| 单词 | microglia |
| 例句 | The study focused on myelination and immune cells called microglia because both have essential roles in prefrontal cortex development -- and communication between cells in particular -- that are controlled in part by natural hormones. Hormonal contraceptives in teens may alter risk assessment, rat study suggests 2023-11-13T05:00:00Z They also looked at the fly equivalent of microglia, called ensheathing glia, whose primary function is to remove neural debris, such as degenerating axons. Obesity linked to neurodegeneration through insulin resistance 2023-11-07T05:00:00Z Instead, immune cells and microglia, a kind of macrophage, proliferate in the aging brain. New method tracks how brain cells age 2023-10-26T04:00:00Z CYFIP1 is highly expressed in microglia, the brain's own immune cells, but its function there is unknown. New clues to early development of schizophrenia 2023-10-24T04:00:00Z In prior research, the team demonstrated that they could induce microglia to develop into neurons in the brains of healthy mice. Converting brain immune cells into neurons helps mice recover after stroke 2023-10-18T04:00:00Z Myelination facilitates signal transfer between cells, and microglia play a critical role in sculpting brain circuits. Hormonal contraceptives in teens may alter risk assessment, rat study suggests 2023-11-13T05:00:00Z In this study, they reported that this occurred thanks to two mechanisms triggered by the fungus in brain cells called microglia. Fungal infection in the brain produces changes like those seen in Alzheimer's disease 2023-10-16T04:00:00Z For instance, in cells called microglia , which clear away dead or damaged cells, the presence of some genetic switches was strongly linked to risks of Alzheimer's disease. This Is The Largest Map of The Human Brain Ever Made 2023-10-13T04:00:00Z In one set of experiments, the researchers depleted cholesterol in different neural cell lines, such as microglia, astrocytes and neurons, and then treated the cells with rosuvastatin, a medication that suppresses cholesterol synthesis. Protein that could help defeat Alzheimer's and increase productive lifespan 2023-10-05T04:00:00Z Furthermore, the treatment was conducted in mice in the acute phase after stroke, when microglia were migrating to and replicating at the site of injury. Converting brain immune cells into neurons helps mice recover after stroke 2023-10-18T04:00:00Z In the new study, the researchers used RNA sequencing to classify microglia into 12 different states, based on hundreds of genes that are expressed at different levels during each state. Decoding the complexity of Alzheimer's disease 2023-09-28T04:00:00Z "Candidalysin-mediated activation of microglia is essential for clearance of Candida in the brain," Wu said. Fungal infection in the brain produces changes like those seen in Alzheimer's disease 2023-10-16T04:00:00Z Much of that work has focused on myeloid immune cells, most notably macrophages and their brain-resident versions known as microglia. Study shows how brain tumors make certain immune cells turn traitor 2023-09-28T04:00:00Z "With these microglia eating away too much too soon, it outpaces the ability for these spines to regrow and create new connections, so memories don't solidify or become stable." Saturated fat may interfere with creating memories in aged brain 2023-09-27T04:00:00Z Here, the researchers focused on microglia, the main immune cells in the central nervous system. Converting brain immune cells into neurons helps mice recover after stroke 2023-10-18T04:00:00Z They also showed that as Alzheimer's disease progresses, more microglia enter inflammatory states. Decoding the complexity of Alzheimer's disease 2023-09-28T04:00:00Z "Our study focuses squarely on the critical genomic regions that are important for regulating microglia cells. These variants and regions we've uncovered will serve as a great starting point for conducting further experiments in microglia." Researchers connect Alzheimer's-associated genetic variants with brain cell function 2023-09-22T04:00:00Z Both, the researchers show, are produced by neutrophils themselves as well as macrophages and microglia. Study shows how brain tumors make certain immune cells turn traitor 2023-09-28T04:00:00Z For this work, the researchers focused on microglia, cells in the brain that promote inflammation, and hippocampal neurons, which are important for learning and memory. Saturated fat may interfere with creating memories in aged brain 2023-09-27T04:00:00Z The very first clinical trials for the inflammation modulators in microglia are only just beginning. A Neurologist Answers Questions Patients Might Have about the New Alzheimer’s Drug Lecanemab 2023-01-27T05:00:00Z At the same time, fewer microglia in the Alzheimer's brain exist in a state that promotes homeostasis and helps the brain function normally. Decoding the complexity of Alzheimer's disease 2023-09-28T04:00:00Z One locus at a time, they studied the associated variants with a special consideration of epigenetic signatures and 3D genome interaction annotations indicating their likelihood of functioning in microglia. Researchers connect Alzheimer's-associated genetic variants with brain cell function 2023-09-22T04:00:00Z Recent evidence suggests that overactivity of brain immune cells called microglia, which devour unfamiliar pathogens and dead brain tissue, may accelerate brain degeneration. Advice | Ask a Doctor: Who will the new Alzheimer’s drug help? 2022-12-02T05:00:00Z Results showed the palmitic acid prompted gene expression changes linked to an increase in inflammation in both microglia and neurons, though microglia had a wider range of affected inflammatory genes. Saturated fat may interfere with creating memories in aged brain 2023-09-27T04:00:00Z There are around 100 genes that have been associated with Alzheimer’s, and many of them are present at their highest levels inside microglia. A Neurologist Answers Questions Patients Might Have about the New Alzheimer’s Drug Lecanemab 2023-01-27T05:00:00Z "We studied the effect of the virus on the brain's immune cells, 'microglia' which are the key cells involved in the progression of brain diseases like Parkinson's and Alzheimer's," Prof. Woodruff said in a statement. Like a "fire in the brain": COVID can cause brain inflammation that mimics Parkinson's symptoms 2022-11-02T04:00:00Z "We should be asking what the targeting gene or genes of these variants are affecting the microglia. Sometimes, one variant may affect the expression of multiple genes in the neighborhood." Researchers connect Alzheimer's-associated genetic variants with brain cell function 2023-09-22T04:00:00Z Through these cell-to-cell conversations, cells in the nervous system called microglia and astrocytes are revved up in ways that continue for months — maybe years. Perspective | How long covid reshapes the brain — and how we might treat it 2022-08-25T04:00:00Z Infectious diseases can lead to loss of function throughout the CNS as components of nervous tissue, specifically astrocytes and microglia, react to the disease. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z The first two ingredients, I would think, would be an antiamyloid drug like lecanemab and some anti-inflammatory molecule that targets microglia, the inflammatory cells of the brain. A Neurologist Answers Questions Patients Might Have about the New Alzheimer’s Drug Lecanemab 2023-01-27T05:00:00Z When his team grew human microglia in the lab and infected these cells with SARS-2, they showed signs of intense inflammation that is familiar to neuroscientists studying Parkinson's. Like a "fire in the brain": COVID can cause brain inflammation that mimics Parkinson's symptoms 2022-11-02T04:00:00Z More importantly, the responsible variant further negatively affected a cascade of downstream cellular processes, including the maturation of ADAM10 protein and soluble TREM2 shredding in microglia. Researchers connect Alzheimer's-associated genetic variants with brain cell function 2023-09-22T04:00:00Z In cancer patients undergoing treatment, a malfunction in those same cells, known as microglia, are believed to be a cause of the fuzzy thinking that many describe. How covid brain fog may overlap with ‘chemo brain’ and Alzheimer’s 2022-03-27T04:00:00Z Other cells in the nervous tissue, the neuroglia, include the astrocytes, microglia, oligodendrocytes, and Schwann cells. