| 单词 | New Netherland |
| 例句 | His title became “director-general of New Netherland, Curaçao, Bonaire and Aruba,” which puts the northern colony in context. Exhibition Review: Looking South, Not East, Into New York?s Past 2010-09-16T22:55:00Z New France and New Netherland remained small commercial operations focused on the fur trade and did not attract an influx of migrants. U.S. History 2014-12-30T00:00:00Z Two years later, a second group purchased Manhattan Island from the local Indians and established New Amsterdam as the capital of New Netherland. Building the American Republic, Volume 2 2018-01-18T00:00:00Z After England’s new king, Charles II, came to power, a fleet was sent to capture New Netherland. myWorld: Building Our Country 2012-01-01T00:00:00Z To the English, New Netherland separated their northern and southern colonies. World History: Patterns of Interaction 2012-01-01T00:00:00Z In 1664, England’s King Charles II granted an area of land on the East Coast of present-day North America known as New Netherland to his brother James, the Duke of York. Today in History 2021-03-12T05:00:00Z He expanded the fledgling outpost of New Netherland east to present-day Long Island, and for many miles north along the Hudson River. U.S. History 2014-12-30T00:00:00Z The English continued patroonships and even created new ones when they took over New Netherland, and Rensselaerwyck survived until the early nineteenth century. Building the American Republic, Volume 2 2018-01-18T00:00:00Z However in the 1630s New Netherland began to feel pressure from all sides from the French, British, and the Swedish. "Whose Land Do You Live On?" Reminds Americans Colonization Happened in Their Backyards 2018-10-14T04:00:00Z When the duke’s fleet arrived at New Netherland, the Dutch surrendered without firing a shot. World History: Patterns of Interaction 2012-01-01T00:00:00Z The history of this spot possibly extends even earlier: a checkpoint was set up close to this site in 1673, when the Dutch briefly retook New Netherland from the English. The Old Beer Hall in the Bronx 2018-08-02T04:00:00Z New Netherland failed to attract many Dutch colonists; by 1664, only nine thousand people were living there. U.S. History 2014-12-30T00:00:00Z The population of New Netherland was never wholly Dutch. Building the American Republic, Volume 2 2018-01-18T00:00:00Z The artifacts were found on the site of Fort Orange, established in 1624 as the first permanent Dutch settlement in New Netherland. New museum exhibit details city’s 400-year-old Dutch roots 2018-04-24T04:00:00Z “They were a group of Belgian Huguenot families who joined the Dutch in 1624 on the ship New Netherland to colonize New Amsterdam,” which is now Manhattan, he said. What Happened to Walloon Park? 2016-12-08T05:00:00Z In the Dutch colony of New Netherland, beer production helped to establish the cosmopolitan and commerce-driven attitudes of its most prosperous cities—New York and Philadelphia chief among them. The Beer That Made America 2016-05-20T04:00:00Z Thus, a wide variety of people lived in New Netherland from the start. U.S. History 2014-12-30T00:00:00Z New Netherland absorbed New Sweden in 1655, and Sephardic Jews arrived from Brazil when Portugal recaptured that colony and ended its religious freedom. Building the American Republic, Volume 2 2018-01-18T00:00:00Z I asked Charles Gehring, of the New Netherland Institute, who has been translating the archives of the colony since 1974, if he had heard it before. Peter Stuyvesant and the Fun-House Mirrors 2016-01-29T05:00:00Z The New Netherland Institute is holding its 38th annual seminar at the State Museum in downtown Albany. Author of acclaimed Dutch history book to speak in Albany 2015-09-18T04:00:00Z Then, as you say, I got to know Charles Gehring, who has been translating and publishing the archives of the Dutch colony of New Netherland since 1974. Big City Book Club Discusses 'The Island at the Center of the World' 2015-04-28T04:00:00Z The Dutch West India Company found the business of colonization in New Netherland to be expensive. U.S. History 2014-12-30T00:00:00Z The Dutch Reformed Church was New Netherland’s legally established faith, but persecution was bad for business and other sects enjoyed de facto toleration. Building the American Republic, Volume 2 2018-01-18T00:00:00Z He was director-general of New Netherland, a province that extended from just north of Albany to the Delaware River; its capital was New Amsterdam, at the southern tip of Manhattan. Peter Stuyvesant and the Fun-House Mirrors 2016-01-29T05:00:00Z Duly Noted: In 1664, England's King Charles II granted an area of land on the East Coast of present-day North America known as New Netherland to his brother James, the Duke of York. Three-Minute Briefing: Tehran Rebukes GOP’s “Monsters of Hawk” Letter, but it makes Cotton a Star 2015-03-12T04:00:00Z The board of directors of the New Netherland Museum, based in Albany, New York, announced Tuesday that the City Council in Hoorn, Netherlands, voted to adopt the Half Moon. Replica of Henry Hudson ship heading to Europe 2014-12-17T05:00:00Z She went to Rhode Island and later, in 1642, sought safety among the Dutch in New Netherland. U.S. History 2014-12-30T00:00:00Z Commercial competition sparked three Anglo-Dutch wars in the seventeenth century, and New Netherland became a pawn in these conflicts. Building the American Republic, Volume 2 2018-01-18T00:00:00Z Shorto conducted much of his research in Albany at the New Netherland Research Institute at the New York State Library. Expert in New York’s Dutch heritage to give talk 2014-12-08T05:00:00Z “On Oct. 11, 1614, the Dutch Republic granted a charter and a three-year fur trading monopoly to the New Netherland Company — the first official reference to ‘New Netherland,’ ” he said. Contents of Time Capsule, Long Forgotten, Are Less Than Memorable 2014-10-08T04:00:00Z The Dutch brought it to New Netherland, fusing it with the traditions of Afro-Caribbean slaves and later English colonists. F.Y.I.: Answers to Questions About New York 2013-05-18T06:50:47Z The English takeover of New Netherland originated in the imperial rivalry between the Dutch and the English. U.S. History 2014-12-30T00:00:00Z England had taken the Dutch colony of New Netherland in 1664 and a treaty of 1667 had formalized its new status. Building the American Republic, Volume 2 2018-01-18T00:00:00Z New Netherland was retained by England in exchange for Suriname. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 13, Slice 5 "Hinduism" to "Home, Earls of" 2012-03-25T02:00:05.717Z Tulips are on all seed and plant lists of colonial days, and they were doubtless in every home dooryard in New Netherland. Old-Time Gardens Newly Set Forth 2012-03-06T03:00:22.850Z Friction had soon arisen with New Netherland, although, owing to their common dislike of the English, the Swedes and the Dutch had maintained a formal friendship. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 7, Slice 10 "David, St" to "Demidov" 2012-02-17T03:00:33.923Z On the 27th of August, 1664, the Dutch Colony of New Netherland was surrendered to an English force under Col. A Memoir of Sir Edmund Andros, Knt., Governor of New England, New York and Virginia, &c., &c. 2011-10-19T02:00:19.497Z Though founded as New Netherland, New York was otherwise emblematic of the seventeenth-century English empire. Building the American Republic, Volume 2 2018-01-18T00:00:00Z The nations divided themselves into two hostile, feuding blocs -- the Deep South, Tidewater and much of Greater Appalachia versus Yankeedom, New Netherland, the Midlands and the Left Coast. The Real U.S. Map, a Country of Regions (Part 4): Colin Woodard 2011-10-04T00:24:01Z It states that the orator and chief, called Soenres, announced "the object of the Embassy by ten talks expressed by as many presents," and also that he brought letters from the officers of New Netherland. The Life and Times of Kateri Tekakwitha The Lily of the Mohawks 2011-09-16T02:00:21.817Z New Sweden thus passed into the control of the Dutch, and became a dependency of New Netherland. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 7, Slice 10 "David, St" to "Demidov" 2012-02-17T03:00:33.923Z The first Dutch directors-general of New Netherland entertained infrequent travellers and traders at their own homes, and were probably very glad to have these visitors. Stage-coach and Tavern Days 2011-08-31T02:01:27.587Z Besides running New Netherland, moreover, the company quickly moved on Portuguese Brazil and managed to hold it for three decades. Building the American Republic, Volume 2 2018-01-18T00:00:00Z In 1641, Abraham served on the Council of 12, which advised William Kieft, then the director general of New Netherland, on how to respond to a deadly Indian attack in Turtle Bay. Generations of the Van Dusen Family 2011-07-24T08:52:12Z Also of another Henry Brevoort, a descendant of the original proprietor of the farm in New Netherland, who built the substantial old double house at the corner of Ninth Street and Fifth Avenue. Turns about Town 2011-05-13T02:00:09.213Z In 1663 the whole of the Delaware country came under the jurisdiction of the city of Amsterdam, but in the following year this territory, with New Netherland, was seized by the English. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 7, Slice 10 "David, St" to "Demidov" 2012-02-17T03:00:33.923Z Without firing a shot the English thus took possession of the rich country which the States-General had not thought worth defending, and New Netherland became New York. Dutch and English on the Hudson A Chronicle of Colonial New York 2011-01-17T03:00:47.770Z After four years, she and her family left Rhode Island for the neighboring colony of New Netherland, where Indians killed her in 1643. Building the American Republic, Volume 2 2018-01-18T00:00:00Z Its settlement of New Netherland was lost to England. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 8, Slice 8 "Dubner" to "Dyeing" 2010-12-26T03:00:17.840Z His wealth, arising from property in New York, where also he built the New Netherland hotel and the Waldorf hotel, was enormous. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 2, Slice 7 "Arundel, Thomas" to "Athens" In 1621, the Netherlands West India Company came into being; and in the following year New Netherland, with the beaver trade, which was its chief attraction, was placed in the hands of the company. A Historical Geography of the British Colonies Vol. V, Canada—Part I, Historical Its creators planned the summoning of additional military resources to confront the hostile power of Spain and also the more thorough colonization and development of New Netherland. Dutch and English on the Hudson A Chronicle of Colonial New York 2011-01-17T03:00:47.770Z The Dutch West India Company also founded New Netherland, North America’s first major mid-Atlantic colony, by settling 30 families there in 1624. Building the American Republic, Volume 2 2018-01-18T00:00:00Z Dutch regiments in New Netherland were frequently drilled and commanded by English officers, and riding the wooden horse was a favorite punishment in the English army; hence perhaps its prevalence in the Dutch regiments. Curious Punishments of Bygone Days New Jersey, as has been stated, was originally a part of New Netherland. The Greater Republic A History of the United States As named by him, the river was called the 'Great North River of New Netherland.' The Founder of New France A Chronicle of Champlain Herewith ended the brief period of religious persecution in New Netherland. Dutch and English on the Hudson A Chronicle of Colonial New York 2011-01-17T03:00:47.770Z When he received New Netherland, the duke split off the land between the Hudson and the Delaware Rivers as a proprietary grant to two friends, Lord John Berkeley and Sir George Carteret. Building the American Republic, Volume 2 2018-01-18T00:00:00Z In the meantime, the four men were completing the conquest and pacification of New Netherland, and rearranging the boundary difficulties with Connecticut. The Fathers of New England A Chronicle of the Puritan Commonwealths Of these, Stuyvesant was by far the ablest, and he made a strong impression on the social and political life of New Netherland. The Greater Republic A History of the United States When the earliest patroons had made known to the West India Company their intention of planting colonies in New Netherland, they had issued attractive maps to promote their colonization projects. The Strollers The fort was completed in 1626, and at the close of the year a settlement called New Amsterdam had grown up around it and had been made the capital of New Netherland. Dutch and English on the Hudson A Chronicle of Colonial New York 2011-01-17T03:00:47.770Z A further relation of the Whale-fishing about the Bermudas, and upon the Coast of New England, and New Netherland. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society - Vol 1 - 1666 Giving some Accompt of the present Undertakings, Studies, and Labours of the Ingenious in many considerable parts of the World This river is full of sturgeon, as also are the two rivers of New Netherland. The Bounty of the Chesapeake Fishing in Colonial Virginia The name given to the territory was New Netherland, while the settlement, which grew in time into the metropolis of America, was called New Amsterdam. The Greater Republic A History of the United States It was well known in Holland that the English claimed the territory of New Netherland. The Great Events by Famous Historians, Volume 11 Affairs then came to an open rupture between New Netherland and New Sweden. Dutch and English on the Hudson A Chronicle of Colonial New York 2011-01-17T03:00:47.770Z But even here the Puritan did not find the desired quiet and safety; for several of his band perished in the Indian massacre that sorely visited New Netherland on the 6th of October, 1643. The Continental Monthly, Vol. 3, No. 1 January 1863 Devoted To Literature And National Policy The dates in the four New Netherland documents which follow are new style dates. Privateering and Piracy in the Colonial Period Illustrative Documents The manner in which New Netherland was settled by the Dutch was quite different from that of New England. The Greater Republic A History of the United States "They saw at once that so many families going in a body to New Netherland could hardly fail to form a successful colony." The Great Events by Famous Historians, Volume 11 She had stubbornly refused to recognize the sovereignty of the States-General in the region of New Netherland while at the same time she vainly sought a pretext for the establishment