英语词汇“Avesta”造句的方法、技巧、例句及翻译-英语例句辞典

Avesta Rastan, 25, is a visual science communicator currently living in California. International Women's Day: Illustrating the Covid-19 pandemic 2021-03-04T05:00:00Z

A statement from Avesta says their staff is saddened by the death one of their residents, adding that no one else was injured in the fire. 1 person dead after fire at apartment complex in Florida 2018-03-28T04:00:00Z

Avesta says most of the 82 apartments would be reserved for low-income residents. Developer proposes affordable housing complex in Portland 2017-08-09T04:00:00Z

Avesta Housing released data about housing demand on Wednesday. Affordable housing provider says requests rose in Maine, NH 2017-02-01T05:00:00Z

As an expression of the Iranian mind we have the Avesta and the Pehlevi theological literature. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 13, Slice 2 "Hearing" to "Helmond" 2012-04-25T02:00:53.567Z

The existence of this base is further vouched for by its occurrence in the Iranian language of the Avesta under the form ava-. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 13, Slice 4 "Hero" to "Hindu Chronology" 2012-04-04T02:00:56.447Z

The Hindoos have the Vedas and many others, the Persians the Zend Avesta—the Egyptians had the Book of the Dead—the Aztecs the Popol Vuh, and the Mohammedans have the Koran. The Works of Robert G. Ingersoll, Vol. 2 (of 12) Dresden Edition?Lectures 2012-02-11T03:03:51.557Z

Avesta lost 6.4 percent in 2011, according to an investor in the fund who asked not to be named because the information is private. Avesta Capital Returns Investor Money as Tung Moves to Moore 2012-01-13T02:55:10Z

The report says the number of households moving into an Avesta apartment remained essentially unchanged as demand rose. Affordable housing provider says requests rose in Maine, NH 2017-02-01T05:00:00Z

And even if we could date the Avesta securely, we could only prove borrowing by more or less close coincidences of idea, a tempting but uncertain method of inquiry. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 13, Slice 2 "Hearing" to "Helmond" 2012-04-25T02:00:53.567Z

The base of the second pronoun is the same as the base of the first syllable in the Skr. ē-ṣas, this, and other connected pronouns, and also occurs in the Avesta. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 13, Slice 4 "Hero" to "Hindu Chronology" 2012-04-04T02:00:56.447Z

In the Avesta I find this: "I belong to five: to those who think good, to those who speak good, to those who do good, to those who hear, and to those who are pure." The Works of Robert G. Ingersoll, Vol. 2 (of 12) Dresden Edition?Lectures 2012-02-11T03:03:51.557Z

Avesta will return most of the capital to investors by the end of February. Avesta Capital Returns Investor Money as Tung Moves to Moore 2012-01-13T02:55:10Z

Avesta president Dana Totman says the rise in requests is “concerning” because the provider is expecting budget cuts at the federal level. Affordable housing provider says requests rose in Maine, NH 2017-02-01T05:00:00Z

Conceptions and ideas of this kind, expressed almost in the same words, have met us frequently in the Avesta. The History of Antiquity Vol. VI. (vol. VI. of VI.) 2011-12-15T03:00:18.317Z

In the Avesta the god Haoma says, Vivanghana was the first who crushed out the juice of the Haoma. The History of Antiquity Vol. V. 2011-12-06T03:00:24.110Z

If our reasoning is sound, we cannot, I think, regard the Avesta as a trustworthy exposition of the ancient teaching of Zoroaster. Ancient Faiths And Modern A Dissertation upon Worships, Legends and Divinities 2011-11-24T03:00:37.917Z

The name Vesta was synonymous with the Chaldean and Persian Avesta and hence Zoroaster gave to his book on the worship of fire, the name of Avesta or Abesta, i.e., the custody of fire. Fishes, Flowers, and Fire as Elements and Deities in the Phallic Faiths and Worship of the Ancient Religions of Greece, Babylon, 2011-10-13T02:00:41.150Z

These are to be found in two of the oldest Aryan literary monuments extant, the Rigveda of India and the Avesta of Iran. The Literature of Ecstasy 2011-02-16T03:00:39.843Z

Pre-eminent services were rewarded by the title "Benefactor"; we remember that the Avesta requires the good thought, the good word, and the good act. The History of Antiquity Vol. VI. (vol. VI. of VI.) 2011-12-15T03:00:18.317Z

In an invocation in the Avesta we are told that the bright gleaming majesty in the form of the bird Varaghna had passed from Yima when he began to love lying speech. The History of Antiquity Vol. V. 2011-12-06T03:00:24.110Z

Nowhere in the Avesta do we discover such immoral notions of God as prevailed amongst the ancient Jewish writers. Ancient Faiths And Modern A Dissertation upon Worships, Legends and Divinities 2011-11-24T03:00:37.917Z

In the Zend Avesta, as Professor Theodores ... informs me, the scale of rewards to be paid to physicians is carefully stated, and in every case the fee consists in some sort of cattle. Readings in Money and Banking Selected and Adapted 2011-02-01T03:00:14.553Z

When we come to the Avesta of the Iranians who left India and wrote their work in a language that is almost Sanskrit, we find more liberty as regards the metres. The Literature of Ecstasy 2011-02-16T03:00:39.843Z

He was to take measures for the advancement of cultivation and the increase of the population in his province, both as fullfilling the rules of the Avesta, and in the interest of the kingdom. The History of Antiquity Vol. VI. (vol. VI. of VI.) 2011-12-15T03:00:18.317Z

Is there any reason to doubt the Avesta that even before the Medes and Cyrus the princes of Bactria and Sogdiana were occupied with beating back the tribes of the steppes? The History of Antiquity Vol. V. 2011-12-06T03:00:24.110Z

Our knowledge respecting the Magian religion which the Bactrian* prophet founded, is built, with the exception of the notices in Greek and Latin authors, already quoted, upon the work known as the Avesta. Ancient Faiths And Modern A Dissertation upon Worships, Legends and Divinities 2011-11-24T03:00:37.917Z

In the Avesta, airya- is found both as adjective and substantive in the sense of Aryan, but no light is thrown upon the history of the word. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 2, Slice 7 "Arundel, Thomas" to "Athens"

In the Avestas, the sacred books of the religion of Iran, which, however late their redaction, still enshrine a very ancient creed, Mithra has the same well-defined personality. Roman Society from Nero to Marcus Aurelius

The Parsis use the name “Avesta and Zend,” taking Avesta in the sense of text, and Zend as the title of the Pehlevi commentary. Lectures on The Science of Language

This question cannot be set aside, because even under the Sassanids, in spite of their zeal for the Avesta and for Iran, these elements were not unknown. The History of Antiquity Vol. V. 2011-12-06T03:00:24.110Z

There is not absolute identity, however, for those which are spoken of as good by the Vedas are treated as bad in the Avesta. Ancient Faiths And Modern A Dissertation upon Worships, Legends and Divinities 2011-11-24T03:00:37.917Z

In the Avesta the derivative airyana- is also found in the sense of Aryan. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 2, Slice 7 "Arundel, Thomas" to "Athens"

In the more ethical religion of the Avesta the creator is more clearly distinguished from the creature: “I desire to approach Ahura and Mithra with my praise, the lofty eternal, and the holy two.” Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 7, Slice 6 "Coucy-le-Château" to "Crocodile"

According to the Zend Avesta, Ormuzd, the first-born of the Eternal One, is he "who is, always has been, and who will be forever." Bible Myths and their Parallels in other Religions Being a Comparison of the Old and New Testament Myths and Miracles with those of the Heathen Nations of Antiquity Considering also their Origin and Meaning

His son was Kava Huçrava, "the brave uniter of the Arian lands into one kingdom," as the Avesta tells us, which then goes on to relate that he was without sickness or death. The History of Antiquity Vol. V. 2011-12-06T03:00:24.110Z

It is also asserted that many words in the Avesta have been borrowed from the Arabic, and others from the Sanscrit tongues, possibly, also, from the Greek. Ancient Faiths And Modern A Dissertation upon Worships, Legends and Divinities 2011-11-24T03:00:37.917Z

I began to see now that the same argument might be applied with equal force to the Vedas, the Zend Avesta, or the Koran. From Bondage to Liberty in Religion A Spiritual Autobiography

They welcomed it with cries which the Veda preserves, which the Avesta retains and the Eddas repeat. The Lords of the Ghostland A History of the Ideal

Avesta, two or three bulky volumes on the, iv. Chips from a German Workshop - Volume IV Essays chiefly on the Science of Language

Zartusht," he says, "gave the Parsees the book which is called the Avesta. The History of Antiquity Vol. V. 2011-12-06T03:00:24.110Z

If, therefore, we allow that there is some of the old Zoroastrian doctrine to be found in the Avesta, we must equally grant that such teaching has been modified by hatred of a rival faith. Ancient Faiths And Modern A Dissertation upon Worships, Legends and Divinities 2011-11-24T03:00:37.917Z

The Pentateuch, the Avesta, the Laws of Manu, the Twelve Tables, the Laws of Seleucus, all carry the endorsement, “And God said.” The Religious Sentiment Its Source and Aim: A Contribution to the Science and Philosophy of Religion

Probably it was first employed to designate an imaginary prophet, and then a series of spiritual though actual successors by whom, in the course of centuries, the Avesta was evolved. The Lords of the Ghostland A History of the Ideal

They believed undoubtedly in many gods; in those parts of the Avesta which come next to the hymns in time, polytheism is in full force. History of Religion A Sketch of Primitive Religious Beliefs and Practices, and of the Origin and Character of the Great Systems

But the genealogy in which the Avesta has preserved these names has no greater claims to historical value than the figures which have passed in review before us. The History of Antiquity Vol. V. 2011-12-06T03:00:24.110Z

In my estimation, the Bible is not in any way superior to the Koran, to the Dhammapada, the Puranas, the Main-yo-Khard, the Avesta, or any other collection of scriptures held sacred. Ancient Faiths And Modern A Dissertation upon Worships, Legends and Divinities 2011-11-24T03:00:37.917Z

It was, doubtless, her popularity that led to her official recognition by Artaxerxes; possibly her formal recognition by the Mazdean leaders was a slow process, since she does not appear in the older Avesta. Introduction to the History of Religions Handbooks on the History of Religions, Volume IV

Originally it occurred in the course of a conversation that the Avesta reports. The Lords of the Ghostland A History of the Ideal

The Avesta, which is written in the older Zend, the sacred language of Persia, is, like other Bibles, a collection of books written in different ages, and even, it may be, in different lands. History of Religion A Sketch of Primitive Religious Beliefs and Practices, and of the Origin and Character of the Great Systems

Yet the style and form in which we find these traditional statements in the fragments of the Avesta supply certain guides for the lost history of Eastern Iran. The History of Antiquity Vol. V. 2011-12-06T03:00:24.110Z

He relies to a considerable extent upon the work known as the "Zend Avesta," and supposed to represent the tenets of Zoroaster and his followers. Ancient Faiths And Modern A Dissertation upon Worships, Legends and Divinities 2011-11-24T03:00:37.917Z

Though doomed to final defeat, as Ahriman in the Avesta is doomed, the Devil in the orthodox Christian system is practically omnipresent and is powerful enough to defeat the plans of God in many cases. Introduction to the History of Religions Handbooks on the History of Religions, Volume IV

The period when the Avesta was completed is assumed to be pre-Cyrian. The Lords of the Ghostland A History of the Ideal

The sacred books of Persia are known by the name of "Zend-Avesta," which is an incorrect expression; we ought to say Avesta and Zend. History of Religion A Sketch of Primitive Religious Beliefs and Practices, and of the Origin and Character of the Great Systems

With the assistance of the Avesta we may go a step further. The History of Antiquity Vol. V. 2011-12-06T03:00:24.110Z

Of all Scriptures the Zend Avesta of the Parsees is the only one which furnishes woman, from the beginning, with absolute equality with man; and that position she has never lost among the Parsees. India's Problem, Krishna or Christ

These books are known under the name of the Zend-Avesta, a word which comprises the name of the language, Zend, and the title of the book, Avesta. Celebrated Travels and Travellers Part III. The Great Explorers of the Nineteenth Century

In Persia, where it illuminated the face of Ormuzd, its beneficence is told in the Avesta, a work of such holiness that it was polluted if seen. The Lords of the Ghostland A History of the Ideal

He stands at the very beginning of the Avesta literature, and the developments in religion to which that literature testifies must have occupied a long period. History of Religion A Sketch of Primitive Religious Beliefs and Practices, and of the Origin and Character of the Great Systems

The Avesta exhibits them in close connection with horses. The History of Antiquity Vol. V. 2011-12-06T03:00:24.110Z

The translation of the Avesta will perhaps stand as his greatest achievement. Library of the World's Best Literature, Ancient and Modern — Volume 11