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z As amyloid begins to accumulate, that buildup triggers the activation of these microglia, the garbage cleanup cells in the brain. A Neurologist Answers Questions Patients Might Have about the New Alzheimer’s Drug Lecanemab 2023-01-27T05:00:00Z Infections may trigger the overactivation of immune cells called microglia in a way that appears similar to the process that can contribute to cognitive problems in aging and some neurodegenerative diseases. How long COVID exhausts the body 2022-02-19T05:00:00Z Since all three aforementioned genes are known to be risk genes for AD, the study successfully links an AD non-coding variant to functions in microglia beyond control of gene expression. Researchers connect Alzheimer's-associated genetic variants with brain cell function 2023-09-22T04:00:00Z In the mice and deceased patients, researchers found high levels of proteins that regulate immune responses, as well as changes in the microglia, the brain’s primary immune cells. How covid brain fog may overlap with ‘chemo brain’ and Alzheimer’s 2022-03-27T04:00:00Z When they arrive, they are often given distinct names, such as macrophage or microglia, depending on their function. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z Based on the article, my impression is that therapies aimed at microglia might ease symptoms but not be curative. Readers Respond to the August 2021 Issue 2021-12-19T05:00:00Z Other investigators, after all, had shown that the brain’s own immune cells, the microglia, may drive Alzheimer’s disease. Dangerous blood condition may guard against Alzheimer’s disease 2021-12-13T05:00:00Z Rodent exercise also slows or halts aging-related declines in the animals’ brains, studies show, in part by strengthening specialized cells called microglia. How Staying Physically Active May Protect the Aging Brain 2021-12-01T05:00:00Z And it activates the microglia, which may attempt to remove more neurons than they normally would. How does COVID-19 change the brain? This scientist is finding out 2021-11-05T04:00:00Z One type, called microglia, is the main kind of immune cell in the brain and may influence the progression of the disease in different ways during both early and later stages. Immune Cells Suggest New Alzheimer’s Treatment Possibilities 2021-07-26T04:00:00Z Recent research on immune cells called microglia in the brain is leading to some new approaches. Animal Play Is Delightfully Meaningful 2021-07-20T04:00:00Z In two other people with clonal hematopoiesis, they detected the blood mutations in the microglia themselves, finding the telltale changes in between 40% and 80% of the cells. Dangerous blood condition may guard against Alzheimer’s disease 2021-12-13T05:00:00Z But as animals age, recent studies have found, their microglia can start to malfunction, initiating inflammation but not subsequently quieting it, leading to continuous brain inflammation. How Staying Physically Active May Protect the Aging Brain 2021-12-01T05:00:00Z Ultimately, the researchers aim to combine the data on RNA, the microglia, the new and mature neurons, and the connections they make to create a portrait of a brain ravaged by COVID-19. How does COVID-19 change the brain? This scientist is finding out 2021-11-05T04:00:00Z Guided by powerful genetic-sequencing methods, we are beginning to gain an understanding of microglia and of the role of the immune system and its inflammatory processes in Alzheimer’s. Immune Cells Suggest New Alzheimer’s Treatment Possibilities 2021-07-26T04:00:00Z These immune cells, called microglia, were enlarged and had clustered in nodules, signaling inflammation, though not as severe as what pathologists see in cases of viral encephalitis. Scientists begin to unravel the mysteries of the coronavirus and brains 2021-06-07T04:00:00Z There, the cells may have morphed into microglia. Dangerous blood condition may guard against Alzheimer’s disease 2021-12-13T05:00:00Z They wanted to see, in effect, whether people’s microglia appeared to have been perpetually overexcited during their final years, driving brain inflammation, or been able to dial back their activity when appropriate, blunting inflammation. How Staying Physically Active May Protect the Aging Brain 2021-12-01T05:00:00Z Other revved up genes suggest increased action by scavenger cells called microglia, which prune synapses and cause potentially harmful inflammation. ‘Total game changer’: Pinpointing gene activity in tissues is aiding studies of COVID-19, Alzheimer’s 2021-03-18T04:00:00Z This mutation was found to impair microglia’s functioning and increase the risk of developing Alzheimer’s roughly twofold to fourfold. Immune Cells Suggest New Alzheimer’s Treatment Possibilities 2021-07-26T04:00:00Z Still, microglia don’t act like this unless provoked. Scientists begin to unravel the mysteries of the coronavirus and brains 2021-06-07T04:00:00Z It’s possible, for example, that mutant microglia are better at clearing away the beta-amyloid plaques and tau tangles that build up in Alzheimer’s disease. Dangerous blood condition may guard against Alzheimer’s disease 2021-12-13T05:00:00Z They found a strong relationship between being in motion and healthy microglia, especially in portions of the brain involved in memory. How Staying Physically Active May Protect the Aging Brain 2021-12-01T05:00:00Z With repeated infectious hits, microglia can become “spiky.” What If You Never Get Better From Covid-19? 2021-01-21T05:00:00Z If injury does occur, the shape and function of microglia change. Immune Cells Suggest New Alzheimer’s Treatment Possibilities 2021-07-26T04:00:00Z These differences were observed in neurons and other brain cells—glia and immune cells called microglia. COVID Can Cause Forgetfulness, Psychosis, Mania or a Stutter 2021-01-21T05:00:00Z Writing in Nature, Badimon et al.2 extend this repertoire of inhibitory influences to include microglia, the resident immune cells of the brain. Brain’s immune cells put the brakes on neurons 2020-09-29T04:00:00Z In addition, no one believes microglia are the only aspect of the brain affected by movement, Dr. Casaletto said. How Staying Physically Active May Protect the Aging Brain 2021-12-01T05:00:00Z He is currently studying the possibility and, should that work pan out, he has a few drug candidates that might calm microglia. What If You Never Get Better From Covid-19? 2021-01-21T05:00:00Z Other research shows that inflammatory proteins called cytokines that are secreted by microglia dramatically increase the destructive process of hyperphosphorylation. Immune Cells Suggest New Alzheimer’s Treatment Possibilities 2021-07-26T04:00:00Z In addition, Yang also found gene-expression changes in microglia, which clean up waste and eat dead cells in a process called phagocytosis. COVID Can Cause Forgetfulness, Psychosis, Mania or a Stutter 2021-01-21T05:00:00Z The authors’ work raises fascinating questions about the role of microglia in information processing. Brain’s immune cells put the brakes on neurons 2020-09-29T04:00:00Z Physical activity changes countless other cells, genes and chemicals in the brain, she said, and some of those effects may be more important than microglia in keeping us mentally sharp. How Staying Physically Active May Protect the Aging Brain 2021-12-01T05:00:00Z Neurotoxicologist Deborah Cory-Slechta of the University of Rochester Medical Center says that in both animals and humans, these pollutants prompt the release of cytokines from microglia cells, the resident immune sentinels in the brain. The New Alzheimer’s–Air Pollution Link 2020-05-13T04:00:00Z Several laboratories consistently identified a dramatic reduction in the number of microglia surrounding amyloid plaques in such mice. Immune Cells Suggest New Alzheimer’s Treatment Possibilities 2021-07-26T04:00:00Z Neuroscientists made another