| 单词 | mycelium |
| 例句 | Most of it is underground, consisting of a network of microscopic cells called mycelium. The Omnivore's Dilemma 2006-04-11T00:00:00Z You can’t dig up a mushroom to study it because the mycelium is too tiny and delicate. The Omnivore's Dilemma 2006-04-11T00:00:00Z Mr. Berliner supports a growing way of thinking that views vines not as isolated stalks but as a collective society that communicates needs through root systems and fungal colonies of mycelium. Zen and the Art of Australian Winemaking 2019-05-30T04:00:00Z Mushrooms are the fruiting bodies of the mycelium, rootlike threads that connect underground in a vast mycorrhizal matrix so complex, intelligent and essential, Mr. Stamets has called it “the neurological network of nature.” Mushrooms Aren’t Here to Destroy Us — Or to Save Us 2023-02-06T05:00:00Z The largest recorded fungal network is in Oregon, a network — or mycelium — that covers four square miles and is thousands of years old. Whether You’re Making a Meal or Cleaning an Oil Spill, There’s a Fungus for That 2020-05-27T04:00:00Z Each Living Cocoon takes several weeks to form as the mycelium mat grows in the shape of a coffin and is then allowed to dry naturally. First funeral held using ‘living coffin’ made of mushroom fibre 2020-09-15T04:00:00Z No-till advocates say another plus is that the strands of beneficial fungal mycelium are left intact. The case for the no-till garden 2021-07-13T04:00:00Z The collection, she said in her show notes, was inspired by the idea of community, that mycelium specifically and nature overall is “a community that is far, far older than we are.” Sarah Burton brings house of Alexander McQueen to New York 2022-03-15T04:00:00Z In his Ted Talk, mycologist Paul Stamets referred to mycelium as “Earth’s natural Internet.” The zoo beneath our feet: We’re only beginning to understand soil’s hidden world 2017-08-08T04:00:00Z Provided you don’t harm the underground mycelium, the fungus should continue to produce more mushrooms the next year. Don’t shoot me! I’m just picking mushrooms! 2013-09-08T13:30:00Z “My god, your ignorance about the flora and fauna of the Amazon — staggering,” scoffs a mycelium. In ‘Thrust,’ Talking Animals and Others Take Aim at Humanity’s Cruelty 2022-06-28T04:00:00Z It would take about six weeks in darkness for my spores to germinate and colonise the entire substrate with mycelium, turning it white. 'My mother-in-law called me Walter White': how magic mushrooms rescued me from grief 2019-07-13T04:00:00Z When they contacted the manufacturer of those products, Grown.bio, to ask if it would be possible to develop outdoor mycelium panels on an architectural scale, the initial answer was no. Pavilions Inhabit the Space Between Art and Architecture 2020-09-29T04:00:00Z “We actually are trialing it, the mycelium leather,” Ms. Burton said. Mushrooms and Speed at Alexander McQueen 2022-03-16T04:00:00Z These kits are blocks of compressed waste from sawmills, which have been implanted with the mycelium of wood-eating fungus. The Mushrooms Will Survive Us 2021-02-07T05:00:00Z That passion may also have to do with new applications of mycelium, and novel research into its seeming world-saving potential. The Mushrooms Will Survive Us 2021-02-07T05:00:00Z Currently installed in the city of Almere, the pavilion is built from natural materials, including wall panels grown with mycelium from mushrooms, flooring made with cattail and built-in benches formed by rice-straw boards. Pavilions Inhabit the Space Between Art and Architecture 2020-09-29T04:00:00Z As for mycelium, Burton was inspired by the bright colors of actual mushrooms she was looking at one day. Sarah Burton brings house of Alexander McQueen to New York 2022-03-15T04:00:00Z In my grief, I became obsessed by the progress of my mycelium, which was growing in the dark inside a tub on top of a wardrobe. 'My mother-in-law called me Walter White': how magic mushrooms rescued me from grief 2019-07-13T04:00:00Z Those massive organisms, called mycelia, both decompose matter that would otherwise choke the planet and help trees exchange nutrients and communicate. The Week in Arts: ‘Madam Secretary’ Returns; a Master Takes On Macbeth 2019-10-04T04:00:00Z When asked if she considered using mushroom leather — several major fashion companies are backing Mylo, a leather alternative made from mycelium — Ms. Burton said no. Mushrooms and Speed at Alexander McQueen 2022-03-16T04:00:00Z In the late 1990s, the biologist Suzanne Simard published a paper detailing how trees in a forest can exchange nutrients by way of underground mycelium. The Mushrooms Will Survive Us 2021-02-07T05:00:00Z It was mycelium growing on a bale of straw, the caption explained, “waiting to be turned into broth before being served with a small lump of cultured butter”. Magic out of mould: inside the world’s wildest restaurant | Jordan Kisner 2016-06-23T04:00:00Z Rounding up a chatty, knowledgeable bunch of fellow fungi enthusiasts, Stamets rhapsodizes over mycelium’s multiple talents. ‘Fantastic Fungi’ Review: The Magic of Mushrooms 2019-10-10T04:00:00Z It expects the price to fall significantly as production intensifies and, Hendrikx hopes, mycelium caskets become “a new normal”. First funeral held using ‘living coffin’ made of mushroom fibre 2020-09-15T04:00:00Z “The thing about mycelia was, they stick together,” Mikael says, narrating his bleak boyhood to a social worker in — what else? — “waves.” In ‘Thrust,’ Talking Animals and Others Take Aim at Humanity’s Cruelty 2022-06-28T04:00:00Z White strands at the soil line — the mycelium — are an indication of this disease, which unfortunately remains in the soil and is nearly impossible to eradicate. Surveying the garden after a soggy summer 2021-09-07T04:00:00Z Thin strands of their mycelia creep along surfaces. Fungal evolution discovered: Mycena can now invade living hosts 2023-10-23T04:00:00Z Underneath every mushroom is a sprawling, branching network of rootlike structures called a mycelium. Fungi Make Safer Fireproofing Material 2023-10-01T04:00:00Z They enlisted fungal mycelium networks, which served as their root systems for a few tens of millions of years before they developed their own and could live independently. Fungal Networks Are Often Hidden and Overlooked. But They Can Help Save Us. 2023-06-24T04:00:00Z As it grows, the mycelium depletes the soil of nitrogen, causing the mycelia to grow away from the center and leading to the “fairy ring” of fruiting bodies where there is adequate soil nitrogen. Fundamentals of Biology 2015-01-01T00:00:00Z Then, the smaller molecules produced by the external digestion are absorbed through the large surface areas of the mycelium. Concepts of Biology 2013-04-25T00:00:00Z Mushrooms are essentially the fruit of certain fungi, which spend most of their life underground forming webs called mycelium. Mushrooms can "talk" to each other — and they get extra chatty after a rain, study suggests 2023-05-09T04:00:00Z Unlike asbestos, which is still sometimes added to building materials as a fire retardant, mycelium does not shed noxious compounds when exposed to fire. Fungi Make Safer Fireproofing Material 2023-10-01T04:00:00Z The majority of the mushroom fungus is actually underground, forming a dense web of stringy connective tissue called mycelium. The 10 weirdest mushrooms in North America 2023-04-30T04:00:00Z Germination of the spores results in the formation of more mycelia. Fundamentals of Biology 2015-01-01T00:00:00Z In return, the fungus supplies minerals and protection from dryness and excessive light by encasing the algae in its mycelium. Concepts of Biology 2013-04-25T00:00:00Z The worm is then digested via the mycelium, a mushroom's threadlike feeding network. Oyster Mushroom Venom Kills Roundworms—So the Mushrooms Can Feast 2023-04-20T04:00:00Z The new mycelium sheets, grown into their unique shape in a plastic container and stacked into protective mats up to a few millimeters thick, could prevent such building materials from burning in the first place. Fungi Make Safer Fireproofing Material 2023-10-01T04:00:00Z When the mycelium wants to reproduce, it sprouts mushrooms, which are typically in the form of stalks with spore-dribbling gills beneath domed caps. The 10 weirdest mushrooms in North America 2023-04-30T04:00:00Z Germination of the spores results in the formation of a multicellular mycelium. Fundamentals of Biology 2015-01-01T00:00:00Z The fungal mycelium covers and protects the insect colonies. Concepts of Biology 2013-04-25T00:00:00Z They include a structure grown from mycelium, the root network of fungus. Newcastle's Farrell Centre explores if we can grow houses from fungus 2023-04-21T04:00:00Z Scientists have known about mycelium's flame-retardant properties for several years, but Kandare says this study is the first to incorporate these properties into a useful building material. Fungi Make Safer Fireproofing Material 2023-10-01T04:00:00Z In the first few days after you open the package, mycelium creates a dense spiderweb beneath the clear plastic. Specialty mushrooms are booming — including in home gardens 2023-04-13T04:00:00Z Then, the smaller molecules produced by this external digestion are absorbed through the large surface area of the mycelium. Fundamentals of Biology 2015-01-01T00:00:00Z Although individual hypha must be observed under a microscope, the mycelium of a fungus can be very large with some species truly being “the fungus humongous.” Concepts of Biology 2013-04-25T00:00:00Z The mycelium has been grown on a knitted canopy made from sawdust and paper waste, creating strong, light, self-repairing and fully compostable walls. Newcastle's Farrell Centre explores if we can grow houses from fungus 2023-04-21T04:00:00Z He suggests mycelium could replace the fire-retardant foam that insulates many commercial buildings, which can produce carbon monoxide and other toxic products when it combusts. Fungi Make Safer Fireproofing Material 2023-10-01T04:00:00Z The material has a knitted textile base, from which a mycelium composite grows atop. These mushrooms are not for eating 2023-03-26T04:00:00Z Although individual hyphae must be observed under a microscope, the mycelium of a fungus can be very large, with some species truly being “the fungus humongous.” Fundamentals of Biology 2015-01-01T00:00:00Z Fungi can be unicellular as yeasts or develop a network of filaments called a mycelium, often described as mold. Concepts of Biology 2013-04-25T00:00:00Z But there's one part of fungi that businesses are now especially tapping into, and that's mycelium, the root structure of a mushroom. The mushrooms you can wear and build with 2023-03-05T05:00:00Z Kandare is optimistic because mycelium can grow in the dark, which means its energy needs are relatively minimal—and the team fed its prototype with ordinary molasses. Fungi Make Safer Fireproofing Material 2023-10-01T04:00:00Z “Who is this that we are building with? How might we reconsider mycelium?” These mushrooms are not for eating 2023-03-26T04:00:00Z Spores bud from the end of the conidiophore and germinate to form more mycelia. Fundamentals of Biology 2015-01-01T00:00:00Z In a mycorrhizal association, the fungal mycelia use their extensive network of hyphae and large surface area in contact with the soil to channel water and minerals from the soil into the plant. Concepts of Biology 2013-04-25T00:00:00Z Once the mycelium has grown over a number of weeks, Biohm harvests and dries it, and then compresses it into brick-like panels. The mushrooms you can wear and build with 2023-03-05T05:00:00Z Even better, mycelium is a biological material, and any waste it leaves behind is compostable. Fungi Make Safer Fireproofing Material 2023-10-01T04:00:00Z Mr Davies uses mycelium to act as a glue between a moulded, natural skeleton structure that he forms in a mould. Environment: Are mushroom surfboards the future of surfing? 