In Genesis the creation ends with the creation of man, so it does in the Avesta. Chips From A German Workshop - Volume I Essays on the Science of Religion

Foretold in the Brahmanas, in the Avesta and in the Eddas, probably it was in the Sibylline Books. The Lords of the Ghostland A History of the Ideal

Ahura becomes the god par excellence, the supreme god; while "deva," the title which in India remained in honour, is in the Avesta that of evil gods who are not to be worshipped. History of Religion A Sketch of Primitive Religious Beliefs and Practices, and of the Origin and Character of the Great Systems

We have already observed what "the lie" meant in the Avesta. The History of Antiquity Vol. V. 2011-12-06T03:00:24.110Z

In the 'Sacred Books of the East' will be found an English rendering of the Avesta by Darmesteter and Mills. Library of the World's Best Literature, Ancient and Modern — Volume 11

We may safely consider the Huzvaresh of the translations of the Avesta as the language of the Sassanian court and hierarchy. Chips From A German Workshop - Volume I Essays on the Science of Religion

In Egypt, before the Avesta was written, the resurrection and the life were known. The Lords of the Ghostland A History of the Ideal

"Avesta," like the kindred word "Veda," signifies knowledge, and the word "Zend" denotes here not the language of that name, but the "commentary" afterwards added to the original knowledge or text. History of Religion A Sketch of Primitive Religious Beliefs and Practices, and of the Origin and Character of the Great Systems

In the same spirit—the spirit of the principal rules of the Avesta—Darius adjures his Persians to think no evil, and not to leave the right path. The History of Antiquity Vol. V. 2011-12-06T03:00:24.110Z

In the Avesta they are prescribed as holy and meritorious. Folkways A Study of the Sociological Importance of Usages, Manners, Customs, Mores, and Morals

Dr. Haug supposes that the earliest portions of the Zend-Avesta ought to be called Avesta, the later portions Zend—Zend meaning, according to him, commentary, explanation, gloss. Chips From A German Workshop - Volume I Essays on the Science of Religion

That conception is not reached in the Avesta. The Lords of the Ghostland A History of the Ideal

The Avesta consisted originally of 21 Nosks or books, and most of these were destroyed by Alexander when he invaded the East; only one Nosk was preserved entire. History of Religion A Sketch of Primitive Religious Beliefs and Practices, and of the Origin and Character of the Great Systems

That these scriptures arose in the east of Iran is clear from the language of the Avesta. The History of Antiquity Vol. V. 2011-12-06T03:00:24.110Z

At the head of the divine hierarchy it placed as first cause an abstraction, deified Time, the Zervan Akarana of the Avesta. The Oriental Religions in Roman Paganism

Where here is the similarity between Genesis and the Avesta? Chips From A German Workshop - Volume I Essays on the Science of Religion

But in default of the Eternal, the Avesta contains pictures of enduring charm. The Lords of the Ghostland A History of the Ideal

The bible of the Parsees is called Avesta, which means the revelation. Modern Persia

May we assume that we possess these in a genuine and unaltered form in the Avesta, though they have only come down to us in fragments? The History of Antiquity Vol. V. 2011-12-06T03:00:24.110Z

One point on which they all agree is that he was a Persian god, but this we should know from the Avesta even if they had not mentioned it. The Oriental Religions in Roman Paganism

Nor do we feel at all convinced that the name of Avesta Zend is the original and only correct name. Chips From A German Workshop - Volume I Essays on the Science of Religion

On concluding his prayers, which are in the Avesta language, he walks backward to where he left his shoes and goes home. The Tribes and Castes of the Central Provinces of India—Volume I (of IV)

Unfortunately the Avesta was utterly destroyed in A.D. Modern Persia

The abbreviation of the period of Yima shows us that the cycles in the Bundehesh do not throughout agree with those of the Avesta. The History of Antiquity Vol. V. 2011-12-06T03:00:24.110Z

Essenes, Zend Avesta prescribes observances similar to those of the, 260-u. Morals and Dogma of the Ancient and Accepted Scottish Rite of Freemasonry

In the course of time, these interpretations being regarded as equally sacred with the original texts, both were then called Avesta. Chips From A German Workshop - Volume I Essays on the Science of Religion

The Avesta, the bible of the ancient Iranians, has reduced the Cerberus myth to stunted rudiments. Cerberus, The Dog of Hades The History of an Idea

In the case of a hopelessly sick person the priest will recite some text of the holy bible Avesta, as a consolation to the dying person. Modern Persia

After Uça the royal majesty united itself, to use the phrase in the Avesta, with the beautiful pure body of Kava Çyavarshana. The History of Antiquity Vol. V. 2011-12-06T03:00:24.110Z

Such an opinion may be modestly held until further information is 35 Spiegel, Avesta, ss. The Destiny of the Soul A Critical History of the Doctrine of a Future Life

We proceed to a second point—the Creation as related in Genesis and the Avesta. Chips From A German Workshop - Volume I Essays on the Science of Religion

The grave disciples of the Avesta and the adorers of Jehovah believed themselves brothers. The Life of Jesus

Prayer and holy words from the Avesta are recited several times every day. Modern Persia

In the Avesta, Kava Uça sacrifices not only to rule over the whole earth but also over the spirits. The History of Antiquity Vol. V. 2011-12-06T03:00:24.110Z

For example, the Parsees have a very early account that the Avesta at first consisted of twenty one Nosks. The Destiny of the Soul A Critical History of the Doctrine of a Future Life

The world is created in six days in Genesis, and in six periods in the Avesta, which six periods together form one year. Chips From A German Workshop - Volume I Essays on the Science of Religion

There is much in these descriptions which is unlike the attributes ascribed to any other member of the Vedic pantheon and recalls Ahura Mazda of the Avesta or Semitic deities. Hinduism and Buddhism, An Historical Sketch, Vol. 1

The very first notices of the religion of the Avesta represent it as monotheistic. Oriental Religions and Christianity A Course of Lectures Delivered on the Ely Foundation Before the Students of Union Theological Seminary, New York, 1891

This language then we may regard as the ancient speech of Eastern Iran, and this assumption is raised into evidence by the contents of the Avesta. The History of Antiquity Vol. V. 2011-12-06T03:00:24.110Z

But, at all events, the absence from the extant parts of the Zend Avesta of the doctrine under examination would be no proof that that doctrine was not received when those documents were penned. The Destiny of the Soul A Critical History of the Doctrine of a Future Life

But the characteristic change that has taken place between the Veda and Avesta is that the battle is no longer a conflict of gods and demons for cows, nor of light and darkness for rain. Chips From A German Workshop - Volume I Essays on the Science of Religion

Yet none of these nations attained to any monotheism purer than that of the Veda or the Avesta. Ten Great Religions An Essay in Comparative Theology

Zoroastrianism is ably treated by Darmesteter in the Introduction to his translation of the "Zend Avesta." Oriental Religions and Christianity A Course of Lectures Delivered on the Ely Foundation Before the Students of Union Theological Seminary, New York, 1891

These prove that the Avesta arose in the east of Iran, with even greater certainty than the songs of the Rigveda prove that that collection arose in the land of the Indus and the Panjab. The History of Antiquity Vol. V. 2011-12-06T03:00:24.110Z

He says that Judaism after the exile and, through Judaism, Christianity afterwards received an important influence from Zoroastrianism, 30 Spiegel, Avesta, band i. ss. The Destiny of the Soul A Critical History of the Doctrine of a Future Life

The Greeks and Romans had it, and even the language of the Avesta showed clear traces of it. Chips From A German Workshop - Volume I Essays on the Science of Religion

The duty of man in each system is war, though this war in the Avesta is viewed rather as moral conflict, while in the Edda it is taken more grossly for physical struggle. Ten Great Religions An Essay in Comparative Theology

Against this, however, can be urged that the term 'seven rivers' may be Bactrian, older than the Vedic period; and that, in particular, the Avesta distinguishes Vaikerta, Urva, and other districts from the 'seven rivers.' The Religions of India Handbooks on the History of Religions, Volume 1, Edited by Morris Jastrow

The knowledge of the Avesta is most accurate in the north-east. The History of Antiquity Vol. V. 2011-12-06T03:00:24.110Z

This work, of which he soon published a French version at Paris was entitled by him the "Zend Avesta." The Destiny of the Soul A Critical History of the Doctrine of a Future Life

Thus the geographical name hapta hendu, which occurs in the Avesta, becomes intelligible if we retranslate the Zend h into the Sanskrit s. Chips From A German Workshop - Volume I Essays on the Science of Religion

All this reminds us of the Fravashi of the Avesta and of the Persian monuments. Ten Great Religions An Essay in Comparative Theology

In the Veda and in the Avesta there is mentioned the land of the 'seven rivers.' The Religions of India Handbooks on the History of Religions, Volume 1, Edited by Morris Jastrow

The Avesta entirely ignores the west of Iran. The History of Antiquity Vol. V. 2011-12-06T03:00:24.110Z

If, then, the Avesta contains such a passage, it must fairly be admitted that its writers knew the whole doctrine concerning spiritual man. Five Years of Theosophy

According to the Parsis, Avesta means sacred text, Zend its Pehlevi translation. Chips From A German Workshop - Volume I Essays on the Science of Religion

The earth, in the Avesta, is called Hethra, and by the ancient Germans and Scandinavians, Hertha,—the name given by Tacitus to this goddess, signifying the earth, in all the Teutonic languages. Ten Great Religions An Essay in Comparative Theology

In regard to the relation between the Veda and the Avesta the difference of views is too individual to have formed systems of interpretation on that basis alone. The Religions of India Handbooks on the History of Religions, Volume 1, Edited by Morris Jastrow

The heroes and kings before him were known in the Avesta by the name Paoiryotkaesha, i. e. the men of the earliest custom, the earliest law. The History of Antiquity Vol. V. 2011-12-06T03:00:24.110Z

The title "Zend Avesta" is an anomaly, for "Zend" is not the name of a language at all, but means "commentary," the word "Avesta" connoting the original text on which the commentary is written. The World's Greatest Books — Volume 13 — Religion and Philosophy

But in the Pehlevi translations themselves, the original work of Zoroaster is spoken of as Avesta Zend. Chips From A German Workshop - Volume I Essays on the Science of Religion

Gods of the Vedas are the evil spirits of the Avesta, 202. Ten Great Religions An Essay in Comparative Theology

But in the Avesta, Ahura is the one great spirit, and his six spirits are plainly a protestant copy and modification of Varuna and his six underlings. The Religions of India Handbooks on the History of Religions, Volume 1, Edited by Morris Jastrow

These are all the traits and pictures of the antiquity of East Iran, of any importance, which can be gathered from the remaining fragments of the Avesta. The History of Antiquity Vol. V. 2011-12-06T03:00:24.110Z

This is much less esteemed than the Avesta proper. The World's Greatest Books — Volume 13 — Religion and Philosophy

Avesta Zend was most likely a traditional name, hardly understood even at the time of the Pehlevi translators, who retained it in their writings. Chips From A German Workshop - Volume I Essays on the Science of Religion

Only the germs of it are to be found in the elder books of the Avesta. Ten Great Religions An Essay in Comparative Theology

When the circle is narrowed to that of the Indo-Iranian connection the similarity in religion between the Veda and Avesta becomes much more striking than in any other group, as has been shown. The Religions of India Handbooks on the History of Religions, Volume 1, Edited by Morris Jastrow

The inscriptions of the Achæmenids prove that the doctrine of the Avesta was maintained among the Persians with even greater clearness and for a period more ancient. The History of Antiquity Vol. V. 2011-12-06T03:00:24.110Z

The Apocryphal Avesta usually called the Khorda Avesta, or the short Avesta. The World's Greatest Books — Volume 13 — Religion and Philosophy

That the Avesta, or the works of Zoroaster, must have been reduced to writing at least previously to Alexander's conquest. Chips From A German Workshop - Volume I Essays on the Science of Religion

This primitive religion of the Aryan race diverged early in two directions, represented by the Veda and the Avesta. Ten Great Religions An Essay in Comparative Theology

Can any one question that Vivasvant the 'wide gleaming' is sun or bright sky, as he is represented in the Avesta and Rig Veda? The Religions of India Handbooks on the History of Religions, Volume 1, Edited by Morris Jastrow

That the economic civilisation was not behind the material was shown by indications in the Avesta. The History of Antiquity Vol. V. 2011-12-06T03:00:24.110Z

It consists almost entirely of extracts from other parts of the Avesta, especially from the Yasnas. The World's Greatest Books — Volume 13 — Religion and Philosophy

We do not mean to say anything disrespectful to Professor Spiegel, a scholar brimfull of learning, and one of the two or three men who know the Avesta by heart. Chips From A German Workshop - Volume I Essays on the Science of Religion

On the other hand, the Ahuras, or gods, of the Avesta are Asuras, or demons, in the Vedic belief. Ten Great Religions An Essay in Comparative Theology

