| 单词 | myelin |
| 例句 | Throughout adolescence, the brain is busily lining important neural pathways with a fatty sheath called myelin. The 57 Bus 2017-10-17T00:00:00Z MS, which affects about 100,000 people in the UK, occurs when the immune system attacks the protective myelin sheath that surrounds nerve fibres and acts as an insulator. Lack of vitamin D may cause multiple sclerosis, study finds 2015-08-25T04:00:00Z The degenerative disease, which often strikes boys between ages 4 and 10, causes the brain’s nerve cells to lose their myelin sheath, leading to an inability to speak, blindness and deafness. Her two sons had a rare disease. After their deaths, she left the Air Force to become a nurse. 2019-05-22T04:00:00Z The idea of myelination, or the formation of a myelin sheath around a nerve fiber — it’s what allows a nerve impulse to move faster — is apparent throughout this effervescent, twitchy piece. Review: At Fall for Dance Festival, Female Power 2015-10-09T04:00:00Z The disease attacks instead the insulating myelin sheath, which is essential for the proper functioning of the nervous system. Stem cell therapy gives hope to MS patients 2016-06-09T04:00:00Z Brothers Michael and Matthew Clark both suffer from a rare form of leukodystrophy, a genetic disorder that attacks the myelin sheath covering the nerve fibres of the brain. TV review: The Curious Case of the Clark Brothers; Dying for Clear Skin 2012-11-26T22:00:01Z The pathology is now understood as the immune system's generation of antibodies targeting the peripheral nerves' myelin – their protective and conductive protein sheath. Sarah Manguso: the disease that stole my youth 2011-01-23T00:05:41Z Normally, OPCs develop into brain cells that produce insulating myelin, a substance that coats nerves and speeds up their electrical signals. New branch of oncology, cancer neuroscience, offers hope for hard-to-treat brain tumors 2023-11-02T04:00:00Z Projections from the oligodendrocyte wrap around the axon, forming a myelin sheath. Fundamentals of Biology 2015-01-01T00:00:00Z Some axons are covered with a special structure called a myelin sheath, which acts as an insulator to keep the electrical signal from dissipating as it travels down the axon. Concepts of Biology 2013-04-25T00:00:00Z Her treatment involves an infusion every six weeks to help reduce the amount of damage and scarring to the myelin sheath. Livvy Haydock: 'Disabled gangsters supported me with my MS diagnosis' 2023-04-25T04:00:00Z This interferes with the cells’ ability to cover nerve fibres in a protective wrapper made of a lipid-rich material called myelin. This Is How an Alzheimer’s Gene Ravages the Brain 2022-11-18T05:00:00Z There is an IR signal loss in the myelin, but the signal is regenerated in the gaps, where the voltage pulse triggers the action potential at full voltage. College Physics for AP Courses 2015-08-12T00:00:00Z Glial cells—often thought of as the “supporting cast” of the nervous system—outnumber neurons and play a role in the development of neurons, buffer harmful ions and chemicals, and provide myelin sheaths around neurons. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z The myelin sheath is produced by glial cells. Concepts of Biology 2013-04-25T00:00:00Z MS occurs when the protective layer surrounding nerve fibres - myelin - becomes damaged and stops messages flowing between the brain and body. Livvy Haydock: 'Disabled gangsters supported me with my MS diagnosis' 2023-04-25T04:00:00Z The latest findings add oligodendrocytes and their essential myelin function to the mix. This Is How an Alzheimer’s Gene Ravages the Brain 2022-11-18T05:00:00Z One of the most prominent of these diseases comes from the body's own immune system attacking the myelin in the central nervous system—multiple sclerosis. College Physics for AP Courses 2015-08-12T00:00:00Z Some axons are covered with myelin, which acts as an insulator to minimize dissipation of the electrical signal as it travels down the axon, greatly increasing the speed on conduction. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z Outside the plasma membrane of the axon is the myelin sheath, which is composed of the tightly wrapped plasma membrane of a Schwann cell. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z If we focus on a single neuron - one instrument in the brain's orchestra - it is coated in a fatty layer of insulation called the myelin sheath. Is a virus we all have causing multiple sclerosis? 2022-04-13T04:00:00Z They expelled relatively low amounts of cholesterol, which made them less adept at forming myelin sheaths. This Is How an Alzheimer’s Gene Ravages the Brain 2022-11-18T05:00:00Z Explain the properties of myelinated nerves in terms of the insulating properties of myelin. College Physics for AP Courses 2015-08-12T00:00:00Z Along the axon there are periodic gaps in the myelin sheath. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z Each one reaches out and surrounds an axon to insulate it in myelin. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z But in multiple sclerosis, the immune system attacks the myelin, disrupts the electrical messages and eventually damages the neuron. Is a virus we all have causing multiple sclerosis? 2022-04-13T04:00:00Z The researchers also found that in mice with two copies of APOE4, cyclodextrin seemed to flush cholesterol out of the brain, improve the flow of cholesterol into myelin sheaths and boost the animals’ cognitive performance. This Is How an Alzheimer’s Gene Ravages the Brain 2022-11-18T05:00:00Z But it may indicate the T cells have been switched on by B cells and are ready to begin to attack myelin. Rogue immune cells that ‘steal’ proteins may worsen multiple sclerosis 2022-03-29T04:00:00Z The nodes of Ranvier, illustrated in Figure 26.13 are gaps in the myelin sheath along the axon. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z One oligodendrocyte will provide the myelin for multiple axon segments, either for the same axon or for separate axons. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z Now he's not only a fully convinced convert, he thinks he can join the dots between the virus and the myelin sheath. Is a virus we all have causing multiple sclerosis? 2022-04-13T04:00:00Z In salamanders, far fewer of these nerve fibers were coated with myelin sheaths, which allow signals to reach the brain more quickly. Junk DNA Deforms Salamander Bodies 2022-02-02T05:00:00Z The disease occurs when antibodies attack a protein found on the protective myelin sheath that surrounds nerve cells in the optic nerve and less often, the brain and spinal cord. ‘I’m going blind. Somebody’s got to help me.’ 2022-01-14T05:00:00Z Figure 26.13 Nodes of Ranvier are gaps in myelin coverage along axons. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z The function of myelin will be discussed below. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z His study, published in the journal Nature, showed the myelin sheath suffers from mistaken identity and is attacked by a confused part of the immune system that thinks it is fighting EBV. Is a virus we all have causing multiple sclerosis? 2022-04-13T04:00:00Z In earlier work, Hauser and his colleagues found that the tissue damage in MS is primarily directed by B cells, which attack the myelin sheath protecting nerves. Epstein-Barr Virus Found to Trigger Multiple Sclerosis 2022-01-13T05:00:00Z MS develops when immune cells go awry and attack the myelin sheaths that insulate nerve fibers in the spinal cord and brain. Two decades of soldiers’ medical records implicate common virus in multiple sclerosis 2022-01-12T05:00:00Z All myelin sheaths are located in the gray matter, which transmit signals along the brain and spinal cord through the gray matter. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z The second type of glial cell is the Schwann cell, which insulate axons with myelin in the periphery. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z To pull that off, axons are insulated with myelin, a fatty substance that speeds transmission. Stuttering Stems from Problems in Brain Wiring, Not Personalities 2021-08-09T04:00:00Z In the disease, inflammation damages the myelin sheath that insulates nerve cells, ultimately disrupting signals to and from the brain and causing a variety of symptoms, from numbness and pain to paralysis. Epstein-Barr Virus Found to Trigger Multiple Sclerosis 2022-01-13T05:00:00Z Another study described a patient with deterioration of myelin, the neurons’ insulation and the cause of multiple sclerosis. How COVID-19 can damage the brain 2021-06-23T04:00:00Z For example, myelin, an outgrowth of the membrane of specialized cells that insulates the axons of the peripheral nerves, contains only 18 percent protein and 76 percent lipid. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z The nucleus and cytoplasm of the Schwann cell are on the edge of the myelin sheath. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z That task is daunting because, as with many peripheral nerves, the vagus nerve has many thin, sparse fibers that lack an insulating layer of fatty myelin, making them notoriously hard to trace. Newly detailed nerve links between brain and other organs shape thoughts, memories, and feelings 2021-06-10T04:00:00Z MS is a neurodegenerative disease, in which the immune system mistakenly attacks the fatty myelin sheath that protects the nerves in a similar way to insulation around electric wires. Caroline Wyatt: MS research 'the urgent search for hope' 2020-12-18T05:00:00Z Damage to the myelin, the protective sheaths surrounding nerve cells in the brain, progressed until he had no motor control, and could neither speak nor direct his eye movements. 'Is anybody in there?' Life on the inside as a locked-in patient 2020-11-26T05:00:00Z The myelin sheath is not actually part of the neuron. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z Myelin is a lipid-rich sheath that surrounds the axon and by doing so creates a myelin sheath that facilitates the transmission of electrical signals along the axon. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z Another report4 described a patient with deterioration of myelin, a fatty coating that protects neurons and is irreversibly damaged in neurodegenerative diseases such as multiple sclerosis. How COVID-19 can damage the brain 2020-09-14T04:00:00Z A study published last year, for instance, showed that the technology was sensitive to damage found in multiple sclerosis, a disease involving the breakdown of the myelin sheaths that insulate neural wiring1. Oxford Brain Diagnostics: turning MRI into a diagnosis tool for dementia 2020-06-29T04:00:00Z Many oligodendrocytes grip an axon and wrap layers of myelin around it in segments, like the stacked hands of baseball players gripping a bat to determine which team bats first. The Brain Learns in Unexpected Ways 2020-03-12T04:00:00Z Glia guide developing neurons to their destinations, buffer ions and chemicals that would otherwise harm neurons, and provide myelin sheaths around axons. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z The appearance of the myelin sheath can be thought of as similar to the pastry wrapped around a hot dog for “pigs in a blanket” or a similar food. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z MS affects a substance called myelin which is a fatty sheath found around nerve fibres. The teenager who laughed in the face of MS 2019-12-17T05:00:00Z Much like the plastic coating on a copper wire, myelin was understood to be vital for neural transmission but inert and irrelevant to information processing and memory storage. Deeper Insights Emerge into How Memories Form 2019-11-18T05:00:00Z And even if myelin structure changed, how and why would this improve performance and learning? The Brain Learns in Unexpected Ways 2020-03-12T04:00:00Z Oligodendrocytes, shown in Figure 26.8b form myelin sheaths around axons in the CNS. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z For oligodendrocytes, the rest of the cell is separate from the myelin sheath as a cell process extends back toward the cell body. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z With damaged myelin, the brain can't communicate with the body as easily. The teenager who laughed in the face of MS 2019-12-17T05:00:00Z But they still needed to pin down myelin’s role in recall. Deeper Insights Emerge into How Memories Form 2019-11-18T05:00:00Z These fiber bundles are white because the axons are coated with a fatty substance called myelin, which acts as electrical insulation and boosts the speed of transmission by 50 to 100 times. The Brain Learns in Unexpected Ways 2020-03-12T04:00:00Z One axon can be myelinated by several oligodendrocytes, and one oligodendrocyte can provide myelin for multiple neurons. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z What aspects of the cells in this image react with the stain that makes them the deep, dark, black color, such as the multiple layers that are the myelin sheath? Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z The disease is caused by the immune system mistakenly attacking a fatty coating called myelin that wraps around nerves in the brain and spinal cord. Diabetes drug offers hope of new treatment for multiple sclerosis 2019-10-02T04:00:00Z The researchers wondered if new myelin might be necessary after the training was over to convert a short-term memory that quickly fades away into a long-lasting memory, a process neuroscientists call memory consolidation. Deeper Insights Emerge into How Memories Form 2019-11-18T05:00:00Z White matter injury and disease are important areas of research, but little attention has been given in these investigations until recently to a possible role of myelin in information processing and learning. The Brain Learns in Unexpected Ways 2020-03-12T04:00:00Z This is distinctive from the PNS where a single Schwann cell provides myelin for only one axon as the entire Schwann cell surrounds the axon. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z A long “tail,” the axon, extends from the neuron body and can be wrapped in an insulating layer known as myelin, which is formed by accessory cells. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z Without myelin, messages sent along nerves slow down, are disrupted, or fail to get through at all. Diabetes drug offers hope of new treatment for multiple sclerosis 2019-10-02T04:00:00Z The results suggest that new myelin is part of the process of engraving lasting memories. Deeper Insights Emerge into How Memories Form 2019-11-18T05:00:00Z The tiny gap between two myelin segments exposes a one-micron section of bare axon where ion channels that generate electrical impulses become concentrated. The Brain Learns in Unexpected Ways 2020-03-12T04:00:00Z Accumulation of these fats in the brain damages the myelin that surrounds nerves. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z But white matter is white because axons are insulated by a lipid-rich substance called myelin. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z These in turn restore the myelin that MS destroys. Diabetes drug offers hope of new treatment for multiple sclerosis 2019-10-02T04:00:00Z But the researchers drilled down still further to ask how specifically does myelin promote memory consolidation? Deeper Insights Emerge into How Memories Form 2019-11-18T05:00:00Z The speed of impulse transmission increases as more layers of myelin are wrapped around the axon, protecting it better against voltage loss. The Brain Learns in Unexpected Ways 2020-03-12T04:00:00Z MRIs are already used to show if there is damage to the myelin sheath, the layer surrounding nerves in the brain and spinal cord. Early MS scans 'can predict long-term prognosis' 2019-07-24T04:00:00Z Many axons are wrapped by an insulating substance called myelin, which is actually made from glial cells. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z Infants born with Canavan seem normal at first, but they lack an enzyme crucial for the growth of white matter, the myelin layer that protects and connects neurons in the brain. The Perverse Logic of GoFundMe Health Care 2019-06-24T04:00:00Z Together these studies indicate that formation of new myelin is necessary for learning because it consolidates memories by facilitating the coordinated brain wave activity between the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex. Deeper Insights Emerge into How Memories Form 2019-11-18T05:00:00Z If oligodendrocytes sense and respond to the information traffic flowing through neural circuits, then myelin formation and the way it adjusts impulse-transmission speed could be controlled by feedback from the axon. The Brain Learns in Unexpected Ways 2020-03-12T04:00:00Z In this disorder, the immune system disrupts communication in the central nervous system by attacking myelin, a fatty substance that forms a protective layer around nerve fibres. Eyes hint at hidden mental-health conditions 2019-04-09T04:00:00Z A key difference between myelin and the insulation on a wire is that there are gaps in the myelin covering of an axon. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z Multiple sclerosis is a disease of the central nervous system that sparks the immune system to attack the protective myelin sheath covering the nerves. Selma Blair opens up about multiple sclerosis in poignant new interview 2019-02-26T05:00:00Z New myelin also appears to be needed for other types of learning—in improving motor coordination, for example. Deeper Insights Emerge into How Memories Form 2019-11-18T05:00:00Z Disorders that damage myelin, such as multiple sclerosis and Guillain-Barré syndrome, can cause serious disability because neural impulse transmission fails when the insulation is damaged. The Brain Learns in Unexpected Ways 2020-03-12T04:00:00Z In MS, a person’s immune system attacks myelin, the protective covering that surrounds nerve cells. This website has a trove of studies, personal stories about multiple sclerosis 2019-02-08T05:00:00Z The length of the axon between each gap, which is wrapped in myelin, is referred to as an axon segment. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z Known as myelin, it is crucial for long-range communication in the brain. Narrower Skulls, Oblong Brains: How Neanderthal DNA Still Shapes Us 2018-12-13T05:00:00Z These DNA fragments affect the expression of two genes: UBR4, which regulates the development of neurons, and PHLPP1, which affects the development of myelin sheaths that insulate axons, or projections of neurons. Why modern humans have round heads 2018-12-13T05:00:00Z One of the most surprising of these new findings involves myelin. The Brain Learns in Unexpected Ways 2020-03-12T04:00:00Z The symptoms of chemotherapy-related cognitive dysfunction pointed to abnormalities in myelin, the fatty sheath around nerve fibers that helps them transmit brain signals. How does chemo brain work? One cancer drug might interfere with brain signaling 2018-12-06T05:00:00Z Many axons are wrapped by a myelin sheath, a lipid derivative that acts as an insulator and speeds up the transmission of the action potential. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z The modern human version of PHLPP1 may have produced extra myelin in the cerebellum. Narrower Skulls, Oblong Brains: How Neanderthal DNA Still Shapes Us 2018-12-13T05:00:00Z Cell and organelle membranes are made mainly of lipids, as are the myelin sheaths enveloping axons. Transparent tissues bring cells into focus for microscopy 2018-12-03T05:00:00Z The oligodendrocyte begins to synthesize myelin at that spot and wrap it around the axon. The Brain Learns in Unexpected Ways 2020-03-12T04:00:00Z Studying the organ 6 months after chemotherapy ended—a long time in the life of a mouse—the researchers saw that “the myelin sheaths were thinner,” Monje says, which would disrupt brain signaling. How does chemo brain work? One cancer drug might interfere with brain signaling 2018-12-06T05:00:00Z For Schwann cells, the outermost layer of the cell membrane contains cytoplasm and the nucleus of the cell as a bulge on one side of the myelin sheath. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z They also appeared to be more abundant around the long projections of neurons that are sheathed in the fatty substance called myelin. Do gut bacteria make a second home in our brains? 2018-11-09T05:00:00Z For instance, in multiple sclerosis, a sheath of a fatty substance called myelin that insulates neurons becomes damaged. A ‘don’t eat me’ immune signal protects neuronal connections 2018-10-28T04:00:00Z New myelin then shows up on an MRI as changes in white matter tracts in parts of the brain that are necessary for musical performance. The Brain Learns in Unexpected Ways 2020-03-12T04:00:00Z They found that depleting microglia was effective: It restored OPCs, normalized myelin, and rescued short-term memory, the research team reports today in Cell. How does chemo brain work? One cancer drug might interfere with brain signaling 2018-12-06T05:00:00Z Because a micrometer is 1/1000 of a millimeter, this means that the length of a myelin sheath can be 100–1000 times the diameter of the axon. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z A hallmark of the disease multiple sclerosis is an inflammatory autoimmune attack1 on the proteins of the myelin sheath, a structure that wraps around the nerve fibres that project from neurons. Immune-cell crosstalk in multiple sclerosis 2018-10-21T04:00:00Z But when myelin becomes inflamed, perhaps due to a virus, that signal gets disrupted. Mysterious paralyzing illness leaves Washington families reeling 2018-10-18T04:00:00Z Prior to our findings, there was no known explanation for how the myelin sheath could be thinned to slow signals, aside from disease damage. The Brain Learns in Unexpected Ways 2020-03-12T04:00:00Z Oligodendrocytes form a fatty sheath called myelin that insulate axons, the long protrusions your neurons use to communicate to other neurons. Growing Brains in Lab 2018-09-25T04:00:00Z If the myelin sheath were drawn to scale, the neuron would have to be immense—possibly covering an entire wall of the room in which you are sitting. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z The myelin sheath provides protection and nourishment to nerve fibres and enables efficient transmission of nerve impulses. Immune-cell crosstalk in multiple sclerosis 2018-10-21T04:00:00Z They destroy myelin, the outer sheath that insulates and protects nerve cells. Family Battling a Rare Disease Sees Roadblocks Despite ‘Right to Try’ Law 2018-06-06T04:00:00Z But until recently, myelin biologists tended to ignore the unique type of astrocyte that contacts an axon at a node of Ranvier. The Brain Learns in Unexpected Ways 2020-03-12T04:00:00Z The electrical messages traveling along axons need myelin to both maintain an electrical charge and to transmit the message quickly. Growing Brains in Lab 2018-09-25T04:00:00Z In the CNS, oligodendrocytes provide the myelin for axons. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z The compound prevented myelin destruction in the animals and reduced neurological symptoms such as muscle weakness, the scientists reported in 2014. To treat some diseases, researchers are putting immune cells on a diet 2018-03-29T04:00:00Z Paus, T. Growth of white matter in the adolescent brain: myelin or axon? Importance of investing in adolescence from a developmental science perspective 2018-02-20T05:00:00Z The myelin sheath is attached to the axon by a spiral junction flanking the node of Ranvier. The Brain Learns in Unexpected Ways 2020-03-12T04:00:00Z Next, they made new spheroids where stem cells harbored genetic mutations seen in Pelizaeus-Merzbacher disease, a rare inherited disorder that causes a deficit in myelin formation during development. Growing Brains in Lab 2018-09-25T04:00:00Z In diseases like Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s, or ALS, neurons die; in diseases like MS, myelin is affected. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z Such damage would require violent concussive forces, something I learned in my own laboratory research on blast injury and myelin. "Sonic Weapon Attacks" on U.S. Embassy Don't Add Up--for Anyone 2018-02-16T05:00:00Z These include the identification of glial-derived factors that promote the formation and elimination of synapses, and the characterization of signals that induce the formation of myelin, the lipid sheathing on neurons. Ben Barres (1955–2017) 2018-01-02T05:00:00Z As the myelin lifts off the axon, the amount of bare axon at the node of Ranvier increases. The Brain Learns in Unexpected Ways 2020-03-12T04:00:00Z Adults with MS, a nervous system disease that damages the material that surrounds and protects nerve cells, called the myelin sheath. For people with MS, a healthy diet is linked to less disability, fewer symptoms 2017-12-15T05:00:00Z It destroys myelin, the protective surface that surrounds some nerve cells. Moms of Kids with Rare Genetic Disorder Push for Wider Newborn Screening 2017-10-05T04:00:00Z That suggests the bacteria might trigger immune attacks that hit myelin, too, as when soldiers who inadvertently resemble the enemy get hit by friendly fire. Gut Germs Appear to Play Role in Multiple Sclerosis 2017-09-12T04:00:00Z As the brain develops, myelin wraps itself around nerve cells’ axons—long, thin tendrils that extend from the cell and transmit information—like insulation on an electrical wire. Why Teenage Brains Are So Hard to Understand 2017-09-08T04:00:00Z But until recently, the idea that myelin might be modified routinely by neural impulses was not widely accepted. The Brain Learns in Unexpected Ways 2020-03-12T04:00:00Z The cells didn’t linger long enough to perform one of their chief functions: slathering a fatty molecule called myelin onto neurons like Tom Sawyer whitewashing a picket fence. Mice Show Signs of Mental Disorder After Injections of Cells from Schizophrenia Patient 2017-07-21T04:00:00Z The more the myelin is damaged, the more the nerves are interrupted, producing a variety of symptoms that vary in severity. ‘There is always life after hockey’: Retired NHL player adjusts to life with MS 2017-06-19T04:00:00Z There was another intriguing connection: Acinetobacter are molecular mimics of proteins found in myelin, the nerve cell coating that the immune system attacks in MS. Gut Germs Appear to Play Role in Multiple Sclerosis 2017-09-12T04:00:00Z Researchers at Harvard Medical School showed that in genetically engineered mice with A.L.S., a substance called necrostatin-1 not only restored the myelin sheath and stopped axon damage but also prevented limb weakness. A New Drug for A.L.S., but the Diagnosis Remains Dire 2017-05-29T04:00:00Z Because myelin is the most effective means of speeding impulse transmission, axon myelination promotes optimal information transmission through a network. The Brain Learns in Unexpected Ways 2020-03-12T04:00:00Z It destroys myelin, the protective sheath that surrounds the brain’s neurons - the nerve cells that allow us to think and to control our muscles. Minibike riders raising funds for genetic disease 2017-03-26T04:00:00Z It destroys the protective coating that wraps round nerves called the myelin sheath. Multiple sclerosis drug is 'landmark' - BBC News 2016-12-21T05:00:00Z T cells and B cells are thought to remove a protective coating called myelin that wraps around nerve fibres in the brain, spinal column and optic nerve. Biology: A degenerative affliction : Nature : Nature Research 2016-11-29T05:00:00Z Zika proteins may share some similarities to nerve cells in the body, or to the fatty white substance called myelin that sheaths nerve cells, Frontera said. Zika Connection to Rare Nerve Disorder Bolstered by Study 2016-10-05T04:00:00Z Our analysis of the molecular composition of these stitch points showed that one of these molecules, neurofascin 155, has a site that can be cleaved by a specific enzyme, thrombin, to thin the myelin. The Brain Learns in Unexpected Ways 2020-03-12T04:00:00Z This molecule helps cells called glia wrap the wirelike neuronal projections known as axons in layers of fatty insulation, or myelin. Stevens spent hours in the lab trying to model the process in a dish. This woman may know a secret to saving the brain’s synapses 2016-08-18T04:00:00Z Ocrelizumab kills a part of the immune system - called B cells - which are involved in the assault on the myelin sheath. Multiple sclerosis drug is 'landmark' - BBC News 2016-12-21T05:00:00Z At the same time, they saw that levels of myelin increased within the cortex. Study of Teen Brains Offers Clues to Timing of Mental Illness 2016-07-27T04:00:00Z “He is leaning towards an infection or potentially a blood clotting disorder that caused damage to the myelin sheath surrounding the spinal cord,” Grant said. Janesville boy fights back from nearly complete paralysis 2016-07-23T04:00:00Z Under an electron microscope these junctions appear as spirals of stitches between the axon and the myelin, and the threads that form each stitch are composed of a complex of three cell adhesion molecules. The Brain Learns in Unexpected Ways 2020-03-12T04:00:00Z They measured the amount of myelin, a fatty substance that insulated neurons. Updated brain map identifies nearly 100 new regions 2016-07-20T04:00:00Z The regions were mapped based on features such as cortical thickness and the amount of insulation, called myelin, around nerve-cell connections. Mind over gray matter: new map lays out brain's cerebral cortex 2016-07-20T04:00:00Z They measured the amount of myelin, for example, a fatty substance that insulated neurons. Updated Brain Map Identifies Nearly 100 New Regions 2016-07-20T04:00:00Z There was also regeneration of myelin, a protective sheath surrounding nerve fibers in the brain and spine that are damaged in patients with MS. Could Extremely Low-Calorie Diets Help Some Illnesses? 2016-06-13T04:00:00Z Both widening of the nodal gap and thinning of the myelin sheath slow the speed of impulse transmission. The Brain Learns in Unexpected Ways 2020-03-12T04:00:00Z In MS the protective layer surrounding nerve fibres in the brain and spinal cord - known as myelin - becomes damaged. New treatment can 'halt' multiple sclerosis, says study - BBC News 2016-06-09T04:00:00Z In MS the body's immune system mistakenly attacks the protective layer of myelin that surrounds nerve fibres in the brain and spinal cord, leading to muscle weakness and other symptoms. Scientists discover an inherited gene for MS - BBC News 2016-06-01T04:00:00Z The team extracted stem cells from fetal tissue — collected from abortions performed at local hospitals — to see whether they could regenerate myelin, the insulating sheath around nerve fibers, in mouse brains. ‘We lose money doing this’: Tiny company caught in abortion debate takes on Congress 2016-05-27T04:00:00Z Without that protein, the fats build up and gradually destroy myelin sheaths that protect nerves in the brain. Gene therapy halts rare brain disease in young boys 2016-05-06T04:00:00Z Instead new insulation is affixed through the construction of a new inner layer that spirals around the axon like a snake below the overlying myelin. The Brain Learns in Unexpected Ways 2020-03-12T04:00:00Z It’s an inflammation of the brain and spinal cord that damages the protective fatty myelin layer that covers nerve cells. How can Zika kill you? Your questions answered 2016-04-29T04:00:00Z The non-hereditary neurological disease is the result of the protective layer surrounding nerve fibres - known as myelin - becoming damaged. Final whistle: How MS ended an England footballer's career - BBC News 2016-04-13T04:00:00Z Six people developed neurological symptoms and two suffered attacks that swelled the brain and damaged its myelin, the fatty material that protects nerves there and at the spinal cord. Zika virus may cause broader range of brain disorders than previously believed 2016-04-10T04:00:00Z Zika exposed patients have had other neurological problems as well, including acute disseminated encephalomyelitis, which causes inflammation of the myelin, the protective sheath covering nerve fibers in the brain and spinal cord. Zika mystery deepens with evidence of nerve cell infections 2016-04-06T04:00:00Z Meanwhile the outer layer of myelin can be detached by the perinodal astrocyte to thin the sheath. The Brain Learns in Unexpected Ways 2020-03-12T04:00:00Z They specifically focused on white matter volume, which represents nerve cells that are coated in a special protein called myelin that improves their ability to send signals to one another. This Is What Happens To Your Brain On No Sleep 2016-04-05T04:00:00Z There is a choice of 11 approved treatments for patients to choose from to help manage their condition, which are delivered through injections or infusions and prevent the immune system attacking the myelin. Final whistle: How MS ended an England footballer's career - BBC News 2016-04-13T04:00:00Z In MS, the protective layer surrounding nerve fibres in the brain and spinal cord - known as myelin - becomes damaged. Ashleigh Mills: Belles midfielder quits because of MS 2016-03-10T05:00:00Z Multiple sclerosis affects a person's brain and spinal cord by damaging the myelin sheath, the insulating layer that surrounds and protects nerve cells, according to the U.S. Low Prenatal Vitamin D Linked to Later MS in Offspring 2016-03-07T05:00:00Z The thickness of the myelin sheath is not fixed; instead it reflects a dynamic balance between the addition of layers next to the axon and removal of the outer layer under control of the astrocyte. The Brain Learns in Unexpected Ways 2020-03-12T04:00:00Z Li speculates that this disruption in signals between these regions was triggered by thinning of the myelin surrounding the neurons, which resulted in less chatter among them. This Is What Happens To Your Brain On No Sleep 2016-04-05T04:00:00Z “The greater your inflammation in the body, the more you inflame myelin in the brain,” Verstynen says, referring to the sheaths that protect nerves, “and sometimes that leads to degradation of the myelin.” Social networks: Better together : Nature : Nature Publishing Group 2016-03-01T05:00:00Z Ageing involves the gradual deterioration of the myelin sheathing that surrounds some nerves, and which, alongside glial cells, comprises the brain's white matter. Ageing: Restoration project : Nature : Nature Publishing Group 2016-03-01T05:00:00Z Leukodystrophies affect the myelin sheath that insulates nerve cells, which are essential to the functioning of the brain and central nervous system. Odd teeth: A mother’s Internet sleuthing led to her daughter’s troubling diagnosis 2016-02-08T05:00:00Z But myelin plasticity can contribute to neural circuit function and learning in another way—by tuning the frequency of brain-wave oscillations. The Brain Learns in Unexpected Ways 2020-03-12T04:00:00Z Axons – the long nerve fibers that neurons use to fire signals to other neurons, muscles and glands – develop a protective layer known as myelin, or white matter. Teens, Your Brain Needs Real Food 2016-01-05T05:00:00Z The immune system attacks the myelin coating the nerves, and the brain can’t tell muscles what to do. Daily visits to pool help woman stave off impacts of MS 2015-11-01T04:00:00Z A result of the body’s own immune system’s attacking myelin sheaths that coat nerve fibers, the disease typically strikes between the ages of 20 and 40, and affects women more commonly than men. Roche’s MS Drug Reports Promising Results 2015-10-08T04:00:00Z Ocrelizumab depletes a part of the immune system in order to protect the myelin. First drug 'slows decline' in progressive MS - BBC News 2015-10-08T04:00:00Z Drugs that control myelin production could provide new approaches to treating these problems. The Brain Learns in Unexpected Ways 2020-03-12T04:00:00Z MS is a disease of the central nervous system in which an abnormal immune response attacks the myelin sheath, or fatty protective layer, around neurons. Melatonin Linked to Seasonal Relapses of Multiple Sclerosis 2015-09-23T04:00:00Z This layer—the “myelin sheath”—insulates the part of the neuron that transmits signals, just like flexible plastic protects telephone cables. Melatonin could help treat multiple sclerosis 2015-09-10T04:00:00Z The disorder is believed to be triggered by immune cells called T-cells that destroy the material known as the myelin sheath that surrounds and protects nerve cells. Seasonal Melatonin Levels May Affect MS Flare-Ups, Study Says 2015-09-10T04:00:00Z In both forms the immune system attacks the layer of myelin that surround nerves. First drug 'slows decline' in progressive MS - BBC News 2015-10-08T04:00:00Z When the myelin is detached from the axon, the outer layer withdraws into an oligodendrocyte, thinning the sheath. The Brain Learns in Unexpected Ways 2020-03-12T04:00:00Z In MS, the immune system attacks the central nervous system, including the myelin that surrounds nerve fibers and the nerve fibers themselves, according to the National Multiple Sclerosis Society. Women Who Breast-Feed Less Likely to Have MS Relapse: Study 2015-08-31T04:00:00Z This process involves adding myelin around the axons, which conduct electrical impulses. Why Teen-Agers Are the Worst 2015-08-31T04:00:00Z The octopus’s neural system lacks myelin and thus evolved a different strategy that relies on local neural communication. Octopus genome surprises and teases 2015-08-12T04:00:00Z An over-the-counter antifungal medicine used to treat athlete’s foot may reverse the damage multiple sclerosis causes to nerve-insulator myelin. July/August 2015 Scientific American Mind News Ticker 2015-07-19T04:00:00Z We found that the enzyme’s snipping of these threads that stitch myelin to the axon can be controlled by the perinodal astrocyte’s release of an inhibitor of thrombin. The Brain Learns in Unexpected Ways 2020-03-12T04:00:00Z "We suspected that trauma was damaging the myelin and slowing the brain's ability to transmit information, interfering with patients' capacity to learn," he explained. Why Concussion Recovery Takes Longer for Some Kids 2015-07-14T04:00:00Z A drug that helps regenerate myelin might also be on the way. Think of Multiple Sclerosis as a Leaking Swimming Pool [Video] 2015-06-18T04:00:00Z Every one of the nerve cells in the human brain is surrounded by an ultra-thin layer of fat and protein called the myelin sheath, she explained. Mediterranean Diet Plus Olive Oil or Nuts May Boost Thinking and Memory 2015-05-11T04:00:00Z In doing so, the drug spurs myelin growth. Drug that boosts nerve signals offers hope for multiple sclerosis 2015-04-21T04:00:00Z When we looked at their neurons with an electron microscope, we could see that the myelin had thinned and that the nodal gap had increased. The Brain Learns in Unexpected Ways 2020-03-12T04:00:00Z Their brains processed information as quickly as healthy children, and they did 9 percent better on the mental skills tests than those with more myelin damage. Why Concussion Recovery Takes Longer for Some Kids 2015-07-14T04:00:00Z Specifically these antibodies ravage myelin, a fatty substance that insulates neurons, allowing them to conduct electricity. Think of Multiple Sclerosis as a Leaking Swimming Pool [Video] 2015-06-18T04:00:00Z The myelin sheath protects the nerve structure and helps nerve cell interaction. Mediterranean Diet Plus Olive Oil or Nuts May Boost Thinking and Memory 2015-05-11T04:00:00Z “You can’t assume that this is actually evidence of myelin regeneration.” Drug that boosts nerve signals offers hope for multiple sclerosis 2015-04-21T04:00:00Z Additional layers of myelin are not added to axons as one would wrap tape around a wire, because this would tie the legs of the oligodendrocytes in knots. The Brain Learns in Unexpected Ways 2020-03-12T04:00:00Z The drugs encouraged new growth of myelin to coat and protect the nerves. Athlete's foot drug may be MS therapy 2015-04-20T04:00:00Z The researchers are now testing the drug in MS patients in hopes of seeing similar myelin. New Drug Shows Promise for MS 2015-04-14T04:00:00Z The changes include a drop in brain volume, loss of myelin integrity, cortical thinning, impaired receptor binding and signalling, and altered concentrations of various brain metabolites. The upside of losing one's memory 2015-03-13T04:00:00Z They applied 1,000 different molecules to the plates, then measured the thickness of the myelin rings. On the Hunt for a Multiple Sclerosis Cure The myelin sheath is crucial for optimal transmission, but people begin to lose myelin in the cerebral cortex in their senior years. The Brain Learns in Unexpected Ways 2020-03-12T04:00:00Z In MS, the body's immune system mistakes myelin for a foreign body and attacks it. Athlete's foot drug may be MS therapy 2015-04-20T04:00:00Z MS, an often disabling disease of the central nervous system, damages myelin, the fatty substance that protects nerves. New Drug Shows Promise for MS 2015-04-14T04:00:00Z These axons are covered in a protective coating called myelin during development, in a precise sequence that begins in the womb and continues for the first decade or so after birth. Neuroscience: The