2023-02-18T05:00:00Z Dispersal and germination results in the growth of new mycelia. Fundamentals of Biology 2015-01-01T00:00:00Z They are actually more like a fruit or flower — the reproductive part of a root-like branching organism known as mycelium. How to (deliberately) grow your own mushrooms at home 2023-02-01T05:00:00Z "Expect to see their mycelium thermal insulation being installed in homes, offices, and public spaces in the UK and Europe within the next couple of years." The mushrooms you can wear and build with 2023-03-05T05:00:00Z “If the product reaches the end of its life, you can just chuck that mycelium in your garden,” Kandare says. Fungi Make Safer Fireproofing Material 2023-10-01T04:00:00Z It is between the skeleton, made of materials like straw, that the mycelium roots grow to form a polystyrene-like material - one that is ideal for shaping a board. Environment: Are mushroom surfboards the future of surfing? 2023-02-18T05:00:00Z The body of this fungus, its mycelium, is underground and grows outward in a circle. Fundamentals of Biology 2015-01-01T00:00:00Z A mass of hyphae, called mycelium, looks like a tangled mess of fine threads and is easy to see. All about mushrooms — What to do when fungi sprouts in your yard 2023-01-31T05:00:00Z "It is grown using three organic materials - water, sawdust and mycelium, which keeps carbon emissions low." The mushrooms you can wear and build with 2023-03-05T05:00:00Z The rest of the fungus is underground, forming a network of filaments called mycelia that worms its way into the roots of trees. The strange, psychedelic history of Christmas 2022-12-15T05:00:00Z "The properties of mycelium compared to a foam such as polyurethane can be the same", he said. Environment: Are mushroom surfboards the future of surfing? 2023-02-18T05:00:00Z The mycelium that results is called a primary mycelium. Fundamentals of Biology 2015-01-01T00:00:00Z If the ring of mushrooms surrounds a dead or dying patch of grass, the mycelium mat may have grown so dense that it is hampering water penetration to the grass roots. All about mushrooms — What to do when fungi sprouts in your yard 2023-01-31T05:00:00Z Ms Wang says the firm "coaxes" mycelium to grow into a large brick. The mushrooms you can wear and build with 2023-03-05T05:00:00Z Bolt Threads, based in California, is also producing a leather like material made from mycelium and is attracting high-end clients at an impressive rate. Are Mushrooms the Future of Alternative Leather? 2022-12-14T05:00:00Z "In the right conditions, we will grow a mycelium board in around 21 days," he said. Environment: Are mushroom surfboards the future of surfing? 2023-02-18T05:00:00Z Eventually, the secondary mycelium generates a basidiocarp, which is a fruiting body that protrudes from the ground—this is what we think of as a mushroom. Fundamentals of Biology 2015-01-01T00:00:00Z You’d have to harvest a prodigious number of mycelium to rival the output of a pulp mill. Cardboard Has Taken Over Our Lives. Where Does It Come From? 2022-11-28T05:00:00Z "I think the reason for the expanded interest in mycelium for materials science applications is just increased awareness," says Dr Mitchell Jones, a researcher at the Vienna University of Technology, and an expert on mycelium. The mushrooms you can wear and build with 2023-03-05T05:00:00Z And mycelium continues to be used in the visual arts, Mr. Ross, the founder, who is now chief technology officer, said. Are Mushrooms the Future of Alternative Leather? 2022-12-14T05:00:00Z They first digest their food then take in nutrients; once the mycelium takes in enough nutrients, a mushroom grows as a result. WA may see its ‘worst foraging season’ in decades. What to know if you do go mushroom hunting 2022-11-16T05:00:00Z In the asexual life cycle, 1n spores undergo mitosis to form long chains of cells called mycelia. Fundamentals of Biology 2015-01-01T00:00:00Z The fruiting body is the mushroom, and it develops from mycelium — a fungus’ network of filaments — as part of its reproductive process. The fungi future is here — at an urban mushroom farm just south of downtown L.A. 2022-11-10T05:00:00Z But are there any downsides to the use of mycelium? The mushrooms you can wear and build with 2023-03-05T05:00:00Z It demonstrated his work with “mycotecture,” the creation of materials from the manipulation of mycelium, which is the substance comprising the root structure of mushrooms. Are Mushrooms the Future of Alternative Leather? 2022-12-14T05:00:00Z Mushrooms are the reproductive “fruit” of mycelium, a network of weblike threads that grow beneath the surface floor. WA may see its ‘worst foraging season’ in decades. What to know if you do go mushroom hunting 2022-11-16T05:00:00Z When spores land on a suitable substrate, they germinate and produce a new mycelium. Fundamentals of Biology 2015-01-01T00:00:00Z The substrate is made with byproduct from the timber industry — mixed with grain or other nutrients — and inoculated with the mycelium. The fungi future is here — at an urban mushroom farm just south of downtown L.A. 2022-11-10T05:00:00Z An increasing number of food start-ups are also using mycelium as a high-protein alternative to meat, or even a replacement for wheat flour. The mushrooms you can wear and build with 2023-03-05T05:00:00Z Now too large to rely solely on local farmers for its supply of mycelium, the company has its own strains which “we basically keep in cold storage,” Mr. Scullin said. Are Mushrooms the Future of Alternative Leather? 2022-12-14T05:00:00Z It involves arithmetic and, since the kids are doing a mycology unit, a knowledge of fungi, with their characters trying to save mycelia that live under the forest floor. How the pandemic saved one of California's smallest public schools 2022-09-25T04:00:00Z They form visible mycelia with a fuzzy appearance and are commonly known as mold. Fundamentals of Biology 2015-01-01T00:00:00Z Producing mycelium, however, is water-intensive and expensive because of the sugars needed to feed the fungi. The firms making flour from mushrooms and cauliflower 2022-09-22T04:00:00Z MycoWorks is also working with General Motors to explore the use of mycelium in car interiors. The mushrooms you can wear and build with 2023-03-05T05:00:00Z The process starts by combining the mycelium with waste from sawmills in trays; as the sawdust decomposes, the mixture begins to develop into a thin sheet. Are Mushrooms the Future of Alternative Leather? 2022-12-14T05:00:00Z Almost all trees rely on one, or many, fungi species, which absorb and transfer nitrogen, phosphorus, water and other minerals through mycelium — fungal — networks. In shadow of giant mountains, they explore vital world of mushrooms 2022-09-18T04:00:00Z Micrograph shows Aspergillus mycelia, which look like long threads, and a spherical conidiophore about 40 microns across. Fundamentals of Biology 2015-01-01T00:00:00Z Hyfé uses the root network of mushrooms, called mycelium, to make an alternative to wheat flour. The firms making flour from mushrooms and cauliflower 2022-09-22T04:00:00Z While it's difficult to source figures for the financial value of the mycelium sector, its rapid growth is undoubtedly increasing that of the wider global mushroom market. The mushrooms you can wear and build with 2023-03-05T05:00:00Z An example she pointed to is MyForest Foods’ MyBacon product, made with mushroom mycelium and just five other ingredients: beet juice, coconut oil, salt, sugar and spices. Perspective | The hype over plant-based foods overlooks a key ingredient: Plants 2022-09-02T04:00:00Z The body of the mushroom is the fruiting body, which grows from the mycelium, the mass of branching hyphae below the soil. Miller & Levine Biology 2018-01-01T00:00:00Z Beneath the mycelia is the lower cortex, which is similar in appearance to the upper cortex, but with larger cells. Fundamentals of Biology 2015-01-01T00:00:00Z Fungi are also being cultured as meat replacements, and their mycelia fibers have been enlisted in the manufacture of biodegradable packaging and building materials. Review | Our planet is covered in fungus — and that’s a good thing 2022-07-15T04:00:00Z For Dr Jones, mycelium's strong sustainable kudos makes it an attractive material. The mushrooms you can wear and build with 2023-03-05T05:00:00Z And some fungi construct intricate underground webs known as mycelium that can stretch for kilometers. ‘Myconauts’ aim to reveal the often hidden soil fungi that shape ecosystems 2022-07-06T04:00:00Z The symbiotic webs of plant roots and fungal mycelia are called mycorrhizae. Miller & Levine Biology 2018-01-01T00:00:00Z Caribou and reindeer eat lichens, and they provide cover for small invertebrates that hide in the mycelium. Fundamentals of Biology 2015-01-01T00:00:00Z Previous research indicated branching networks of hyphae, of which multicellular fungi called mycelia are composed, conduct electrical signals comparable to the neurons. It's not a bad trip: Mushrooms may be "talking" to each other, new study finds 2022-04-13T04:00:00Z Isabella Iglesias-Musachio, its co-founder and chief executive, says they grow their mycelium "in a matter of days" in fermentation vessels that allow for indoor, urban farming. The mushrooms you can wear and build with 2023-03-05T05:00:00Z So is the mycelium an individual, or is each nucleus? ‘Myconauts’ aim to reveal the often hidden soil fungi that shape ecosystems 2022-07-06T04:00:00Z The model for her interactive “Symbiotica” is mycelium, a fungus that plays a crucial role in decomposing dead matter, in the process yielding nitrogen that forms the bulk of Earth’s atmosphere. Review | In the galleries: Uncovering life’s fragility amid ecological losses 2022-03-18T04:00:00Z Include control Petri plates inoculated with mycelia without plant tissue to verify that the medium and incubation conditions do not interfere with fungal growth. Fundamentals of Biology 2015-01-01T00:00:00Z Stay tuned because the mycelium chicken hasn’t officially launched. Cutting back on meat in 2022? We taste-tested and ranked 9 protein alternatives 2022-01-13T05:00:00Z While Bosque's products have yet to go on sale, mycelium-based burgers are already available to buy in the US, and the European Union gave clearance for one type of mycelium earlier this year. The mushrooms you can wear and build with 2023-03-05T05:00:00Z Stepping into the role of Rani, players spend most of their time cleaning up gunk and searching for “mycelium coils” and “mulligan melons.” Review | ‘The Gunk’: Cleaning doesn’t have to be a chore 2021-12-17T05:00:00Z “Without mycelium, life on this planet would not exist,” notes the artist’s statement. Review | In the galleries: Uncovering life’s fragility amid ecological losses 2022-03-18T04:00:00Z As a positive control, add paper disks impregnated with a known fungicide to Petri plates inoculated with the mycelium. Fundamentals of Biology 2015-01-01T00:00:00Z Mushrooms are the fruiting bodies of vast underground mycelium, threadlike fungal networks in the landscape that create soil vitality. How to rethink fall garden cleanup to build a more resilient and healthier environment 2021-10-30T04:00:00Z Ms Iglesias-Musachio is adamant that mycelium is the future of vegan food. The mushrooms you can wear and build with 2023-03-05T05:00:00Z Mulligan melons bear a resemblance to the tops of the mycelium coils, but once detached from their surroundings they explode after a short period of time. Review | ‘The Gunk’: Cleaning doesn’t have to be a chore 2021-12-17T05:00:00Z The effect is to illustrate the interconnectedness of mycelium — and of all living things. Review | In the galleries: Uncovering life’s fragility amid ecological losses 2022-03-18T04:00:00Z Incubate the plates for a set number of days to allow fungal growth and spreading of the mycelium over the surface of the plate. Fundamentals of Biology 2015-01-01T00:00:00Z The sustainable leather bags were, the house said, also made from mycelium — fungal material that breaks down organic matter. Stella McCartney channels mushrooms in trippy Paris show 2021-10-04T04:00:00Z After fermentation, the mycelia — the vegetative, threadlike portions of a fungus — of R. oligosporus multiply, ultimately growing dense enough to compress the soybeans into tempeh’s characteristic firm, compact “cake” form. Tempeh is a plant-based protein that’s both traditional and trendy. Here’s how to use it 2021-09-06T04:00:00Z And then they die, and they decompose, and these lenses of mycelium—shallow, usually circular colonies of mycelium—then begin to grow out