| 单词 | Mesozoic |
| 例句 | Ma glances at the lush tropical landscape and concludes, “This must be the Mesozoic era. Jurassic or Cretaceous period, I’d say, judging from the flora and fauna. What do you think, Jax?” Dragons in a Bag 2018-10-23T00:00:00Z Sometimes too you will see the term Phanerozoic used to describe the span encompassing the Cenozoic, Mesozoic, and Paleozoic eras. A Short History of Nearly Everything 2003-05-06T00:00:00Z Similarly, in the Mesozoic era was a show called Sex and the City, and let’s just say that bringing it back in movie form – twice – did not improve on the original. Friends reunited: the one where they try to get along again 2019-11-14T05:00:00Z This might as well have been in the Mesozoic era, since life with a dog was so primitive then. Dog Feats Reach New Heights 2014-04-11T22:23:16Z The theme was inspired by a mass extinctions course he took and a trove of borrowed library books about the Mesozoic era. Jason McCue, who almost quit music after two Seattle shows, is now a bright spot in local scene 2018-03-07T05:00:00Z Central to this splitting is time, with eras, periods, epochs, and ages, such as Mesozoic, Cretaceous, and Maastrichtian. 'The Last Lost World': How the Pleistocene era shaped human development 2012-08-08T19:40:04Z “The Tree of Life,” which depicts the Big Bang, the beginning of pre-cellular life and the Mesozoic age of dinosaurs, called for extensive effects work. Without Ever Showing Up, Malick Is Talk of Cannes 2011-05-16T20:16:10Z Mansourasaurus is one of the few dinosaurs known from the last 15 million years of the Mesozoic Era on mainland Africa. Fossils found in Egypt explain mysterious time for dinosaurs in Africa 2018-01-31T05:00:00Z A meaty bone of Mesozoic dimensions surfs an ocean of Oaxacan red mole. The party's on at Kirkland's Milagro Cantina 2011-03-10T22:31:07Z Much of it depicts the world of a century or half-century ago, but compared with the Mesozoic it’s quite familiar. “Life Story,” Virginia Lee Burton’s Picture Book for the Ages 2015-10-08T04:00:00Z Take the Mesozoic era, a.k.a. the era in which the dinosaurs lived. Down and out and extremely online? No problem: Just enter a new ‘era.’ 2022-08-22T04:00:00Z But in the Mesozoic Era, it was a tropical shoreline along the Tethys Ocean, inhabited by dinosaurs and marine creatures. The Oldest Plant-Eating Dinosaur Has Been Found in India 2023-08-19T04:00:00Z The changes provided a foundation for later adaptations to feed on plants and larger animals; over time these pioneers became the Mesozoic equivalents of otters, raccoons, flying squirrels and aardvarks. Munching Bugs Gave the First Mammals an Edge 2023-07-31T04:00:00Z Most mammals during the Mesozoic Era, the age of dinosaurs, were shrew-sized bit players in the larger theater of life, doing well to avoid becoming someone else's lunch. Dramatic fossil shows pugnacious mammal attacking a dinosaur 2023-07-18T04:00:00Z Even the largest Mesozoic mammals maxed out at the size of a badger. Mammals Preyed on Much Larger Dinosaurs, a Stunning New Fossil Reveals 2023-07-18T04:00:00Z By 125 million years ago, the Mesozoic skies were full of birds. How Did Birds First Take Off? 2023-06-03T04:00:00Z The warm and stable climatic conditions of the ensuing Mesozoic Era promoted an explosive diversification of dinosaurs into every conceivable niche in land, air, and water. Fundamentals of Biology 2015-01-01T00:00:00Z But extracting fossil fuels has unearthed carbon — formed out of ancient plant matter over eons — that’s been stored underground largely since the Mesozoic Era, the age of dinosaurs over 65 million years ago. Colorado ponders carbon storage in defunct oil and gas wells 2023-02-16T05:00:00Z "I think what's key here is that Mesozoic food webs were more complex than we had imagined," Mallon said. Dramatic fossil shows pugnacious mammal attacking a dinosaur 2023-07-18T04:00:00Z Though dinosaurs appear to have been on the menu for some early mammals, Mallon stresses that the majority of Mesozoic mammals were much more susceptible to becoming a dinosaur’s dinner than the other way around. Mammals Preyed on Much Larger Dinosaurs, a Stunning New Fossil Reveals 2023-07-18T04:00:00Z For the perpetually reinventing place that is Southern California, the Tournament of Roses parade, dating from January 1890, ranks as practically Mesozoic — older than the zipper, the Teddy bear, and the game of basketball. That time L.A. got jealous of Pasadena and started its own flowery parade 2022-11-22T05:00:00Z Dinosaurs dominated the Mesozoic Era, which was known as the “age of reptiles.” Fundamentals of Biology 2015-01-01T00:00:00Z There’s no upside to being a dinosaur if you go extinct, but Mr. Presten discovered that by sticking around, he could become his own final vaudeville character: the press agent from the Mesozoic Era. Sy Presten, Press Agent So Old-Fashioned He Was News, Dies at 98 2022-10-30T04:00:00Z Tens of millions of years before the earliest birds, these Mesozoic reptiles had pioneered flight with sail-shaped wings and lightweight bones. Fossils Reveal Pterosaur Ancestors Before They Evolved Wings 2022-10-05T04:00:00Z The remarkable fossil, described Tuesday in Scientific Reports, offers researchers the first glimpse of a Mesozoic mammal actively hunting a much larger dinosaur. Mammals Preyed on Much Larger Dinosaurs, a Stunning New Fossil Reveals 2023-07-18T04:00:00Z Ranging from the size of hummingbirds to turkeys, enantiornithines took to the skies in the Mesozoic era beginning 130 million years ago. ‘Exceptional’ fossil suggests early birds were brainy 2022-09-27T04:00:00Z The dominance of dinosaurs lasted until the end of the Cretaceous, the last period of the Mesozoic Era. Fundamentals of Biology 2015-01-01T00:00:00Z While related to modern crickets and katydids, these ancient arthropods left few direct descendants, making it difficult to decipher what these Mesozoic maestros sounded like. Modern and Ancient Crickets May Sing the Same Song 2022-08-10T04:00:00Z Scientists have long believed that animal-driven pollination originated sometime in the Mesozoic era, when flowering plants first appeared around 140 million years ago. In a First, Tiny Crustaceans Are Found to “Pollinate” Seaweed like Bees of the Sea 2022-07-28T04:00:00Z By way of example, a schematic cross- section through the Paleozoic and Mesozoic rocks of southern Manitoba is given in Figure 21.10. Physical Geology 2015-01-01T00:00:00Z The dinosaurs were relatively small animals in the Triassic period of the Mesozoic but became truly massive in the Jurassic. An Introduction to Geology 2017-01-01T00:00:00Z Angiosperms appeared during the Mesozoic era and have become the dominant plant life in terrestrial habitats. Fundamentals of Biology 2015-01-01T00:00:00Z Even if they are feathers, pterosaurs may not have flaunted them like Mesozoic peacocks, Vinther says. Pterosaurs may have flaunted colorful plumage long before the reign of dinosaurs 2022-04-20T04:00:00Z The Mesozoic era, some 250 million to 65 million years ago, wasn’t a great time to be a mammal. Early mammals got big before they got smart 2022-03-30T04:00:00Z There are Paleozoic rocks in the central and western parts of British Columbia and Yukon, but they formed far away and did not become part of North America until the Mesozoic. Physical Geology 2015-01-01T00:00:00Z Subduction off the coast of the western United States, which had occurred throughout the Mesozoic, had continued in the Cenozoic. An Introduction to Geology 2017-01-01T00:00:00Z Gymnosperms were the dominant phylum in Mesozoic era. Fundamentals of Biology 2015-01-01T00:00:00Z The humble horseshoe crab has lived on, looking not that different these days from their forebears in the Mesozoic Era. Act of ‘Heresy’ Adds Horseshoe Crabs to Arachnid Family Tree 2022-02-18T05:00:00Z A passenger drop-off point on the eastern side features a traffic island full of Seussian tree aloes surrounded by an arrangement of charcoal-colored slate that resembles the scales of a Mesozoic beast. How SoFi Stadium's landscape designer is transforming Los Angeles' urban grid 2022-02-11T05:00:00Z The western edge of the basin, which has about 4,500 m of Mesozoic rock alone, is a foreland basin. Physical Geology 2015-01-01T00:00:00Z For example, during the Mesozoic Era, the Age of Dinosaurs, the climate was much warmer and carbon dioxide was abundant in the atmosphere. An Introduction to Geology 2017-01-01T00:00:00Z They dominated the landscape during the age of dinosaurs in the Mesozoic, but only a hundred or so species persisted to modern times. Fundamentals of Biology 2015-01-01T00:00:00Z What we do know is that starting roughly 230 million years ago, during the Mesozoic era, vertebrate animals evolved a wide range of vocal abilities. Fossils Reveal When Animals Started Making Noise 2022-01-10T05:00:00Z The discovery cuts against a generally accepted story that hermit behavior is a product of a period known as the Mesozoic marine revolution, Dr. Smith said. These Oddly Named Worms May Have Been the First Hermits 2021-11-08T05:00:00Z Figure 21.22 The distribution of Mesozoic sedimentary rocks in the Western Canada Sedimentary Basin. Physical Geology 2015-01-01T00:00:00Z The rocks are Permian in age and formed in the desert conditions that dominated North America toward the end of the Paleozoic through the middle Mesozoic. An Introduction to Geology 2017-01-01T00:00:00Z They appeared in the Paleozoic period and were the dominant plant life during the Mesozoic. Fundamentals of Biology 2015-01-01T00:00:00Z For example, frogs, with their rich repertoire of calls and songs, first showed up in the Mesozoic. Fossils Reveal When Animals Started Making Noise 2022-01-10T05:00:00Z The find also puts the evolution of octopus drilling squarely within the Mesozoic Marine Revolution, an escalation in the ancient arms race between ocean predators and prey. Predatory octopuses were drilling into clamshells at least 75 million years ago 2021-03-05T05:00:00Z The greatest volume of Mesozoic rocks in the basin are of Upper Cretaceous age, and that likely coincides with the period of maximum collision-related uplift of the Rockies. Physical Geology 2015-01-01T00:00:00Z The Mesozoic is probably best known as the age of reptiles, most notably, the dinosaurs. An Introduction to Geology 2017-01-01T00:00:00Z Another mass extinction event occurred at the end of the Cretaceous period, bringing the Mesozoic Era to an end. Fundamentals of Biology 2015-01-01T00:00:00Z Among the most acoustically talented animals in the Mesozoic were the dinosaurs. Fossils Reveal When Animals Started Making Noise 2022-01-10T05:00:00Z During the Mesozoic Era, which spanned 251 million to 66 million years ago, predators lurking near the seafloor became adept at crushing or boring holes into the shells of their prey. Predatory octopuses were drilling into clamshells at least 75 million years ago 2021-03-05T05:00:00Z The dinosaurs, which dominated terrestrial habitats during the Mesozoic, did not have to endure icy conditions. Physical Geology 2015-01-01T00:00:00Z In western North America, an active plate margin had started with subduction, controlling most of the tectonics of that region in the Mesozoic. An Introduction to Geology 2017-01-01T00:00:00Z Mammals first began to diversify in the Mesozoic Era, from the Jurassic to the Cretaceous periods, although most of these mammals were extinct by the end of the Mesozoic. Fundamentals of Biology 2015-01-01T00:00:00Z Interestingly, the other vertebrate fliers of the Mesozoic, the pterosaurs, did not have a syrinx. Fossils Reveal When Animals Started Making Noise 2022-01-10T05:00:00Z "They evolved towards ever more complex structures with hundreds of fine folds in the Mesozoic until they became extinct 66 million years ago together with the dinosaurs," he said. A rare fossil indeed: Scientists find ancient cephalopod with soft tissue still preserved 2021-02-03T05:00:00Z While doing his work, he had many opportunities to look at the Paleozoic and Mesozoic sedimentary rocks of the region, and he did so in a way that few had done before. Physical Geology 2015-01-01T00:00:00Z The Mesozoic era is dominated by reptiles, and more specifically, the dinosaurs. An Introduction to Geology 2017-01-01T00:00:00Z The revamping of the “Dinosphere,” which debuted in 2004, will also add the trappings of a Jurassic ecosystem and a walk-through aquarium showing Mesozoic sea creatures, The Indianapolis Star reported. Children’s Museum to close `Dinosphere’ amid exhibit update 2020-10-24T04:00:00Z Lillard finished with 61 points — his third 60-point game of the season, something only Wilt Chamberlain had ever done, back in the Mesozoic Era of the 1960s. What I Learned Inside the N.B.A. Bubble 2020-09-30T04:00:00Z After the mass extinction event brought the Mesozoic era to a close and ushered in the Cenozoic era, birds diversified. How Birds Evolved Their Incredible Diversity 2020-08-24T04:00:00Z “Fossils themselves usually can’t be dated directly,” says Sarah Gibson, a paleontologist at St. Cloud State University, who studies fish evolution about 230 million to 150 million years ago, during the early Mesozoic era. How Do Scientists Determine the Ages of Human Ancestors, Fossilized Dinosaurs and Other Organisms? 