| 单词 | ovule |
| 例句 | Following fertilization of the egg, the ovule grows into a seed. Fundamentals of Biology 2015-01-01T00:00:00Z When a pollen grain reaches the stigma, a pollen tube extends from the grain, grows down the style, and enters through an opening in the integuments of the ovule. Concepts of Biology 2013-04-25T00:00:00Z The pollen tube grows into the style, eventually reaching the ovary and entering an ovule, resulting in double fertilization, where a diploid zygote and endosperm are produced. Miller & Levine Biology 2018-01-01T00:00:00Z Staedler’s studies suggest that such orchids might produce more ovules—the part of the ovary that becomes the seed—potentially to compensate for reduced pollination rates1. The Lost Art of Looking at Plants 2018-01-24T05:00:00Z Staedler’s studies suggest that such orchids might produce more ovules — the part of the ovary that becomes the seed — potentially to compensate for reduced pollination rates1. The lost art of looking at plants 2018-01-22T05:00:00Z Therefore, they generate microspores, which will generate pollen grains as the male gametophytes, and megaspores, which will form an ovule that contains female gametophytes. Fundamentals of Biology 2015-01-01T00:00:00Z The ovary houses one or more ovules that will each develop into a seed upon fertilization. Concepts of Biology 2013-04-25T00:00:00Z Near the base of each scale of the seed cones are two ovules, where haploid cells are produced through meiosis and grow and divide to produce female gametophytes. Miller & Levine Biology 2018-01-01T00:00:00Z They harvested the plants’ ovules, the portion that, once fertilized, produces the fruit, in this case the cotton fibers. Plants can grow their own glow-in-the-dark cotton, no genetic engineering required 2017-09-14T04:00:00Z Fig wasps deposit pollen—and lay their own eggs—in the fig’s egg-bearing ovules. One Tiny Wasp Turns Fig Trees Into Eden The ovule, sheltered within the ovary of the carpel, contains the megasporangium protected by two layers of integuments and the ovary wall. Fundamentals of Biology 2015-01-01T00:00:00Z This is not metaphoric sperm: This very stationary tree produces a wriggling, swimming sperm cell capable of fertilizing female ginkgo ovules. The Female Ginkgo Tree’s Acrid Smell of Success 2015-10-29T04:00:00Z Pollen grains are caught in a sticky secretion produced by the ovules in female cones. Miller & Levine Biology 2018-01-01T00:00:00Z As the ovary turns into fruit, different ovary parts become different fruit parts; when fertilized, small structures called ovules become the fruit's seeds—and more fertilized ovules means more seeds! Seminal Science: How Many Seeds Do Different Fruits Produce? 2012-07-19T14:15:00.200Z She proceeds to pop her eggs in about half the available ovules, dusting the rest with the pollen she brought with her. One Tiny Wasp Turns Fig Trees Into Eden When a pollen grain reaches the stigma, a pollen tube extends from the grain, grows down the style, and enters through the micropyle: an opening in the integuments of the ovule. Fundamentals of Biology 2015-01-01T00:00:00Z Similarly, in the female line, half of the ovules would contain the determiner of the one character and half, that of the other. Being Well-Born An Introduction to Eugenics 2012-05-22T15:16:53.140Z If a pollen grain lands near an ovule, the grain splits open and begins to grow a pollen tube. Miller & Levine Biology 2018-01-01T00:00:00Z That would involve finding a structure, an ovule, with a reward such as nectar or pollen, and the insect with its mouth parts preserved inside that structure. Amber preserves pollen carriers 2012-05-15T11:25:47Z The pollinated ovules become seeds as the fruit ripens. One Tiny Wasp Turns Fig Trees Into Eden When the pollen lands on a female scale, a pollen tube grows toward the female gametophyte, which consists of an ovule containing the megaspore. Fundamentals of Biology 2015-01-01T00:00:00Z Ascending ovule, one that is attached above the base of the ovary and is directed upward. The Manual of the Botany of the Northern United States Including the District East of the Mississippi and North of North Carolina and Tennessee 2012-04-12T02:00:30.140Z Having the ovule inverted at an early period in its development, so that the chalaza is as the apparent apex; Ð opposed to orthotropous. Webster's Unabridged Dictionary 2012-03-24T02:00:23.513Z In the simplest instances the pollen of one flower fertilizes the ovules of another on the same plant, owing to the stamens arriving at maturity in any one flower earlier or later than the pistils. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 13, Slice 7 "Horticulture" to "Hudson Bay" 2012-03-04T03:00:13.390Z The ovules are inside the flowers, as they are in other flowering plants. One Tiny Wasp Turns Fig Trees Into Eden Once fertilization is complete, the resulting diploid zygote develops into the embryo, and the fertilized ovule forms the other tissues of the seed. Fundamentals of Biology 2015-01-01T00:00:00Z Ovary with two abortive or empty cells and one containing a suspended ovule. The Manual of the Botany of the Northern United States Including the District East of the Mississippi and North of North Carolina and Tennessee 2012-04-12T02:00:30.140Z Imperfectly formed or developed; rudimentary; sterile; as, an abortive organ, stamen, ovule, etc. Webster's Unabridged Dictionary 2012-03-24T02:00:23.513Z The anther is the little case holding the pollen, or powdery substance, which, falling upon the stigma, is conducted downward into the ovary, where it quickens the ovules into life. The Wild Flowers of California: Their Names, Haunts, and Habits 2012-02-17T03:00:37.163Z The purpose of these complex structures is, of course, in one way or another to secure the development of the ovule into a seed fitted to produce a new plant. Scientific American Supplement, No. 648, June 2, 1888. 2011-12-26T03:00:15.410Z What makes them the first true seed plants is that they developed structures called cupules to enclose and protect the ovule—the female gametophyte and associated tissues—which develops into a seed upon fertilization. Fundamentals of Biology 2015-01-01T00:00:00Z Ovary with a solitary erect ovule, becoming an achene. The Manual of the Botany of the Northern United States Including the District East of the Mississippi and North of North Carolina and Tennessee 2012-04-12T02:00:30.140Z The formation of a bud in place of a fertilized ovule or o”spore. Webster's Unabridged Dictionary 2012-03-24T02:00:23.513Z After the ovules have been fertilized, the ovary is called a pericarp. The Wild Flowers of California: Their Names, Haunts, and Habits 2012-02-17T03:00:37.163Z The female flower is enveloped in a closely fitting sac-like investment, which must be regarded as a perianth; within this is an orthotropous ovule surrounded by a single integument prolonged upwards as a beak-like micropyle. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 12, Slice 7 "Gyantse" to "Hallel" 2011-12-26T03:00:11.613Z A new diploid sporophyte is formed when a male gamete from a pollen grain enters the ovule sac and fertilizes this egg. Fundamentals of Biology 2015-01-01T00:00:00Z Style and stigma one; ovules more than one. The Manual of the Botany of the Northern United States Including the District East of the Mississippi and North of North Carolina and Tennessee 2012-04-12T02:00:30.140Z And when we remember on how delicate a balance of physiological conditions complete correspondency of pollen to ovules depends, we may be prepared to expect that the phenomenon of prepotency is not of uncommon occurrence. Darwin, and After Darwin (Vol 3 of 3) Post-Darwinian Questions: Isolation and Physiological Selection 2011-10-18T02:00:18.363Z The distinguishing trait of the higher plants that form the grand division known as Angiosperms, is that the ovules are borne in a closed ovary, and the pollen lodges on the end of a stigma. Trees Worth Knowing 2011-10-13T02:00:48.357Z An ovule consists of a conical nucellus surrounded by a single integument. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 12, Slice 7 "Gyantse" to "Hallel" 2011-12-26T03:00:11.613Z Either the ovule or part of the ovary, which is diploid in nature, gives rise to a new seed. Fundamentals of Biology 2015-01-01T00:00:00Z Ovary or its cells containing only 1 or 2, rarely 3 or 4, ovules. The Manual of the Botany of the Northern United States Including the District East of the Mississippi and North of North Carolina and Tennessee 2012-04-12T02:00:30.140Z These find their way along the damp moss to the flower P, and entering the neck of one of the bottle-shaped sacs bs, find out each another cell or ovule inside. Through Magic Glasses and Other Lectures A Sequel to The Fairyland of Science 2011-10-03T02:00:33.003Z "Pollen tubes" grow down through the long style, finally reach the hidden ovule, and seed is set. Trees Worth Knowing 2011-10-13T02:00:48.357Z It is often stated that fertilization occurs after the ovules have fallen, but it has been demonstrated by Hirase that this occurs while the ovules are still attached to the tree. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 12, Slice 7 "Gyantse" to "Hallel" 2011-12-26T03:00:11.613Z When the pollen lands on a female scale, a pollen tube grows toward the female gametophyte, which consists of an ovule containing the megaspore. Fundamentals of Biology 2015-01-01T00:00:00Z Pistil with a short style or none, and a slightly 2-lobed stigma; ovary 2-celled, with 2 erect anatropous ovules from the base of each cell. The Manual of the Botany of the Northern United States Including the District East of the Mississippi and North of North Carolina and Tennessee 2012-04-12T02:00:30.140Z The superior ovary is generally one-chambered, with two variously developed parietal placentas, which occasionally meet, forming two chambers; the ovules are generally very numerous and anatropous or half-anatropous in form. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 11, Slice 5 "Gassendi, Pierre" to "Geocentric" 2011-09-02T02:00:20.450Z The naked ovules are borne on the scales of the fertile spike or catkin, which is held apart and erect in blossoming time. Trees Worth Knowing 2011-10-13T02:00:48.357Z A, Peduncle; b, scaly bud; B, leaf bearing marginal ovule. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 12, Slice 7 "Gyantse" to "Hallel" 2011-12-26T03:00:11.613Z Flowers also provide protection for the ovule and developing embryo inside a receptacle. Fundamentals of Biology 2015-01-01T00:00:00Z Ovary 2-celled, with a pair of ovules in each cell; styles 2, long and slender, united only below, stigmatic down the inside. The Manual of the Botany of the Northern United States Including the District East of the Mississippi and North of North Carolina and Tennessee 2012-04-12T02:00:30.140Z This abortion may depend on the pressure caused by the development of certain ovules, or it may proceed from non-fertilization of all the ovules and consequent non-enlargement of the carpels. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 11, Slice 3 "Frost" to "Fyzabad" 2011-08-15T02:00:28.473Z Contact of pollen grains and naked ovules is followed by their coalescence—the "setting of seeds." Trees Worth Knowing 2011-10-13T02:00:48.357Z The whole flower may be looked upon as an adventitious bud bearing two pairs of leaves; each pair becomes concrescent and forms a perianth, the apex of the shoot being converted into an orthotropous ovule. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 12, Slice 7 "Gyantse" to "Hallel" 2011-12-26T03:00:11.613Z As illustrated in Figure 2, styles, stigmas, and ovules constitute the female organ: the gynoecium or carpel. Fundamentals of Biology 2015-01-01T00:00:00Z Ovary 1-celled, with a single suspended ovule; style slender; stigmas 3. The Manual of the Botany of the Northern United States Including the District East of the Mississippi and North of North Carolina and Tennessee 2012-04-12T02:00:30.140Z This is seen in the passion-flower, where the covering arises from the placenta or extremity of the funicle at the base of the ovule and passes upwards towards the apex, leaving the micropyle uncovered. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 11, Slice 3 "Frost" to "Fyzabad" 2011-08-15T02:00:28.473Z Close shut are the lips again, against any other invasion, while these ovules mature. Trees Worth Knowing 2011-10-13T02:00:48.357Z The integument of the sterile ovule is prolonged above the nucellus as a spirally-twisted tube expanded at its apex into a flat stigma-like organ. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 12, Slice 7 "Gyantse" to "Hallel" 2011-12-26T03:00:11.613Z The ovary houses one or more ovules, each of which will develop into a seed upon fertilization. Fundamentals of Biology 2015-01-01T00:00:00Z Ovary 1-celled with a suspended ovule, becoming an achene; calyx none; aquatic herbs, with finely dissected whorled leaves. The Manual of the Botany of the Northern United States Including the District East of the Mississippi and North of North Carolina and Tennessee 2012-04-12T02:00:30.140Z In the oak and hazel, an ovary with three and two cells respectively, and two ovules in each, produces a one-celled fruit with one seed. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 11, Slice 3 "Frost" to "Fyzabad" 2011-08-15T02:00:28.473Z The female is stocked with innumerable ovules, capable of becoming living things: of which incomparably the greatest number end as they began, mere ovules;—marks of mere possibility, of vitality frustrated. The Plurality of Worlds 2011-06-01T02:00:23.787Z A complete and functional female flower consists of a single ovule with two integuments, the inner of which is prolonged into a narrow tubular micropyle, like that in the flower of Gnetum. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 12, Slice 7 "Gyantse" to "Hallel" 2011-12-26T03:00:11.613Z The ovule wall will become part of the fruit. Fundamentals of Biology 2015-01-01T00:00:00Z Ovary 2-celled, with a single anatropous ovule pendulous in each cell; style prolonged and curved; stigma various. The Manual of the Botany of the Northern United States Including the District East of the Mississippi and North of North Carolina and Tennessee 2012-04-12T02:00:30.140Z In the young state the ovary often contains two or more ovules, but only one comes to maturity. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 11, Slice 3 "Frost" to "Fyzabad" 2011-08-15T02:00:28.473Z But women, Julia, of whatever type, Are still but waiting ovules seeking man, And man's life to develop, even to live. Songs and Satires 2011-05-20T02:00:37.050Z A young ovule consists of a conical nucellus surrounded by a single integument terminating as a two-lipped micropyle. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 12, Slice 7 "Gyantse" to "Hallel" 2011-12-26T03:00:11.613Z In angiosperms, the female gametophyte exists in an enclosed structure—the ovule—which is within the ovary; in gymnosperms, the female gametophyte is present on exposed bracts of the female cone. Fundamentals of Biology 2015-01-01T00:00:00Z Pistil consisting of a closed ovary, which contains the ovules and forms the fruit. The Manual of the Botany of the Northern United States Including the District East of the Mississippi and North of North Carolina and Tennessee 2012-04-12T02:00:30.140Z After fertilization the ovule is greatly changed, in connexion with the formation of the embryo. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 11, Slice 3 "Frost" to "Fyzabad" 2011-08-15T02:00:28.473Z First, for any pregnancy to occur, an ovule must be present. Superfetation: Pregnant while already pregnant 2011-04-27T13:15:05.213Z Each ovule is enclosed at the base by an envelope or collar homologous with the lamina of a leaf; the fleshy and hard coats of the nucellus constitute a single integument. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 12, Slice 7 "Gyantse" to "Hallel" 2011-12-26T03:00:11.613Z The female gametophyte is formed from mitotic divisions of the megaspore, forming an eight-nuclei ovule sac. Fundamentals of Biology 2015-01-01T00:00:00Z Pistil consisting of a closed ovary which contains the ovules and becomes the fruit. The Manual of the Botany of the Northern United States Including the District East of the Mississippi and North of North Carolina and Tennessee 2012-04-12T02:00:30.140Z The remainder of the nucellus and the integuments of the ovules form the seed-coats. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 11, Slice 3 "Frost" to "Fyzabad" 2011-08-15T02:00:28.473Z During the early stages of pregnancy, this is due to the corpus luteum, the surrounding tissue from which the ovule is shed during ovulation. Superfetation: Pregnant while already pregnant 2011-04-27T13:15:05.213Z The stalk of an ovule, considerably reduced in normal flowers and much larger in some abnormal flowers, is homologous with a leaf-stalk, with which it agrees in the structure and number of vascular bundles. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 12, Slice 7 "Gyantse" to "Hallel" 2011-12-26T03:00:11.613Z Part B shows a blowup of the megasprophyll, which has an oval ovule at its base. Fundamentals of Biology 2015-01-01T00:00:00Z Pistil an open scale or altered leaf, bearing naked ovules on its margin or its upper surface, or in Taxus entirely wanting. The Manual of the Botany of the Northern United States Including the District East of the Mississippi and North of North Carolina and Tennessee 2012-04-12T02:00:30.140Z The Seed.—The seed is formed from the ovule as the result of fertilization. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 11, Slice 3 "Frost" to "Fyzabad" 2011-08-15T02:00:28.473Z Pregnancy also requires the fertilization of the ovule with a sperm cell. Superfetation: Pregnant while already pregnant 2011-04-27T13:15:05.213Z An interesting case has been figured by Masters, in which scales of a cone of Cupressus Lawsoniana bear ovules on the upper surface and stamens on the lower face. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 12, Slice 7 "Gyantse" to "Hallel" 2011-12-26T03:00:11.613Z Part C shows a blowup of the ovule. Fundamentals of Biology 2015-01-01T00:00:00Z Ovary 1-celled, with 3 parietal placentæ, each bearing a few orthotropous ovules; the capillary style coherent with the tube of the perianth; stigmas 3, large, 2-lobed or notched, exserted. The Manual of the Botany of the Northern United States Including the District East of the Mississippi and North of North Carolina and Tennessee 2012-04-12T02:00:30.140Z An account of the development of the seed from the ovule will be found in the article Angiosperms. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 11, Slice 3 "Frost" to "Fyzabad" 2011-08-15T02:00:28.473Z The norm however, is one ovule per cycle and thus one embryo for implantation—not three! Superfetation: Pregnant while already pregnant 2011-04-27T13:15:05.213Z One argument that has been adduced in support of the axillary bud theory is derived from the Palaeozoic type Cordaites, in which each ovule occurs on an axis borne in the axil of a bract. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 12, Slice 7 "Gyantse" to "Hallel" 2011-12-26T03:00:11.613Z First, in the process of megasporogenesis, a single cell in the diploid megasporangium—an area of tissue in the ovules—undergoes meiosis to produce four megaspores, only one of which survives. Fundamentals of Biology 2015-01-01T00:00:00Z Scape 1° high or less; bulb small, often bulbiferous at base; leaves narrowly linear; flowers few, on slender pedicels, the segments narrowly oblong, 4–6´´ long; ovules 4–7 in each cell. The Manual of the Botany of the Northern United States Including the District East of the Mississippi and North of North Carolina and Tennessee 2012-04-12T02:00:30.140Z The funicles of the ovules frequently attain a great length in the seed, and in some magnolias, when the fruit dehisces, they appear as long scarlet cords suspending the seeds outside. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 11, Slice 3 "Frost" to "Fyzabad" 2011-08-15T02:00:28.473Z It happens when there is fertilization of an ovule by a sperm cell while a conceptus is already present in the womb. Superfetation: Pregnant while already pregnant 2011-04-27T13:15:05.213Z The flower may be described as a bud bearing a pair of leaves which become fused and constitute a perianth, the apex of the shoot forming an ovule. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 12, Slice 7 "Gyantse" to "Hallel" 2011-12-26T03:00:11.613Z Both the pollen and the ovules — sperm and egg — are contained in a single specimen, though in different parts of the tree. From Ancient Giants, Finding New Life to Help the Planet 2011-04-10T04:01:06Z Ovary 3-celled. with 2–6 ovules in each cell; style slender, deciduous by a joint; stigma obtuse or capitate, obscurely 3-lobed. The Manual of the Botany of the Northern United States Including the District East of the Mississippi and North of North Carolina and Tennessee 2012-04-12T02:00:30.140Z As the endosperm increases in size along with the embryo-sac and the embryo, the substance of the original nucellus of the ovule is gradually absorbed. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 11, Slice 3 "Frost" to "Fyzabad" 2011-08-15T02:00:28.473Z And for an ovule to be present, ovulation must have taken place. Superfetation: Pregnant while already pregnant 2011-04-27T13:15:05.213Z The ovules are attached to the placenta, which consists of a mass of cellular tissue, through which the nourishing vessels pass to the ovule. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 10, Slice 5 "Fleury, Claude" to "Foraker" 2011-04-03T02:00:20.883Z Pollen is usually blown to other trees and fertilizes their ovules. From Ancient Giants, Finding New Life to Help the Planet 2011-04-10T04:01:06Z Ovary with many ovules in each cell; style and sometimes the stigmas one. The Manual of the Botany of the Northern United States Including the District East of the Mississippi and North of North Carolina and Tennessee 2012-04-12T02:00:30.140Z In the almond there are often two ovules formed, only one of which comes to perfection. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 11, Slice 3 "Frost" to "Fyzabad" 2011-08-15T02:00:28.473Z If a plant had the ovules erect, the stigmata divided, possessed the albumen, and was without stipules, it possibly would not be classed among the Rosace�. A System of Logic: Ratiocinative and Inductive 7th Edition, Vol. II 2011-03-01T03:00:40.557Z The ovule is attached to the placenta, and destined to become the seed. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 10, Slice 5 "Fleury, Claude" to "Foraker" 2011-04-03T02:00:20.883Z The carpels are united to form a 4- to 5-chambered ovary, which bears a simple elongated style ending in a capitate stigma; each ovary-chamber contains one to many ovules attached to a central placenta. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 9, Slice 7 "Equation" to "Ethics" 2011-02-27T03:00:31.973Z Flowers half the size of the last, white, speckled with green or purplish dots; umbel many-flowered; berry globular, black; ovules 2 in each cell.—Rich woods, in the Alleghanies from N. Y. to Ga. 18. The Manual of the Botany of the Northern United States Including the District East of the Mississippi and North of North Carolina and Tennessee 2012-04-12T02:00:30.140Z The position of the seed as regards the pericarp resembles that of the ovule in the ovary, and the same terms are applied—erect, ascending, pendulous, suspended, curved, &c. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 11, Slice 3 "Frost" to "Fyzabad" 2011-08-15T02:00:28.473Z Embryonic Development.—Man is developed from an ovule, about the 125th of an inch in diameter, which differs in no respect from the ovules of other animals. The Descent of Man and Selection in Relation to Sex, Vol. I 2011-01-17T03:00:49.523Z In Cycas the altered leaf, upon the margin of which the ovule is produced, and the peltate scales, from which they are pendulous in Zamia, are regarded by all botanists as carpellary leaves. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 10, Slice 5 "Fleury, Claude" to "Foraker" 2011-04-03T02:00:20.883Z Model of a simple pistil, with ovary cut across and slightly opened ventrally, to show the ovules and their attachment. The Elements of Botany For Beginners and For Schools Fertile catkins ovoid, in small clusters, scaly, with a pair of ovules at the base of each scale. The Manual of the Botany of the Northern United States Including the District East of the Mississippi and North of North Carolina and Tennessee 2012-04-12T02:00:30.140Z Fruit, in the botanical sense, is developed from the flower as the result of fertilization of the ovule. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 11, Slice 3 "Frost" to "Fyzabad" 2011-08-15T02:00:28.473Z The general view was, that the embryo originated in the ovule, which was in some obscure manner fertilized by the pollen. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 4, Slice 3 "Borgia, Lucrezia" to "Bradford, John" The carpellary leaves are sometimes united in such a way as to leave an opening at the apex of the pistil, so that the ovules are exposed, as in mignonette. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 10, Slice 5 "Fleury, Claude" to "Foraker" 2011-04-03T02:00:20.883Z Funicle, Funiculus, the stalk of a seed or ovule, 110. The Elements of Botany For Beginners and For Schools Fertile catkins of few imbricated scales, fixed by the base, each bearing 2 erect ovules, dry and spreading at maturity. The Manual of the Botany of the Northern United States Including the District East of the Mississippi and North of North Carolina and Tennessee 2012-04-12T02:00:30.140Z The radicular extremity points towards the micropyle, while the cotyledonary extremity is pointed towards the base of the ovule or the chalaza. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 11, Slice 3 "Frost" to "Fyzabad" 2011-08-15T02:00:28.473Z The latter traced the tubes as far as the nucleus of the ovule. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 4, Slice 3 "Borgia, Lucrezia" to "Bradford, John" Nor are the effects of fertilization confined to the ovule; they extend to other parts of the plant. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 10, Slice 5 "Fleury, Claude" to "Foraker" 2011-04-03T02:00:20.883Z Placenta, the surface or part of the ovary to which the ovules are attached, 107. The Elements of Botany For Beginners and For Schools Ovary 1-celled, with a pendulous ovule, forming a small glandular achene in fruit. The Manual of the Botany of the Northern United States Including the District East of the Mississippi and North of North Carolina and Tennessee 2012-04-12T02:00:30.140Z In other species the infection occurs through the style of the flower, but the fungus after reaching the ovule develops no further during that year but remains dormant in the embryo of the seed. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 11, Slice 3 "Frost" to "Fyzabad" 2011-08-15T02:00:28.473Z Each carpel becomes divided by a median constriction in four portions, each containing one ovule; the style springs from the centre of the group of four divisions. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 4, Slice 2 "Bohemia" to "Borgia, Francis" But in Primulaceae no vestiges of septa or marginal ovules can be perceived at any period of growth; the placenta is always free, and rises in the centre of the ovary. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 10, Slice 5 "Fleury, Claude" to "Foraker" 2011-04-03T02:00:20.883Z Suspended ovules or seeds hang from the very summit of the cell which contains them. The Elements of Botany For Beginners and For Schools Style undivided or 2-parted, filiform; ovule pendulous; fruit an achene, embryo curved.—Trees or shrubs, with milky juice, alternate leaves, and fugacious stipules. The Manual of the Botany of the Northern United States Including the District East of the Mississippi and North of North Carolina and Tennessee 2012-04-12T02:00:30.140Z They are Gymnogens as to ovules, and neither Exogens nor Endogens in the wood of their short, simple, or branched trunks, and they have dicotyledonous seeds. Principles of Geology or, The Modern Changes of the Earth and its Inhabitants Considered as Illustrative of Geology The pollen-tube does not penetrate the ovule through the micropyle but enters at the opposite end—the chalaza. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 5, Slice 4 "Carnegie Andrew" to "Casus Belli" The micropyle indicates the organic apex of the ovule. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 10, Slice 5 "Fleury, Claude" to "Foraker" 2011-04-03T02:00:20.883Z Section of a flower moderately enlarged, showing a part of the petals and stamens, all five styles, and a section of ovary with two ovules or rudimentary seeds. The Elements of Botany For Beginners and For Schools Ovary 1-celled, with an erect ovule, forming an achene in fruit. The Manual of the Botany of the Northern United States Including the District East of the Mississippi and North of North Carolina and Tennessee 2012-04-12T02:00:30.140Z A class of flowering plants, in which the ovules are not inclosed in an ovary. Principles of Geology or, The Modern Changes of the Earth and its Inhabitants Considered as Illustrative of Geology The ovary is generally two-chambered, with two inverted ovules standing side by side at the inner angle of each chamber. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 7, Slice 3 "Convention" to "Copyright" The ovule is curved upon itself, so that the micropyle is near the funicle. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 10, Slice 5 "Fleury, Claude" to "Foraker" 2011-04-03T02:00:20.883Z Placenta, a name given to the surface, whatever it be, which bears the ovules and seeds. The Elements of Botany For Beginners and For Schools Ovary 1–2-celled, with a single anatropous ovule suspended from the summit of each cell; styles 2, short, diverging, stigmatic along the inner edge. The Manual of the Botany of the Northern United States Including the District East of the Mississippi and North of North Carolina and Tennessee 2012-04-12T02:00:30.140Z What giant power is concealed within that tiny ovule, apparently so soft and insignificant! Due South or Cuba Past and Present It shows the position of an ovule which has just been discharged lying in the opening of the right tube, and that of another ovary fecundated and surrounded by the decidual membrane. The Sexual Question A Scientific, psychological, hygienic and sociological study As the seed develops from the ovule which has been fertilized by the pollen, the essential structures for seed-production are two, viz. the pollen-bearer or stamen and the ovule-bearer or carpel. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 10, Slice 5 "Fleury, Claude" to "Foraker" 2011-04-03T02:00:20.883Z Simple pistil of Podophyllum, cut across, showing ovules borne on placenta. The Elements of Botany For Beginners and For Schools Ovary 2–3-celled, with several pendulous orthotropous ovules in each cell; stigma minute. The Manual of the Botany of the Northern United States Including the District East of the Mississippi and North of North Carolina and Tennessee 2012-04-12T02:00:30.140Z Within the hard shell of the nut, among the mass of rich creamy substance, near the large end, is a small white lump like the stalk of a young mushroom, called the ovule. Due South or Cuba Past and Present Moreover, there are women who never menstruate and who, in spite of this, not only regularly discharge ovules but may be fecundated and become pregnant. The Sexual Question A Scientific, psychological, hygienic and sociological study The part by which the ovule is attached to the placenta or cord is its base or hilum, the opposite extremity being its apex. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 10, Slice 5 "Fleury, Claude" to "Foraker" 2011-04-03T02:00:20.883Z The ordinary pistil has a closed ovary, and accordingly the pollen can act upon the contained ovules only indirectly, through the stigma. The Elements of Botany For Beginners and For Schools Ovary 3-celled; two of the cells empty, the other with a single suspended ovule. The Manual of the Botany of the Northern United States Including the District East of the Mississippi and North of North Carolina and Tennessee 2012-04-12T02:00:30.140Z The pollen from the stamen, acting on the pistil, causes the ovules which are in the pistil to grow into seeds. Trees of the Northern United States Their Study, Description and Determination In the right ovary are seen ovules in various degrees of maturity in their Graafian follicles: also a corpus luteum—an empty Graafian follicle after expulsion of the ovule. The Sexual Question A Scientific, psychological, hygienic and sociological study The ovule appears at first as a small cellular projection from the placenta. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 10, Slice 5 "Fleury, Claude" to "Foraker" 2011-04-03T02:00:20.883Z One of the scales or carpels of the last, removed and more enlarged, the inside exposed to view, showing a pair of ovules on its base. The Elements of Botany For Beginners and For Schools Fertile flowers consisting each of a 1-celled ovary, tipped with a depressed stigma, and containing 5 or 6 orthotropous ovules erect from the base of the cell; in fruit a 1–few-seeded scarlet berry. The Manual of the Botany of the Northern United States Including the District East of the Mississippi and North of North Carolina and Tennessee 2012-04-12T02:00:30.140Z Plants with a pistil consisting of a closed ovary, which contains the ovules and forms the fruit. Trees of the Northern United States Their Study, Description and Determination In the first chapter we have spoken of the changes undergone by the fecundated ovule till it becomes the embryo and then the infant. The Sexual Question A Scientific, psychological, hygienic and sociological study These may be taken as the three types of ovule; but there are various intermediate forms, such as semi-anatropous and others. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 10, Slice 5 "Fleury, Claude" to "Foraker" 2011-04-03T02:00:20.883Z At the time of blossoming, these pistil-leaves of the young cone diverge, and the pollen, so abundantly shed from the staminate blossoms, falls directly upon the exposed ovules. The Elements of Botany For Beginners and For Schools Ovary 1-celled, with a single suspended ovule; stigmas 2, long and pointed, recurved. The Manual of the Botany of the Northern United States Including the District East of the Mississippi and North of North Carolina and Tennessee 2012-04-12T02:00:30.140Z In each ovary are large numbers of cells, ovules, or eggs, one of which, at least, is supposed to pass into the uterine cavity with each menstruation. Treatise on the Diseases of Women It remains to speak of the mechanism of expulsion of the ovule and of its fecundation, as well as the changes in the womb which result from these phenomena. The Sexual Question A Scientific, psychological, hygienic and sociological study In Cycas the carpels are ordinary leaves, with ovules upon their margin. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 10, Slice 5 "Fleury, Claude" to "Foraker" 2011-04-03T02:00:20.883Z In the Yew, and in Torreya and Gingko, the gynœcium is reduced to extremest simplicity, that is, to a naked ovule, without any visible carpel. The Elements of Botany For Beginners and For Schools Stems woody, often prickly; ovules solitary; glabrous throughout. The Manual of the Botany of the Northern United States Including the District East of the Mississippi and North of North Carolina and Tennessee 2012-04-12T02:00:30.140Z Anatomists tell us that each human ovary contains as many as 30,000 of these ovules, or eggs. Treatise on the Diseases of Women Having arrived in the tube, the ovule moves very slowly in the almost capillary tube by means of the vibratile cilia and arrives in the cavity of the womb. The Sexual Question A Scientific, psychological, hygienic and sociological study The placentas are parietal, and the ovules appear sessile on the walls of the ovary. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 10, Slice 5 "Fleury, Claude" to "Foraker" 2011-04-03T02:00:20.883Z Kernel or Nucleus, the body of the ovule. The Elements of Botany For Beginners and For Schools Ovary 1-celled, with 5–9 erect anatropous ovules; stigma almost sessile. The Manual of the Botany of the Northern United States Including the District East of the Mississippi and North of North Carolina and Tennessee 2012-04-12T02:00:30.140Z The pollen came from one parent and the ovule, which after fertilization swelled up into the seed, came from another. The Meaning of Evolution In reality this could hardly coexist with the other ovule freely discharged. The Sexual Question A Scientific, psychological, hygienic and sociological study From the centre, processes go to circumference, ending in curved placentas bearing the ovules. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 10, Slice 5 "Fleury, Claude" to "Foraker" 2011-04-03T02:00:20.883Z By this the ovules are said to be fertilized. The Elements of Botany For Beginners and For Schools Pistils united into a 3–6-celled compound ovary; stigmas sessile; ovules solitary. The Manual of the Botany of the Northern United States Including the District East of the Mississippi and North of North Carolina and Tennessee 2012-04-12T02:00:30.140Z J. M�ller and others admit that ovules and buds have the same essential nature. The Variation of Animals and Plants Under Domestication, Volume II (of 2) The mouth of the tube applied to the ovary at the moment of expulsion of the ovule. The Sexual Question A Scientific, psychological, hygienic and sociological study The ovule is sometimes embedded in the placenta, as in Hydnora. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 10, Slice 5 "Fleury, Claude" to "Foraker" 2011-04-03T02:00:20.883Z The stigma at the summit is also essential: it receives the pollen, which fertilizes the ovules in order that they may become seeds. The Elements of Botany For Beginners and For Schools Fertile flowers consisting of a single ovary tapering into a short style; stigmas 2–4, awl-shaped; ovule erect, anatropous. The Manual of the Botany of the Northern United States Including the District East of the Mississippi and North of North Carolina and Tennessee 2012-04-12T02:00:30.140Z Gemmules differ from true ovules or buds inasmuch as they are supposed to be capable of multiplication in their undeveloped state. The Variation of Animals and Plants Under Domestication, Volume II (of 2) Usually, however, the two phenomena are associated by nervous reflexes, so that menstruation takes place first and then the ovule commences its migration. The Sexual Question A Scientific, psychological, hygienic and sociological study The connexion between the base of the ovule and the base of the nucellus is kept up by means of the raphe r. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 10, Slice 5 "Fleury, Claude" to "Foraker" 2011-04-03T02:00:20.883Z The adnate portion of the funiculus, which appears as a ridge or cord extending from the hilum to the chalaza, and which distinguishes this kind of ovule, is called the Rhaphe. The Elements of Botany For Beginners and For Schools Ovary 2–4-celled, with an erect anatropous ovule in each cell. The Manual of the Botany of the Northern United States Including the District East of the Mississippi and North of North Carolina and Tennessee 2012-04-12T02:00:30.140Z The belief that it is the function of the spermatozoa to communicate life to the ovule seems a strange one, seeing that the unimpregnated ovule is already alive and continues for a considerable time alive. The Variation of Animals and Plants Under Domestication, Volume II (of 2) From time to time some of these ovules enlarge and are surrounded by a vesicle with liquid contents, which is called the Graafian follicle. The Sexual Question A Scientific, psychological, hygienic and sociological study This is often coloured, is of a denser texture than the surrounding tissue, and is traversed by fibro-vascular bundles, which pass from the placenta to nourish the ovule. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 10, Slice 5 "Fleury, Claude" to "Foraker" 2011-04-03T02:00:20.883Z Fig. 348-352 show the stages through which an ovule becomes anatropous in the course of its growth. The Elements of Botany For Beginners and For Schools Ovary more or less 2–7-celled, with 1 or 2 pendulous anatropous ovules in each cell; but all the cells and ovules except one disappearing in the fruit. The Manual of the Botany of the Northern United States Including the District East of the Mississippi and North of North Carolina and Tennessee 2012-04-12T02:00:30.140Z That an affection of the female sexual element may induce variability we may likewise infer as probable from the occurrence of bud-variations; for a bud seems to be the analogue of an ovule. The Variation of Animals and Plants Under Domestication, Volume II (of 2) The duty of the active or male individual is to bring the spermatozoa to a point where they can easily reach the female cells or ovules. The Sexual Question A Scientific, psychological, hygienic and sociological study In such an ovule a straight line drawn from the hilum to the micropyle passes along the axis of the ovule. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 10, Slice 5 "Fleury, Claude" to "Foraker" 2011-04-03T02:00:20.883Z The annexed two figures are sections of such an ovule at maturity; and Fig. The Elements of Botany For Beginners and For Schools Ovary 2-celled, with 2 erect ovules in each cell; stigma broad. The Manual of the Botany of the Northern United States Including the District East of the Mississippi and North of North Carolina and Tennessee 2012-04-12T02:00:30.140Z Certain bodies, which during their early development cannot be distinguished by any external character from true ovules, nevertheless must be classed as buds, for though formed within the ovarium they are incapable of fertilisation. The Variation of Animals and Plants Under Domestication, Volume II (of 2) It is called so because it contains ovules, which are tiny seeds or eggs. Every Girl's Book Curved ovules are found in Cruciferae, and Caryophyllaceae. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 10, Slice 5 "Fleury, Claude" to "Foraker" 2011-04-03T02:00:20.883Z Cross Fertilization occurs when ovules are fertilized by pollen of other individuals of the same species. The Elements of Botany For Beginners and For Schools Ovary oblong, with short thick style, 3–5 2-lobed stigmas, and 3–5 parietal placentas; ovules numerous, horizontal. The Manual of the Botany of the Northern United States Including the District East of the Mississippi and North of North Carolina and Tennessee 2012-04-12T02:00:30.140Z We here see the male element affecting and hybridising not that part which it is properly adapted to affect, namely the ovule, but the partially developed tissues of a distinct individual. The Variation of Animals and Plants Under Domestication, Volume II (of 2) In plants as in animals the female cells or ovules are larger than the pollen grains, though the disparity in size is not nearly so marked. Mendelism Third Edition Then if a second integument be formed it covers all the free part of the ovule, but does not form on the side to which the raphe is adherent. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 10, Slice 5 "Fleury, Claude" to "Foraker" 2011-04-03T02:00:20.883Z Micropyle, answering to the Foramen or orifice of the ovule. The Elements of Botany For Beginners and For Schools Ovary with a single cell and ovule, tipped with a long laterally stigmatic style, maturing as an achene. The Manual of the Botany of the Northern United States Including the District East of the Mississippi and North of North Carolina and Tennessee 2012-04-12T02:00:30.140Z This process may be compared with the ordinary act of fertilisation, during which the contents of the pollen-tubes penetrate the closed embryonic sack within the ovule, and determine the development of the embryo. The Variation of Animals and Plants Under Domestication, Volume II (of 2) When this happens, the pollen cell slips through a little hole in its coat and bores its way down the pistil to reach an ovule in the ovary. Mendelism Third Edition The position of the ovule relative to the ovary varies. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 10, Slice 5 "Fleury, Claude" to "Foraker" 2011-04-03T02:00:20.883Z Compare the accompanying figures and those of the ovules, Fig. 341-355. The Elements of Botany For Beginners and For Schools Ovary 2–5-celled, with a single anatropous ovule suspended from the top of each cell, ripening into a berry-like drupe, with as many seeds as cells. The Manual of the Botany of the Northern United States Including the District East of the Mississippi and North of North Carolina and Tennessee 2012-04-12T02:00:30.140Z Hence ovules and pollen-grains,—the fertilised seed or egg, as well as buds,—include and consist of a multitude of germs thrown off from each separate atom of the organism. The Variation of Animals and Plants Under Domestication, Volume II (of 2) And this is true for the ovules as well as for the pollen grains. Mendelism Third Edition In such cases it frequently happens that some of the ovules are arrested in their development and become abortive. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 10, Slice 5 "Fleury, Claude" to "Foraker" 2011-04-03T02:00:20.883Z No ovary or pericarp, but ovules and seeds naked, and no proper calyx nor corolla. The Elements of Botany For Beginners and For Schools If a plant had the ovules erect, the stigmata divided, possessed the albumen, and was without stipules, it possibly would not be classed among the Rosaceæ. A System Of Logic, Ratiocinative And Inductive But what determines the development of the gemmules of the first-formed or primordial cell in the unimpregnated ovule, is beyond conjecture. The Variation of Animals and Plants Under Domestication, Volume II (of 2) Such hybrid F1 plants, therefore, must produce a series of ovules consisting of those bearing tallness and those bearing dwarfness, and must produce them in equal numbers. Mendelism Third Edition In other instances they rise The ovule. from the floral axis itself, either terminal, as in Polygonaceae and Piperaceae, or lateral, as in Primulaceae and Compositae. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 10, Slice 5 "Fleury, Claude" to "Foraker" 2011-04-03T02:00:20.883Z Chalaza, that part of the ovule where all the parts grow together, 110, 126. The Elements of Botany For Beginners and For Schools Carpels 3, with ovules indefinite in two series. The Medicinal Plants of the Philippines These almost infinitely numerous and minute gemmules must be included in each bud, ovule, spermatozoon, and pollen-grain. The Variation of Animals and Plants Under Domestication, Volume II (of 2) Hence of our 2x "tall" ovules, x will be fertilised by "tall" pollen grains and x will be fertilised by "dwarf" pollen grains. Mendelism Third Edition "Ovule" is a good word to learn, and the easiest way is to use it at once, always referring to this little seedlet in the young flower-pod as the ovule. The Renewal of Life; How and When to Tell the Story to the Young This nourishment was supplied by the mother plant to the ovule and seed, and thence taken into the embryo during its growth. The Elements of Botany For Beginners and For Schools Ovary free, of 3 lobules each containing 2 ovules. The Medicinal Plants of the Philippines Prevost and Dumas, on the employment of several spermatozoids to fertilise one ovule, ii. The Variation of Animals and Plants Under Domestication, Volume II (of 2) Doubleness is apparently carried by all the pollen grains of such plants, but only by some of the ovules. Mendelism Third Edition The word "ovule" means little egg; later, a word almost identical will be used for the eggs of animals. The Renewal of Life; How and When to Tell the Story to the Young Hilum, the place of junction of the funiculus with the body of the ovule. The Elements of Botany For Beginners and For Schools Ovary pedunculate, lanceolate, unilocular, with many ovules in 2 series, inserted on the parietal placentæ. The Medicinal Plants of the Philippines This pollen, when shed, falls upon the silk, and each grain sends a tiny tube down inside the silk to the delicate ovules on the cob, fertilizing them and starting them to develop. Ontario Teachers' Manuals: Nature Study But the cells from which the seeds develop are not of the same nature as the normal ovules of a plant. Mendelism Third Edition He can be told that "ovule" means little egg, and that the seed of the plant is the egg of the plant, which hatches—sprouts—into the plant we see. The Renewal of Life; How and When to Tell the Story to the Young Orthotropous ovule of Buckwheat: c, hilum and chalaza; f, orifice. The Elements of Botany For Beginners and For Schools Pistillate solitary; ovary, 3 locules and numerous