advance this year when they discovered that microglia seem to be involved in making the brain forget these engrams by eliminating the synapses that normally connect neurons. Five Types of Research, Underexplored until Recently, Could Produce Alzheimer’s Treatments 2020-04-22T04:00:00Z Seizures were not observed in wild-type animals receiving the same drugs, indicating that microglia normally exert a brake on neuronal activity. Brain’s immune cells put the brakes on neurons 2020-09-29T04:00:00Z This study also does not prove activity causes microglia to work better, only that healthy microglia are common in people who are active. How Staying Physically Active May Protect the Aging Brain 2021-12-01T05:00:00Z The reason female mice are protected from these changes seems to lie in the microglia, the brain’s resident immune cells. We Should Send Women on a Mars Mission 2020-03-11T04:00:00Z A series of studies from the lab of Marco Colonna at Washington University in St. Louis found that in mice without the Trem2 gene, microglia were unable to properly ramp up their metabolism. Immune Cells Suggest New Alzheimer’s Treatment Possibilities 2021-07-26T04:00:00Z Some of the more frequently seen variants, and thus the most interesting doors, are genes or other stretches of DNA in the microglia. Five Types of Research, Underexplored until Recently, Could Produce Alzheimer’s Treatments 2020-04-22T04:00:00Z The mechanism by which microglia exert their effect involves the molecule ATP, which is released by active neurons and their associated astrocytes, and is converted into ADP by the microglial enzyme CD39. Brain’s immune cells put the brakes on neurons 2020-09-29T04:00:00Z Afterward, the microglia release other chemical messages that calm the inflammation, keeping the brain healthy and tidy and the animal’s thinking intact. How Staying Physically Active May Protect the Aging Brain 2021-12-01T05:00:00Z Once all of the microglia were eliminated, the mice were taken off the drug. We Should Send Women on a Mars Mission 2020-03-11T04:00:00Z In addition, work by Jaime Grutzendler’s group at Yale University showed that the fewer microglia that surrounded a plaque, the more damaged the nearby axons were. Immune Cells Suggest New Alzheimer’s Treatment Possibilities 2021-07-26T04:00:00Z This gene is normally involved in the way microglia engulf potentially harmful outside molecules and move them into the cell, protecting nearby neurons. Five Types of Research, Underexplored until Recently, Could Produce Alzheimer’s Treatments 2020-04-22T04:00:00Z How might microglia–neuron interactions inhibit the electrical activity of neurons? Brain’s immune cells put the brakes on neurons 2020-09-29T04:00:00Z But microglia from sedentary participants showed signs of having become stuck in unhealthy overdrive during their final years. How Staying Physically Active May Protect the Aging Brain 2021-12-01T05:00:00Z Then, the microglia naturally repopulated in the brain, but these microglia were as if they had never been radiated. We Should Send Women on a Mars Mission 2020-03-11T04:00:00Z That study provided further evidence of the potential role of microglia in protecting against amyloid’s toxic effects in local areas around plaques. Immune Cells Suggest New Alzheimer’s Treatment Possibilities 2021-07-26T04:00:00Z This response stems from the microglia, in large part, and it causes an inflammatory reaction intended to destroy any tissue harboring the trouble spots. Five Types of Research, Underexplored until Recently, Could Produce Alzheimer’s Treatments 2020-04-22T04:00:00Z In addition, deletion of microglia in specific regions of grey matter affected only those regions, rather than causing excessive activity across the whole brain. Brain’s immune cells put the brakes on neurons 2020-09-29T04:00:00Z If these people had been inactive, their microglia tended to look quite dysfunctional, and their memories tended to be spotty. How Staying Physically Active May Protect the Aging Brain 2021-12-01T05:00:00Z After the mice were irradiated, they received a drug that blocked the receptor necessary for microglia to survive. We Should Send Women on a Mars Mission 2020-03-11T04:00:00Z It also showed that microglia interact with the ends of tiny amyloid fibers, potentially halting their growth or shielding the surrounding neurons from amyloid’s ill effects. Immune Cells Suggest New Alzheimer’s Treatment Possibilities 2021-07-26T04:00:00Z “And what is the relationship between loss of synapses by microglia and forgetting?” How Does a Mammalian Brain Forget? 2020-02-06T05:00:00Z Another question is to what extent the inhibitory influence of microglia depends on the amount of neuronal excitation occurring. Brain’s immune cells put the brakes on neurons 2020-09-29T04:00:00Z But if people frequently had moved around during late life, their microglia usually appeared healthy after their deaths, and many had not experienced notable memory loss in their later years. How Staying Physically Active May Protect the Aging Brain 2021-12-01T05:00:00Z They noticed that microglia were not just sitting by idly, waiting to be called into action — instead, they were highly pro-active. The amazing brain cells that link mind and body 2020-02-01T05:00:00Z If microglia protect axons from amyloid plaque damage, might they also safeguard against tau pathology? Immune Cells Suggest New Alzheimer’s Treatment Possibilities 2021-07-26T04:00:00Z The team then conducted a series of experiments to pinpoint how, exactly, microglia mediate forgetting. How Does a Mammalian Brain Forget? 2020-02-06T05:00:00Z They suggest that the metabolites modulate the ability of the brain’s immune cells, microglia, to engulf and degrade structures called dendritic spines that form synaptic connections between neurons. Gut microbes regulate neurons to help mice forget their fear 2019-10-22T04:00:00Z Dr. David Holtzman at Washington University in St. Louis took a closer look — and says microglia may be key to how the amyloid-tau duo turns toxic. Scientists rethink Alzheimer’s, diversifying the drug search 2019-09-10T04:00:00Z "Beneath the high-resolution microscope, individual microglia resembled elegant tree branches with many slender limbs," Nakazawa writes. The amazing brain cells that link mind and body 2020-02-01T05:00:00Z From these observations, we concluded that normal TREM2 and perhaps microglia in general protect against amyloid- induced seeding and spreading of tau throughout the brain. Immune Cells Suggest New Alzheimer’s Treatment Possibilities 2021-07-26T04:00:00Z Further tests revealed that forgetting was dependent on the microglia’s ability to gobble up synapses—and on the activity of neurons. How Does a Mammalian Brain Forget? 2020-02-06T05:00:00Z In support of this idea, the researchers show that changes in the microbiota lead to altered gene expression in microglia and neurons, and to changes in dendritic-spine maintenance. Gut microbes regulate neurons to help mice forget their fear 2019-10-22T04:00:00Z Sure enough, more tangles formed next to plaques in mice with weak microglia than in those with functional immune cells, they recently reported in Nature Neuroscience. Scientists rethink Alzheimer’s, diversifying the drug search 2019-09-10T04:00:00Z If the new research on microglia helps upend that assumption, that, in and of itself, would be worth celebrating. The amazing brain cells that link mind and body 2020-02-01T05:00:00Z They found that microglia in mouse brains with neurodegenerative injuries similar to those that occur with tau pathology switched on diverse genes, many of which encode proteins for degrading unwanted materials in the cell. Immune Cells Suggest New Alzheimer’s Treatment Possibilities 2021-07-26T04:00:00Z Immune cells called microglia don’t just fight pathogens. Organoids aren’t brains; how are they making brain waves? 