| 单词 | participle |
| 例句 | I'm sure she'll find a way to point out my dangling participles and awkward syntax. Hattie Big Sky 2006-09-26T00:00:00Z If so, you are a victim of the spurious rule about so-called fused participles. The Sense of Style 2014-09-04T00:00:00Z Factum, the neuter past participle, means ‘that which has been done’. The Invention of Science 2015-09-17T00:00:00Z In the classroom we all learned past participles, but in the streets and in our homes the Blacks learned to drop s’s from plurals and suffixes from past-tense verbs. I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings 1969-01-01T00:00:00Z At one time, everyone agreed that the verb get had two past participles: got and gotten. Woe Is I 1996-01-01T00:00:00Z Many participles have turned into prepositions, such as according, allowing, barring, concerning, considering, excepting, excluding, failing, following, given, granted, including, owing, regarding, and respecting, and they don’t need subjects at all. The Sense of Style 2014-09-04T00:00:00Z In this case, we want the first coordinate to be headed by a participle, so that it matches/reed him in the second. The Sense of Style 2014-09-04T00:00:00Z Unfusing a participle can make a sentence clumsy or pretentious: Any alleged evils of capitalism are simply the result of people’s being free to choose. The Sense of Style 2014-09-04T00:00:00Z A substantial majority of the AHD Usage Panel accept the so-called fused participle, not just in these complicated sentences but in simple ones like I can understand him not wanting to go. The Sense of Style 2014-09-04T00:00:00Z It was only a singular noun, from a past participle in French, meaning “chosen”; from the same root as “to elect”. The world has become obsessed with elites 2016-12-15T05:00:00Z The beautifully-paced last line summarises and completes the imagined scenario, but leaves the poem still in motion, ending as it began, with the present participle of a verb. Poem of the week: In a Garden by Amy Lowell 2013-07-29T10:12:18Z “Word Crimes,” meanwhile, is likely to be shared a lot on Facebook by the kinds of people who worry about the Oxford comma or gag at the sight of dangling participles. Weird Al Yankovic Endures 2014-07-16T04:00:00Z "Nighing" is a curious archaism: it's not even a particularly melodious word, but perhaps the fact that it rhymes with another present participle that the poem resists, "sighing", underlies its haunting effect. Poem of the week: When summer's end is nighing by AE Housman 2011-08-15T08:46:43Z Present participles enhance the poem's momentum, the syntax is loosened, and the reader shares the speaker's experience of watching, though car-windows, a flow of moving images. Poem of the week: Autobiography Without Pronouns by Tiffany Atkinson 2013-04-08T10:09:25Z “To bald” may not be a common intransitive verb, but that has not prevented “balding” from entering the language as a participle. Dropped Hyphens, Split Infinitives, and Other Thrilling Developments from the 2019 American Copy Editors Society Conference 2019-04-02T04:00:00Z The offending syllable is right in the titles of two of the songs, deployed as an imperative by Cee Lo Green and as an adverbial participle by Pink. On the Pop Charts, Singing the Unspeakable 2011-03-15T16:00:06Z In writing, as in speaking, she often dropped the “-ed” in past participles. The Countess and the Schoolboy 2017-06-06T04:00:00Z “Spinto” — the past participle of the Italian verb spingere, “to push” — describes roles that demand both the silvery fluidity of a lyric singer and the dark power of a dramatic one. Frances Ginsberg, American Soprano, Dies at 55 2010-12-29T04:21:11Z One slightly less endearing feature of Dunthorne's contemporary voice, however, is his strict avoidance of the present participle when using the verbs "to stand" or "to sit". Wild Abandon by Joe Dunthorne ? review 2011-07-29T21:58:00Z Dederer is continually trying — not in the adjectival sense, but as the present participle: showing us her thought process, correcting as she goes and experimenting with different forms. Face to Face With Culture’s ‘Monsters’ 2023-04-23T04:00:00Z It's not just 'What is a gerund or a past participle?' Why the tale of Achilles and his lover still has the power to move us 2012-06-02T23:06:04Z Norris shares her views on spelling, punctuation, dangling participles and troublesome pronouns, providing apt illustrations from an editing life. ‘Between You & Me,’ by Mary Norris 2015-04-14T04:00:00Z But in a world of coarse discourse, why not create a little common ground by parsing past participles? This Grammar Guru Will Solve the World’s Problems 2018-11-20T05:00:00Z If you were to turn “Taipei” into a word cloud, here’s what you’d end up with: adjectives like “stranded,” “disengaged” and “fetal”; verbs like “dispersed” and “cringing”; past participles like “alienated,” “muffled,” “depleted” and “doomed.” Books of The Times: ‘Taipei,’ by Tao Lin 2013-06-04T12:00:01Z Prepositions, participles, who and whom and more are the focus of the new documentary "Grammar Revolution." For grammar geeks: 'Grammar Revolution' the documentary 2014-10-01T04:00:00Z Dongling participle: “Beneath my desk, tied in knots and encased in rubber, I couldn’t untangle the adapter cords from the headphones.” Style Invitational Week 1311: Nextra! Nextra! 2018-12-20T05:00:00Z I don't really know what an adverb is. A dangling participle? Colum McCann: a life in writing 2013-05-25T07:30:01Z As with dangling participles, it's about saying what you mean. Grammar rules everyone should follow 2013-05-09T13:56:00Z Dr. Hussein came over to rescue us from white space and dangling participles. Stories from a revolution: The beauty of leaderless Tahrir Square 2015-07-19T04:00:00Z When the case was argued, a government lawyer told the justices that the term was “the equivalent of the past participle form of the paradigmatic profane word in our culture.” Supreme Court to Decide ‘Trump Too Small’ Trademark Dispute 2023-06-05T04:00:00Z Ontos is the Greek participle from the verb “to be” and means “being.” Introduction to Philosophy 2022-06-15T00:00:00Z Correct French would not have used the infinitive “tuer,” but rather the past participle, ending with an “e” to agree with the female writer, Ms. Marchal. A Socialite, a Gardener, a Message in Blood: The Murder That Still Grips France 2021-11-20T05:00:00Z He once sent her a brief memo dedicated entirely to the misuse of present participles. Rare Raymond Chandler essay includes writing, office tips 2021-04-22T04:00:00Z The word “confit” is the French past participle of the verb “to preserve.” You can make sublime duck confit without fancy techniques or expensive fat. Here’s how. 2021-02-23T05:00:00Z “This was not a gray area: a participle properly modified a noun or it didn’t,” Curwen said. Kathy Gosnell, veteran L.A. Times copy editor who perfected the paper's signature stories, dies at 75 2020-12-08T05:00:00Z Lately I’ve been doing a deep dive into the origins of English grammar, specifically the difference between past participle and present perfect. Opinion | Honest Apologies for Why I Couldn’t Talk During Quarantine 2020-04-23T04:00:00Z Investigators also found other examples of her writing with the same past participle mistake. A Socialite, a Gardener, a Message in Blood: The Murder That Still Grips France 2021-11-20T05:00:00Z From that innocent present participle “encouraging” a mighty fountain sprang. The Intoxicating History of Gin 2019-12-02T05:00:00Z He is one of the three writers credited on Too Late for Love, none of whom seem to know how to use the past participle of light correctly. Around Eurovision in 20 lyrics 2019-05-12T04:00:00Z Malcolm L. Stewart, a lawyer for the federal government, had come prepared with an elaborate circumlocution, calling the word “the equivalent of the past participle form of the paradigmatic profane word in our culture.” A Vulgar Term Goes Unmentioned as It Gets Its Day in Court 2019-04-15T04:00:00Z The lawyers and justices managed to debate the issue for an hour without uttering the disputed word, which Deputy Solicitor Gen. Malcolm Stewart referred to as the “past participle” version of a well-known profanity. Supreme Court debates whether FUCT clothing line can trademark its name 2019-04-15T04:00:00Z The first word, an “-ing” participle, begins with “c” and the second, a noun, begins with “f.” Mika Brzezinsk anti-gay slur creates MSNBC news problem 2018-12-13T05:00:00Z And while clean-up efforts are helpful in addressing litter problems, they can’t begin to touch the problems created by microplastics – the tiny participles of plastic that now permeate our waterways and broader environment. Our plastic pollution crisis is too big for recycling to fix | Annie Leonard 2018-06-09T04:00:00Z Yet it is the original English participle, replaced later in Britain by “got”. Fears of British English’s disappearance are overblown 2017-07-20T04:00:00Z Every now and then we have to disregard the serial comma, or leave our participles dangling, even in the rudest way. So you want to be a writer? Essential tips for aspiring novelists 2017-05-13T04:00:00Z A grammarian would call that flub a fused participle—which sounds ominous, like what a coroner would write on the death certificate after a nude welding accident. How to Write Like Antonin Scalia 2016-07-08T04:00:00Z On the other hand, “sown” is the first choice for the past participle of this verb. Here's Someone You Never Heard of. Read On. 1453-09-24T05:00:00Z The headlines that “win,” according to Spartz’s testing algorithm, are usually hyperbolic, and many of them begin with dangling participles or end with prepositions. King of Clickbait | The New Yorker 2014-12-29T05:00:00Z “Clad” is a past participle form and is not used as a transitive verb in this sense. Tricky Little Things 2014-12-23T05:00:00Z These two modifying constructions — a participle phrase and a relative clause — are not parallel and so should not be linked by “and.” The Stranger in the Story 2014-12-09T05:00:00Z The participle dangles, the Freudian slips and they are self-identified as their own most loyal fans. Remembering a World War II hero at Arlington National Cemetery It turned out that Pinker, who is also a celebrated linguist, had quoted her rare use of the past participle “stridden” to illustrate a grammatical point. Rebecca Newberger Goldstein: ‘Science is our best answer, but it takes a philosophical argument to prove that’ 2014-10-19T04:00:00Z One simple fix would be to use a different participle, e.g., Ugly Disagreements 2014-10-07T04:00:00Z Many participles have turned into prepositions, such as "according", "allowing", "concerning", "considering", "excepting", "following", "given", "granted", "owing", "regarding" and "respecting", and they don't need subjects at all. Steven Pinker: 10 'grammar rules' it's OK to break (sometimes) 2014-08-15T04:00:00Z She said that dangling participles and the passive voice were persistent problems. Carol Loomis, Editor for Warren Buffett, Leaves Job After 60 Years 2014-07-03T04:00:00Z Jonny Wilkinson dislikes the past participle "dropped goal" so much that he went through his autobiography and replaced every one with the noun "drop goal". 10 things we didn't know last week 2014-06-06T04:00:00Z A dangling participle is a type of misplaced modifier involving a participle. 