ovules; stigma, 3 bifid divisions; fruit globose, narrowing at the ends, covered with tubercles; seeds numerous, lacking albumen, having red aril. The Medicinal Plants of the Philippines Inside the ovary are little bodies called the ovules that are moistened by a fluid that comes from this delicate pollen tube, and at once they begin to enlarge and eventually become the seeds. Ontario Teachers' Manuals: Nature Study Each ovule, which is reached by a pollen tube, swells up and becomes a seed. Mendelism Third Edition It is better not to break the tender little pod to show the ovules, even if there are plenty of flowers. The Renewal of Life; How and When to Tell the Story to the Young Campylotropous ovule of a Chickweed: c, hilum and chalaza; f, orifice. The Elements of Botany For Beginners and For Schools In each cell are two ovules; these, if all goes well, will ripen into ten seeds. The Apple-Tree The Open Country Books—No. 1 The peculiar, monstrous condition of the ovules, and the apparently sound condition of the pollen, favour the belief that it is not an ordinary or seminal hybrid. The Variation of Animals and Plants Under Domestication, Vol. I. Among animals the female contributes the ovum and the male the spermatozoon; among plants the corresponding cells are the ovules and pollen grains. Mendelism Third Edition Look at the pod against the light and see the ovules dimly outlined. The Renewal of Life; How and When to Tell the Story to the Young Amphitropous ovule of Mallow: f, orifice; h, hilum; r, rhaphe; c, chalaza. The Elements of Botany For Beginners and For Schools When the ovules are fertilized, the forming fruit enlarges regularly unless it meets with misfortune or is crowded out for lack of room and nourishment. The Apple-Tree The Open Country Books—No. 1 Although the pollen of the reverted purple flowers was in so poor a condition, the ovules were well-formed, and, when mature, germinated freely with me. The Variation of Animals and Plants Under Domestication, Vol. I. It is obvious that a "tall" ovule has an equal chance of being fertilised by a "tall" or a "dwarf" pollen grain. Mendelism Third Edition The ovary is a part of the plant in which grow the ovules. The Renewal of Life; How and When to Tell the Story to the Young Anatropous ovule of a Violet, the parts lettered as in the last. The Elements of Botany For Beginners and For Schools Emphasize to your daughter that the female ovule or egg, and the male egg, or spermatozoa, are minute objects, so microscopically small that a hundred million of them could comfortably lie upon a ten-cent piece. The Eugenic Marriage, Vol. 2 A Personal Guide to the New Science of Better Living and Better Babies If I have pollen which is quite ripe I may perhaps catch it upon an ovule, but if it is not ripe I won't got the cross. Northern Nut Growers Association Report of the Proceedings at the Fifth Annual Meeting Evansville, Indiana, August 20 and 21, 1914 Each of the 2x dwarf ovules, again, has an equal chance of being fertilised by a "tall" or by a "dwarf" pollen grain. Mendelism Third Edition When the child discovers that the ovules are attached to the ovary by little stems, this very important question can be answered,—How are the ovules nourished? The Renewal of Life; How and When to Tell the Story to the Young The ovules in their growth develop in three or four different ways and thereby are distinguished into Orthotropous or Straight, those which develop without curving or turning, as in Fig. The Elements of Botany For Beginners and For Schools The ovule or egg is now in the cavity of the womb where we will leave it for the present. The Eugenic Marriage, Vol. 2 A Personal Guide to the New Science of Better Living and Better Babies Pollen of one variety may not combine with the ovule of another variety or species but may stimulate the ovule to go on and develop all alone, without taking to itself the added pollen. Northern Nut Growers Association Report of the Proceedings at the Fifth Annual Meeting Evansville, Indiana, August 20 and 21, 1914 Generally speaking, the higher plants are hermaphrodite, both ovules and pollen grains occurring on the same flower. Mendelism Third Edition The sap, which is the food of the plant, runs through the little stems that hold the ovules to the ovary, and thus, entering the ovules, nourishes them. The Renewal of Life; How and When to Tell the Story to the Young This is the simplest, but the least common kind of ovule. The Elements of Botany For Beginners and For Schools This lining becomes congested with blood, and is so intensely swollen at the time when the ovule or egg reaches the womb, that it is ready to rupture and bleed all over its surface. The Eugenic Marriage, Vol. 2 A Personal Guide to the New Science of Better Living and Better Babies I speak of the matter as parthenogenesis in advance of microscopic examination of the ovules,—which will be made next year; but parthenogenesis seems to be the most likely explanation. Northern Nut Growers Association, Report of the Proceedings at the Fourth Annual Meeting Washington D.C. November 18 and 19, 1913 In this species, then, the female produces equal numbers of ovules with and without the female factor, while this factor is absent in all the pollen grains. Mendelism Third Edition When the ovule has developed in this way we call it a seed. The Renewal of Life; How and When to Tell the Story to the Young Campylotropous or Incurved, in which, by the greater growth of one side, the ovule curves into a kidney-shaped outline, so bringing the orifice down close to the base or chalaza; as in Fig. The Elements of Botany For Beginners and For Schools The ovule we may regard as the human female egg, and one ripens and falls out every twenty-eight days. The Eugenic Marriage, Vol. 2 A Personal Guide to the New Science of Better Living and Better Babies It is possible that the embryo in the unpollenized chinkapins does not originate from the female gamete at all, but that it originates from a formative budding of other cells in the ovule. Northern Nut Growers Association, Report of the Proceedings at the Fourth Annual Meeting Washington D.C. November 18 and 19, 1913 That the possibility of a difference between the ovules and pollen grains of the same individual must be taken into account in future work there is evidence from quite a different source. Mendelism Third Edition These received the pollen on the stigma, and in some way this pollen affected the ovules so that they began to develop. The Renewal of Life; How and When to Tell the Story to the Young Foramen, a hole or orifice, as that of the ovule, 110. The Elements of Botany For Beginners and For Schools After menstruation is over, the womb begins again to prepare itself for the coming of the next ovule or egg, and as this occurs every twenty-eight days, menstruation is commonly termed the "monthly periods." The Eugenic Marriage, Vol. 2 A Personal Guide to the New Science of Better Living and Better Babies Sometimes two ovules are matured at the same time. Sex Avoided subjects Discussed in Plain English The pollen tubes then penetrate the stigma, pass down the style, and eventually reach the ovules in the lower part of the pistil. Mendelism Third Edition What the child thus far learns is simply that the pollen is in some way necessary to the development of the ovule. The Renewal of Life; How and When to Tell the Story to the Young Ovary, that part of the pistil containing the ovules or future seeds, 14, 80, 105. The Elements of Botany For Beginners and For Schools We have seen that the ovule from the ovary is the female egg, or principle. The Eugenic Marriage, Vol. 2 A Personal Guide to the New Science of Better Living and Better Babies The process is one of continued cell division and growth, and while it goes on the ovule sticks to the inner wall of the womb. Sex Avoided subjects Discussed in Plain English At the same time the fused carpels enclosing the ovules enlarge to form the pod. Mendelism Third Edition It not only assists the ovule to develop, but it impresses upon it its own characteristics. The Renewal of Life; How and When to Tell the Story to the Young So a simple pistil should have a one-celled ovary, only one line of attachment for the ovules, a single style, and a single stigma. The Elements of Botany For Beginners and For Schools Before a child is possible, however, the ovule must meet the egg from the male. The Eugenic Marriage, Vol. 2 A Personal Guide to the New Science of Better Living and Better Babies The development of the ovule in the womb is known as gestation or pregnancy. Sex Avoided subjects Discussed in Plain English These germs or ovules are very small, measuring about 1/120 of an inch in diameter. Searchlights on Health: Light on Dark Corners A Complete Sexual Science and a Guide to Purity and Physical Manhood, Advice To Maiden, Wife, And Mother, Love, Courtship, And Marriage In other words, the seed inherits from the pollen as well as from the ovule. The Renewal of Life; How and When to Tell the Story to the Young The end of the flower is attained when the ovules become seeds. The Elements of Botany For Beginners and For Schools Ovary cut open to show the imperfect dissepiments and the attachment of the ovules. Vegetable Teratology An Account of the Principal Deviations from the Usual Construction of Plants The ganglionic nervous excitement coincident with the maturation of the ovule and the congestion of the uterus, is easily communicated to the vaso-motor nerves of the latter organ. The Education of American Girls Atoms, and ether, and ovules or eggs, which are planets, and their eggs, which are satellites. A Budget of Paradoxes, Volume I The pollen grain is like the ovule in structure, only much smaller. The Renewal of Life; How and When to Tell the Story to the Young Like the ovule from which it originates, a seed consists of coats and kernel. The Elements of Botany For Beginners and For Schools The ovules of a prolified flower are either unaffected, or they occur in a rudimentary form, or, lastly, they may be present in the guise of small leaves. Vegetable Teratology An Account of the Principal Deviations from the Usual Construction of Plants For it is they that generate the eggs, or ova, or ovules, which, after becoming fertilized or fecundated by the spermatozoa of the male, develop into children. Woman Her Sex and Love Life The former represents force, it imprints on the ovule the initial vital vibration which is to be that of each of the cells of the organism in course of construction. Reincarnation A Study in Human Evolution It is so tiny and the anther so small that we cannot watch its development as we can that of the ovule. The Renewal of Life; How and When to Tell the Story to the Young A pistil; with ovary, a, half cut away, to show the contained ovules; b, style; c, stigma. The Elements of Botany For Beginners and For Schools It is separated into its constituent carpels; and these assume a leaf-like aspect, and are in the great majority of instances destitute of ovules. Vegetable Teratology An Account of the Principal Deviations from the Usual Construction of Plants The part of the pistil containing the ovules. Handbook of the Trees of New England After this she applies the pollen to the tip of the pistil, thus securing the fertilisation of the flower and the growth of the ovules in the pod. The Outline of Science, Vol. 1 (of 4) A Plain Story Simply Told The tube is nourished by the juices of the style as it goes along, and finally it gets to the ovary and the ovule. The Renewal of Life; How and When to Tell the Story to the Young A pistil, that is, a scale of the cone, of a Larch, at the time of flowering; inside view, showing its pair of naked ovules. The Elements of Botany For Beginners and For Schools Transverse section through c, showing pollen internally, ovules externally. Vegetable Teratology An Account of the Principal Deviations from the Usual Construction of Plants If a scale from such a cone is examined about the first of June, the ovules will probably be nearly full-grown, oval, whitish bodies two to three millimetres in length. Elements of Structural and Systematic Botany For High Schools and Elementary College Courses She flies to an older Yucca flower and lays her eggs in some of the ovules within the seed-box, but before she does so she has to deposit on the stigma the ball of pollen. The Outline of Science, Vol. 1 (of 4) A Plain Story Simply Told No ovule can possibly grow into a grain without this tiny bit of pollen. The Renewal of Life; How and When to Tell the Story to the Young In Cycas the large naked ovules are borne on the margins or lobes of an obvious open leaf. The Elements of Botany For Beginners and For Schools Pistillody of the ovule.