brain, interrupted 2015-02-02T05:00:00Z That's the phase where the immune system is actively attacking the myelin. Early Study Says Stem Cells May Reverse Multiple Sclerosis Disability 2015-01-20T05:00:00Z The myelin that has already formed on axons has to be thickened or thinned in a controlled way to speed or slow signal transmission. The Brain Learns in Unexpected Ways 2020-03-12T04:00:00Z The researchers concluded the HPV vaccine does not increase the risk for multiple sclerosis or similar diseases that cause damage to the protective covering -- called myelin -- that surrounds nerve cells. Study: HPV Vaccine Doesn't Increase Risk for Multiple Sclerosis 2015-01-06T05:00:00Z The trial included 82 people with acute optic neuritis, an eye problem that causes inflammation, damage to nerve fibers and loss of myelin within the optic nerve. New Drug Shows Promise for MS 2015-04-14T04:00:00Z Multiple sclerosis is a type of central demyelinating disease, a condition in which the protective cover around nerves, called myelin, breaks down, preventing electrical impulses from traveling fast and efficiently across nerve cells. Gardasil HPV Vaccine Not Linked to Multiple Sclerosis or Related Diseases 2015-01-06T05:00:00Z Glial cells perform essential functions such as providing a myelin sheath around the neurons to enable fast transmission of nerve signals and helping to maintain the correct ion concentration. Neurobiology: Unrestrained excitement : Nature : Nature Publishing Group 2014-07-08T04:00:00Z Our experiments support a new hypothesis: the myelin sheath’s changes in thickness represent a new form of nervous system plasticity governed by the addition and subtraction of myelin. The Brain Learns in Unexpected Ways 2020-03-12T04:00:00Z Animals were evaluated at various time points to examine the effects of neuronal activity on myelin-forming cells and myelin microstructure, as well as the functional consequences of neuronal activity–regulated myelin changes. [Research Article] Neuronal Activity Promotes Oligodendrogenesis and Adaptive Myelination in the Mammalian Brain 2014-05-01T18:26:14.316Z Oligodendrocytes generate multiple myelin sheaths, lipid-rich extensions of specialized plasma membrane that spirally coat condensed layers around neurons. [Perspective] A New Wrap for Neuronal Activity? 2014-05-01T18:25:58.611Z Most of the therapies developed so far target MS, which occurs when the immune system attacks the myelin sheath that protects neurons in the brain and spinal cord. Immunology: A tolerant approach 2014-03-26T18:20:25.689Z But how does an enriched environment trigger myelin repair in the first place? Naturally Occurring Packets Show Promise for Protecting Nerve Fibers in the Brain 2014-03-05T13:00:00Z The prevention of new myelin formation also weakened connections and resulted in a type of impaired recall often found in people who have difficulty associating fear after a traumatic event with the appropriate context. The Brain Learns in Unexpected Ways 2020-03-12T04:00:00Z Neuronal activity regulates OPC proliferation, differentiation, and myelin remodeling in the murine brain with accompanying changes in behavioral function. [Research Article] Neuronal Activity Promotes Oligodendrogenesis and Adaptive Myelination in the Mammalian Brain 2014-05-01T18:26:14.316Z Researchers at the University of Wisconsin–Madison found that during sleep, activity ramps up in genes that are involved in producing oligodendrocytes—brain cells responsible for coating neurons with myelin. How Sleep Protects the Brain over Time 2014-01-28T13:00:00Z Krzysztof Selmaj's group at the Medical University of Lodz in Poland designed a similar therapy for the disease using three myelin peptides delivered through a patch that users wear on their skin. Immunology: A tolerant approach 2014-03-26T18:20:25.689Z Multiple sclerosis is a chronic disease in which the body's own immune system attacks the myelin sheaths that protect nerve fibers in the brain, spinal cord and optic nerves. FDA advisory panel supports approval of Sanofi MS drug Lemtrada 2013-11-13T22:06:07Z They used brain scans to look at myelin - the insulation that develops from birth within the circuitry of the brain. Toddler brain scan language insight 2013-10-09T00:58:15Z Four weeks later, an increase in newly generated oligodendrocytes and increased myelin sheath thickness were found within the stimulated premotor circuit. [Research Article] Neuronal Activity Promotes Oligodendrogenesis and Adaptive Myelination in the Mammalian Brain 2014-05-01T18:26:14.316Z In MS patients the body's immune system attacks and destroys the myelin coating of nerves in the brain and spinal cord. Number of MS patients 'growing' 2013-09-26T12:25:02Z As a result, MS patients typically are not diagnosed until they display often-debilitating symptoms relating to myelin loss. Focus Shifts to Gray Matter in Search for the Cause of Multiple Sclerosis 2013-09-19T16:45:00.723Z Oligodendrocytes produce the myelin sheath, the insulating material that surrounds nerve fibres called axons. Neuroscience: Map the other brain 2013-09-05T20:20:29.767Z The researchers therefore expected more myelin to develop in the left-hand side of the brain, as the children learned more language. Toddler brain scan language insight 2013-10-09T00:58:15Z Scientists are only just unravelling the precise mysteries of why we sleep In MS, the body's immune system attacks and destroys the myelin coating of nerves in the brain and spinal cord. Sleep 'boosts brain cell numbers' 2013-09-04T01:17:39Z The study, which looked at myelin regeneration in human tissue samples and in mice, was funded by the MS Society, the Wellcome Trust and the Multiple Sclerosis Society of Canada. Research looks at MS damage repair 2013-07-21T16:59:01Z In people with MS myelin degrades and nerve fibers are left exposed, causing problems in motor coordination and loss of senses. Focus Shifts to Gray Matter in Search for the Cause of Multiple Sclerosis 2013-09-19T16:45:00.723Z In multiple sclerosis, the myelin sheaths around axons become damaged, and in HIV-associated neurological conditions, the virus infects astrocytes and microglia, not neurons. Neuroscience: Map the other brain 2013-09-05T20:20:29.767Z To their surprise, they found the distribution of myelin is fixed from the age of four, suggesting the brain is most plastic in very early life. Toddler brain scan language insight 2013-10-09T00:58:15Z As more and more of this coating, myelin sheath, is destroyed, the nerves become more and more damaged. Multiple sclerosis won’t stop Chris Wright from pursuing NBA dream 2013-07-04T17:32:41Z In MS patients the protective layer around nerve cells in the brain, known as myelin, is broken down. Research looks at MS damage repair 2013-07-21T16:59:01Z White matter consists of bundles of axons covered in myelin, a white insulating fatty layer. Focus Shifts to Gray Matter in Search for the Cause of Multiple Sclerosis 2013-09-19T16:45:00.723Z You could think of mature oligodendrocytes as your brain’s electrical contractors: These glial cells sheath your neurons’ connective cables in the insulator protein myelin, which keeps synaptic signaling fast and efficient. A Secret Society of Cells Runs Your Brain 2013-06-24T22:45:05.087Z The disease is caused by the body's immune system thinking that myelin is a foreign body like a flu virus. Immune training MS trial 'safe' 2013-06-06T06:18:21Z The drug, which requires monthly fusions that last approximately two hours, fends off those cells in the body mistakenly attacking the myelin sheath, thereby slowing degeneration of the nerves. Multiple sclerosis won’t stop Chris Wright from pursuing NBA dream 2013-07-04T17:32:41Z There is no cure but current treatments concentrate on limiting the damage to myelin. Research looks at MS damage repair 2013-07-21T16:59:01Z When using a microscope to look at brain tissue, scientists are struck by the degradation in the myelin in samples from patients with MS. Focus Shifts to Gray Matter in Search for the Cause of Multiple Sclerosis 2013-09-19T16:45:00.723Z The disease hinders development of the myelin sheath, a fatty covering that protects the brain's nerve fibers. Former Bills QB Kelly battling cancer of the jaw 2013-06-03T13:05:09Z They took blood