more and more. Space Travel's Most Surprising Future Ingredient: Mushrooms 2021-08-03T04:00:00Z It uses a lab-grown material made from a thready, branching fungus called mycelium, grown in California and sent to France to be tanned. Fashion goes bananas — and apples and grapes and oranges too 2021-05-07T04:00:00Z Instead, the fungal mycelium is embedded within the root tissue. Fundamentals of Biology 2015-01-01T00:00:00Z It uses a lab-grown material made from a thready, branching fungus called mycelium grown in California and sent to France to be tanned. Fashion goes bananas — and apples and grapes and oranges too 2021-05-07T04:00:00Z Good quality tempeh will have a white coating from the mycelia, as well as dark spots formed by fungal spores. Tempeh is a plant-based protein that’s both traditional and trendy. Here’s how to use it 2021-09-06T04:00:00Z This thing will crush rocks all day long and could not crush mycelium. Space Travel's Most Surprising Future Ingredient: Mushrooms 2021-08-03T04:00:00Z I served it on a coaster made of soft fake leather produced from mycelium, which was grown on a bed of sawdust and mixed with corn stalks. My Wife Was Wary of My Lab-Made Dinner Party. The Faux Whiskey Won Her Over. 2021-02-21T05:00:00Z The foreign fungi, perhaps a colony of wayfarers from the bag of golden oyster mycelium beside it, was gone and pink oysters began to emerge. Tired of sourdough? In mushrooms we trust 2021-02-07T05:00:00Z One alternative is mushroom leather, which relies on mycelium, or mushroom roots, to produce an animal-free alternative. Fashion Trends Are Often Recycled. Now More Clothing Can Be, Too. 2021-01-26T05:00:00Z Materials made with mycelium, the fungal network from which mushrooms grow, might be able to help turn that around. One day, your home could be made with mushrooms 2021-02-02T05:00:00Z You can have solar panels on a structure on Mars made of mycelium. Space Travel's Most Surprising Future Ingredient: Mushrooms 2021-08-03T04:00:00Z “And the same thing happens in our burial places, because the soil is super polluted there and mycelium really likes metals, oils and microplastics.” Dutch 'living coffin' aims to provide source for life after death 2020-09-22T04:00:00Z That passion may also have to do with new applications of mycelium and the novel research into its seeming world-saving potential. Tired of sourdough? In mushrooms we trust 2021-02-07T05:00:00Z In addition to Bolt Threads, a fiber and material producer that gained attention last fall when it announced its product and collaboration with several designers, others companies, like MycoWorks, are developing “leathers” from mycelium. Fashion Trends Are Often Recycled. Now More Clothing Can Be, Too. 2021-01-26T05:00:00Z Instead it’s made from a mat of mycelium, the underlying threadlike root networks from which fruiting bodies pop up after a rain. That Mushroom Motorcycle Jacket Will Never Go Out of Style 2020-09-16T04:00:00Z They're the fruit of the mycelium - a network of underground threads, which are in contact with the roots of nearby trees. Still ill with coronavirus six months later 2020-08-31T04:00:00Z The coffin is grown like a plant within the space of a week at the company’s lab at the Technical University of Delft by mixing mycelium with wood chips in the mould of a coffin. Dutch 'living coffin' aims to provide source for life after death 2020-09-22T04:00:00Z In the late 1990s, biologist Suzanne Simard published a paper detailing how trees in a forest can exchange nutrients by way of underground mycelium. Tired of sourdough? In mushrooms we trust 2021-02-07T05:00:00Z Mushrooms are only the fruiting bodies of fungi: for the most part fungi live their lives as branching, fusing networks of tubular cells known as mycelium. A Poetic, Mind-Bending Tour of the Fungal World 2020-06-24T04:00:00Z Ecovative grows packaging by filling custom-shape molds with agricultural residues like wood chips, which act as a food source, and mycelium cells. Tired of Plastic? These Businesses Have Ideas for You 2020-05-27T04:00:00Z Fungi grow as a mass of branched filaments called mycelium that often sprouts individual reproductive cells called spores. Dirt Doesn’t Smell like Dirt 2020-04-19T04:00:00Z "We propose to develop a structural substrate by using live fungal mycelium," says the paper's abstract. Could you live in a giant fungus megastructure? These researchers think so 2020-01-21T05:00:00Z Ajidarma’s team also uses dyes extracted from leaves, roots and food waste to color the mycelium leather, which they say absorbs dye faster than leather made from animal hide. Time for fungus? Indonesian watchmaker turns to mushroom leather 2019-10-31T04:00:00Z The growing discipline of mycoremediation has opened new windows for harnessing mycelia to filter environmental pollutants and, as Tzogas puts it, help “clean up the messes humans have made”. The gospel of mushrooms: how foraging became hip 2019-10-10T04:00:00Z Another is mycelium, the root structure of mushrooms - a "wonder material" that is being used to create food, packaging and textiles. Will your next handbag be made of mushrooms? 2019-09-09T04:00:00Z Springtails in this experiment, on the other hand, both survived and thrived on a diet of nothing but Streptomyces mycelium. Dirt Doesn’t Smell like Dirt 2020-04-19T04:00:00Z Not only does mycelium produce small molecules, but it gently and with supreme precision assembles them into complex structures so small that they are invisible to the human eye. The Mycelium Revolution Is Upon Us 2019-07-01T04:00:00Z Labouls are also quite unusual among fungi in that they never manufacture a mycelium, a cobwebby body that is a nearly universal fungal trait. These Bizarre Parasites Garden Their Insect Hosts 2019-06-16T04:00:00Z After two weeks, Dr. Kasson will bisect the subjects to search for signs of growth, like mycelium or spores. Injecting Marshmallow Peeps With Fungi, for Science 2019-03-29T04:00:00Z Oil-and-gas infrastructure is so much a part of the land that it’s everywhere, like strands of mushroom mycelium symbiotically wound among tree roots. The Oil-Pumping Adventures of Rachael Van Horn 2019-02-11T05:00:00Z The main “body” of most fungi - the part we don’t usually see - is called the mycelium. Missouri researchers share lessons from humongous fungus 2018-12-07T05:00:00Z Working much like single-celled yeast, mycelium takes in small molecules of food—typically sugar but often from sources such as wood or plant waste—by excreting enzymes that break these materials down into digestible morsels. The Mycelium Revolution Is Upon Us 2019-07-01T04:00:00Z The mycelium’s usual function is to increase the fungus’s surface area for digestion; more mycelium = more food. These Bizarre Parasites Garden Their Insect Hosts 2019-06-16T04:00:00Z The bees actually moved wood chips to access his mushroom’s mycelium, the branching fibers of fungus that look like cobwebs. How the mushroom dream of a ‘long-haired hippie’ could help save the world’s bees 2018-10-04T04:00:00Z The technique uses mycelium, the vegetative body of a fungus, which acts as a magnet to extract heavy metals from soil and water. Mushrooms could help clean toxic groundwater in New Mexico 2018-10-03T04:00:00Z As the mycelium exhausts nutrients from one food source, it grows outward seeking new ones. Missouri researchers share lessons from humongous fungus 2018-12-07T05:00:00Z As the mycelium grows it assembles a dense network of long, microscopic fibers that grow through the substrate like a superhighway system. The Mycelium Revolution Is Upon Us 2019-07-01T04:00:00Z As we continued to explore in the forest each week, we learned about mayapples and mycelium, and we would share our new knowledge with the hikers of the forest. Perspective | My preschoolers left a note on a fallen tree. When we returned, we couldn’t believe what we saw. 2018-07-16T04:00:00Z Specifically, in using mycelium – the vegetative part of a fungus – and Cleveland’s other “natural” resource, construction waste, in a process called “biocycling”, which essentially recycles old buildings into new ones using plant materials. Magic mushrooms: how fungus could help rebuild derelict Cleveland 2018-07-05T04:00:00Z The substance is then inoculated with mycelium and grows. Mushrooms could help clean toxic groundwater in New Mexico 2018-10-03T04:00:00Z About two weeks ago, he placed the mycelium in buckets of woodchips and straw outdoors to encourage further growth. Don't Forget to Water the Logs: Mushrooms Are in for Home Gardens 2018-06-11T04:00:00Z The technology for using mycelium to assemble the things that we need at scale already exists. The Mycelium Revolution Is Upon Us 2019-07-01T04:00:00Z Despite the drastic pH increase, its spores germinated into threadlike hyphal mycelium and grew equally well with or without concrete. Fungi Can Help Concrete Heal Its Own Cracks 2018-01-24T05:00:00Z The debris from the hotel will then be “recycled” onsite and combined with organic materials like mycelium to construct the building blocks for a shed at a nearby urban farm. Magic mushrooms: how fungus could help rebuild derelict Cleveland 2018-07-05T04:00:00Z From there, they were able to create "myceliated wood," a compound that forms when mycelium, the fiber-like parts of a fungus, mix together with wood chips. This Furniture Is Made Out of Mushrooms 2017-09-22T04:00:00Z He first put the spores in bits of wet cardboard to encourage initial growth called mycelium. Don't Forget to Water the Logs: Mushrooms Are in for Home Gardens 2018-06-11T04:00:00Z Meanwhile, research on mycelium is accelerating as groups around the world, including leading academic institutions, are beginning to build programs around mycelium materials. The Mycelium Revolution Is Upon Us 2019-07-01T04:00:00Z The lamp shades and Ecovative’s other kits contain a mixture of corn stalk and hemp bound together by the mycelium. Grow your own lamp out of mushrooms and hemp 2017-07-11T04:00:00Z The mushroom serves as the reproductive part of the fungus, while the fungus below, in the form of threadlike branches called mycelium, absorbs water and nutrients for food. Gift of the fungi: Mushrooms — yes, mushrooms — could help save the world 2016-12-25T05:00:00Z Ecovative Design uses mycelium as a bonding agent to hold together wood particles for paneling, as well as for a durable, flame-retardant, and lightweight packaging. Surprising New Uses for Mushrooms, From Houses to Packaging Businesses that sell so-called spawn—sawdust that has already been inoculated with mycelium—say the main types that can be grown at home are oyster, shiitake and wine-cap mushrooms. Don't Forget to Water the Logs: Mushrooms Are in for Home Gardens 2018-06-11T04:00:00Z A white-brown mini-stump of sterilized sawdust and wood chips, pimpled with brownish lumps that would almost overnight become edible mushrooms, the result of the mycelium network that lived within. Why grow your own mushrooms? Because they're delicious 2016-05-14T04:00:00Z On the outside, the stitching mimics the dendritic patterns of mushroom mycelium. Mushroom Suits, Biodegradable Urns and Death’s Green Frontier 2016-04-22T04:00:00Z It is within this fungus below, the mycelium, where much of its value and potential lies. Gift of the fungi: Mushrooms — yes, mushrooms — could help save the world 2016-12-25T05:00:00Z Ecovative, a New York-based manufacturing company, has adopted this use of mixed materials by using mycelium, the thread-like branching produced by fungi, often found on soil, to replace styrofoam, plastic, plywood and fiberboard. The greenhouse that acts like a beetle and other inventions inspired by nature 2016-04-10T04:00:00Z Her ecosystems stretch from wood-wide webs of mycelia, through earthworms and pine roots, to logging trucks and hedge funds – as well as down into the flora of our own multispecies guts. Generation Anthropocene: How humans have altered the planet for ever 2016-04-01T04:00:00Z Mushrooms are the fruiting bodies of fungi that live as networks called mycelia, made up of tiny branching threads. Sex, Death and Mushrooms 2015-11-06T05:00:00Z In Italy, use of pigs stopped as recently as 1985 when it was determined that the animals caused damage to the truffle’s mycelia, which precipitated a drop in growth in the region. LARK GOULD: Truffle hunting in the Perigord: Diamonds in the dirt 2015-09-19T04:00:00Z During incubation, a “thick, white mat of mycelia”—a kind of fungus—branches over the tempeh, which binds the beans together. Should I Eat Tempeh? 