of her own. Dutch and English on the Hudson A Chronicle of Colonial New York 2011-01-17T03:00:47.770Z Five years afterwards, that nation made a settlement at New York, and claiming the whole of the surrounding country, including New Jersey, gave it the name of New Netherland. Stories of New Jersey In witness and token of the truth this is signed by the aforesaid owners, December 4, 1646, in New Netherland. Privateering and Piracy in the Colonial Period Illustrative Documents The fiery Governor Stuyvesant of New Netherland looked upon these attempts as impudent invasions of his territory, and, filled with anger, hurried down to Delaware and captured both. The Greater Republic A History of the United States The before mentioned tract was considered by them the best in all New Netherland. Journal of Jasper Danckaerts, 1679-1680 It is upon his discoveries along the South River, later called the Delaware, and not upon his record as Director of New Netherland, that his title to fame must rest. Dutch and English on the Hudson A Chronicle of Colonial New York 2011-01-17T03:00:47.770Z In the large towns in New Netherland the houses were certainly very pretty, as all visitors stated who wrote accounts at that day. Home Life in Colonial Days This 27th of September, 1649, on the Island of Manhattan in New Netherland. Privateering and Piracy in the Colonial Period Illustrative Documents She went to Rhode Island and afterward to New Netherland, where she was killed in one of the attacks of the Indians upon the Dutch settlements. The Greater Republic A History of the United States Augustine Herrman was a Bohemian adventurer, born in Prague, who, after a career of much vicissitude, made his way to New Netherland. Journal of Jasper Danckaerts, 1679-1680 The first schoolmaster sent to New Netherland arrived in 1633 at the same time as Bogardus, and represented the cause of education even less creditably than did the bibulous domine that of religion. Dutch and English on the Hudson A Chronicle of Colonial New York 2011-01-17T03:00:47.770Z She was the first child of European parents born in New Netherland. Home Life in Colonial Days Widely separated settlements along the American coast were cut in twain by New Netherland and flanked on either side by the possessions of France and Spain. Beginnings of the American People Afterwards the West India Company obtained a grant of New Netherland, and New Amsterdam was fairly started. Comic History of the United States The governor is the greatest man in New Netherland, and acknowledges no superior in all America, except the viceroy, who resides upon Jamaica. Journal of Jasper Danckaerts, 1679-1680 And for a time it seemed as though the patroonship would be the prevailing form of grant in New Netherland. Dutch and English on the Hudson A Chronicle of Colonial New York 2011-01-17T03:00:47.770Z Delft ware was made in several factories in Holland at the time the Dutch settled in New Netherland; but even in the towns of its manufacture it was not used for table ware. Home Life in Colonial Days When New Netherland, in 1664, fell a prey to the English, the colony had among its citizens numerous Germans, most of them Lutherans. American Lutheranism Volume 1: Early History of American Lutheranism and The Tennessee Synod The present State of New Jersey was a part of New Netherland, and the Dutch had a trading-post at Bergen as early as 1618. Comic History of the United States While in their company we conversed with the first male born of Europeans in New Netherland, named Jean Vigné. Journal of Jasper Danckaerts, 1679-1680 Van Rensselaer, though he did not apparently intend to make a home for himself in New Netherland, was one of the first to ask for a grant of land. Dutch and English on the Hudson A Chronicle of Colonial New York 2011-01-17T03:00:47.770Z Sunday was not observed with as much rigidity in New Netherland as in New England, but strict rules and laws were made for enforcing quiet during service-time. Home Life in Colonial Days They invited the Walloons, Protestant refugees from the Belgic provinces of Spain, to emigrate to New Netherland. The Land We Live In The Story of Our Country After New Netherland passed into the hands of the Dutch, the Duke of York gave the land lying between the Hudson and the Delaware to Lord Berkeley and Sir George Carteret for Christmas. Comic History of the United States On the east it is bounded by New Netherland, but that line is undefined; and on the north and west indefinitely by the Indians. Journal of Jasper Danckaerts, 1679-1680 Like everything else in the colony of New Netherland, the original meeting-places for worship were of the simplest type. Dutch and English on the Hudson A Chronicle of Colonial New York 2011-01-17T03:00:47.770Z Also the laws of the New Netherland Colonies, where they had unexpectedly landed, were much more tolerant than those of New England, whither they were bound. A Book of Quaker Saints Englishmen as well as Hollanders thronged to New Netherland, and the people, as they grew beyond anxiety for enough to eat and drink, became ambitious for a share in the government. The Land We Live In The Story of Our Country His ancestors emigrated from Holland about the year 1630 to the colony of New Netherland, established in North America by the Dutch in the year 1621. Personal Recollections of Birmingham and Birmingham Men Returning to England he obtained a charter of the northerly parts of America, inexclusively, although the Hollanders had discovered and began to settle New Netherland. Journal of Jasper Danckaerts, 1679-1680 Throughout the history of New Netherland we find the church and school closely knit together. Dutch and English on the Hudson A Chronicle of Colonial New York 2011-01-17T03:00:47.770Z The Dutch took possession of the country on the river, named it New Netherland, and built a small settlement on Manhattan Island. The Beginner's American History Charles II. granted New Netherland to his brother, the Duke of York, and an English flotilla under Richard Nicholls appeared in front of New Amsterdam and demanded the surrender of the province. The Land We Live In The Story of Our Country In 1621 James I. claimed sovereignty over New Netherland by right of 'occupancy.' The Hudson Three Centuries of History, Romance and Invention This woman, although not of openly godless life, is more wise than devout, although her knowledge is not very extensive, and does not surpass that of the women of New Netherland. Journal of Jasper Danckaerts, 1679-1680 The Council was headed by Captain David de Vries, whose portrait with its pointed chin, high forehead, and keen eyes, justifies his reputation as the ablest man in New Netherland. Dutch and English on the Hudson A Chronicle of Colonial New York 2011-01-17T03:00:47.770Z The same amount of prudence was not exercised by those who came after the French and endeavoured to colonize New England and New Netherland. The Makers of Canada: Champlain Owing to Dutch, occupation during half a century of intense agitation, civil war and revolution, New Netherland had escaped being drawn into the maelstrom of English hates and rivalries. The Land We Live In The Story of Our Country In 1664 Charles the Second resolved upon a conquest of New Netherland. The Hudson Three Centuries of History, Romance and Invention Here and