This mode of purification is recommended in the Avesta, and is said to be used by the few remaining followers of this creed. Studies in the Psychology of Sex, Volume 5 Erotic Symbolism; The Mechanism of Detumescence; The Psychic State in Pregnancy

Hence in the Avesta we again meet with the contest of the good spirits against Vritra, and in Iran also these spirits are opposed to the demons of blight. The History of Antiquity Vol. V. 2011-12-06T03:00:24.110Z

In metre, vocabulary, and matter, the gathas prove themselves to be the oldest part of the Avesta. The World's Greatest Books — Volume 13 — Religion and Philosophy

The Zend MSS. of the Avesta are very modern, so are the Hebrew MSS. of Genesis, which do not carry us beyond the tenth century after Christ. Chips From A German Workshop - Volume I Essays on the Science of Religion

The whole of the Sáma-Veda is devoted to this moon-plant worship; an important part of the Avesta is occupied with hymns to Haŏma. Ten Great Religions An Essay in Comparative Theology

The so-called Klein-Bessemerei, carried on at Avesta in Sweden for several years past, produces an exclusively soft, fibrous iron by the simple device of pouring slag and iron together into the ingot mould. Scientific American Supplement, No. 520, December 19, 1885

Another spirit which fights against the demons in the Avesta is called Çraosha. The History of Antiquity Vol. V. 2011-12-06T03:00:24.110Z

The original Avesta, as described in Pahlavi text which have come down to us, contain twenty-one Nasks or books. The World's Greatest Books — Volume 13 — Religion and Philosophy

The original Zoroastrian Avesta, according to tradition, was in itself a literature of vast dimensions. Library of the World's Best Literature, Ancient and Modern — Volume 3

"The language of the Avesta," says Max Müller, "is so much more primitive than the inscriptions of Darius, that many centuries must have passed between the two periods represented by these two strata of language132." Ten Great Religions An Essay in Comparative Theology

The Russian bring to their task a mature study of Semitic languages and acquaintance with Avesta philology. Iranian Influence on Moslem Literature, Part I

Among the Indians, as we saw, the priest who addresses the invocation to the god at the sacrifice is called Hotar; in the Avesta the Zaotar utters the prayers. The History of Antiquity Vol. V. 2011-12-06T03:00:24.110Z

The Avesta which exists to-day may be divided thus:-- I. The strictly canonical parts, including the following, which will be more fully described in connection with the summaries. The World's Greatest Books — Volume 13 — Religion and Philosophy

Whatever interest this division of the Avesta possesses lies entirely on the side of the ritual, and not in the field of literature. Library of the World's Best Literature, Ancient and Modern — Volume 3

The Avesta, then, is not a system of dogmatics, but a book of worship. Ten Great Religions An Essay in Comparative Theology

"I have read in the book which has been translated from one of their books called Avesta," and so on Hamza proceeds regarding the beginning of creation. Iranian Influence on Moslem Literature, Part I

Instead of the 815 chapters which the Avesta is said to have previously contained, the new canon amounted to only 348 chapters. The History of Antiquity Vol. V. 2011-12-06T03:00:24.110Z

His conclusion was that the "Avesta" was a rhapsody of some modern Guebre. Sacred Books of the East

Fragmentary and disjointed as are the remnants of the Avesta, we are fortunate in possessing even this moiety of the Bible of Zoroaster, whose compass is about one tenth that of our own sacred book. Library of the World's Best Literature, Ancient and Modern — Volume 3

In the Veda they are gods, in the Avesta evil spirits. Ten Great Religions An Essay in Comparative Theology

Zoroaster composed the commentary on the Avesta which he called the Zend, and which in the eyes of his followers was revealed to him by God. Iranian Influence on Moslem Literature, Part I

The importance which the Avesta ascribes to truthfulness will become clear hereafter. The History of Antiquity Vol. V. 2011-12-06T03:00:24.110Z

A violent dispute broke out at once, as half the learned world denied the authenticity of this "Avesta," which it pronounced a forgery. Sacred Books of the East

Some idea of the character of the Avesta as it now exists may be derived from the following sketch of its contents and from the illustrative selections presented:-- 1. Library of the World's Best Literature, Ancient and Modern — Volume 3

By perseverance and patience he succeeded in persuading the Destours, or priests, of these fire-worshippers, to teach him the Zend language and to furnish him with manuscripts of the Avesta. Ten Great Religions An Essay in Comparative Theology

And the Persians start their assertion from the Book which was brought to them by Zaradusht and which was called Avesta. Iranian Influence on Moslem Literature, Part I

Though Herodotus does not mention either the name of Zarathrustra or of Auramazda, what he says of the rites of the Medes and Persians agrees exactly with the rules given in the Avesta. The History of Antiquity Vol. V. 2011-12-06T03:00:24.110Z

Anquetil had already tried to show, in a memoir on Plutarch, that the data of the "Avesta" fully agree with the account of the Magian religion given in the treatise on "Isis and Osiris." Sacred Books of the East

The lines are metrical, as in fact they commonly are in the older parts of the Avesta, and the rhythm somewhat recalls the Kalevala verse of Longfellow's 'Hiawatha.' Library of the World's Best Literature, Ancient and Modern — Volume 3

A few passages, taken from different parts of the Zend Avesta, will best illustrate these tendencies, and show how unlike it is, in its whole spirit, to its sister, the Vedic liturgy. Ten Great Religions An Essay in Comparative Theology

For this script is not confined to the language of the Avesta. Iranian Influence on Moslem Literature, Part I

The forms of language preserved in the Avesta have not survived with sufficient distinctness to assist us in fixing the time at which it was written down. The History of Antiquity Vol. V. 2011-12-06T03:00:24.110Z

Thus he succeeded in tracing the general outlines of the Zend lexicon and in fixing its grammatical forms, and founded the only correct method of interpreting the "Avesta." Sacred Books of the East

Tradition is unanimous on one point at least: it is that the original Avesta comprised twenty-one Nasks, or books, a statement which there is no good reason to doubt. Library of the World's Best Literature, Ancient and Modern — Volume 3

If, in taking up the Zend Avesta, we expect to find a system of theology or philosophy, we shall be disappointed. Ten Great Religions An Essay in Comparative Theology

The mythical tales which in their crude nascent forms were already there at the period of the Avesta were in course of time richly developed and under the Sasanides were no doubt universally known. Iranian Influence on Moslem Literature, Part I

That the Arians of Iran were not without gods and religious worship before Zarathrustra, if the fact needed proof, might be shown from the statements in the Avesta regarding the time previous to Zarathrustra. The History of Antiquity Vol. V. 2011-12-06T03:00:24.110Z

The theologians appealed to the "Avesta," in their polemics, and Rhode sketched the religious history of Persia after the translations of Anquetil. Sacred Books of the East

These Gathas form the oldest part of the entire canon of the Avesta. Library of the World's Best Literature, Ancient and Modern — Volume 3

All this points at the great Iranic religion, the religion of Persia and its monarchs for many centuries, the religion of which Zoroaster was the great prophet, and the Avesta the sacred book. Ten Great Religions An Essay in Comparative Theology

He shares with Professor Browne of Cambridge and the great M. Blochet a unique scholarly position: he combines an intimate knowledge of Avesta civilization with a familiarity with classical Arabic. Iranian Influence on Moslem Literature, Part I

In the Avesta, as we saw, Verethragna also appears in the form of the wind. The History of Antiquity Vol. V. 2011-12-06T03:00:24.110Z

From the time when Anquetil had published his translation, that is to say during seventy years, no real progress had been made in knowledge of the Avesta texts. Sacred Books of the East

The exact meaning of the name "Avesta" is not certain; it may perhaps signify "law," "text," or, more doubtfully, "wisdom," "revelation." Library of the World's Best Literature, Ancient and Modern — Volume 3

With one hundred and eighty valuable manuscripts he returned to Europe, and published, in 1771, his great work,—the Avesta translated into French, with notes and dissertations. Ten Great Religions An Essay in Comparative Theology

The Zend Avesta is of great but uncertain antiquity; believed to be three thousand years old. Voices for the Speechless

In the Gathas of the Avesta the spirit who keeps watch over the increase of the flocks speaks to the heavenly powers, saying: "All creatures are distressed; whom have ye for their assistance?" The History of Antiquity Vol. V. 2011-12-06T03:00:24.110Z

Another stanch upholder of the "Avesta" was the numismatologist Tychsen, who, having begun to read the book with a prejudice against its authenticity, quitted it with a conviction to the contrary. Sacred Books of the East

The original Avesta was, it would appear, a sort of encyclopaedic work; not of religion alone, but of useful knowledge relating to law, to the arts, science, the professions, and to every-day life. Library of the World's Best Literature, Ancient and Modern — Volume 3

The Dews or Daêvas of the Avesta are demons, in the Vedas they are gods. Ten Great Religions An Essay in Comparative Theology

It remained for Anquetil Duperron, a young Frenchman, a Persian scholar, to translate the Zend Avesta, which contains the teachings of Zoroaster, and may be called the Parsee bible. Modern India

We were able definitely to ascertain from the fragments of the Avesta that it arose in the east of Iran; the districts of the north-east are especially prominent in it. The History of Antiquity Vol. V. 2011-12-06T03:00:24.110Z

However, his judgment on the "Avesta" itself was not altered on the whole, although, as he himself declared, he had not thought it necessary to study the text. Sacred Books of the East

For readers who are interested in the subject there are several translations of the Avesta. Library of the World's Best Literature, Ancient and Modern — Volume 3

We find in the Avesta, and in the oldest portion of it, the tendencies which resulted afterward in the elaborate theories of the Bundehesch. Ten Great Religions An Essay in Comparative Theology

No one I think can read the Avestas without being impressed by the prominence there given to the subjects of temperance and virtue. The God-Idea of the Ancients or Sex in Religion

Among the heroes of the ancient time and the spirits of the pious who are invoked in the prayers of the Avesta, the immortal part of King Vistaçpa is repeatedly invoked besides Zarathrustra and Frashaostra. The History of Antiquity Vol. V. 2011-12-06T03:00:24.110Z

For a legendary view of magic in Media, see the Zend Avesta, part i, p. History of the Warfare of Science with Theology in Christendom

In the Avesta he is called the twin-brother of the Holy Spirits, and contrasted either with the Holy Spirit of Ormazd or with Ormazd himself. The Project Gutenberg Encyclopedia Volume 1 of 28

Few remains of antiquity," he remarks, "have undergone such attentive examination as the books of the Zend Avesta. Ten Great Religions An Essay in Comparative Theology

In the Khordah Avesta, praise is offered to "the Moon which contains the seed of cattle, to the only begotten Bull, to the Bull of many kinds." The God-Idea of the Ancients or Sex in Religion

The Avesta speaks not only of the good way of Vohumano, but also of his acts, his dwelling, and his kingdom. The History of Antiquity Vol. V. 2011-12-06T03:00:24.110Z

In the Zend Avesta were found in earlier form sundry myths and legends which, judging from their frequent appearance in early religions, grow naturally about the history of the adored teachers of our race. History of the Warfare of Science with Theology in Christendom

Later the term was enlarged to cover the great literary works of other ancient nations; so that the Bible and the Avestas, as well as the Iliad and the Aeneid, are called classics. English Literature Its History and Its Significance for the Life of the English Speaking World

Our remaining fragments of the Zend Avesta say nothing of the periods of three thousand years' duration. Ten Great Religions An Essay in Comparative Theology

In the Khordah Avesta we have the following concerning the doctrine of the resurrection and that of future rewards and punishments. The God-Idea of the Ancients or Sex in Religion

It is in harmony with these tendencies to abstraction that, according to other passages of the Avesta, heaven is filled with a multitude of the most lifeless personifications of ideas and realities. The History of Antiquity Vol. V. 2011-12-06T03:00:24.110Z

See reference to Jackson's paper on "the ancient Persians' abhorrence of falsehood, illustrated from the Avesta," in Journal of Am. A Lie Never Justifiable

In the Vedas--the Hindu books--the powers of Nature are gods; in the Avesta they are spirits, or servants of the Supreme. Beacon Lights of History, Volume 01 The Old Pagan Civilizations

The whole religion of the Avesta revolves around the person of Zoroaster, or Zarathustra. Ten Great Religions An Essay in Comparative Theology

Throughout the Avesta the most desirable possession, and that which is most praised, is purity of life. The God-Idea of the Ancients or Sex in Religion

The Avesta is filled with similar conceptions, though less poetical in form. The History of Antiquity Vol. V. 2011-12-06T03:00:24.110Z

In the Avesta itself, with its ancient traditions, much can be found. The Persian Literature, Comprising The Shah Nameh, The Rubaiyat, The Divan, and The Gulistan, Volume 1

But in the course of time the Avesta was subjected to many additions and interpretations, called the Zend, which show degeneracy. Beacon Lights of History, Volume 01 The Old Pagan Civilizations