2015-05-21T04:00:00Z The slabs of mycelium then go to wood presses, where they are condensed into a medium density fiberboard. The greenhouse that acts like a beetle and other inventions inspired by nature 2016-04-10T04:00:00Z Mushrooms are made up of a structure called mycelium. This biodegradable drone is grown from mushrooms and covered in wasp spit The body of the drone was grown in a lab and made from mycelium, the vegetative part of a fungus. Researchers Create Fungus Drone That Disintegrates By Itself 2014-11-14T05:00:00Z That mycelium was given a covering of cellulose "leather" sheets grown by bacteria, before being coated in the same proteins paper wasps use to coat their nests, cloned from the insects saliva. Biological fungus drone can melt into a puddle of goop 2014-11-13T05:00:00Z And in a way it is - it's actually the mycelium, the root system. 'Air' plastic and mushroom cushions 2014-10-09T04:00:00Z Related: Ford looks to geckos to boost the recyclability of its cars To produce its fiberboard, Ecovative adds mycelium to wood fiber, then lets the fungus consume the fiber, binding it together. The greenhouse that acts like a beetle and other inventions inspired by nature 2016-04-10T04:00:00Z A blast of heat kills the mycelium to freeze their growth. This biodegradable drone is grown from mushrooms and covered in wasp spit The mushroom - or mycelium, the vegetative part of the fungus - is an ideal material, Mr Benjamin explains. Making houses out of mushrooms 2014-08-29T04:00:00Z This is because each septum is pierced by a giant hole that allows the cytoplasm — the goodies inside a cell — to flow freely within the mycelium. How Your Morning Commute Resembles a Fungus 2013-11-20T21:15:05.320Z Collectively these structures are known as a mycelium. In pictures: A kingdom of colour 2012-11-28T08:46:02Z “The old industrial mindset would look at mycelium and say ‘what can we extract?’” says Bayer. The greenhouse that acts like a beetle and other inventions inspired by nature 2016-04-10T04:00:00Z The bacterial cellulose is grown in a sheet and harvested, then wrapped around the mycelium frame. This biodegradable drone is grown from mushrooms and covered in wasp spit The mushroom brick is "grown" by mixing together chopped-up corn husks with mycelium. Making houses out of mushrooms 2014-08-29T04:00:00Z The new dark, wet environment under the dimmed Sol proved to be perfect conditions for its growth, and there was no shortage of rotting vegetation for the mycelia to feed on. Growth 2012-08-29T17:51:08.277Z In order to their destruction in a natural manner it seems necessary that they should germinate and develop into the anthrax micrococcus, bacillus, or mycelium. A System of Practical Medicine by American Authors, Vol. I Volume 1: Pathology and General Diseases 2012-03-17T02:00:54.097Z Admittedly, mycelium fiberboard takes longer to produce than conventional products, but Bayer says that with sufficient advanced planning, Ecovative can maintain a steady flow of material. The greenhouse that acts like a beetle and other inventions inspired by nature 2016-04-10T04:00:00Z For instance, the Ustilago of wheat can only infect the young seedling, and grows for weeks as a barren mycelium, only becoming a dominant fungus in the endosperm. Disease in Plants 2012-03-01T03:00:22Z Mush′room-spawn, the substance in which the reproductive mycelium of the mushroom is embodied. Chambers's Twentieth Century Dictionary (part 2 of 4: E-M) 2012-01-11T03:00:23.770Z My creation discovered that it not only liked rotting vegetation, but that the mycelium could grow just as well on, and through, any organic material. Growth 2012-08-29T17:51:08.277Z He cannot say whether they develop into a mycelium. A System of Practical Medicine by American Authors, Vol. I Volume 1: Pathology and General Diseases 2012-03-17T02:00:54.097Z The spores grow outward into branches called mycelia that bridge the gaps between the soil, allowing the scrum of bacteria and other spores to advance. Observatory: A Bacterial Platoon With Fungi Engineers 2011-11-28T21:03:08Z The mycelium spreads mostly in the outer layers, which though they turn deep brown remain firm. Disease in Plants 2012-03-01T03:00:22Z The mycelium of the fungus grows into the cambium and practically girdles the stems. The Nut Culturist A Treatise on Propogation, Planting, and Cultivation of Nut Bearing Trees and Shrubs Adapted to the Climate of the United States 2011-11-12T03:00:31.793Z The camera zoomed in to show mycelia spreading in white spider's web profusion over all areas of exposed flesh. Growth 2012-08-29T17:51:08.277Z After a 245 time the mycelium becomes rusty brown and produces the winter form of the fungus. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 12, Slice 2 "Gloss" to "Gordon, Charles George" 2011-10-31T02:00:28.703Z All they need is moisture and a little bit of food to set down rootlike mycelia and send up fruiting bodies, as the above-ground portions of the mushroom are known. City Room: After Biblical Rains, a Glorious Crop of Mushrooms 2011-10-21T22:27:10Z In many of these cases the dying-back of the twigs is expedited owing to the mycelium invading the medullary rays and wood vessels, and so obstructing the transpiration current. Disease in Plants 2012-03-01T03:00:22Z Once removed, cover up the area to protect exposed mycelium. The time is right for mushroom hunters to begin foraging 2011-10-15T04:12:03Z Any news I've had has been at third-hand from my jailers, but they speak of a planet going to rot, of a rampant mycelium infection that resists all antibiotics, is immune to all known treatments. Growth 2012-08-29T17:51:08.277Z Under the fourth the spores of the mould are shown in their first growth putting out the tubes to form the mycelium. Through Magic Glasses and Other Lectures A Sequel to The Fairyland of Science 2011-10-03T02:00:33.003Z They form a superficial mycelium on the surface of the plant, the hyphae not usually penetrating the tissues but merely sending haustoria into the epidermal cells. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 11, Slice 3 "Frost" to "Fyzabad" 2011-08-15T02:00:28.473Z The wilting and shrivelling of Clover is sometimes due to Sclerotinia, the mycelium of which pervades the roots and stock, on which the sclerotia may be found. Disease in Plants 2012-03-01T03:00:22Z The mycelium produced from the spores dropped by the fungus or from the “spawn” in the soil, radiates outwards, and each year’s successive crop of fungi rises from the new growth round the circle. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 10, Slice 2 "Fairbanks, Erastus" to "Fens" 2011-06-19T02:00:16.580Z And, since Mexicans alone throw away 5 billion nappies every year, there is plenty of material from this source for them to get their mycelia into. Bioremediation: Bottom feeders 2011-04-20T11:06:02Z Eumycetes, or Higher Fungi, a common name for those Fungi which possess a septate mycelium. The New Gresham Encyclopedia Volume 4, Part 3: Estremoz to Felspar 2011-04-14T02:00:59.373Z The underground mycelium in many cases spreads wider and wider each year, often in a circular manner, and the sporophores springing from it appear in the form of a ring—the so-called fairy rings. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 11, Slice 3 "Frost" to "Fyzabad" 2011-08-15T02:00:28.473Z Lucerne is similarly killed in Europe by the barren mycelium of Leptosphaeria, which may be found as a purple mat on the roots. Disease in Plants 2012-03-01T03:00:22Z These spores send out long threads or filaments which run thru the cells lengthwise and also pierce them in all directions, soon forming a network in the wood called the mycelium. Wood and Forest 2011-03-01T03:00:42.647Z It's mycelium — essentially the mushrooms' root structure. Meet Washington's spirited mushroom man 2010-12-04T19:50:00Z Once the matsutake is removed, always cover up the area where you found it to protect exposed mycelium. Time has come to search and find your mushrooms 2010-10-09T04:27:00Z Only in rare cases is the mycelium intercellular. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 11, Slice 3 "Frost" to "Fyzabad" 2011-08-15T02:00:28.473Z Numerous minute spots due to fungi on leaves, cortex, etc., are further cases in point, the mycelium never extending far from the centre of infection. Disease in Plants 2012-03-01T03:00:22Z It is also particularly distinguished by the formation of slender, dark-colored strings, consisting of compact mycelium, from which the fruiting parts just described arise. Wood and Forest 2011-03-01T03:00:42.647Z When he had carpenter ants in his house, he figured he'd try mycelium on them. Meet Washington's spirited mushroom man 2010-12-04T19:50:00Z “I started with a few experiments in the kitchen,” working with mycelium in petri dishes, he said. | Farmers? Markets: A Showcase for Specialty Goods Amid Traditional Fare 2010-07-16T23:21:00Z The asci are borne directly on the mycelium and are therefore fully exposed, being devoid from the beginning of any investment. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 11, Slice 3 "Frost" to "Fyzabad" 2011-08-15T02:00:28.473Z Again, the mycelia of fungi are much more easily killed by toxic agents used as fungicides than are the spores of the same fungi. The Chemistry of Plant Life P. 3-5 cm. convex, edge incurved, delicately hispid or scurfy, yellow, fixed by cottony mycelium, stem obsolete; g. rather broad, ventricose, pale tan, edge whitish; sp. European Fungus Flora: Agaricaceae He devised "mycofilters" — sacks filled with wood chips and mycelium — to filter contaminated water. Meet Washington's spirited mushroom man 2010-12-04T19:50:00Z On opening up the centre of the mound, it was observed that the portion thus exposed consisted of highly decomposed leaves, and presented a white mass of matted, "burned" mycelium. Student's Hand-book of Mushrooms of America, Edible and Poisonous Life-history always very simple, no well-marked alternation of generations; basidium borne directly on the mycelium. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 11, Slice 3 "Frost" to "Fyzabad" 2011-08-15T02:00:28.473Z In fungi, oils are often found in the spores, but sometimes also in sclerotia, mycelia, or filaments. The Chemistry of Plant Life P. conical then exp. almost smooth, pale brown, thin, slightly pilose; g. crowded, narrow, rosy violet then greyish brown; s. white, shining, springing from a copious creeping mycelium; sp. 4-5 long. European Fungus Flora: Agaricaceae In “Root rot,” as the name implies, the roots are attacked, the fungus being a species of Ozonium, which envelops the roots in a white covering of mould or mycelium. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 7, Slice 5 "Cosway" to "Coucy" Where the filaments are so small and close that they form very compact bodies, constituting those solid irregular products called sclerotium, it is scleroid or tuberculous mycelium. Student's Hand-book of Mushrooms of America, Edible and Poisonous There is also a further reduction in that the basidium is not derived from a teleutospore but is borne directly on the mycelium. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 11, Slice 3 "Frost" to "Fyzabad" 2011-08-15T02:00:28.473Z Easily distinguishable from all similar moulds by the absence of mycelium or of anything like a hypha. The North American Slime-Moulds A Descriptive List of All Species of Myxomycetes Hitherto Reported from the Continent of North America, with Notes on Some Extra-Limital Species The threads—mycelium—might be likened to the roots of plants and the spores to the flower and seeds. Canned Fruit, Preserves, and Jellies: Household Methods of Preparation U.S. Department of Agriculture Farmers' Bulletin No. 203 When no such surface is present, the fruit is borne on threads, proceeding direct from the root-like filaments of the mycelium, or an intermediate kind of cushion or stroma. Fungi: Their Nature and Uses The mycelium was, doubtless, produced in abundance before the temperature reached 100 Fahr. and became scorched as the temperature increased. Student's Hand-book of Mushrooms of America, Edible and Poisonous The majority of forms, however, fall into the heterothallic group, in which the association of branches from two mycelia different in nature is necessary for the formation of zygospores. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 11, Slice 3 "Frost" to "Fyzabad" 2011-08-15T02:00:28.473Z The peridium is small, round, then egg-shaped; with a plentiful mass of mycelium in the moss in which the plants seem to delight. The Mushroom, Edible and Otherwise Its Habitat and its Time of Growth Although the fungus does not produce spores, the leaves die and dry, and are blown away, carrying with them the dried mycelium of the fungus. All About Coffee Simultaneously with the development of sporidia, other reproductive bodies are produced direct from the mycelium, and in some species as many as five different kinds of reproductive bodies have been traced. Fungi: Their Nature and Uses On examining the outer edges, where the depth was only twelve inches, I found an abundance of mycelium which did not show any appearance of having been scorched by undue temperature. Student's Hand-book of Mushrooms of America, Edible and Poisonous The mycelium is always found to contain conjugate nuclei before the formation of basidia, but the point at which the conjugate condition arises seems very variable. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 11, Slice 3 "Frost" to "Fyzabad" 2011-08-15T02:00:28.473Z The mycelium is cord-like; peridium nearly round, cortex a dense floccose coat; inner peridium thin, strong, elastic, opening by an apical mouth; subgleba present, cup-shaped; threads free and separate, branched; spores white. The Mushroom, Edible and Otherwise Its Habitat and its Time of Growth This mycelium will start to grow as soon as it is supplied with a new moist coffee leaf to nourish it. All About Coffee Mr. Berkeley has observed that the creamy mycelium of Lycogala will not revive after it has become dry for a few hours, though so active before. Fungi: Their Nature and Uses The plants are usually found growing upon dead tree stumps; some grow upon the ground; a few are parasitic on other fungi or springing from sclerotia, small impacted masses of mycelium. Student's Hand-book of Mushrooms of America, Edible and Poisonous Carpoascomycetes.—The other divisions of the Ascomycetes may be distinguished as Carpoascomycetes because they do not bear the asci free on the mycelium but enclosed in definite fruit bodies or ascocarps. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 11, Slice 3 "Frost" to "Fyzabad" 2011-08-15T02:00:28.473Z As in the previous species the mycelium covers the young plant but is not so strongly developed, so that the adhering dirt is not so evident on the mature plant. The Mushroom, Edible and Otherwise Its Habitat and its Time of Growth The root tips of the trees are as it were enclosed in a thin sheet of closely woven mycelium. The Beauties of Nature and the Wonders of the World We Live In The conidia are borne upon erect, elongated filaments, originating from the creeping mycelium. Fungi: Their Nature and Uses Changed "myceluim" to "mycelium" on page 18 of part 3: "directly on the mycelium." Student's Hand-book of Mushrooms of America, Edible and Poisonous The ordinary mycelium is the gametophyte since it bears the ascogonia and antheridia when present; the ascogenous hyphae with their asci represent the sporophyte since they are derived from the fertilized ascogonium. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 11, Slice 3 "Frost" to "Fyzabad" 2011-08-15T02:00:28.473Z An advantage is found in breaking and distributing the spawn over the surface of the bed a few days before spawning; this allows the mycelium to absorb some moisture and swell to some extent. The Mushroom, Edible and Otherwise Its Habitat and its Time of Growth There is reason to think that, in some cases at any rate, the mycelium is that of the Truffle. The Beauties of Nature and the Wonders of the World We Live In It is easy to convince one’s self that the mycelium, springing from the penetrating germs, soon takes all the characters that are found in the adult state. Fungi: Their Nature and Uses On this mycelium, at intervals, appear knob-like bodies, called tubercles, from which the mushrooms spring and from which they derive their nourishment. Student's Hand-book of Mushrooms of America, Edible and Poisonous The mycelium is very much reduced in extent. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 11, Slice 3 "Frost" to "Fyzabad" 2011-08-15T02:00:28.473Z St. Paul, Minn. SPAWN.—The cultivated mushroom is propagated from "spawn," the commercial name applied to the mycelium; the term "spawn" includes both the mycelium and the medium in which it is carried and preserved. The Mushroom, Edible and Otherwise Its Habitat and its Time of Growth The wood, while retaining its structure, has been greatly softened by the presence of the mycelium of a mushroom, the agaric of the poplar. The Glow-Worm and Other Beetles In the species of Peronospora that inhabit perennial plants, or annual plants that last through the winter, the mycelium hidden in the tissues of the foster-plant lasts with it. Fungi: Their Nature and Uses De Leveille has thus defined mycelium: "Filaments at first simple, then more or less complicated, resulting from the vegetation of the spores and serving as roots to the mushroom." Student's Hand-book of Mushrooms of America, Edible and Poisonous The sporophore is obsolete when the spore-bearing hyphae are not sharply distinct from the mycelium, simple when the constituent hyphae are isolated, and compound when the latter are conjoined. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 11, Slice 3 "Frost" to "Fyzabad" 2011-08-15T02:00:28.473Z In both forms the mycelium growth is started on a prepared medium mainly consisting of manure and then arrested and dried. The Mushroom, Edible and Otherwise Its Habitat and its Time of Growth The hyphomycetes are composed of a mycelium of short jointed rods or "hyphæ" springing from an axis or germinal tube which develops from the spore. The Elements of Bacteriological Technique A Laboratory Guide for Medical, Dental, and Technical Students. Second Edition Rewritten and Enlarged. The Peronospora of the potato is thus perennial by means of its mycelium contained in the browned tissue of the diseased tubers. Fungi: Their Nature and Uses The mycelium of mushrooms or the mushroom spawn is usually white, but is also found yellow, and even red. Student's Hand-book of Mushrooms of America, Edible and Poisonous In abandoned mines the mushrooms sometimes grow from the mycelium which spreads out on the rock roof overhead. Studies of American Fungi. Mushrooms, Edible, Poisonous, etc. The flake spawn is short-lived by reason of its loose form, in which the mycelium is easily accessible to the air and destructive bacteria. The Mushroom, Edible and Otherwise Its Habitat and its Time of Growth As found in epidermic scrapings of ringworm, showing mycelium and spores. Essentials of Diseases of the Skin Including the Syphilodermata Arranged in the Form of Questions and Answers Prepared Especially for Students of Medicine When in the spring a diseased potato begins to grow, the mycelium rises in the stalk, and soon betrays itself by blackish spots. Fungi: Their Nature and Uses Sometimes mycelium unites in bundles more or less thick and branched. Student's Hand-book of Mushrooms of America, Edible and Poisonous It attacks the roots of these trees, the mycelium making its way through the outer layer, and then it grows beneath the bark. Studies of American Fungi. Mushrooms, Edible, Poisonous, etc. Growers, especially in the United States, have therefore discarded it in favor of brick spawn, which affords more protection to the mycelium and can be safely transported and stored for a reasonable period. The Mushroom, Edible and Otherwise Its Habitat and its Time of Growth Showing simple mycelium, in various stages of development, and free spores. Essentials of Diseases of the Skin Including the Syphilodermata Arranged in the Form of Questions and Answers Prepared Especially for Students of Medicine The parasites can fructify abundantly on these little stalks, and in consequence propagate themselves in the new season by the conidia coming from the vivacious mycelium. Fungi: Their Nature and Uses With malacoid mycelium we have nothing to do in this paper. Student's Hand-book of Mushrooms of America, Edible and Poisonous Threads of mycelium growing from the edge of the lamellæ and from the stem intermingle. Studies of American Fungi. Mushrooms, Edible, Poisonous, etc. It is a cellular, flowerless plant, nourished by the mycelium which permeates the soil or other substances on which the fungus or mushroom grows. The Mushroom, Edible and Otherwise Its Habitat and its Time of Growth Showing mycelium in various stages of development, groups of spores and free spores. Essentials of Diseases of the Skin Including the Syphilodermata Arranged in the Form of Questions and Answers Prepared Especially for Students of Medicine But when, in cutting the tuber, the parenchyma occupied by the mycelium is exposed to the contact of the air, it covers itself with conidia-bearing branches at the end of from twenty-four to forty-eight hours. Fungi: Their Nature and Uses Further it may also be possible for spores or bits of mycelium to be transported upward in the sap stream and cause new infections higher up in the tree. Northern Nut Growers Association Report of the Proceedings at the 43rd Annual Meeting Rockport, Indiana, August 25, 26 and 27, 1952 In places the mycelium forms rope-like strands, at first white in color, but later becoming dark brown and shining. Studies of American Fungi. Mushrooms, Edible, Poisonous, etc. It is gregarious, often many stems growing from one mass of mycelium. The Mushroom, Edible and Otherwise Its Habitat and its Time of Growth The fungus, consisting of mycelium and spores, the latter showing a marked tendency to aggregate, invades the superficial portion of the epidermis. Essentials of Diseases of the Skin Including the Syphilodermata Arranged in the Form of Questions and Answers Prepared Especially for Students of Medicine Although in other species chlamydospores are formed in such places on the mycelium, nothing of the kind has been traced in this species, more than here indicated. Fungi: Their Nature and Uses At first this mould forms webby, creeping filaments, known in botanical language as mycelium. The $100 Prize Essay on the Cultivation of the Potato. Prize offered by W. T. Wylie and awarded to D. H. Compton. How to Cook the Potato, Furnished by Prof. Blot. Having started at a given spot the mycelium consumes the food material in the soil suitable for it, and the plants for the first year appear in a group. Studies of American Fungi. Mushrooms, Edible, Poisonous, etc. The ground where the mushroom grew is rendered unfit for mushrooms again, the spores fall upon the ground and the mycelium spreads out from this point, consequently each year the ring is growing larger. The Mushroom, Edible and Otherwise Its Habitat and its Time of Growth The spores sprout and proliferate rapidly, the gray mycelia covering the garden, and at the end of each thread is a little knobbed body filled with liquid. Edge of the Jungle The spore slightly augments in size, then opens, generally at one or other extremity, sometimes at two, or at any point on its surface, in order to pass the mycelium tubes. Fungi: Their Nature and Uses Under favorable conditions of warmth and moisture, the mycelium spreads very rapidly. The $100 Prize Essay on the Cultivation of the Potato. Prize offered by W. T. Wylie and awarded to D. H. Compton. How to Cook the Potato, Furnished by Prof. Blot. The appearance of the fungus in rings is due to the mode of growth of the mycelium or spawn in the soil. Studies of American Fungi. Mushrooms, Edible, Poisonous, etc. Frequently it will have the appearance of growing from the ground, but a careful examination will reveal a piece of wood of some