| 单词 | Miocene |
| 例句 | All had died from some mysterious cataclysm just under twelve million years ago in the time known to geology as the Miocene. A Short History of Nearly Everything 2003-05-06T00:00:00Z I told him I was studying hard because I wanted to become either a veterinarian or a geologist specializing in the Miocene period, when the mountains out west were formed. The Glass Castle 2005-03-01T00:00:00Z My favorite rocks to find were geodes, which Monyaid came from the volcanoes that had erupted to form the Tuscarora Mountains millions of years ago, during the Miocene period. The Glass Castle 2005-03-01T00:00:00Z Fossils of these ancients have been found dating from the Cretaceous era while in the Eocene and Miocene they were spread over England and Europe and America. Travels with Charley in Search of America 1962-01-01T00:00:00Z Famed for hiking and its fossils of Miocene mammals, the Agate Fossil Beds national monument is planning several free events. 10 of the best views, festivals and events for the US total solar eclipse 2017-07-13T04:00:00Z They found that Pierolapithecus shares similarities in overall face shape and size with both fossilized and living great apes, but it also has distinct facial features not found in other Middle Miocene apes. Extinct ape gets a facelift, 12 million years later 2023-10-16T04:00:00Z Landscape evolution simulations demonstrated that expansion of the Yangtze watershed since the Late Miocene could be responsible for 1 to 2 kilometers of fluvial incision. New development model for the world's third-longest river 2023-09-22T04:00:00Z Instead it is a complex, convoluted evolutionary experiment that began with humble apes taking their first steps in Miocene forests and eventually set hominins on a path around the world. Fossils Upend Conventional Wisdom about Evolution of Human Bipedalism 2022-11-05T04:00:00Z Glaciers first appeared on Antarctica in the Oligocene and then on Greenland in the Miocene, and covered much of North America and Europe by the Pleistocene. Physical Geology 2015-01-01T00:00:00Z After analyzing fossil teeth found nearby, the team deduced that the false thumb belonged to Ailurarctos, an ancestral panda that lived during the Miocene Epoch, six million to seven million years ago. Fossil Helps Scientists Get a Handle on Panda Thumbs 2022-06-30T04:00:00Z Around 20 million years ago, as the Arabian plate drove under the Eurasian, a belt of sedimentary rock lunged, as fast as rock can lunge, into the Miocene air. Building the First Long-Distance Hiking Trail in Kurdistan 2022-04-20T04:00:00Z In addition, increased erosive power associated with capture and basin integration drove accelerated incision during the Late Miocene. New development model for the world's third-longest river 2023-09-22T04:00:00Z In the silty red soil of Gansu Province in China, a small owl has lain nestled for about 6 million years, since an era known as the Late Miocene. Fossil Holds Clues to How Some Owls Evolved Into Daytime Hunters 2022-03-31T04:00:00Z But scientists recently discovered that some of the area’s rusted rocks conceal traces of the lush rainforests that covered the area 15 million years ago during the Miocene Epoch. Fossils of a Prehistoric Rainforest Hide in Australia’s Rusted Rocks 2022-01-07T05:00:00Z That meant that sharks suddenly became much less common, relative to fish, during an era known as the early Miocene, Dr. Sibert concluded. Sharks Almost Went the Way of the Dinosaurs 19 Million Years Ago 2021-06-03T04:00:00Z The slowdown corresponds to a 10°C drop in temperatures in the late Miocene, when ice sheets began to grow across Antarctica after a long hiatus. Slowdown in plate tectonics may have led to Earth’s ice sheets 2020-12-22T05:00:00Z That is similar to those in pre-industrial times, and not enough to account for the much higher temperatures of the early Miocene. 'Mummified' plants give glimpse of Earth's future 2020-08-20T04:00:00Z Recognition of these events brings Yellowstone's total number of eruptions during the late Miocene to six. Geologists find evidence of two new supervolcano eruptions at Yellowstone 2020-07-12T04:00:00Z The area, McGraths Flat, is not Australia’s only Miocene deposit, but these new fossils are a paleontological boon because of their exquisite preservation. Fossils of a Prehistoric Rainforest Hide in Australia’s Rusted Rocks 2022-01-07T05:00:00Z There were no significant climatic changes in the early Miocene, and there’s no evidence of an asteroid impact around that time. Sharks Almost Went the Way of the Dinosaurs 19 Million Years Ago 2021-06-03T04:00:00Z The earlier event corresponds with the end of the Miocene, when temperatures dropped and humanity’s ancestors diverged from our chimpanzee cousins. Is Betelgeuse, one of the sky’s brightest stars, on the brink of a supernova? 2019-12-27T05:00:00Z Living African ape species inhabit the equatorial region of Africa, but, during certain times of the Miocene, many ancestral great apes were living throughout Europe and Asia and migrating both to and out of Africa. Fossil ape hints at how walking on two feet evolved 2019-11-05T05:00:00Z The parrot’s bones were found near St Bathans on New Zealand’s South Island, where fossil deposits are filled with creatures from the early Miocene, a period that spanned 19 million to 16 million years ago. These Giant Parrots Once Roamed New Zealand 2019-08-06T04:00:00Z The bird probably lived during the Early Miocene, which spanned from about 23 million to 16 million years ago. Meet ‘Squawkzilla,’ the massive prehistoric parrot scientists say terrorized other birds 2019-08-07T04:00:00Z The fossils were found in Central Otago, New Zealand, near St. Bathans, an area that is rich with bird fossils from millions of years ago, stemming from the Early Miocene period. Fossils of 'Squawkzilla,' 19 million-year-old cannibal parrot, found in New Zealand 2019-08-07T04:00:00Z St Bathans, where the giant parrot's leg bones were excavated, is an area known for its abundance of fossils from the Miocene epoch, which extended from 23 million to 5.3 million years ago. Ancient parrot half the size of humans discovered 2019-08-07T04:00:00Z Until more fossil evidence of how African apes evolved is found, a bottom-up approach from the Miocene is probably our best means of deciphering the evolution of one of our most defining human features. Fossil ape hints at how walking on two feet evolved 2019-11-05T05:00:00Z Tiny fossils indicate that the oldest parts of the core date back to the late Miocene, about 6 million years ago, dates that were confirmed by the patterns of magnetism recorded in the sediments. Newly drilled sediment cores could reveal how fast the Antarctic ice sheet will melt 2019-04-15T04:00:00Z A duck on your local pond looks and sounds very much like a duck 20m years ago, in the Miocene epoch, when birds ruled the planet. The radical otherness of birds: Jonathan Franzen on why they matter 2018-03-23T04:00:00Z Ospreys as a whole must be quite old: there are Miocene species of Pandion and Oligocene remains of indeterminate forms. Raptors Once More (Raptors, Part 2) 2018-01-21T05:00:00Z Like many of its contemporary species, Vulcanops went extinct after the early Miocene era. Extinct Burrowing Bat Discovered, and It Was Giant 2018-01-11T05:00:00Z Late Cretaceous to Miocene sea-level estimates from the New Jersey and Delaware coastal plain coreholes: an error analysis. Initiation and long-term instability of the East Antarctic Ice Sheet 2017-12-12T05:00:00Z By studying the fossilized remains of the animal's teeth, skull, and humerus, the researchers determined the 50-pound climber roamed rainforests about 18 to 26 million years ago, during the late Oligocene and early Miocene eras. New Species of Dog-Size Marsupial Lion Discovered 2017-12-07T05:00:00Z Barnosky, A. D. Distinguishing the effects of the Red Queen and Court Jester on Miocene mammal evolution in the northern Rocky Mountains. Reconciling taxon senescence with the Red Queen’s hypothesis 2017-11-28T05:00:00Z Age: Miocene, between 18 and 9 million years ago. Paleo Profile: The Sand Whale 2017-11-25T05:00:00Z New infant cranium from the African Miocene sheds light on ape evolution. Meet Alesi, the Prehistoric Infant Ape 2017-10-01T04:00:00Z Late Miocene global cooling and the rise of modern ecosystems. Initiation and long-term instability of the East Antarctic Ice Sheet 2017-12-12T05:00:00Z And if that’s the case, then it might mean the spot in the Miocene sea held special significance to the other whales buried in the same area. A Little Giant 2017-09-24T04:00:00Z These so-called hominoids — that is, the gibbons, great apes and humans — emerged and diversified during the Miocene epoch, approximately 23 million to 5 million years ago. Fossil Reveals What Last Common Ancestor of Humans and Apes Looked Liked 2017-08-10T04:00:00Z A new Miocene baleen whale from Peru deciphers the dawn of cetotheriids. Paleo Profile: The Sand Whale 2017-11-25T05:00:00Z The skull of an infant ape, found more than 13 million years after it died, may reveal how human ancestors looked during the period of time known as the Miocene epoch. 