—An instance of this extraordinary transformation in the carnation, as observed by the Rev. Mr. Berkeley, is given at p. Vegetable Teratology An Account of the Principal Deviations from the Usual Construction of Plants A careful longitudinal section of the scale through the ovule will show the general structure. Elements of Structural and Systematic Botany For High Schools and Elementary College Courses It produces and contains in a cell, the female element, termed the ovule. Plain Facts for Old and Young While the cross-fertilization of the same order of plants is so desirable, it is not possible for the pollen of one order to fertilize the ovules of another order. The Renewal of Life; How and When to Tell the Story to the Young Section of the ovary of a Buttercup, lengthwise, showing its ascending ovule. The Elements of Botany For Beginners and For Schools The outer coating of the ovule here contained barred or spiral fusiform vessels derived from the source just indicated. Vegetable Teratology An Account of the Principal Deviations from the Usual Construction of Plants The embryo is elongated with a circle of small leaves at the end away from the opening of the ovule toward which is directed the root of the embryo. Elements of Structural and Systematic Botany For High Schools and Elementary College Courses As I have told some of you in former talks, the womb is designed as a nest for the babe during its process of development from the egg or ovule. Herself Talks with Women Concerning Themselves Each will be produced whether they ever come together or not; only if they do not come together, both perish, while if they do, development of the ovule continues. The Renewal of Life; How and When to Tell the Story to the Young Section of the ovary of Buckwheat, showing the erect ovule. The Elements of Botany For Beginners and For Schools De Candolle states that the position of the abortive ovules affords a good character for discriminating between certain species of Quercus, 'Bibl. Vegetable Teratology An Account of the Principal Deviations from the Usual Construction of Plants These pollen spores are carried by the wind to the ovules, where they germinate. Elements of Structural and Systematic Botany For High Schools and Elementary College Courses In every ovary there are several hundred little ovules or eggs in various stages of development. Herself Talks with Women Concerning Themselves If we examine the young ovule we find it apparently nothing but a little sac full of a semi-liquid substance. The Renewal of Life; How and When to Tell the Story to the Young Section of the ovary of Anemone, showing its suspended ovule. The Elements of Botany For Beginners and For Schools Placentation.—Some botanists have considered the placentas to be portions of the carpel, and have compared the production of ovules on them to the formation of buds on the leaf of Bryophyllum. Vegetable Teratology An Account of the Principal Deviations from the Usual Construction of Plants In the full-grown ovule the macrospore, which in the seed plants is generally known as the “embryo sac,” is completely filled with the prothallium or “endosperm.” Elements of Structural and Systematic Botany For High Schools and Elementary College Courses At irregular intervals one of these ovules ripens and leaves the ovary. Herself Talks with Women Concerning Themselves The Pollen Tube Passing through the Style to the Ovary To understand how the pollen substance finds its way to the ovule substance let us examine the pollen grain a little more carefully. The Renewal of Life; How and When to Tell the Story to the Young In structure an ovule is a pulpy mass of tissue, usually with one or two coats or coverings. The Elements of Botany For Beginners and For Schools Displacement of the placentas and ovules is a necessary result of many of the changes to which the carpels are subject. Vegetable Teratology An Account of the Principal Deviations from the Usual Construction of Plants The pollen spores now sift down to the base of the scales, and finally reach the opening of the ovule, where they germinate. Elements of Structural and Systematic Botany For High Schools and Elementary College Courses But they have achieved their object, the ovules have been fertilized. Some Summer Days in Iowa Every ovule has a tiny opening, or micropyle as it is called, and it is now easy to guess what that is for. The Renewal of Life; How and When to Tell the Story to the Young It will serve all purposes to call them simply outer and inner ovule coats. The Elements of Botany For Beginners and For Schools In some flowers of Rhododendron I have observed a similar condition of the ovules, which, moreover, in the primary flowers, were attached to the walls of the carpels—parietal placentation. Vegetable Teratology An Account of the Principal Deviations from the Usual Construction of Plants As already stated, the ovules, instead of being borne on open carpels, are enclosed in a cavity formed by a single closed carpel or several united carpels. Elements of Structural and Systematic Botany For High Schools and Elementary College Courses In the apple flower the pistils will be found to have one ovary with five styles and stigmas and in the ovary will be several ovules. The First Book of Farming When this has happened, the ovule begins to grow and to develop into a seed. The Renewal of Life; How and When to Tell the Story to the Young Orifice, or Foramen, an opening through the coats at the organic apex of the ovule. The Elements of Botany For Beginners and For Schools Here, too, may also be mentioned the presence of an adventitious siliqua within the ordinary one attached along the same line as the ovules, and partially divided by a replum into two cavities. Vegetable Teratology An Account of the Principal Deviations from the Usual Construction of Plants There are, however, a few plants in which the ovules are very small and transparent, so that they may be mounted whole and examined alive. Elements of Structural and Systematic Botany For High Schools and Elementary College Courses If the ovary is split open, within it will be found a little body called an ovule, which is to develop into a seed. The First Book of Farming The pollen of an apple blossom might, for instance, rest upon the stigma of a lily, but the pollen could not penetrate to the lily ovule. The Renewal of Life; How and When to Tell the Story to the Young Chalaza, the place where the coats and the kernel of the ovule blend. The Elements of Botany For Beginners and For Schools The ovary is partially adherent, is surmounted by a style, and has two or three loculi with an axile placenta, to which several small curved ovules are attached. Vegetable Teratology An Account of the Principal Deviations from the Usual Construction of Plants The structure of the embryo sac and ovules is quite constant among the angiosperms, the differences being mainly in the shape of the ovules, and the degree to which its coverings or integuments are developed. Elements of Structural and Systematic Botany For High Schools and Elementary College Courses OF CHERRY. a, pistil; b, stamen; c, corolla; d, calyx; e, section of flower showing ovary with ovule. The First Book of Farming That the seed inherits equally from the ovule and the pollen grain is a truth that should be impressed in many ways. The Renewal of Life; How and When to Tell the Story to the Young Primine, the outer coat of the covering of the ovule, 110. The Elements of Botany For Beginners and For Schools In no instance was there a perfect ovule, or, indeed, any trace of ovules. Vegetable Teratology An Account of the Principal Deviations from the Usual Construction of Plants The effect of fertilization extends beyond the ovule, the ovary and often other parts of the flower being affected, enlarging and often becoming bright-colored and juicy, forming the various fruits of the angiosperms. Elements of Structural and Systematic Botany For High Schools and Elementary College Courses The ovule, or future seed, is now fertilized and capable of producing a future primrose. The Power of Womanhood, or Mothers and Sons A Book For Parents, And Those In Loco Parentis Thus some of the ovules of the white flowers received an impression of red from the pollen of the red flowers, and grew into red flowering plants. The Renewal of Life; How and When to Tell the Story to the Young Ovary free, three-celled; ovules four in each cell, inserted internally into the central angle, the upper ones ascending, the lower pendulous. The Commercial Products of the Vegetable Kingdom Considered in Their Various Uses to Man and in Their Relation to the Arts and Manufactures; Forming a Practical Treatise & Handbook of Reference for the Colonist, Manufacturer, Merchant, and Consumer, on the Cultivation, Preparation for Shipment, and Commercial Value, &c. of the Various Substances Obtained From Trees and Plants, Entering into the Husbandry of Tropical and Sub-tropical Regions, &c. In the flowers of the Rose the stamens exhibited almost every conceivable gradation between their ordinary form and that of the carpels, while some of the ovules contained pollen in greater or less abundance. Vegetable Teratology An Account of the Principal Deviations from the Usual Construction of Plants The full-grown ovule may be readily sectioned, and a general idea of its structure obtained. Elements of Structural and Systematic Botany For High Schools and Elementary College Courses A number of long hairs cover the ovary, which contains two cells and a great quantity of ovules. Proserpina, Volume 2 Studies Of Wayside Flowers From the inside of each ovary the tiny eggs, or ova, grow, just as the ovules grow in the plant ovary or seed-pod. The Renewal of Life; How and When to Tell the Story to the Young At the same time an extra amount of blood is sent to the womb to provide nourishing material for the ovule to use in its growth. Confidences Talks With a Young Girl Concerning Herself In one case, where the coat of the ovule was imperfect, and allowed the nucleus to protrude, the pollen was evidently contained within the central mass of the structure. Vegetable Teratology An Account of the Principal Deviations from the Usual Construction of Plants Such an inverted ovule is called technically, “anatropous.” Elements of Structural and Systematic Botany For High Schools and Elementary College Courses The fertilisation of the ovules by pollen which falls directly from the anthers on to the stigma can be used as a representation of similar facts in animal physiology. Youth and Sex As the bird approaches maturity, one ovary and its oviduct enlarge, and the ova, which develop from the inside of the ovary just as the ovule develops inside the flower ovary, also become large. The Renewal of Life; How and When to Tell the Story to the Young Although it and the tiny ovules are growing all the time, yet there are greater changes in them when the girl is from twelve to fourteen years old. Confidences Talks With a Young Girl Concerning Herself Even among Conifers the ovuligerous scales are so closely packed that there is little or no exposure of the ovules. Vegetable Teratology An Account of the Principal Deviations from the Usual Construction of Plants The ovule is much enlarged where the stalk bends. Elements of Structural and Systematic Botany For High Schools and Elementary College Courses The ovary contains one or more ovules borne on a placenta, which is generally some part of the ovary-wall. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 2, Part 1, Slice 1 There seems to be a general and almost ineradicable impression that fertilization has something to do in creating the ovule. The Renewal of Life; How and When to Tell the Story to the Young When the little ovules are ripe there must be a nest prepared for them, just the same as there was one prepared for the flowers and birds. Confidences Talks With a Young Girl Concerning Herself It would seem probable from the appearances presented by the figure that these ovules were, some of them, polliniferous, like those of the Passiflora, &c., described at p. Vegetable Teratology An Account of the Principal Deviations from the Usual Construction of Plants M, embryo sac of a full-grown ovule, × 150. Elements of Structural and Systematic Botany For High Schools and Elementary College Courses In Casuarina, Juglans and the order Corylaceae, the pollen-tube does not enter by means of the micropyle, but passing down the ovary wall and through the placenta, enters at the chalazal end of the ovule. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 2, Part 1, Slice 1 The ovule is a part of every ovary just as the pollen is a part of every anther. The Renewal of Life; How and When to Tell the Story to the Young They are egg-shaped, about an inch in diameter, and furnish the germs or ovules. Searchlights on Health The Science of Eugenics It is usually the basal portion of the pistil, the ovary, which is thus specially affected, the margins being also often disunited so as to expose the ovules. Vegetable Teratology An Account of the Principal Deviations from the Usual Construction of Plants By carefully opening the ovary and slightly crushing it in a drop of water, the pollen tube may sometimes be seen growing along the stalk of the ovule until it reaches and enters the micropyle. Elements of Structural and Systematic Botany For High Schools and Elementary College Courses The function of the endosperm is primarily that of nourishing the embryo, and its basal position in the embryo-sac places it favourably for the absorption of food material entering the ovule. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 2, Part 1, Slice 1 With this single exception, the clusters of ovules in the carbonaceous fed hens were uniformly small. Scientific American Supplement, No. 795, March 28, 1891 Secondly, the nucleus of the ovule corresponds with the macrosporangium of Selaginella, through the connecting link of the conifers, where the ovule is of similar origin and position to the macrosporangium of the Lycopodiaceæ. Scientific American Supplement, No. 531, March 6, 1886 In Primulaceæ, wherein ovular changes are very common, the leafy coat of the ovule would seem, from the nature of the placenta, to be independent of the carpel. Vegetable Teratology An Account of the Principal Deviations from the Usual Construction of Plants To study the embryo a series of young fruits should be selected, and the ovules carefully dissected out and mounted in water, to which a little caustic potash has been added. Elements of Structural and Systematic Botany For High Schools and Elementary College Courses The eight series of Monochlamydeae, containing 36 orders, form groups characterized mainly by differences in the ovary and ovules, and are now recognized as of unequal value. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 2, Part 1, Slice 1 But listen to the Darwinian exclamation: "The heavens declare the glory of my little whirligig, and the firmament showeth the immensity of my little ovules." Life: Its True Genesis If, however, a contraceptive is not used and the sperm meets the ovule and development begins, any attempt at removing it or stopping its further growth is called abortion. Woman and the New Race The carpels were entirely absent in this case, and the place of the free central placenta was occupied by a circle of leaves, sometimes bearing imperfect ovules on their edges. Vegetable Teratology An Account of the Principal Deviations from the Usual Construction of Plants G, section of the ovary, showing the single ovule, × 4. Elements of Structural and Systematic Botany For High Schools and Elementary College Courses The carpel, or aggregate of carpels forming the pistil or gynaeceum, comprises an ovary containing one or more ovules and a receptive surface or stigma; the stigma is sometimes carried up on a style. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 2, Part 1, Slice 1 It starts from the inference that if dissimilarity among the pollen grains is excluded, the diversity of the ovules must at once became manifest and vice versa. Species and Varieties, Their Origin by Mutation They are in every female at birth, and as the girl develops into womanhood, these ovules develop also. Woman and the New Race In these flowers the placenta seemed to be composed of several funiculi soldered together, and bearing imperfect ovules. Vegetable Teratology An Account of the Principal Deviations from the Usual Construction of Plants The macrosporangia are also ordinarily known as “ovules,” a name given before it was known that these were the same as the macrosporangia of the higher pteridophytes. Elements of Structural and Systematic Botany For High Schools and Elementary College Courses The result of fertilization is the development of the ovule into the seed. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 2, Part 1, Slice 1 Hence we see that it will be possible to count out directly the two groups of ovules on inspecting the ripe and dry spikes. Species and Varieties, Their Origin by Mutation When it reaches the womb the ovule is ready for the process of conception—that is, fertilization by the male sperm. Woman and the New Race In other cases no traces of ovules are visible, but the funiculi are in a foliaceous condition. Vegetable Teratology An Account of the Principal Deviations from the Usual Construction of Plants After the archegonia are fertilized the outer parts of the ovule become hard and brown, and serve to protect the embryo plant, which reaches a considerable size before the sporangium falls off. Elements of Structural and Systematic Botany For High Schools and Elementary College Courses They are rudiments—hints—that the nut ought to have, perhaps had uncounted ages since, not one ovule, but three, the type-number in palms. At Last Stamens are sometimes replaced by open carpels with naked ovules arising from their edges and even from their whole inner surfaces. Species and Varieties, Their Origin by Mutation At the time the ovule is ripening, the womb is preparing to receive it. Woman and the New Race In Sinapis and in Brassica oleracea foliaceous ovules may occasionally be seen, attached to the placenta by long stalks. Vegetable Teratology An Account of the Principal Deviations from the Usual Construction of Plants This fills up the whole seed which is surrounded by the hardened shell derived from the integument and wall of the ovule. Elements of Structural and Systematic Botany For High Schools and Elementary College Courses Nehemia Grew, the son of a grammar school master who later became a physician, observed and drew plant anatomy, including leaves, flowers, fruits, seeds, ovules, pollen grains, and stamens. Our Legal Heritage : 600-1776 King Aethelbert - King George III Often the stigma is incomplete or even almost wanting, in other instances the ovules are lacking or the cavity itself is only partially developed. Species and Varieties, Their Origin by Mutation At a certain age, varying slightly with the individual, the ripest ovule leaves the nest or ovary and comes down one of the tubes connecting with the womb and passes out of the body. Woman and the New Race The outer tegument of the ovule, according to Griffith, is a leaf united along its margins, but always more or less open at its apex. Vegetable Teratology An Account of the Principal Deviations from the Usual Construction of Plants Owing to the large size and consequent opacity of the ovules, as well as to the difficulty of getting the early stages, the development and finer structure of the ovule will not be discussed here. Elements of Structural and Systematic Botany For High Schools and Elementary College Courses Not yet; they are only ovules, or little bodies which may become seeds. The Fairy-Land of Science And when a pollen grain lands on a pistil and joins with the ovule prepared in the ovary, the two components are united again. Man or Matter If fertilization takes place, the fertilized ovule or ovum will cling to the lining of the womb and there gather its nourishment. Woman and the New Race No inversion can, therefore, really take place in anatropous ovules, but the blade of the leaf is bent back on the funicle, with which its margins also cohere. Vegetable Teratology An Account of the Principal Deviations from the Usual Construction of Plants The bulk of the seed is derived from the tissue of the body of the ovule, which in most seeds becomes entirely obliterated by the growth of the embryo sac. Elements of Structural and Systematic Botany For High Schools and Elementary College Courses As soon as these yellow grains touch the sticky knob or stigma, as it is called, they throw out tubes, which grow down the column until they reach the ovules. The Fairy-Land of Science It resembles closely a peduncle, but has a smooth and pointed apex, which contains the ovules, and is at first not in the least enlarged. The Power of Movement in Plants It construed the menstrual hemorrhage as a subsidiary phenomenon, entirely dependent on the periodic dehiscence of ovules. The Four Epochs of Woman's Life; a study in hygiene Caspary, in an elaborate paper on phyllomorphy occurring in Trifolium repens, figures foliaceous ovules springing from the edge of an open, leafy carpel. Vegetable Teratology An Account of the Principal Deviations from the Usual Construction of Plants H, cross-section of a somewhat older one. ov. ovules. Elements of Structural and Systematic Botany For High Schools and Elementary College Courses Lastly, when the pollen crept in at the tiny opening we learnt that the ovule had now all it wanted to grow into a perfect seed. The Fairy-Land of Science So it was, according to this latter author, with two plants of Lobelia fulgens, though the pollen and ovules of both were in an efficient state in relation to other species. Effects of Cross and Self Fertilisation in the Vegetable Kingdom The ovule is a minute cell with a transparent membrane, within which is the yolk containing the germinal vesicle. The Four Epochs of Woman's Life; a study in hygiene Some of these carpels, thus derived from the ovules, themselves bore secondary ovules on a marginal placenta, as shown in the sections at c, d, e. Vegetable Teratology An Account of the Principal Deviations from the Usual Construction of Plants I, section of a single pistil, × 2. ov. the ovule. Elements of Structural and Systematic Botany For High Schools and Elementary College Courses In flowers of the same age of Primula veris the ovules are larger in the long-styled than in the short-styled form. The Different Forms of Flowers on Plants of the Same Species The editor of the 'Botanical Register' counted the ovules in the flowers of Wistaria sinensis, and carefully estimated the number of pollen-grains, and he found that for each ovule there were 7000 grains. Effects of Cross and Self Fertilisation in the Vegetable Kingdom The spermatozoon penetrates into the ovule and becomes fused with it. The Four Epochs of Woman's Life; a study in hygiene Prof. A. Braun remarks that up to this date no such change has been observed in the ovules of Monocotyledons. Vegetable Teratology An Account of the Principal Deviations from the Usual Construction of Plants From that moment, the two procreating elements are present in the mother at one and the same time: the female element, the ovule; and the male element, the spermatozoid. Bramble-Bees and Others The number of seeds produced is smaller and the ovules larger. The Different Forms of Flowers on Plants of the Same Species With Mirabilis, three or four of the very large pollen-grains are sufficient to fertilise an ovule; but I do not know how many grains a flower produces. Effects of Cross and Self Fertilisation in the Vegetable Kingdom That an affection of the female sexual element may induce variability we may likewise infer as probable from the occurrence of bud- variations; for a bud seems to be the analogue of an ovule. The Variation of Animals and Plants under Domestication — Volume 2 Changes in the nucleus of the ovule.