in Albany they brew the heaviest beer we have tasted in all New Netherland, and from wheat alone, because it is so abundant. Journal of Jasper Danckaerts, 1679-1680 New Netherland had, however, other neighbors more powerful, more persistent, and with more at stake than the French, the Indians, and the Swedes. Dutch and English on the Hudson A Chronicle of Colonial New York 2011-01-17T03:00:47.770Z It was under the auspices of their West India Company, chartered in 1621, that the Dutch planted the settlements of the New Netherland in the valley of the Hudson. History of the United States While New Netherland remained under Dutch rule the people had no voice in the choice of those officers whose duties were more than local in character. The Land We Live In The Story of Our Country In 1627 De Rasi�res, the secretary of state of the Dutch colony at New Netherland, opened a correspondence with Governor Bradford and assured him of his desire to cultivate friendly relations. England in America, 1580-1652 The water was the greenest I had observed, not only on the South River, but in all New Netherland. Journal of Jasper Danckaerts, 1679-1680 The man now chosen to rule New Netherland was a narrow-minded busybody, eager to interfere in small matters and without the statesmanship required to conduct large affairs. Dutch and English on the Hudson A Chronicle of Colonial New York 2011-01-17T03:00:47.770Z The Dutch of New Netherland, the Swedes of Delaware, and the Scotch-Irish of the interior "were not one whit behind their Yankee neighbors." History of the United States Exiles to Holland, they declined an offer from the Dutch West India Company to accept lands in New Netherland. The Land We Live In The Story of Our Country After his return home the merchants obtained from the States-General a charter for three years' monopoly of the trade of New Netherland, as the present New York was now first formally called. England in America, 1580-1652 He was the chief man of the place, had been deputy fiscael of New Netherland in the time of Governor Stuyvesant, and held many provincial and local offices. Journal of Jasper Danckaerts, 1679-1680 The devout wish of William the Silent that all his countrymen might dwell together in amity regardless of religious differences was fulfilled among the early settlers in New Netherland. Dutch and English on the Hudson A Chronicle of Colonial New York 2011-01-17T03:00:47.770Z In eight years more, New Netherland becomes New York; Fort Orange and its dependent hamlet assumes the name of Albany. The Uses of Astronomy An Oration Delivered at Albany on the 28th of July, 1856 The English were pressing him from the east, and in New Netherland itself they were aggressive and defiant in their attitude toward Dutch authority. The Land We Live In The Story of Our Country After this New Netherland continued to be resorted to by Dutch traders, though no regular settlement was formed for some years. England in America, 1580-1652 He became the official surveyor of the province, made in 1660 a map of New Netherland, and founded New Utrecht, on Long island, and a settlement in New Jersey. Journal of Jasper Danckaerts, 1679-1680 Can we wonder that New Netherland did not secure a particularly learned and distinguished type of pedagogue in the early days? Dutch and English on the Hudson A Chronicle of Colonial New York 2011-01-17T03:00:47.770Z The natives of New Netherland are very well disposed so long as no injury is done them. Great Epochs in American History, Vol. II The Planting Of The First Colonies: 1562—1733 The result was the founding of the colony of New Netherland, with New Amsterdam on Manhattan island as its capital. History of Holland The population of New Netherland was only two hundred, and though trade was brisk there was little agriculture. England in America, 1580-1652 The territory called New Netherland was the country along the Atlantic Ocean which now makes up the States of New Jersey, New York, and Connecticut. The Story of Manhattan But merriest of all were the holidays which were observed in New Netherland after much the same fashion as in the old home. Dutch and English on the Hudson A Chronicle of Colonial New York 2011-01-17T03:00:47.770Z At the same time he claimed that the territory, north of forty degrees of latitude, which included a large part of New Netherland, and all their Hudson river possessions, belonged to the English. Peter Stuyvesant, the Last Dutch Governor of New Amsterdam New Netherland consoled them for the loss of Brazil. Library of the World's Best Literature, Ancient and Modern — Volume 3 At the close of Kieft's administration in 1647 the whole province of New Netherland could furnish not more than three hundred fighting-men and contained a population of not more than two thousand. England in America, 1580-1652 It was not until the West India Company took charge of New Netherland that it was decided to make the settlement on the Island of Manhattan a city. The Story of Manhattan Among the earlier chroniclers of New Netherland there is the widest difference of opinion about the chief actor in the drama. Dutch and English on the Hudson A Chronicle of Colonial New York 2011-01-17T03:00:47.770Z The authorities at Fort Amsterdam could not, for a moment, admit this claim of English supremacy over New Netherland. Peter Stuyvesant, the Last Dutch Governor of New Amsterdam The government of New Netherland had formed just ideas of the fit materials for building a commonwealth; they desired "farmers and laborers, foreigners and exiles, men inured to toil and penury." Library of the World's Best Literature, Ancient and Modern — Volume 3 The discussions were carried on in writing, and Stuyvesant dated his letter at "New Netherland." England in America, 1580-1652 Years after, when Queen Anne ruled in England, and the English had come into possession of New Netherland, she gave the Annetje Jans farm to Trinity Church. The Story of Manhattan Otherwise we should find it almost beyond credence that a youth of twenty-seven should have been so suddenly promoted from the counting-house at Amsterdam to the responsible post of Director of New Netherland. Dutch and English on the Hudson A Chronicle of Colonial New York 2011-01-17T03:00:47.770Z Thus terminated, in utter failure, the first attempt of the English to enter into trade with the Indians of New Netherland. Peter Stuyvesant, the Last Dutch Governor of New Amsterdam The city of Amsterdam offered the fugitive Waldenses a free passage to America, and a welcome was prepared in New Netherland for the few who were willing to emigrate. Library of the World's Best Literature, Ancient and Modern — Volume 3 The southern flank of New Netherland was left unprotected, and in 1651 New Haven once more endeavored to plant a colony on the Delaware. England in America, 1580-1652 After this, all the Indians within the border of New Netherland combined. The Story of Manhattan With the era of permanent settlers in New Netherland, cradles came to be in demand. Dutch and English on the Hudson A Chronicle of Colonial New York 2011-01-17T03:00:47.770Z They therefore quite peremptorily refused to entertain the petition of the New Netherland Company. Peter Stuyvesant, the Last Dutch Governor of New Amsterdam He was a bankrupt and a thief, who was sent to New Netherland in the hope