2019-08-29T04:00:00Z Chu and colleagues found high expression of genes associated with an immature state in the microglia of their microbiota-deficient animals — a change that might affect the cells’ ability to function normally. Gut microbes regulate neurons to help mice forget their fear 2019-10-22T04:00:00Z In addition to their immune system job, microglia also secrete molecules that help nourish neurons, noted Kentucky’s Wilcock. Scientists rethink Alzheimer’s, diversifying the drug search 2019-09-10T04:00:00Z And of the several types of glial cells in the brain, perhaps none seemed less inherently interesting than microglia. The amazing brain cells that link mind and body 2020-02-01T05:00:00Z All of this indicates a strong immune response by microglia to tau pathology that correlates with increased damage, not protection of the brain. Immune Cells Suggest New Alzheimer’s Treatment Possibilities 2021-07-26T04:00:00Z “I’m thinking, with microglia it might be better,” said Gabriela Goldberg, a graduate student on the project. Organoids aren’t brains; how are they making brain waves? 2019-08-29T04:00:00Z The researchers’ RNA sequencing revealed changes in genes related to the role of the microglia in synapse organization and assembly. Gut microbes regulate neurons to help mice forget their fear 2019-10-22T04:00:00Z Microglia, the immune cells of the brain, showed the greatest divergence in gene expression between humans and mice, suggesting that the role of microglia in neuroimmune disorders might differ considerably between species. A recipe book for cell types in the human brain 2019-08-20T04:00:00Z By eliminating weak and idle synapses, microglia facilitate healthy brain development. The amazing brain cells that link mind and body 2020-02-01T05:00:00Z We next asked whether the loss of TREM2, the receptor on the surface of microglia, would increase neurodegeneration and inflammation in the brain. Immune Cells Suggest New Alzheimer’s Treatment Possibilities 2021-07-26T04:00:00Z Drugs that influence the brain’s immune cells, called microglia, are attracting renewed attention. Alzheimer’s research is getting a reboot at small companies focused on the immune system 2019-07-03T04:00:00Z They therefore posit that the microbiota affects neurons and microglia in the brain through metabolites that are released into the circulation. Gut microbes regulate neurons to help mice forget their fear 2019-10-22T04:00:00Z They observed genome-wide differences between the young and old animals in the gene-expression patterns of endothelial cells and of cells called microglia and oligodendrocytes. Infiltration of old brains by T cells causes dysfunction of neural stem cells 2019-07-02T04:00:00Z Perhaps, Nakazawa writes, "like white blood cells, microglia didn't always get it right. What if, instead of just pruning away damaged or old neurons, microglia were sometimes mistakenly engulfing and destroying healthy brain synapses too?" The amazing brain cells that link mind and body 2020-02-01T05:00:00Z Giving mice a drug that blocked the critical protein colony-stimulating factor 1, which microglia need to survive, was shown to remove around 90 percent of microglia in the brain. Immune Cells Suggest New Alzheimer’s Treatment Possibilities 2021-07-26T04:00:00Z Rosenthal likened microglia to a police force that sometimes goes rogue in the brains of elderly people and not only is unable to stop crime but also starts indiscriminately shooting innocent victims. Alzheimer’s research is getting a reboot at small companies focused on the immune system 2019-07-03T04:00:00Z One sign that a brain is getting older is widespread activation of its immune cells, called microglia. How Young Blood Rejuvenates an Old Animal's Brain 2019-05-14T04:00:00Z While your brain is packed with neurons that do the "thinking" - they are ably assisted by special immune cells called microglia. Dementia is 'greatest health challenge' 2019-05-02T04:00:00Z Beyond that, our bodies and brains are immensely complex, and microglia are just one piece of an intricate physiological system. The amazing brain cells that link mind and body 2020-02-01T05:00:00Z Once tau pathology is clearly established, however, microglia may drive synapse loss and the death of neurons. Immune Cells Suggest New Alzheimer’s Treatment Possibilities 2021-07-26T04:00:00Z Drugs that influence how microglia do their job hold great promise for treatment, he said. Alzheimer’s research is getting a reboot at small companies focused on the immune system 2019-07-03T04:00:00Z When leukocytes then attach to the protein, the cells signal the brain to activate microglia. How Young Blood Rejuvenates an Old Animal's Brain 2019-05-14T04:00:00Z Injecting a bacterial molecule called lipopolysaccharide into the spines of mice drew the attention of microglia, the nervous system’s resident immune cells. Why the sexes don’t feel pain the same way 2019-03-26T04:00:00Z The microglia became more efficient at chewing up the amyloid protein that forms toxic plaques in Alzheimer’s. A Possible Alzheimer’s Treatment With Clicks and Flashes? It Worked on Mice 2019-03-14T04:00:00Z Assuming that the damaging effect of microglia in mouse models of tau pathology holds true in human Alzheimer’s—still a big assumption—targeting microglia might be a viable treatment strategy. Immune Cells Suggest New Alzheimer’s Treatment Possibilities 2021-07-26T04:00:00Z “How microglia respond to this tissue damage—that is at the heart of the genetic regulation of risk for Alzheimer’s,” she says. For Alzheimer's Sufferers, Brain Inflammation Ignites a Neuron-Killing "Forest Fire" 2019-03-04T05:00:00Z Now, a new study suggests an answer in the case of one chemotherapy drug: Brain cells called microglia may orchestrate chemo brain by disrupting other cells that help maintain the brain’s communication system. How does chemo brain work? One cancer drug might interfere with brain signaling 2018-12-06T05:00:00Z The microglia remained quiet in females, which seemed to account for their indifference to Sorge poking their paws with fine hairs. Why the sexes don’t feel pain the same way 2019-03-26T04:00:00Z Some researchers are trying to restore lost synapses; others are focusing on microglia, scavenger cells involved in the brain’s immune system. Will We Ever Cure Alzheimer’s? 2018-11-20T05:00:00Z Conversely, in more advanced stages of tau pathology, decreasing the microglia response might slow neurodegeneration, as well as the rate of cognitive decline. Immune Cells Suggest New Alzheimer’s Treatment Possibilities 2021-07-26T04:00:00Z The protein CD47 is expressed on active synaptic termini, and signals to its receptor SIRP-α on microglia, discouraging the immune cells from digesting the synaptic terminal. A ‘don’t eat me’ immune signal protects neuronal connections 2018-10-28T04:00:00Z A Science paper she and her colleagues published in 2003 suggested radiation affected a type of brain cell called microglia, which protect the brain against inflammation. How does chemo brain work? One cancer drug might interfere with brain signaling 2018-12-06T05:00:00Z Sorge and a team of collaborators from three institutions found that, no matter how they blocked microglia, this eliminated the pain hypersensitivity in males alone. Why the sexes don’t feel pain the same way 2019-03-26T04:00:00Z Imbuing these organoids with blood vessels and immune cells such as microglia is also a challenge. How cerebral organoids are guiding brain-cancer research and therapies 2018-09-25T04:00:00Z Several of these risk genes are expressed predominantly by microglia, the brain’s major immune cells. Immune Cells Suggest New Alzheimer’s Treatment Possibilities 2021-07-26T04:00:00Z This study is particularly interesting in that regard, because the ‘eat me’ and ‘don’t eat me’ signals from synapses both act on microglia. A ‘don’t eat me’ immune signal protects neuronal connections 2018-10-28T04:00:00Z Additional experiments on brain cells revealed methotrexate activates microglia in the brain’s white matter, causing a cascade of effects and ultimately depleting OPCs. How does chemo brain work? One cancer drug might interfere with brain signaling 2018-12-06T05:00:00Z They were just as bothered by nerve injury as the males were, but they weren’t using microglia to become hypersensitive to touch. Why the sexes don’t feel pain the same way 2019-03-26T04:00:00Z The team also revealed the brain cells that became