The following passages are from the oldest part of the Avesta, the Gâthâs:— "Good is the thought, good the speech, good the work of the pure Zarathustra." Ten Great Religions An Essay in Comparative Theology

The fourth book was the Avesta of Zoroaster—a collection of MSS. stitched together, and exquisitely rendered by Parse devas into the Zend language. The Prince of India — Volume 01

The forms and views, which are found to agree in the Avesta and Rigveda, we have already established, with complete certainty, to be the ancient possession of the Arians of Iran. The History of Antiquity Vol. V. 2011-12-06T03:00:24.110Z

That is true," said the voice of Abgarus; "every faithful disciple of Zoroaster knows the prophecy of the Avesta, and carries the word in his heart. The Blue Flower

There entered into the Avesta old Chaldaean traditions. Beacon Lights of History, Volume 01 The Old Pagan Civilizations

It has no Avesta, no Vedas, no Koran. Ten Great Religions An Essay in Comparative Theology

Even on this showing, the Iliad and Odyssey appear as the oldest existing specimens of Aryan literature, save perhaps the hymns of the Rig-Veda and the sacred books of the Avesta. Myths and myth-makers: Old Tales and Superstitions Interpreted by Comparative Mythology

In the Avesta a part of them have simply the name of the spirits of deception, of the Druj. The History of Antiquity Vol. V. 2011-12-06T03:00:24.110Z

Even after all that has been advanced by De Harlez, "Avesta," p. The History of Antiquity Vol. V. 2011-12-06T03:00:24.110Z

"From the sun," says the Avesta, "are all things sought that can be desired." Beacon Lights of History, Volume 01 The Old Pagan Civilizations

The doctrine of Zoroaster and of the Zend Avesta is far nobler. Ten Great Religions An Essay in Comparative Theology

The preservation of life also receives great attention in the Avesta. The History of Antiquity Vol. V. 2011-12-06T03:00:24.110Z

Nor can any certain conclusions be drawn from the condition of political and social life shown in the Avesta. The History of Antiquity Vol. V. 2011-12-06T03:00:24.110Z

In this way the legend of Sejestan is woven into the closest connection with the legend of the Avesta. The History of Antiquity Vol. V. 2011-12-06T03:00:24.110Z

The old Bactrian tongue in which the Avesta was composed became practically a dead language. Beacon Lights of History, Volume 01 The Old Pagan Civilizations

Relation of the Religion of the Zend Avesta to that of the Vedas§ 9. Ten Great Religions An Essay in Comparative Theology

It takes its name from the metropolis Ragha, a city on the southern foot of Elburz, mentioned both in the Avesta and the inscriptions. The History of Antiquity Vol. V. 2011-12-06T03:00:24.110Z

As the club of Indra belongs in the Avesta to Mithra, so is Verethraghna his companion. The History of Antiquity Vol. V. 2011-12-06T03:00:24.110Z

Here also we find traces of the Avesta underlying the poem. The History of Antiquity Vol. V. 2011-12-06T03:00:24.110Z

The power of the descendants of Feridun is extinguished with Naudar, from whose sons "the splendour of the royal majesty shines no longer;" thus does Firdusi repeat the metaphor current in the Avesta. The History of Antiquity Vol. V. 2011-12-06T03:00:24.110Z

Is Monotheism or pure Dualism the Doctrine of the Zend Avesta§ 10. Ten Great Religions An Essay in Comparative Theology

He adds: Among the Persians it was forbidden to speak of that which it was forbidden to do; the Avesta requires truth "in thought, speech, and action." The History of Antiquity Vol. V. 2011-12-06T03:00:24.110Z

The same custom and deity are found in the Avesta, only the name has become Haoma, according to the phonetic laws of the Bactrian language. The History of Antiquity Vol. V. 2011-12-06T03:00:24.110Z

In the Avesta therefore rules can be given for the invocation of this pure part and nature of the individual soul, of the separate Fravashis. The History of Antiquity Vol. V. 2011-12-06T03:00:24.110Z

In the form in which we have them the books of the Avesta are the work of the priests of Eastern Iran. The History of Antiquity Vol. V. 2011-12-06T03:00:24.110Z

The Duad, with the Monad brooding behind it, is the fundamental principle of the Avesta. Ten Great Religions An Essay in Comparative Theology

The Avesta says: "He who does not restore that which has been borrowed, seeks day and night to deceive the creditor." The History of Antiquity Vol. V. 2011-12-06T03:00:24.110Z

As filth defiles the body, so, according to the Avesta, does a lie defile the soul. The History of Antiquity Vol. V. 2011-12-06T03:00:24.110Z

The Avesta repeatedly declares "that purity after birth is the best thing for men." The History of Antiquity Vol. V. 2011-12-06T03:00:24.110Z

We have already set forth in detail what weight the Avesta lays on purity, and the avoidance of contact with dead matter, which has fallen into the power of the Daevas. The History of Antiquity Vol. V. 2011-12-06T03:00:24.110Z

In the current theology, this dualism has been so emphasized as even to exceed that of the Zend Avesta. Ten Great Religions An Essay in Comparative Theology

The Avesta speaks of great and intermediate houses, of important and unimportant inhabitants of the villages. The History of Antiquity Vol. V. 2011-12-06T03:00:24.110Z

According to the Avesta the utensils for this sacrifice—the mortar, cup and bundle of twigs—were found in every house. The History of Antiquity Vol. V. 2011-12-06T03:00:24.110Z

The rules concerning purity and purification, the expiations and penances necessary to avert the Daevas, which we possess in the Vendidad of the Avesta, are only the remnant of a far more comprehensive law. The History of Antiquity Vol. V. 2011-12-06T03:00:24.110Z

The preservation and increase of life is the foundation of the teaching of the Avesta. The History of Antiquity Vol. V. 2011-12-06T03:00:24.110Z

The Ayrans, long before the age of the Vedas or the Zend Avesta, were living as a pastoral people on the great plains east of the Caspian Sea. Ten Great Religions An Essay in Comparative Theology

The Avesta always speaks of one wife only. The History of Antiquity Vol. V. 2011-12-06T03:00:24.110Z

This doctrine of the Avesta also was well known to the western world. The History of Antiquity Vol. V. 2011-12-06T03:00:24.110Z

In the Avesta Kava Uça offers sacrifice, in order to obtain the dominion over men and Daevas, and this favour is granted to him. The History of Antiquity Vol. V. 2011-12-06T03:00:24.110Z

In the Avesta the Athravas had sketched the ideal picture of the correct conduct pleasing to Auramazda in every department of life. The History of Antiquity Vol. V. 2011-12-06T03:00:24.110Z

The people of Iran receive this same appellation in the Zend Avesta, with the same meaning of honorable. Ten Great Religions An Essay in Comparative Theology

Yet even in the Avesta the Soma is offered to Verethraghna before the battle, as in the Veda it is offered to Indra. The History of Antiquity Vol. V. 2011-12-06T03:00:24.110Z

It has been proved that the Avesta was in existence before Alexander overthrew the kingdom of the Achæmenids. The History of Antiquity Vol. V. 2011-12-06T03:00:24.110Z

The pure waters, the well-flowing, the waters of the springs, pools, and rivers are often mentioned in the Avesta and highly extolled. The History of Antiquity Vol. V. 2011-12-06T03:00:24.110Z

As with the Arians in India, so in the Avesta, the great waters are placed high up in the sky. The History of Antiquity Vol. V. 2011-12-06T03:00:24.110Z

Christianity compared with the Avesta and the Eddas. Ten Great Religions An Essay in Comparative Theology

The detailed form in which this idea is presented to us in the Avesta will be given below. The History of Antiquity Vol. V. 2011-12-06T03:00:24.110Z

In the Avesta also the water of the sky is the source and origin of the waters on earth. The History of Antiquity Vol. V. 2011-12-06T03:00:24.110Z

It is a remarkable fact that the evil spirits in the Avesta bear the name of Daevas. The History of Antiquity Vol. V. 2011-12-06T03:00:24.110Z

The fragments of the Avesta which have been preserved do not give us very full information on the sacrifices. The History of Antiquity Vol. V. 2011-12-06T03:00:24.110Z

Relation of the religion of the Avesta to the Vedas, 201. Ten Great Religions An Essay in Comparative Theology

Finally, the wavering position which Auramazda takes up in the Avesta towards the old deities, shows that he is of later origin. The History of Antiquity Vol. V. 2011-12-06T03:00:24.110Z

In the Avesta we have before us the faithful expression of the ancient Iranian faith. The History of Antiquity Vol. V. 2011-12-06T03:00:24.110Z

The answers which the priesthood of Iran gave to all the questions which successively arose have been collected in the Avesta. The History of Antiquity Vol. V. 2011-12-06T03:00:24.110Z

Of such interpretations and prophesying on the part of the priests the Avesta knows nothing, and those Greeks who were better informed, warmly contested the assertion that the Magians were occupied with such things. The History of Antiquity Vol. V. 2011-12-06T03:00:24.110Z

In speaking of the Vedas and the Avesta we said that in such hymns and liturgies the truest belief of a nation can be found. Ten Great Religions An Essay in Comparative Theology

In the East the calendar of the Avesta was in use; and this seems to have been current in the West also in the first half of the fourth century B.C. The History of Antiquity Vol. V. 2011-12-06T03:00:24.110Z

In the Avesta Mithra is still in direct conflict with the evil spirits, from which in the Veda he is displaced by the storm-god, who first came into prominence in the Panjab. The History of Antiquity Vol. V. 2011-12-06T03:00:24.110Z

Proceeding from precisely the same conceptions, the Avesta went on to fill several books with medical remedies. The History of Antiquity Vol. V. 2011-12-06T03:00:24.110Z

From our fragments we cannot so much as fix the year by which the Avesta reckons. The History of Antiquity Vol. V. 2011-12-06T03:00:24.110Z

Yet only in the Avesta is this great principle of evil set forth in full antagonism against the powers of light and love. Ten Great Religions An Essay in Comparative Theology

This view is supported by the great importance which the Avesta ascribes to truthfulness, in the decisive value given to this virtue for the purity of the soul, and the identification of purity with truthfulness. The History of Antiquity Vol. V. 2011-12-06T03:00:24.110Z

The deity of the water of the sky is in the Avesta the most beneficent of the goddesses; the source of water is also the source of fruitfulness and life. The History of Antiquity Vol. V. 2011-12-06T03:00:24.110Z

The only bond of union between the new god and the old gods in the Avesta is the fact that Auramazda is made the creator of the old gods, and even of Mithra. The History of Antiquity Vol. V. 2011-12-06T03:00:24.110Z

The penalties also which have to be paid in expiation of certain offences are to be given to "the pure men," and the Avesta repeatedly recommends the presentation of gifts to them. The History of Antiquity Vol. V. 2011-12-06T03:00:24.110Z

The essential truth in the Avesta and the Eddas is the same. Ten Great Religions An Essay in Comparative Theology

These regulations of the Avesta were fully accepted in the West. The History of Antiquity Vol. V. 2011-12-06T03:00:24.110Z

The importance which the Avesta ascribes to the cultivation of the land, we may regard as a prominent trait of the reform, as an essential part of its ethical importance. The History of Antiquity Vol. V. 2011-12-06T03:00:24.110Z

The Avesta distinguishes different classes of priests, but the distinction only rests on the various acts which they perform in the sacred rites. The History of Antiquity Vol. V. 2011-12-06T03:00:24.110Z

On the other hand, the worship of the sun-god appears but faintly in the Avesta—in our fragments at any rate. The History of Antiquity Vol. V. 2011-12-06T03:00:24.110Z

Temples and images are unknown to the Avesta. The History of Antiquity Vol. V. 2011-12-06T03:00:24.110Z

For the expiation of sins the Avesta universally requires the killing of serpents, lizards, and ants; rats and mice, which do harm to the crops; flies, midges, fleas, lice, and other vermin. The History of Antiquity Vol. V. 2011-12-06T03:00:24.110Z

Beside warriors and priests the Avesta knows only the agricultural class. The History of Antiquity Vol. V. 2011-12-06T03:00:24.110Z

The Avesta told us above that the wife must be watched. The History of Antiquity Vol. V. 2011-12-06T03:00:24.110Z

The protection of property is obviously a matter of great importance in the Avesta. The History of Antiquity Vol. V. 2011-12-06T03:00:24.110Z

In the view of the Avesta impurity consists essentially in that which is opposed to life; hence there is no worse form of uncleanness than that caused by the corpse. The History of Antiquity Vol. V. 2011-12-06T03:00:24.110Z

According to the Avesta Vistaçpa has given his support and protection to the law, has set up the law in the world, and given it a high position, and made the path broad for purity. The History of Antiquity Vol. V. 2011-12-06T03:00:24.110Z