2020-08-04T04:00:00Z The Phanerozoic Eon is divided into three eras: Paleozoic, Mesozoic, and Cenozoic. An Introduction to Geology 2017-01-01T00:00:00Z So if you’re bored on a rainy day, why not stage a Mesozoic melee? A Paleontologist’s Guide to Playing with Your Dinosaur-Obsessed Kid 2020-07-21T04:00:00Z The Triassic period is the first and shortest period in the Mesozoic era, or the Age of Reptiles, and both began and ended due to major extinction events. This "tiny bug slayer" that could fit in your hand is the ancestor of the dinosaurs 2020-07-09T04:00:00Z But they did so far more slowly than their Mesozoic dinosaur forerunners. How Birds Evolved Their Incredible Diversity 2020-08-24T04:00:00Z Moreover, most dinosaur eggs are geologically rather young, being derived from rocks of Cretaceous age3 — the last and longest period of the Mesozoic era, lasting from about 145 million to 66 million years ago. Hard evidence from soft fossil eggs 2020-06-16T04:00:00Z The mass extinction of the dinosaurs and other apex predator reptiles marked the end of the Mesozoic and beginning of the Cenozoic. An Introduction to Geology 2017-01-01T00:00:00Z Most Mesozoic mammals were mouse-sized, about 100 times smaller than Adalatherium. Madagascar's prehistoric 'crazy beast' sheds light on mammalian evolution 2020-04-29T04:00:00Z But it may contain something never before seen from the depths of the Mesozoic era: degraded remnants of dinosaur DNA. Possible Dinosaur DNA Has Been Found 2020-04-17T04:00:00Z The origins of this “sturdy-ass mammal” are “Mesozoic ... it never evolved, and it is actually one of the least endangered mammals on the planet.” Review: The aardvark stays in the picture 2020-03-25T04:00:00Z “It’s probably the most beautifully preserved Mesozoic bird skull I’ve ever seen, and it’s so weird.” Skull of smallest-known bird embedded in 99-million-year-old amber 2020-03-11T04:00:00Z The fossil, which was found in Myanmar and comes from the Mesozoic era, is exceptionally well preserved for a specimen of its size. Coronavirus and children, deep-sea microbes and a bold new climate law 2020-03-10T04:00:00Z Its body was elongated with more back vertebrae than any other Mesozoic mammal. Madagascar's prehistoric 'crazy beast' sheds light on mammalian evolution 2020-04-29T04:00:00Z The dinosaur weighed perhaps two grams and lived during the Mesozoic era, which lasted from about 250 million to 65 million years ago. This miniature skull belonged to a 2-gram dinosaur 2020-03-10T04:00:00Z The newly discovered dinosaur, preserved within hardened resin during the Mid-Cretaceous period of the Mesozoic era, is represented by nothing more than a skull. Smallest Known Dinosaur Found in Amber 2020-03-11T04:00:00Z The Mesozoic Era was the age of the dinosaurs. Skull of smallest-known bird embedded in 99-million-year-old amber 2020-03-11T04:00:00Z "Our data support the hypothesis that calcified cartilage is preserved at the molecular level in this Mesozoic material, and suggest that remnants of once-living chondrocytes, including their DNA, may preserve for millions of years." Traces of DNA found in fossilized dinosaur skull, scientists claim 2020-03-03T05:00:00Z Thalattosaurs don’t enjoy the same press as Mesozoic celebrities like ichthyosaurs and plesiosaurs. Sharp-Nosed Marine Reptile Is a Triassic Surprise 2020-02-09T05:00:00Z The crocodile lineage dates to the Mesozoic Era, when the seas teemed with enormous marine reptiles. At the Bottom of the Sea, They Wait to Feast on Alligators 2020-01-17T05:00:00Z After all, the last two million years of the Mesozoic hosted our favorite bone-shattering carnivore of most any era – Tyrannosaurus rex. Tiny Tyrant Gets a New Identity 2019-12-07T05:00:00Z Paleontologists are shifting their view of Mesozoic era mammals. Podcast: Quantum supremacy and ancient mammals 2019-10-22T04:00:00Z It was the beginning of the end of the Mesozoic Era when dinosaurs ruled the world. A New Timeline of the Day the Dinosaurs Began to Die Out 2019-09-10T04:00:00Z The Mesozoic era, which spanned the time from 251 million to 66 million years ago, is often referred to as the age of dinosaurs. Pterosaurs Were Monsters of the Mesozoic Skies 2019-09-17T04:00:00Z As old as they are, dating back through the Middle and Late parts of the Triassic, they’re pretty new on the Mesozoic block. New Proto-Dinosaur Found in Colorado 2019-09-15T04:00:00Z This is how the Mesozoic world comes alive, science feeding our avid imaginations. Sifting through the Pterosaur Menu 2019-09-01T04:00:00Z The thin layer of rock at the K-Pg boundary marks the end of the Mesozoic Era and, along with it, the end of most of the Mesozoic species, including all non-flying dinosaurs. What Killed the Dinosaurs? 2019-08-04T04:00:00Z Mammals of the following time period, the Paleocene, show a slightly wider range of jaw shapes and expressed a greater degree of different jaw functions than their Mesozoic predecessors. Fossil Jaws a Sign of When Mammals Bounced Back 2019-05-25T04:00:00Z Underland first surfaced into my mind while the Chilean miners were being rescued from the Mesozoic dark. What lies beneath: Robert Macfarlane travels 'Underland' 2019-04-20T04:00:00Z Pterosaurs are often treated like Mesozoic window dressing. Spain Gets a New Fossil Flying Reptile 2019-03-30T04:00:00Z It’s easy to think of the Mesozoic as a time of aberrations and monsters. Sifting through the Pterosaur Menu 2019-09-01T04:00:00Z "This new specimen is arguably one of the most interesting Cretaceous fossil birds yet discovered, providing more reproductive information than any other Mesozoic fossil bird." 110-million-year-old bird fossil found with egg inside 2019-03-20T04:00:00Z And as with all things African-American and Major League Baseball, Robinson looms as a figure out of the Mesozoic Age. Baseball Could Use More Frank Robinsons 2019-02-08T05:00:00Z The roughly 75 million-year-old skeleton includes parts of the spine, the limbs, and more, which is actually something to squawk about given that Mesozoic birds are sometimes known from nothing more than isolated bones. Fossil Bird Soared above Utah's Dinosaurs 2019-02-02T05:00:00Z During their grand Mesozoic heyday, dinosaurs didn’t live in the ocean. The Dinosaur Who Went out to Sea 2019-01-06T05:00:00Z This is the broader group to which dinosaurs, crocodiles, and their relatives belong, arguably the most significant group of terrestrial animals during the Mesozoic. Extinction and the Rise of the Dinosaurs 2019-01-06T05:00:00Z This is especially true of the group of short-tailed pterosaurs called anurognathids, which used to dart and bob through Mesozoic era forests like bats, hawking for insects. Pterosaurs Just Keep Getting Weirder 2018-12-17T05:00:00Z "This fossil helps us understand life in the Mesozoic era," he concluded. 99 million-year-old beetle found trapped in amber 2018-10-30T04:00:00Z These superlungs may help explain why dinosaurs were able to dominate and spread, despite the rarified air of the Mesozoic, Brocklehurst says. ‘Superlungs’ gave dinosaurs the energy to run and fight 2018-10-23T04:00:00Z Global temperatures were generally warmer during the Mesozoic, and, while levels fluctuated with time, the amount of atmospheric CO2 - essential plant food - was sometimes far higher than even our own elevated modern levels. Stocking the Mesozoic Salad Bar 2018-08-05T04:00:00Z As far as Mesozoic diversity goes, it’d be harder to get more bang for your buck. The Jurassic's Big 5 2018-07-28T04:00:00Z As much as I adored dinosaurs, I didn’t relish the image of being drawn, helpless, towards the jaws of one of my Mesozoic favorites. What Did Dinosaur Tongues Look Like? 2018-06-30T04:00:00Z Forest refugia in Western and Central Africa as ‘museums’ of Mesozoic biodiversity. Misreading the Mokele-Mbembe (the Mokele-Mbembe, Part 1) 2018-06-10T04:00:00Z “For a Mesozoic proto-mammal it was pretty huge,” said James Kirkland, a paleontologist from the Utah Geological Survey who first found the skull. Big Discovery in a Tiny Mammal-Like Skull Found Under a Dinosaur’s Foot 2018-05-23T04:00:00Z “These finds provide critical new information on the formation of the avian beak and the associated elements of the palate, which are very poorly known in Mesozoic birds,” he says. Dinosaur-Era Bird Found With Shockingly Intact Skull 2018-05-02T04:00:00Z Most VR alters only our environment: We put on a head-mounted display and find ourselves floating down the Nile or surrounded by dinosaurs from the Mesozoic Era. The Future of Therapy: Becoming Someone Else in VR 2018-04-16T04:00:00Z Reptiles, especially, became increasingly weird as they went from relatively marginal parts of Earth's ecosystems to the star players - everything from dinosaurs to vacuum-faced algae-eaters sprung up during this first chapter of the Mesozoic. Paleo Profile: The Shortened Face 2018-04-08T04:00:00Z It's not a Mesozoic weirdo that's going to become a household name. Paleo Profile: The Fish from China 2018-03-25T04:00:00Z Pterosaurs in Mesozoic food webs: a review of fossil evidence. The Scientific Palaeoart of Dr Mark Witton 2018-03-17T04:00:00Z Looking at depictions of Mesozoic ecosystems, sometimes it's easy to believe that the food web in the heyday of the terrible lizards only included carnivorous dinosaurs, herbivorous dinosaurs, and plants. Paleo Profile: The Chimera Spider 2018-02-19T05:00:00Z “It's the first direct evidence of bipedal locomotion in lizards for the entire Mesozoic,” an era also known as the age of dinosaurs, says Tiago Simões, a University of Alberta paleontologist who reviewed the study. Fossil Footprints Are Oldest Traces of Lizards Running on Two Legs 2018-02-15T05:00:00Z In the article the authors say the team’s findings “counter hypotheses that dinosaur faunas of the African mainland were completely isolated” during the late Mesozoic period. Rare dinosaur discovery in Egypt could signal more finds 2018-02-06T05:00:00Z Tucker, a climate researcher, looks at the fossils and considers whether the planet is headed toward a repeat of the Mesozoic, when high levels of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere heated Earth. Spectacular dinosaur stomping grounds discovered just outside D.C. 2018-01-31T05:00:00Z This suggests that the expansion of the telencephalon was already completed shortly after the Mesozoic, and that the development of the Wulst formed a new phase in avian brain development. Why 'bird-brained' may not be such an insult after all 2018-01-18T05:00:00Z The mass extinctions marked the end of the Mesozoic Era and the beginning of the Cenozoic, which continues today. Ancient Penguins Were Giant Waddling Predators 2017-12-12T05:00:00Z This time period preceded the biggest mass extinction of all time, which cleared a path for the evolution of the iconic Mesozoic reptiles: the dinosaurs, and marine and flying reptiles. Why are Palaeontologists suing Trump? | Elsa Panciroli 2017-12-13T05:00:00Z Grand Staircase’s Kaiparowits Plateau ranks as one of the most important examples of the Mesozoic Era, when dinosaurs roamed the area, according to David Polly, president of the Society of Vertebrate Paleontology. Trump shrinks two huge national monuments in Utah, drawing praise and protests 2017-12-04T05:00:00Z Gliding is a distinctive locomotion type that has been identified in only three mammal species from the Mesozoic era. A Jurassic gliding euharamiyidan mammal with an ear of five auditory bones 2017-11-12T05:00:00Z The paleontologist choreographing their work is Alan Titus, who in his spare time plays electric guitar in a rock band called Mesozoic. Trump's push for coal mining will endanger dinosaur discoveries in Utah, scientists fear 2017-10-26T04:00:00Z The fossil was found inside rocks from the Mesozoic Era, which ran between 252 and 66 million years ago, in the Kutch desert. Ichthyosaur fossil discovered in India 2017-10-25T04:00:00Z The completeness of the fossil record of plesiosaurs, marine reptiles from the Mesozoic. Just How Good Is the Plesiosaur Fossil Record? 