kind, which serves as a host for the mycelium. The Mushroom, Edible and Otherwise Its Habitat and its Time of Growth We brought pieces of the bark of these trees into the laboratory and made cultures and obtained the typical mycelium of chestnut blight. Northern Nut Growers Association, Report of the Proceedings at the Seventh Annual Meeting Washington, D. C. September 8 and 9, 1916. At first simple, without septa, and granular in the interior, above all at the extremity, these tubes, the rudiment of the mycelium, are not long in elongating, in branching, and later in having partitions. Fungi: Their Nature and Uses The first time I looked at them they were enmeshed in mold mycelium. Northern Nut Growers Association Report of the Proceedings at the Fifteenth Annual Meeting New York City, September 3, 4 and 5, 1924 Where the plants appear only in the arc of a circle, something has happened to check or destroy the mycelium in the remaining arc of the circle. Studies of American Fungi. Mushrooms, Edible, Poisonous, etc. This plant will be distinguished usually by the amount of white mycelium at the base of the stem. The Mushroom, Edible and Otherwise Its Habitat and its Time of Growth Our utmost efforts have never rendered mycelium in a mushroom-bearing condition perennial. Mushrooms: how to grow them a practical treatise on mushroom culture for profit and pleasure The branches of the mycelium which do not bear oogonia apply their obtuse extremities against the growing oogonia; this extremity swells, and, by a transverse partition, separates itself from the supporting tube. Fungi: Their Nature and Uses Much more disastrous results can be traced directly to the action of the mycelium in the cortex. Scientific American Supplement, No. 664, September 22,1888 The base of the stem is covered with deep blue mycelium which retains its color in age, but disappears on drying after a time. Studies of American Fungi. Mushrooms, Edible, Poisonous, etc. Stem equal, solid, colored like the pileus, the mycelium white, often forming white, branching, root-like fibers. The Mushroom, Edible and Otherwise Its Habitat and its Time of Growth The ills to which the mycelium is subject are not at all fully understood. Mushrooms: how to grow them a practical treatise on mushroom culture for profit and pleasure One or two are developed from a kind of Sclerotium, which is in fact a compact perennial mycelium. Fungi: Their Nature and Uses When fairly thick stems or branches have the mycelium on one side only, the cambium is injured locally, and the thickening is of course partial. Scientific American Supplement, No. 664, September 22,1888 It disorganizes and breaks down the tissues of the root here, providing a space for a thicker growth of the mycelium as it becomes older. Studies of American Fungi. Mushrooms, Edible, Poisonous, etc. Stem same color as pileus but paler, cartilaginous; floccose from loose threads or, in some cases, abundant threads over the surface; becoming hollow, base bulbous, the extreme base covered with whitish mycelium. The Mushroom, Edible and Otherwise Its Habitat and its Time of Growth Any impure matter in the bed with which the mycelium comes in contact will destroy the spawn and fogg off the young mushrooms. Mushrooms: how to grow them a practical treatise on mushroom culture for profit and pleasure Some species of Peziza are developed from the curious masses of compact mycelium called Sclerotia. Fungi: Their Nature and Uses If the mycelium is confined to one side of the stem, a flat or depressed spreading wound arises; if this extends all round, the parts above must die. Scientific American Supplement, No. 664, September 22,1888 Here it forms fan-like sheets of mycelium which advance along both away from the tree and towards the trunk. Studies of American Fungi. Mushrooms, Edible, Poisonous, etc. The mycelium of this species will frequently be found in the hearts of trees and remain there for years before the tree is injured sufficiently for the mycelium to come to the surface. The Mushroom, Edible and Otherwise Its Habitat and its Time of Growth A bed or part of a bed in capital working order is selected and broken up and the cakes of manure thoroughly matted up with the active mycelium are selected for spawning the fresh beds. Mushrooms: how to grow them a practical treatise on mushroom culture for profit and pleasure Year after year, so long as he resided on the premises, he counted upon and gathered several specimens of the puff-ball, the mycelium continuing to produce them year after year. Fungi: Their Nature and Uses The mycelium and the spores were healthy and were affecting the new trees in quite the same manner as the year before and as in other parts of the state. Northern Nut Growers Association, Report of the Proceedings at the Third Annual Meeting Lancaster, Pennsylvania, December 18 and 19, 1912 In time the mycelium has spread over a considerable area, from which nutriment enough is supplied for the formation of the fruiting condition. Studies of American Fungi. Mushrooms, Edible, Poisonous, etc. The base is slender, round, and frequently pitted; mycelium rather plentiful, fibrous and thread-like. The Mushroom, Edible and Otherwise Its Habitat and its Time of Growth The dry, fresh droppings are the very best material for starting the mycelium into growth. Mushrooms: how to grow them a practical treatise on mushroom culture for profit and pleasure In this condition the mycelium of one species so much resembles that of another, that no accurate determination can be made. Fungi: Their Nature and Uses Another problem in relation to tree treatment may be added, that is, the relation of spores and mycelium to toxic agents. Northern Nut Growers Association, Report of the Proceedings at the Third Annual Meeting Lancaster, Pennsylvania, December 18 and 19, 1912 The mycelium enters at wounds where limbs are broken off, and grows for years in the heart wood, disorganizing it and causing it to decay. Studies of American Fungi. Mushrooms, Edible, Poisonous, etc. The peridium is obovoid, with a short base, the mycelium forming a cord like a root. The Mushroom, Edible and Otherwise Its Habitat and its Time of Growth Such manure ferments well, makes up nicely into beds, the mycelium runs well in it, and good mushrooms are produced from it. Mushrooms: how to grow them a practical treatise on mushroom culture for profit and pleasure If the process goes on, this mycelium gives rise to the stem and cap of an agaricoid fungus, completing the vegetative system. Fungi: Their Nature and Uses This increased growth has not had any appreciable effect upon the rapidity of spread of the blight mycelium. Northern Nut Growers Association, Report of the Proceedings at the Third Annual Meeting Lancaster, Pennsylvania, December 18 and 19, 1912 It is easily recognized by the reddish cottony layer of mycelium threads which cover the entire plant when young, and form a veil which covers the gills at this time. Studies of American Fungi. Mushrooms, Edible, Poisonous, etc. The peridium is turbinate, depressed above; the base short and obconic, or more elongated and tapering, or subcylindric, arising from a fibrous mycelium. The Mushroom, Edible and Otherwise Its Habitat and its Time of Growth What practical mushroom growers call spawn, botanists term mycelium. Mushrooms: how to grow them a practical treatise on mushroom culture for profit and pleasure In many of the moulds we have miniature representatives of higher plants in the mycelium or roots, stem, branches, and at length capsules bearing sporidia, which correspond to seeds. Fungi: Their Nature and Uses By frequent examination, however, diseased spots may be found on the tree where the mycelium of the fungus is still in the upper layers of the bark. Northern Nut Growers Association, Report of the Proceedings at the Third Annual Meeting Lancaster, Pennsylvania, December 18 and 19, 1912 By stripping off the bark from decaying logs where these fungi are growing, the mycelium is often found in great abundance. Studies of American Fungi. Mushrooms, Edible, Poisonous, etc. The peridium is globe-like, sessile, with a stout mycelium, a cortex thin, white at first, then brown, forming a smooth continuous coat, breaking up at maturity and rapidly disappearing. The Mushroom, Edible and Otherwise Its Habitat and its Time of Growth These bricks and flakes are completely permeated with the mushroom mycelium. Mushrooms: how to grow them a practical treatise on mushroom culture for profit and pleasure The plants here included may be described under three parts, the mycelium, the peridium, and the sporangia. Fungi: Their Nature and Uses This spraying cannot reach the mycelium in the cambium layer; if the disease has been carried in by a beetle or woodpecker your spraying would be ineffective. Northern Nut Growers Association, Report of the Proceedings at the Third Annual Meeting Lancaster, Pennsylvania, December 18 and 19, 1912 In fact, the mycelium is largely if not wholly responsible for the rapid disintegration of the wood. Studies of American Fungi. Mushrooms, Edible, Poisonous, etc. The peridium is depressed globose, with a fibrous mycelium. The Mushroom, Edible and Otherwise Its Habitat and its Time of Growth Prominent yellowish threads or veins are a sign that the mycelium had started to grow and been killed. Mushrooms: how to grow them a practical treatise on mushroom culture for profit and pleasure The mycelium is often plentiful, stout, rigid, interlacing, and coloured, running over the surface of the soil, or amongst the vegetable débris on which the fungi establish themselves. Fungi: Their Nature and Uses Wherever this vegetative stage, technically known as mycelium, penetrates, the bark is killed; and of course, you all know what that means. Northern Nut Growers Association Report of the Proceedings at the Second Annual Meeting Ithaca, New York, December 14 and 15, 1911 In living trees the mycelium of certain bracket fungi enters through a wound and grows into the heart wood. Studies of American Fungi. Mushrooms, Edible, Poisonous, etc. The mycelium of this plant is especially peculiar, being composed of a bundle of root-like strands, translucent and jelly-like when young and fresh, but becoming tough and hard. The Mushroom, Edible and Otherwise Its Habitat and its Time of Growth If the spawn looks very good, and the lumps are large do not plant them quite so close as when the spawn shows less mycelium in it, and the lumps are small. Mushrooms: how to grow them a practical treatise on mushroom culture for profit and pleasure The peridia are seated upon this mycelium, and in most instances are at length open above, taking the form of cups, or beakers. Fungi: Their Nature and Uses If we find those two things, the pustules and the mottled mycelium, we can very safely say that this disease is present. Northern Nut Growers Association Report of the Proceedings at the Second Annual Meeting Ithaca, New York, December 14 and 15, 1911 Now the heart wood is dead and cannot long resist the entrance and destructive action of the mycelium. Studies of American Fungi. Mushrooms, Edible, Poisonous, etc. The mycelial layer is thin, tearing away as the plant expands, the bark or skin falling with the mycelium. The Mushroom, Edible and Otherwise Its Habitat and its Time of Growth We can keep mushroom mycelium in active growth the year round, and year after year, providing we never let it bear mushrooms. Mushrooms: how to grow them a practical treatise on mushroom culture for profit and pleasure There is no proper excipulum or peridium, and the spores spring direct from a more compacted portion of the mycelium, or from a cushion-like stroma of small cells. Fungi: Their Nature and Uses No traces of a mycelium were visible; the plants had come to maturity, fruited, and withered away, leaving only the spores. Journal of the Proceedings of the Linnean Society - Vol. 3 Zoology The illustration shows very well the habit of growth of the mycelium. Studies of American Fungi. Mushrooms, Edible, Poisonous, etc. In Figure 3 is a representation of the mycelium of the small pear-shaped puff-ball with a number of small white knobs marking the beginning of the puff-ball. The Mushroom, Edible