The invocation of Mithra in the Avesta, given above, showed us that the Arians of Iran recognised in this deity the spirit of purity, the inevitable avenger of injustice. The History of Antiquity Vol. V. 2011-12-06T03:00:24.110Z

We know the importance ascribed in the Avesta to the number seven—the seven supreme deities, and the seven girdles of the earth. The History of Antiquity Vol. V. 2011-12-06T03:00:24.110Z

单词	Avesta
例句	Avesta Avesta Rastan, 25, is a visual science communicator currently living in California. International Women's Day: Illustrating the Covid-19 pandemic 2021-03-04T05:00:00Z A statement from Avesta says their staff is saddened by the death one of their residents, adding that no one else was injured in the fire. 1 person dead after fire at apartment complex in Florida 2018-03-28T04:00:00Z Avesta says most of the 82 apartments would be reserved for low-income residents. Developer proposes affordable housing complex in Portland 2017-08-09T04:00:00Z Avesta Housing released data about housing demand on Wednesday. Affordable housing provider says requests rose in Maine, NH 2017-02-01T05:00:00Z As an expression of the Iranian mind we have the Avesta and the Pehlevi theological literature. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 13, Slice 2 "Hearing" to "Helmond" 2012-04-25T02:00:53.567Z The existence of this base is further vouched for by its occurrence in the Iranian language of the Avesta under the form ava-. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 13, Slice 4 "Hero" to "Hindu Chronology" 2012-04-04T02:00:56.447Z The Hindoos have the Vedas and many others, the Persians the Zend Avesta—the Egyptians had the Book of the Dead—the Aztecs the Popol Vuh, and the Mohammedans have the Koran. The Works of Robert G. Ingersoll, Vol. 2 (of 12) Dresden Edition?Lectures 2012-02-11T03:03:51.557Z Avesta lost 6.4 percent in 2011, according to an investor in the fund who asked not to be named because the information is private. Avesta Capital Returns Investor Money as Tung Moves to Moore 2012-01-13T02:55:10Z The report says the number of households moving into an Avesta apartment remained essentially unchanged as demand rose. Affordable housing provider says requests rose in Maine, NH 2017-02-01T05:00:00Z And even if we could date the Avesta securely, we could only prove borrowing by more or less close coincidences of idea, a tempting but uncertain method of inquiry. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 13, Slice 2 "Hearing" to "Helmond" 2012-04-25T02:00:53.567Z The base of the second pronoun is the same as the base of the first syllable in the Skr. ē-ṣas, this, and other connected pronouns, and also occurs in the Avesta. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 13, Slice 4 "Hero" to "Hindu Chronology" 2012-04-04T02:00:56.447Z In the Avesta I find this: "I belong to five: to those who think good, to those who speak good, to those who do good, to those who hear, and to those who are pure." The Works of Robert G. Ingersoll, Vol. 2 (of 12) Dresden Edition?Lectures 2012-02-11T03:03:51.557Z Avesta will return most of the capital to investors by the end of February. Avesta Capital Returns Investor Money as Tung Moves to Moore 2012-01-13T02:55:10Z Avesta president Dana Totman says the rise in requests is “concerning” because the provider is expecting budget cuts at the federal level. Affordable housing provider says requests rose in Maine, NH 2017-02-01T05:00:00Z Conceptions and ideas of this kind, expressed almost in the same words, have met us frequently in the Avesta. The History of Antiquity Vol. VI. (vol. VI. of VI.) 2011-12-15T03:00:18.317Z In the Avesta the god Haoma says, Vivanghana was the first who crushed out the juice of the Haoma. The History of Antiquity Vol. V. 2011-12-06T03:00:24.110Z If our reasoning is sound, we cannot, I think, regard the Avesta as a trustworthy exposition of the ancient teaching of Zoroaster. Ancient Faiths And Modern A Dissertation upon Worships, Legends and Divinities 2011-11-24T03:00:37.917Z The name Vesta was synonymous with the Chaldean and Persian Avesta and hence Zoroaster gave to his book on the worship of fire, the name of Avesta or Abesta, i.e., the custody of fire. Fishes, Flowers, and Fire as Elements and Deities in the Phallic Faiths and Worship of the Ancient Religions of Greece, Babylon, 2011-10-13T02:00:41.150Z These are to be found in two of the oldest Aryan literary monuments extant, the Rigveda of India and the Avesta of Iran. The Literature of Ecstasy 2011-02-16T03:00:39.843Z Pre-eminent services were rewarded by the title "Benefactor"; we remember that the Avesta requires the good thought, the good word, and the good act. The History of Antiquity Vol. VI. (vol. VI. of VI.) 2011-12-15T03:00:18.317Z In an invocation in the Avesta we are told that the bright gleaming majesty in the form of the bird Varaghna had passed from Yima when he began to love lying speech. The History of Antiquity Vol. V. 2011-12-06T03:00:24.110Z Nowhere in the Avesta do we discover such immoral notions of God as prevailed amongst the ancient Jewish writers. Ancient Faiths And Modern A Dissertation upon Worships, Legends and Divinities 2011-11-24T03:00:37.917Z In the Zend Avesta, as Professor Theodores ... informs me, the scale of rewards to be paid to physicians is carefully stated, and in every case the fee consists in some sort of cattle. Readings in Money and Banking Selected and Adapted 2011-02-01T03:00:14.553Z When we come to the Avesta of the Iranians who left India and wrote their work in a language that is almost Sanskrit, we find more liberty as regards the metres. The Literature of Ecstasy 2011-02-16T03:00:39.843Z He was to take measures for the advancement of cultivation and the increase of the population in his province, both as fullfilling the rules of the Avesta, and in the interest of the kingdom. The History of Antiquity Vol. VI. (vol. VI. of VI.) 2011-12-15T03:00:18.317Z Is there any reason to doubt the Avesta that even before the Medes and Cyrus the princes of Bactria and Sogdiana were occupied with beating back the tribes of the steppes? The History of Antiquity Vol. V. 2011-12-06T03:00:24.110Z Our knowledge respecting the Magian religion which the Bactrian* prophet founded, is built, with the exception of the notices in Greek and Latin authors, already quoted, upon the work known as the Avesta. Ancient Faiths And Modern A Dissertation upon Worships, Legends and Divinities 2011-11-24T03:00:37.917Z In the Avesta, airya- is found both as adjective and substantive in the sense of Aryan, but no light is thrown upon the history of the word. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 2, Slice 7 "Arundel, Thomas" to "Athens" In the Avestas, the sacred books of the religion of Iran, which, however late their redaction, still enshrine a very ancient creed, Mithra has the same well-defined personality. Roman Society from Nero to Marcus Aurelius The Parsis use the name “Avesta and Zend,” taking Avesta in the sense of text, and Zend as the title of the Pehlevi commentary. Lectures on The Science of Language This question cannot be set aside, because even under the Sassanids, in spite of their zeal for the Avesta and for Iran, these elements were not unknown. The History of Antiquity Vol. V. 2011-12-06T03:00:24.110Z There is not absolute identity, however, for those which are spoken of as good by the Vedas are treated as bad in the Avesta. Ancient Faiths And Modern A Dissertation upon Worships, Legends and Divinities 2011-11-24T03:00:37.917Z In the Avesta the derivative airyana- is also found in the sense of Aryan. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 2, Slice 7 "Arundel, Thomas" to "Athens" In the more ethical religion of the Avesta the creator is more clearly distinguished from the creature: “I desire to approach Ahura and Mithra with my praise, the lofty eternal, and the holy two.” Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 7, Slice 6 "Coucy-le-Château" to "Crocodile" According to the Zend Avesta, Ormuzd, the first-born of the Eternal One, is he "who is, always has been, and who will be forever." Bible Myths and their Parallels in other Religions Being a Comparison of the Old and New Testament Myths and Miracles with those of the Heathen Nations of Antiquity Considering also their Origin and Meaning His son was Kava Huçrava, "the brave uniter of the Arian lands into one kingdom," as the Avesta tells us, which then goes on to relate that he was without sickness or death. The History of Antiquity Vol. V. 2011-12-06T03:00:24.110Z It is also asserted that many words in the Avesta have been borrowed from the Arabic, and others from the Sanscrit tongues, possibly, also, from the Greek. Ancient Faiths And Modern A Dissertation upon Worships, Legends and Divinities 2011-11-24T03:00:37.917Z I began to see now that the same argument might be applied with equal force to the Vedas, the Zend Avesta, or the Koran. From Bondage to Liberty in Religion A Spiritual Autobiography They welcomed it with cries which the Veda preserves, which the Avesta retains and the Eddas repeat. The Lords of the Ghostland A History of the Ideal Avesta, two or three bulky volumes on the, iv. Chips from a German Workshop - Volume IV Essays chiefly on the Science of Language Zartusht," he says, "gave the Parsees the book which is called the Avesta. The History of Antiquity Vol. V. 2011-12-06T03:00:24.110Z If, therefore, we allow that there is some of the old Zoroastrian doctrine to be found in the Avesta, we must equally grant that such teaching has been modified by hatred of a rival faith. Ancient Faiths And Modern A Dissertation upon Worships, Legends and Divinities 2011-11-24T03:00:37.917Z The Pentateuch, the Avesta, the Laws of Manu, the Twelve Tables, the Laws of Seleucus, all carry the endorsement, “And God said.” The Religious Sentiment Its Source and Aim: A Contribution to the Science and Philosophy of Religion Probably it was first employed to designate an imaginary prophet, and then a series of spiritual though actual successors by whom, in the course of centuries, the Avesta was evolved. The Lords of the Ghostland A History of the Ideal They believed undoubtedly in many gods; in those parts of the Avesta which come next to the hymns in time, polytheism is in full force. History of Religion A Sketch of Primitive Religious Beliefs and Practices, and of the Origin and Character of the Great Systems But the genealogy in which the Avesta has preserved these names has no greater claims to historical value than the figures which have passed in review before us. The History of Antiquity Vol. V. 2011-12-06T03:00:24.110Z In my estimation, the Bible is not in any way superior to the Koran, to the Dhammapada, the Puranas, the Main-yo-Khard, the Avesta, or any other collection of scriptures held sacred. Ancient Faiths And Modern A Dissertation upon Worships, Legends and Divinities 2011-11-24T03:00:37.917Z It was, doubtless, her popularity that led to her official recognition by Artaxerxes; possibly her formal recognition by the Mazdean leaders was a slow process, since she does not appear in the older Avesta. Introduction to the History of Religions Handbooks on the History of Religions, Volume IV Originally it occurred in the course of a conversation that the Avesta reports. The Lords of the Ghostland A History of the Ideal The Avesta, which is written in the older Zend, the sacred language of Persia, is, like other Bibles, a collection of books written in different ages, and even, it may be, in different lands. History of Religion A Sketch of Primitive Religious Beliefs and Practices, and of the Origin and Character of the Great Systems Yet the style and form in which we find these traditional statements in the fragments of the Avesta supply certain guides for the lost history of Eastern Iran. The History of Antiquity Vol. V. 2011-12-06T03:00:24.110Z He relies to a considerable extent upon the work known as the "Zend Avesta," and supposed to represent the tenets of Zoroaster and his followers. Ancient Faiths And Modern A Dissertation upon Worships, Legends and Divinities 2011-11-24T03:00:37.917Z Though doomed to final defeat, as Ahriman in the Avesta is doomed, the Devil in the orthodox Christian system is practically omnipresent and is powerful enough to defeat the plans of God in many cases. Introduction to the History of Religions Handbooks on the History of Religions, Volume IV The period when the Avesta was completed is assumed to be pre-Cyrian. The Lords of the Ghostland A History of the Ideal The sacred books of Persia are known by the name of "Zend-Avesta," which is an incorrect expression; we ought to say Avesta and Zend. History of Religion A Sketch of Primitive Religious Beliefs and Practices, and of the Origin and Character of the Great Systems With the assistance of the Avesta we may go a step further. The History of Antiquity Vol. V. 2011-12-06T03:00:24.110Z Of all Scriptures the Zend Avesta of the Parsees is the only one which furnishes woman, from the beginning, with absolute equality with man; and that position she has never lost among the Parsees. India's Problem, Krishna or Christ These books are known under the name of the Zend-Avesta, a word which comprises the name of the language, Zend, and the title of the book, Avesta. Celebrated Travels and Travellers Part III. The Great Explorers of the Nineteenth Century In Persia, where it illuminated the face of Ormuzd, its beneficence is told in the Avesta, a work of such holiness that it was polluted if seen. The Lords of the Ghostland A History of the Ideal He stands at the very beginning of the Avesta literature, and the developments in religion to which that literature testifies must have occupied a long period. History of Religion A Sketch of Primitive Religious Beliefs and Practices, and of the Origin and Character of the Great Systems The Avesta exhibits them in close connection with horses. The History of Antiquity Vol. V. 2011-12-06T03:00:24.110Z The translation of the Avesta will perhaps stand as his greatest achievement. Library of the World's