senescent were two forms of immune cell in the brain, called microglia and astrocytes, rather than neurons. Removing faulty brain cells staves off dementia in mice 2018-09-19T04:00:00Z Similarly, the mechanisms by which senescent astrocytes and microglia signal back to neurons remain to be determined. Elimination of senescent cells prevents neurodegeneration in mice 2018-09-18T04:00:00Z The identification of a ‘don’t eat me’ signal in microglia reveals a new aspect of this crucial developmental phenomenon. A ‘don’t eat me’ immune signal protects neuronal connections 2018-10-28T04:00:00Z Because several compounds that deplete microglia are in clinical trials for cancer and other indications, the scientists were able to test one of them on their chemo brain–affected animals. How does chemo brain work? One cancer drug might interfere with brain signaling 2018-12-06T05:00:00Z They still became hypersensitive to the fine hairs, but the mechanism now seemed to occur through microglia. Why the sexes don’t feel pain the same way 2019-03-26T04:00:00Z In the later stages of Alzheimer’s disease, the immune cells of the brain, known as microglia, go into overdrive, killing neurons. The amyloid hypothesis on trial 2018-07-24T04:00:00Z It will also be interesting to understand whether the same glia-derived signals affect both tau pathology and neuronal survival, and whether astrocytes and microglia send the same or distinct signals. Elimination of senescent cells prevents neurodegeneration in mice 2018-09-18T04:00:00Z The microglia then respond to any plaques by pruning the junctions between neurons — effectively trimming the connections that underpin memory. The search for better animal models of Alzheimer’s disease 2018-07-24T04:00:00Z They found that depleting microglia was effective: It restored OPCs, normalized myelin, and rescued short-term memory, the research team reports today in Cell. How does chemo brain work? One cancer drug might interfere with brain signaling 2018-12-06T05:00:00Z In females lacking T cells, blocking the activity of microglia prevented this pain response, just as it did in males. Why the sexes don’t feel pain the same way 2019-03-26T04:00:00Z “If you can convert microglia from the pro-inflammatory state to the phagocytic house-keeping state, you hit all three pathologies,” says Tanzi. The amyloid hypothesis on trial 2018-07-24T04:00:00Z This, too, provided evidence of senescence in astrocytes and microglia, but not in neurons. Elimination of senescent cells prevents neurodegeneration in mice 2018-09-18T04:00:00Z The plaques also alert brain immune cells called microglia to the fact that something is wrong; these cells launch an immune cascade that kills even more neurons. Harder Evidence Builds that Viruses Play a Role in Alzheimer's 2018-06-21T04:00:00Z The activation of microglia, Schagen says, looks like an “important” direct mechanism. How does chemo brain work? One cancer drug might interfere with brain signaling 2018-12-06T05:00:00Z In the case of microglia and pain hypersensitivity, Mogil’s research points squarely at testosterone as the control switch for pain pathways. Why the sexes don’t feel pain the same way 2019-03-26T04:00:00Z Mouse experiments from his lab have shown that these molecules appear to activate microglia, the immune cells of the brain. Does Parkinson's Begin in the Gut? 2018-05-08T04:00:00Z When they detect an infectious or otherwise-aberrant molecule such as amyloid-β—or debris from damaged cells—they become activated and signal to other microglia to join them in a clean-up effort. Is "Friendly Fire" in the Brain Provoking Alzheimer's Disease? 2018-04-24T04:00:00Z In those earliest depictions of the affected brain tissue, Alzheimer also sketched microglia, a type of immune cell in the brain, nestling next to neurons. Is ‘friendly fire’ in the brain provoking Alzheimer’s disease? 2018-04-23T04:00:00Z A new fate mapping system reveals context-dependent random or clonal expansion of microglia. Innate immune memory in the brain shapes neurological disease hallmarks 2018-04-10T04:00:00Z And when the researchers provided testosterone to castrated males, or to females, the pain pathway switched to one dependent on microglia. Why the sexes don’t feel pain the same way 2019-03-26T04:00:00Z In mice that were injected once, brain immune cells called microglia exhibit a form of immune memory called immune training, which exaggerates inflammatory responses. Immune memory in the brain 2018-04-10T04:00:00Z If there were any doubts still lingering about the importance of microglia in mechanisms of dementia—whether they serve as heroes or villains—these papers eliminated them. Is "Friendly Fire" in the Brain Provoking Alzheimer's Disease? 2018-04-24T04:00:00Z He became encouraged by reports that microglia gather around plaques and areas of brain degeneration, and that inflammatory molecules such as cytokines collect in the cerebrospinal fluid of patients. Is ‘friendly fire’ in the brain provoking Alzheimer’s disease? 2018-04-23T04:00:00Z A new type of microglia gene targeting shows TAK1 to be pivotal in CNS autoimmune inflammation. Innate immune memory in the brain shapes neurological disease hallmarks 2018-04-10T04:00:00Z These cells serve a similar function to microglia. Why the sexes don’t feel pain the same way 2019-03-26T04:00:00Z By contrast, the microglia of mice injected four times exhibit immune tolerance, which dampens inflammatory responses. Immune memory in the brain 2018-04-10T04:00:00Z “The role of immune cells like microglia in the brain is incredibly important and poorly understood, and is one of the hottest areas for research now,” he says. How flashing lights and pink noise might banish Alzheimer’s, improve memory and more 2018-02-27T05:00:00Z When they detect an infectious or otherwise-aberrant molecule such as amyloid-β — or debris from damaged cells — they become activated and signal to other microglia to join them in a clean-up effort. Is ‘friendly fire’ in the brain provoking Alzheimer’s disease? 2018-04-23T04:00:00Z A unique microglia type associated with restricting development of Alzheimer’s disease. Innate immune memory in the brain shapes neurological disease hallmarks 2018-04-10T04:00:00Z When Murphy’s team blocked morphine’s effects on microglia, males and females responded to the pain in a similar way9. Why the sexes don’t feel pain the same way 2019-03-26T04:00:00Z Instead, immune memory in microglia might endure because these cells are long-lived9. Immune memory in the brain 2018-04-10T04:00:00Z It initiates changes in gene expression that cause microglia — immune cells in the brain — to change shape1. How flashing lights and pink noise might banish Alzheimer’s, improve memory and more 2018-02-27T05:00:00Z How might microglia, which evolved to keep the brain in good order, become a force for the bad in Alzheimer’s? Is ‘friendly fire’ in the brain provoking Alzheimer’s disease? 2018-04-23T04:00:00Z The autism brains also show a unique increase in the expression of genes specific to immune cells called microglia. Autism Shares Brain Signature with Schizophrenia and Bipolar Disorder 2018-02-08T05:00:00Z It probed the roles of different types of glial cell—astrocytes and microglia—in synapse elimination, for example. Ben Barres (1955–2017) 2018-01-02T05:00:00Z This indicates that long-lasting enhancer activation in microglia requires both brain pathology and an inflammatory insult. Immune memory in the brain 2018-04-10T04:00:00Z A second trial, in collaboration with Boyden and Tsai, will look for signals of activated microglia and levels of tau protein. How flashing lights and pink noise might banish Alzheimer’s, improve memory and more 2018-02-27T05:00:00Z That would allow the microglia to continue their other important roles in the brain’s housekeeping without conscripting other microglia to help clean up. Is ‘friendly fire’ in the brain provoking Alzheimer’s disease? 