2017-10-14T04:00:00Z In a study published Wednesday, a team of paleontologists added some particularly fascinating new creatures to the Mesozoic Menagerie. In the Age of Dinosaurs, mammals took to the skies 2017-08-11T04:00:00Z Meng, J. Mesozoic mammals of China: implications for phylogeny and early evolution of mammals. A Jurassic gliding euharamiyidan mammal with an ear of five auditory bones 2017-11-12T05:00:00Z In a study published on Wednesday, a team of paleontologists added some particularly fascinating new creatures to the Mesozoic Menagerie. When Dinosaurs Ruled the Earth, Mammals Took to the Skies 2017-08-09T04:00:00Z The idea that we might discover intact Mesozoic animals preserved in amber once seemed like a pipe dream. Fossils We Want To Find 2017-07-23T04:00:00Z By contrast, the dinosaurs that have best captured the public imagination — well-known species like the Tyrannosaurus rex, the triceratops and the velociraptor — lived during the Mesozoic Era, which ended about 66 million years ago. A 9-Year-Old Tripped, Fell and Discovered a Million-Year-Old Fossil 2017-07-19T04:00:00Z And if this is right, the Mesozoic may have been gorier than traditionally depicted. Nothing but the Tooth 2017-07-15T04:00:00Z From this, they examined rates and patterns of diversification of species and discovered that most modern frog groups didn’t originate in the Mesozoic, as once thought. Extinction that killed the dinosaurs may have led to frog explosion 2017-07-03T04:00:00Z What they’ve found doesn’t conclusively solve the Mesozoic murder mystery, but it refines the setting where the inscrutable events took place. The Making of an Allosaurus Graveyard 2017-06-25T04:00:00Z An unusual find from Germany is a reminder of calmer Mesozoic moments. What a Drag 2017-06-10T04:00:00Z Like the striations in a Mesozoic rock, the accumulated word hoard of English reflects successive upheavals: Roman invasion, seasonal Danish incursion, varieties of Anglo-Saxon terror, and finally Norman conquest. The 100 best nonfiction books: No 65 – Thesaurus by Dr Peter Mark Roget (1852) 2017-05-01T04:00:00Z And I expect it would have been much the same in the Mesozoic. Nothing but the Tooth 2017-07-15T04:00:00Z The sparse fossil record of Mesozoic Neornithes does little to clear things up. Happy feet: why a 61m-year-old penguin foot has researchers dancing for joy 2017-04-05T04:00:00Z As readers, we blow past the details of subjects in which we are inexpert, and don’t care if hominins get confused with hominids or the Jurassic with the Mesozoic. Are Liberals on the Wrong Side of History? 2017-03-13T04:00:00Z There is also the issue of amplification, dating from an era—practically Mesozoic, by today’s standards—when the hi-fi was lo. Ron Howard’s Crowdsourced Beatles History 2016-09-16T04:00:00Z Imagine sunrise on the last day of the Mesozoic era, 66 million years ago. Here’s What Happened the Day the Dinosaurs Died 2016-06-11T04:00:00Z Paleontologists Dave Hone and Oliver Rauhut highlighted that this would be a way the predators of the Mesozoic acted much the same way as modern mammalian carnivores. Nothing but the Tooth 2017-07-15T04:00:00Z The specimen is the first example of a Mesozoic mammal with fossilised soft tissues in the thorax and abdomen. Prehistoric rat-like mammal fossil is earliest showing fur, skin and organs 2015-10-14T04:00:00Z Experts not involved in the study say it's highly unusual to find a complete skeleton of a Mesozoic animal with its hairs fully preserved. This prehistoric animal was like a cross between a hedgehog and an anteater 2015-10-14T04:00:00Z The evidence presented in this study indicates that the warm Cretaceous climate did in fact impact the diversity and distribution of Mesozoic turtles. Dramatic Cretaceous Greenhouse Conditions Allowed Turtles To Inch Towards Higher Latitudes 2015-08-03T04:00:00Z When thinking about the rise of mammals, the general pervasive notion is that during the Mesozoic era, while early mammals were coexisting with dinosaurs, most of the mammals resembled small, rat-like insectivores. Early Mammals Had An Explosive Evolutionary Burst During The Jurassic 2015-07-21T04:00:00Z Drumheller itself, not surprisingly, is an absolute monument to Mesozoic chic. The town where dinosaurs and Jesus mingle - BBC News 2015-06-13T04:00:00Z Hopefully, like in this case, new fossil finds will allow paleontologists to better understand the evolution of dinosaurs and other vertebrate groups during this time in the Mesozoic. Oldest UK Sauropod Dinosaur Discovered on Yorkshire Beach 2015-06-01T04:00:00Z Ward says that when dinosaurs first evolved during the Mesozoic — the era spanning some 250 to 65 million years ago — Earth’s atmospheric oxygen levels were much too low for large brains to have developed. Why Dinosaurs Would Have Never Built Spaceships 2015-05-31T04:00:00Z If paleontologists want to study trends of speciation and diversification during the Mesozoic, they usually look to the records of dinosaurs and mammals to describe evolutionary trends. Dramatic Cretaceous Greenhouse Conditions Allowed Turtles To Inch Towards Higher Latitudes 2015-08-03T04:00:00Z There are other small peaks of diversification seen throughout the Mesozoic but none of these are statistically significant when compared to the background noise of the analysis. Early Mammals Had An Explosive Evolutionary Burst During The Jurassic 2015-07-21T04:00:00Z He asks me what I think, and I readily agree that the experience of travelling on a zip wire over an assemblage of Mesozoic megafauna would indeed be a distinctive one. The town where dinosaurs and Jesus mingle - BBC News 2015-06-13T04:00:00Z A slice of Indian crust, topped by Paleozoic and Mesozoic sediments that had been deposited on the continental shelf, was thrust up onto the oncoming subcontinent. How The Deadly Nepal Earthquake Happened [Infographic] 2015-04-27T04:00:00Z “It’s great to finally find Mesozoic evidence of Osedax,” he says. Bone worms feasted on ancient sea monsters 2015-04-14T04:00:00Z Do trends in the species richness of chelonians over the Mesozoic correspond with any sort of climatic patterns? Dramatic Cretaceous Greenhouse Conditions Allowed Turtles To Inch Towards Higher Latitudes 2015-08-03T04:00:00Z "The two papers contribute substantially to the new picture of Mesozoic mammals as highly diversified," said Thomas Martin, a paleontologist at the University of Bonn in Germany. 2 Jurassic Mini-Mammals Discovered in China 2015-02-13T05:00:00Z The analysis found that Mesozoic eggs were elongated and significantly more symmetrical than all other bird eggs. Egg shape clue to bird survival 2014-11-05T05:00:00Z I have listened to autistic children confidently declaim about Pablo Picasso and the Mesozoic Era. Did a Son's Autism Drive a Woman to Murder? Even so, this analysis is a major step forwards in our understanding of sauropod evolution and ecology and how this group of enigmatic giants ate their way across the Mesozoic landscapes. Supersized dinosaurs divided up their dinner 2014-10-09T04:00:00Z Any chiefly terrestrial, herbivorous or carnivorous reptile of the extinct orders Saurischia and Ornithischia, from the Mesozoic Era, certain species of which are the largest known land animals. Dinosaurs, Pterosaurs And Other Saurs -- The Differences 2014-09-30T04:00:00Z Larson says she probably bit the Mesozoic dust in T. rex–on–T. rex combat. In the World of Big Lizards, Peter Larson is a Big Name Mesozoic bird eggshells were also more porous than expected for their size. Egg shape clue to bird survival 2014-11-05T05:00:00Z The original gene for fern neochrome—the gene that, in all probability, saved ferns from obscurity—formed in a Mesozoic hornwort and then somehow passed to a Mesozoic fern. Fern evolution: Time and chance 2014-04-14T15:19:24Z The animals lived 248 million years ago and are the earliest of the marine reptiles from the Mesozoic Era. Ancient reptile's birth fossilised 2014-02-13T10:09:50Z Avian wing proportions and flight styles: first step towards predicting the flight modes of Mesozoic birds. Bird behaviour, the ‘deep time’ perspective 2014-01-27T12:35:26Z It’s a dynamic that cycads could have evolved in partnership with dinosaurs as far back as their heyday in the Mesozoic. Are Cycads Social Plants? 2013-10-17T02:45:06.783Z "This implies that Mesozoic birds were doing something more akin to theropod-like ancestors than to modern birds," he said. Egg shape clue to bird survival 2014-11-05T05:00:00Z Multituberculates were successful herbivorous mammals and were more diverse and numerically abundant than any other mammal groups in Mesozoic ecosystems. [Report] Earliest Evolution of Multituberculate Mammals Revealed by a New Jurassic Fossil 2013-08-15T17:57:30.933Z Mesozoic dinosaurs of several lineages famously possessed horns, frills, bony bosses, crests, frills, blah blah blah – you’ve heard all this a million times before. Dinosaurs and their exaggerated structures : species recognition aids, or sexual display devices? 2013-04-22T01:15:00.783Z This lot crashed on this uncharted, un-terra-formed slag heap, and you may as well have landed in the Mesozoic.” Canopy of skulls 2013-03-06T18:22:02.177Z We certainly assume that things were like this in the Mesozoic, but we can’t always know that they were. A new azhdarchid pterosaur: the view from Europe becomes ever more interesting 2013-01-31T14:15:08.667Z Of the other major Mesozoic marine reptile groups, what about ichthyosaurs? Plesiosaurs and the repeated invasion of freshwater habitats: late-surviving relicts or evolutionary novelties? 2013-01-10T01:15:00.203Z With all of this in mind, we included claw data from various Mesozoic birds and other theropods in our analysis. Did Velociraptor and Archaeopteryx climb trees? Claws and climbing in birds and other dinosaurs 2012-12-18T12:45:00.183Z It is the contention of some that the fielred of Mesozoic reptile research is plagued with bizarre hypotheses. Junk in the trunk: why sauropod dinosaurs did not possess trunks (redux, 2012) 2012-11-20T14:15:00.200Z In this article I want to briefly – yes, very, very briefly – rattle through the mostly marine, mostly long-snouted crocodyliforms that shared the Mesozoic seas with such other non-dinosaurs as the ichthyosaurs and plesiosaurs. Awesome sea-going crocodyliforms of the Mesozoic 2012-10-10T02:45:09.060Z The volume is not, in fact, devoted to the evolutionary transition between non-avialan dinosaurs and birds, nor to the diversity and evolution of Mesozoic birds; just three of the volume’s articles cover these issues. Dyke & Kaiser s Living Dinosaurs: the Evolutionary History of Modern Birds 2012-08-27T00:45:02.620Z While it’s nice to speculate – and so far that’s all I’ve done here – how might we test the idea that these Mesozoic taxa were using their unusual rostral teeth to preen with? The war on parasites: the pigeon's eye view, the oviraptorosaur's eye view 2012-08-23T14:45:02.890Z Pedal claw curvature in birds, lizards and Mesozoic dinosaurs – complicated categories and compensating for mass-specific and phylogenetic control. Did Velociraptor and Archaeopteryx climb trees? Claws and climbing in birds and other dinosaurs 2012-12-18T12:45:00.183Z The study of Mesozoic archosaurs – dinosaurs and pterosaurs in particular – attracts a great many interesting people who might best be considered ‘outside’ the normal, academic community. Why the world has to ignore ReptileEvolution.com 2012-07-04T11:45:05.397Z It’s well known in particular that this was true of the Mesozoic seas. Awesome sea-going crocodyliforms of the Mesozoic 2012-10-10T02:45:09.060Z O’Connor .’s lengthy review of Mesozoic bird taxa is thorough and extremely well illustrated; the chapter is further useful in providing a large cladistic analysis. Dyke & Kaiser s Living Dinosaurs: the Evolutionary History of Modern Birds 2012-08-27T00:45:02.620Z When we start looking at some of the more unusual Mesozoic birds groups, we see marked specialisation of the rostral-most dentition. The war on parasites: the pigeon's eye view, the oviraptorosaur's eye view 2012-08-23T14:45:02.890Z On the one hand, some people want Mesozoic birds to be tree-dwellers because they argue that bird flight, and birds themselves, must have arisen in an arboreal setting. Did Velociraptor and Archaeopteryx climb trees? Claws and climbing in birds and other dinosaurs 2012-12-18T12:45:00.183Z But what else do we know about reproductive behaviour in Mesozoic birds? A drowned nesting colony of Late Cretaceous birds 2012-05-15T16:15:03.013Z Indeed, throughout the whole of the Mesozoic era — from 250 million to 65 million years ago — diversity within dinosaur species was known to fluctuate quite a bit. Dinosaur Extinction Mystery: The Asteroid Didn't Act Alone 2012-05-03T11:00:00Z Why are there birds?’ – discusses how atmospheric composition might have contributed to Mesozoic dinosaur evolution. Dyke & Kaiser s Living Dinosaurs: the Evolutionary History of Modern Birds 2012-08-27T00:45:02.620Z If I did, I’d write about the various new Cretaceous fleas and other parasitic or possibly parasitic arthropods since reported from the Mesozoic fossil record. The war on parasites: the pigeon's eye view, the oviraptorosaur's eye view 2012-08-23T14:45:02.890Z There are no woodpecker or treecreeper analogues among Mesozoic dinosaurs, for example… at least, not yet. Did Velociraptor and Archaeopteryx climb trees? Claws and climbing in birds and other dinosaurs 2012-12-18T12:45:00.183Z And most of the other things you might ask about reproductive behaviour in Mesozoic birds remain unknown and often based on inference. A drowned nesting colony of Late Cretaceous birds 2012-05-15T16:15:03.013Z None of the groups of existing Endopterygota have been traced with certainty farther back than the Mesozoic epoch, and all the numerous Palaeozoic insect-fossils seem to belong to forms that possessed only imperfect metamorphosis. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 13, Slice 4 "Hero" to "Hindu Chronology" 2012-04-04T02:00:56.447Z An interesting area no doubt, especially since improved knowledge of dinosaurian pneumaticity and the Mesozoic atmosphere have both inspired many to ask questions about the same topic. Dyke & Kaiser s Living Dinosaurs: the Evolutionary History of Modern Birds 2012-08-27T00:45:02.620Z This just isn’t possible in Mesozoic animals when so little is known of their ecology. The war on parasites: the pigeon's eye view, the oviraptorosaur's eye view 2012-08-23T14:45:02.890Z Climbing, perching and ground-running Mesozoic birds and other theropods Flexion in the foot of Deinonychus as reconstructed by Fowler et al. Did Velociraptor and Archaeopteryx climb trees? Claws and climbing in birds and other dinosaurs 2012-12-18T12:45:00.183Z Given that Mesozoic birds were diverse in terms of body size and shape, and in ecology, they would presumably have been diverse in reproductive biology, just as modern birds are. A drowned nesting colony of Late Cretaceous birds 2012-05-15T16:15:03.013Z From early Palaeozoic times the peninsula of India has been dry land, a part, indeed, of a great continent which in Mesozoic times extended across the Indian Ocean towards South Africa. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 13, Slice 4 "Hero" to "Hindu Chronology" 2012-04-04T02:00:56.447Z However, it looks unlikely that their data on dinosaur diversity across the Mesozoic is fine-scale enough to reliably support these suggestions. Dyke & Kaiser s Living Dinosaurs: the Evolutionary History of Modern Birds 2012-08-27T00:45:02.620Z But I don’t think anyone’s really married data on Mesozoic birds and other theropods with the new work of Dale Clayton and colleagues on ectoparasite control in extant birds. The war on parasites: the pigeon's eye view, the oviraptorosaur's eye view 2012-08-23T14:45:02.890Z There are many genera and species, and all are extinct, the typical forms having existed only in the Mesozoic age, when they were exceedingly numerous. Webster's Unabridged Dictionary 2012-03-24T02:00:23.513Z Several exclusively Mesozoic bird lineages, enantiornithines among them, fit within this phylogenetic bracket. A drowned nesting colony of Late Cretaceous birds 2012-05-15T16:15:03.013Z The northern zone is the Tibetan, in which fossiliferous beds of Palaeozoic and Mesozoic age are largely developed—excepting in the north-west no such rocks are known on the southern flanks. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 13, Slice 4 "Hero" to "Hindu Chronology" 2012-04-04T02:00:56.447Z Geology.—The hilly regions of Transylvania and of the northern part of Hungary consist of Palaeozoic and Mesozoic rocks and are closely connected, both in structure and origin, with the Carpathian chain. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 13, Slice 8 "Hudson River" to "Hurstmonceaux" 2012-02-24T03:00:27.173Z New Early Cretaceous fossil from China documents a novel trophic specialization for Mesozoic birds. The war on parasites: the pigeon's eye view, the oviraptorosaur's eye view 2012-08-23T14:45:02.890Z An extensive group of fossil cephalopods often very abundant in Mesozoic rocks. Webster's Unabridged Dictionary 2012-03-24T02:00:23.513Z Like modern birds, and like their close relatives among the theropod dinosaurs, the birds of the Mesozoic Era laid eggs and, we reasonably infer, made nests. A drowned nesting colony of Late Cretaceous birds 2012-05-15T16:15:03.013Z With the dawn of the Mesozoic epoch we reach Hexapods that can be unhesitatingly referred to existing orders. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 13, Slice 4 "Hero" to "Hindu Chronology" 2012-04-04T02:00:56.447Z Why were elaborate cranial ornaments so diverse and so widespread in pterosaurs and Mesozoic dinosaurs? Did dinosaurs and pterosaurs practise mutual sexual selection? 2012-01-05T15:45:07.957Z Mesozoic marine tetrapod diversity: mass extinctions and temporal heterogeneity in geological megabiases affecting vertebrates. Rigid Swimmer and the Cretaceous Ichthyosaur Revolution (part I) 2012-01-03T23:45:00.273Z The Mesozoic or Secondary age, or age of Reptiles, when reptiles prevailed in great numbers and of vast size. Webster's Unabridged Dictionary 2012-03-24T02:00:23.513Z It shows, for the first time, that some Mesozoic bird species – only distantly related to modern birds – formed enormous breeding colonies. A drowned nesting colony of Late Cretaceous birds 2012-05-15T16:15:03.013Z It is logical to use these proportions as prior probabilities by making a uniformitarian assumption that they were similar in the Mesozoic. [Technical Response] Response to Comment on ?Nocturnality in Dinosaurs Inferred from Scleral Ring and Orbit Morphology? 2011-12-22T19:25:34.843Z Horns, hornlets, bosses, twin ridges and other structures decorate the skulls of various ornithischians and Mesozoic theropods, various pterosaurs possess sail-like crests, there are the thick skull domes of pachycephalosaurs, and so on. Did dinosaurs and pterosaurs practise mutual sexual selection? 2012-01-05T15:45:07.957Z Indeed, the Mesozoic archosaurs sampled lived across some 160 million years and did not constitute a single, coeval fauna. [Technical Comment] Comment on ?Nocturnality in Dinosaurs Inferred from Scleral Ring and Orbit Morphology? 2011-12-22T19:25:32.243Z Triassic fossils have been found in the Olonos Limestone and it is almost certain that other Mesozoic horizons are represented. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 12, Slice 4 "Grasshopper" to "Greek Language" 2011-11-28T03:00:19.517Z Did Mesozoic birds nest as lone individuals, in groups, or in colonies? A drowned nesting colony of Late Cretaceous birds 2012-05-15T16:15:03.013Z Hall . observe that many Mesozoic archosaurs plot outside the extant saurian morphospace, especially along discriminant axis 2, and state that it may be impossible to infer diel activity patterns. [Technical Response] Response to Comment on ?Nocturnality in Dinosaurs Inferred from Scleral Ring and Orbit Morphology? 2011-12-22T19:25:34.843Z Yes, vice versa could apply but – since female showiness is rarer in the modern world than male showiness – it seems reasonable to assume that this was the case in the Mesozoic world as well. Did dinosaurs and pterosaurs practise mutual sexual selection? 2012-01-05T15:45:07.957Z These fossils were chosen because they preserve relevant osteological structures and were neither sampled randomly through time nor selected to capture the range of known Mesozoic ecomorphologies. [Technical Comment] Comment on ?Nocturnality in Dinosaurs Inferred from Scleral Ring and Orbit Morphology? 2011-12-22T19:25:32.243Z For example, the profound crustal changes at the end of the Mesozoic were not accompanied by widespread glaciation so far as is yet known, although the temperature appears to have been lowered. Climatic Changes Their Nature and Causes 2011-10-28T02:00:24.840Z Had she been a dinosaurian making Mesozoic footprints, I could not have been more fearful. Atlantic Classics 2011-10-16T02:00:18.497Z Subsequent submergences and uplifts appear to have occurred during the Mesozoic periods. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 11, Slice 6 "Geodesy" to "Geometry" 2011-09-19T02:00:10.473Z Does our proposal provide an answer to the prevalence and repeated evolution of cranial crests in Mesozoic ornithodirans? Did dinosaurs and pterosaurs practise mutual sexual selection? 2012-01-05T15:45:07.957Z Regardless, no theoretical or empirical justifications are provided for the assertion that Mesozoic amniote activity patterns should conform to those of extant amniotes. [Technical Comment] Comment on ?Nocturnality in Dinosaurs Inferred from Scleral Ring and Orbit Morphology? 2011-12-22T19:25:32.243Z Nevertheless, both at the end of the Mesozoic and in the Miocene the climate may possibly have been severe for a time, although the record is lost. Climatic Changes Their Nature and Causes 2011-10-28T02:00:24.840Z For footprints in the Mesozoic mud, or in the sands of time, were as nothing to me when compared with fresh turtle eggs in the sands of this pond. Atlantic Classics 2011-10-16T02:00:18.497Z During the heyday of the Jurassic dinosaurs, our own ancestors were just getting their start in the dark corners of the Mesozoic world. 'Jurassic Mother' Found in China 2011-08-24T18:02:00Z These are really exciting times for anyone interested in sexual selection, ontogeny and reproductive biology in Mesozoic archosaurs. Did dinosaurs and pterosaurs practise mutual sexual selection? 2012-01-05T15:45:07.957Z The Mesozoic or Secondary rocks embrace a series of limestone, clays, sands, and sandstones that on the whole are well consolidated. Sea-Weeds, Shells and Fossils 2011-08-20T02:00:11.557Z The belt must have been still wider when Gondwana Land was large, as it is believed to have been during the Paleozoic era and the early Mesozoic. Climatic Changes Their Nature and Causes 2011-10-28T02:00:24.840Z They were characteristic of the Later Mesozoic, more especially of the Cretaceous period, and must have been formidable enemies to the fishes of their time. The Chain of Life in Geological Time A Sketch of the Origin and Succession of Animals and Plants 2011-06-01T02:00:24.880Z In France, as in Great Britain, volcanic eruptions occurred during several of the Palaeozoic periods, but during the Mesozoic era the country was free from outbursts, except in the regions of the Alps and Pyrenees. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 10, Slice 7 "Fox, George" to "France" 2011-05-15T02:00:07.897Z For previous Tet Zoo articles on the reproductive and social behaviour of Mesozoic dinosaurs and pterosaurs, please see… Amundsen, T. 2000. Did dinosaurs and pterosaurs practise mutual sexual selection? 2012-01-05T15:45:07.957Z Over 100 million years ago, the understory of late Mesozoic forests was dominated by a diverse group of plants of the class Equisetopsida. Newly Discovered Plant Fossil Reveals More Than Age 2011-05-06T16:37:00Z This would not mean glaciation in high latitudes, however, even when the lands were widespread as in the Mesozoic and early Tertiary. Climatic Changes Their Nature and Causes 2011-10-28T02:00:24.840Z First, that between the Dinosaurs and the ostrich tribe,69 and, secondly, that between the Pterodactyls and 179their allies, and the peculiar Mesozoic birds, such as Archæopteryx. The Chain of Life in Geological Time A Sketch of the Origin and Succession of Animals and Plants 2011-06-01T02:00:24.880Z These considerations lead to the suggestion that rocks metamorphosed in pre-Cambrian time, for example, would be apt to be more complex than those of Mesozoic date. North America 2011-05-05T02:00:20.027Z The Grizzlies won their first playoff game since they beat the T. rexes in the Mesozoic era. Leading Off: For the N.B.A. Playoffs, Go West Young Fan 2011-04-18T16:07:12Z They occupied a position in the Mesozoic oceans similar to that of modern squid. Palaeontology: Remember the tooth 2011-04-14T10:51:41Z The whole idea of dragons may have originated from traditions about the pterodactyls which lived in the Mesozoic period. The New Gresham Encyclopedia Volume 4, Part 1: Deposition to Eberswalde 2011-04-14T02:00:57.977Z The last and some of the greatest of the Mesozoic Saurians have their burial-places in the Upper Cretaceous, and appear no more on earth. The Chain of Life in Geological Time A Sketch of the Origin and Succession of Animals and Plants 2011-06-01T02:00:24.880Z Mesozoic rocks of Colorado, Wyoming, etc., are also rich in the concentrated hydrocarbon referred to, and on the Pacific coast, particularly in California, rocks of Cenozoic age are highly productive. North America 2011-05-05T02:00:20.027Z Even in the Mesozoic era, there were only 24 hours in a day. Giants Who Scarfed Down Fast-Food Feasts 2011-04-11T19:38:35Z The combination of the dismal weather and baseball seasons lasting longer than the Mesozoic era means they start in winter and end in winter. Bats: Leading Off: First Pitch, 30 Degrees 2011-03-31T15:34:01Z Paleozoic means "ancient life;" Mesozoic, "middle life;" Cenozoic, "recent life." Famous Men of Science 2011-03-08T03:00:49.717Z On entering the Mesozoic, No. 3187 becomes somewhat diminished, but No. 4 continues with unabated prevalence, so that the Mesozoic has sometimes been characterized as emphatically the age of Gymnosperms. The Chain of Life in Geological Time A Sketch of the Origin and Succession of Animals and Plants 2011-06-01T02:00:24.880Z Another highly valuable field of Mesozoic coal is now being extensively worked on Vancouver Island. North America 2011-05-05T02:00:20.027Z Then the investigators found no evidence that availability of food and the physical and chemical conditions in the Mesozoic era were sufficiently different to have accounted for sauropod gigantism. Giants Who Scarfed Down Fast-Food Feasts 2011-04-11T19:38:35Z IN a few paragraphs a picture of the lush vegetation and swarming reptiles of that first great summer of life, the Mesozoic period, has been sketched. A Short History of the World 2011-03-04T03:01:03.147Z In many other regions, the great gap which separates the Tertiary from the Mesozoic rocks in the neighbourhood of London and Paris does not exist, and the boundary line is difficult to draw. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 9, Slice 6 "English Language" to "Epsom Salts" 2011-02-19T03:00:59.807Z The Marsupials appear in the Trias, near the beginning of the Mesozoic period. The Chain of Life in Geological Time A Sketch of the Origin and Succession of Animals and Plants 2011-06-01T02:00:24.880Z The Park and Stony Mountains were upraised at the close of the Mesozoic era, and later came the Sierra Nevada and Cascades, followed by the Coast Ranges. North America 2011-05-05T02:00:20.027Z Carson Palmer seemed to be laying claim to that distinction when he led the Bengals to their first playoff appearance since the Mesozoic period. The Fifth Down: Who's No. 3? Roethlisberger or Rodgers? 2011-01-22T15:00:39Z Without exception they are creatures requiring warmth all the year round; they cannot stand exposure to cold, and it is probable that all the reptilian beings of the Mesozoic suffered under the same limitation. A Short History of the World 2011-03-04T03:01:03.147Z Pterosaurs, also sometimes referred to as pterodactyls, dominated the skies in the Mesozoic Era, 220-65 million years ago. 160m-year-old pterosaur fossil found 2011-01-21T01:58:05Z We should thus have both placental and Marsupial mammals in the Mesozoic. The Chain of Life in Geological Time A Sketch of the Origin and Succession of Animals and Plants 2011-06-01T02:00:24.880Z While the Mesozoic era was emphatically the age of reptiles, the coming of a more highly developed fauna was foreshadowed. North America 2011-05-05T02:00:20.027Z Ammonites, a group of squid-like animals that lived in buoyant, air-filled spiral shells, dominated the seas of the Mesozoic era. Palaeontology: The last supper 2011-01-06T14:29:26Z The differences between the life of the Cainozoic and Mesozoic periods are far profounder than the resemblances. A Short History of the World 2011-03-04T03:01:03.147Z Most palaeontologists agree that those creatures and much of the rest of Mesozoic life ended when the Earth collided with an asteroid or a comet 65m years ago. How life recovers from mass extinctions: Dead-ammonite bounce 2010-07-05T07:48:00Z A modern Australian marsupial, allied to Mesozoic species. The Chain of Life in Geological Time A Sketch of the Origin and Succession of Animals and Plants 2011-06-01T02:00:24.880Z Bird life was represented, and the skeletons of reptilian birds, or birds with teeth like those of reptiles, have been discovered in the Mesozoic rocks of Kansas. North America 2011-05-05T02:00:20.027Z Triassic, Jurassic and Cretaceous beds form a band south of the Sea of Marmora, probably the continuation of the Mesozoic band of the Black Sea coast. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 2, Slice 7 "Arundel, Thomas" to "Athens" Such was the predominant land life throughout the Mesozoic age. A Short History of the World 2011-03-04T03:01:03.147Z But the Mesozoic, too, began with a mass extinction. How life recovers from mass extinctions: Dead-ammonite bounce 2010-07-05T07:48:00Z The Eocene mammals, like the Carboniferous amphibians, the Mesozoic reptiles, and the Cretaceous forests, appear to spring full-grown from the earth, and this at nearly the same time in every part of the northern hemisphere. The Chain of Life in Geological Time A Sketch of the Origin and Succession of Animals and Plants 2011-06-01T02:00:24.880Z Extensive fields of valuable coal of Mesozoic age, principally in the Laramie system, occur in New Mexico, Colorado, Wyoming, Montana, and still farther north along the same great belt in Canada. North America 2011-05-05T02:00:20.027Z In the south, in Syria, Arabia and the peninsula of India, none but the oldest rocks are folded, and the Upper Palaeozoic, the Mesozoic and the Tertiary beds lie almost horizontally upon them. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 2, Slice 7 "Arundel, Thomas" to "Athens" Nevertheless birds were neither varied nor abundant in Mesozoic times. A Short History of the World 2011-03-04T03:01:03.147Z The survivors regrouped, re-evolved and turned into the Mesozoic species that led eventually to the dinosaurs, pterosaurs, ammonites and belemnites that generations of fossil hunters are familiar with. How life recovers from mass extinctions: Dead-ammonite bounce 2010-07-05T07:48:00Z Taking the whole time since the beginning of the Cambrian as forty-eight millions of years, we should thus have for the Palæozoic thirty-six millions, for the Mesozoic nine, and for the Tertiary three. The Chain of Life in Geological Time A Sketch of the Origin and Succession of Animals and Plants 2011-06-01T02:00:24.880Z In fact, some of the metamorphosed rocks of North America, as certain gneisses, schists, etc., of the Sierra Nevada and Cascade Mountains, are known to be of Mesozoic and even Cenozoic age. North America 2011-05-05T02:00:20.027Z Freshwater and terrestrial deposits of Mesozoic age occur in many places, and the conclusion is irresistible that the greater part of this area has been land since the close of the Palaeozoic era. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 2, Slice 7 "Arundel, Thomas" to "Athens" Both birds and mammals would have seemed very eccentric and secondary and unimportant creatures in Mesozoic times. A Short History of the World 2011-03-04T03:01:03.147Z Along the northern margin lies the intensely folded belt which constitutes the coalfield of Namur, and, beneath the overlying Mesozoic beds, is continued to the Boulonnais, Dover and beyond. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 2, Slice 5 "Arculf" to "Armour, Philip" The Crinoids culminate in the Mesozoic, and are not known to give origin to anything higher. The Chain of Life in Geological Time A Sketch of the Origin and Succession of Animals and Plants 2011-06-01T02:00:24.880Z Extensive deposits of Mesozoic and Cenozoic sandstones occur throughout the Pacific mountains, and afford a practically unlimited supply of good building material, which as yet has been but little utilized. North America 2011-05-05T02:00:20.027Z Between these ancient land masses lies an area in which marine deposits of Mesozoic age are well developed and which was evidently beneath the sea during the greater part of the Mesozoic era. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 2, Slice 7 "Arundel, Thomas" to "Athens" The Ammonites for example in these last pages of the Mesozoic chapter exhibit a multitude of fantastic forms. A Short History of the World 2011-03-04T03:01:03.147Z As far west, therefore, as the Cordillera, there is no evidence that any part of the region was ever beneath the sea in Mesozoic times, and the plant-remains indicate a land connexion with Africa. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 2, Slice 5 "Arculf" to "Armour, Philip" Perhaps the most extraordinary of all the Mesozoic modifications of the reptilian type was that of the flying reptiles, or 170 171 Pterodactyls. The Chain of Life in Geological Time A Sketch of the Origin and Succession of Animals and Plants 2011-06-01T02:00:24.880Z In Louisiana, Texas, Utah, and other States, salt and gypsum occur in Mesozoic and Cenozoic rocks. North America 2011-05-05T02:00:20.027Z Here again there are no marine beds of Mesozoic or Tertiary age, while plant-bearing deposits belonging to the Angara series are known. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 2, Slice 7 "Arundel, Thomas" to "Athens" The Apennines, indeed, consist almost entirely of Mesozoic and Tertiary beds, like the outer zones of the Alps. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 2, Slice 2 "Anjar" to "Apollo" Then follow the Primary era, or, as it is generally called, the Palæozoic; the Secondary or Mesozoic; and the Tertiary or Kainozoic. The Geological Story of the Isle of Wight Those great reptilian lords, the biped Saurians of the Mesozoic, already foreshadowed his erect posture, though their limbs may have been more ornithic than mammalian. The Chain of Life in Geological Time A Sketch of the Origin and Succession of Animals and Plants 2011-06-01T02:00:24.880Z The only Mesozoic system which is represented in Brazil by marine beds is the Cretaceous, and the marine facies, is restricted to the coasts and the basin of the Amazon. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 4, Slice 4 "Bradford, William" to "Brequigny, Louis" Between India and China there is a broad belt in which marine deposits of Mesozoic and Tertiary age are well developed. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 2, Slice 7 "Arundel, Thomas" to "Athens" On the Italian border of this land there was raised a mountain chain with an inner crystalline zone and an outer zone of Mesozoic and Tertiary beds. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 2, Slice 2 "Anjar" to "Apollo" Comanchian , that period of the Mesozoic era that gave rise to flowers and the higher insects. Unexplored! Had our time been that of the early Tertiary or early Mesozoic, our views as to the question of origin of species might have been very different. The Chain of Life in Geological Time A Sketch of the Origin and Succession of Animals and Plants 2011-06-01T02:00:24.880Z The Mesozoic series begins with sands and red or yellow clays containing plant remains and possibly of Triassic age; but the occurrence of these deposits is limited to a few small isolated outcrops. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 5, Slice 6 "Celtes, Konrad" to "Ceramics" North of the folded belt, and including the greater part of Siberia, Mongolia and northern China, lies another area which is, in general, free from any important folding of Mesozoic or Tertiary age. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 2, Slice 7 "Arundel, Thomas" to "Athens" In Calabria the chain consists chiefly of crystalline and schistose rocks; it is the Mesozoic and Tertiary zone which has here been sunk beneath the sea. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 2, Slice 2 "Anjar" to "Apollo" Cretaceous , that period of the Mesozoic era that gave rise to the primitive mammals. Unexplored! The northern Mesozoic zone is very much broader, and is thrown into simple folds like those of the Jura. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 5, Slice 5 "Cat" to "Celt" In the eastern Carpathians also, the Permian and Mesozoic beds are not much folded except near the outer margin of the zone. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 5, Slice 4 "Carnegie Andrew" to "Casus Belli" The mountain structures originated in three great orogenic periods, the earliest in the Archean, the second at the end of the Palaeozoic and the third at the end of the Mesozoic. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 5, Slice 2 "Camorra" to "Cape Colony" For the purposes of this report, the geologic history may be said to begin with the regional uplift which marked the close of the Mesozoic. Drainage Modifications and Glaciation in the Danbury Region Connecticut State of Connecticut State Geological and Natural History Survey Bulletin No. 30 Jurassic , that period of the Mesozoic era that gave rise to birds and flying reptiles. Unexplored! It may be added that, south of the central watershed, the strata, both Mesozoic and Palaeozoic, are compressed, crumpled, faulted and frequently overfolded, with their apices pointing to the south. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 5, Slice 5 "Cat" to "Celt" I would not too positively assert that the close of the fifth day accords precisely with that of the Mesozoic or secondary period. The Origin of the World According to Revelation and Science The Connecticut River Valley, with its red sandstones and shales of the Mesozoic Era, is famous among geologists, because it preserves the tracks of reptiles, insects, and crustaceans. Earth and Sky Every Child Should Know Easy studies of the earth and the stars for any time and place Dinosaurs from every period of the Mesozoic, primitive mammals all the way up the scale to the ancient cats the works. The Thing in the Attic Mesozoic coals are more abundant in the southern hemisphere, while Tertiary coals seem to be tolerably uniformly distributed irrespective of latitude. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 6, Slice 5 "Clervaux" to "Cockade" In the north both the Cretaceous and Tertiary beds of this zone are limited in extent, but towards the south Mesozoic beds, which are at least in part Cretaceous, form a band of considerable width. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 6, Slice 2 "Chicago, University of" to "Chiton" The Mesozoic period is, however, emphatically the age of reptiles. The Origin of the World According to Revelation and Science These were the ancestors of the reptiles, which became the rulers of land and sea during the Mesozoic Era. Earth and Sky Every Child Should Know Easy studies of the earth and the stars for any time and place In a large part of the geographic range of E. q. hopiensis there are numerous, massive outcrops of Mesozoic sandstones, which tend to form cliffs, that are brightly colored with many shades of red. Taxonomy of the Chipmunks, Eutamias quadrivittatus and Eutamias umbrinus But in this humble little creature of the Mesozoic, utterly insignificant beside the tremendous reptiles of the time, we discern the ancestor of the mammals. The Meaning of Evolution The fauna of the Mesozoic beds is very rich, and includes forms which are found in northern Europe, others which occur in central Europe, and others again which are characteristic of the Mediterranean region. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 6, Slice 2 "Chicago, University of" to "Chiton" We may add three times as much for the Mesozoic period, and this will be far under the truth. The Origin of the World According to Revelation and Science Numerous extinct species are characteristic of the Mesozoic rocks. Austral English A dictionary of Australasian words, phrases and usages with those aboriginal-Australian and Maori words which have become incorporated in the language, and the commoner scientific words that have had their origin in Australasia The multitude of kinds which we find in the Mesozoic period indicates that the life was in a state more experimental than that to which it has attained. Domesticated Animals Their Relation to Man and to his Advancement in Civilization The little molelike creatures, practically unnoticed between their feet in the later Mesozoic, have come to supplant them entirely, and almost to rival them in size. The Meaning of Evolution The Palaeozoic formations of China, excepting only the upper part of the Carboniferous system, are marine, while the Mesozoic and Tertiary deposits are estuarine and freshwater or else of terrestrial origin. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 6, Slice 2 "Chicago, University of" to "Chiton" It will then be quite safe to assume that the Palæozoic period was three times as long as the Mesozoic and Tertiary together. The Origin of the World According to Revelation and Science It is the only species of the genus, and is regarded as the most closely allied of all living marsupials to the extinct marsupials of the Mesozoic Age in Europe. Austral English A dictionary of Australasian words, phrases and usages with those aboriginal-Australian and Maori words which have become incorporated in the language, and the commoner scientific words that have had their origin in Australasia In Secondary, or Mesozoic, times, palms and some other monocotyledons appeared; but not till the Upper Cretaceous era do we meet with the principal classes and orders of the vegetable kingdom as now known. The World's Greatest Books — Volume 15 — Science If, as most geologists believe, the climate of the Mesozoic was distinctly warm, this habit of the parent of forsaking the egg was not a serious matter. The Meaning of Evolution Along the coast lies a belt of granite and schist overlaid unconformably by Cretaceous and Tertiary deposits; inland the mountains are formed chiefly of folded Mesozoic beds, together with volcanic rocks of later date. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 6, Slice 2 "Chicago, University of" to "Chiton" A third terminated the Mesozoic age, and introduced the Tertiary or Kainozoic. The Origin of the World According to Revelation and Science As it is desirable to designate this Mesozoic land by a name, I would propose that of Indo-Oceana. The Story of Atlantis and the Lost Lemuria Thus, just as we speak of the ancient, medi�val, and modern history of mankind, so we may speak of Pal�ozoic, Mesozoic and Cenozoic eras in the history of the earth as a whole. The Outline of Science, Vol. 1 (of 4) A Plain Story Simply Told Mammals are descended from the reptiles of the Mesozoic, and whatever peculiarities there may be in their method of producing their young must be derived from the reptiles. The Meaning of Evolution The Mesozoic beds are thrown into a series of parallel folds which run in the direction of the chain and which are generally free from any complications such as overthrusting or overfolding. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 6, Slice 2 "Chicago, University of" to "Chiton" In connection with this, earlier organic forms often appear to foreshadow and predict others that are to succeed them in time, as the winged and marine reptiles of the Mesozoic foreshadow the birds and cetaceans. The Origin of the World According to Revelation and Science From this it would appear that a considerable part of the Malay peninsula must have been occupied by the sea during the greater part of the Mesozoic and Eocene periods. The Story of Atlantis and the Lost Lemuria Perhaps thirty million years must be allotted to the Pre-Cambrian eras, eighteen to the Pal�ozoic, nine to the Mesozoic, three to the Cenozoic, making a grand total of sixty millions. The Outline of Science, Vol. 1 (of 4) A Plain Story Simply Told These lines, in the case of the elk and of the Mesozoic reptiles, developed too far, but ordinarily the effect of such a tendency is distinctly beneficial to the animal. The Meaning of Evolution Through the Mesozoic beds are intruded granitic and other igneous rocks of Tertiary age, and upon the folded Mesozoic foundation rise the volcanic cones of Tertiary and later date. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 6, Slice 2 "Chicago, University of" to "Chiton" The chief geological formations of Buru are crystalline slate near the north coast, and more to the south Mesozoic sandstone and chalk, deposits of rare occurrence in the archipelago. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 4, Part 4 "Bulgaria" to "Calgary" The huge size of some of these Mesozoic beasts of prey finds no parallel among their modern analogues. Dinosaurs With Special Reference to the American Museum Collections With this was associated a waning of the Carboniferous flora, and the appearance of a new one, consisting of ferns, conifers, ginkgos, and cycads, which persisted until near the end of the Mesozoic era. The Outline of Science, Vol. 1 (of 4) A Plain Story Simply Told With the beginning of the Mesozoic, or "middle life" period, a change and a progression comes over the animal world. The Meaning of Evolution During that carnival of monstrous and gigantic forms in Mesozoic time the ancestor of man was probably some small and insignificant creature whose life was constantly imperiled by the huge beasts about it. The Breath of Life Above these, in the western Balkans, are Mesozoic deposits, from the Trias to the upper Jurassic, also occurring in the central part of the range. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 4, Part 4 "Bulgaria" to "Calgary" The great land and sea reptiles of the Mesozoic period, for instance, seem to have been as secure as humanity is now in their pre-eminence. Certain Personal Matters In a broad way the Mesozoic era corresponds with the Golden Age of reptiles, and with the climax of the Conifer and Cycad flora, which was established in the Permian. The Outline of Science, Vol. 1 (of 4) A Plain Story Simply Told It would seem as if, in the earlier times of the Mesozoic, this same change of habit had been going on. The Meaning of Evolution Next, he turned to the extinct reptiles of the Mesozoic age. Thomas Henry Huxley; A Sketch Of His Life And Work Assyria embraced a chalk plateau of the later Mesozoic period, with tertiary deposits, and had an extremely limited area suitable for agricultural pursuits. Myths of Babylonia and Assyria Again, the ancient and modern volcanoes and earthquakes of Europe are associated with the geosyncline of the greater Mediterranean, the Tethys of Mesozoic times. The Birth-Time of the World and Other Scientific Essays Besides Turtles which still persist, there were Ichthyosaurs, Plesiosaurs, Dinosaurs, and Pterosaurs, none of which lasted beyond the Mesozoic era. The Outline of Science, Vol. 1 (of 4) A Plain Story Simply Told However the creatures arose, it is certain that in this Mesozoic age reptiles roamed the forests, swam the seas, and even flew in the air. The Meaning of Evolution The remains of these animals occur throughout the series of Mesozoic formations, from the Trias to the Chalk, and there are indications of their existence even in the later Palæozoic strata. Lectures and Essays Ages, Palæozoic, 92; Mesozoic or Secondary, 93, 94; Cenozoic or Tertiary, 93; Coal or Carboniferous, 94. The Doctrine of Evolution Its Basis and Its Scope For long ages and through a succession of geological epochs, sedimentation had proceeded so that the accumulations of Palaeozoic and Mesozoic times had collected in the geosyncline formed by their own ever increasing weight. The Birth-Time of the World and Other Scientific Essays In the Mesozoic period, however, insects with complete transformations must have been fairly abundant. The Life-Story of Insects As regards the great extinct groups of Reptiles which characterise the Mesozoic period as a whole, the huge "Enaliosaurs" or "Sea-Lizards" are still represented by the Ichthyosaur and the Plesiosaur. The Ancient Life History of the Earth A Comprehensive Outline of the Principles and Leading Facts of Palæontological Science There is a laboratory of invertebrate paleontology of Cenozoic and Mesozoic age, with a corps of paleontologists. Scientific American Supplement, No. 484, April 11, 1885 These two ages are called the Mesozoic or Secondary, and the Cenozoic or Tertiary. The Doctrine of Evolution Its Basis and Its Scope Until well on in the Mesozoic period geological history tells us nothing about Angiosperms, and then only by their vegetative organs. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 2, Part 1, Slice 1 A very similar lesson is to be learned from the fossils found lying exposed on the deep ocean bottom; for they are about as likely to be Palæozoic or Mesozoic as Tertiary. Q. E. D., or New Light on the Doctrine of Creation In the first place, there is in the Old World a complete and entire physical break between the rocks of the Mesozoic and Kainozoic periods. The Ancient Life History of the Earth A Comprehensive Outline of the Principles and Leading Facts of Palæontological Science The Mesozoic era was characterized by large seas, lakes, deltas with deserts, and occasional glaciers. Tokyo to Tijuana: Gabriele Departing America The reptiles then appeared and gained ascendancy over the amphibia, to become in the Mesozoic age the highest and most varied of the existing vertebrates. The Doctrine of Evolution Its Basis and Its Scope Briefly, Paleozoic rocks make up the eastern part of the Andean Mountains in Peru, while the western range is formed of Mesozoic beds, volcanic ashes and lava of comparatively recent date. Tom Swift and His Big Tunnel, or, the Hidden City of the Andes Very many others have skipped from the Mesozoic down, while still others skip large parts of the series of successive ages. Q. E. D., or New Light on the Doctrine of Creation In the second place, there is a marked break in the life of the Mesozoic and Kainozoic periods. The Ancient Life History of the Earth A Comprehensive Outline of the Principles and Leading Facts of Palæontological Science The first owl may have come out of the Cenozoic era of 70 to 40 million years ago if not the latter part of the Mesozoic era, which was 135 to 70 million years ago. Tokyo to Tijuana: Gabriele Departing America During the Triassic and Jurassic periods of the Mesozoic age, the first birds and mammals appeared to follow out their diverging and independent lines of descent. The Doctrine of Evolution Its Basis and Its Scope There were all sorts and conditions of horrible things—huge, hideous, grotesque, monstrous—a veritable Mesozoic nightmare. The Land That Time Forgot The ore veins of the various minerals are about as likely to be found in Tertiary or Mesozoic as in the Palæozoic. Q. E. D., or New Light on the Doctrine of Creation The Dibranchiate Cephalopods appear with equal apparent suddenness in the older Mesozoic deposits, and no known type of the Palæozoic period can be pointed to as a possible ancestor. The Ancient Life History of the Earth A Comprehensive Outline of the Principles and Leading Facts of Palæontological Science His day, usually a jelly-like creature, a shapeless, spineless thing, had attained Mesozoic structure. The Beautiful and Damned Throughout the third great geological Time—the Mesozoic—these rivers grew in importance, and the lowest portions of the Missouri began to form a tributary of some size. Scientific American Supplement, No. 384, May 12, 1883 This stone-embedded relic of the moth that sucked the juices of the plants of the Mesozoic world, incalculable ages before the time even of the gigantic mammals, is preserved in the Teyler Museum at Haarlem. The Naturalist on the Thames Numerous fossil remains of them have lately been discovered in the Mesozoic strata of Europe, Africa, and America. The Evolution of Man — Volume 2 Lastly, we find in the Triassic rocks the remains of Reptiles belonging to the great Mesozoic order of the Deinosauria. The Ancient Life History of the Earth A Comprehensive Outline of the Principles and Leading Facts of Palæontological Science "It is plain," he said, "that the basalt monadnock on which we stand is a carboniferous upthrust of metamorphosed schists, shales and conglomerate, probably Mesozoic or at least early Silurian." The Cruise of the Kawa Araucaria! all in Europe, in Mesozoic and Tertiary. Life and Letters of Thomas Henry Huxley — Volume 3 Not as much visible geology, not as much by many chapters of earth history, not as much by all the later formations, by most of the Mesozoic and Tertiary deposits. Time and Change The third chief section of the organic history of the earth is the Mesozoic or Secondary period. The Evolution of Man — Volume 2 The Pterosaurs are wholly Mesozoic, ranging from the Lias to the Chalk inclusive; and the fine-grained Lithographic Slate of Solenhofen has proved to be singularly rich in their remains. The Ancient Life History of the Earth A Comprehensive Outline of the Principles and Leading Facts of Palæontological Science It is so, and it is to be recollected that at present we know nothing of the greater part of the skeletons of the older Mesozoic mammals—only teeth and jaws. Life and Letters of Thomas Henry Huxley — Volume 2 During the long ages of the Mesozoic, mammals continued small and few, and were completely dominated by the reptiles. The Elements of Geology There is evidently a line of fault here, and the west side has been lifted up out of the old Mesozoic seas, probably in the convulsions that poured out the lava of the trap rock. Time and Change In the eastern part of the Alps, some of the Palaeozoic strata, as well as the older Mesozoic formations, including the oolitic and cretaceous rocks, are distinctly recognisable. The Student's Elements of Geology White Chalk. so characteristic of the Mesozoic deposits in general, is likewise well represented in the Cretaceous strata. The Ancient Life History of the Earth A Comprehensive Outline of the Principles and Leading Facts of Palæontological Science No remains of the horse tribe are at present known from any Mesozoic deposit. On the Method of Zadig In the atmosphere the flying dragons of the Mesozoic give place to birds and bats. The Elements of Geology Can we see him as a reptile in the slime of the jungle or in the waters of the Mesozoic world? Time and Change Plutonic and sedimentary formations, diagram of. —, origin of the term. — rocks, Mesozoic. The Student's Elements of Geology The great Mesozoic order of the Deinosaurs is largely represented in the Cretaceous rocks, partly by genera which previously existed in the Jurassic period, and partly by entirely new types. The Ancient Life History of the Earth A Comprehensive Outline of the Principles and Leading Facts of Palæontological Science I was required to discuss the subject of "Mesozoic Time." The Colored Cadet at West Point Autobiography of Lieut. Henry Ossian Flipper, first graduate of color from the U. S. Military Academy It will be most convenient to describe the Permian reptiles along with their descendants of the Mesozoic. The Elements of Geology We must owe a debt to the monsters of Mesozoic and Caenozoic time; they helped to fertilize the soil for us, and to discipline the ruder forces of life. Time and Change In pursuing our examination of the strata in descending order, we have next to pass from the base of the Secondary or Mesozoic to the uppermost or newest of the Primary or Palaeozoic formations. The Student's Elements of Geology Eocene. characteristic Mesozoic types is as marked a phenomenon as the introduction of new forms. The Ancient Life History of the Earth A Comprehensive Outline of the Principles and Leading Facts of Palæontological Science The Mesozoic era has three periods, the Triassic, Jurassic and Cretaceous, while the Cenozoic era names five periods,—the Eocene, Oligocene, Miocene, Pliocene and Pleistocene. The Grand Canyon of Arizona; how to see it In western North America, on the other hand, the strata of the Mesozoic—and of the Cenozoic also—are widely spread. The Elements of Geology Man seems to be the net result of it all, of all these vast cycles of Palaeozoic, Mesozoic, and Caenozoic life. Time and Change The origin of the terms Primary and Secondary, and the synonymous terms Palaeozoic, and Mesozoic, were explained in Chapter 8. The Student's Elements of Geology This divergence is the most marked in the Palæozoic forms of life, less so in those of the Mesozoic period, and less still in the Tertiary period. The Ancient Life History of the Earth A Comprehensive Outline of the Principles and Leading Facts of Palæontological Science The immense development of plants with the habit of Cycads, during the Mesozoic Period up to the Lower Cretaceous, has long been known. Darwin and Modern Science The record of many of the most important events in the development of the continent during the Mesozoic and Cenozoic eras is found in the rocks of our western states. The Elements of Geology The last great invasion of the land by the sea, and probably the greatest of all, seems to have been in Cretaceous times, at the end of the Mesozoic period. Time and Change The Apennines, it is well-known, are composed chiefly of Secondary or Mesozoic rocks, forming a chain which branches off from the Ligurian Alps and passes down the middle of the Italian peninsula. The Student's Elements of Geology Nevertheless, much interest is attached to the organic remains, as marking a kind of transition-period between the Palæozoic and Mesozoic epochs. The Ancient Life History of the Earth A Comprehensive Outline of the Principles and Leading Facts of Palæontological Science From this extensive class of plants, to which the name Pteridospermeae has been given, it can scarcely be doubted that the abundant Cycadophyta, of the succeeding Mesozoic period, were derived. Darwin and Modern Science The beginning of the Mesozoic saw a system of lofty mountain ranges stretching from New York into central Alabama. The Elements of Geology The Silurian was the great age of trilobites; the Devonian, the age of fishes; Mesozoic times swarm with the gigantic reptiles; and in Tertiary times the mammals are dominant. Time and Change We have treated in the preceding chapters of the Tertiary or Cainozoic strata, and have next to speak of the Secondary or Mesozoic formations. The Student's Elements of Geology We come now to the consideration of the great Mesozoic, or Secondary series of formations, consisting, in ascending order, of the Triassic, Jurassic, and Cretaceous systems. The Ancient Life History of the Earth A Comprehensive Outline of the Principles and Leading Facts of Palæontological Science The Matonineae are ferns with an unusually complex vascular system and were abundant "in the northern hemisphere during the earlier part of the Mesozoic era." Darwin and Modern Science The Mesozoic era was long enough for the Appalachian Mountains, upridged at its beginning, to have been weathered and worn away and carried grain by grain to the sea. The Elements of Geology There is a great break here—a leap from Archaean times on the east side to Mesozoic times on the west. Time and Change William Smith's system of strata, next above these, once called "secondary," represents Mesozoic time, or the age of reptiles. A History of Science — Volume 3 The Triassic group forms the base of the Mesozoic series, and corresponds with the higher portion of the New Red Sandstone of the older geologists. The Ancient Life History of the Earth A Comprehensive Outline of the Principles and Leading Facts of Palæontological Science The fern-like characters so remarkably persistent in the highly organised Cycadophyta of the Mesozoic were in all likelihood derived through the Pteridosperms, plants which show an unmistakable approach to the cycadophytic type. Darwin and Modern Science During the long succession of the ages of the Mesozoic, with their vast geographical changes, there were many and great changes in organisms. The Elements of Geology "Why, Trednoke, do you realize that we are living literally at the bottom of a Mesozoic—at any rate, Cenozoic—sea?" The Golden Fleece, a romance The continental areas thus enlarged were peopled during the ensuing Mesozoic time with multitudes of strange reptiles, many of them gigantic in size. A History of Science — Volume 3 The plants of the Trias are, on the whole, as distinctively Mesozoic in their aspect as those of the Permian are Palæozoic. The Ancient Life History of the Earth A Comprehensive Outline of the Principles and Leading Facts of Palæontological Science Judged by either standard the Horsetails and Club Mosses of the Carboniferous were higher than those of our own day, and the same is true of the Mesozoic Cycads. Darwin and Modern Science We will now describe some of the highly specialized orders peculiar to the Mesozoic. The Elements of Geology "If Jupiter is passing through its Jurassic or Mesozoic period, there must be any amount of some kind of game." A journey in other worlds A romance of the future The stretch of time on which we now enter, at the close of the Permian, is the Secondary or Mesozoic Era. The Story of Evolution From the foregoing it will be gathered that one of the most important points in connection with the Triassic Mollusca is the remarkable intermixture of Palæozoic and Mesozoic types which they exhibit. The Ancient Life History of the Earth A Comprehensive Outline of the Principles and Leading Facts of Palæontological Science In habit and to a great extent in anatomy, the Mesozoic Cycadophyta for the most part much resemble the recent Cycadaceae. Darwin and Modern Science The family became extinct at the end of the Mesozoic, and left no descendants. The Elements of Geology In its embryological development it passes through the long-tailed stage; connecting links in the Mesozoic also indicate that the younger type is the offshoot of the older. The Elements of Geology The Mesozoic Era will be a protracted reaction between two revolutions: a period of low-lying land, great sea-invasions, and genial climate, between two upheavals of the earth. The Story of Evolution The Ichthyosauri or "Fish-Lizards" are exclusively Mesozoic in their distribution, ranging from the Lias to the Chalk, but abounding especially in the former. The Ancient Life History of the Earth A Comprehensive Outline of the Principles and Leading Facts of Palæontological Science Since such organisms are not distributed by the currents of the deep sea and cannot migrate along its