and Otherwise Its Habitat and its Time of Growth This is done by taking the mycelium, just before it begins bearing, from one manure bed and plant it in another, and so on from bed to bed. Mushrooms: how to grow them a practical treatise on mushroom culture for profit and pleasure Besides these, other reproductive bodies are generated upon the mycelium, within the tissues of the plant, in the form of globose oogonia, or resting spores, which, when mature, also enclose great numbers of zoospores. Fungi: Their Nature and Uses That the mycelium in the small lesions was unquestionably the Endothia mycelium, was shown by the appearance of the mycelium, and the presence of the Endothia pustules in many of the spots. Northern Nut Growers Association, Report Of The Proceedings At The Tenth Annual Meeting. Battle Creek, Michigan, December 9 and 10, 1919 The stem is hollow even at this young stage, and a slender cord of mycelium extends down the center of the tube thus formed, as is shown in the sections. Studies of American Fungi. Mushrooms, Edible, Poisonous, etc. The mycelium exposed here is very similar to the mycelium of all mushrooms. The Mushroom, Edible and Otherwise Its Habitat and its Time of Growth At every fresh transplanting the mycelium exerts itself into renewed growth, for it must become a strong plant before it has strength enough to produce and support a mushroom. Mushrooms: how to grow them a practical treatise on mushroom culture for profit and pleasure The mycelium, of coloured jointed threads, overlays and penetrates the matrix; from this arise erect, rigid, and usually jointed threads, of a dark brown, nearly black colour at the base, but paler towards the apex. Fungi: Their Nature and Uses The color of the mycelium is generally white, but it may also be yellow or red. Among the Mushrooms A Guide For Beginners Here, in the plant at the right hand, the "cord" of mycelium is plainly seen running through the hollow stem. Studies of American Fungi. Mushrooms, Edible, Poisonous, etc. In germination the spores send out slender threads which Botanists call mycelium, but which common readers know as spawn. The Mushroom, Edible and Otherwise Its Habitat and its Time of Growth These bodies are, in fact, the outer shells of so many acorns, embedded in and hollowed out by the mycelium of Polyporus sulphureus. Scientific American Supplement, No. 643, April 28, 1888 Deeply seated on the mycelium, within the substance of the foster plant, other reproductive bodies, called oogonia, originate. Fungi: Their Nature and Uses What is called 'Mushroom Spawn' consists of certain materials from the stable and the field, mixed and prepared in such a manner as to favour the development of the mycelium of the Mushroom. The Culture of Vegetables and Flowers From Seeds and Roots 16th Edition So closely are they applied to the stem in most cases that threads of mycelium pass from the stem to the edge of the gills. Studies of American Fungi. Mushrooms, Edible, Poisonous, etc. They usually grow in a very crowded condition, many plants growing from one mat of mycelium. The Mushroom, Edible and Otherwise Its Habitat and its Time of Growth In the infested timber are to observed radial and other crevices filled with the dense felt-like mycelium formed by the common growth of the innumerable branched filaments. Scientific American Supplement, No. 643, April 28, 1888 “It spreads its mycelium in the tissue which is becoming brown,” he writes, “and this shows at first essentially the same construction and growth as that of the mycelium filaments of Aspergillus.” Fungi: Their Nature and Uses From good spawn the films of mycelium will begin to extend within a week. The Culture of Vegetables and Flowers From Seeds and Roots 16th Edition Mushroom Spawn is in the Form of Strands of Mycelium.—Now in the mushrooms the threads of mycelium are usually interlaced into definite strands or cords, especially when the mycelium is well developed. Studies of American Fungi. Mushrooms, Edible, Poisonous, etc. The stem, arising from an abundant white-floccose mycelium, is long, slender, tapering slightly upward, smooth, brown and shining, white at the apex. The Mushroom, Edible and Otherwise Its Habitat and its Time of Growth This is a block of wood containing an enormous irregularly spheroidal mass of the white felted mycelium of this fungus, Polyporus sulphureus. Scientific American Supplement, No. 643, April 28, 1888 The mycelium, which grows so exuberantly in the leaf, often brings forth many other productions, which are called sclerotia, and are, according to their nature, a thick bulbous tissue of mycelium filaments. Fungi: Their Nature and Uses But it may attract flies, and it certainly will interfere with the movements of the mycelium at that particular spot, and actually prevent the production of any more Mushrooms. The Culture of Vegetables and Flowers From Seeds and Roots 16th Edition In this way the strand of mycelium increases in length. Studies of American Fungi. Mushrooms, Edible, Poisonous, etc. If the small bulb at the base of the stem is examined, it will be found to be formed chiefly of mycelium rolled together around the base. The Mushroom, Edible and Otherwise Its Habitat and its Time of Growth The presence of the mycelium in wood tissue can readily be told by the discolored and disintegrated appearance of the wood. Studies of Trees They spring from a mycelium which is spread in the dung, and appear singly upon it. Fungi: Their Nature and Uses This Rhizoctonia is a mere spawn or mycelium, a mass of rusty-brown material like a thick coating of spider's web of a red tint. The Culture of Vegetables and Flowers From Seeds and Roots 16th Edition The Button Stage of the Mushroom.—The "spawn" stage, or strands of mycelium, is the vegetative or growing stage of the mushroom. Studies of American Fungi. Mushrooms, Edible, Poisonous, etc. The stem is rather long, often somewhat thickened or bulbous at the base, at first stuffed, then hollow, white, the ring is scaly on the under side, mycelium whitish, forming slender branching root-like strings. The Mushroom, Edible and Otherwise Its Habitat and its Time of Growth If the fruiting body is removed, another soon takes its place, but if the entire mycelium is cut out, the fungus will never come back. Studies of Trees If the latter be sown in a suitable medium, for example, in a solution of sugar, they swell, and shoot forth germinating utricles, which quickly grow to mycelia, which bear sporangia. Fungi: Their Nature and Uses And from this also the new ferment fluid constantly produced, and tracking along the tissues of the branches, conveys the Coryneum infection beyond the places in which its mycelium can be found. Scientific American Supplement, No. 441, June 14, 1884. It is made up of countless numbers of delicate, tiny, white, jointed threads, the mycelium. Studies of American Fungi. Mushrooms, Edible, Poisonous, etc. We might say that we here had to do with numerous mycelia moulded in a slightly colored resin. Scientific American Supplement, No. 481, March 21, 1885 Fungous diseases attacking a cavity produce a mass of fibers, known as the “mycelium,” that penetrate the body of the tree or limb on which the cavity is located. Studies of Trees Attempts to prove that the conidia and sporangia-bearers originate on one and the same mycelium filament may possibly hereafter succeed. Fungi: Their Nature and Uses The whole mass of rice becomes in a short time permeated by the soft white shining mycelium, which imparts to it the odor of apple or pine-apple. Scientific American Supplement, No. 531, March 6, 1886 The white mycelium threads grow in the bread and absorb food substances for the mold. Studies of American Fungi. Mushrooms, Edible, Poisonous, etc. It is not rare, however, to see the individual sporangia perfectly isolated and disembarrassed of their filament of mycelium floating in the water. Scientific American Supplement, No. 385, May 19, 1883 Radiating from these fruiting bodies into the tissues of the tree are a large number of minute fibers, comprising the mycelium of the fungus. Studies of Trees They here germinate and produce a mycelium which exactly resembles that of the Mucor mucedo, and, above all, they produce in profusion the typical sporangia of the same on its bearers. Fungi: Their Nature and Uses Chemical investigation showed that the Aspergillus mycelium transforms the starch into glucose, and thus plays the part of a diastase. Scientific American Supplement, No. 531, March 6, 1886 Strands of mycelium extending radially in the wood of the same living hemlock spruce shown in Fig. Studies of American Fungi. Mushrooms, Edible, Poisonous, etc. The smallest portion of a filament of mycelium evidently possesses the faculty of producing the new individuals. Scientific American Supplement, No. 385, May 19, 1883 The mycelium is the most important part of the fungous growth. Studies of Trees The latter are till now alone reproductions of conidia-bearers, and have never been observed on mycelia which have grown out of conidia. Fungi: Their Nature and Uses The fermentation is caused by the mycelium of this fungus before the development of the fructification. Scientific American Supplement, No. 531, March 6, 1886 Mycelium of the Wood Destroying Fungi.—While the fruit bodies are on the outside of the trunk, the mycelium, or vegetative part of the fungus, is within the wood or bark. Studies of American Fungi. Mushrooms, Edible, Poisonous, etc. When they are perfectly developed, they are distinctly separated from their filament of mycelium by a septum—that is to say, by limiting lines plainly marked. Scientific American Supplement, No. 385, May 19, 1883 In 1860-65 I saw the grape in a piteous plight: the huge bunches were composed of dwarfed and wilted berries, furred and cobwebbed with the foul mycelium. To the Gold Coast for Gold A Personal Narrative in Two Volumes.—Volume I Its mycelium represents at first strong branched utricles without partitions; the branches are of the higher order, mostly divided into rich and very fine-pointed ramuli. Fungi: Their Nature and Uses FUNGI.—These are common parasitical plants, originating in the production of copious filamentous threads, called the mycelium, or spawn. The Book of Household Management Mycelium of Coal Mine Fungi.—The mycelium of the mushrooms and bracket fungi grows in wonderful profusion in these abandoned coal mines. Studies of American Fungi. Mushrooms, Edible, Poisonous, etc. The filaments of mycelium, under the same magnitude, appear exceedingly thin and finer than a hair. Scientific American Supplement, No. 385, May 19, 1883 According to De Bary*, when the mycelium penetrates a bud beginning to elongate, the shoot developed from it grows vertically upwards. The Power of Movement in Plants Some species of Isaria and Torrubia also affect the larvæ and pupæ of moths and butterflies, converting the whole interior into a mass of mycelium, and fructifying in a clavate head. Fungi: Their Nature and Uses As I thought that the state of the anthers might be due to some fungoid growth, I examined them both in the bud and mature state, but could find no trace of mycelium. The Different Forms of Flowers on Plants of the Same Species This abundance of moisture, with the favorable temperature, permits the mycelium to grow on the surface of the wood structures as readily as within the wood. Studies of American Fungi. Mushrooms, Edible, Poisonous, etc. Under favorable conditions, that is, with moisture, heat, and the presence of vegetable matter in decomposition, the filaments of mycelium increase in length. Scientific American Supplement, No. 385, May 19, 1883 This change can hardly be due to an increased flow of sap into the part; but the presence of the mycelium will have greatly disturbed its natural constitution. The Power of Movement in Plants If checked or disturbed, the process stops here, and only a mycelium of interwoven threads is produced. Fungi: Their Nature and Uses I imagine that in both cases the mycelium must consume all the matter on which it can subsist. More Letters of Charles Darwin — Volume 2 At the extreme edge of growth the mycelium presents a delicate fringe of the growing ends where the