Best Literature, Ancient and Modern — Volume 11 In Genesis the creation ends with the creation of man, so it does in the Avesta. Chips From A German Workshop - Volume I Essays on the Science of Religion Foretold in the Brahmanas, in the Avesta and in the Eddas, probably it was in the Sibylline Books. The Lords of the Ghostland A History of the Ideal Ahura becomes the god par excellence, the supreme god; while "deva," the title which in India remained in honour, is in the Avesta that of evil gods who are not to be worshipped. History of Religion A Sketch of Primitive Religious Beliefs and Practices, and of the Origin and Character of the Great Systems We have already observed what "the lie" meant in the Avesta. The History of Antiquity Vol. V. 2011-12-06T03:00:24.110Z In the 'Sacred Books of the East' will be found an English rendering of the Avesta by Darmesteter and Mills. Library of the World's Best Literature, Ancient and Modern — Volume 11 We may safely consider the Huzvaresh of the translations of the Avesta as the language of the Sassanian court and hierarchy. Chips From A German Workshop - Volume I Essays on the Science of Religion In Egypt, before the Avesta was written, the resurrection and the life were known. The Lords of the Ghostland A History of the Ideal "Avesta," like the kindred word "Veda," signifies knowledge, and the word "Zend" denotes here not the language of that name, but the "commentary" afterwards added to the original knowledge or text. History of Religion A Sketch of Primitive Religious Beliefs and Practices, and of the Origin and Character of the Great Systems In the same spirit—the spirit of the principal rules of the Avesta—Darius adjures his Persians to think no evil, and not to leave the right path. The History of Antiquity Vol. V. 2011-12-06T03:00:24.110Z In the Avesta they are prescribed as holy and meritorious. Folkways A Study of the Sociological Importance of Usages, Manners, Customs, Mores, and Morals Dr. Haug supposes that the earliest portions of the Zend-Avesta ought to be called Avesta, the later portions Zend—Zend meaning, according to him, commentary, explanation, gloss. Chips From A German Workshop - Volume I Essays on the Science of Religion That conception is not reached in the Avesta. The Lords of the Ghostland A History of the Ideal The Avesta consisted originally of 21 Nosks or books, and most of these were destroyed by Alexander when he invaded the East; only one Nosk was preserved entire. History of Religion A Sketch of Primitive Religious Beliefs and Practices, and of the Origin and Character of the Great Systems That these scriptures arose in the east of Iran is clear from the language of the Avesta. The History of Antiquity Vol. V. 2011-12-06T03:00:24.110Z At the head of the divine hierarchy it placed as first cause an abstraction, deified Time, the Zervan Akarana of the Avesta. The Oriental Religions in Roman Paganism Where here is the similarity between Genesis and the Avesta? Chips From A German Workshop - Volume I Essays on the Science of Religion But in default of the Eternal, the Avesta contains pictures of enduring charm. The Lords of the Ghostland A History of the Ideal The bible of the Parsees is called Avesta, which means the revelation. Modern Persia May we assume that we possess these in a genuine and unaltered form in the Avesta, though they have only come down to us in fragments? The History of Antiquity Vol. V. 2011-12-06T03:00:24.110Z One point on which they all agree is that he was a Persian god, but this we should know from the Avesta even if they had not mentioned it. The Oriental Religions in Roman Paganism Nor do we feel at all convinced that the name of Avesta Zend is the original and only correct name. Chips From A German Workshop - Volume I Essays on the Science of Religion On concluding his prayers, which are in the Avesta language, he walks backward to where he left his shoes and goes home. The Tribes and Castes of the Central Provinces of India—Volume I (of IV) Unfortunately the Avesta was utterly destroyed in A.D. Modern Persia The abbreviation of the period of Yima shows us that the cycles in the Bundehesh do not throughout agree with those of the Avesta. The History of Antiquity Vol. V. 2011-12-06T03:00:24.110Z Essenes, Zend Avesta prescribes observances similar to those of the, 260-u. Morals and Dogma of the Ancient and Accepted Scottish Rite of Freemasonry In the course of time, these interpretations being regarded as equally sacred with the original texts, both were then called Avesta. Chips From A German Workshop - Volume I Essays on the Science of Religion The Avesta, the bible of the ancient Iranians, has reduced the Cerberus myth to stunted rudiments. Cerberus, The Dog of Hades The History of an Idea In the case of a hopelessly sick person the priest will recite some text of the holy bible Avesta, as a consolation to the dying person. Modern Persia After Uça the royal majesty united itself, to use the phrase in the Avesta, with the beautiful pure body of Kava Çyavarshana. The History of Antiquity Vol. V. 2011-12-06T03:00:24.110Z Such an opinion may be modestly held until further information is 35 Spiegel, Avesta, ss. The Destiny of the Soul A Critical History of the Doctrine of a Future Life We proceed to a second point—the Creation as related in Genesis and the Avesta. Chips From A German Workshop - Volume I Essays on the Science of Religion The grave disciples of the Avesta and the adorers of Jehovah believed themselves brothers. The Life of Jesus Prayer and holy words from the Avesta are recited several times every day. Modern Persia In the Avesta, Kava Uça sacrifices not only to rule over the whole earth but also over the spirits. The History of Antiquity Vol. V. 2011-12-06T03:00:24.110Z For example, the Parsees have a very early account that the Avesta at first consisted of twenty one Nosks. The Destiny of the Soul A Critical History of the Doctrine of a Future Life The world is created in six days in Genesis, and in six periods in the Avesta, which six periods together form one year. Chips From A German Workshop - Volume I Essays on the Science of Religion There is much in these descriptions which is unlike the attributes ascribed to any other member of the Vedic pantheon and recalls Ahura Mazda of the Avesta or Semitic deities. Hinduism and Buddhism, An Historical Sketch, Vol. 1 The very first notices of the religion of the Avesta represent it as monotheistic. Oriental Religions and Christianity A Course of Lectures Delivered on the Ely Foundation Before the Students of Union Theological Seminary, New York, 1891 This language then we may regard as the ancient speech of Eastern Iran, and this assumption is raised into evidence by the contents of the Avesta. The History of Antiquity Vol. V. 2011-12-06T03:00:24.110Z But, at all events, the absence from the extant parts of the Zend Avesta of the doctrine under examination would be no proof that that doctrine was not received when those documents were penned. The Destiny of the Soul A Critical History of the Doctrine of a Future Life But the characteristic change that has taken place between the Veda and Avesta is that the battle is no longer a conflict of gods and demons for cows, nor of light and darkness for rain. Chips From A German Workshop - Volume I Essays on the Science of Religion Yet none of these nations attained to any monotheism purer than that of the Veda or the Avesta. Ten Great Religions An Essay in Comparative Theology Zoroastrianism is ably treated by Darmesteter in the Introduction to his translation of the "Zend Avesta." Oriental Religions and Christianity A Course of Lectures Delivered on the Ely Foundation Before the Students of Union Theological Seminary, New York, 1891 These prove that the Avesta arose in the east of Iran, with even greater certainty than the songs of the Rigveda prove that that collection arose in the land of the Indus and the Panjab. The History of Antiquity Vol. V. 2011-12-06T03:00:24.110Z He says that Judaism after the exile and, through Judaism, Christianity afterwards received an important influence from Zoroastrianism, 30 Spiegel, Avesta, band i. ss. The Destiny of the Soul A Critical History of the Doctrine of a Future Life The Greeks and Romans had it, and even the language of the Avesta showed clear traces of it. Chips From A German Workshop - Volume I Essays on the Science of Religion The duty of man in each system is war, though this war in the Avesta is viewed rather as moral conflict, while in the Edda it is taken more grossly for physical struggle. Ten Great Religions An Essay in Comparative Theology Against this, however, can be urged that the term 'seven rivers' may be Bactrian, older than the Vedic period; and that, in particular, the Avesta distinguishes Vaikerta, Urva, and other districts from the 'seven rivers.' The Religions of India Handbooks on the History of Religions, Volume 1, Edited by Morris Jastrow The knowledge of the Avesta is most accurate in the north-east. The History of Antiquity Vol. V. 2011-12-06T03:00:24.110Z This work, of which he soon published a French version at Paris was entitled by him the "Zend Avesta." The Destiny of the Soul A Critical History of the Doctrine of a Future Life Thus the geographical name hapta hendu, which occurs in the Avesta, becomes intelligible if we retranslate the Zend h into the Sanskrit s. Chips From A German Workshop - Volume I Essays on the Science of Religion All this reminds us of the Fravashi of the Avesta and of the Persian monuments. Ten Great Religions An Essay in Comparative Theology In the Veda and in the Avesta there is mentioned the land of the 'seven rivers.' The Religions of India Handbooks on the History of Religions, Volume 1, Edited by Morris Jastrow The Avesta entirely ignores the west of Iran. The History of Antiquity Vol. V. 2011-12-06T03:00:24.110Z If, then, the Avesta contains such a passage, it must fairly be admitted that its writers knew the whole doctrine concerning spiritual man. Five Years of Theosophy According to the Parsis, Avesta means sacred text, Zend its Pehlevi translation. Chips From A German Workshop - Volume I Essays on the Science of Religion The earth, in the Avesta, is called Hethra, and by the ancient Germans and Scandinavians, Hertha,—the name given by Tacitus to this goddess, signifying the earth, in all the Teutonic languages. Ten Great Religions An Essay in Comparative Theology In regard to the relation between the Veda and the Avesta the difference of views is too individual to have formed systems of interpretation on that basis alone. The Religions of India Handbooks on the History of Religions, Volume 1, Edited by Morris Jastrow The heroes and kings before him were known in the Avesta by the name Paoiryotkaesha, i. e. the men of the earliest custom, the earliest law. The History of Antiquity Vol. V. 2011-12-06T03:00:24.110Z The title "Zend Avesta" is an anomaly, for "Zend" is not the name of a language at all, but means "commentary," the word "Avesta" connoting the original text on which the commentary is written. The World's Greatest Books — Volume 13 — Religion and Philosophy But in the Pehlevi translations themselves, the original work of Zoroaster is spoken of as Avesta Zend. Chips From A German Workshop - Volume I Essays on the Science of Religion Gods of the Vedas are the evil spirits of the Avesta, 202. Ten Great Religions An Essay in Comparative Theology But in the Avesta, Ahura is the one great spirit, and his six spirits are plainly a protestant copy and modification of Varuna and his six underlings. The Religions of India Handbooks on the History of Religions, Volume 1, Edited by Morris Jastrow These are all the traits and pictures of the antiquity of East Iran, of any importance, which can be gathered from the remaining fragments of the Avesta. The History of Antiquity Vol. V. 2011-12-06T03:00:24.110Z This is much less esteemed than the Avesta proper. The World's Greatest Books — Volume 13 — Religion and Philosophy Avesta Zend was most likely a traditional name, hardly understood even at the time of the Pehlevi translators, who retained it in their writings. Chips From A German Workshop - Volume I Essays on the Science of Religion Only the germs of it are to be found in the elder books of the Avesta. Ten Great Religions An Essay in Comparative Theology When the circle is narrowed to that of the Indo-Iranian connection the similarity in religion between the Veda and Avesta becomes much more striking than in any other group, as has been shown. The Religions of India Handbooks on the History of Religions, Volume 1, Edited by Morris Jastrow The inscriptions of the Achæmenids prove that the doctrine of the Avesta was maintained among the Persians with even greater clearness and for a period more ancient. The History of Antiquity Vol. V. 2011-12-06T03:00:24.110Z The Apocryphal Avesta usually called the Khorda Avesta, or the short Avesta. The World's Greatest Books — Volume 13 — Religion and Philosophy That the Avesta, or the works of Zoroaster, must have been reduced to writing at least previously to Alexander's conquest. Chips From A German Workshop - Volume I Essays on the Science of Religion This primitive religion of the Aryan race diverged early in two directions, represented by the Veda and the Avesta. Ten Great Religions An Essay in Comparative Theology Can any one question that Vivasvant the 'wide gleaming' is sun or bright sky, as he is represented in the Avesta and Rig Veda? The Religions of India Handbooks on the History of Religions, Volume 1, Edited by Morris Jastrow That the economic civilisation was not behind the material was shown by indications in the Avesta. The History of Antiquity Vol. V. 2011-12-06T03:00:24.110Z It consists almost entirely of extracts from other parts of the Avesta, especially from the Yasnas. The World's Greatest Books — Volume 13 — Religion and Philosophy We do not mean to say anything disrespectful to Professor Spiegel, a scholar brimfull of learning, and one of the two or three men who know the Avesta by heart. Chips From A German Workshop - Volume