that he would reform. A Short History of the United States "Finding them obstinate and pertinacious in their contempt of his Majesty," the messengers, probably misled by some false information, took the road to New Netherland, the next day, in further prosecution of their business. The Atlantic Monthly, Volume 06, No. 33, July, 1860 Stuyvesant, fearing that the English in New England, which was on the borders of New Netherland, would attack the city, set about fortifying it. The Story of Manhattan With popular support thus alienated and with appeals for financial and military aid from the States-General and the West India Company denied or ignored, the end of New Netherland was clearly in sight. Dutch and English on the Hudson A Chronicle of Colonial New York 2011-01-17T03:00:47.770Z It is estimated that the whole population of New Netherland, in the year 1646, amounted to about one thousand souls. Peter Stuyvesant, the Last Dutch Governor of New Amsterdam In this way New Sweden became a part of New Netherland. A Short History of the United States Part of these came from England, part from New Netherland and most of the remainder doubtless from the West Indies. American Negro Slavery A Survey of the Supply, Employment and Control of Negro Labor as Determined by the Plantation Regime So they did combine, and called themselves the United New Netherland Company. The Story of Manhattan The dominant nose, the small, obstinate eyes, the close-set, autocratic mouth, tell the character of the man who was come to be the new and the last Director-General of New Netherland. Dutch and English on the Hudson A Chronicle of Colonial New York 2011-01-17T03:00:47.770Z The New England colonies wished to avail themselves of the opportunity to wrest New Netherland from the Dutch, and to extend their sway from Stamford to the Chesapeake. Peter Stuyvesant, the Last Dutch Governor of New Amsterdam English government now determined to conquer New Netherland. A Short History of the United States New Netherland had the distinction of being founded and governed by a great slave-trading corporation—the Dutch West India Company—which endeavored to extend the market for its human merchandise whithersoever its influence reached. American Negro Slavery A Survey of the Supply, Employment and Control of Negro Labor as Determined by the Plantation Regime It was in this way that the name New Netherland first appeared. The Story of Manhattan If any one else traded in this territory, his ship and cargo were liable to confiscation and the owners were subject to a heavy fine to be paid to the New Netherland Company. Dutch and English on the Hudson A Chronicle of Colonial New York 2011-01-17T03:00:47.770Z The province was called New Netherland, and embraced the territory within the 40th and 45th degrees of north latitude. Peter Stuyvesant, the Last Dutch Governor of New Amsterdam New Netherland given to the Duke of York and Albany. A Short History of the United States The bulk of the slaves in New Netherland, left on the company's hands, were employed now in building fortifications, now in tillage. American Negro Slavery A Survey of the Supply, Employment and Control of Negro Labor as Determined by the Plantation Regime There were branches of the Company in seven cities of Holland, and the branch in Amsterdam had charge of New Netherland. The Story of Manhattan It is comforting to the more soft-hearted of us to feel that after reaching the shores of New Netherland, the blacks were treated in the main with humanity. Dutch and English on the Hudson A Chronicle of Colonial New York 2011-01-17T03:00:47.770Z "Thus the Plymouth colonists on the Connecticut, themselves intruders within the territory of New Netherland, soon began to quarrel with their Massachusetts brethren for trespassing upon their usurped domain." Peter Stuyvesant, the Last Dutch Governor of New Amsterdam He soon surrendered, and New Netherland became an English colony. A Short History of the United States In the infancy of New Netherland, when it consisted merely of two trading posts, the company delivered its first batch of negroes at New Amsterdam. American Negro Slavery A Survey of the Supply, Employment and Control of Negro Labor as Determined by the Plantation Regime Many inducements were offered, and men with their families soon began to flock to New Netherland. The Story of Manhattan It is evident that there was no lack of material good cheer among the colonists of New Netherland, and we may be sure that the boys and girls secured their share of substantials and dainties. Dutch and English on the Hudson A Chronicle of Colonial New York 2011-01-17T03:00:47.770Z All persons, excepting the United "New Netherland Company," were prohibited from trading within those limits, under penalty of the confiscation of both vessels and cargoes, and also a fine of fifty thousand Dutch ducats. Peter Stuyvesant, the Last Dutch Governor of New Amsterdam The name of New Netherland was therefore changed to New York, and the principal towns were also named in his honor, New York and Albany. A Short History of the United States Conflicts between the Dutch and the Swedes followed, and in 1655 New Sweden was made a part of New Netherland. A School History of the United States The grants of land, which were really large farms, stretched away in all directions over the territory of New Netherland. The Story of Manhattan If the reader prefer to follow a blazed trail, he will find a path marked out for him in reliable works such as The History of New Netherland by E. B. O'Callaghan, 2 vols. Dutch and English on the Hudson A Chronicle of Colonial New York 2011-01-17T03:00:47.770Z They also urged the introduction into New Netherland of the municipal system of the fatherland. Peter Stuyvesant, the Last Dutch Governor of New Amsterdam Why did England wish to conquer New Netherland? A Short History of the United States New York.%—An event of far greater importance than the chartering of Carolina was the seizure of New Netherland. A School History of the United States Before many years had passed there was much trouble with these patroons, who did a great deal to make themselves rich, and very little for New Netherland. The Story of Manhattan Then in 1664 the English took New Netherland from the Dutch, and Charles II. granted the province to his brother, the Duke of York. Civil Government in the United States Considered with Some Reference to Its Origins For more than a century these distinguished families in New Netherland retained their supremacy undisputed. Peter Stuyvesant, the Last Dutch Governor of New Amsterdam Peace between England and Holland; the former regains New Netherland. The Great Events by Famous Historians, Volume 12 The King had already granted New Netherland to his brother the Duke of York, in honor of whom the town of New Amsterdam was now renamed New York. %49. A School History of the United States But he was no longer Governor of New Netherland, for his place had been given to another man whose name was Walter Van Twiller. The Story of Manhattan Charles II. at length conquered New Netherland, and ceded this territory to his brother, the Duke of York, afterwards James II. Outline of Universal History They bore a letter to Stuyvesant from the General Assembly, in which, withholding from him the title of governor of New