2018-04-23T04:00:00Z Autism brains alone show a spike in the expression of genes associated with microglia, the researchers found. Autism Shares Brain Signature with Schizophrenia and Bipolar Disorder 2018-02-08T05:00:00Z There are three primary types of glial cells, or glia — microglia, oligodendrocytes and astrocytes — but before Dr. Barres began to look at glia, their functions were poorly understood. Ben Barres, transgender brain researcher and advocate of diversity in science, dies at 63 2017-12-30T05:00:00Z The researchers demonstrated that microglial tolerance led to enhancer and gene-expression changes associated with a process called phagocytosis, by which microglia ingest material to be broken down. Immune memory in the brain 2018-04-10T04:00:00Z The body then activates more microglia to try to clear the waste but this in turn causes inflammation. Here's What We Think Alzheimer's Does to the Brain 2017-11-06T05:00:00Z Others are in pathways that sense damage or encourage microglia to engulf defective molecules. Is ‘friendly fire’ in the brain provoking Alzheimer’s disease? 2018-04-23T04:00:00Z Earlier this year, for instance, Maze and colleagues fingered microglia, brain immune cells that stoke inflammation, as possible players in POCD. Will surgery sap your brain power? 2017-05-31T04:00:00Z Donna Werling, a neurogeneticist at the University of California, San Francisco, and her colleagues found that genes associated with microglia are more active in male brains than in female brains in the months before birth. Cells that trim brain connections are linked to autism 2017-05-10T04:00:00Z Perhaps changes in metabolism mediate and perpetuate enhancer activation in microglia. Immune memory in the brain 2018-04-10T04:00:00Z Normally TREM2 acts to guide microglia to clear beta-amyloid plaques from the brain, and to help fight inflammation within the brain. Here's What We Think Alzheimer's Does to the Brain 2017-11-06T05:00:00Z In each case, the gene-expression patterns indicate that the microglia are ramping up their house-keeping duties to try to protect the brain. Is ‘friendly fire’ in the brain provoking Alzheimer’s disease? 2018-04-23T04:00:00Z In the new study, published in JCI Insight in April, the researchers gave some of the operated-on mice a drug that kills microglia. Will surgery sap your brain power? 2017-05-31T04:00:00Z Another possibility, she says, is that girls’ less-active microglia may protect them from the effects of those genes. Cells that trim brain connections are linked to autism 2017-05-10T04:00:00Z The authors focused on microglia, but other cell types in the brain probably also contribute to the effects of training and tolerance. Immune memory in the brain 2018-04-10T04:00:00Z Called microglia, these cells are also investigated by immunologists interested in the cells’ role in, say, multiple sclerosis. Don’t let useful data go to waste 2017-02-27T05:00:00Z If there were any doubts still lingering about the importance of microglia in mechanisms of dementia — whether they serve as heroes or villains — these papers eliminated them. Is ‘friendly fire’ in the brain provoking Alzheimer’s disease? 2018-04-23T04:00:00Z They detected a noticeable uptick in the size and activity of microglia, suggesting that these immune cells were vacuuming up more amyloid protein and stepping up their trash-disposal efforts. Flickering lights may create path to Alzheimer’s treatment 2016-12-07T05:00:00Z Strengthening gamma oscillations appeared to switch the microglia back into a productive state. Strobe lighting provides a flicker of hope in the fight against Alzheimer’s 2016-12-07T05:00:00Z The researchers say the light works by recruiting the help of resident immune cells called microglia. 'Flashing light therapy' for Alzheimer's - BBC News 2016-12-07T05:00:00Z Extracellular α-synuclein might also induce inflammation through the activation of Toll-like receptors found on the surface of innate immune cells such as microglia. Defects in trafficking bridge Parkinson's disease pathology and genetics : Nature : Nature Research 2016-11-08T05:00:00Z Amit is now discussing with industrial partners how the housekeeping activities of microglia might be boosted. Is ‘friendly fire’ in the brain provoking Alzheimer’s disease? 2018-04-23T04:00:00Z The importance of glial cells in the degeneration and death of motor neurons emerged from studies in which the synthesis of mutant SOD1 was silenced in microglia, astrocytes or oligodendrocyte precursor cells. Decoding ALS: from genes to mechanism : Nature : Nature Research 2016-11-08T05:00:00Z Emerging functions of microglia at synapses suggest that these cells also participate directly in synaptic remodelling77, 105. The road to restoring neural circuits for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease : Nature : Nature Research 2016-11-08T05:00:00Z In the brain, most of these genes, including TREM2, are expressed predominantly or exclusively by microglia. Ageing, neurodegeneration and brain rejuvenation : Nature : Nature Research 2016-11-08T05:00:00Z Extracellular α-synuclein might also induce inflammation through the activation of Toll-like receptors found on the surface of innate immune cells such as microglia. Defects in trafficking bridge Parkinson's disease pathology and genetics : Nature : Nature Research 2016-11-08T05:00:00Z And not all scientists assume that the role of the immune system in neurodegeneration stops with microglia. Is ‘friendly fire’ in the brain provoking Alzheimer’s disease? 2018-04-23T04:00:00Z This delay was accompanied by a delay in the activation of microglia, demonstrating a functional crosstalk between mutant-SOD1-expressing astrocytes and microglia. Decoding ALS: from genes to mechanism : Nature : Nature Research 2016-11-08T05:00:00Z Future studies that use omics-based screens and live-cell imaging will be necessary to disentangle the complex functions of microglia in AD. The road to restoring neural circuits for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease : Nature : Nature Research 2016-11-08T05:00:00Z For these individuals, perhaps reducing the inflammatory activity of brain immune cells called microglia could help. How to defeat dementia 2016-11-08T05:00:00Z Researchers at Biogen believe that other cells called microglia then arrive and clear the aberrant proteins from the brain. Trial shows tantalising signs that new Alzheimer's drug could benefit early-stage patients 2016-08-31T04:00:00Z A movie clip created by a fellow Barres postdoc, Axel Nimmerjahn, recorded through a sheer window in a mouse’s skull, hinted that microglia—which play the role of microphages in the brain—were responsible. This woman may know a secret to saving the brain’s synapses 2016-08-18T04:00:00Z Past studies showed that the immune cells microglia play a key part in pain perception, but this is now found to be true only in males. Painful progress : Nature : Nature Publishing Group 2016-07-12T04:00:00Z These contrasting results might reflect the distinct responses of microglia to the different phases of AD. The road to restoring neural circuits for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease : Nature : Nature Research 2016-11-08T05:00:00Z The authors propose that the nerve damage and the morphine delivered a kind of one-two punch to cells in the spinal cord called microglia—sentinels of the nervous system that scout for infection. Why taking morphine, oxycodone can sometimes make pain worse 2016-05-30T04:00:00Z The study found that amyloid plaques were fluffier and spikier, and thus more harmful, in the brains of people with a genetic mutation that prevents the microglia from surrounding them. Immune cells may act as ‘trash compactors, protecting against Alzheimer’s 2016-05-18T04:00:00Z She also used mice that lacked the complement receptor in microglia, and discovered that this reduced the rate at which the cells devoured synapses. This woman may know a secret to saving the brain’s synapses 2016-08-18T04:00:00Z During the maturation of the brain, microglia recognize these factors as tags and engulf the tagged synapses. Madness Runs in the Family 2016-03-28T04:00:00Z The cells that hold the main responsibility for this elimination in the brain are microglia, which survey their surroundings for unwanted and potentially disease-causing debris105. The road to restoring neural circuits