threads are interlaced uniformly over the entire area. Studies of American Fungi. Mushrooms, Edible, Poisonous, etc. At the base it penetrates to the inner bark, and from it the threads of mycelium branch in all directions, confined, however, to the bark, and not entering the woody tissues beneath. Fungi: Their Nature and Uses The spores have been transported upon young shoots of the juniper-tree, and have now commenced to produce some mycelium in the bark. Fungi: Their Nature and Uses The earliest condition in which the mushroom can be recognized as a vegetable entity is in that of the “spawn” or mycelium, which is essentially an agglomeration of vegetating spores. Fungi: Their Nature and Uses It is that of fairy rings, which are believed to spread from a centre, and when they intersect the intersecting portion dies out, as the mycelium cannot grow where it has grown during previous years. More Letters of Charles Darwin — Volume 2 But a little distance back from the edge, where the mycelium is older, the threads are growing in a different way. Studies of American Fungi. Mushrooms, Edible, Poisonous, etc. If a filament of mycelium could be isolated successfully, and a fertile thread, bearing the fruit of each form, could be traced from the same individual mycelium thread, the evidence would be conclusive. Fungi: Their Nature and Uses No one can have observed the mycelium of fungi at work on old stumps, twigs, and decayed wood, without being struck with the rapidity and certainty with which disintegration is being carried on. Fungi: Their Nature and Uses At certain privileged points of the mycelium, the threads seem to be aggregated, and become centres of vertical extension. Fungi: Their Nature and Uses Pray look to what he says about the leaf-carrying ant storing the leaves up in a minced state to generate mycelium, on which he supposes that the larvae feed. More Letters of Charles Darwin — Volume 2 These were formed by the attempt on the part of the mycelium at numerous places to develop strands at right angles to the surface of the door. Studies of American Fungi. Mushrooms, Edible, Poisonous, etc. We may allude, in passing, to another phase of destructiveness in the mycelium of fungi, which traverse the soil and interfere most injuriously with the growth of shrubs and trees. Fungi: Their Nature and Uses The cottony tufts of white mould, which were the first to appear, had an abundant mycelium, but the erect threads which sprang from this were for a long time sterile, and closely interlaced. Fungi: Their Nature and Uses Other forms of fruit have also been observed on the same mycelium. Fungi: Their Nature and Uses This same mould was also found in many cases growing in the same spots amongst Penicillium chartarum, but whether from the same mycelium could not be determined. Fungi: Their Nature and Uses The mycelium in this condition is very soft and perishable. Studies of American Fungi. Mushrooms, Edible, Poisonous, etc. The distinguishing features of this fungus consist in an extensive mycelium of delicate threads, from which arise numerous erect branches, bearing at the apex dark brown opaque spores. Fungi: Their Nature and Uses The spherical bodies, or perithecia, were seated on a plentiful hyaline mycelium. Fungi: Their Nature and Uses The mycelium is often nearly obsolete, and the short pedicels so evanescent, that a rusty or sooty powder represents the mature fungus, infesting the green parts of living plants. Fungi: Their Nature and Uses Somewhat intermediately, we might allude to the species of Sclerotium, which are usually compact, externally blackish, rounded or amorphous bodies, consisting of a cellular mass of the nature of a concentrated mycelium. Fungi: Their Nature and Uses Each thread of mycelium grows, or increases in length, at the end. Studies of American Fungi. Mushrooms, Edible, Poisonous, etc. From what is already known, however, we feel justified in the conclusion that the so-called species of Sclerotium are a sort of compact mycelium, from which, under favourable conditions, perfect fungi may be developed. Fungi: Their Nature and Uses In the selection of spawn this is an important item, that is, the presence of an abundance of "fiber" or mycelium. Studies of American Fungi. Mushrooms, Edible, Poisonous, etc. In both, the pseudospores are produced in tufts or clusters direct from the mycelium. Fungi: Their Nature and Uses On breaking the brick the great abundance of the "fiber" or whitish mycelium is seen all through it. Studies of American Fungi. Mushrooms, Edible, Poisonous, etc. The moisture, however, is abundant within the stumps or tree trunks, and the mycelium develops abundantly there. Studies of American Fungi. Mushrooms, Edible, Poisonous, etc. It is marked with numerous minute dots of a darker color than the ground color, formed of numerous small erect tufts of mycelium. Studies of American Fungi. Mushrooms, Edible, Poisonous, etc. It is through the action of the mycelium of mushrooms of every kind that the fallen forest leaves, as well as the trunks and branches, are converted into food for the living trees. Studies of American Fungi. Mushrooms, Edible, Poisonous, etc. Seated on the mycelium, at the first as little orange points, are the perithecia, which enlarge and become nearly black. Fungi: Their Nature and Uses The mycelium then grows in abundance in these rifts and forms broad and extensive sheets which resemble somewhat chamois skin and is called "punk." Studies of American Fungi. Mushrooms, Edible, Poisonous, etc. So one can understand how it is that deep down in these abandoned mines the mycelium grows profusely on the surface of doors and wood props. Studies of American Fungi. Mushrooms, Edible, Poisonous, etc. If the spawn has run well, a very delicate white "fiber," the mycelium, can be seen penetrating all through the material. Studies of American Fungi. Mushrooms, Edible, Poisonous, etc. In such cases there is not a sufficient amount of moisture to provide the water necessary for the growth of the mycelium. Studies of American Fungi. Mushrooms, Edible, Poisonous, etc. It should be observed that the parts of the wood which were most luminous were not only deeply penetrated by the more delicate parts of the mycelium, but were those which were most decomposed. Fungi: Their Nature and Uses The term is commonly used in a commercial sense of material in which the mycelium is growing. Studies of American Fungi. Mushrooms, Edible, Poisonous, etc. Still further back and covering the larger part of the sheet of mycelium lying on the surface of the door, are numerous long, delicate tassels hanging downward. Studies of American Fungi. Mushrooms, Edible, Poisonous, etc. The spore germinates and produces delicate threads, which branch and increase by growth in extent, and form the mycelium. Studies of American Fungi. Mushrooms, Edible, Poisonous, etc. For the nearer it is to the natural spawn, other things being equal, the more vigorous the mycelium, and the finer will be the mushrooms produced. Studies of American Fungi. Mushrooms, Edible, Poisonous, etc. As the parts which absorb nourishment from and consume the substance, they are called the mycelium. Fungi: Their Nature and Uses The accumulation of manure trodden down in these places and sometimes mixed with sawdust or earth, provided a congenial place for the growth of the mycelium. Studies of American Fungi. Mushrooms, Edible, Poisonous, etc. The well tramped material in which the mycelium grew here, when broken up, formed convenient blocks of spawn for storage and transportation, and probably led to the manufacture of brick spawn. Studies of American Fungi. Mushrooms, Edible, Poisonous, etc. But indoors the mycelium often runs to the surface of the bed, and there forms the numerous pinheads which are the beginnings of the mushrooms. Studies of American Fungi. Mushrooms, Edible, Poisonous, etc. The beds at this stage often present numerous clusters of the mycelium and these minute pinheads crowded very closely together. Studies of American Fungi. Mushrooms, Edible, Poisonous, etc. Nearly every fungus possesses a mycelium, which, without regard to the specific difference of form and size, especially shows the described nature in its construction and growth. Fungi: Their Nature and Uses The spawn of the mushroom is the popular word used in speaking of the mycelium of the mushroom. Studies of American Fungi. Mushrooms, Edible, Poisonous, etc. Brick spawn.—The brick spawn is so called because the material in which the mycelium is present is in the form of bricks. Studies of American Fungi. Mushrooms, Edible, Poisonous, etc. Sometimes the word "fiber" is used by the mushroom growers in referring to the mycelium which appears in the spawn, or in the mushroom bed. Studies of American Fungi. Mushrooms, Edible, Poisonous, etc. The threads of mycelium, as we know, first originated from the spore of the mushroom. Studies of American Fungi. Mushrooms, Edible, Poisonous, etc. The same mycelium which forms the pedicel for the conidia when it is near the end of its development, forms by normal vegetation a second kind of fructification. Fungi: Their Nature and Uses The spawn or mycelium is in the form of rope-like strands which are usually much branched and matted together. Studies of American Fungi. Mushrooms, Edible, Poisonous, etc. The mycelium is allowed to run until it has thoroughly permeated the manure. Studies of American Fungi. Mushrooms, Edible, Poisonous, etc. It is due to the presence of the mycelium of one of the wood destroying fungi. Studies of American Fungi. Mushrooms, Edible, Poisonous, etc. It is made by breaking down beds through which the mycelium has run, and before the crop of mushrooms appears. Studies of American Fungi. Mushrooms, Edible, Poisonous, etc. The pedicels of both kinds of fruit are formed from the same mycelium in the order just described. Fungi: Their Nature and Uses When the mycelium has thoroughly permeated the bed, it is taken down and broken into irregular pieces, six to eight inches in diameter. Studies of American Fungi. Mushrooms, Edible, Poisonous, etc. It is a large rounded mass, resting on the ground, and near or at the center of the under side, it is attached to the cords of mycelium in the ground. Studies of American Fungi. Mushrooms, Edible, Poisonous, etc. In a few years the branches begin to crumble because of the disorganizing effect of the mycelium in the wood. Studies of American Fungi. Mushrooms, Edible, Poisonous, etc. In such cases, the oaks, beeches, hornbeams, and the like, have the younger parts of their roots completely enveloped with a dense coat of mycelium. Studies of American Fungi. Mushrooms, Edible, Poisonous, etc. If we examine attentively, we can often see both springing up close to one another from the same filament of a mycelium. Fungi: Their Nature and Uses Hawthorne "reported the light from an improvised torch of mycelium infected wood, to have carried him safely several miles through an otherwise impassable forest." Studies of American Fungi. Mushrooms, Edible, Poisonous, etc. These sheets of pure mycelium resemble soft chamois skin or soiled kid leather. Studies of American Fungi. Mushrooms, Edible, Poisonous, etc. This material is horse manure, or a mixture of one or two kinds of manure with some soil, and with the threads of the mycelium growing in it. Studies of American Fungi. Mushrooms, Edible, Poisonous, etc. The fallen leaves, too, are seized upon by the mycelium of a great variety of mushrooms. Studies of American Fungi. Mushrooms, Edible, Poisonous, etc. The Erysiphe which ultimately appears on the same mycelium consists of globose perithecia, externally furnished with thread-like appendages, and internally with asci containing sporidia. Fungi: Their Nature and Uses So the term spawn is rarely applied to the pure mycelium, but is applied to the substratum or material in which spawn is growing; that is, the substratum and mycelium together constitute the spawn. Studies of American Fungi. Mushrooms, Edible, Poisonous, etc. Similar punk is sometimes formed in conifers from the mycelium of Fomes pinicola. Studies of American Fungi. Mushrooms, Edible, Poisonous, etc. |
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