samples and coupled white blood cells, a part of the immune system, to fragments of myelin. Immune training MS trial 'safe' 2013-06-06T06:18:21Z In MS, the protective sheath or layer around nerves, called myelin, comes under attack which, in turn, leaves the nerves open to damaged. Simple eye scan can reveal MS damage 2012-12-25T00:27:17Z Approved therapies for multiple sclerosis work by reducing the initial myelin injury - they do not promote myelin regeneration. Research looks at MS damage repair 2013-07-21T16:59:01Z The buildup in the brain, along with unusual patterns of the insulation called myelin that lines nerve cells, are characteristic of the disorder. Gene therapy extends life of 13 children with deadly disorder 2012-12-20T01:56:01Z With MS, the protective layer around nerves, known as the myelin sheath, becomes damaged. Highest MS rate in Orkney Islands 2012-12-10T11:19:18Z Being able to specifically stop the immune system attacking myelin but still keeping it fully functional poses an exciting potential therapy for people with MS. Immune training MS trial 'safe' 2013-06-06T06:18:21Z Unlike nerve cells in the rest of the brain which are covered with protective myelin, the nerve cells in the retina are bare with no myelin coat. Simple eye scan can reveal MS damage 2012-12-25T00:27:17Z It is caused by an overactive immune system that destroys the myelin sheath that protects nerves. Biogen says new look at data bolsters oral MS drug 2012-10-12T14:06:15Z Most infants are born with very little myelin and develop it over time. Stem Cells Safe for Rare Brain Disorder 2012-10-10T21:15:00Z Glial cells play a largely supportive role, protecting and nourishing neurons, but a type of glial cell known as an oligodendrocyte is also responsible for producing myelin. The story of a lonely brain 2012-10-01T23:15:06.163Z The team treated the brain tissue with a stain that marks myelin and compared analogous parts of fetal, infant, and young chimpanzee brains to human brains at similar growth stages. Compared With Chimps, Humans Slow to Insulate Nerve Fibers 2012-09-24T21:20:45Z One purpose of myelin, scientists think, is to reduce "leakage" of electric current as electrochemical signals zip to and fro. Early Isolation Impairs Brain Connections 2012-09-13T22:17:00Z M.S. is an autoimmune disease that damages the myelin sheath surrounding the nerve cells. Multiple Sclerosis Drug Doesn’t Stop Disability, Study Finds 2012-07-18T00:14:32Z Progesterone also may blunt cellular damage from free radicals and promote myelin production in damaged nerve cells, experts believe. Study Tests if Progesterone Can Save Lives After Brain Injury 2012-06-18T19:33:50Z Electron microscopy also revealed significantly thinner myelin sheaths. The story of a lonely brain 2012-10-01T23:15:06.163Z However, Sherwood says, "extraordinarily little data exists" on brain growth and the development of myelin in our closest genetic relatives, chimpanzees. Compared With Chimps, Humans Slow to Insulate Nerve Fibers 2012-09-24T21:20:45Z When the myelin is thin or damaged, the signals can't travel as fast; that slowdown can impair many different brain functions, including motor control, language, and memory. Early Isolation Impairs Brain Connections 2012-09-13T22:17:00Z PMD is a progressive and fatal disorder in which a genetic mutation inhibits the normal growth of myelin, a protective material that envelopes nerve fibers in the brain. Stem Cells Move Into Prime Time 2012-06-18T19:50:06Z The disease is caused by producing too much of a protein needed in myelin, which then becomes stuck inside the cells. Cholesterol 'helps' damaged brain 2012-06-17T17:24:50Z Shortly after, another study from Boston Children’s Hospital showed that if specific ErbB receptors in mice are blocked, oligodendrocytes are stunted, myelin is thinner and impulses travel more slowly down axons. The story of a lonely brain 2012-10-01T23:15:06.163Z The pattern in chimps is similar to that in macaques, suggesting that the pattern and rate of myelin growth in the human brain is unique, Sherwood says. Compared With Chimps, Humans Slow to Insulate Nerve Fibers 2012-09-24T21:20:45Z NRG1 plays a role in fostering an oligodendrocyte's full development of long, complex branches that reach out to neurons and wrap neuronal axons in thick, protective myelin sheaths. Early Isolation Impairs Brain Connections 2012-09-13T22:17:00Z When neural stem stems were injected into in mice, they showed "robust engraftment and migration, the formation of new myelin," Tsukamoto said. Stem Cells Move Into Prime Time 2012-06-18T19:50:06Z The fatty myelin sheath, light green, around the nerve is vital. Cholesterol 'helps' damaged brain 2012-06-17T17:24:50Z For a start there are other interpretations of how myelin deficiencies could cause behavioural changes. The story of a lonely brain 2012-10-01T23:15:06.163Z The nerve fibers, or axons, that connect neurons are usually protected by myelin, which enhances the neural relay of information throughout the brain. Compared With Chimps, Humans Slow to Insulate Nerve Fibers 2012-09-24T21:20:45Z MS is a disease in which immune system cells destroy the myelin sheath that protects the nerve cells in the brain and spinal cord. Cannabis fails to slow progress of multiple sclerosis in UK study 2012-05-28T23:03:01Z Without myelin, nerve signals are lost, and the patient, usually an infant, suffers degenerating motor coordination and other neurological symptoms. Stem Cells Move Into Prime Time 2012-06-18T19:50:06Z Fatty tissue called myelin wraps around neurons, speeding up signal transmission in brain cells, particularly between brain regions. Science in court: Arrested development 2012-04-18T17:20:47.020Z This fatty white substance insulates axons with a myelin sheath, speeding up the transmission of electrical impulses by a factor of up to at least 50, compared to unmyelinated axons. The story of a lonely brain 2012-10-01T23:15:06.163Z An early gene patenting battle concerned Canavan disease, which strips brain cells of their insulating myelin coating beginning in infancy and usually lethal in childhood. Are DNA Patents Doomed? 2012-04-03T15:15:00.240Z In two cases Dejerine reports finding changes in the intramuscular nerves, such as liquefaction of myelin and loss of axis cylinders. A System of Practical Medicine by American Authors, Vol. I Volume 1: Pathology and General Diseases 2012-03-17T02:00:54.097Z Injected into rodents, the cells don't form tumors; rather, they migrate through the animals' brains, where they differentiate into various types of neural cells including the cells that create the myelin that protects nerve fibers. Stem Cells Move Into Prime Time 2012-06-18T19:50:06Z We also see an increase in the white matter, or myelin. Your Teen s Brain: Driving without the Brakes 2012-03-15T17:45:03.763Z Observations such as these led a team at Boston Children’s Hospital, led by neurobiologist Gabriel Corfas, to investigate the effects of social isolation on mice bioengineered to develop fluorescent oligodendrocytes – the cells that produce myelin. The story of a lonely brain 2012-10-01T23:15:06.163Z By the next day he was completely paralyzed with a respirator breathing for him: Guillain-Barré syndrome, an autoimmune disease, was rapidly and efficiently stripping his motor nerves of their myelin sheathing, short-circuiting them all. Books: ?Blue Water, White Water? Review - Sleepless and in Pain, a Patient Watched 2012-03-12T17:18:48Z When they transplanted the freshly made oligodendrocytes into rats after a spinal cord injury, new myelin formed around the injured nerves and the rats regained some movement. Stem Cells: Flexible friends 2012-02-29T18:21:27.080Z Moreover, magnetic resonance imaging taken 18 months later indicated the formation of new myelin around axons and clinical observations of the treated patients indicated that their motor functions remained stable or enjoyed modest gains. Stem Cells Move Into Prime Time 2012-06-18T19:50:06Z The myelin acts as an insulator and enhances communication at the cellular level. Your Teen s Brain: Driving without the Brakes 2012-03-15T17:45:03.763Z R Douglas Fields and colleagues published a paper last year showing that a neurotransmitter called glutamate, released