for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease : Nature : Nature Research 2016-11-08T05:00:00Z Previous studies have shown that opioids make microglia more sensitive to activation. Why taking morphine, oxycodone can sometimes make pain worse 2016-05-30T04:00:00Z One study last year, for instance, found2 that although inhibiting the function of immune cells called microglia helps to relieve pain in male mice, it doesn’t do so in female mice. Scientists still fail to record age and sex of lab mice 2016-03-02T05:00:00Z Finding a way to test whether microglia actually were ingesting pieces of synapses in the living brain was her first challenge. This woman may know a secret to saving the brain’s synapses 2016-08-18T04:00:00Z “Once we knew about the involvement of the microglia, all sorts of questions popped up,” Stevens said. Madness Runs in the Family 2016-03-28T04:00:00Z Although considerable data implicate microglia in the development of AD, the exact role of these cells in disease progression remains uncertain. The road to restoring neural circuits for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease : Nature : Nature Research 2016-11-08T05:00:00Z In the new study, the authors found that morphine activates a specific group of signaling proteins in microglia, collectively known as an inflammasome. Why taking morphine, oxycodone can sometimes make pain worse 2016-05-30T04:00:00Z Leukotrienes contribute to neural inflammation, cell death and the unnecessary activation of the brain's immune cells, microglia, which can damage healthy neurons. Ageing: Restoration project : Nature : Nature Publishing Group 2016-03-01T05:00:00Z The researchers made small holes in the brain-blood barrier of mice and found that nearby microglia immediately started to repair the damage. Immune Cells Repair Damage to Blood-Brain Barrier in Mice 2016-01-12T05:00:00Z Researchers found increased numbers of microglia in the post-mortem brains of people with Alzheimer's disease. Blocking brain inflammation 'halts Alzheimer's disease' - BBC News 2016-01-07T05:00:00Z When the brain is exposed to injury or disease, microglia surround the damaged areas and eat up the remains of dying cells. Rise of the Microglia 2015-10-23T04:00:00Z The researchers analysed microglia, which are the cells that protect the brain from infection and also "prune" unwanted connections between brain cells. Immune clue to preventing schizophrenia - BBC News 2015-10-16T04:00:00Z Beth Stevens, a neuroscientist at Harvard Medical School in Boston, Massachusetts, discovered that cells in the brain known as microglia play the crucial role of pruning back neurons as the brain develops. Nanowires, stem-cell transplants and wastewater treatment win 2015 MacArthur ‘genius grants’ 2015-09-28T04:00:00Z The researchers saw that a particular receptor activated the microglia and directed them to the blood-brain barrier breach. Immune Cells Repair Damage to Blood-Brain Barrier in Mice 2016-01-12T05:00:00Z Beth Stevens, a neuroscientist at Harvard Medical School in Boston, Massachusetts, discovered that microglia in the brain play the critical role of pruning back neurons as the brain develops. MacArthur 'Genius Grants' Reward Science Innovation 2015-09-29T04:00:00Z Return of the Pruning Shears As the resident immune cells, microglia act as sentinels, sensing and removing disturbances in the brain. Rise of the Microglia 2015-10-23T04:00:00Z A chemical dye which sticks to microglia was injected into 56 people to record their microglia activity. Immune clue to preventing schizophrenia - BBC News 2015-10-16T04:00:00Z Neural progenitors are programmed to become specific brain cells, such as neurons and microglia. "Brain in a Dish" Could Replace Toxic Animal Tests 2015-09-25T04:00:00Z In experiments with mice, scientists found that immune cells in the brain called microglia are crucial in repairing damage to the blood-brain barrier. Immune Cells Repair Damage to Blood-Brain Barrier in Mice 2016-01-12T05:00:00Z So what exactly do female mice use instead of microglia? Scientists discover that male and female mice process pain differently 2015-06-29T04:00:00Z The Brain’s Sculptors The discovery that microglia were active in the healthy brain jump-started the exploration into their underlying mechanisms: Why do these cells hang around synapses? Rise of the Microglia 2015-10-23T04:00:00Z He thinks the microglia are severing the wrong connections in the brain so it is not wired correctly. Immune clue to preventing schizophrenia - BBC News 2015-10-16T04:00:00Z The immune system has important roles in chronic pain, with cells called microglia being key players. Sex divide seen in mechanism that produces persistent pain 2015-06-28T04:00:00Z Inflammation in our brains, however, is unique in that it is mediated by tiny cells called microglia. Is Depression Ever Just Depression? 2015-05-12T04:00:00Z While no pain medications on the market target microglia, basic science — like what Mogil is doing in mice — is what leads to new medicine. Scientists discover that male and female mice process pain differently 2015-06-29T04:00:00Z Although microglia are best known for being the brain’s primary defenders, scientists now realize that they play a role in the developing brain and may also be implicated in developmental and neurodegenerative disorders. Rise of the Microglia 2015-10-23T04:00:00Z The researchers indentified microglia - normally the first line of defence against infection in the brain - as major players in the development of dementia. Dementia 'halted in mice brains' 2015-04-15T04:00:00Z Killing the microglia one week later extinguished that hypersensitivity in the male animals, but not in the females. Sex divide seen in mechanism that produces persistent pain 2015-06-28T04:00:00Z In response to brain injury, the microglia release a virtual symphony of chemical mediators that orchestrate the destruction of bacterial invaders, the elimination of damaged neuronal tissue and the initiation of the repair process. Is Depression Ever Just Depression? 2015-05-12T04:00:00Z "Whatever the manipulation is, in every case, blocking microglia or some part of the microglial system brings the pain sensitivity back to normal in male mice, and doesn't do anything in female mice," Mogil says. Scientists discover that male and female mice process pain differently 2015-06-29T04:00:00Z On one hand, microglia may delay the progression of disease by clearing cellular debris. Rise of the Microglia 2015-10-23T04:00:00Z Disposing of such debris is normally the role of the microglia, a type of brain cell. Ultrasound therapies target brain cancers and Alzheimer’s disease 2015-03-11T04:00:00Z If the changes in our mouse model were primarily due to cell type proportion, then the increase we observed in the CK-p25 mice should be proportional to the expression level of those genes microglia. Conserved epigenomic signals in mice and humans reveal immune basis of Alzheimer/'s disease : Nature : Nature Publishing Group 2015-02-17T05:00:00Z This would primarily require an understanding of what caused the microglia to up-regulate. Is Depression Ever Just Depression? 