence. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 3, Part 1, Slice 2 "Baconthorpe" to "Bankruptcy" In phagocytosis, a portion of the membrane invaginates and flows around the particle, eventually pinching off and leaving the particle entirely enclosed by an envelope of plasma membrane. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z Opsonin marks the antigen for phagocytosis by neutrophils, whereas clathrin stabilizes the inward facing surface of the plasma membrane, which engulfs the antigen. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z However, sometimes large particles, such as macromolecules, parts of cells, or even unicellular microorganisms, can be engulfed by other cells in a process called phagocytosis or “cell eating.” Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z Large numbers of leucocytes which give protection by phagocytosis are constantly passing to the surface, and there is also a constant stream of fluid towards the surface. Disease and Its Causes It was even denied by some that phagocytosis of living bacteria took place, and that all those included in the cells were dead, having been destroyed in the first instance by the serum. Disease and Its Causes |
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