10 questions on grammar 2013-05-13T23:56:09Z Translating from Carroll's dialect of rapid-fire speech, incomplete sentences and dangling participles is difficult. Reading between the lines: Pete Carroll and Kellen Winslow 2012-09-06T13:14:49Z Among the many challenges of writing is dealing with rules of correct usage: whether to worry about split infinitives, fused participles, and the meanings of words such as "fortuitous", "decimate" and "comprise". Steven Pinker: 10 'grammar rules' it's OK to break (sometimes) 2014-08-15T04:00:00Z Only Kipling, I think, and that is an accident of the participle. The curse of a ridiculous name 2012-07-06T16:14:50Z He was not a drunken man himself; for the passive participle of the verb to "drink" was not often actually applicable to his condition. The Smuggler: (Vol's I-III) A Tale 2012-04-26T02:00:10.260Z To use "was" requires the participle "sitting" after it.It's misplaced modifier. 10 questions on grammar 2013-05-13T23:56:09Z I don't think the present participle is any longer applicable. The Tree of Knowledge A Novel 2012-04-05T02:00:35.603Z This participle is passive in origin, and must be construed passively. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 13, Slice 4 "Hero" to "Hindu Chronology" 2012-04-04T02:00:56.447Z Middle participles are of the first and second declensions and may be recognized by the syllable —μεν—. A Greek Primer For Beginners in New Testament Greek 2012-03-30T02:00:17.703Z This form of expression is now for the most part obsolete, the a being omitted and the verbal substantive treated as a participle. Webster's Unabridged Dictionary 2012-03-24T02:00:23.513Z Fallen subjunctive Misplaced modifier Dangling participle It's the third one. 10 questions on grammar 2013-05-13T23:56:09Z It is also used with the past participle of many intransitive verbs to express a state of the subject. Webster's Unabridged Dictionary (2nd 100 Pages) 2012-03-24T02:00:19.387Z The third person is formed as in Braj Bhasha, but the first and second persons are formed by adding pronominal suffixes, meaning “by me,” “by thee,” &c., to the future passive participle. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 13, Slice 4 "Hero" to "Hindu Chronology" 2012-04-04T02:00:56.447Z The Greek present participle does not, however, necessarily imply a pursuit now going on, but an habitual or characteristic pursuit, that by which the agent was known and designated: “Let the thief no longer steal!” The Expositor's Bible: Ephesians 2012-03-20T02:00:11.133Z Sprat. µ According to has been called a prepositional phrase, but strictly speaking, according is a participle in the sense of agreeing, acceding, and to alone is the preposition. Webster's Unabridged Dictionary 2012-03-24T02:00:23.513Z We have the adjective "infortun�," which looks much like a participle. Notes and Queries, Vol. IV, Number 104, October 25, 1851 A Medium of Inter-communication for Literary Men, Artists, Antiquaries, Genealogists, etc. 2012-02-20T03:00:18.340Z Dryden. µ In the passive form of this verb, the best modern usage restricts the past participle born to the sense of brought forth, while borne is used in the other senses of the word. Webster's Unabridged Dictionary (2nd 100 Pages) 2012-03-24T02:00:19.387Z A few examples of the use of the present and past participles will show the construction. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 13, Slice 4 "Hero" to "Hindu Chronology" 2012-04-04T02:00:56.447Z Accordingly, we take the participle ἀποθέμενοι to signify not what the readers are to do, but what they had done in renouncing heathenism. The Expositor's Bible: Ephesians 2012-03-20T02:00:11.133Z A word used to modify the sense of a verb, participle, adjective, or other adverb, and usually placed near it; as, he writes well; paper extremely white. Webster's Unabridged Dictionary 2012-03-24T02:00:23.513Z And English verb forms, like past participles, gerunds and infinitives, can be difficult to master, since Chinese verbs are unchanging. International Students Pay Top Dollar at U.S. Colleges 2012-02-04T23:32:18Z In the active form, borne alone is used as the past participle. Webster's Unabridged Dictionary (2nd 100 Pages) 2012-03-24T02:00:19.387Z The last remark leads us to a class of tenses in P. and W.H., in which a participle, by itself, can be employed for any person of a finite tense. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 13, Slice 4 "Hero" to "Hindu Chronology" 2012-04-04T02:00:56.447Z Despite the grammatical involution of the style here carried to an extreme, and underneath the apparatus of Greek pronouns and participles, there is a fine Hebraistic lilt pervading the doxology. The Expositor's Bible: Ephesians 2012-03-20T02:00:11.133Z To correspond in gender, number, case, or person. µ The auxiliary forms of to be are often employed with the participle agreed. Webster's Unabridged Dictionary 2012-03-24T02:00:23.513Z This -l- participle is typical of most of the languages of the outer band, including Marathi, Oriya, Bengali, Bihari and Assamese. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 12, Slice 6 "Groups, Theory of" to "Gwyniad" 2011-12-16T03:00:12.320Z Let’s give even those children who can’t identify a “dangling participle” a chance to make it through elementary school. Choking on the Common Core Standards 2011-12-04T09:00:00Z The subject must be put into the case of the agent, and the participle inflects to agree with the object. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 13, Slice 4 "Hero" to "Hindu Chronology" 2012-04-04T02:00:56.447Z He resumes the exhortation in a form slightly changed and with rising emphasis, passing from the participle to the finite verb: “And take the helmet of salvation.” The Expositor's Bible: Ephesians 2012-03-20T02:00:11.133Z They also make the dative plural of the third declension in -εσσι, and the perfect participle active is declined like a present participle in -ων. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 12, Slice 4 "Grasshopper" to "Greek Language" 2011-11-28T03:00:19.517Z But here again he markedly improved the first version, which was a monotonous recital of dry facts, starting with a legal "Whereas" and beginning each article with a clumsy participle. Thomas Jefferson The Apostle of Americanism 2011-11-23T03:00:55.563Z Exercise 202—Dangling Expressions Sometimes a sentence is not clear because it contains a participle which does not modify anything in the sentence. Business English A Practice Book 2011-11-19T03:00:25.507Z Each uncompounded verb has its participles, when irregular, placed after it. Chambers's Twentieth Century Dictionary (part 1 of 4: A-D) 2011-10-11T02:01:08.990Z Hence we have such names as Bulling, Burning, Canning, Gambling, Halling, Harding, Hopping, Loving, Manning, Swearing, Telling, Walking, Willing, some of which have been popularly supposed to be from the present participle. Surnames as a Science 2011-09-26T02:00:27.097Z Then we have four clauses, evidently co-ordinate, each beginning with a participle, and together presenting an analysis of this worthy walk. The Expositor's Bible: Colossians and Philemon 2011-09-09T02:01:07.157Z A minor mannerism of Whittier is his frequent use of the present participle in ing, with the verb to be; "is flowing," "is shining," etc. John Greenleaf Whittier His Life, Genius, and Writings 2011-08-26T02:00:22.667Z Sometimes a noun or pronoun is used with a participle to express an adverbial relation. Business English A Practice Book 2011-11-19T03:00:25.507Z Eng. also g passed into a y sound; hence the old prefix ge of the past participle appears only as y in yclept and the like. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 11, Slice 4 "G" to "Gaskell, Elizabeth" 2011-08-24T02:00:20.690Z The preferable form of the participle is got. A Foreword to the Panama-Pacific International Exposition 2011-08-20T02:00:13.567Z All verbs, without exceptions, in the active participle, are formed by adding ing, as see, seeing; teach, teaching, &c. The History of the Life and Adventures of Mr. Duncan Campell A Gentlen, who, tho' Deaf and Dumb, Writes down any Stranger's name at first Sight; 2011-08-14T02:00:22.973Z In the next line it occurs as a present participle. Lancelot of the Laik A Scottish Metrical Romance 2011-07-27T02:00:29.703Z Very and real, distinguished, 81 Voice, active and passive, defined, 84; of the participle, 109; of the infinitive, 110. Business English A Practice Book 2011-11-19T03:00:25.507Z Jonathan, Birmingham "Gotten" is the past participle of "get" and a perfectly cromulent word. Your Americanisms 2011-07-20T01:30:58Z Those girls all dropped the "g"s at the end of their participles; they habitually used double negatives, and, quite defiantly of dictionaries, used Virginian locutions not sanctioned by authority. Recollections of a Varied Life 2011-07-14T02:00:11.837Z I have already shown how the Mbaya language conjugates adjectives with the independent pronoun, and participles with the possessive pronoun. The Philosophic Grammar of American Languages, as Set Forth by Wilhelm von Humboldt With the Translation of an Unpublished Memoir by Him on the American Verb 2011-07-08T02:00:18.037Z The sense requires lay, i.e. the 3rd p. s. pt. t. indic., but properly the word is the present participle, lying. Lancelot of the Laik A Scottish Metrical Romance 2011-07-27T02:00:29.703Z Formation, of participles, 21 ff.; of possessive case, 67; of infinitives, 110. Business English A Practice Book 2011-11-19T03:00:25.507Z Also by asking questions whose answers shall give the comparison of adjectives, these can be written; and finally the past tense and past participles of irregular verbs. Guide to the Kindergarten and Intermediate Class and Moral Culture of Infancy. 2011-06-30T02:00:25.950Z Infinitive in er, and past participle in é. Mentally Defective Children 2011-06-19T02:00:24.963Z On the occasion above alluded to, Wordsworth found fault with 402 the repetition of the concluding sound of the participles in Shakespeare’s line about bees:— Life of John Keats His Life and Poetry, his Friends, Critics and After-fame 2011-06-10T02:00:19.290Z The mood, tense, and participles of a verb. The International Auxiliary Language Esperanto Grammar and Commentary 2011-04-12T02:00:28.753Z A participle is part verb and part adjective. Business English A Practice Book 2011-11-19T03:00:25.507Z Imagine yourself endeavoring, through the flighty visions of a wandering intellect, to find out the subjunctive mood or the past participle, and almost forgetting the torment of your gout in the terrors of your grammar! The Dodd Family Abroad, Vol. II 2011-03-03T03:00:54.950Z Pale and thin, the little patient was sitting quietly in her place, listening to the lesson of her mistress, who was explaining the rule of the agreement of the participle. Mentally Defective Children 2011-06-19T02:00:24.963Z Past participles are seldom used. take, eat, leave, go, takes, eats, leaves, goes. Jamaican Song and Story Annancy stories, digging sings, ring tunes, and dancing tunes 2011-02-28T03:00:31.280Z N.B.—There are three forms of participles, the adjectival, substantival, and adverbial. The International Auxiliary Language Esperanto Grammar and Commentary 2011-04-12T02:00:28.753Z Its inflections are -as present, -is preterite, -os future, -us conditional, -u imperative and subjunctive, -i infinitive, together with the following participles:— Active. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 9, Slice 7 "Equation" to "Ethics" 2011-02-27T03:00:31.973Z It is clear that lines which contain a past participle like “condemned” cannot be used for the purposes of this argument, as such words may have been scanned as two syllables or three. Philip Massinger 2011-02-25T03:01:15.270Z Robert, when eleven years old, showed a deep interest in the study of grammar and language, and ‘excelled as a critic in substantives, verbs, and participles.’ The Real Robert Burns 2011-02-18T03:00:20.253Z The infinitives both preserve or drop the final n, as is the rule with the Midland dialect; the form of the past participle with n accords with the use of the Northern writers. Torrent of Portyngale 2011-02-11T03:00:28.940Z Sometimes the infinitive is used when we use another mood or the participle. The International Auxiliary Language Esperanto Grammar and Commentary 2011-04-12T02:00:28.753Z The participles can be made into nouns and adverbs by changing the final -a into -o and -e respectively: thus tenonto, “the future holder,” perdinte, “through having lost.” Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 9, Slice 7 "Equation" to "Ethics" 2011-02-27T03:00:31.973Z When an adverb ending in 'ly' modifies a participle or adjective no hyphen is needed. Premier League: Arsenal v Manchester City - as it happened 2011-01-05T18:53:38Z Pr. present and imperative have survived, but all other tenses are made from verbal nouns or participles. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 3, Slice 7 "Bible" to "Bisectrix" 2010-12-20T17:12:05.780Z In point of grammatical construction, even the modern Jews allow that the participle walking agrees with the voice, and not with the Lord God. The Messiah in Moses and the Prophets 2010-12-20T17:11:50.233Z The Indicative is therefore obligatory in Esperanto after verbs, adjectives, participles, and nouns expressing in a positive manner what one thinks or feels about an act presented as certain. The International Auxiliary Language Esperanto Grammar and Commentary 2011-04-12T02:00:28.753Z One cable described Kazakhstan’s defense minister turning up in “grand form” for a meeting with an American defense official, “slouching back in his chair and slurring all kinds of Russian participles.” Diplomatic Memo: From WikiLemons, Clinton Tries to Make Lemonade 2010-12-04T18:30:00Z "I'm supposed to cut back on dangling participles, and I'm not allowed to split any infinitives for at least another week," Scully told reporters inside the Dodgers' spring training complex. Broadcaster Vin Scully arrives at Dodgers camp 2010-03-21T21:31:00Z Generally speaking, the first two persons are formed from the verbal noun in b, which is by origin a future passive participle, and the third person is formed from the present participle. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 3, Slice 7 "Bible" to "Bisectrix" 2010-12-20T17:12:05.780Z He has heard over and over again, for instance, that a French past participle, conjugated with the auxiliary avoir, sometimes agrees with its direct object and sometimes does not. John Bull, Junior or French as She is Traduced When a participle, relating to the subject of a sentence, but not qualifying it, expresses the circumstances, manner, time, occasion, etc., of an act, it takes the adverbial form. The International Auxiliary Language Esperanto Grammar and Commentary 2011-04-12T02:00:28.753Z The past participle chiefly ends in -te as against Irish -the, -te, or -tha, -ta, according to the quality of the preceding sound. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 5, Slice 5 "Cat" to "Celt" "I have been a-wait-ing"—the Parson halted and paused at the participle. First Fam'lies of the Sierras In Mth. the present definite and the imperfect are formed by conjugating the present or past tense respectively of the auxiliary verb with the present participle; thus marait chī, I am striking. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 3, Slice 7 "Bible" to "Bisectrix" 2010-12-20T17:12:05.780Z When nouns are attended by participles, two constructions are possible. The Style Book of The Detroit News Without can be rendered by the negative ne and an adverbial participle, or by sen followed by a noun. The International Auxiliary Language Esperanto Grammar and Commentary 2011-04-12T02:00:28.753Z In the latter case the verb was probably in the participle, so that śḏmii-śn, “they hear,” is literally “hearing are they.” Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 9, Slice 1 "Edwardes" to "Ehrenbreitstein" Several of the irregular imperfects and participles have assumed a new form. Lectures on The Science of Language More definitely irregular are a few roots like kar, do, past participle kail. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 3, Slice 7 "Bible" to "Bisectrix" 2010-12-20T17:12:05.780Z The past tense and past participle of dive are dived. The Style Book of The Detroit News In the first sentence, laborantan, the participle, denotes the action of the man: in the second, laboran, the adjective, denotes his state, condition, etc. The International Auxiliary Language Esperanto Grammar and Commentary 2011-04-12T02:00:28.753Z Relative clauses are effected by using relative participles. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 8, Slice 7 "Drama" to "Dublin" It is by no means impossible, however, that this distinction between very, which is now used with adjectives only, and much, which precedes participles, should disappear in time. Lectures on The Science of Language The present tense is lay; the imperfect tense and past participle are laid; and the present participle laying. Every-Day Errors of Speech The past tense and past participle of plead are pleaded and not plead or pled. The Style Book of The Detroit News The future compound with the present participle is used when we wish to mark that an action will be going on at some particular time in the future. The International Auxiliary Language Esperanto Grammar and Commentary 2011-04-12T02:00:28.753Z You slur some of your words and clip the endings from your participles. Dorothy at Oak Knowe Nothing would seem more natural now than to form an adjective or a participle, meaning “loving,” and then add the different pronouns, as I loving, thou loving, &c. Lectures on The Science of Language The present tense is lie; the imperfect tense is lay; the past participle is lain; the present participle is lying. Every-Day Errors of Speech The possessive is to be preferred with proper names and in most simple constructions; it is altogether to be preferred with pronouns when the principal idea is in the participle. The Style Book of The Detroit News As with the active participles, J is added to the three persons of the plural in all the tenses. The International Auxiliary Language Esperanto Grammar and Commentary 2011-04-12T02:00:28.753Z I have found that many suppose it to imply present participles used as nouns, instead of nouns of verbal derivation. The Lay of Havelok the Dane We need not inquire at present how they produced what we call a participle. Lectures on The Science of Language Present tense, raise; imperfect tense and past participle, raised; present participle, raising. Every-Day Errors of Speech Especially pains must be taken to keep straight the past tenses and past participles of lay and lie. The Style Book of The Detroit News Care must be taken in the use of these participles. The International Auxiliary Language Esperanto Grammar and Commentary 2011-04-12T02:00:28.753Z The idea is that a termination may be ambiguously interpreted, a neuter participle, e.g., taken for an active. Logic, Inductive and Deductive In Turkish, one participle is formed by er. Lectures on The Science of Language Present tense, rise; imperfect tense, rose; past participle, risen; present participle, rising. Every-Day Errors of Speech The past tense of swim is swam, and the past participle is swum. The Style Book of The Detroit News The various tenses of the verb esti show the time of the action, and the three participles the state of the subject at that time. The International Auxiliary Language Esperanto Grammar and Commentary 2011-04-12T02:00:28.753Z In this edition the author changes the writing of the past participle to 'd. The Bibliography of Walt Whitman Flown is the perfect participle of fly, flying; flowed, of flow, flowing. Five Hundred Mistakes of Daily Occurrence in Speaking, Pronouncing, and Writing the English Language, Corrected Present tense, sit; imperfect tense and past participle, sat; present participle, sitting. Every-Day Errors of Speech Of lay past tense and participle are alike laid. The Style Book of The Detroit News In a qualifying or predicative sense participles generally follow their noun or pronoun. The International Auxiliary Language Esperanto Grammar and Commentary 2011-04-12T02:00:28.753Z There were no slangy expressions now; no "ain'ts" or "I guess"; no plural nouns with singular verbs; no past participles for the past tense; no split infinitives. My Brave and Gallant Gentleman A Romance of British Columbia When the mountain boy challenges his mate: “I dar ye—I ain’t afeared!” his verb and participle are of the same ancient and sterling rank. Our Southern Highlanders Lighted is preferable to lĭt as the imperfect tense and past participle of light. Every-Day Errors of Speech The past tense and past participle of hang are hung, except in reference to an execution; then write, He was hanged. The Style Book of The Detroit News An adverbial participle generally precedes its noun or pronoun. The International Auxiliary Language Esperanto Grammar and Commentary 2011-04-12T02:00:28.753Z Pollute is the participle, exactly equivalent to polluted. Minor Poems by Milton Wordsworth found fault with the repetition of the concluding sound of the participles in Shakespeare’s line about bees: The singing masons building roofs of gold. English Critical Essays Nineteenth Century Present tense, set; imperfect tense and past participle, set; present participle, setting. Every-Day Errors of Speech Subordinate infinitives and participles take their time from the verb in the principal clause. The Style Book of The Detroit News For emphasis the participle may be put first in a sentence. The International Auxiliary Language Esperanto Grammar and Commentary 2011-04-12T02:00:28.753Z In Cymbeline I 6 51 we find the present tense of the verb of which rapt is the participle: “What, dear Sir, thus raps you?” Minor Poems by Milton By a law known as Grammatical Change, final ð, s, and h of strong verbs generally become d, r, and g, respectively, in the preterit plural and past participle. Anglo-Saxon Grammar and Exercise Book with Inflections, Syntax, Selections for Reading, and Glossary Present, awake; imperfect, awoke or awaked; participles, awaked and awaking. Every-Day Errors of Speech Therefore his adjectives are all verbal participles, indicating a state of existence. The Arawack Language of Guiana in its Linguistic and Ethnological Relations Note.—If qualifying and predicative participles are not placed in their natural position, viz., after their nouns or pronouns, the sense may be entirely changed. The International Auxiliary Language Esperanto Grammar and Commentary 2011-04-12T02:00:28.753Z To make the decasyllabic verse, the poet takes the liberty of prefixing to the present participle the y which properly belongs only to the past. Minor Poems by Milton There are about twenty verbs belonging to Class I that are irregular in having no umlaut in the preterit and past participle. Anglo-Saxon Grammar and Exercise Book with Inflections, Syntax, Selections for Reading, and Glossary Present tense, wake; imperfect and past participle, waked; present participle, waking. Every-Day Errors of Speech The verbs are sometimes derived from nouns, sometimes from participles, sometimes from other verbs, and have reflexive, passive, frequentative, and other forms. The Arawack Language of Guiana in its Linguistic and Ethnological Relations A phrase is often clearer if the conjunction ke be used instead of a predicative participle. The International Auxiliary Language Esperanto Grammar and Commentary 2011-04-12T02:00:28.753Z This “pleasure” and the next—sometime walking—are introduced with present participles. Minor Poems by Milton Double consonants are also made single in the imperative 2d singular and in the past participle. Anglo-Saxon Grammar and Exercise Book with Inflections, Syntax, Selections for Reading, and Glossary How is a compound of a present participle and a preposition treated? Compound Words Typographic Technical Series for Apprentices #36 Some adjectives, principally those from present participles, have the masculine and neuter terminations i and u in the singular, and in the plural i for both genders. The Arawack Language of Guiana in its Linguistic and Ethnological Relations To give emphasis, adverbs and adverbial participles may commence a sentence. The International Auxiliary Language Esperanto Grammar and Commentary 2011-04-12T02:00:28.753Z The poets, in order to gain a syllable, long continued to use the ancient participle prefix y. Minor Poems by Milton Note.