2015-05-12T04:00:00Z That's because whenever there's an injurious event in the body, the protein is produced in relatively high amounts by cells called microglia and astrocytes, "the immune cells of the central nervous system," Loggia explained. Brain Scans Give New Clues to Chronic Pain 2015-01-12T05:00:00Z Once the underdogs, microglia may be the key to future therapeutics for a wide variety of psychiatric and neurodegenerative disorders. Rise of the Microglia 2015-10-23T04:00:00Z Yet rousing microglia may not be the only mechanism responsible for the rodents' memory boost, Aubert notes. Ultrasound therapies target brain cancers and Alzheimer’s disease 2015-03-11T04:00:00Z The cells enmesh themselves in brain tissue and develop into specialized cells, such as microglia, Kurtzberg says. Large Study of Stem Cells for Autism Draws Criticism 2014-07-15T04:00:00Z Targeting the brain’s immune cells, for example with drugs to enhance the antibody response by sending the microglia into battle, is seen as one promising path toward treatment. Medical Researchers Predict Progress in Battles Against Alzheimer's, Cancer 2013-10-24T12:59:00Z In multiple sclerosis, the myelin sheaths around axons become damaged, and in HIV-associated neurological conditions, the virus infects astrocytes and microglia, not neurons. Neuroscience: Map the other brain 2013-09-05T20:20:29.767Z Even so, these latest astrocyte findings spark new questions: What parts do lesser-known types of glia – oligodendrocytes, microglia and so on – have to play in our brains’ ongoing drama? A Secret Society of Cells Runs Your Brain 2013-06-24T22:45:05.087Z Instead of engulfing and removing the amyloid, microglia armed with CD33 were targeting healthy nerves instead. How an Alzheimer's Gene Could Lead to New Treatments 2013-04-26T12:35:24Z When there is an intruder, microglia send warning signals to the neurons and other glia cells, triggering a rapid response. Wired and Wireless Components of the Brain 2013-03-14T17:15:00.450Z The double-hit, however, doubled or tripled the activation of microglia in the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex, two areas of the brain associated with schizophrenia. One-Two Punch of Infection, Stress May Lead to Schizophrenia 2013-02-28T19:10:00Z These cells, called microglia, are often associated with inflammatory response. Scientists identify new risk gene for Alzheimer's 2012-11-14T22:03:47Z Spidery cells that help maintain neurons — called astroglia and microglia — are enlarged from chronic activation. Opinion: Immune Disorders and Autism 2012-08-25T23:23:03Z “This was really exciting because it showed for the first time that, OK, the microglia are actually sensing, in some way, activity changes in the neuron,” Schafer says. Microglia: The constant gardeners 2012-05-30T17:50:34.540Z Adding a drug that blocked the calcium wave prevented microglia from migrating to the injury site, the team reports today in Developmental Cell. The Brain's Bat Signal 2012-05-24T18:40:00Z "What's amazing here is that the authors target the drug directly to the microglia," says Mike Johnston, a paediatric neurologist at the Kennedy Krieger Institute in Baltimore. Nanomaterials Offer Hope for Cerebral Palsy 2012-04-19T14:15:03.623Z Most microglia are with the brain at birth, but 40 percent originate in the marrow as white blood cells. Mutant bone marrow may cause mental illness, study shows 2010-06-01T18:17:00Z Cut a nerve, or release infectious bacteria into brain tissue, and microglia spring into action, retracting their many appendages and morphing into big, round blobs that gobble up pathogens and clear away cellular wreckage. Microglia: The constant gardeners 2012-05-30T17:50:34.540Z It is not known, for one thing, how many microglia repopulate the brain after the procedure. Microglia: The constant gardeners 2012-05-30T17:50:34.540Z Watch microglia migrate to an injury site to clear up cellular debris. The Brain's Bat Signal 2012-05-24T18:40:00Z The dendrimers transported the drug across the blood-brain barrier and released it directly into the activated microglia and astrocytes, halting further inflammation and improving motor function. Nanomaterials Offer Hope for Cerebral Palsy 2012-04-19T14:15:03.623Z The next step is to determine what defective microglia do to the brain. Mutant bone marrow may cause mental illness, study shows 2010-06-01T18:17:00Z Researchers assume that the brain needs microglia because the blood–brain barrier seals it off not only from toxins, pathogens and some drugs in the bloodstream, but also from the immune cells circulating there. Microglia: The constant gardeners 2012-05-30T17:50:34.540Z During prenatal development — within eight embryonic days in a mouse — microglia migrate to the brain, where they become its dedicated immune cells. Microglia: The constant gardeners 2012-05-30T17:50:34.540Z Further experiments revealed that injured cells initiate a wave of elevated calcium ion concentration that travels through the brain, and that the microglia only begin migrating when the wave reaches them. The Brain's Bat Signal 2012-05-24T18:40:00Z Such injuries lead to the activation of immune cells in the brain called microglia and astrocytes, which cause further inflammation and exacerbate the damage. Nanomaterials Offer Hope for Cerebral Palsy 2012-04-19T14:15:03.623Z He was floored by what he saw: 'resting' microglia are anything but. Microglia: The constant gardeners 2012-05-30T17:50:34.540Z The results are overturning the idea that microglia are passive immune sentinels. Microglia: The constant gardeners 2012-05-30T17:50:34.540Z Given the spate of new imaging studies, he says, “I think microglia cells are probably extremely important for synapse remodelling and plasticity in development.” Microglia: The constant gardeners 2012-05-30T17:50:34.540Z The wave sweeps through the brain at approximately 14 micrometers per second; the microglia turn their fingerlike appendages in the direction of the wave and then begin migrating toward the injury site within one minute. The Brain's Bat Signal 2012-05-24T18:40:00Z “This was a major breakthrough and inspired a lot of people,” says Marie-Ève Tremblay, a postdoctoral researcher at the University of Wisconsin–Madison who studies the role of microglia in sleep and wakefulness. Microglia: The constant gardeners 2012-05-30T17:50:34.540Z Meanwhile, microglia studies continue to yield unexpected results. Microglia: The constant gardeners 2012-05-30T17:50:34.540Z Moreover, when she housed the animals temporarily in darkness — effectively dampening neural activity in the visual cortex — microglia changed into their active, blobby form and seemed to hug synapses more snugly. Microglia: The constant gardeners 2012-05-30T17:50:34.540Z At the annual meeting of the Society for Neuroscience last November, when some 30,000 neuroscientists convened in Washington DC, the organizers held a session on microglia for the first time. Microglia: The constant gardeners 2012-05-30T17:50:34.540Z In response, all the microglia migrated to the injury site, suggesting that they are indeed attracted by a long-range signal. The Brain's Bat Signal 2012-05-24T18:40:00Z Around the same time, other scientists were watching microglia in another highly plastic region of the developing mouse brain — the hippocampus, which is important for learning and memory. Microglia: The constant gardeners 2012-05-30T17:50:34.540Z That's because microglia — which, unlike other cells in the brain, are part of the immune system — are extremely sensitive. Microglia: The constant gardeners 2012-05-30T17:50:34.540Z “Right now, the excitement is good about microglia,” Gan says. Microglia: The constant gardeners 2012-05-30T17:50:34.540Z They examined young mice lacking the fractalkine receptor protein, which is expressed only by microglia and which binds fractalkine, a protein present on neurons. Microglia: The constant gardeners 2012-05-30T17:50:34.540Z The findings provide "a convincing explanation of how dying neurons attract microglia," says Frank Kirchhoff, a glia physiologist at the University of Saarland in Homburg, Germany, who was not involved in the study. The Brain's Bat Signal 2012-05-24T18:40:00Z But it was unclear why the microglia were moving so much, Nimmerjahn says. Microglia: The constant gardeners 2012-05-30T17:50:34.540Z In 2010, Tremblay and her colleagues published a report on the activity of microglia in the visual cortex of young mice. Microglia: The constant gardeners 2012-05-30T17:50:34.540Z But nobody knew anything about what microglia were doing in the young brain. Microglia: The constant gardeners 2012-05-30T17:50:34.540Z But Stevens, Gross, Tremblay and others are all forging ahead, beginning to investigate the role of microglia in various mouse models of autism. Microglia: The constant gardeners 2012-05-30T17:50:34.540Z The spread of the wave was related to the extent of the damage, so killing fewer cells produced a smaller wave detectable only by microglia in the immediate vicinity. The Brain's Bat Signal 2012-05-24T18:40:00Z |
| 随便看 |
英语例句辞典收录了117811条英语例句在线翻译词条，基本涵盖了全部常用单词及词组的例句翻译及用法，是英语学习的有利工具。