I Essays on the Science of Religion On the other hand, the Ahuras, or gods, of the Avesta are Asuras, or demons, in the Vedic belief. Ten Great Religions An Essay in Comparative Theology This mode of purification is recommended in the Avesta, and is said to be used by the few remaining followers of this creed. Studies in the Psychology of Sex, Volume 5 Erotic Symbolism; The Mechanism of Detumescence; The Psychic State in Pregnancy Hence in the Avesta we again meet with the contest of the good spirits against Vritra, and in Iran also these spirits are opposed to the demons of blight. The History of Antiquity Vol. V. 2011-12-06T03:00:24.110Z In metre, vocabulary, and matter, the gathas prove themselves to be the oldest part of the Avesta. The World's Greatest Books — Volume 13 — Religion and Philosophy The Zend MSS. of the Avesta are very modern, so are the Hebrew MSS. of Genesis, which do not carry us beyond the tenth century after Christ. Chips From A German Workshop - Volume I Essays on the Science of Religion The whole of the Sáma-Veda is devoted to this moon-plant worship; an important part of the Avesta is occupied with hymns to Haŏma. Ten Great Religions An Essay in Comparative Theology The so-called Klein-Bessemerei, carried on at Avesta in Sweden for several years past, produces an exclusively soft, fibrous iron by the simple device of pouring slag and iron together into the ingot mould. Scientific American Supplement, No. 520, December 19, 1885 Another spirit which fights against the demons in the Avesta is called Çraosha. The History of Antiquity Vol. V. 2011-12-06T03:00:24.110Z The original Avesta, as described in Pahlavi text which have come down to us, contain twenty-one Nasks or books. The World's Greatest Books — Volume 13 — Religion and Philosophy The original Zoroastrian Avesta, according to tradition, was in itself a literature of vast dimensions. Library of the World's Best Literature, Ancient and Modern — Volume 3 "The language of the Avesta," says Max Müller, "is so much more primitive than the inscriptions of Darius, that many centuries must have passed between the two periods represented by these two strata of language132." Ten Great Religions An Essay in Comparative Theology The Russian bring to their task a mature study of Semitic languages and acquaintance with Avesta philology. Iranian Influence on Moslem Literature, Part I Among the Indians, as we saw, the priest who addresses the invocation to the god at the sacrifice is called Hotar; in the Avesta the Zaotar utters the prayers. The History of Antiquity Vol. V. 2011-12-06T03:00:24.110Z The Avesta which exists to-day may be divided thus:-- I. The strictly canonical parts, including the following, which will be more fully described in connection with the summaries. The World's Greatest Books — Volume 13 — Religion and Philosophy Whatever interest this division of the Avesta possesses lies entirely on the side of the ritual, and not in the field of literature. Library of the World's Best Literature, Ancient and Modern — Volume 3 The Avesta, then, is not a system of dogmatics, but a book of worship. Ten Great Religions An Essay in Comparative Theology "I have read in the book which has been translated from one of their books called Avesta," and so on Hamza proceeds regarding the beginning of creation. Iranian Influence on Moslem Literature, Part I Instead of the 815 chapters which the Avesta is said to have previously contained, the new canon amounted to only 348 chapters. The History of Antiquity Vol. V. 2011-12-06T03:00:24.110Z His conclusion was that the "Avesta" was a rhapsody of some modern Guebre. Sacred Books of the East Fragmentary and disjointed as are the remnants of the Avesta, we are fortunate in possessing even this moiety of the Bible of Zoroaster, whose compass is about one tenth that of our own sacred book. Library of the World's Best Literature, Ancient and Modern — Volume 3 In the Veda they are gods, in the Avesta evil spirits. Ten Great Religions An Essay in Comparative Theology Zoroaster composed the commentary on the Avesta which he called the Zend, and which in the eyes of his followers was revealed to him by God. Iranian Influence on Moslem Literature, Part I The importance which the Avesta ascribes to truthfulness will become clear hereafter. The History of Antiquity Vol. V. 2011-12-06T03:00:24.110Z A violent dispute broke out at once, as half the learned world denied the authenticity of this "Avesta," which it pronounced a forgery. Sacred Books of the East Some idea of the character of the Avesta as it now exists may be derived from the following sketch of its contents and from the illustrative selections presented:-- 1. Library of the World's Best Literature, Ancient and Modern — Volume 3 By perseverance and patience he succeeded in persuading the Destours, or priests, of these fire-worshippers, to teach him the Zend language and to furnish him with manuscripts of the Avesta. Ten Great Religions An Essay in Comparative Theology And the Persians start their assertion from the Book which was brought to them by Zaradusht and which was called Avesta. Iranian Influence on Moslem Literature, Part I Though Herodotus does not mention either the name of Zarathrustra or of Auramazda, what he says of the rites of the Medes and Persians agrees exactly with the rules given in the Avesta. The History of Antiquity Vol. V. 2011-12-06T03:00:24.110Z Anquetil had already tried to show, in a memoir on Plutarch, that the data of the "Avesta" fully agree with the account of the Magian religion given in the treatise on "Isis and Osiris." Sacred Books of the East The lines are metrical, as in fact they commonly are in the older parts of the Avesta, and the rhythm somewhat recalls the Kalevala verse of Longfellow's 'Hiawatha.' Library of the World's Best Literature, Ancient and Modern — Volume 3 A few passages, taken from different parts of the Zend Avesta, will best illustrate these tendencies, and show how unlike it is, in its whole spirit, to its sister, the Vedic liturgy. Ten Great Religions An Essay in Comparative Theology For this script is not confined to the language of the Avesta. Iranian Influence on Moslem Literature, Part I The forms of language preserved in the Avesta have not survived with sufficient distinctness to assist us in fixing the time at which it was written down. The History of Antiquity Vol. V. 2011-12-06T03:00:24.110Z Thus he succeeded in tracing the general outlines of the Zend lexicon and in fixing its grammatical forms, and founded the only correct method of interpreting the "Avesta." Sacred Books of the East Tradition is unanimous on one point at least: it is that the original Avesta comprised twenty-one Nasks, or books, a statement which there is no good reason to doubt. Library of the World's Best Literature, Ancient and Modern — Volume 3 If, in taking up the Zend Avesta, we expect to find a system of theology or philosophy, we shall be disappointed. Ten Great Religions An Essay in Comparative Theology The mythical tales which in their crude nascent forms were already there at the period of the Avesta were in course of time richly developed and under the Sasanides were no doubt universally known. Iranian Influence on Moslem Literature, Part I That the Arians of Iran were not without gods and religious worship before Zarathrustra, if the fact needed proof, might be shown from the statements in the Avesta regarding the time previous to Zarathrustra. The History of Antiquity Vol. V. 2011-12-06T03:00:24.110Z The theologians appealed to the "Avesta," in their polemics, and Rhode sketched the religious history of Persia after the translations of Anquetil. Sacred Books of the East These Gathas form the oldest part of the entire canon of the Avesta. Library of the World's Best Literature, Ancient and Modern — Volume 3 All this points at the great Iranic religion, the religion of Persia and its monarchs for many centuries, the religion of which Zoroaster was the great prophet, and the Avesta the sacred book. Ten Great Religions An Essay in Comparative Theology He shares with Professor Browne of Cambridge and the great M. Blochet a unique scholarly position: he combines an intimate knowledge of Avesta civilization with a familiarity with classical Arabic. Iranian Influence on Moslem Literature, Part I In the Avesta, as we saw, Verethragna also appears in the form of the wind. The History of Antiquity Vol. V. 2011-12-06T03:00:24.110Z From the time when Anquetil had published his translation, that is to say during seventy years, no real progress had been made in knowledge of the Avesta texts. Sacred Books of the East The exact meaning of the name "Avesta" is not certain; it may perhaps signify "law," "text," or, more doubtfully, "wisdom," "revelation." Library of the World's Best Literature, Ancient and Modern — Volume 3 With one hundred and eighty valuable manuscripts he returned to Europe, and published, in 1771, his great work,—the Avesta translated into French, with notes and dissertations. Ten Great Religions An Essay in Comparative Theology The Zend Avesta is of great but uncertain antiquity; believed to be three thousand years old. Voices for the Speechless In the Gathas of the Avesta the spirit who keeps watch over the increase of the flocks speaks to the heavenly powers, saying: "All creatures are distressed; whom have ye for their assistance?" The History of Antiquity Vol. V. 2011-12-06T03:00:24.110Z Another stanch upholder of the "Avesta" was the numismatologist Tychsen, who, having begun to read the book with a prejudice against its authenticity, quitted it with a conviction to the contrary. Sacred Books of the East The original Avesta was, it would appear, a sort of encyclopaedic work; not of religion alone, but of useful knowledge relating to law, to the arts, science, the professions, and to every-day life. Library of the World's Best Literature, Ancient and Modern — Volume 3 The Dews or Daêvas of the Avesta are demons, in the Vedas they are gods. Ten Great Religions An Essay in Comparative Theology It remained for Anquetil Duperron, a young Frenchman, a Persian scholar, to translate the Zend Avesta, which contains the teachings of Zoroaster, and may be called the Parsee bible. Modern India We were able definitely to ascertain from the fragments of the Avesta that it arose in the east of Iran; the districts of the north-east are especially prominent in it. The History of Antiquity Vol. V. 2011-12-06T03:00:24.110Z However, his judgment on the "Avesta" itself was not altered on the whole, although, as he himself declared, he had not thought it necessary to study the text. Sacred Books of the East For readers who are interested in the subject there are several translations of the Avesta. Library of the World's Best Literature, Ancient and Modern — Volume 3 We find in the Avesta, and in the oldest portion of it, the tendencies which resulted afterward in the elaborate theories of the Bundehesch. Ten Great Religions An Essay in Comparative Theology No one I think can read the Avestas without being impressed by the prominence there given to the subjects of temperance and virtue. The God-Idea of the Ancients or Sex in Religion Among the heroes of the ancient time and the spirits of the pious who are invoked in the prayers of the Avesta, the immortal part of King Vistaçpa is repeatedly invoked besides Zarathrustra and Frashaostra. The History of Antiquity Vol. V. 2011-12-06T03:00:24.110Z For a legendary view of magic in Media, see the Zend Avesta, part i, p. History of the Warfare of Science with Theology in Christendom In the Avesta he is called the twin-brother of the Holy Spirits, and contrasted either with the Holy Spirit of Ormazd or with Ormazd himself. The Project Gutenberg Encyclopedia Volume 1 of 28 Few remains of antiquity," he remarks, "have undergone such attentive examination as the books of the Zend Avesta. Ten Great Religions An Essay in Comparative Theology In the Khordah Avesta, praise is offered to "the Moon which contains the seed of cattle, to the only begotten Bull, to the Bull of many kinds." The God-Idea of the Ancients or Sex in Religion The Avesta speaks not only of the good way of Vohumano, but also of his acts, his dwelling, and his kingdom. The History of Antiquity Vol. V. 2011-12-06T03:00:24.110Z In the Zend Avesta were found in earlier form sundry myths and legends which, judging from their frequent appearance in early religions, grow naturally about the history of the adored teachers of our race. History of the Warfare of Science with Theology in Christendom Later the term was enlarged to cover the great literary works of other ancient nations; so that the Bible and the Avestas, as well as the Iliad and the Aeneid, are called classics. English Literature Its History and Its Significance for the Life of the English Speaking World Our remaining fragments of the Zend Avesta say nothing of the periods of three thousand years' duration. Ten Great Religions An Essay in Comparative Theology In the Khordah Avesta we have the following concerning the doctrine of the resurrection and that of future rewards and punishments. The God-Idea of the Ancients or Sex in Religion It is in harmony with these tendencies to abstraction that, according to other passages of the Avesta, heaven is filled with a multitude of the most lifeless personifications of ideas and realities. The History of Antiquity Vol. V. 2011-12-06T03:00:24.110Z See reference to Jackson's paper on "the ancient Persians' abhorrence of falsehood, illustrated from the Avesta," in Journal of Am. A Lie Never Justifiable In the Vedas--the Hindu books--the powers of Nature are gods; in the Avesta they are spirits, or servants of the Supreme. Beacon Lights of History, Volume 01 The Old Pagan Civilizations The whole religion of the Avesta revolves around the person of Zoroaster, or Zarathustra. Ten Great Religions An Essay in Comparative Theology Throughout the Avesta the most desirable possession, and that which is most praised, is purity of life. The God-Idea of the Ancients or Sex in Religion The Avesta is filled with