Netherland, they discourteously addressed him simply as "Director General at Manhattan." Peter Stuyvesant, the Last Dutch Governor of New Amsterdam The "New Netherland Register" says "This hospital was established at the request of Surgeon Hendricksen Varrevauger for the reception of sick soldiers—who had been previously billeted on private families." Home Missions in Action The second was Holland when New Netherland was captured by the English. A School History of the United States After the colony was well started, De Vries travelled between New Netherland and Holland, and he will be met with again in this story. The Story of Manhattan Now when he first came to New Netherland in America, what did he find to take back to Holland? Dutch Fairy Tales for Young Folks The people of Connecticut," the remonstrance stated, "are enforcing their unlimited patent according to their own interpretation, and the total loss of New Netherland is threatened. Peter Stuyvesant, the Last Dutch Governor of New Amsterdam The elementary school of the Dutch, which was copied in the New Netherland, was thus a combination of a public and parochial, and a free and pay school. The History of Education; educational practice and progress considered as a phase of the development and spread of western civilization The explorers were granted a charter in the same year, giving them a three years' monopoly of the trade, and in this charter the title New Netherland is bestowed upon the region. The History of the United States from 1492 to 1910, Volume 1 From Discovery of America October 12, 1492 to Battle of Lexington April 19, 1775 The English, it must be remembered, claimed not only New Netherland, but a great part of the American continent, on the plea that the Cabots had discovered it. The Story of Manhattan In Holland, Pete still keeps on the old dress of the time of New Netherland. Dutch Fairy Tales for Young Folks He addressed to the States-General an "Account of the Circumstances preceding the surrender of New Netherland." Peter Stuyvesant, the Last Dutch Governor of New Amsterdam The new king assigned to his brother James, Duke of York, the whole territory of New Netherland, with Long Island and a part of Connecticut. The Real America in Romance, Volume 6; a Century Too Soon (A Story Still the trade drew the Dutch away from agriculture, and the real success of New Netherland did not come with furs, but with corn. Two Centuries of Costume in America, Volume 1 (1620-1820) Stuyvesant went to Holland to explain why he had surrendered New Netherland. The Story of Manhattan The Dutch fur trade was profitable, and in 1621 the Dutch West India Company was placed in control of New Netherland. A Brief History of the United States The king has given his father, Sir George Carteret, the entire government of the lands west of the North river in New Netherland, with power to appoint as governor whom he pleases. Peter Stuyvesant, the Last Dutch Governor of New Amsterdam Its domain was included in the New Netherland charter. The Real America in Romance, Volume 6; a Century Too Soon (A Story We can turn to the court records of New Netherland to learn the exact item of the dress of the settlers. Two Centuries of Costume in America, Volume 1 (1620-1820) Then the Dutch decided that it would be a good time to get back their lost province of New Netherland. The Story of Manhattan Settlements were soon attempted and patroonships created; but the chief industry of New Netherland was the fur trade. A Brief History of the United States The boundary line between the British colonies in New England, and the Dutch settlements in New Netherland, still continued in dispute. Peter Stuyvesant, the Last Dutch Governor of New Amsterdam The characteristics of the Dutch of New Netherland were so indelibly stamped, that, after a lapse of more than two centuries, they are still marked features of New York society. The Real America in Romance, Volume 6; a Century Too Soon (A Story They were one of the few distinctly Dutch modes that lingered in New Netherland; but by the third generation from the settlement they had disappeared. Two Centuries of Costume in America, Volume 1 (1620-1820) The Dutch colony of New Netherland had now become the English colony of New York. Count Frontenac and New France under Louis XIV This led to disputes, and in 1664 New Netherland was seized by the English, arid became a possession of the Duke of York, brother of King Charles II. A Brief History of the United States So secretly had the British government moved in this enterprise, that the governmental authorities, in Holland, had not the slightest suspicion of the peril to which their colony in New Netherland was exposed. Peter Stuyvesant, the Last Dutch Governor of New Amsterdam In order to shift the responsibility from their own shoulders, they declared that the governor had not done his duty, and they asked the States-General to disapprove of the scandalous surrender of New Netherland. The Real America in Romance, Volume 6; a Century Too Soon (A Story There are not to my knowledge any portraits in existence of the wives of the first Dutch settlers of New Netherland. Two Centuries of Costume in America, Volume 1 (1620-1820) The Tiger was under the command of a bold sailor named Adriaen Block and he brought her across the ocean to New Netherland, which is now New York. Once Upon a Time in Connecticut Dutch flag was then lowered, and New Netherland passed into English hands. A Brief History of the United States Still the indomitable governor could not endure the thought of surrendering the majestic province of New Netherland to a force of four frigates. Peter Stuyvesant, the Last Dutch Governor of New Amsterdam New Netherland exchanged Stuyvesant and the West India Company and a republican sovereignty for Nicolls, a royal proprietor and a hereditary king. The Real America in Romance, Volume 6; a Century Too Soon (A Story The settlements of the Dutch in New Netherland were in 1614; while Virginia, named for Elizabeth, the Virgin Queen, and discovered in her day, was settled first of all at Jamestown in 1607. Two Centuries of Costume in America, Volume 1 (1620-1820) Trading posts were soon established in the neighborhood, and in 1621 the West India Company was given full authority to plant colonies in New Netherland. Problems in American Democracy Any farmer who would go to New Netherland was carried free with his family, and was given a farm, with a house, barn, horses, cows, sheep, swine, and tools, for a small annual rent. A Brief History of the United States From this time persecution ceased in New Netherland. Peter Stuyvesant, the Last Dutch Governor of New Amsterdam The New Netherland and all the settlements on the Delaware speedily followed the capture of New York. The Real America in Romance, Volume 6; a Century Too Soon (A Story SETTLEMENT.