—The preceding remarks have had reference especially to the ovular coats, but it is desirable also to allude to certain points connected with the nucleus. Vegetable Teratology An Account of the Principal Deviations from the Usual Construction of Plants Then why should they escape the common rule, which requires that every living creature, male as well as female, should come from a fertilized ovule? Bramble-Bees and Others In this case the impotence of the pollen-grains on their own stigmas must have been due either to the tubes not reaching the ovules, or to their not acting properly after reaching them. The Different Forms of Flowers on Plants of the Same Species With Hibiscus, Kolreuter found that sixty grains were necessary to fertilise all the ovules of a flower, and he calculated that 4863 grains were produced by a single flower, or eighty-one times too many. Effects of Cross and Self Fertilisation in the Vegetable Kingdom It is also interesting to observe on how slight a difference in the nature of the pollen or of the ovules complete self-sterility or complete self-fertility must depend in some of the above cases. The Variation of Animals and Plants under Domestication — Volume 2 On one of the leaves of this latter was found an imperfect ovule—an ovule on an ovule! Vegetable Teratology An Account of the Principal Deviations from the Usual Construction of Plants Although the pollen of the reverted purple flowers was in so poor a condition, the ovules were well formed, and the seeds, when mature, germinated freely with me. The Variation of Animals and Plants under Domestication — Volume 1 The ovules are of equal size in the two forms. The Different Forms of Flowers on Plants of the Same Species The ovules of a heterostyled trimorphic plant are affected very differently by pollen from the three sets of stamens belonging to the same species. Effects of Cross and Self Fertilisation in the Vegetable Kingdom So that ovules, spermatozoa, and pollen-grains,—the fertilised egg or seed, as well as buds,—include and consist of a multitude of germs thrown off from each separate part or unit. The Variation of Animals and Plants under Domestication — Volume 2 Phyllody of the ovules has been met with most often in the following species: *Aquilegia vulgaris! Vegetable Teratology An Account of the Principal Deviations from the Usual Construction of Plants We thus learn that an ovule is not indispensable for the reception of the influence of the male element. The Variation of Animals and Plants under Domestication — Volume 1 The ovules are equally developed in the two forms. The Different Forms of Flowers on Plants of the Same Species Again, there is a class, in which the ovules absolutely refuse to be fertilised by pollen from the same plant, but can be fertilised by pollen from any other individual of the same species. Effects of Cross and Self Fertilisation in the Vegetable Kingdom It should also be observed that in sexual generation, the ovules and the male element have equal power of transmitting every single character possessed by either parent to their offspring. The Variation of Animals and Plants under Domestication — Volume 2 Open leafy carpel of "green rose," with two deformed ovules. b. Vegetable Teratology An Account of the Principal Deviations from the Usual Construction of Plants I wonder whether the ovules could be thus fertilised? More Letters of Charles Darwin — Volume 2 We may therefore infer that much more vital force is expended in the production of ovules and fruit than in the production of pollen. The Different Forms of Flowers on Plants of the Same Species But the other day I came to the conclusion that some day we shall have cases of young being produced from spermatozoa or pollen without an ovule. More Letters of Charles Darwin — Volume 1 These almost infinitely numerous and minute gemmules are contained within each bud, ovule, spermatozoon, and pollen-grain. The Variation of Animals and Plants under Domestication — Volume 2 One of the most remarkable features in this plant is, that the carpels have often two ovules on their margins. Vegetable Teratology An Account of the Principal Deviations from the Usual Construction of Plants I see that I was pretty right about the ovules. More Letters of Charles Darwin — Volume 2 The ovules in both kinds of males are in an aborted condition. The Different Forms of Flowers on Plants of the Same Species Now I am sure I remember some cases with plants in which important parts such as the position of the ovule differ: differences in the spire of leaves on lateral and terminal branches, etc. More Letters of Charles Darwin — Volume 1 Mr. Salter and Dr. Maxwell Masters have found pollen within the ovules of the passion-flower and of the rose. The Variation of Animals and Plants under Domestication — Volume 2 Specimens of Nymphæa Lotus have been seen in which all the parts of the flower, even to the stigmas, were leafy, while the ovules were entirely wanting. Vegetable Teratology An Account of the Principal Deviations from the Usual Construction of Plants I am glad also to hear of your curious case of variability in ovules, etc. More Letters of Charles Darwin — Volume 2 Man is developed from an ovule, about the 125th of an inch in diameter, which differs in no respect from the ovules of other animals. The Descent of Man With respect to the human ovule, I cannot find dimensions given, though I have often seen the statement. More Letters of Charles Darwin — Volume 1 MULLER, J., tendency to variation. -atrophy of the optic nerve consequent on destruction of the eye. -on gemmation and fission. -identity of ovules and buds. -special affinities of the tissues. The Variation of Animals and Plants under Domestication — Volume 2 It is, however, doubtful if the ovules can be fertilised in these flowers. Vegetable Teratology An Account of the Principal Deviations from the Usual Construction of Plants I have been particularly struck by your statements about erect and suspended ovules. More Letters of Charles Darwin — Volume 2 I well remember being formerly troubled by an analogous difficulty, namely, the position of the ovules, their anatropous condition, etc. Life and Letters of Charles Darwin — Volume 2 To these may be added the numerical divisions in the parts of the flower, the position of the ovules, the shape of the seed, when not of any use for dissemination, etc. The Origin of Species by means of Natural Selection, 6th Edition The number of the seeds produced is smaller and the ovules larger, probably also fewer in number. Darwin and Modern Science It seems clear that in this transformation the lobes of the anther and the development of pollen have no relation to the production of ovules. Vegetable Teratology An Account of the Principal Deviations from the Usual Construction of Plants You ask whether I want illustrations "of ovules differing in position in different flowers on the same plant." More Letters of Charles Darwin — Volume 2 "Angiosperm" means "covered-seed plant," and its characteristic is this protection of the ovules within a special chamber, to which the pollen alone may penetrate. The Story of Evolution The perianth of Rumex aquaticus has been also observed to be occasionally hypertrophied in conjunction with a similar condition of the pistil and with atrophy of the ovules. Vegetable Teratology An Account of the Principal Deviations from the Usual Construction of Plants In all the genera, except Cycas itself, the female fructifications are likewise cones, each carpel bearing two ovules on its margin. Darwin and Modern Science These adventitious carpels frequently contain imperfect ovules and form a whorl above the normal ones. Vegetable Teratology An Account of the Principal Deviations from the Usual Construction of Plants Do they run down walls of ovarium, and then turn up the placenta, and so debouch near the "orifices" of the ovules? More Letters of Charles Darwin — Volume 2 In a specimen described by Mr. Berkeley there were two distinct ovules of equal size close to the apex of the fruit, connected with the base by vessels running down the walls. Vegetable Teratology An Account of the Principal Deviations from the Usual Construction of Plants Structure of the ovule.—The nature of the ovule and of its coverings has been a fertile source of controversy. Vegetable Teratology An Account of the Principal Deviations from the Usual Construction of Plants The latter consist of a whorl of stamens, of extremely elaborate structure, surrounding a central cone or receptacle bearing numerous ovules. Darwin and Modern Science Sometimes all the stamens are changed simultaneously, while at other times some of these organs may be found in which the anther is partially filled with ovules, and partially with pollen. Vegetable Teratology An Account of the Principal Deviations from the Usual Construction of Plants He says he regrets that he did not test the ovules with chemical agents: does he mean tincture of iodine? More Letters of Charles Darwin — Volume 2 It has been shown that the ovular coats may themselves become carpels, and that ovules may be developed upon ovules, p. Vegetable Teratology An Account of the Principal Deviations from the Usual Construction of Plants The number of ovules in each carpel of the superior row varies greatly, and they are often, but not always, inserted in two longitudinal ranks, as is constantly the case in the lower carpels. Vegetable Teratology An Account of the Principal Deviations from the Usual Construction of Plants There is thus an approach to the closed pistil of an Angiosperm, but it is evident that the ovules received the pollen directly. Darwin and Modern Science Very probably, the attachment or source of origin of the ovules determines, in some measure, their number. Vegetable Teratology An Account of the Principal Deviations from the Usual Construction of Plants Yet when I call to mind the state of the placentae in A. luteola, I am astonished that they should produce ovules. More Letters of Charles Darwin — Volume 2 As I traced the placentae upwards, the ovules appeared, becoming gradually more abundant towards its apex. More Letters of Charles Darwin — Volume 2 Again, in others I found small mammillary bodies, which appeared to be true ovules, though I could not perfectly satisfy myself as to the existence of the micropyle or nucleus. More Letters of Charles Darwin — Volume 2 The embryo-sac remains enclosed in the diploid ovule, and within this from the fertilised egg is formed the embryo which introduces the new diploid generation. Darwin and Modern Science Thus, in the case of marginal placentation the number must be limited by the narrow space from which they proceed, whereas in parietal and free central placentation the ovules are generally numerous. Vegetable Teratology An Account of the Principal Deviations from the Usual Construction of Plants In making longitudinal sections of the fertilised ovary before mentioned, I found the basal portion entirely destitute of ovules, their place being substituted by transparent cellular ramification of the placentae. More Letters of Charles Darwin — Volume 2 There will be an important paper in September in "Annals and Magazine of Natural History," on ovules of orchids being formed after application of pollen, by Dr. F. Hildebrand of Bonn. More Letters of Charles Darwin — Volume 2 Here follows a case of individual differences in function of pollen or ovules or both. More Letters of Charles Darwin — Volume 2 On the full development of the diploid embryo of the next generation, the diploid ovule of the preceding diploid generation is separated from the latter as a ripe seed. Darwin and Modern Science In the latter case, however, it will be remembered that solitary ovules are not rare. Vegetable Teratology An Account of the Principal Deviations from the Usual Construction of Plants If you thought it worth while to examine ovules, I would see if there are more monstrous flowers, and put pollen into the ovarium, and send you the flowers in fourteen or fifteen days afterwards. More Letters of Charles Darwin — Volume 2 R. Brown, I remember, says pollen-tubes separate from grains before the lower ends of tubes reach ovules. More Letters of Charles Darwin — Volume 2 But ovules to me are far more troublesome to dissect than animal tissue; they are so soft, and muddy the water. More Letters of Charles Darwin — Volume 2 |
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