—Many sentences might be quoted in which the participle does agree with the direct object, but there seems to be no clear line of demarcation between them and the sentences just cited. Anglo-Saxon Grammar and Exercise Book with Inflections, Syntax, Selections for Reading, and Glossary How is a compound of a present participle and a noun written? Compound Words Typographic Technical Series for Apprentices #36 Infinitive and Participle with Verbs.—The use of the infinitive and the participle with the past tense of verbs is also a cause of frequent error. News Writing The Gathering , Handling and Writing of News Stories All forms of the passive are formed by help of a corresponding form of the verb esti and a passive participle of the required verb. The International Auxiliary Language Esperanto Grammar and Commentary 2011-04-12T02:00:28.753Z The old form of the participle is graven, but graved is also in good use. Select Poems of Thomas Gray These compounds are usually nouns, or adjectives and participles used in a sense more appositive than attributive. Anglo-Saxon Grammar and Exercise Book with Inflections, Syntax, Selections for Reading, and Glossary Do not allow too many sentences to begin with the subject, or with a time clause, or with a participle, or with so. The Century Handbook of Writing Dangling Participles.—Another detail for careful attention in the use of the participle is the necessity of having a definite noun or pronoun in the sentence for the participle to modify. News Writing The Gathering , Handling and Writing of News Stories N.B.—In the active voice use the simple form instead of the present and past participle, unless the compound form is necessary to emphasize the meaning. The International Auxiliary Language Esperanto Grammar and Commentary 2011-04-12T02:00:28.753Z Garnett asserts that the present participle in -ande is “a certain criterion of a Northern dialect subsequent to the thirteenth century.” Early English Alliterative Poems in the West-Midland Dialect of the Fourteenth Century They form their preterit and frequently their past participle by changing the radical vowel of the present stem. Anglo-Saxon Grammar and Exercise Book with Inflections, Syntax, Selections for Reading, and Glossary Use the correct form of the past tense and past participle. The Century Handbook of Writing In this sentence and is used to connect the participle residing with the pronoun who, and the consequent awkwardness results. News Writing The Gathering , Handling and Writing of News Stories There are three forms of the participle, viz.:—The adjectival in -A, the adverbial in -E, and the substantival in -O. 203. The International Auxiliary Language Esperanto Grammar and Commentary 2011-04-12T02:00:28.753Z The y is a corruption of the prefix ge, anciently used in connection with the past participle, and still retained in many German words. Six Centuries of English Poetry Tennyson to Chaucer The present and past participles, when inflected and not as weak adjectives, may be classed with the polysyllabic adjectives, their inflection being the same. Anglo-Saxon Grammar and Exercise Book with Inflections, Syntax, Selections for Reading, and Glossary The principal parts are the present tense, the past tense, and the past participle. The Century Handbook of Writing The cause of his inaccuracy lies in the fact that the time expressed by the participle going varies from that of the main verb. News Writing The Gathering , Handling and Writing of News Stories The active participles, preceded by the auxiliary verb esti = to be, in its various moods and tenses, form the compound tenses of the active voice. The International Auxiliary Language Esperanto Grammar and Commentary 2011-04-12T02:00:28.753Z The prefix i- or y- is equivalent to the A.-S. or German ge, and usually denotes the past participle. Six Centuries of English Poetry Tennyson to Chaucer When you use a participle implying when, while, though, or that, show clearly by the context what is implied. Word Study and English Grammar A Primer of Information about Words, Their Relations and Their Uses By the use of pronouns, participles, and other dependent words, language becomes flexible and free. The Century Handbook of Writing And is here used to connect the past participle washed with the present participle drowning, and the sentence is thereby rendered clumsy. News Writing The Gathering , Handling and Writing of News Stories The passive participles, with the verb esti, form all the moods and tenses in the passive voice. The International Auxiliary Language Esperanto Grammar and Commentary 2011-04-12T02:00:28.753Z We recommend the above participles to be declined like winking. The Comic Latin Grammar A new and facetious introduction to the Latin tongue Hung is the past participle in all other uses. Word Study and English Grammar A Primer of Information about Words, Their Relations and Their Uses A participle, being dependent, must refer to a noun or pronoun. The Century Handbook of Writing The nature of a past participle in English and French. Blackwood's Edinburgh Magazine, Volume 58, Number 360, October 1845 All the participles can be used as adjectives and also as nouns and adverbs, by substituting -O for -A for a noun, and -E for -A for an adverb. The International Auxiliary Language Esperanto Grammar and Commentary 2011-04-12T02:00:28.753Z A participle is a hybrid part of speech; a kind of mongrel-cross, between a noun and a verb. The Comic Latin Grammar A new and facetious introduction to the Latin tongue Participial Construction—A participle and its modifiers used as the subject or object of a verb. Word Study and English Grammar A Primer of Information about Words, Their Relations and Their Uses Remembering that a participle is used as an adjective and must therefore refer to a noun or pronoun, correct the following sentences. The Century Handbook of Writing Marasmius is a Greek participle meaning withered or shriveled; it is so called because the plant will wither and dry up, but revive with the coming of rain. The Mushroom, Edible and Otherwise Its Habitat and its Time of Growth The words still retain the signification of the tense of the participle. The International Auxiliary Language Esperanto Grammar and Commentary 2011-04-12T02:00:28.753Z If there were no distinction of gender in adjectives, participles, &c. there could be none in nouns. Elements of Gaelic Grammar Equally disagreeable is the use of the perfect participle for the past tense; as, she seen, they done. Word Study and English Grammar A Primer of Information about Words, Their Relations and Their Uses The noun or pronoun should be within the sentence which contains the participle, and should be so conspicuous that the participle will be associated with it instantly and without confusion. The Century Handbook of Writing Such a sentence, a string of epithets and participles, is here broken up into short clauses and the participles turned into finite verbs. Babylonian and Assyrian Laws, Contracts and Letters The compound tenses are formed by the auxiliary verb esti = to be, and one of the participles of the verb which must agree in number with its subject. The International Auxiliary Language Esperanto Grammar and Commentary 2011-04-12T02:00:28.753Z In this way, they supply the place of the Compound Tenses of the first order in those verbs which have no passive participle. Elements of Gaelic Grammar The distinction between the participle passive and the past tense is likely to pass away. A Handbook of the English Language Say used to be able or once could.Very.Accompanied by much when used with the past participle. The Century Handbook of Writing The en of the termination of the past participle of strong verbs is often dropped, and when the resulting word might be mistaken for the infinitive, the form of the past tense is frequently substituted. The New Hudson Shakespeare: Julius Cæsar For our preposition "during" he generally uses the accusative of duration, or the prepositional expression en la daŭro de, or simply en, or turns the phrase by employing an adverbial present participle. The International Auxiliary Language Esperanto Grammar and Commentary 2011-04-12T02:00:28.753Z Shall we say, then, that verbs beginning with a consonant have a present participle, while those that begin with a vowel have none? Elements of Gaelic Grammar By the form of the participle.—The -en in beaten shows that the word beat is strong. b. A Handbook of the English Language Do not monotonously close all letters with a sentence beginning with a participle: Hoping to hear from you ..., The Century Handbook of Writing Dangling participles, trailing relatives, and straggling generalities can find no chance to hang on to a periodic sentence. English: Composition and Literature When the person is engaged in a temporary occupation, or is not a professional, but an amateur, a participle is often used. The International Auxiliary Language Esperanto Grammar and Commentary 2011-04-12T02:00:28.753Z "Ringed" is the correct past participle, but "rung" is now commonly used. Austral English A dictionary of Australasian words, phrases and usages with those aboriginal-Australian and Maori words which have become incorporated in the language, and the commoner scientific words that have had their origin in Australasia In Anglo-Saxon it had an infinitive, a participle present, and a participle past. A Handbook of the English Language For this refractory people of Judah He is already framing or moulding evil—the verb used is that of which the Hebrew name for potter is the participle. Jeremiah : Being The Baird Lecture for 1922 Watch for trailing relatives, dangling participles, and straggling generalities at the end of sentences. English: Composition and Literature The participle used here is not the present, denoting a process or work that is being carried on, but the aorist, indicating an act done once for all. Holy in Christ Thoughts on the Calling of God's Children to be Holy as He is Holy This change of termination betokening action or suffering constitutes the participle, as loving, loved; which, as it expresses a property of bodies, is classed amongst adjectives in the preceding pages. The Temple of Nature; or, the Origin of Society A Poem, with Philosophical Notes The present participle, called also the active participle and the participle in -ing, is formed from the original word by adding -ing; as, move, moving. A Handbook of the English Language The Dak still retains some adjectives thus formed, and hundreds of participles rendered by English participles, but used only adverbially, and it has become an adverbial suffix. The Dakotan Languages, and Their Relations to Other Languages In sentences the commonest errors are in linking an infinitive with a gerund, a participle with a verb, an active with a passive voice, a phrase with a clause. English: Composition and Literature In many such cases this negative clause can be translated literally into English, and it is the usual form of negation with an infinitive or present participle. A Handbook of the Cornish Language chiefly in its latest stages with some account of its history and literature Compounds and Divisions: Omit the hyphen when using an adverb compounded with -ly before a participle: a newly built house. Newspaper Reporting and Correspondence A Manual for Reporters, Correspondents, and Students of Newspaper Writing Drank, drunk, drunken.