—The present State of New Jersey was embraced in the territory of New Netherland, and the Dutch made settlements at several places near New York. A Brief History of the United States Numerous Dutch settlers had continued to live along the Hudson after New Netherland had passed into English hands. Problems in American Democracy New Amsterdam was promptly renamed New York; Fort Orange was called Albany; and the greater part of New Netherland became the province of New York. A Brief History of the United States Early in the year an earthquake shook severely the whole of New Netherland and of the adjacent regions. Peter Stuyvesant, the Last Dutch Governor of New Amsterdam After the trouble with Dutch and Swedes the English came under the agent of the Duke of York and captured the New Netherland. The Real America in Romance, Volume 6; a Century Too Soon (A Story Soon after New Netherland passed into the hands of the Duke of York, he gave the land between the Hudson and the Delaware to Lord Berkeley and Sir George Carteret. A Brief History of the United States English annexation of New Netherland in 1664, and the concessions of the French in 1763, left the English in undisputed possession of the greater part of the Atlantic seaboard. Problems in American Democracy The Dutch of New Netherland were a jolly people, much given to bowling and holidays. A Brief History of the United States Many of the families who came from the Old World to the Hudson when New Netherland was under the Dutch regime, brought with them the tokens of their former rank and affluence. Peter Stuyvesant, the Last Dutch Governor of New Amsterdam War between Holland and England then raging was ended by the peace concluded at Breda in 1667, when the former relinquished to the latter its claims to New Netherland. The Real America in Romance, Volume 6; a Century Too Soon (A Story The Dutch laid claim to New Netherland, but made no settlement till 1613. A Brief History of the United States A second Dutch war accordingly broke out in 1664, and this time the Dutch, besides failing in their original design, lost the New Netherland colony they had established in North America. The History of England - a Study in Political Evolution The proprietary companies of Virginia, Massachusetts, New Netherland, Canada, and other colonies were primarily commercial bodies seeking dividends, and only secondarily colonization societies sending over settlers. American Nation: a history — Volume 1: European Background of American History, 1300-1600 The Dutch then proposed, by way of compromise, that for the present, Westchester should remain in possession of Connecticut, while the towns on western Long Island should remain under the government of New Netherland. Peter Stuyvesant, the Last Dutch Governor of New Amsterdam A treaty of peace between the Dutch and English, however, made at London in 1674, restored New Netherland to the British crown. The Real America in Romance, Volume 6; a Century Too Soon (A Story They gave to it the name of New Netherland. A Brief History of the United States Thus without a blow, after seventeen years of occupation, New Sweden became part of New Netherland. This Country of Ours Of the political institutions of Holland not so much need be said, for New Netherland was a commercial not a political creation, the factory of a trading company, not a self-governing colony. American Nation: a history — Volume 1: European Background of American History, 1300-1600 While New Netherland was thus fearfully menaced by England, the internal affairs of the province were in a state of prosperity. Peter Stuyvesant, the Last Dutch Governor of New Amsterdam In the meantime there was no profit, but on the contrary heavy monthly salaries, as the accounts of New Netherland will show. Narratives of New Netherland, 1609-1664 In 1664 the English, by a sudden blow in time of peace, had captured New Netherland, the Dutch colony on the Hudson, which then became New York. The Conquest of New France A chronicle of the colonial wars He cast a greedy eye upon New Netherland, for he wanted it for his brother, the Duke of York. This Country of Ours Since then, New Netherland had passed into English hands. Pioneers of the Old South: a chronicle of English colonial beginnings We do not know of any province of New Netherland. Peter Stuyvesant, the Last Dutch Governor of New Amsterdam Under this rule the first minister sent out to New Netherland was placed under the jurisdiction of the Classis of Amsterdam, since the colony was under the charge of the Amsterdam Chamber. Narratives of New Netherland, 1609-1664 A Short Account of the Mohawk Indians, their Country, Language, Stature, Dress, Religion and Government, thus described and recently, August 26, 1644, sent out of New Netherland, by Johannes Megapolensis the younger, Preacher there. Narratives of New Netherland, 1609-1664 Stuyvesant had ruled New Netherland for seventeen years. This Country of Ours He was the younger half-brother of the patroon, and probably the first of the name who came to New Netherland. Peter Stuyvesant, the Last Dutch Governor of New Amsterdam This sweeping grant included the whole of New Netherland. Peter Stuyvesant, the Last Dutch Governor of New Amsterdam In 1637-1638 we find the classis vainly endeavoring to send him again to New Netherland, but prevented by the Company, which had a veto upon all such appointments in its dominions. Narratives of New Netherland, 1609-1664 The delegate Le Bleuw, who had carried charges against him to Holland, was almost rudely repulsed, and was forbidden to return to New Netherland. Peter Stuyvesant, the Last Dutch Governor of New Amsterdam And he had no easy post, for on every side he found himself surrounded by other States, the inhabitants of which were constantly encroaching on the borders of New Netherland. This Country of Ours There was a strong party in favor of war as the only means of wresting the magnificent domain of New Netherland from the Dutch and annexing it to the New England possessions. Peter Stuyvesant, the Last Dutch Governor of New Amsterdam Connecticut, however, hoped that the conquest of New Netherland might annex the magnificent domain to their own region. Peter Stuyvesant, the Last Dutch Governor of New Amsterdam For these reasons, therefore, and on account of the similarity of climate, situation and fertility, this place is rightly called New Netherland. Narratives of New Netherland, 1609-1664 Many Englishmen, dissatisfied with the rigid rule of the New England colonies, had taken their residence in New Netherland. Peter Stuyvesant, the Last Dutch Governor of New Amsterdam Many of the Swedes took the oath of allegiance to the New Netherland government. Peter Stuyvesant, the Last Dutch Governor of New Amsterdam "If I were persuaded," said the Governor, "that you would divulge our sentence, or bring it before their High Mightinesses, I would have you hanged at once, on the highest tree in New Netherland." Peter Stuyvesant, the Last Dutch Governor of New Amsterdam It was then generally expected that the States of Holland would make an attempt to recover the lost territory of New Netherland. Peter Stuyvesant, the Last Dutch Governor of New Amsterdam The South Bay and South River, by many called the second great river of New Netherland, is situated at the latitude of 38 degrees 53 minutes. Narratives of New Netherland, 1609-1664 It was a matter of the first importance that New Netherland should be under the rule of a governor of military experience, courage and energy. Peter Stuyvesant, the Last Dutch Governor of New Amsterdam The storm which thus burst upon New Netherland was sudden and awful. Peter Stuyvesant, the Last Dutch Governor of New Amsterdam The Dutch merchants continued to push their commercial enterprises in New Netherland with great