| 单词 | midbrain |
| 例句 | That's where the cognitive part of your brain, the manager who can offer all of those explanations, is totally disconnected from the midbrain part of you that's just hijacked and scared. No, sex shouldn't always be spontaneous. Salon's "Sex Toast" host Ian Kerner explains why 2019-02-14T05:00:00Z These motor symptoms are due to the progressive loss of dopaminergic neurons in the midbrain. Newly discovered trigger of Parkinson's upends common beliefs 2023-09-15T04:00:00Z To find the specific neuronal structures associated with play, Gloveli and her colleagues decided to focus on the midbrain. Scientists Tickle Rats and Discover Brain's ‘Play Spot’ 2023-07-28T04:00:00Z The optic lobes, located in the midbrain, are divided into two parts in mammals, whereas other vertebrates possess a single, undivided lobe. Fundamentals of Biology 2015-01-01T00:00:00Z Animal studies have shown that TCE acts in an area of the midbrain responsible for movement control. Widely used chemical strongly linked to Parkinson’s disease 2023-05-15T04:00:00Z Other studies show that vitamin D shepherds certain neurons in the midbrain—those that use the neurotransmitter dopamine and are abnormal in schizophrenia—to their correct brain locales during development. Vitamin D Supplements Probably Won’t Prevent Mental Illness After All 2023-03-13T04:00:00Z It consists of the midbrain, medulla oblongata, and the pons. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z The midbrain is an established region of the brain at the primary vesicle stage of development and remains that way. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z And some animal studies suggest acute fasting can increase the release of dopamine in the midbrain. Why fasting can make you feel "high" 2022-03-13T05:00:00Z This brain circuit, the mesolimbic dopamine system, begins in the ventral tegmental area, a cluster of neurons located in the midbrain that produce and release the transmitter dopamine. How catfishers exploit basic human neuroscience 2021-05-31T04:00:00Z When they then looked at pictures of people engaged in social activities, scans showed midbrain activation identical to that of people who looked at pictures of food after 10 hours of fasting. Combating an Epidemic of Loneliness 2020-12-18T05:00:00Z The afferent, bipolar neurons that convey auditory information travel from the cochlea to the medulla, through the pons and midbrain in the brainstem, finally reaching the primary auditory cortex in the temporal lobe. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z Dividing the brain into forebrain, midbrain, and hindbrain is useful in considering its developmental pattern, but the midbrain is a small proportion of the entire brain, relatively speaking. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z In nine of them, they also delivered NIR to the midbrain area through an implanted device. Trials begin for a new weapon against Parkinson’s: light 2020-09-17T04:00:00Z Qian et al. began their experiments in vitro, using astrocytes isolated from the cortex and midbrain of mouse brains, and from the human cortex. Method to combat Parkinson’s disease by astrocyte-to-neuron conversion 2020-06-23T04:00:00Z Critically, the researchers found similar midbrain activity in response to food cues after fasting and social cues after isolation. Forced Social Isolation Causes Neural Craving Similar to Hunger 2020-05-24T04:00:00Z Another important visual route is a pathway from the retina to the superior colliculus in the midbrain, where eye movements are coordinated and integrated with auditory information. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z The midbrain is small compared with the hindbrain and particularly the forebrain. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z Over the past few decades, many cell types have been put forward as candidates to replace dying neurons1, including cells derived from the midbrain of human fetuses. Parkinson’s disease grafts benefit from well-timed growth factor 2020-05-25T04:00:00Z Future experiments will need to examine whether human midbrain or striatal astrocytes can also be converted to iDAs, and whether the converted cell types and their targets are correct and stable over long periods. Method to combat Parkinson’s disease by astrocyte-to-neuron conversion 2020-06-23T04:00:00Z Future studies could compare dopamingeric responses in the midbrain to social cues following isolation with and without access to social media. Forced Social Isolation Causes Neural Craving Similar to Hunger 2020-05-24T04:00:00Z Visual information is sent to the superior colliculi in the midbrain, where coordination of eye movements and integration of auditory information takes place. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z The brain stem includes the midbrain, pons, and medulla, which correspond to the mesencephalon, metencephalon, and myelencephalon. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z Compared with healthy people, the brains of those at high risk of psychosis showed diminished activation of the striatum during encoding, and of the medial temporal lobe and midbrain during recall. Cannabis research round-up 2019-08-27T04:00:00Z They scheduled the scans for the week before the start of the preseason and focused in particular on each player’s midbrain. Football May Take a Toll on the Brain, Even Without Concussions 2019-08-14T04:00:00Z In 2016, Gillian Matthews and colleagues published a paper showing that after 24 hours of social isolation, dopamine neurons in the midbrain were activated when mice sought social interaction. Forced Social Isolation Causes Neural Craving Similar to Hunger 2020-05-24T04:00:00Z "These findings mean that noninvasive structural MRI of the midbrain is a succinct index of both clinically silent white matter injury as well as frank concussion," the authors write in the abstract. Routine football collisions could damage players' brains, researchers say 2019-08-13T04:00:00Z The SCP is the major output of the cerebellum, divided between the red nucleus in the midbrain and the thalamus, which will return cerebellar processing to the motor cortex. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z The researchers looked specifically at the midbrain, a region on the brain stem that governs primitive, thoughtless functions such as hearing and temperature regulation. Just one season of playing football—even without a concussion—can cause brain damage 2019-08-07T04:00:00Z If the midbrain shows tissue damage, it is likely that other portions of the brain also are being rattled and possibly harmed by impacts, he says. Football May Take a Toll on the Brain, Even Without Concussions 2019-08-14T04:00:00Z Another methodological limitation is the measurement of neural responses in the relevant dopaminergic midbrain regions. Forced Social Isolation Causes Neural Craving Similar to Hunger 2020-05-24T04:00:00Z According to Solms, these higher regions are not the bearers of consciousness but instead are “told” what to attend to by deeper structures in the brain stem and midbrain. The Brain's Autopilot Mechanism Steers Consciousness 2018-12-19T05:00:00Z There is also a connection of the optic tract to the midbrain, but the mesencephalon is adjacent to the diencephalon, so that is not difficult to imagine. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z The midbrain is like the “canary in the coal mine for the whole brain,” says study author Bradford Mahon, a neuroscientist at Carnegie Mellon University in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. Just one season of playing football—even without a concussion—can cause brain damage 2019-08-07T04:00:00Z The thickest part was packed tightly into the cervical spine, with tentacles snaking up into the midbrain and cerebellum, which regulates balance and motor coordination. Special Report: After a child's dire diagnosis, hope and... 2018-12-06T05:00:00Z To address this challenge, the researchers used an optimized imaging protocol and a newly available midbrain atlas to identify the relevant areas in the brain of each individual participant. Forced Social Isolation Causes Neural Craving Similar to Hunger 2020-05-24T04:00:00Z One set of axons projected to the periacqueductal gray in the midbrain, an area involved in motor behaviors. A Command Center in the Mammalian Brain Orchestrates Parenting Behaviors [Video] 2018-04-11T04:00:00Z There are connections between the cerebellum and both the medulla and midbrain, which are adjacent structures in the secondary vesicle stage of development. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z Reward and choice encoding in terminals of midbrain dopamine neurons depends on striatal target. Dopamine neuron activity before action initiation gates and invigorates future movements 2018-01-30T05:00:00Z FB, forebrain; FP, floor plate; H, heart; HB, hindbrain; L, lens; M, melanocytes; MB, midbrain; O, otic vesicle; SC, spinal cord. The seahorse genome and the evolution of its specialized morphology : Nature : Nature Research 2016-12-13T05:00:00Z A central aspect of the pathophysiology of Parkinson's disease is the progressive demise of midbrain dopamine neurons and their axonal projections, but the underlying causes of this loss are unclear. Defects in trafficking bridge Parkinson's disease pathology and genetics : Nature : Nature Research 2016-11-08T05:00:00Z Samples of the following areas were taken and analysed: frontal, temporal, parietal, occipital, posterior frontal cortex including motor strip, basal ganglia, thalamus, hippocampus, brain stem including midbrain, and cerebellar hemisphere and vermis. Evidence for human transmission of amyloid-[bgr] pathology and cerebral amyloid angiopathy : Nature : Nature Publishing Group 2015-09-08T04:00:00Z The third ventricle is the space between the left and right sides of the diencephalon, which opens into the cerebral aqueduct that passes through the midbrain. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z Parkinson's arises from degeneration of cells in the midbrain that feed dopamine to the basal ganglia, an area involved in the initiation and smoothness of movements. Music Can Heal the Brain 2015-02-12T05:00:00Z FB, forebrain; FP, floor plate; H, heart; HB, hindbrain; L, lens; M, melanocytes; MB, midbrain; O, otic vesicle; SC, spinal cord. The seahorse genome and the evolution of its specialized morphology : Nature : Nature Research 2016-12-13T05:00:00Z Dopamine is a neurotransmitter that is released by neurons in the midbrain in response to unexpected rewards. Cats, take notice: Brain study uses trivia to look at how curiosity works Surgical teams took immature fetal cells destined to become dopaminergic neurons from the midbrain of aborted fetuses and transplanted them into the striatum of patients’ brains, the area of greatest dopamine loss in Parkinson’s disease. Fetal-cell revival for Parkinson’s 2014-06-10T04:00:00Z The cerebral aqueduct opens just inferior to the epithalamus and passes through the midbrain. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z Strangely enough, death due to the neurodegenerative disorder, marked by loss of dopamine-producing neurons in the midbrain, occurred at least three times more often in nonsmokers than in smokers. Will a Nicotine Patch Make You Smarter? [Excerpt] 2014-02-09T14:00:00Z Characterized by muscle stiffness and tremors, Parkinson's is caused by the death of dopamine-producing neurons in a section of the midbrain. How the Brain Gets Addicted to Gambling 2013-11-05T13:15:03.103Z Neurons in the primary taste cortex send projections to areas associated with the brain’s primary reward-pathway located in the dopaminergic midbrain. Tricking Taste Buds but Not the Brain: Artificial Sweeteners Change Brain s Pleasure Response to Sweet 2013-09-05T18:45:00.580Z The lightning-quick spark that triggers desire when you see an attractive face is kindled within a deep brain region called the ventral midbrain, associated with processing reward. ScienceShot: Beer Goggles for Your Brain 2013-06-12T22:25:00Z The tectospinal tract projects from the midbrain to the spinal cord and is important for postural movements that are driven by the superior colliculus. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z Parkinson's involves the progressive degeneration of midbrain neurons that produce dopamine — a neurotransmitter involved in regulating the sleep–wake switch. Neurodegeneration: Amyloid awakenings 2013-05-22T17:21:59.370Z Most of these electrical discharges occurred in synchrony across the midbrain and hindbrain, but activity in the forebrain occurred independently of this. An activity map of the whole zebrafish brain 2013-03-18T23:38:43Z In addition to dopamine, the release of leptin, a hormone that regulates appetite and informs the brain when you are full, reduces activation of dopamine neurons in the midbrain, lowering the reward value of sugar. Tricking Taste Buds but Not the Brain: Artificial Sweeteners Change Brain s Pleasure Response to Sweet 2013-09-05T18:45:00.580Z Dr. Skolarus watched as the skull, then the top of the brain, and finally the midbrain appeared before her. Well Blog: Think Like a Doctor: Sleeping Wife Solved! 2012-02-03T17:06:33Z Conflicts between the motor commands sent by the cerebrum and body position information provided by the proprioceptors cause the cerebellum to stimulate the red nucleus of the midbrain. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z Thus the sleep disturbances associated with Parkinson's may be caused by the degeneration of dopaminergic midbrain neurons. Neurodegeneration: Amyloid awakenings 2013-05-22T17:21:59.370Z These regions include the amygdala, which is the fear center of the brain, and parts of the midbrain that control a range of functions, including our experience of pain. What happens in the brain when we experience a panic attack? 2011-07-03T13:45:00.243Z One researcher suggested that the fingernail on the blackboard bothers us because our primitive midbrain hears in it a primate’s warning cry. Books: All About the Invidious Irritants That Irk Individuals 2011-04-25T19:00:15Z The midbrain is represented chiefly by the optic lobes, the cortex of which alone is homologous with the corpora quadragemina of the mammals. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 3, Slice 7 "Bible" to "Bisectrix" 2010-12-20T17:12:05.780Z The superior colliculus and red nucleus in the midbrain, the vestibular nuclei in the medulla, and the reticular formation throughout the brain stem each have tracts projecting to the spinal cord in this system. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z As the tarantula appeared to move closer to the foot, a different fear system kicked in inside a primitive region of the midbrain associated with the fight-or-flight response. Tarantulas used to untangle how our brains react to fear 2010-11-24T06:30:00Z They found activity in an area of the midbrain called the periaqueductal gray, a region that provokes the body’s defensive responses, such as freezing or running. What happens in the brain when we experience a panic attack? 2011-07-03T13:45:00.243Z The brain loves Oxycontin — the way the drug lights up the limbic system, with cascading effects through the ventral striatum, midbrain, amygdala, orbitofrontal cortex and prefrontal cortex, leaving pure pleasure in its wake. The New Drug Crisis: Addiction by Prescription 2010-09-04T21:00:00Z Still another tiny, midbrain region seems to be the center of disappointment, which allows us to learn from mistakes. Medical: Keys to success may lie in certain brain structures 2010-08-02T19:07:00Z The cerebral aqueduct passes through the center of the midbrain, such that these regions are the roof and floor of that canal. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z There were the cerebral lobes, or largest part of the forebrain, enormously developed and overhanging the cerebellum, or great lobe of the hindbrain, and completely covering the lobes of the midbrain. Byways of Ghost-Land On account of the great size of the cerebrum, the midbrain is entirely concealed from view when the other parts occupy their normal positions. Physiology and Hygiene for Secondary Schools In summary, the primary vesicles help to establish the basic regions of the nervous system: forebrain, midbrain, and hindbrain. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z The midbrain coordinates sensory representations of the visual, auditory, and somatosensory perceptual spaces. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z The bridge-like white matter is only the anterior surface of the pons; the gray matter beneath that is a continuation of the tegmentum from the midbrain. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z Figure 13.12 The Brain Stem The brain stem comprises three regions: the midbrain, the pons, and the medulla. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z Such masses are found in the bulb, the pons, the midbrain, and the base of the cerebrum. Physiology and Hygiene for Secondary Schools Output goes to the midbrain, which sends a descending signal to the spinal cord. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z As the neural tube grows and differentiates, it enlarges into three vesicles that correspond to the forebrain, midbrain, and hindbrain regions of the adult brain. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z It can compare this with sensory feedback input through the medulla and send output through the midbrain that can correct motor commands for coordination. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z The brain stem is composed of the midbrain, pons, and medulla. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z In reflex action the impulses are mainly through the spinal cord, but to some extent through the bulb, pons, and midbrain. Physiology and Hygiene for Secondary Schools Other axons go to either the chief sensory nucleus in the pons or the mesencephalic nuclei in the midbrain. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z Auditory processing continues on to a nucleus in the midbrain called the inferior colliculus. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z As shown in this video, that establish the forebrain, midbrain, and hindbrain. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z The optic tract has three major targets, two in the diencephalon and one in the midbrain. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z On the front and under surface, the midbrain separates slightly as if to form two pillars, which are called the crura cerebri, or cerebral peduncles. Physiology and Hygiene for Secondary Schools The tract then passes through the midbrain as the cerebral peduncles, after which it burrows through the pons. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z The lateral rectus is controlled by neurons of the abducens nucleus in the superior medulla, whereas the medial rectus is controlled by neurons in the oculomotor nucleus of the midbrain. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z |
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