—With all words wherein the vowel of the plural differs from that of the singular, the participle takes the plural form. A Handbook of the English Language I E -wa formed passive participles, adjectives and nouns. The Dakotan Languages, and Their Relations to Other Languages Bade is the imperfect, and bidden the participle, of bid, to invite, as well as of bid, to command. Joyce Morrell's Harvest The Annals of Selwick Hall By the auxiliary form, either inflected or impersonal, with the infinitive or a participle of the main verb. A Handbook of the Cornish Language chiefly in its latest stages with some account of its history and literature Unfortunately the English language has another infinitive which very much resembles a present participle—the infinitive ending in -ing; e.g., rescuing. Newspaper Reporting and Correspondence A Manual for Reporters, Correspondents, and Students of Newspaper Writing In all words with a double form, as spake and spoke, brake and broke, clave and clove, the participle follows the form in o, as spoken, broken, cloven. A Handbook of the English Language I E -an formed past passive participles whence our en in fallen, etc. The Dakotan Languages, and Their Relations to Other Languages Passive verbs, denote suffering, they are only the participle passive of an active verb with a tense of the neuter verb to be before it; as, I am loved, you are dressed. A Week of Instruction and Amusement, or, Mrs. Harley's birthday present to her daughter : interspersed with short stories, outlines of sacred and prophane history, geography &c. The affirmative, generally consisting of the conjunction and, a subject, noun or pronoun, and generally a participle. A Handbook of the Cornish Language chiefly in its latest stages with some account of its history and literature “Sit” is either a misprint for “set,” or the old and still provincial word for “set,” as the participle passive of “seat” or “set.” Shakespeare, Ben Jonson, Beaumont and Fletcher This is only another way of saying that the pr�terite has a greater tendency to pass from strong to weak than the participle. A Handbook of the English Language I E -ta formed nouns of agency and future participles. The Dakotan Languages, and Their Relations to Other Languages Thank you, mamma, I believe I understand all that you have told me about verbs, except the meaning of participle passive. A Week of Instruction and Amusement, or, Mrs. Harley's birthday present to her daughter : interspersed with short stories, outlines of sacred and prophane history, geography &c. It is translated into English by a sentence introduced by when, while, whilst, or though, with a verb generally in the continuous form of the present or past tense, or by a participle. A Handbook of the Cornish Language chiefly in its latest stages with some account of its history and literature It was his epithet, his adjective, his participle, his sign of positive and superlative, his argument, his judgment. The International Monthly, Volume 3, No. 1, April, 1851 In Milton's lines, —— the piercing air Burns frore, and cold performs the effect of fire,—Paradise Lost, b. ii., we have a form from the Anglo-Saxon participle gefroren = frozen. A Handbook of the English Language The Gutter Pup rose in a panic, guessed and fell horribly over an ordinary participle. The Varmint There was formerly no distinction between the verbal adjective and the present participle; but the Academy lays down one not very easy to grasp. Bouvard and Pécuchet A Tragi-comic Novel of Bourgeois Life The rest as the imperfect of bos, to be, with the present participle. A Handbook of the Cornish Language chiefly in its latest stages with some account of its history and literature I cannot find any instance either of "patiens" or "impatiens" used in this connection; but numerous instances of other adjectives and participles followed by the infinitive mood may be found in pp. Notes and Queries, 1850.12.21 A Medium of Inter-communication for Literary Men, Artists, Antiquaries, Geneologists, etc. It does not show how the participle past is collective. A Handbook of the English Language She went down a place, through not being able to find a passive participle for the verb "to bid," Miss Sharman shaking an angry head at her eager "bidded." An Australian Lassie Youth dreams in the future tense; age, in the past participle. Days Off And Other Digressions The rest as in the present tense of bos, to be, followed by the present participle. A Handbook of the Cornish Language chiefly in its latest stages with some account of its history and literature There are in Esperanto six participles, three active and three passive, corresponding to three tenses. Esperanto Self-Taught with Phonetic Pronunciation Undoubtedly it may be said that every such participle is in the condition of words like ge-feax and ge-heort; i.e., that they imply an association between the object and the action or state. A Handbook of the English Language This in its turn was replaced by army, Fr. armée, which, like its Spanish doublet armada, is really a feminine past participle with some word for host, band, etc., understood. The Romance of Words (4th ed.) These are Mr. Grindon's own examples, and a striking confirmation occurs in the old English hight, used for he was called, and again for the participle called, and again, in the 'Met. The Posthumous Works of Thomas De Quincey, Vol. 1 Even when it is used, it is more frequently the inflected p. 116form of an auxiliary verb with the infinitive or participle of the main verb. A Handbook of the Cornish Language chiefly in its latest stages with some account of its history and literature Thus, by the combination of the participles with the six tenses and moods, we obtain thirty-six compound tenses, enabling us to express with the utmost precision any time-relation whatsoever. Esperanto Self-Taught with Phonetic Pronunciation These forms are identical with those of the participles, masculine or feminine, as the case may be. A Handbook of the English Language In remainder and remnant we have the infinitive and present participle of an obsolete Old French verb derived from Lat. remanēre. The Romance of Words (4th ed.) The weak verbs form their preterite by the addition of the syllable -te, and their past participle by means of a t-suffix. A Middle High German Primer Third Edition Bos, to be, as an auxiliary, is used, much as in English, with the present or past participle, to form the continuous present, the continuous past, and the passive. A Handbook of the Cornish Language chiefly in its latest stages with some account of its history and literature If the relative is meant, use "men that walk," instead of the participle. How to Write Clearly Rules and Exercises on English Composition A peculiarity which distinguishes the grammar of all the Slavish languages, consists in the use of the past participle, taken in an active sense, for the purpose of expressing the pr�terite. A Handbook of the English Language Our adjective bald is thus a past participle. The Romance of Words (4th ed.) The present and past participle have the same stem-vowel; and the preterite singular and plural have ie. A Middle High German Primer Third Edition The inflected verb is reducible to five tenses, with an imperative, two participles, and a verbal noun or infinitive. A Handbook of the Cornish Language chiefly in its latest stages with some account of its history and literature When the participle precedes the subject, it generally implies a cause: "Seeing this, he retired." How to Write Clearly Rules and Exercises on English Composition The participle has the declension of a noun adjective, the infinitive mood the declension of a noun substantive. A Handbook of the English Language The other tent is from the Old French past participle of tendre, to stretch. The Romance of Words (4th ed.) The former formed their preterite in -ta, and the latter in -ita; and similarly in the inflected form of the past participle. A Middle High German Primer Third Edition These compounds are often followed by a participle, e.g. ottavî pares, behold me prepared. A Handbook of the Cornish Language chiefly in its latest stages with some account of its history and literature In the same way, do not put adjectives and participles, active and passive forms of verbs, in too close juxtaposition. How to Write Clearly Rules and Exercises on English Composition This we infer from the form of its participle done. A Handbook of the English Language Recreant, the present participle of Old Fr. recreire, Vulgar Lat. *recredere, to change one's faith, contains very much the same idea; cf. miscreant, lit. unbeliever. The Romance of Words (4th ed.) The past participle generally has two forms: one with a mutated vowel, and the other without it, properly from the old inflected form which did not have umlaut. A Middle High German Primer Third Edition In regular verbs, the past tense and past participle are always the same, and so no error could result from their confusion. Practical Grammar and Composition The objection to the participle is that here, as often, it creates a little ambiguity. How to Write Clearly Rules and Exercises on English Composition It is found also as an infinitive, be�n; as a gerund, to beonne; and as a participle, beonde; in the present English its inflection is as follows: Present. A Handbook of the English Language The observations that have been made show that possessives before participles are seldom to be approved. The Verbalist A Manual Devoted to Brief Discussions of the Right and the Wrong Use of Words and to Some Other Matters of Interest to Those Who Would Speak and Write with Propriety. Sc. 5., which, being in prose, settles the question as to whether the omission of the past participle after the auxiliary was customary in Shakspeare's time. Notes and Queries, Number 182, April 23, 1853 A Medium of Inter-communication for Literary Men, Artists, Antiquaries, Genealogists, etc. The verb form in all these cases is called a participle, and must be used in connection with either a nominative or objective case of a noun or pronoun. Practical Grammar and Composition When such a sentence as the latter is followed by a present participle, there arises ambiguity. How to Write Clearly Rules and Exercises on English Composition It has often been remarked that the participle is used in many languages as a substantive. A Handbook of the English Language If we say eaten, written, striven, forgotten, why not say gotten, where this form of the participle is more euphonious—as it often is—than got? The Verbalist A Manual Devoted to Brief Discussions of the Right and the Wrong Use of Words and to Some Other Matters of Interest to Those Who Would Speak and Write with Propriety. The following endings will illustrate the ineffective participle: Hoping to hear from you on this matter by return mail. How to Write Letters (Formerly The Book of Letters) A Complete Guide to Correct Business and Personal Correspondence A participle should not stand at the beginning of a sentence or principal clause unless it belongs to the subject of that sentence or clause. Practical Grammar and Composition The remedy is to convert the participle into a verb depending on a conjunction: "Because we are by nature careless, &c.;" or to convert the participle into a verb co-ordinate with the principal verb, e.g. How to Write Clearly Rules and Exercises on English Composition According to these, the -ing in words like rising is not the -ing of the present participle; neither has it originated in the Anglo-Saxon -end. A Handbook of the English Language De War observes: 'The participle in ing is also passive in many instances; as, "The house is building," "I heard of a plan forming,"' etc.