| 单词 | oxidation state |
| 例句 | The reactions of hydrogen with nonmetals generally produce acidic hydrogen compounds with hydrogen in the 1+ oxidation state. Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z This is independent of the oxidation state or petrological type of the chondrites. Halogens in chondritic meteorites and terrestrial accretion 2017-11-28T05:00:00Z Diffusion rates depend not only on the element and mineral in question, but on the temperature, pressure, and oxidation state the crystal experienced, which researchers estimate from other clues in the crystals. Smudged volcanic crystals offer clues to past eruptions 2016-11-17T05:00:00Z Remember that an element exhibits a positive oxidation state when combined with a more electronegative element and that it exhibits a negative oxidation state when combined with a less electronegative element. Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z The variety of oxidation states displayed by most of the nonmetals means that many of their chemical reactions involve changes in oxidation state through oxidation-reduction reactions. Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z Fluorine will combine with oxygen to form fluorides such as OF2, where the oxygen has a 2+-oxidation state. Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z The oxidation state of the metal becomes positive as it undergoes oxidation and that of the nonmetal becomes negative as it undergoes reduction. Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z Fluorine does not form compounds in which it exhibits positive oxidation states; oxygen exhibits a positive oxidation state only when combined with fluorine. Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z It is also possible to oxidize oxides such as CO and P4O6 that contain an element with a lower oxidation state. Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z The chemistry of sulfur with an oxidation state of 2− is similar to that of oxygen. Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z A 7+-oxidation state is the limit for the halogens. Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z Fluorine generally oxidizes an element to its highest oxidation state, whereas the heavier halogens may not. Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z If a metal can exhibit two oxidation states, it may be necessary to control the stoichiometry in order to obtain the halide with the lower oxidation state. Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z These elements easily form compounds in which the metals exhibit an oxidation state of 2+. Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z For example, molybdenum and tungsten, members of group 6, are limited mostly to an oxidation state of 6+ in aqueous solution. Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z These elements react with halogens to form a variety of halides ranging in oxidation state from 1+ to 6+. Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z The oxidation state of the metal is determined based on the charges of each ligand and the overall charge of the coordination compound. Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z There are six anionic chloride ligands, so −2 = −6 + x, and the oxidation state of the platinum is 4+. Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z Balance the following equations by oxidation-reduction methods; note that three elements change oxidation state. Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z Give the oxidation state of the metal for each of the following oxides of the first transition series. Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z The silver atom is being oxidized from the 0 oxidation state to the 1+ state. Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z It is an oxidation-reduction reaction because the oxidation state of the silver changes during the reaction. Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z In chemical reactions, these metals readily lose both valence electrons to form compounds in which they exhibit an oxidation state of 2+. Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z Most mercury compounds contain mercury with a 2+- oxidation state. Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z Aluminum normally uses all of its valence electrons when it reacts, giving compounds in which it has an oxidation state of 3+. Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z Oxygen is a good oxidizing agent for these reactions because it can gain electrons to go from the 0 oxidation state to the 2− state. Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z This phenomenon, the inert pair effect, refers to the formation of a stable ion with an oxidation state two lower than expected for the group. Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z Tin and lead form the stable divalent cations, Sn2+ and Pb2+, with oxidation states two below the group oxidation state of 4+. Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z Tin and lead also form covalent compounds with a formal 4+-oxidation state. Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z It forms compounds with the group oxidation state of 5+ only when treated with strong oxidizing agents. Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z The polarity of bonds with transition metals varies based not only upon the electronegativities of the atoms involved but also upon the oxidation state of the transition metal. Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z Note from Table 18.3 that fluorine is able to oxidize iodine to its maximum oxidation state, 7+, whereas bromine and chlorine, which are more difficult to oxidize, achieve only the 5+-oxidation state. Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z Determine the oxidation state of nitrogen in each of the following. Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z Unlike most main group metals where one oxidation state is normally observed, the valence shell structure of transition metals means that they usually occur in several different stable oxidation states. Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z Basic metal oxides at a low oxidation state react with aqueous acids to form solutions of salts and water. Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z The electronegativity of an element increases with increasing oxidation state. Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z The stability of the 3+-oxidation state is another example of the inert pair effect. Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z Arsenic and antimony generally form compounds in which an oxidation state of 3+ or 5+ is exhibited; however, arsenic can form arsenides with an oxidation state of 3−. Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z The most stable tellurium compounds are the tellurides—salts of Te2− formed with active metals and lanthanides—and compounds with oxygen, fluorine, and chlorine, in which tellurium normally exhibits an oxidation state 2+ or 4+. Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z For example, hydrogen sulfide, H2S, contains sulfur with an oxidation state of 2−. Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z The stability of this oxidation state is a consequence of the inert pair effect. Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z Because the sulfur does not exhibit its maximum oxidation state, we would expect H2S to react with oxygen. Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z The oxides of the lighter members of each group exhibit the group oxidation state. Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z What is the oxidation state of the halogen in each of the following? Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z |
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