energy. Peter Stuyvesant, the Last Dutch Governor of New Amsterdam When Stuyvesant was preparing to defend New Netherland from the English, he encountered another great annoyance. Peter Stuyvesant, the Last Dutch Governor of New Amsterdam There are in New Netherland four principal rivers; the most southerly is usually called the South River, and the bay at its entrance, Godyn's Bay. Narratives of New Netherland, 1609-1664 This became the headquarters of the government and the capital of the extended, though not very clearly defined, realm of New Netherland. Peter Stuyvesant, the Last Dutch Governor of New Amsterdam Thus a "raw Amsterdam clerk," embarked in a ship of twenty guns, with a military force of one hundred and four soldiers, to assume the government of New Netherland. Peter Stuyvesant, the Last Dutch Governor of New Amsterdam That ships or shipmasters are afraid of confiscation and therefore do not come to New Netherland is probable, for nobody can come to New Netherland without a license. Narratives of New Netherland, 1609-1664 Carrying out this policy, the city decided to establish a colony of its own in New Netherland, to be composed mainly of these Waldenses. Peter Stuyvesant, the Last Dutch Governor of New Amsterdam It is so called not because it runs to the south, but because it is the most southerly river in New Netherland. Narratives of New Netherland, 1609-1664 This I could prove also, were it not that the documents are in New Netherland and not here. Narratives of New Netherland, 1609-1664 Had the Director not been compelled to provide the garrisons of New Netherland and Curacao with provisions, clothing and pay, the fort would, doubtless, have been completed already. Narratives of New Netherland, 1609-1664 Nobody's goods have been confiscated in New Netherland without great reason; and if any one feels aggrieved about it, the Director will be prepared to furnish an answer. Narratives of New Netherland, 1609-1664 They probably remembered the circumstances under which the province of New Netherland had been wrested from them by its present possessors, and they rejoiced that the hour of retribution had thus unexpectedly come. Peter Stuyvesant, the Last Dutch Governor of New Amsterdam His endeavors to counteract this Representation of the commonalty of New Netherland are described in the introduction, and are exhibited in the piece which follows. Narratives of New Netherland, 1609-1664 Of the Reasons and Causes why and how New Netherland is so Decayed. Narratives of New Netherland, 1609-1664 As mentioned by Wassenaer, "comforters of the sick," who were Ecclesiastical officers but not ministers, were first sent Out to New Netherland. Narratives of New Netherland, 1609-1664 Director Stuyvesant, when he came to New Netherland, endeavored according to his orders to stop in a proper manner the contraband trade in guns, powder and lead. Narratives of New Netherland, 1609-1664 The victorious Dutch commanders appointed Captain Colve as governor of recaptured New Netherland. Peter Stuyvesant, the Last Dutch Governor of New Amsterdam Besides, the Director himself considers them so guilty that they dare not accuse others, as will appear from this passage at Curacao, before the Director ever saw New Netherland. Narratives of New Netherland, 1609-1664 In 1654 he went thence to New Netherland, and became provisionally minister of Midwout, the first Dutch church on Long Island. Narratives of New Netherland, 1609-1664 We will only add some description of the persons who have signed the remonstrance and who are the following: Adrian van der Donk has been about eight years in New Netherland. Narratives of New Netherland, 1609-1664 Michael Jansen came to New Netherland as a farmer's man in the employ of the proprietors of Renselaerswyck. Narratives of New Netherland, 1609-1664 They said that the Connecticut river should have been the eastern boundary of New Netherland, and that the whole of Long Island should have been retained. Peter Stuyvesant, the Last Dutch Governor of New Amsterdam It is to be apprehended that if he came now, some new act would be committed, for which reason it would be well to hasten the redress of New Netherland. Narratives of New Netherland, 1609-1664 Hendrick Kip is a tailor, and has never suffered any injury in New Netherland to our knowledge. Narratives of New Netherland, 1609-1664 The history of this little colony belongs to another volume of this series, but some account of its absorption in New Netherland should find a place in this. Narratives of New Netherland, 1609-1664 He has never to our knowledge suffered any loss or damage in New Netherland, but has known how to charge the commonalty well for his goods. Narratives of New Netherland, 1609-1664 The condition of New Netherland, at the commencement of the year 1654, was very precarious. Peter Stuyvesant, the Last Dutch Governor of New Amsterdam It could hardly be otherwise, for the garrisons are not kept complete conformably to the Exemptions, and thus the cause of New Netherland's bad condition lurks as well in the Netherlands as here. Narratives of New Netherland, 1609-1664 He became a freeman, and finally took charge of the trading business for Gilles Verbruggen and his company in New Netherland. Narratives of New Netherland, 1609-1664 In regard to other fruits, all those which grow in the Netherlands also grow very well in New Netherland, without requiring as much care to be bestowed upon them as is necessary there. Narratives of New Netherland, 1609-1664 By whom New Netherland was first Possessed and what its Boundaries are. Narratives of New Netherland, 1609-1664 Fort Orange was, at this time, the extreme frontier post, in the north and west of New Netherland. Peter Stuyvesant, the Last Dutch Governor of New Amsterdam As we shall speak of the reasons and causes which have brought New Netherland into the ruinous condition in which it is now found to be, we deem it necessary to state first the difficulties. Narratives of New Netherland, 1609-1664 The number of English colonists in New Netherland, especially on Long Island, was rapidly increasing. Narratives of New Netherland, 1609-1664 It is the more to be welcomed because on the whole our evidences for New Netherland history come mainly from opponents of the provincial administration and of the West India Company. Narratives of New Netherland, 1609-1664 We have already stated that the cause of the population of New Netherland was the liberty to trade with the Indians. Narratives of New Netherland, 1609-1664 The substance was that New Netherland passed over entirely to the English. Peter Stuyvesant, the Last Dutch Governor of New Amsterdam Yet Stuyvesant retained him in his favor, promoted him in 1652 to be schout-fiscaal of New Netherland, and used him as his chief assistant. Narratives of New Netherland, 1609-1664 "The name of New Netherland," wrote the Amsterdam chamber of the Company to Stuyvesant, "was scarcely ever mentioned before, and now it would seem as if heaven and earth were interested in it." Narratives of New Netherland, 1609-1664 Among these papers was the following, in which Father Jogues, at the time of his last sojourn in New France, described New Netherland as he had seen it three years before. Narratives of New Netherland, 1609-1664 |
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