—Quoted in 'Frazee's Grammar,' p. The Verbalist A Manual Devoted to Brief Discussions of the Right and the Wrong Use of Words and to Some Other Matters of Interest to Those Who Would Speak and Write with Propriety. The first project was to shorten discourse by cutting polysyllables into one, and leaving out verbs and participles; because, in reality, all things imaginable are but nouns. The Best of the World's Classics, Restricted to prose. Volume III (of X) - Great Britain and Ireland I Page 83 Exercise 53 Wherever participles or gerunds are improperly used in the following sentences, correct the sentences so as to avoid such impropriety. Practical Grammar and Composition The disadvantage of the use of Verbal Nouns is this, that, unless they are immediately preceded by prepositions, they are sometimes liable to be confounded with participles. How to Write Clearly Rules and Exercises on English Composition A. The participle in -EN.—In the Anglo-Saxon this participle was declined like the adjectives. A Handbook of the English Language This form of the past participle of the verb to light is now obsolete. The Verbalist A Manual Devoted to Brief Discussions of the Right and the Wrong Use of Words and to Some Other Matters of Interest to Those Who Would Speak and Write with Propriety. Mr. Halliwell gives one in his Dictionary of the passive participle, which see. Notes and Queries, Number 181, April 16, 1853 A Medium of Inter-communication for Literary Men, Artists, Antiquaries, Genealogists, etc. In regular verbs the past participle is the same in Page 47 form as the past tense. Practical Grammar and Composition An excessive use of the suspensive participle is French and objectionable: e.g. How to Write Clearly Rules and Exercises on English Composition To say I have drunk, is to use an ambiguous expression; since drunk may be either a participle minus its termination, or a pr�terite with a participial sense. A Handbook of the English Language This form for the past participle of the verb to prove is said to be a Scotticism. The Verbalist A Manual Devoted to Brief Discussions of the Right and the Wrong Use of Words and to Some Other Matters of Interest to Those Who Would Speak and Write with Propriety. The preterit imperfect and pluperfect are made up of the present, preterit, and preterit participle together with the substantive verb, as will be seen below in the conjugations. Diego Collado's Grammar of the Japanese Language The third principal part, the past participle, on the Page 48 other hand, can never be used as a predicate verb without an auxiliary. Practical Grammar and Composition A scribe would without difficulty pass over one of the participles lying contiguously with no connecting conjunction, and having a kind of Homoeoteleuton. The Causes of the Corruption of the Traditional Text of the Holy Gospels Being the Sequel to The Traditional Text of the Holy Gospels To say I have drank, is to use a pr�terite for a participle. A Handbook of the English Language The present participle of the verb to provide is sometimes vulgarly used for the conjunction provided, as in this sentence from the "London Queen": "Society may be congratulated, ... providing that," etc. The Verbalist A Manual Devoted to Brief Discussions of the Right and the Wrong Use of Words and to Some Other Matters of Interest to Those Who Would Speak and Write with Propriety. For the preterit participle Da is changed to De; e.g., Diego Collado's Grammar of the Japanese Language The following are distinctly past participle forms: done, seen, sung, etc. Practical Grammar and Composition Why do you think the poet uses first two, then three, and then four, participles to a line? Story Hour Readings: Seventh Year As a general rule, we find the participle in -en wherever the pr�terite is strong; indeed, the participle in -en may be called the strong participle, or the participle of the strong conjugation. A Handbook of the English Language Formerly the imperfect tense of this verb was gat, which is now obsolete, and the perfect participle was gotten, which, some grammarians say, is growing obsolete. The Verbalist A Manual Devoted to Brief Discussions of the Right and the Wrong Use of Words and to Some Other Matters of Interest to Those Who Would Speak and Write with Propriety. The present, preterit, and future participles are formed by adding the particles fito or mono to the indicative. Diego Collado's Grammar of the Japanese Language The past participle is used to form the Perfect Infinitives; as, to have gone, to have seen, to have been seen. Practical Grammar and Composition In participles and adverbs in ‘ly’, these organic comparatives and superlatives hardly survive at all. English Past and Present In mow, mowed, mown, sow, sowed, sown; and several other words, we find the participle strong, and the pr�terite weak. A Handbook of the English Language That one is, substituting a compound participle for an active verb used in a neuter signification: for instance, "The house is being built," instead of, "The house is building." The Verbalist A Manual Devoted to Brief Discussions of the Right and the Wrong Use of Words and to Some Other Matters of Interest to Those Who Would Speak and Write with Propriety. The moods of the verb, which in this language have distinct forms for the tenses, are indicative, imperative, conjunctive, conditional, and preterit participle. Diego Collado's Grammar of the Japanese Language Such improper omission is frequently made when very or too are used with past participles that are not also recognized as adjectives; as, Poor: I am very insulted. Practical Grammar and Composition There are plenty of words made; but in these times they are all nouns, and what we want are adverbs—'words that qualify verbs, participles, adjectives, and other adverbs.' The Continental Monthly , Vol. 2 No. 5, November 1862 Devoted to Literature and National Policy Strong participles are adjectival oftener than weak ones: their form being common to many adjectives. A Handbook of the English Language In is building and is being built, we have, in strict harmony with the constitution of the perfect and future tenses, an auxiliary followed by the active participle present and the passive participle present. The Verbalist A Manual Devoted to Brief Discussions of the Right and the Wrong Use of Words and to Some Other Matters of Interest to Those Who Would Speak and Write with Propriety. The preterit participle is formed from the preterit by changing the A to E; e.g., Diego Collado's Grammar of the Japanese Language Gerunds, explanation of, 80; confusion with participle, 80; with noun or pronoun modifier, 81; placing of gerund phrase, 81-82. Practical Grammar and Composition It is sat or satya, sat being the participle of the verb as, to be. India: What can it teach us? A Course of Lectures Delivered before the University Of Cambridge The present participle, or the participle in -ing, must be considered in respect to its relations with the substantive in -ing. A Handbook of the English Language Flown is the past participle of to fly, and flowed of to flow. The Verbalist A Manual Devoted to Brief Discussions of the Right and the Wrong Use of Words and to Some Other Matters of Interest to Those Who Would Speak and Write with Propriety. For the second form of the negative participle, the Nu is changed to Ide; e.g., Diego Collado's Grammar of the Japanese Language The past participle has already been mentioned as one of the principal parts of the verb. Practical Grammar and Composition What is the use of the apostrophe in past participles? Punctuation A Primer of Information about the Marks of Punctuation and their Use Both Grammatically and Typographically In respect to the syntax of such expressions as the forthcoming, I consider that they are either participles or substantives. A Handbook of the English Language When the present participle is used substantively, in sentences like the following, it is preceded by the definite article and followed by the preposition of. The Verbalist A Manual Devoted to Brief Discussions of the Right and the Wrong Use of Words and to Some Other Matters of Interest to Those Who Would Speak and Write with Propriety. For the preterit participle the Da is changed to De; e.g., Diego Collado's Grammar of the Japanese Language A participle preceded by thus should not be used unless it modifies the subject of the preceding verb. Practical Grammar and Composition Instead of three elements, there are frequently only two, a deity and a participle or an adjective; e.g., The Religion of Babylonia and Assyria When participles, they are in apposition or concord, and would, if inflected, appear in the same case with the substantive, or pronoun, preceding them—What is the meaning of the lady holding up her train? A Handbook of the English Language The imperfect tense and the perfect participle of the verb to plead are both pleaded and not plead. The Verbalist A Manual Devoted to Brief Discussions of the Right and the Wrong Use of Words and to Some Other Matters of Interest to Those Who Would Speak and Write with Propriety. We resemble the lady of fashion, who engaged a master to teach her on condition that he did not plague her with verbs and participles. How to Get on in the World A Ladder to Practical Success Generally, the participles are those forms of the verb that are used adjectively; as, seeing, having seen, being seen, having been seen, seen, playing, having played, etc. Practical Grammar and Composition Faults of agreement of verbs and participles in number when collective nouns are referred to. Short Story Writing A Practical Treatise on the Art of The Short Story The true perfect is expressed, in English, by the auxiliary have + the past participle. A Handbook of the English Language To set; imperfect tense, set; participles, setting, set. The Verbalist A Manual Devoted to Brief Discussions of the Right and the Wrong Use of Words and to Some Other Matters of Interest to Those Who Would Speak and Write with Propriety. In long titles nouns and pronouns are capitalized always; verbs, participles, and adverbs usually; articles, prepositions and conjunctions never. Capitals A Primer of Information about Capitalization with some Practical Typographic Hints as to the Use of Capitals Failure to follow this rule leads to the error known as the "dangling participle." Practical Grammar and Composition Sir Walter Scott uses the participle: "The bittern booming from the sedgy shallow." Notes and Queries, Number 191, June 25, 1853 A Medium of Inter-communication for Literary Men, Artists, Antiquaries, Genealogists, etc. Here the word hight = was called, and seems to present an instance of the participle being used in a passive sense without the so-called verb substantive. A Handbook of the English Language To sit; imperfect tense, sat; participles, sitting, sat. The Verbalist A Manual Devoted to Brief Discussions of the Right and the Wrong Use of Words and to Some Other Matters of Interest to Those Who Would Speak and Write with Propriety. The concrete meaning of the root is “to know by sight, to recognize.” ɔiban, past participle, passive voice, of ɔib to write: the original signification of the word is “to paint.” The Maya Chronicles Brinton's Library Of Aboriginal American Literature, Number 1 A participle should not be used unless it stands in a grammatical and logical relation to some substantive that is present in the sentence. Practical Grammar and Composition We avoided an error into which many writers fall—we never indexed under the lead of an adjective, article or participle. Reminiscences of Sixty Years in Public Affairs, Vol. 2 The word is no participle at all; but a simple preterite. A Handbook of the English Language The past participle of the verb to weave is woven. The Verbalist A Manual Devoted to Brief Discussions of the Right and the Wrong Use of Words and to Some Other Matters of Interest to Those Who Would Speak and Write with Propriety. When every doubtful word has to be looked up in the dictionary, and newly acquired knowledge concerning participles and personal pronouns duly applied, letter-writing is a serious business. Quin As the object of a preposition is a participle or gerund used? Practical Grammar and Composition Moreover, it must be observed that, although the participle "predestinated," just as this participle "made," implies antecedence, yet there is a difference. Summa Theologica, Part III (Tertia Pars) From the Complete American Edition With both infinitives and participles.