13 Million-Year-Old Ape Skull Found in Kenya 2017-08-10T04:00:00Z Modern great apes and humans are the descendants of one of these Miocene ape lineages. Amazing 13-Million-Year-Old Ape Skull Discovered 2017-08-09T04:00:00Z The presence of such a young individual, Tsai proposes, might mean that what’s now Hiroshima was a whale calving ground back in the Miocene. A Little Giant 2017-09-24T04:00:00Z “The problem is that we learn from fossils by comparing them to others. When there are no other infant Miocene ape skulls to which to make those comparisons, your hands are tied.” Ancient infant ape skull sheds light on the ancestor of all humans and living apes 2017-08-09T04:00:00Z One theory posits that marine waters inundated western Amazonia during the Miocene epoch, 23 million to five million years ago, possibly creating an environment where hosts of new species could evolve. Amazon Rain Forest May Have Once Been a Giant Marine Lake 2017-06-21T04:00:00Z The big fish lived in the Miocene, about 20 million years ago, and likely swam in shallow waters at mid-latitudes, in both the Atlantic and Pacific, the scientists wrote. Extinct Car-Sized Shark Discovered 2016-10-04T04:00:00Z After diverging from Old World monkeys’ ancestors between 25 and 28 million years ago, apes diversified near the middle of the Miocene epoch. Amazing 13-Million-Year-Old Ape Skull Discovered 2017-08-09T04:00:00Z "Giraffes nowadays are characteristic of Africa. But in the Miocene there were giraffes both in Eurasia and in Africa. And the origin of giraffes is probably in Asia, in Pakistan," Dr Israel Sánchez explained. Giraffe’s long lost cousin found? - BBC News 2015-12-04T05:00:00Z This neat split is now being challenged by a strange new Miocene ape—Pliobates cataloniae, named for the province of Catalonia in Spain. Mother of all apes—including humans—may have been surprisingly small 2015-10-29T04:00:00Z They were initially suspected to be Paleogene or Miocene, and – for some of the locations – this view was the dominant paradigm really recently. Late Cretaceous Animals of Romania's Haţeg Island, A More Complex View 2015-09-28T04:00:00Z This new specimen, named Archaeodobenus akamatsui, was collected from the late Miocene of Hokkaido, Japan, and dating of the rock it was found in indicate it is at least 10 million years old. Tuskless 10 Million Year-Old Walrus Ancestor Discovered In Japan 2015-08-06T04:00:00Z The investigations show these creatures probably first arrived in the eastern Caribbean about six million years ago, in the late Miocene. Caribbean super-rat history extracted from DNA - BBC News 2015-04-22T04:00:00Z A team of Brazilian paleontologists calculated the strength of a bite by the Purussaurus brasiliensis, a reptile that lived in the Late Miocene period. Giant caiman packed fierce bite 2015-02-26T05:00:00Z Yet somehow, the shark that came to rest in the Gibsons’ back yard sank belly-up when it died during the Miocene Epoch. Md. family uncovers 15-million-year-old shark skeleton during backyard dig Some were thought to date to the Miocene until just a few years ago, the discovery of undoubtedly Cretaceous dinosaur bones and palynomorphs finally causing opinion to shift. Late Cretaceous Animals of Romania's Haţeg Island, A More Complex View 2015-09-28T04:00:00Z Most of the fossils are believed to be about 20 million years old, dating to the Miocene Epoch, when the ocean extended as far inland as Bakersfield. Fossils unearthed at California construction site 2014-07-07T04:00:00Z The impact glasses examined in this study come from the Pampas of Argentina and have a range of dates under 10 million years old - in the Miocene and Holocene periods. Ancient life 'frozen' by impacts 2014-04-18T01:54:53Z Muskrats – ondatrines – have an extensive fossil history extending back into the Miocene. North America: land of obscure, freaky voles 2014-01-13T16:45:00.548Z Comparing the teeth of snaggletooths then and now will help scientists understand the workings of shark evolution, the likely diet of prehistoric species and the climate during the Miocene Epoch. Md. family uncovers 15-million-year-old shark skeleton during backyard dig It belonged to Magnolia latahensis, an extinct tree of the Miocene period. Jurassic Park and the race for ancient DNA 2013-08-01T13:45:00.700Z The earliest known fossils of early apes and Old World monkeys date from the early Miocene and have been found in just a handful of sites in Kenya, Uganda, and North Africa. Fossils May Pinpoint Critical Split Between Apes and Monkeys 2013-05-15T18:20:00Z Combined with a more arid Miocene climate, such a system would not transport substantial fluvial detritus to the trough. [Technical Response] Response to Comments on “Apatite 4He/3He and (U-Th)/He Evidence for an Ancient Grand Canyon” 2013-04-18T15:55:40.980Z The modern old-world monkeys emerged during the Miocene epoch, which lasted about 5 million to 23 million years ago and saw the first appearance of wide expanses of grasslands. Fossils of Earliest Old World Monkeys Unearthed 2013-03-19T16:15:00.393Z The new fossils date to 17 to 19 million years ago, or the early-mid Miocene epoch, making them the youngest known toothed whales. New Whale Species Unearthed in California Highway Dig 2013-02-17T22:37:28Z These are certainly not the only fossil squamate eggs – there are gekkotan eggs from the Cretaceous of Spain, India, Mongolia and the USA, the Miocene of Kenya, Oligocene of Germany and elsewhere. A drowned nesting colony of Late Cretaceous birds 2012-05-15T16:15:03.013Z "Similar cases of mistaken identity have occurred in the past," Harrison says, including claims for Miocene primates in East Africa that turned out to be artiodactyls and other nonprimates. Fossils May Pinpoint Critical Split Between Apes and Monkeys 2013-05-15T18:20:00Z It was, therefore, during the Miocene period that the elevation of this part of the chain began, while the disturbance of the Siwalik-like sandstone indicates that the folding continued into the Pliocene period. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 13, Slice 4 "Hero" to "Hindu Chronology" 2012-04-04T02:00:56.447Z The grey shaded region shows that an increase in mutation rate going back in time can accommodate present-day estimates, fossil hypotheses, and a middle Miocene speciation for orang-utan. Insights into hominid evolution from the gorilla genome sequence 2012-03-07T18:21:00.777Z Eocene nummulitic beds occur, but the deposits are mostly of Miocene age. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 13, Slice 8 "Hudson River" to "Hurstmonceaux" 2012-02-24T03:00:27.173Z The Pliocene is of marine origin, and rests unconformably upon all the older beds, including the Post-oligocene igneous rocks, thus proving that the final folding and the last volcanic outbursts were approximately of Miocene age. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 7, Slice 8 "Cube" to "Daguerre, Louis" 2012-01-31T03:00:17.257Z These may be referred to the Miocene Tertiary epoch. Early Days in North Queensland 2012-01-24T03:00:29.987Z Some of the beds which Hill has placed in the Eocene have been referred by earlier writers to the Miocene. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 12, Slice 7 "Gyantse" to "Hallel" 2011-12-26T03:00:11.613Z The grey shaded region shows that an increase in mutation rate going back in time can accommodate present-day estimates, fossil hypotheses, and a middle Miocene speciation for orang-utan. Insights into hominid evolution from the gorilla genome sequence 2012-03-07T18:21:00.777Z Five subdivisions may be recognised in the Miocene deposits, corresponding with five different stages in the evolution of southern Europe. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 13, Slice 8 "Hudson River" to "Hurstmonceaux" 2012-02-24T03:00:27.173Z Several forms occur in the Oligocene and Miocene beds of Europe. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 7, Slice 8 "Cube" to "Daguerre, Louis" 2012-01-31T03:00:17.257Z The rocks in southern El Pet�n are predominately Miocene marine limestones; there are occasional pockets of Pliocene deposits. Amphibians and Reptiles of the Rainforests of Southern El Peten, Guatemala 2011-12-25T03:00:10.957Z The Pliocene, or 824 at all events Miocene precursor of man, was a furred creature. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 12, Slice 7 "Gyantse" to "Hallel" 2011-12-26T03:00:11.613Z Since the middle Miocene—an epoch of abundance and diversity for apes throughout Eurasia and Africa—the prevailing pattern of ape evolution has been one of fragmentation and extinction. Insights into hominid evolution from the gorilla genome sequence 2012-03-07T18:21:00.777Z Miocene.—This formation, one of the most widely spread in polar lands, though the most local in Greenland, is also the best known feature in its geology. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 12, Slice 5 "Greek Law" to "Ground-Squirrel" 2011-12-05T03:00:51.527Z The Pikermi deposits, of late Miocene age, are famous for their rich mammalian fauna. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 12, Slice 4 "Grasshopper" to "Greek Language" 2011-11-28T03:00:19.517Z And now, as the wheels of time and change rolled slowly on, sharks again came uppermost, and the warmer Eocene and Miocene oceans appear to have fairly teemed with these sea wolves. Animals of the Past 2011-11-16T03:00:27.497Z Nor was the violent volcanic and diastrophic activity in the Miocene associated with extreme climates. Climatic Changes Their Nature and Causes 2011-10-28T02:00:24.840Z It is not possible to determine when the genus evolved, but to explain the differentiation of the species it is unnecessary to have the ancestral Smilisca present prior to the Miocene. Neotropical Hylid Frogs, Genus Smilisca 2011-10-24T02:00:14.853Z The Kalahari Kalk, which extends over large areas to the south-east of Ovampoland, may be of Miocene age, but it has not yielded fossils. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 11, Slice 7 "Geoponici" to "Germany" 2011-09-26T02:00:25.313Z A new genus of colubrid snake from the Upper Miocene of North America. A Revision of Snakes of the Genus Conophis (Family Colubridae, from Middle America) 2011-09-25T02:00:14.967Z He then investigated the rich deposit of fossil vertebrata at Pikermi and brought to light a remarkable mammalian fauna, Miocene in age, and intermediate in its forms between European, Asiatic and African types. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 11, Slice 5 "Gassendi, Pierre" to "Geocentric" 2011-09-02T02:00:20.450Z Nevertheless, both at the end of the Mesozoic and in the Miocene the climate may possibly have been severe for a time, although the record is lost. Climatic Changes Their Nature and Causes 2011-10-28T02:00:24.840Z Possibly in the middle Miocene before the Talamanca Range in Costa Rica and western Panam� was greatly uplifted, the ancestral stock of the sordida group invaded the Caribbean lowlands of what is now Costa Rica. Neotropical Hylid Frogs, Genus Smilisca 2011-10-24T02:00:14.853Z The Eocene system is unknown in Germany except in the foothills of the Alps; but the Oligocene and Miocene are widely spread, especially in the great plain and in the depression of the Danube. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 11, Slice 7 "Geoponici" to "Germany" 2011-09-26T02:00:25.313Z A single specimen of Dryinoides from the Miocene of Montana has been compared with this genus. A Revision of Snakes of the Genus Conophis (Family Colubridae, from Middle America) 2011-09-25T02:00:14.967Z They are of different ages, and belong to different periods of the earth's history, from early Palæozoic down to Miocene times. Sea-Weeds, Shells and Fossils 2011-08-20T02:00:11.557Z The Halitherium was a Sirenian with which we are only acquainted by its fossil remains found in the Miocene formation of Central and Southern Europe. Sea Monsters Unmasked and Sea Fables Explained 2011-07-11T02:00:07.857Z Identifiable hylid remains are known from the Miocene to the Recent, but these fossils are mostly fragmentary and provide little useful information regarding the phylogenetic relationships of living genera. Neotropical Hylid Frogs, Genus Smilisca 2011-10-24T02:00:14.853Z The very much broader depression of the Danube is associated with the formation of the Alps, and was flooded by the sea during a part of the Miocene period. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 11, Slice 7 "Geoponici" to "Germany" 2011-09-26T02:00:25.313Z The two genera could be related, for the progenitors of Conophis possibly inhabited much of North America in the Miocene. A Revision of Snakes of the Genus Conophis (Family Colubridae, from Middle America) 2011-09-25T02:00:14.967Z The trees of the Miocene circumpolar forest appear to have found there a secure home; and the Japanese islands, to which most of these trees belong, must be remarkably adapted to them. The Chain of Life in Geological Time A Sketch of the Origin and Succession of Animals and Plants 2011-06-01T02:00:24.880Z Below these, are strata which are termed Miocene, implying a smaller number of new species. The Plurality of Worlds 2011-06-01T02:00:23.787Z According to Lloyd's concept, Middle America in the Miocene consisted of a broad peninsula extending southeastward to about central Nicaragua, separated from the Panamanian Spur of continental South America by shallow seas. Neotropical Hylid Frogs, Genus Smilisca 2011-10-24T02:00:14.853Z Germany and the Miocene of the Danube valley is also in part marine, but in central Germany it is of fluviatile or lacustrine origin. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 11, Slice 7 "Geoponici" to "Germany" 2011-09-26T02:00:25.313Z In Tertiary times the Central Plateau was the theatre of great volcanic activity from the Miocene to the Pleistocene periods, and many of the volcanoes remain as nearly perfect cones to the present day. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 10, Slice 7 "Fox, George" to "France" 2011-05-15T02:00:07.897Z On the flanks of the elevated region supporting the beds formed in the Eocene lakes, are other later lake basins of Miocene age, also abounding in animal remains. The Chain of Life in Geological Time A Sketch of the Origin and Succession of Animals and Plants 2011-06-01T02:00:24.880Z Our speculation is supported by the fact that their known fossil history from the Miocene is confined to geographic areas that had tropical and subtropical climates. Metabolic Adaptation to Climate and Distribution of the Raccoon Procyon Lotor and Other Procyonidae 2011-05-07T02:00:34.980Z Prior to the uplift of the mountains in the late Miocene and the Pliocene the baudini-cyanosticta stock probably was widespread in northwestern Central America. Neotropical Hylid Frogs, Genus Smilisca 2011-10-24T02:00:14.853Z Hot spring deposits are extremely rare in the fossil record, and examples that are older than the Miocene are even rarer. Newly Discovered Plant Fossil Reveals More Than Age 2011-05-06T16:37:00Z At present I know no good evidence for believing that the separation of the Hominidæ from the Simiidæ took place any earlier than the Miocene, and probably the Upper Miocene. Man, Past and Present 2011-03-28T02:00:29.283Z A generalised Miocene ruminant, with affinities to the Deer, Camel, and Hog. The Chain of Life in Geological Time A Sketch of the Origin and Succession of Animals and Plants 2011-06-01T02:00:24.880Z This suggests that of the extant procyonids, Nasua nasua, Nasua narica, and Procyon cancrivorus have retained metabolic and behavioral characteristics that are closest to those of their Miocene ancestors. Metabolic Adaptation to Climate and Distribution of the Raccoon Procyon Lotor and Other Procyonidae 2011-05-07T02:00:34.980Z Fossil remains of flamingos have been described from the Lower Miocene of France as P. croizeti, and from the Pliocene of Oregon. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 10, Slice 4 "Finland" to "Fleury, Andre" 2011-03-20T02:00:30.697Z Lyell divided the Tertiary strata into three groups: Eocene, recent dawn; Miocene, less recent; Pliocene, more recent. Famous Men of Science 2011-03-08T03:00:49.717Z The ancestral chimpanzee-gorilla-man stock appears to be represented by the Upper Miocene genera Sivapithecus and Dryopithecus, the former more closely allied to, or directly ancestral to, the Hominidæ, the latter to the chimpanzee and gorilla. Man, Past and Present 2011-03-28T02:00:29.283Z So important was the group in Miocene times that seven elephants are already known from this formation in India alone, besides three species of Mastodon. The Chain of Life in Geological Time A Sketch of the Origin and Succession of Animals and Plants 2011-06-01T02:00:24.880Z Towards the middle of the Miocene period some of these arms were completely cut off from the ocean and large deposits of salt were formed, as at Wieliczka. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 9, Slice 8 "Ethiopia" to "Evangelical Association" 2011-03-05T03:00:24.537Z The longest-known genus and the one containing the largest species is Anchitherium, typically from the Middle Miocene of Europe, but also represented by one species from the Upper Miocene of North America. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 9, Slice 7 "Equation" to "Ethics" 2011-02-27T03:00:31.973Z Miocene, the middle or second epoch of the Tertiary. A Manual of the Antiquity of Man 2011-02-21T03:00:07.080Z Traces of glacial conditions have also been met with in the Eocene and Miocene. Geology 2011-02-20T03:00:12.660Z Porcupines and Beavers are added in the Miocene. The Chain of Life in Geological Time A Sketch of the Origin and Succession of Animals and Plants 2011-06-01T02:00:24.880Z A collective polyphyletic or heterogeneous group, originally cosmopolitan; with certainty existing since the Miocene. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 3, Slice 7 "Bible" to "Bisectrix" 2010-12-20T17:12:05.780Z Nearly allied is the American Mesohippus, ranging from the Lower Miocene to the Lower Oligocene of the United States, of which the earliest species stood only about 18 in. at the shoulder. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 9, Slice 7 "Equation" to "Ethics" 2011-02-27T03:00:31.973Z The folding of the Anti-Taurus affects the Eocene but not the Miocene, while in the Taurus the Miocene beds have been elevated, but without much folding, to great heights. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 2, Slice 7 "Arundel, Thomas" to "Athens" The genus has a very wide distribution, extending from Europe through Asia to North America, and occurring in strata which are of Oligocene and Miocene age. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 2, Slice 6 "Armour Plates" to "Arundel, Earls of" The antelopes of this group, as well as the gigantic Sivatherium of India,81 allied to the modern prong-horned antelope of North America, were prominent in the Old World in the Miocene. The Chain of Life in Geological Time A Sketch of the Origin and Succession of Animals and Plants 2011-06-01T02:00:24.880Z There were, for instance, trogons, secretary-birds, parrots, and other now Ethiopian forms in Miocene France. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 3, Slice 7 "Bible" to "Bisectrix" 2010-12-20T17:12:05.780Z Miocene, Pliocene, Pleistocene, and Recent are such terms. A Book-Lover's Holidays in the Open In structure the gorilla reveals a close kinship with the human family, and was probably derived from a common ancestry which probably differentiated into man's forerunner and the gorilla's in Miocene times. The New Gresham Encyclopedia. Vol. 1 Part 2 Amiel to Atrauli Be this as it may, the Apennines, excepting in Calabria, are formed chiefly of Triassic, Jurassic, Cretaceous, Eocene and Miocene beds. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 2, Slice 2 "Anjar" to "Apollo" Four or five Miocene Mastodons are known in Europe, besides two Dinotheria; and the true Elephants appear there in the Pliocene, and continue to the beginning of the Modern. The Chain of Life in Geological Time A Sketch of the Origin and Succession of Animals and Plants 2011-06-01T02:00:24.880Z The Miocene has yielded by far the greatest number of bird-bones, including even eggs and imprints of feathers. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 3, Slice 7 "Bible" to "Bisectrix" 2010-12-20T17:12:05.780Z But just at this point in the story comes a period,—a very important one, too,—the Miocene—of which we have no remains in our Islands. The Geological Story of the Isle of Wight In the Miocene above, about the time when Anchitherium flourished, there appeared a family with whom he might claim relationship, for they were not only akin to the Ungulates but Perissodactyles, or "odd-toed," like himself. The Old Riddle and the Newest Answer Extinct Antelopes.—Only a few lines can be devoted to extinct antelopes, the earliest of which apparently date from the European Miocene. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 2, Slice 2 "Anjar" to "Apollo" They appear to attain to their culmination in the Miocene, when their powers seem to be proportionate to those of the great and well-armed quadrupeds they had to deal with. The Chain of Life in Geological Time A Sketch of the Origin and Succession of Animals and Plants 2011-06-01T02:00:24.880Z Pliocene remains are less numerous than those of the Miocene. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 3, Slice 7 "Bible" to "Bisectrix" 2010-12-20T17:12:05.780Z We said that there are no strata in the British Isles representing the next period, the Miocene. The Geological Story of the Isle of Wight If Equus really existed in the Upper Miocene, it was antecedent to some of its supposed ancestors. The Old Riddle and the Newest Answer The folding and consequent elevation went on until the close of the Miocene period when a considerable subsidence took place and the Pliocene sea overspread the lower portions of the range. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 2, Slice 2 "Anjar" to "Apollo" But we cannot trace 235man or any of the contemporary mammals back to the Miocene. The Chain of Life in Geological Time A Sketch of the Origin and Succession of Animals and Plants 2011-06-01T02:00:24.880Z The Miocene period was one of general uplift. The History of Cuba, vol. 1 For our soft Oligocene strata, if exposed to rain and river action during the long Miocene period and the time which followed, would surely have been entirely swept away. The Geological Story of the Isle of Wight For instance, the genus Equus appears in the Upper Siwalik beds, which have been ascribed to the Miocene age. The Old Riddle and the Newest Answer Gazelles are common in the Miocene and Pliocene of both Europe and Asia. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 2, Slice 2 "Anjar" to "Apollo" Various supposed indications of his presence in “Inter-glacial” Glacial, Pliocene, and even Miocene deposits have proved on examination to be unreliable. The Chain of Life in Geological Time A Sketch of the Origin and Succession of Animals and Plants 2011-06-01T02:00:24.880Z Miocene , that period of the Cenozoic era when apes were transformed into man. Unexplored! The Miocene was succeeded by the Pliocene, when the strata called the Crag, which cover the surface of Norfolk and Suffolk, were formed. The Geological Story of the Isle of Wight Finally the Tertiary has three main divisions; the Eocene, or "dawn of the recent," Miocene, or "less recent," and Pliocene, or "more recent." The Old Riddle and the Newest Answer The Tertiary system includes conglomerates, sandstones, limestones and marls, which appear to be of Eocene, Oligocene and Miocene age. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 4, Slice 3 "Borgia, Lucrezia" to "Bradford, John" Thus if we suppose these men derived from apes by any process of gradual change, we must look for their brute ancestors, not in the Pliocene or Miocene, but in the Eocene itself. The Chain of Life in Geological Time A Sketch of the Origin and Succession of Animals and Plants 2011-06-01T02:00:24.880Z Oligocene and Eocene time Pliocene and Miocene time. Unexplored! Evergreens, which form three-fourths of the flora in the Lower Miocene, divide the flora with deciduous trees in the Upper. The Geological Story of the Isle of Wight An older Miocene form, Mesohippus, has three toes in front, with a large splint-like rudiment representing the little finger, and three toes behind. The Old Riddle and the Newest Answer It is held that in the Miocene and Pliocene periods there were land connexions with the Philippines, Java and the Moluccas, and through the last with Australasian lands to the east and south-east. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 5, Slice 5 "Cat" to "Celt" At least we have fossil evidence that during the Miocene Epoch plants of many families flourished in Greenland of which no vestige is now left in the Polar area. The History of the European Fauna In the Miocene deposits, which are next in succession to the Eocene, we begin to find a considerable number, although still a minority, of recent species, intermixed with some fossils common to the preceding epoch. Principles of Geology or, The Modern Changes of the Earth and its Inhabitants Considered as Illustrative of Geology But the greater part of the movement may be assigned to the Miocene, the period of great world-movements which raised the Alps and the Himalaya. The Geological Story of the Isle of Wight By the loss of the third lower molar and certain modifications of the other teeth and skull, the Miocene genus Plesictis may be derived from Cynodictis, its dental formula being i. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 5, Slice 4 "Carnegie Andrew" to "Casus Belli" On the south the corresponding zone is affected by numerous secondary folds which involve the Sarmatian or Upper Miocene deposits. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 5, Slice 5 "Cat" to "Celt" During early Tertiary times, and probably throughout the Miocene and Pliocene Epochs, the �gean Sea did not exist. The History of the European Fauna The conchological evidence respecting the British Miocene, Pliocene, and Pleistocene fossils, examined by Mr. Forbes, in the paper before cited, p. Principles of Geology or, The Modern Changes of the Earth and its Inhabitants Considered as Illustrative of Geology In the Miocene deposits, which succeed next to the Eocene, we begin to find a considerable number, although still a minority, of recent species intermixed with some fossils common to the preceding epoch. Blackwood's Edinburgh Magazine, Volume 57, No. 354, April 1845 The folding of this zone took place during the Miocene period. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 5, Slice 4 "Carnegie Andrew" to "Casus Belli" The final folding of the chain undoubtedly occurred at the close of the Miocene period. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 5, Slice 5 "Cat" to "Celt" The Alps were then appearing in this sea, probably as a chain of islands, and in the beginning of the Miocene Epoch one large elongated island had made its appearance—the future European Alps. The History of the European Fauna A provincial name for a soft green sandstone, associated with marl and conglomerates, belonging to the Miocene Tertiary Period, extensively developed in the lower country of Switzerland. Principles of Geology or, The Modern Changes of the Earth and its Inhabitants Considered as Illustrative of Geology Miocene strata are absent in the southern Tertiary areas, but are present at Moghara and in the north. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 9, Slice 1 "Edwardes" to "Ehrenbreitstein" DINOTHERIUM, an extinct mammal, fossil remains of which occur in the Miocene beds of France, Germany, Greece and Northern India. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 8, Slice 5 "Dinard" to "Dodsworth" Next overlying the Eocene, the Miocene rocks have fossils of animals belonging to modern families—rhinoceroses, camels, deer, dogs, cats, horses—but the genera of which are now extinct. Earth and Sky Every Child Should Know Easy studies of the earth and the stars for any time and place I have already mentioned that the Miocene Sea skirted the Alps from the Mediterranean up the valley of the Rhone and along its northern and eastern margin. The History of the European Fauna Grus, indeed, is a very ancient form, its remains appearing in the Miocene of France and Greece, as well as in the Pliocene and Post-pliocene of North America. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 7, Slice 6 "Coucy-le-Château" to "Crocodile" A new genus of Soricidae from the Barstow Miocene of California. Pleistocene Soricidae from San Josecito Cave, Nuevo Leon, Mexico By this means the Dekkan on the one hand and South Africa on the other, became connected with the Miocene dry land and with one another. Island Life Or the Phenomena and Causes of Insular Faunas and Floras Mesohippus, the three-toed horse, found in the Miocene, shows the fourth toe reduced to splints, and the skeleton as big as that of a sheep. Earth and Sky Every Child Should Know Easy studies of the earth and the stars for any time and place Miocene marine deposits are also known from the Southern Alps and the east side of the Apennines, from Corsica, Sardinia, and Malta. The History of the European Fauna Was the oldest Homo Sapiens Pliocene or Miocene, or yet more ancient? . . . Bible Myths and their Parallels in other Religions Being a Comparison of the Old and New Testament Myths and Miracles with those of the Heathen Nations of Antiquity Considering also their Origin and Meaning Fossil remains of extinct civets are found in the Miocene strata of Europe. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 6, Slice 4 "Cincinnatus" to "Cleruchy" F. warmer in Miocene times, while Mackenzie River, now totally removed from its influence was 28� warmer. Island Life Or the Phenomena and Causes of Insular Faunas and Floras Hypohippus, the three-toed forest horse, found in the middle Miocene strata of Colorado, is a related species, but not a direct ancestor of the modern horse. Earth and Sky Every Child Should Know Easy studies of the earth and the stars for any time and place The genus Elephas makes its first appearance in the Upper Miocene of India. The History of the European Fauna Sketch Map of Rhenish Area in the Miocene Epoch " 114 " 21. Volcanoes: Past and Present Certain remnants of the Miocene flora which have disappeared from Europe are still conspicuous and similar in North America and China. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 6, Slice 2 "Chicago, University of" to "Chiton" A deep submergence of Behring's Strait, letting in the Pacific warm current to the polar area, would have produced a mild Arctic climate like that of the Miocene period. Island Life Or the Phenomena and Causes of Insular Faunas and Floras These comprise three series, called the Eocene, Miocene, and Pliocene, the Eocene being the oldest. Earth and Sky Every Child Should Know Easy studies of the earth and the stars for any time and place In still earlier European deposits—the Miocene—we find the ancestors of modern Elephants, which are probably of Asiatic origin. The History of the European Fauna But at the commencement of the succeeding Miocene stage the crust was subjected to lateral contraction, owing to which the ocean bed was upraised. Volcanoes: Past and Present The Tertiary beds include both marine and terrestrial deposits, and appear to be chiefly of Miocene and Pliocene age. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 6, Slice 2 "Chicago, University of" to "Chiton" Rich floras have been discovered in the Miocene, the Eocene, and the Upper Cretaceous formations, and these consist almost wholly of living genera, and many of them of species very closely allied to existing forms. Island Life Or the Phenomena and Causes of Insular Faunas and Floras Then the mighty upheaval came, the mountain ridge rose at the end of the Miocene epoch and stretched itself for hundreds of miles through the region which is now the coast of California and Oregon. Earth and Sky Every Child Should Know Easy studies of the earth and the stars for any time and place The Atlantic was joined with the Mediterranean across the valley of the Guadalquivir during the Miocene Epoch, so that Andalusia must have belonged to North Africa in those days. The History of the European Fauna It was about the epoch we have now arrived at—viz., the close of the Miocene—that volcanic action burst forth in the region of the Lower Rhine. Volcanoes: Past and Present Cænolithic, or Tertiary Epoch, constitutes the Age of Mammals and Leaf Forests, and is made up of the Eocene, Miocene, and Phocene Period. Was Man Created? The rich insect fauna of the Miocene period in Switzerland consisted largely of genera still inhabiting Europe, and even of a considerable number identical, or almost so, with living species. Island Life Or the Phenomena and Causes of Insular Faunas and Floras It is quite probable, however, that they may yet be found in Eocene strata, since examples of their highest representatives, the anthropoid or manlike apes, have been found in Miocene rocks. Man And His Ancestor A Study In Evolution He tells us that species of Pomatias have been found in eocene deposits differing but little from our present forms, while undoubted Campylae� are not met with till we reach the upper Miocene. The History of the European Fauna The last great upheaval commenced after the Miocene period, and continued through the Pliocene. The Beauties of Nature and the Wonders of the World We Live In It was chiefly in its middle and latter, or Miocene, Pliocene, and Pleistocene ages, that the myriads of its huger giants,—its dinotheria, mastodons, and mammoths,—cumbered the soil. The Testimony of the Rocks or, Geology in Its Bearings on the Two Theologies, Natural and Revealed In the southern part of Java, however, there is an extensive range of low mountains, about 3,000 feet high, consisting of basalt with limestone, apparently of Miocene age. Island Life Or the Phenomena and Causes of Insular Faunas and Floras Among these residents of early Europe was at least one representative of the anthropoid apes, the fossil species known as Dryopithecus, from the middle Miocene deposits of St. Gaudens, France. Man And His Ancestor A Study In Evolution The most extensive of the oil shales of the United States are found in the Eocene beds of northwestern Colorado, northeastern Utah, and southwestern Wyoming, and in the Miocene beds of northern Nevada. The Economic Aspect of Geology Upper Miocene.