bottom, we infer a shallow-water connection in Mesozoic times between India, South America, and the antarctic region. The Elements of Geology The atmosphere, which had hitherto been tenanted only by insects, was first conquered by the vertebrates in the Mesozoic. The Elements of Geology Thus in the collection of antarctic fossils referred to on page 294 there were shallow-water marine shells identical in species with Mesozoic shells found in India and in the southern extremity of South America. The Elements of Geology The Mesozoic opens in the middle of the great revolution described in the last chapter. The Story of Evolution Another extraordinary and interesting group of the Mesozoic Reptiles is constituted by the Deinosauria, comprising a series of mostly gigantic forms, which range from the Trias to the Chalk. The Ancient Life History of the Earth A Comprehensive Outline of the Principles and Leading Facts of Palæontological Science Amphibians made their entry on the stage in the Carboniferous, and reptiles came to rule the world in the Mesozoic. The Elements of Geology Along the Atlantic coast the Mesozoic peneplain may be traced shoreward to where it disappears from view beneath an unconformable cover of early Tertiary marine strata. The Elements of Geology Snakes are not found until the close of the Mesozoic, and do not figure in its characteristic reptile population. The Story of Evolution The Mesozoic closes with the dismissal of the great reptiles and the plants on which they fed, and the earth is prepared for its new monarchs, the flowering plants, the birds, and the mammals. The Story of Evolution The Mesozoic period, as a whole, is characterised by the prevalence of the Cryptogamic group of the Ferns, and the Gymnospermic groups of the Conifers and the Cycads. The Ancient Life History of the Earth A Comprehensive Outline of the Principles and Leading Facts of Palæontological Science But there was a large group of reptiles in the later Mesozoic seas which more or less correspond to the legendary idea of a sea-serpent. The Story of Evolution The closing stages of the Mesozoic were marked, as we have seen, by the upheaval of the Rocky Mountains and other western ranges. The Elements of Geology The birds, while making more progress, apparently, than the mammals, were far outnumbered by the flying reptiles until the last part of the Mesozoic. The Story of Evolution India, New Zealand, and Australia were successively detached from it, and by the end of the Mesozoic it was much as we find it to-day. The Story of Evolution Along with species of the persistent genus Pleurotomaria and the Mesozoic Fig. The Ancient Life History of the Earth A Comprehensive Outline of the Principles and Leading Facts of Palæontological Science These are the only remains of bird-life that we find in the Mesozoic rocks. The Story of Evolution The earliest known birds are found in the Jurassic, and during the remainder of the Mesozoic they contended with the flying reptiles for the empire of the air. The Elements of Geology New Zealand seems to have been detached early in the Mesozoic, and was never reached by the mammals. The Story of Evolution We next find that the Mesozoic is by no means purely an age of Gymnosperms. The Story of Evolution These primitive mammals help us to reconstruct the mammal life of the Mesozoic Epoch. The Story of Evolution On the other hand, the lower jaw of the Marsupial is characterised by a peculiar hooklike process, and this is commonly found in Mesozoic jaws. The Story of Evolution The Mesozoic muds were hardened and squeezed into slates. The Elements of Geology We must, however, beware of simply transferring to the Mesozoic world the kinds of Monotremes and Marsupials which we know in nature to-day. The Story of Evolution Here we may briefly survey the less conspicuous animals of the Mesozoic Epoch. The Story of Evolution In some of the excellent "restorations" of Mesozoic life which are found in recent illustrated literature the early mammal is represented with an external appearance like that of the Duckbill. The Story of Evolution They begin long before the end of the Mesozoic, and they continue far into the Tertiary, with intervals of ease and tranquillity. The Story of Evolution From the view point of the botanist the Mesozoic is the Age of Cycads, and after this era they gradually decline to the small number of species now existing in tropical latitudes. The Elements of Geology Even during the Cretaceous period there had been rich forests of Mesozoic vegetation covering about a hundred thousand square miles in the Rocky Mountains region. The Story of Evolution It is interesting to note that the oyster is fully developed, and has a very large kindred, in the Mesozoic seas. The Story of Evolution We saw that during the Mesozoic the Arctic continent was very largely submerged, and, while Europe and America rise again at the end of the Cretaceous, we find no rise of the land further north. The Story of Evolution These—now confined to tropical and subtropical regions—with the surviving ferns, the new Conifers, and certain trees of the ginkgo type, form the characteristic Mesozoic vegetation. The Story of Evolution At the end of the Mesozoic the entire tribe of ammonites became extinct. The Elements of Geology It thus prepares the way for the cycads and conifers and ginkgoes of the Mesozoic, which we may conceive as evolved from one or other branch of the mixed Carboniferous vegetation. The Story of Evolution Over the whole Mesozoic world, therefore, we find advance and the promise of greater advance. The Story of Evolution The fact is that the Gymnosperms of the Mesozoic are often of a curiously mixed character, and well illustrate the transition to the Angiosperms, though they may not be their actual ancestors. The Story of Evolution About a thousand species of Ammonites were developed in the Mesozoic, and none survived the Mesozoic. The Story of Evolution At the opening of the Mesozoic era reptiles were the most highly organized and powerful of any animals on the earth. The Elements of Geology Among the Echinoderms we find that the Cystids and Blastoids have gone, and the sea-lilies reach their climax in beauty and organisation, to dwindle and almost disappear in the last part of the Mesozoic. The Story of Evolution The Mesozoic earth—to apply to it the phrase which a geologist has given to its opening phase—welcomes the coming and speeds the parting guest. The Story of Evolution The phrase, however, the Age of Reptiles, is a fitting and true description of the greater part of the Mesozoic Era, which lies, like a fertile valley, between the Permian and the Chalk upheavals. The Story of Evolution We cannot be content, however, merely to throw on the screen, as it were, a few of the more quaint and monstrous types out of the teeming Mesozoic population, and describe their proportions and peculiarities. The Story of Evolution This group was the longest-lived of any of the three, beginning in the Trias and continuing to the close of the Mesozoic era. The Elements of Geology Before the end of the Mesozoic, in fact, the Ornithopods became aggressive as well as armoured. The Story of Evolution In the depths of the ocean a new movement is preparing, but we have yet to study the highest forms of Mesozoic life before we come to the Cretaceous disturbances. The Story of Evolution The last, and perhaps the most interesting, of the doomed monsters of the Mesozoic was the Pterosaur, or "flying reptile." The Story of Evolution From this short and summary catalogue the reader will be able to form some conception of the living inhabitants of the Mesozoic world. The Story of Evolution In Pennsylvania and the states lying to the south the Mesozoic peneplain lies along the summits of the mountain ridges. The Elements of Geology If we might for a moment endow the animals of the Mesozoic world with AEsopian wisdom, we could imagine some such discussion taking place between a group of Deinosaur patricians. The Story of Evolution Science is not yet wholly agreed in the classification of the vast numbers of remains which the Mesozoic rocks have yielded, and the affinities of the various groups are very uncertain. The Story of Evolution And before another era of the earth's story opened, the reptile race would be dethroned, and these hunted and despised and feeble eccentricities of Mesozoic life would become the masters of the globe. The Story of Evolution Not single specimen of any higher, or placental, mammal has yet been found in the whole Mesozoic Era. The Story of Evolution A warm climate like that of the Mesozoic, therefore, prevailed over North America and Europe, extending far toward the pole. The Elements of Geology Such a change now closes the Mesozoic Era, and inaugurates the age of flowering plants, of birds, and of mammals. The Story of Evolution Such, in broad outline, was the singular and powerful family of the Mesozoic Deinosaurs. The Story of Evolution Finally, to explain the disappearance of the Mesozoic reptiles without a fall in temperature, it is suggested that they were exterminated by the advancing mammals. The Story of Evolution The Mesozoic plants and animals would succumb to this advancing cold. The Story of Evolution Although the Mesozoic era is shorter than the Paleozoic, as measured by the thickness of their strata, yet its duration must be reckoned in millions of years. The Elements of Geology On the other hand, it may be pointed out that the ants and termites had appeared in the Mesozoic. The Story of Evolution The two animals, however, belong to very different branches of the reptile world, and are by no means the most formidable of the Mesozoic reptiles. The Story of Evolution We must beware of such fallacies as transferring our experience of pain to a Mesozoic reptile, with an ounce or two of cerebrum to twenty tons of muscle and bone. The Story of Evolution The cyeads and ginkgoes have shrunk into thin survivors of the luxuriant Mesozoic groves. The Story of Evolution Protozoans and sponges are exceedingly abundant, and all contribute to the making of Mesozoic strata. The Elements of Geology Had any of the great Mesozoic reptiles survived, the warmer age might have enabled them to dispute the sovereignty of the advancing mammals. The Story of Evolution In the earlier Mesozoic we find partially aquatic representatives of the line, like the Nothosaur, and in the later Plesiosaur the adaptation to a marine life is complete. The Story of Evolution As it is now known that many of the cycad-like Mesozoic plants bore flowers—as the modern botanist scarcely hesitates to call them—the gap between the Gymnosperms and Angiosperms is very much lessened. The Story of Evolution There is nothing "puzzling" about the Mesozoic reptilian development; the depression of the land, the moist warmth, and the luscious vegetation of the later Triassic and the Jurassic amply explain it. The Story of Evolution Lizards and snakes do not appear until after the close of the Mesozoic, although their ancestral lines may be followed back into the Cretaceous. The Elements of Geology There were large flowers, we saw, on some of the Mesozoic cycads, but their sober yellows and greens—to judge from their descendants—would do little to brighten the landscape. The Story of Evolution There remain one or two groups of the Mesozoic reptiles which are still represented in nature. The Story of Evolution At first it would be a world of yellows and greens, like that of the Mesozoic vegetation, but brighter. The Story of Evolution The absence of early Eocene remains prevents us from tracing the lines of our vast and varied bird-kingdom to their Mesozoic beginnings. The Story of Evolution The immense thickness of the Mesozoic formations conveys to our minds some idea of the vast length of time involved in the slow progress of its successive ages. The Elements of Geology The mammals of the Mesozoic had been small and primitive animals, rarely larger than a rat, and never rising above the marsupial stage in organisation. The Story of Evolution Its members are extinct and primitive forms of the thick-shelled reptiles, but true turtles, both of marine and fresh water, abound before the close of the Mesozoic. The Story of Evolution Were they a progressive offshoot from the Mesozoic Marsupials, or Monotremes, or do they represent a separate stock from the primitive half-reptile and half-mammal family? The Story of Evolution We may provisionally conceive the placental mammals as a group of the South African early mammals which developed a fortunate variation in womb-structure during the severe conditions of the early Mesozoic. The Story of Evolution |
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