—I shall have done, I mean to have done. A Handbook of the English Language All this attracted me much more than the rules about participles; but I had the strength to resist and so I turned and ran quickly back towards the school. Winning a Cause World War Stories This use of the past form for the participle is frequent in Elizabethan English. Milton's Comus Do not use too alone before a verb or a participle. Practical Grammar and Composition Thirdly, properly understood, this participle "made" attaches making to man with relation to God, as the term of the making. Summa Theologica, Part III (Tertia Pars) From the Complete American Edition The combination of the auxiliary, have, with the past participle requires notice. A Handbook of the English Language The present participle denotes action or being continued, but not finished. Sketch of Grammar of the Chippeway Languages To Which is Added a Vocabulary of some of the Most Common Words This use of the participle is a Latinism: see note, l. Milton's Comus Do not use very alone before a verb or a participle. Practical Grammar and Composition But the same sense can be had even without changing the words of the Gospel; because the participle "saying" implies sequence of the words uttered with what goes before. Summa Theologica, Part III (Tertia Pars) From the Complete American Edition The combination with the participle of an intransitive verb,—I have waited; thou hast hungered; he has slept. A Handbook of the English Language There are, in the Chippeway Language, ten parts of Speech, namely, the article, the noun, the pronoun, the adjective, the verb, the participle, the adverb, the preposition, the conjunction, and the interjection. Sketch of Grammar of the Chippeway Languages To Which is Added a Vocabulary of some of the Most Common Words The passive participle is so often used where we now use the active that ‘brimmed’ may mean ‘brimming’ = full to the brim. Milton's Comus This use of the passive participle is of frequent occurrence in Livy. The History of Rome, Books 01 to 08 He would have given a great deal to be able to recite the famous order of the participles, without a mistake, to give them clearly, and without a fault. Tell Me Another Story The Book of Story Programs The combination with the participle of the verb substantive, I have been; thou hast been; he has been. A Handbook of the English Language Verbs have two participles, the present and the perfect. Sketch of Grammar of the Chippeway Languages To Which is Added a Vocabulary of some of the Most Common Words There are two forms of the past participle of weave, viz. wove and woven: see Arc. Milton's Comus To Virginia's relief she had largely suppressed "ain't" already, and occasionally bestowed a final syllable on the participles. One Woman's Life He had a great dread of being scolded, particularly as the school-master had said that the lesson for the day would be on participles about which Franz did not know a word. Tell Me Another Story The Book of Story Programs Hence, in all expressions like I have ridden a horse, there are two ideas, a past idea in the participle, and a present idea in the word denoting possession. A Handbook of the English Language The perfect participle denotes action or being, finished. Sketch of Grammar of the Chippeway Languages To Which is Added a Vocabulary of some of the Most Common Words Milton thus, as in Latin, frequently condenses a clause into a participle. Milton's Comus To be sure, the infinitive still stands in the place of the participle and the imperative in by far the great majority of cases. The Mind of the Child, Part II The Development of the Intellect, International Education Series Edited By William T. Harris, Volume IX. Our author in this second volume has given the small carpers who pick at the ‘eds’ of past participles, and stickle for old-fashioned moon-shine instead of moon-shine, fewer causes of complaint. The Knickerbocker, or New-York Monthly Magazine, February 1844 Volume 23, Number 2 I am beaten.—This is a present combination, and it is present on the strength of the verb am, not on the strength of the participle beaten, which is pr�terite. A Handbook of the English Language I often wonder if Dreiser gets anything properly describable as pleasure out of this dogged accumulation of threadbare, undistinguished, uninspiring nouns, adjectives, verbs, adverbs, pronouns, participles and conjunctions. A Book of Prefaces It is a participial adjective from pacha, place, especially the world, and camac, present participle of camani, I animate, from which also comes camakenc, the soul, and means animating the world. The Myths of the New World A Treatise on the Symbolism and Mythology of the Red Race of America They like to use the indefinite noun-substantive and the infinitive, likewise to some extent the past participle. The Mind of the Child, Part II The Development of the Intellect, International Education Series Edited By William T. Harris, Volume IX. A, be, for, ge, are often indifferently prefixed to verbs, especially to perfect tenses and perfect participles, as well as to verbal nouns.—BOSWORTH. New Word-Analysis Or, School Etymology of English Derivative Words The term, however, is conveniently limited to a particular combination of the noun, verb, and participle. A Handbook of the English Language I did not wonder that he found grasshoppers more interesting than participles--I do myself--and so, I am sure, do the young people for whom, most of all, this book has been written..--Preface. A Mother's List of Books for Children I like a frail but perfectly articulated stanza, a sonnet wrought like ivory, a song full of glowing nouns, verbs, adjectives, adverbs, pronouns, conjunctions, prepositions and participles, but without too much hard sense to it. Damn! A Book of Calumny In the passive voice also it is thus used, and the participles are nouns or adjectives. On the Evolution of Language First Annual Report of the Bureau of Ethnology to the Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution, 1879-80, Government Printing Office, Washington, 1881, pages 1-16 But, as we have seen, any of these kinds of word, substantive, adjective, or participle, may occur syncategorematically in connection with others to form a composite term. Logic Deductive and Inductive Besides these, there is a method of expressing the infinitive, a passive participle, and two forms of verbal adjectives. The Mafulu Mountain People of British New Guinea And so their mode of signification is against notional participles and verbs being predicated of the properties. Summa Theologica, Part I (Prima Pars) From the Complete American Edition This word is a past participle from the verb ago, meaning the same as gone or agone, and was so used a few centuries ago—agone, or gone by. Lectures on Language As Particularly Connected with English Grammar. In what is sometimes called the progressive form of the active voice nouns and adjectives are differentiated in the participles, and the verb "to be" is used as a predicant. On the Evolution of Language First Annual Report of the Bureau of Ethnology to the Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution, 1879-80, Government Printing Office, Washington, 1881, pages 1-16 On the other hand, all substantives may be used categorematically; and the same self-sufficiency is usually recognised in adjectives and participles. Logic Deductive and Inductive A negative participle or infinitive does not appear. The Mafulu Mountain People of British New Guinea Further, verbs and participles which signify time, are applied to Him because His eternity includes all time. Summa Theologica, Part I (Prima Pars) From the Complete American Edition Here writing, the present participle of write, describes myself in my present employment, and yet retains its action as a verb, and terminates on lecture as the thing written. Lectures on Language As Particularly Connected with English Grammar. This is the termination of the present participle and verbal adjective derived from verbs in -a. Frédéric Mistral Poet and Leader in Provence Oppose is Latin; but the participle opposing is true English. Early Britain Anglo-Saxon Britain The past participle of some verbs has not yet been ascertained. h. The Mafulu Mountain People of British New Guinea Thus, according as nouns, participles and demonstrative pronouns are applicable to God, so far can He be signified by relative pronouns. Summa Theologica, Part I (Prima Pars) From the Complete American Edition Verbs differ in the manner of forming their past tenses, and participles, or adjectives. Lectures on Language As Particularly Connected with English Grammar. This ending terminates the past participles of verbs whose infinitive ends in e. Frédéric Mistral Poet and Leader in Provence The present participle active is formed by -ant. International Language Past, Present and Future: With Specimens of Esperanto and Grammar Emerson here uses this past participle with its original meaning instead of in its present sense of "indebted." Essays by Ralph Waldo Emerson This is an appropriate title for the God of Mercy, but the obvious meaning of the participle avalokita in Sanskrit is passive, the Lord who is looked at. Hinduism and Buddhism, An Historical Sketch, Vol. 2 In the explanation of this verb, grammarians further tell us that a passive verb is formed by adding the verb to be, which is thus made auxiliary, to a past participle; as, Portia was loved. Lectures on Language As Particularly Connected with English Grammar. The moods and tenses correspond exactly to those of the French, and the famous rule of the past participle is identical with the one that prevails in the sister language. Frédéric Mistral Poet and Leader in Provence The past participle passive is formed by -it. International Language Past, Present and Future: With Specimens of Esperanto and Grammar You mean the distinction between the participle and the noun? Esperanto: Hearings before the Committee on Education The greatest 80 distinction seems to be in the present and past participles of verbs. English Dialects From the Eighth Century to the Present Day The past participle, as it is called, becomes an adjective by use, and describes her as some way affected by a previous action. Lectures on Language As Particularly Connected with English Grammar. This suffix marks the infinitive of the first conjugation, and also the past participle. Frédéric Mistral Poet and Leader in Provence Take a page of Plato or any other Greek author, and count the number of participles and note their use. International Language Past, Present and Future: With Specimens of Esperanto and Grammar The absolute time of the