—Calcareous marl; gypsum, etc.; sulphur embedded in calcareous limestone; silicious limestone; tripoli, containing fossils of fish, insects' eggs, etc. Scientific American Supplement, No. 647, May 26, 1888 In the Middle or Miocene Tertiary, pachyderms, though of a wholly different type from their predecessors, are still the prevailing forms. The Testimony of the Rocks or, Geology in Its Bearings on the Two Theologies, Natural and Revealed The rich Miocene flora of Switzerland, described by Professor Heer, presents a still larger proportion of living genera. Island Life Or the Phenomena and Causes of Insular Faunas and Floras It may have been as far back as the early Pliocene or the late Miocene Period, or even earlier. Man And His Ancestor A Study In Evolution Woodward; he also obtained many fossils from the Miocene and newer strata. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 3, Part 1, Slice 3 "Banks" to "Bassoon" Middle Miocene.—Sandstone containing quartz, intercalated with marl of a saltish taste. Scientific American Supplement, No. 647, May 26, 1888 It is estimated that even the newer Auvergne lavas are as old as the times of the Miocene. The Testimony of the Rocks or, Geology in Its Bearings on the Two Theologies, Natural and Revealed The age of these fossils is not known, but as almost all are extinct species, and some are almost identical with European Pliocene and Miocene species, they are supposed to belong to a corresponding period. Island Life Or the Phenomena and Causes of Insular Faunas and Floras Seemingly chipped stones have been found that belong to the remote Miocene geological age. Man And His Ancestor A Study In Evolution The Eocene beds are folded, but the marginal Pliocene beds are not, and the final folding seems to have taken place during the Miocene period. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 3, Part 1, Slice 2 "Baconthorpe" to "Bankruptcy" Lower Miocene.—Rock salt; blue marl, containing petroleum and bitumen; flintstone; ferruginous clay, mixed with aragonite and bituminous schists; ferruginous and silicious sandstone. Scientific American Supplement, No. 647, May 26, 1888 We divide it into Pliocene, Miocene, and Eocene, and each of these into upper, middle, and lower, the Eocene being the oldest. More Science From an Easy Chair In fact the Miocene mammalian fauna of Europe and the Himalayan regions contain, associated together, the types which are at present separately located in the South African and Indian provinces of Arctog�a. Island Life Or the Phenomena and Causes of Insular Faunas and Floras Claims have been made of the discovery of evidences of man in Europe long before the glacial epoch, reaching as far back as the Pliocene and even the Miocene Age. Man And His Ancestor A Study In Evolution Where this intervening band is not covered by recent gravel deposits, it exhibits beds of limestone, clays and sandstone with fossils, which, in age, range from the Lower Eocene to the Miocene. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 3, Part 1, Slice 2 "Baconthorpe" to "Bankruptcy" No volcanic eruptions have occurred there since the end of the Miocene epoch, and there are no active volcanoes between Chiriqui and Tolima, a distance of about four hundred miles. The American Type of Isthmian Canal Speech by Hon. John Fairfield Dryden in the Senate of the United States, June 14, 1906 It is true that we know nothing like it in the Pliocene and Miocene of the Mediterranean region which could have been its immediate ancestor. More Science From an Easy Chair On the whole, there seems to be less difference between the floras of Arctic and temperate latitudes in Upper Cretaceous than in Miocene times. Island Life Or the Phenomena and Causes of Insular Faunas and Floras Still more remote are some seemingly chipped flints and bones cut in a way that suggests human action, which have been found in deposits of the very far-distant Miocene Age. Man And His Ancestor A Study In Evolution Then, in the middle Miocene, the first antelopes appeared with tiny horns, which progressively increased in size among the ever-multiplying species of antelopes until the present day. Darwin, and After Darwin (Vol. 1 and 3, of 3) An Exposition of the Darwinian Theory and a Discussion of Post-Darwinian Questions He may even have lived in the Miocene or Eocene period, when not a single mammal was identical in form with any existing species. Contributions to the Theory of Natural Selection A Series of Essays If the remains of this strange little creature had turned up in more ancient strata—in Pliocene or Miocene—it would have not been quite so astonishing. More Science From an Easy Chair Thus may be explained the presence of enormous ice-borne rocks in Eocene and Miocene times in Central Europe, while at the very same period all the surrounding country enjoyed a tropical or sub-tropical climate. Island Life Or the Phenomena and Causes of Insular Faunas and Floras This separation becomes distinctly evident in the middle tertiary formations, the Miocene, and much more distinctly in the higher tertiary formations, the Pliocene. The Theories of Darwin and Their Relation to Philosophy, Religion, and Morality There is geological evidence that the origin of the group dates back at least as far as Miocene times. Darwin, and After Darwin (Vol. 1 and 3, of 3) An Exposition of the Darwinian Theory and a Discussion of Post-Darwinian Questions Thus existing fresh-water fishes point to an immediate connexion between Africa and India, harmonizing with what we learn from Miocene mammalian remains. On the Genesis of Species The Miocene was the mammalian Golden Age and there were crowning examples of what Osborn calls "adaptive radiation." The Outline of Science, Vol. 1 (of 4) A Plain Story Simply Told The Miocene flora of temperate Europe was very like that of Eastern Asia, Japan, and the warmer part of Eastern North America of the present day. Island Life Or the Phenomena and Causes of Insular Faunas and Floras Along the southern part of the Arakan coast the sea spreads over the western Miocene zone. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 4, Part 4 "Bulgaria" to "Calgary" These forests served to harbour countless forms of life, which extended at least from the Miocene age, and which, having found there an ocean refuge, survived as the last remnants of a remote geological epoch. Darwin, and After Darwin (Vol. 1 and 3, of 3) An Exposition of the Darwinian Theory and a Discussion of Post-Darwinian Questions The mineral veins of Hungary and Transylvania, with their rich deposits of gold and silver, cannot be of older date than the Miocene, while some of them are certainly more recent than the Pliocene. Round About the Carpathians When this sifting out of a generalised humanoid stock took place remains very uncertain, some authorities referring it to the Miocene, others to the early Pliocene. The Outline of Science, Vol. 1 (of 4) A Plain Story Simply Told Their remotest known ancestors appear in Western Europe in the early portion of the Eocene period; in the latter Eocene and the Miocene other forms occur both in Europe and North America. Island Life Or the Phenomena and Causes of Insular Faunas and Floras Intrusions of a serpentine-like rock break through the Miocene strata north of Bhamo, and similar intrusions occur in the western ranges. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 4, Part 4 "Bulgaria" to "Calgary" An older Miocene form, called Mesohippus, has three toes in front, with a large splint-like rudiment representing the little finger; and three toes behind. Thomas Henry Huxley; A Sketch Of His Life And Work Madeira and the Canaries were islands in the Upper Miocene ocean, and may therefore well have peculiar endemic types of very old date, and destroyed elsewhere. Alfred Russel Wallace: Letters and Reminiscences, Vol. 2 Thus Eocene indicates the dawn of recent species, Pliocene their increase, while Miocene, the intermediate term, means less recent. Young Folks' Library, Volume XI (of 20) Wonders of Earth, Sea and Sky Equally remarkable are the various discoveries of mammalian fossils in North America, especially in the old lake bottoms now forming what are called the "bad lands" of Dakota and Nebraska, belonging to the Miocene period. Darwinism (1889) The petroleum of Burma occurs in the Miocene beds, one of the best-known fields being that of Yenangyaung. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 4, Part 4 "Bulgaria" to "Calgary" In Britain, the Miocene rocks are very poorly developed, one of their leading developments being at Bovey Tracy in Devonshire, where there occur sands, clays, and beds of lignite Page 306 or imperfect coal. The Ancient Life History of the Earth A Comprehensive Outline of the Principles and Leading Facts of Palæontological Science The great, the grand, and long-expected, the prophesied discovery has at last been made—Miocene or Old Pliocene Man in India!!! Alfred Russel Wallace: Letters and Reminiscences, Vol. 2 Anchitherium—Eocene and Lower Miocene; three toes, but 2 and 4 are diminutive. Creation and Its Records We seem hardly, therefore, to have reached, in the Upper Miocene, the epoch of the common ancestor of man and the anthropoids. Darwinism (1889) The Miocene beds are also marine and are characterized by an abundant molluscan fauna. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 4, Part 4 "Bulgaria" to "Calgary" These Bovey Tracy lignites are of Lower Miocene age, and they are lacustrine in origin. The Ancient Life History of the Earth A Comprehensive Outline of the Principles and Leading Facts of Palæontological Science The Pigs are traceable back through the Miocene epoch to the Upper Eocene, where they appear in the two well-marked forms of Hyopotamus and Chaeropotamus; but Hyopotamus appears to have had only two toes. Critiques and Addresses Hipparion—Upper Miocene and Pliocene; still three toes, but 3 more like the modern horse and 2 and 4 still further diminished. Creation and Its Records During Miocene and Pliocene times tapirs abounded over the whole of Europe and Asia, their remains having been found in the tertiary deposits of France, India, Burmah, and China. Darwinism (1889) Fossils of giant penguins of Eocene and Miocene ages show that there has been extremely little development since. Scott's Last Expedition Volume I The well-known Brown Coals of Radaboj, in Croatia, with numerous plants and insects, are also of Lower Miocene age. The Ancient Life History of the Earth A Comprehensive Outline of the Principles and Leading Facts of Palæontological Science The only type present in the Miocene, but absent in the existing, fauna of Eastern Arctogaea, is that of the Didelphidae, which, however, remains in North America. Critiques and Addresses Each locality furnishes us with extraordinarily rich materials, enabling us to picture the life of Miocene times. Popular Science Monthly Oct, Nov, Dec, 1915 — Volume 86 Passing on to the Tertiary period the numbers increase, till they reach their maximum in the Miocene, where more than 2000 species of dicotyledons have been discovered. Darwinism (1889) The Tuscan alabaster occurs in nodular masses, embedded in limestone, interstratified with marls of Miocene and Pliocene age. The Project Gutenberg Encyclopedia Volume 1 of 28 In Germany, deposits belonging to both the Lower and Upper division of the Miocene formation are extensively developed. The Ancient Life History of the Earth A Comprehensive Outline of the Principles and Leading Facts of Palæontological Science Again, all the great groups of the Ruminants, the Bovidae, Antilopidae, Camelopardalidae, and Cervidae, are represented in the Miocene epoch, and so are the Camels. Critiques and Addresses The oak family can be traced back to the Miocene period, and consequently enjoys quite as high an antiquity as the sequoias. Life: Its True Genesis Following this in the Lower Miocene we have the Aceratherium, like the last in its feet, but still more decidedly a rhinoceros in its general structure. Darwinism (1889) In the earlier Miocene, several kinds, some of large size, lived in France, Germany, and Greece, all more or less closely allied to living forms of Asia and Africa. Scientific American Supplement, No. 344, August 5, 1882 In Italy, also, strata of both Lower and Upper Miocene age are well developed in the neighbourhood of Turin. The Ancient Life History of the Earth A Comprehensive Outline of the Principles and Leading Facts of Palæontological Science This inference is drawn from the fact that the predominant fauna of America in the Middle and Upper Miocene Age and in the Pliocene was closely analogous to the still extant fauna of Africa. American Big Game in Its Haunts The Pigs are traceable back through the Miocene epoch to the Upper Eocene, where they appear in the two well-marked forms of Hyopopotamus and Choeropotamus; but Hyopotamus appears to have had only two toes. Discourses Biological and Geological Essays In America a number of large hornless rhinoceroses were developed—they are found in the Upper Miocene, Pliocene, and Post-Pliocene formations—and then became extinct. Darwinism (1889) We find many fossil remains of them in the older Tertiary deposits of Europe and North America, in the Eocene and Miocene. The Evolution of Man — Volume 2 Lastly, Miocene deposits are found in North America, in New Jersey, Maryland, Virginia, Missouri, California, Oregon, &c., attaining a thickness of 1500 feet or more. The Ancient Life History of the Earth A Comprehensive Outline of the Principles and Leading Facts of Palæontological Science The only truly African animal which reached America, and which flourished here in an extraordinary manner, was the elephant, or rather the mastodon, if we speak of the elephant in its Miocene stage of evolution. American Big Game in Its Haunts The only type present in the Miocene, but absent in the existing, fauna of Eastern Arctogaea, is that of the Didelphidoe, which, however, remains in North America. Discourses Biological and Geological Essays They occur in all succeeding formations, being abundant in the Oolite, and excessively so in the Miocene, from which 250 species have been described. Darwinism (1889) They lived during the Tertiary period, and are found fossilised in the Miocene. The Evolution of Man — Volume 2 They are of lacustrine origin, and are believed to be of the age of the Lower Miocene. The Ancient Life History of the Earth A Comprehensive Outline of the Principles and Leading Facts of Palæontological Science True cats of the genus Felis were in existence before the close of the Miocene, and yet earlier related forms are known. American Big Game in Its Haunts I called the first or oldest of them Eocene, the second Miocene, and the third Pliocene. The Antiquity of Man All the known species of this genus are larger than those of Mesohippus, and none of them pass above the Miocene formation. Darwinism (1889) It is subdivided into four sections—the Eocene, Oligocene, Miocene, and Pliocene. The Evolution of Man — Volume 2 Upon the whole, about from 15 to 30 per cent of the Mollusca of the American Miocene are identical with existing species. The Ancient Life History of the Earth A Comprehensive Outline of the Principles and Leading Facts of Palæontological Science Duncan, Professor, on the submergence of Isthmus of Darien in Miocene times. The Naturalist in Nicaragua The argillaceous and lignite-bearing strata, more than 100 feet in thickness, rest unconformably on highly inclined and sometimes vertical Miocene molasse. The Antiquity of Man Near the base of the Miocene, we find a third closely allied genus, Mesohippus, which is about as large as a sheep, and one stage nearer the horse. Darwinism (1889) This flora is remarkable for its resemblance to the European Miocene flora. Louis Agassiz: His Life and Correspondence In addition to the regions previously enumerated, Miocene strata are known to be developed in Greenland, Iceland, Spitzbergen, and in other areas of less importance. The Ancient Life History of the Earth A Comprehensive Outline of the Principles and Leading Facts of Palæontological Science Certain species of sharks of medium size in the lower Eocene continue to increase till they attain the astounding dimensions in the Miocene and Pliocene of over one hundred feet long. Time and Change By this course they may have made their way, at any epoch, Miocene, Pliocene, or Pleistocene, antecedently to the glacial epoch, to Mongolia, on the east coast of northern Asia. The Antiquity of Man In the Upper Miocene Mesohippus is not found, but in its place a fourth form, Miohippus, continues the line. Darwinism (1889) In like manner the Upper Miocene has no representative in England, but in France, Germany, and Switzerland it constitutes a most instructive link between the living creation and the middle of the great Tertiary period. The Harvard Classics Volume 38 Scientific Papers (Physiology, Medicine, Surgery, Geology) The life of the Miocene period is extremely abundant, and, from the nature of the deposits of this age, also extremely varied in its character. The Ancient Life History of the Earth A Comprehensive Outline of the Principles and Leading Facts of Palæontological Science Many forms allied to the horse appeared in Europe and Asia in Miocene times. Time and Change In the year 1830 I announced, on the authority of M. Deshayes, that about one-fifth of the mollusca of the Falunian or Upper Miocene strata of Europe, belonged to living species. The Antiquity of Man The nearest affinity, and that a very close one, of the European E. meridionalis is with the Miocene E. planifrons of India; and of E. primigenius, with the existing India species. Darwiniana; Essays and Reviews Pertaining to Darwinism Was the Miocene period on the whole a better age of the world than that in which we live? Ragnarok : the Age of Fire and Gravel The plants of the Miocene period are extraordinarily numerous, and only some of the general features of the vegetation of this epoch can be indicated here. The Ancient Life History of the Earth A Comprehensive Outline of the Principles and Leading Facts of Palæontological Science The first appearance of the primates is in Eocene times and the anthropoid apes in the Miocene, probably five millions of years ago. Time and Change This European Miocene flora was remarkable for the preponderance of arborescent and shrubby evergreens, and comprised many generic types no longer associated together in any existing flora or geographical province. The Antiquity of Man In places the lavas rest on extensive lake deposits, one thousand feet deep, and Miocene in age as their fossils prove. The Elements of Geology In the conglomerates of Turin, belonging to the Upper Miocene period, not a single organic remain has been found. Ragnarok : the Age of Fire and Gravel Our chief sources of information as to the Miocene plants are the Brown Coals of Germany and Austria, the Lower and Upper Molasse of Switzerland, and the Miocene strata of the Arctic regions. The Ancient Life History of the Earth A Comprehensive Outline of the Principles and Leading Facts of Palæontological Science An examination of the fossil beds of Switzerland of the Miocene Age reveals the remains of more than eight hundred different species of flower-bearing plants, besides mosses, ferns, etc. Atlantis : the antediluvian world It intervenes between the base of the high cliff formed of the tuffs with Miocene shells and the sea-shore. The Student's Elements of Geology In the Sierra Nevadas the Miocene river gravels of the valleys of the western slope, with their placer deposits of gold, were buried beneath streams of lava and beds of tuff. The Elements of Geology At Solutre have been found belemnites, ammonites, and Miocene shells, which were certainly never native to that district, with pieces of rock-crystal from the Alps, and beads made of a jadeite of unknown origin. Manners and Monuments of Prehistoric Peoples Lower Miocene of Switzerland and France. along with numerous Conifers. The