along axons in response to electrical activity, increases myelination by stimulating production of myelin proteins in oligodendrocytes. The story of a lonely brain 2012-10-01T23:15:06.163Z In M.S., the body’s immune system damages neurons in the brain and spinal cord, attacking the myelin sheath that insulates these nerves. New Drugs Raise Hope for Patients With M.S. 2011-12-26T20:19:32Z Cells called oligodendrocytes are responsible for making myelin and protecting nerves from infection. Stem Cells: Flexible friends 2012-02-29T18:21:27.080Z "The idea is to convince the patient's immune system that the myelin is not dangerous and to turn off its attack," said Miller. Scientists making inroads into food allergy therapy 2011-10-26T18:09:04Z For reasons still not quite understood, when the lymphocytes repopulate, those involved in attacking the myelin sheath seem less likely to recover. Antibody Offers Hope for Multiple Sclerosis Treatment 2011-10-24T18:45:03.460Z Instead a different cell called an oligodendrocyte forms the myelin insulation. Preliminary Human Experiments to Test Safety of Paralysis Treatment Using Nerve Cells 2011-10-19T17:15:02.380Z It occurs when the protective coating, known as the myelin sheath, around nerve fibres in the brain and spinal cord begins to break down, slowing the brain's communication with the rest of the body. Scientists unravel genetic clues to multiple sclerosis 2011-08-10T17:07:23Z But they also seem to protect myelin from attack by the immune system. Stem cell trial to treat MS 2011-07-29T05:00:03Z When the researchers injected myelin-deficient regions in the mice with a drug that prevents destruction of the AXIN2 protein, the mice grew myelin sheaths faster than untreated mice, repairing the damage. Disocvery Suggests Drugs Can Prevent Brain Injuries Common in Premature Babies 2011-06-26T21:15:02.453Z None of the control animals showed any myelin formation; only withered bare axon stubs and feeble naked sprouts. Curing Paralysis--Again 2011-05-21T03:45:00.267Z With MS the protective layer around nerves, known as the myelin sheath, becomes damaged. 'Virus and sunlight' link to MS 2011-04-19T06:27:44Z The protective layer around nerves, known as the myelin sheath, becomes damaged. 'Virus and sunlight' link to MS 2011-04-19T01:38:10Z The condition is caused by the body's own immune system attacking and damaging a substance called myelin in the brain and nerve cells. Stem cell trial to treat MS 2011-07-29T05:00:03Z Without myelin, brain cells die, leaving children vulnerable to neurological deficits such as cerebral palsy. Disocvery Suggests Drugs Can Prevent Brain Injuries Common in Premature Babies 2011-06-26T21:15:02.453Z It is caused by damage to the myelin sheath, which protects and surrounds nerve cells. Goal: Rookie Endures Multiple Sclerosis 2011-03-29T01:20:38Z Multiple sclerosis causes the immune system to attack the myelin sheath, which protects nerve cells, leading to symptoms including numbness, difficulty in coordination, and memory loss. From Soup to MS Drug: One Fungus's Journey 2011-03-10T22:00:00Z Everyone agrees that MS destroys the fatty myelin sheath that enwraps many nerve fibers. The YouTube Cure: How Social Media Shapes Medical Practice 2011-02-08T14:15:00.237Z The myelin damage disrupts messages from the brain to the body which leads to a number of symptoms such as sight loss, bladder and bowel problems, muscle stiffness and eventually physical disability. Stem cell trial to treat MS 2011-07-29T05:00:03Z This means that following repetitive movements and injuries, nerves are slow to repair and because myelin regrowth is faulty, they become even more prone to injury. Rare disease 2011-01-16T00:02:04Z When the myelin sheath is damaged, nerve impulses are slowed down or stopped. Goal: Rookie Endures Multiple Sclerosis 2011-03-29T01:20:38Z Multiple sclerosis causes the immune system to attack the insulating tissue around nerve fibers, called myelin, leading to scars and inflammation. Novartis Pill With $5.4 Billion Promise Targets Untreatable MS 2010-12-20T23:16:59Z Among the drinkers, Tapert began to find small abnormalities in their MRIs that looked like ding marks in their brain's white matter - on the fatty myelin coating of the axons, the connecting fiber between neurons. Scientists try to assess the impact of binge drinking on the brains of teens 2010-12-06T18:27:00Z Likewise, genes involved in making the myelin sheaths that insulate nerve cells go wrong in both schizophrenic and bipolar patients. Psychiatric diagnosis: Thesis, antithesis, synthesis 2010-10-14T11:20:00Z Those progenitor cells turn into oligodendrocytes, a type of cell that produces myelin, a coating that allows impulses to move along nerves. Stems cells used to treat spinal-cord patient 2010-10-11T20:39:00Z An avid reader, Foley's conversations can contain allusions to Copernicus and Newton, biomechanics or myelin, the material that grows on neural pathways through rigorous practice, facilitating repetition of human movement. Who Is Sean Foley? 2010-08-17T04:00:00Z The hope is that the cells will repair the insulation, known as myelin, around nerve cells, restoring the ability of some nerves to carry signals. Stem Cell Trial Wins Approval of F.D.A. 2010-07-31T00:40:00Z So if the myelin is compromised, Tapert hypothesized, students wouldn't perform as well on cognitive and memory tests. Scientists try to assess the impact of binge drinking on the brains of teens 2010-12-06T18:27:00Z The hope is that the injected cells will repair the insulation, known as myelin, around nerve cells, restoring the ability of some of the nerves to carry signals. F.D.A. Clears Way for Embryonic Stem Cell Trial Using Patients 2010-07-30T15:21:00Z The disease eats away a fatty substance, myelin, that coats nerves, and gradually scars the nerves. From M.S. Patients, Outcry for Surgery 2010-06-28T20:57:00Z Another reason walking is delayed is the need for the human brain to develop myelin after birth, Dr. Higgins said. Q & A: Forward March! 2010-06-21T21:08:00Z Multiple sclerosis, or MS, is believed to arise from an abnormal immune system attack on the body's own myelin, a protective sheath surrounding nerve fibers in the brain and spine. Study doubts role for virus in multiple sclerosis 2010-04-15T15:33:00Z MS is an autoimmune disease that occurs when immune cells called T cells attack the protective myelin sheathing around the nerves of the central nervous system, resulting in symptoms such as paralysis and blindness. Discovery May Lead to Better Multiple Sclerosis Treatments 2010-03-29T13:00:00Z You have these neural pathways that come from the motor cortex, and each one has something around them called the myelin sheath. Sean O' Hair. At Peace. 2010-03-22T00:00:00Z The damage is thought to occur because the immune system, for unknown reasons, mistakenly attacks myelin. From M.S. Patients, Outcry for Surgery 2010-06-28T20:57:00Z As myelin develops, the child’s movements become more accurate. Q & A: Forward March! 2010-06-21T21:08:00Z Looking more closely, researchers examined the effects of removing the prion protein in both the nerve cells themselves, and the Schwann cells surrounding them, which are responsible for making the myelin sheath. 2010-01-25T00:02:00Z No doubt these elements are small and embryonic but the nerve fibers are ready to be covered with myelin and to enter upon their functions, and all this requires a cranium of considerable size. The Sexual Question A Scientific, psychological, hygienic and sociological study The more reps, the thicker the myelin sheath gets. Sean O' Hair. At Peace. 2010-03-22T00:00:00Z Between the neurolemma and the axis cylinder is the medullated sheath, composed of a fatty substance known as myelin. Manual of Surgery Volume First: General Surgery. Sixth Edition. This medullated sheath is interrupted at the nodes of Ranvier, and in each internode is a nucleus lying between the myelin and the neurolemma. Manual of Surgery Volume First: General Surgery. Sixth Edition. The axis cylinder is the essential conducting structure of the nerve, while the neurolemma and the myelin act as insulating agents. Manual of Surgery Volume First: General Surgery. Sixth Edition. |
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