action of a participle, therefore, is determined entirely by the finite verb with which it is connected. New Latin Grammar In the West Midland, the present participle frequently ends in -and, as in Northumbrian, especially in the Northern part of the Midland area. English Dialects From the Eighth Century to the Present Day I barely allude to this subject in this place to give you an idea of the method we adopt to explain the meaning and use of participles. Lectures on Language As Particularly Connected with English Grammar. Of these, one that evokes surprise upon first acquaintance with the dialect is the fact that final o marks the feminine of nouns, adjectives, and participles. Frédéric Mistral Poet and Leader in Provence There are six participles, present, past, and future active and passive, each complete in one word. International Language Past, Present and Future: With Specimens of Esperanto and Grammar Note the occasional use of a perfect passive participle with opus est; as,— opus est properātō, there is need of haste. New Latin Grammar In the West Midland, the prefix i- or y- is seldom used for the past participle, whilst the East Midland admits it more freely. English Dialects From the Eighth Century to the Present Day Whoever is acquainted with the formation of the present participle in other languages, can carry out the suggestions I have made, and fully comprehend my meaning. Lectures on Language As Particularly Connected with English Grammar. As the first conjugation is a so-called "living" conjugation, it is the termination of many new verbs. -a, -ado. -ado is the termination of the feminine of the past participle. Frédéric Mistral Poet and Leader in Provence The present participle passive is formed by -at. International Language Past, Present and Future: With Specimens of Esperanto and Grammar In the compound forms of the verb the participle regularly agrees with its subject in gender; as,— sēditiō repressa est, the mutiny was checked. New Latin Grammar Well, at all events, it contained a participle and an infinitive. First Love (Little Blue Book #1195) And Other Fascinating Stories of Spanish Life The verb is in the present tense, the participle is in the past, and hence the reason of this allusion. Lectures on Language As Particularly Connected with English Grammar. Adjectives are used for nouns, nouns for verbs, past participles for present infinitives; and derivatives and variants are employed which never had any existence, such as hopelen=hopelessness, and anere=another. A History of English Romanticism in the Eighteenth Century In Esperanto the participle therefore takes an e which denotes an adverb. 8Ten days, i.e. for the duration of ten days. International Language Past, Present and Future: With Specimens of Esperanto and Grammar With subjects of different genders the participle in the compound tenses follows the same principles as laid down for predicate adjectives. New Latin Grammar These are mostly past participles, but many of them are used in English as verbs. Society for Pure English Tract 4 The Pronunciation of English Words Derived from the Latin Happy is the past participle of the verb to hap, or, as afterwards used, with a nice shade of change in the meaning, to happen. Lectures on Language As Particularly Connected with English Grammar. Ritson's particular vanity was the past participle of verbs ending in e; e.g., perceiveed. A History of English Romanticism in the Eighteenth Century It is just the same with compound tenses, subjunctives, participles, etc. International Language Past, Present and Future: With Specimens of Esperanto and Grammar Here the word might have been the old epithet, or an abbreviated participle. The Hoosier Schoolmaster A Story of Backwoods Life in Indiana These are participles or words formed as such. Society for Pure English Tract 4 The Pronunciation of English Words Derived from the Latin They include what have been termed participles, not a distinct "part of speech," but by some included in the verbs. Lectures on Language As Particularly Connected with English Grammar. It has sometimes in the end of words a sound obscure, and scarcely perceptible, as open, shapen, shotten, thistle, participle, metre, lucre. A Grammar of the English Tongue The word Esperanto is the present participle of the verb esperi—"to hope," used substantially. International Language Past, Present and Future: With Specimens of Esperanto and Grammar Happily we are still able to use the present participle, not the past. Vanishing England When added to a verb it signifies did, as played; but to a participle, was, as completed. 1001 Questions and Answers on Orthography and Reading Most of the words called prepositions, in books of grammar, are participles, derived from verbs, many of which are still in use, but some are obsolete. Lectures on Language As Particularly Connected with English Grammar. The passive voice is formed by joining the participle preterit to the substantive verb, as I am loved. A Grammar of the English Tongue It generally follows a transitive verb, a participle, or a preposition. English Grammar in Familiar Lectures In addition to the above inflected forms, there are many periphrastic or compound forms, made up of auxiliaries with the infinitives and participles. An English Grammar Here are two distinct articles distinctly annexed to these two participles—they that rule; they that labor. The Divine Right of Church Government by Sundry Ministers Of Christ Within The City Of London The participle is used in its primary sense in Psalms, xix. Notes and Queries, Number 26, April 27, 1850 The passive is formed by the addition of the participle preterit to the different tenses of the verb to be, which must therefore be here exhibited. A Grammar of the English Tongue Left is the past participle of the verb leave. English Grammar in Familiar Lectures Several of the perfect participles are seldom used except as adjectives: as, "his bounden duty," "the cloven hoof," "a drunken wretch," "a sunken snag." An English Grammar As I have not yet learned to regard the term "delightful" as an active participle, it is evident that, however "cool" I may consider the correction, I have not called it an "impertinence." Notes and Queries, Number 42, August 17, 1850 Delight is naturally formed by the participle de and light, to make light, in the same way as "debase," to make base, "defile," to make foul. Notes and Queries, Number 38, July 20, 1850 Our verbs are observed by Dr. Wallis to be irregular only in the formation of the preterit, and its participle. A Grammar of the English Tongue You will be able very easily to distinguish the participle from the other parts of speech, when you shall have acquired a more extensive knowledge of the verb. English Grammar in Familiar Lectures Historically, drunk is the one correct past participle of the verb drink. An English Grammar Otherwise, why does he say that Shakspeare uses the passive for the active participle, when he explains the word not by the active participle, but by an adjective of totally different meaning? Notes and Queries, Number 42, August 17, 1850 B, taught by Pope to do his good by stealth, 'Twixt participle and noun no difference feeling, In office placed to serve the Commonwealth, Does himself all the good he can by stealing. The Complete Poetical Works of James Russell Lowell Some in the participle passive likewise take en, as stricken, strucken, drunken, bounden. A Grammar of the English Tongue In this place it may not be improper to notice another Rule that relates to the participle. English Grammar in Familiar Lectures Hung and hanged both are used as the past tense and past participle of hang; but hanged is the preferred form when we speak of execution by hanging; as, The butler was hanged.—Bible. An English Grammar The use of the passive participle is every way more appropriate than that of the active, though the latter is more common now. Notes and Queries, Number 42, August 17, 1850 FALSING—the present participle of the verb "to false"; Comedy of Errors, Act II., Grain and Chaff from an English Manor In the participle passive many of them are formed by en, as taken, shaken, forsaken, broken, spoken, born, shorn, sworn, torn, worn, woven, cloven, thriven, driven, risen, smitten, ridden, chosen, trodden, gotten, begotten, forgotten, sodden. A Grammar of the English Tongue Rule applies in parsing a noun in the objective case, governed by a participle?—Do participles ever become nouns?—Give examples. English Grammar in Familiar Lectures Shorn is used sometimes as a participial adjective, as "a shorn lamb," but not much as a participle. An English Grammar The passage next referred to is conditional, and I regard the use of the passive participle here, too, as correct. Notes and Queries, Number 42, August 17, 1850 Indeed there are many that can express what we should call an adjective only by making a participle out of a verb. Language An Introduction to the Study of Speech Give, bid, sit, make in the preterit gave, bade, sate; in the participle passive given, bidden, sitten; but in both bid. A Grammar of the English Tongue A noun or pronoun placed before a participle, without any verb to agree with it, is in the nominative case absolute; as, "The sun being risen, we pursued our journey." English Grammar in Familiar Lectures There seems to be in Modern English a growing tendency toward phonetic spelling in the past tense and past participle of weak verbs. An English Grammar Hung is the junior form of the participle, and is now used for everything but man. Write It Right A Little Blacklist of Literary Faults Scared, afraid.—The participle scared means "frightened;" afraid is an adjective meaning "in fear." Practical Exercises in English The action is the same with the participle present, as loving, frighting, fighting, striking. A Grammar of the English Tongue This course, however, would not be in accordance with the ordinary method of treating the participle. English Grammar in Familiar Lectures Pick out the participles, and tell whether active or passive, imperfect, perfect, or perfect definite. An English Grammar These are both past participles, but there was once the verb to gift, whereas there was never the verb "to talent." Write It Right A Little Blacklist of Literary Faults Illustrate by an original sentence —— preterite and —— past participle of the following verbs. Practical Exercises in English Privation or contrariety is very often denoted by the participle un prefixed to many adjectives, or in before words derived from the Latin; as pleasant, unpleasant; wise, unwise; profitable, unprofitable, patient, impatient. A Grammar of the English Tongue Some passive verbs are formed by using the participles of compound active verbs. English Grammar in Familiar Lectures The various offices which the infinitive and the participle have in the sentence will be treated in Part II., under "Analysis," as we are now learning merely to recognize the forms. An English Grammar Anticipatory past participle of the verb "to complect." Write It Right A Little Blacklist of Literary Faults This word probably needs its past tense and participle to be securely fixed before it will be used. Society for Pure English, Tract 03 (1920) A Few Practical Suggestions Un ought never to be prefixed to a participle present to mark a forbearance of action, as unsighing, but a privation of habit, as unpitying. A Grammar of the English Tongue The present participle with the definite article the before it, becomes a noun, and must have the preposition of after it. English Grammar in Familiar Lectures The participle has been called an adjectival verbal; the gerund may be called a noun verbal. An English Grammar |
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