Ancient Life History of the Earth A Comprehensive Outline of the Principles and Leading Facts of Palæontological Science The roots of the institutions of to-day reach back to the Miocene Age. Atlantis : the antediluvian world Miocene of Bordeaux and south of France. — and Eocene, line between the. The Student's Elements of Geology Crandall volcano was reared in the Miocene and the latest eruptions of the Park are far more recent. The Elements of Geology According to all procurable data, that spot at the era of man's appearance upon the stage was in the now lost 'Miocene continent,' which then surrounded the Arctic Pole. The Smoky God, or, a voyage to the inner world It is impossible to state with certainty how many of the Miocene plants belong to existing species, but it appears that the larger number are extinct. The Ancient Life History of the Earth A Comprehensive Outline of the Principles and Leading Facts of Palæontological Science Between the Miocene and the Pleistocene periods geographical changes occurred which rendered a true Glacial period possible with high excentricity. More Letters of Charles Darwin — Volume 2 In the Canaries, especially in the Grand Canary, the same marine Upper Miocene formation is found. The Student's Elements of Geology Strips of coastal plain were added to the land, and as early as the close of the Miocene the shore lines of the Atlantic and Gulf states had reached well-nigh their present place. The Elements of Geology I confess I cannot appreciate his reasoning about his Miocene continent, but I daresay it is from want of knowledge. More Letters of Charles Darwin — Volume 1 According to Heer, the American types of plants are most largely represented in the Miocene flora, next those of Europe and Asia, next those of Africa, and lastly those of Australia. The Ancient Life History of the Earth A Comprehensive Outline of the Principles and Leading Facts of Palæontological Science In the earlier Miocene, and perhaps the later Eocene deposits of some parts of Europe, another extinct animal has been discovered, which Cuvier, who first described some fragments of it, considered to be a Palaeotherim. Lectures on Evolution American character of Lower Miocene flora. — forms in Swiss Miocene flora. The Student's Elements of Geology The ruminants evolved in the Old World, and it was not until the later Miocene that the ancestors of the antelope and of some deer found their way to North America. The Elements of Geology Multiply this by the older Pliocene and Miocene epochs. More Letters of Charles Darwin — Volume 1 As regards Greenland, Dr Heer has determined that the Miocene plants indicate a temperate climate in that country, with a mean annual temperature at least 30° warmer than it is at present. The Ancient Life History of the Earth A Comprehensive Outline of the Principles and Leading Facts of Palæontological Science The Mesozoic era has three periods, the Triassic, Jurassic and Cretaceous, while the Cenozoic era names five periods,—the Eocene, Oligocene, Miocene, Pliocene and Pleistocene. The Grand Canyon of Arizona; how to see it Climate of the Crags. — of the Coal. — of the Miocene in the Arctic regions. — of the Post-pliocene period. The Student's Elements of Geology In the late Miocene some of the ancestral forms migrated to the Old World by way of a land connection where Bering Strait now is, and there gave rise to the camels and dromedaries. The Elements of Geology If this land existed, it did not extend to America, for the fossils of the Miocene of America are representative and not identical. More Letters of Charles Darwin — Volume 1 In Miocene times, however, the Limes, Cypresses, and Plane-trees reach the 79th degree of latitude, and the Pines and Poplars must have ranged even further north than this. The Ancient Life History of the Earth A Comprehensive Outline of the Principles and Leading Facts of Palæontological Science The argument of littoral Miocene shells at the Canary Islands is new to me. Life and Letters of Charles Darwin — Volume 2 Unger on American forms in Swiss Miocene flora. — on Miocene plants of Croatia. The Student's Elements of Geology In the Miocene the evolution of the two-toed artiodactyl foot was well-nigh completed. The Elements of Geology Falconer's discoveries of Miocene mammalian remains in the Sewalik Hills, were, at the time, perhaps the greatest "finds" which had been made. Life and Letters of Charles Darwin — Volume 1 The Invertebrate Animals of the Miocene period are very numerous, but they belong for the most part to existing types, and they can only receive scanty consideration here. The Ancient Life History of the Earth A Comprehensive Outline of the Principles and Leading Facts of Palæontological Science The Pecora successively ramified into the deer, antelopes, sheep, goats and oxen, and did not reach North America till the Miocene, when they were already far advanced in specialisation. Darwin and Modern Science A large portion of the volcanic rocks of the Lower Rhine and the Eifel are coeval with the Lower Miocene deposits to which most of the "Brown-Coal" of Germany belongs. The Student's Elements of Geology In Europe true monkeys were introduced in the Miocene, and were abundant until the close of the Tertiary, when they were driven from the continent by the increasing cold. The Elements of Geology It attained its condition of maximum activity during the distant period of the Miocene, and now appears to be passing into a state of gradual extinction. The San Francisco calamity by earthquake and fire The Mollusca of the Miocene period are very numerous, but call for little special comment. The Ancient Life History of the Earth A Comprehensive Outline of the Principles and Leading Facts of Palæontological Science He stated, for instance, "that a Miocene Atlantis sufficiently explains the common distribution of animals and plants in Europe and America up to the glacial epoch." Darwin and Modern Science To these conglomerates succeed argillaceous and calcareous marls and limestones, containing Lower Miocene shells and bones of mammalia, the higher beds of which sometimes alternate with volcanic tuff of contemporaneous origin. The Student's Elements of Geology In the Miocene the stature of the ancestors of the horse increased to that of a pony. The Elements of Geology When we find that the surviving reptiles retreat southward, only lingering in Europe during the renewed warmth of the Eocene and Miocene periods, this interpretation is sufficiently confirmed. The Story of Evolution The Fishes of the Miocene Period are very abundant but of little special importance. The Ancient Life History of the Earth A Comprehensive Outline of the Principles and Leading Facts of Palæontological Science For getting to the Antilles and into Mexico it would have to wait until the Miocene, but long before that time it could arrive in Africa, there surviving as a Congolese and a Cape species. Darwin and Modern Science The sixty-two Miocene species which I collected in the Grand Canary were referred by the late Dr. S.P. The Student's Elements of Geology In the Miocene a noticeable offshoot of the line was a gigantic piglike brute, a root eater, with a skull a yard in length, whose remains are now found in Colorado and South Dakota. The Elements of Geology The Tertiary Era is divided by geologists into four periods: the Eocene, Oligocene, Miocene, and Pliocene. The Story of Evolution Of the Birds of the Miocene period it is sufficient to remark that though specifically distinct, they belong, so far as known, wholly to existing groups, and therefore present no points of special palæontological interest. The Ancient Life History of the Earth A Comprehensive Outline of the Principles and Leading Facts of Palæontological Science The upper Miocene genera, Protohippus and Hipparion are, to all intents and purposes, modern in character, but their smaller size, tridactyl feet and somewhat shorter-crowned teeth are reminiscences of their ancestry. Darwin and Modern Science The extinct volcanoes of Auvergne and Cantal, in central France, seem to have commenced their eruptions in the Lower Miocene period, but to have been most active during the Upper Miocene and Pliocene eras. The Student's Elements of Geology The Mesopithecus of the Upper Miocene of Greece is also one of the lower Monkeys, Fig. The Ancient Life History of the Earth A Comprehensive Outline of the Principles and Leading Facts of Palæontological Science With the Miocene period the land resumes its rise. The Story of Evolution The Mammals of the Miocene are very numerous, and only Page 314 Fig. The Ancient Life History of the Earth A Comprehensive Outline of the Principles and Leading Facts of Palæontological Science Representatives of this sub-family continue through the Oligocene and Miocene of North America, becoming rare and localised in the Pliocene and then disappearing altogether. Darwin and Modern Science The middle tertiary of the Loire and Gironde had, according to the specific determinations of the same conchologist, 17 per cent, and formed the Miocene division. The Student's Elements of Geology Upper Miocene, France. as it is most closely allied to the existing Macaques. The Ancient Life History of the Earth A Comprehensive Outline of the Principles and Leading Facts of Palæontological Science We find a number of strange patriarchal beasts entering the scene in the early Eocene, and spreading into a great variety of forms in the genial conditions of the Oligocene and Miocene. The Story of Evolution The well-known genus Titanotherium of the American Miocene would also appear to belong to this group. The Ancient Life History of the Earth A Comprehensive Outline of the Principles and Leading Facts of Palæontological Science Interesting side-branches of this line have also been found, one of which ended in the upper Miocene in animals which had almost the proportions of the giraffes and must have resembled them in appearance. Darwin and Modern Science This assemblage of plants indicates a warm climate, but not so subtropical an one as that of the Upper Miocene period, which will presently be considered. The Student's Elements of Geology In the Miocene period, there is evidence to show that Europe possessed a climate very similar to that now enjoyed by the Southern United States, and certainly very much warmer than it is at present. The Ancient Life History of the Earth A Comprehensive Outline of the Principles and Leading Facts of Palæontological Science In the Miocene period there is a great development of the horse-like mammals. The Story of Evolution Part of these is of Miocene age, part is Older