similar conceptions, though less poetical in form. The History of Antiquity Vol. V. 2011-12-06T03:00:24.110Z In the Avesta itself, with its ancient traditions, much can be found. The Persian Literature, Comprising The Shah Nameh, The Rubaiyat, The Divan, and The Gulistan, Volume 1 But in the course of time the Avesta was subjected to many additions and interpretations, called the Zend, which show degeneracy. Beacon Lights of History, Volume 01 The Old Pagan Civilizations The following passages are from the oldest part of the Avesta, the Gâthâs:— "Good is the thought, good the speech, good the work of the pure Zarathustra." Ten Great Religions An Essay in Comparative Theology The fourth book was the Avesta of Zoroaster—a collection of MSS. stitched together, and exquisitely rendered by Parse devas into the Zend language. The Prince of India — Volume 01 The forms and views, which are found to agree in the Avesta and Rigveda, we have already established, with complete certainty, to be the ancient possession of the Arians of Iran. The History of Antiquity Vol. V. 2011-12-06T03:00:24.110Z That is true," said the voice of Abgarus; "every faithful disciple of Zoroaster knows the prophecy of the Avesta, and carries the word in his heart. The Blue Flower There entered into the Avesta old Chaldaean traditions. Beacon Lights of History, Volume 01 The Old Pagan Civilizations It has no Avesta, no Vedas, no Koran. Ten Great Religions An Essay in Comparative Theology Even on this showing, the Iliad and Odyssey appear as the oldest existing specimens of Aryan literature, save perhaps the hymns of the Rig-Veda and the sacred books of the Avesta. Myths and myth-makers: Old Tales and Superstitions Interpreted by Comparative Mythology In the Avesta a part of them have simply the name of the spirits of deception, of the Druj. The History of Antiquity Vol. V. 2011-12-06T03:00:24.110Z Even after all that has been advanced by De Harlez, "Avesta," p. The History of Antiquity Vol. V. 2011-12-06T03:00:24.110Z "From the sun," says the Avesta, "are all things sought that can be desired." Beacon Lights of History, Volume 01 The Old Pagan Civilizations The doctrine of Zoroaster and of the Zend Avesta is far nobler. Ten Great Religions An Essay in Comparative Theology The preservation of life also receives great attention in the Avesta. The History of Antiquity Vol. V. 2011-12-06T03:00:24.110Z Nor can any certain conclusions be drawn from the condition of political and social life shown in the Avesta. The History of Antiquity Vol. V. 2011-12-06T03:00:24.110Z In this way the legend of Sejestan is woven into the closest connection with the legend of the Avesta. The History of Antiquity Vol. V. 2011-12-06T03:00:24.110Z The old Bactrian tongue in which the Avesta was composed became practically a dead language. Beacon Lights of History, Volume 01 The Old Pagan Civilizations Relation of the Religion of the Zend Avesta to that of the Vedas§ 9. Ten Great Religions An Essay in Comparative Theology It takes its name from the metropolis Ragha, a city on the southern foot of Elburz, mentioned both in the Avesta and the inscriptions. The History of Antiquity Vol. V. 2011-12-06T03:00:24.110Z As the club of Indra belongs in the Avesta to Mithra, so is Verethraghna his companion. The History of Antiquity Vol. V. 2011-12-06T03:00:24.110Z Here also we find traces of the Avesta underlying the poem. The History of Antiquity Vol. V. 2011-12-06T03:00:24.110Z The power of the descendants of Feridun is extinguished with Naudar, from whose sons "the splendour of the royal majesty shines no longer;" thus does Firdusi repeat the metaphor current in the Avesta. The History of Antiquity Vol. V. 2011-12-06T03:00:24.110Z Is Monotheism or pure Dualism the Doctrine of the Zend Avesta§ 10. Ten Great Religions An Essay in Comparative Theology He adds: Among the Persians it was forbidden to speak of that which it was forbidden to do; the Avesta requires truth "in thought, speech, and action." The History of Antiquity Vol. V. 2011-12-06T03:00:24.110Z The same custom and deity are found in the Avesta, only the name has become Haoma, according to the phonetic laws of the Bactrian language. The History of Antiquity Vol. V. 2011-12-06T03:00:24.110Z In the Avesta therefore rules can be given for the invocation of this pure part and nature of the individual soul, of the separate Fravashis. The History of Antiquity Vol. V. 2011-12-06T03:00:24.110Z In the form in which we have them the books of the Avesta are the work of the priests of Eastern Iran. The History of Antiquity Vol. V. 2011-12-06T03:00:24.110Z The Duad, with the Monad brooding behind it, is the fundamental principle of the Avesta. Ten Great Religions An Essay in Comparative Theology The Avesta says: "He who does not restore that which has been borrowed, seeks day and night to deceive the creditor." The History of Antiquity Vol. V. 2011-12-06T03:00:24.110Z As filth defiles the body, so, according to the Avesta, does a lie defile the soul. The History of Antiquity Vol. V. 2011-12-06T03:00:24.110Z The Avesta repeatedly declares "that purity after birth is the best thing for men." The History of Antiquity Vol. V. 2011-12-06T03:00:24.110Z We have already set forth in detail what weight the Avesta lays on purity, and the avoidance of contact with dead matter, which has fallen into the power of the Daevas. The History of Antiquity Vol. V. 2011-12-06T03:00:24.110Z In the current theology, this dualism has been so emphasized as even to exceed that of the Zend Avesta. Ten Great Religions An Essay in Comparative Theology The Avesta speaks of great and intermediate houses, of important and unimportant inhabitants of the villages. The History of Antiquity Vol. V. 2011-12-06T03:00:24.110Z According to the Avesta the utensils for this sacrifice—the mortar, cup and bundle of twigs—were found in every house. The History of Antiquity Vol. V. 2011-12-06T03:00:24.110Z The rules concerning purity and purification, the expiations and penances necessary to avert the Daevas, which we possess in the Vendidad of the Avesta, are only the remnant of a far more comprehensive law. The History of Antiquity Vol. V. 2011-12-06T03:00:24.110Z The preservation and increase of life is the foundation of the teaching of the Avesta. The History of Antiquity Vol. V. 2011-12-06T03:00:24.110Z The Ayrans, long before the age of the Vedas or the Zend Avesta, were living as a pastoral people on the great plains east of the Caspian Sea. Ten Great Religions An Essay in Comparative Theology The Avesta always speaks of one wife only. The History of Antiquity Vol. V. 2011-12-06T03:00:24.110Z This doctrine of the Avesta also was well known to the western world. The History of Antiquity Vol. V. 2011-12-06T03:00:24.110Z In the Avesta Kava Uça offers sacrifice, in order to obtain the dominion over men and Daevas, and this favour is granted to him. The History of Antiquity Vol. V. 2011-12-06T03:00:24.110Z In the Avesta the Athravas had sketched the ideal picture of the correct conduct pleasing to Auramazda in every department of life. The History of Antiquity Vol. V. 2011-12-06T03:00:24.110Z The people of Iran receive this same appellation in the Zend Avesta, with the same meaning of honorable. Ten Great Religions An Essay in Comparative Theology Yet even in the Avesta the Soma is offered to Verethraghna before the battle, as in the Veda it is offered to Indra. The History of Antiquity Vol. V. 2011-12-06T03:00:24.110Z It has been proved that the Avesta was in existence before Alexander overthrew the kingdom of the Achæmenids. The History of Antiquity Vol. V. 2011-12-06T03:00:24.110Z The pure waters, the well-flowing, the waters of the springs, pools, and rivers are often mentioned in the Avesta and highly extolled. The History of Antiquity Vol. V. 2011-12-06T03:00:24.110Z As with the Arians in India, so in the Avesta, the great waters are placed high up in the sky. The History of Antiquity Vol. V. 2011-12-06T03:00:24.110Z Christianity compared with the Avesta and the Eddas. Ten Great Religions An Essay in Comparative Theology The detailed form in which this idea is presented to us in the Avesta will be given below. The History of Antiquity Vol. V. 2011-12-06T03:00:24.110Z In the Avesta also the water of the sky is the source and origin of the waters on earth. The History of Antiquity Vol. V. 2011-12-06T03:00:24.110Z It is a remarkable fact that the evil spirits in the Avesta bear the name of Daevas. The History of Antiquity Vol. V. 2011-12-06T03:00:24.110Z The fragments of the Avesta which have been preserved do not give us very full information on the sacrifices. The History of Antiquity Vol. V. 2011-12-06T03:00:24.110Z Relation of the religion of the Avesta to the Vedas, 201. Ten Great Religions An Essay in Comparative Theology Finally, the wavering position which Auramazda takes up in the Avesta towards the old deities, shows that he is of later origin. The History of Antiquity Vol. V. 2011-12-06T03:00:24.110Z In the Avesta we have before us the faithful expression of the ancient Iranian faith. The History of Antiquity Vol. V. 2011-12-06T03:00:24.110Z The answers which the priesthood of Iran gave to all the questions which successively arose have been collected in the Avesta. The History of Antiquity Vol. V. 2011-12-06T03:00:24.110Z Of such interpretations and prophesying on the part of the priests the Avesta knows nothing, and those Greeks who were better informed, warmly contested the assertion that the Magians were occupied with such things. The History of Antiquity Vol. V. 2011-12-06T03:00:24.110Z In speaking of the Vedas and the Avesta we said that in such hymns and liturgies the truest belief of a nation can be found. Ten Great Religions An Essay in Comparative Theology In the East the calendar of the Avesta was in use; and this seems to have been current in the West also in the first half of the fourth century B.C. The History of Antiquity Vol. V. 2011-12-06T03:00:24.110Z In the Avesta Mithra is still in direct conflict with the evil spirits, from which in the Veda he is displaced by the storm-god, who first came into prominence in the Panjab. The History of Antiquity Vol. V. 2011-12-06T03:00:24.110Z Proceeding from precisely the same conceptions, the Avesta went on to fill several books with medical remedies. The History of Antiquity Vol. V. 2011-12-06T03:00:24.110Z From our fragments we cannot so much as fix the year by which the Avesta reckons. The History of Antiquity Vol. V. 2011-12-06T03:00:24.110Z Yet only in the Avesta is this great principle of evil set forth in full antagonism against the powers of light and love. Ten Great Religions An Essay in Comparative Theology This view is supported by the great importance which the Avesta ascribes to truthfulness, in the decisive value given to this virtue for the purity of the soul, and the identification of purity with truthfulness. The History of Antiquity Vol. V. 2011-12-06T03:00:24.110Z The deity of the water of the sky is in the Avesta the most beneficent of the goddesses; the source of water is also the source of fruitfulness and life. The History of Antiquity Vol. V. 2011-12-06T03:00:24.110Z The only bond of union between the new god and the old gods in the Avesta is the fact that Auramazda is made the creator of the old gods, and even of Mithra. The History of Antiquity Vol. V. 2011-12-06T03:00:24.110Z The penalties also which have to be paid in expiation of certain offences are to be given to "the pure men," and the Avesta repeatedly recommends the presentation of gifts to them. The History of Antiquity Vol. V. 2011-12-06T03:00:24.110Z The essential truth in the Avesta and the Eddas is the same. Ten Great Religions An Essay in Comparative Theology These regulations of the Avesta were fully accepted in the West. The History of Antiquity Vol. V. 2011-12-06T03:00:24.110Z The importance which the Avesta ascribes to the cultivation of the land, we may regard as a prominent trait of the reform, as an essential part of its ethical importance. The History of Antiquity Vol. V. 2011-12-06T03:00:24.110Z The Avesta distinguishes different classes of priests, but the distinction only rests on the various acts which they perform in the sacred rites. The History of Antiquity Vol. V. 2011-12-06T03:00:24.110Z On the other hand, the worship of the sun-god appears but faintly in the Avesta—in our fragments at any rate. The History of Antiquity Vol. V. 2011-12-06T03:00:24.110Z Temples and images are unknown to the Avesta. The History of Antiquity Vol. V. 2011-12-06T03:00:24.110Z For the expiation of sins the Avesta universally requires the killing of serpents, lizards, and ants; rats and mice, which do harm to the crops; flies, midges, fleas, lice, and other vermin. The History of Antiquity Vol. V. 2011-12-06T03:00:24.110Z Beside warriors and priests the Avesta knows only the agricultural class. The History of Antiquity Vol. V. 2011-12-06T03:00:24.110Z The Avesta told us above that the wife must be watched. The History of Antiquity Vol. V. 2011-12-06T03:00:24.110Z The protection of property is obviously a matter of great importance in the Avesta. The History of Antiquity Vol. V. 2011-12-06T03:00:24.110Z In the view of the Avesta impurity consists essentially in that which is opposed to life; hence there is no worse form of uncleanness than that caused by the corpse. The History of Antiquity Vol. V. 2011-12-06T03:00:24.110Z According to the Avesta Vistaçpa has given his support and protection to the law, has set up the law in the world, and given it a high position, and made the path broad for purity. The History of Antiquity Vol. V. 2011-12-06T03:00:24.110Z The invocation of Mithra in the Avesta, given above, showed us that the Arians of Iran recognised in this deity the spirit of purity, the inevitable avenger of injustice. The History of Antiquity Vol. V. 2011-12-06T03:00:24.110Z We know the importance ascribed in the Avesta to the number seven—the seven supreme deities, and the seven girdles of the earth. The History of Antiquity Vol. V. 2011-12-06T03:00:24.110Z
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