Pliocene, and a portion is Newer Pliocene. The Ancient Life History of the Earth A Comprehensive Outline of the Principles and Leading Facts of Palæontological Science Passing on to the Pliocene Proboscideans, we find that the great Deinotheria of the Miocene have now wholly disappeared, and the sole representatives of the order are Mastodons and Elephants. The Ancient Life History of the Earth A Comprehensive Outline of the Principles and Leading Facts of Palæontological Science I shall now call these falunian deposits Upper Miocene, to distinguish them from others to which the name of Lower Miocene will be given. The Student's Elements of Geology A name used by many Continental geologists as synonymous with the Lower Miocene. The Ancient Life History of the Earth A Comprehensive Outline of the Principles and Leading Facts of Palæontological Science The family became most extensive in the Miocene, and we must regard the casual fossil specimens we have discovered as illustrations of the various phases in the development of the horse from the primitive Ungulate. The Story of Evolution Whilst the Molluscs thus become rapidly modernised, the Mammals still all belong to extinct species, though modern generic types gradually supersede the more antiquated forms of the Miocene. The Ancient Life History of the Earth A Comprehensive Outline of the Principles and Leading Facts of Palæontological Science Professor Beyrich confines the term "Miocene" to those strata which agree in age with the faluns of Touraine, and he has proposed the term "Oligocene" for those older formations called Lower Miocene in this work. The Student's Elements of Geology A great extent of country between the Pyrenees and the Gironde is overspread by tertiary deposits of various ages, and chiefly of Miocene date. The Student's Elements of Geology The entire list of Swiss species from the Upper and Lower Miocene together amount to 1322. The Student's Elements of Geology These "giant-pigs," as they have been called, with two toes on each foot, flourished vigorously for a time in Europe and America, but were extinguished in the Miocene, when the true pigs made their appearance. The Story of Evolution Taken as a whole, the Eocene flora of North America is nearly related to that of the Miocene strata of Europe, as well as to that now existing in the American area. The Ancient Life History of the Earth A Comprehensive Outline of the Principles and Leading Facts of Palæontological Science We are indebted to Signor Michelotti for a valuable work on the Miocene shells of Northern Italy. The Student's Elements of Geology The Swiss Lower Miocene may best be studied on the northern borders of the Lake of Geneva, between Lausanne and Vevay, where the contiguous villages of Monod and Rivaz are situated. The Student's Elements of Geology Such a proportion of living to extinct mollusca agrees well with the usual character of an Upper Miocene or Falunian fauna, as observed in Touraine, or in the basin of Vienna and elsewhere. The Student's Elements of Geology Up to the beginning of the Miocene, Africa was, as we saw, cut off from Europe and Asia by the sea which stretched from Spain to India. The Story of Evolution In France, the Lower Miocene is represented in Auvergne, Cantal, and Velay, by a great thickness of nearly horizontal strata of sands, sandstone, clays, marls, and limestones, the whole of fresh-water origin. The Ancient Life History of the Earth A Comprehensive Outline of the Principles and Leading Facts of Palæontological Science We have already stated that the Upper Miocene formation is nowhere represented in the British Isles; but strata referable to the Lower Miocene period are found both in England, Scotland, and Ireland. The Student's Elements of Geology Such a mode of superposition implies an interval of time between the origin of the fresh-water limestone and its submergence beneath the waters of the Upper Miocene sea. The Student's Elements of Geology They also comprise more species common to the antecedent Miocene period. The Student's Elements of Geology In the Miocene we find the various groups diverging still further from each other and from the extinct stocks. The Story of Evolution In the valley of the Loire occur the typical European deposits of Upper Miocene age. The Ancient Life History of the Earth A Comprehensive Outline of the Principles and Leading Facts of Palæontological Science A large number of the shells are common to the faluns of Touraine, the Vienna basin, and other Upper Miocene localities. The Student's Elements of Geology That gypsum has been selected by almost all Continental geologists as affording the best line of demarkation between the Middle and Lower Tertiary, or, in other words, between the Lower Miocene and Eocene formations. The Student's Elements of Geology Not a few of the other mammalia of the Limagne belong undoubtedly to genera and species elsewhere proper to the Lower Miocene. The Student's Elements of Geology The femurs appear in the Eocene; the monkeys, and afterwards the apes, in the Miocene, the first semi-human forms in the Pleistocene, though they must have been developed before this. The Story of Evolution In Austria, Miocene strata are largely developed, marine beds belonging to both the Lower and Upper division of the formation occurring extensively in the Vienna basin. The Ancient Life History of the Earth A Comprehensive Outline of the Principles and Leading Facts of Palæontological Science These beds are about 120 feet thick, and, as stated in Chapter 15, lie immediately under the Hempstead beds, near Yarmouth, in the Isle of Wight, being conformable with those Lower Miocene strata. The Student's Elements of Geology There are, indeed, no less than 81 species of these Older Miocene plants which pass up into the flora of Oeningen. The Student's Elements of Geology Nummulites intermedia, a Middle Eocene form, ascends into the Lower Miocene, but it seems doubtful whether any species descends to the level of the London clay, still less to the Argile plastique or Woolwich beds. The Student's Elements of Geology In the Miocene period we find a great expansion of the monkeys. The Story of Evolution The remains of Reptiles are far from uncommon in the Miocene rocks, consisting principally of Chelonians and Crocodilians. The Ancient Life History of the Earth A Comprehensive Outline of the Principles and Leading Facts of Palæontological Science Beneath the Gres de Fontainebleau, belonging to the Lower Miocene period, as before stated, we find, in the neighbourhood of Paris, a series of white and green marls, with subordinate beds of gypsum. The Student's Elements of Geology In these beds a great number of the Lower Miocene plants of Switzerland have been discovered. The Student's Elements of Geology The two others are fresh-water, the upper of which may be also grouped with the faluns, while the lower must be referred to the Lower Miocene, as defined in the next chapter. The Student's Elements of Geology A third wave, also spreading in the Miocene, equally obscure in its connection with the preceding, introduces the man-like apes to the geologist. The Story of Evolution The aquatic Sirenians and Cetaceans are represented in Miocene times by various forms of no special importance. The Ancient Life History of the Earth A Comprehensive Outline of the Principles and Leading Facts of Palæontological Science This fact is important as bearing on the propriety of classing the Lower Molasse of Switzerland as belonging to the Miocene rather than to the latter part of the Eocene period. The Student's Elements of Geology The new species, also of Bovey, are allied to plants of the older Miocene deposits of Switzerland, Germany, and other Continental countries. The Student's Elements of Geology On the whole, the vegetation of Bovey implies the existence of a sub-tropical climate in Devonshire, in the Lower Miocene period. The Student's Elements of Geology Continental authorities even refer some of them to the Miocene and the last part of the Oligocene. The Story of Evolution Nearly allied to this family, also, is the singular group of quadrupeds which Marsh has described from the Miocene strata of the United States under the name of Brontotheridœ. The Ancient Life History of the Earth A Comprehensive Outline of the Principles and Leading Facts of Palæontological Science In the hills of which the Superga forms a part there is a great series of Tertiary strata which pass downward into the Lower Miocene. The Student's Elements of Geology The faluns of the Loire first served, as already stated, as the type of the Miocene formations in Europe. The Student's Elements of Geology I shall now proceed to treat of the third division, which is of Lower Miocene age. The Student's Elements of Geology On the one hand, the anthropoid apes were highly developed by the Miocene period, and it would be almost incredible that the future human stock should linger hundreds of thousands of years behind them. The Story of Evolution The Upper Miocene of India has yielded examples of the Camels. The Ancient Life History of the Earth A Comprehensive Outline of the Principles and Leading Facts of Palæontological Science In all, Professor Heer enumerates forty-nine species of plants, twenty of which are common to the Miocene beds of the Continent, a majority of them being characteristic of the Lower Miocene. The Student's Elements of Geology On the whole, the Nebraska formation is probably newer than the Paris gypsum, and referable to the Lower Miocene period, as above defined. The Student's Elements of Geology But from the early Miocene to the Pleistocene is a stretch of about a million years on the very lowest estimate. The Story of Evolution The far more important question is: How did this one particular group of anthropoid animals of the Miocene come to surpass all its cousins, and all the rest of the mammals, in brain-development? The Story of Evolution Thus the Palœoreas of the Upper Miocene of Greece may be regarded as a genuine Antelope; but the Tragoceras of the same deposit is intermediate in Fig. The Ancient Life History of the Earth A Comprehensive Outline of the Principles and Leading Facts of Palæontological Science We may assume that the precursor of man had arrived at the anthropoid-ape level by the middle of the Miocene period. The Story of Evolution The Miocene formations of Switzerland have been called MOLASSE, a term derived from the French MOL, and applied to a SOFT, incoherent, greenish sandstone, occupying the country between the Alps and the Jura. The Student's Elements of Geology |
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