| 单词 | medulla |
| 例句 | It missed the spinal cord by a hair, missed the medulla oblongata, and traveled through her head just underneath the brain, missing every major vein, artery, and nerve. Born a Crime: Stories from a South African Childhood 2016-11-15T00:00:00Z He searched the nape of Orr’s neck for the probable site of the medulla oblongata. Catch-22 1961-11-10T00:00:00Z The Beach Boys are the sonic equivalent of having a dog whistle implanted in your medulla and then honked on by a didgeridoo player with protean bong-tested lungs. Ten bands I will be forced to listen to in hell 2012-07-11T14:15:00Z Cruising for targets, the sniper aims his M1A Super Match rifle at “the sweet spot where the medulla meets the spine.” Bang bang bang, bang bang bang. Jack Reacher: Tom Cruise Picks the Wrong Week for a Thriller About a Mass Killing 2012-12-18T14:00:44Z For years I've had so many factoid stuffed in my head, I think — I'm not sure where my medulla oblongata is, but I think that's the part that's been sore for all these years. Mo Rocca on "Mobituaries," celebrity deaths and what we get wrong about Billy Carter 2019-11-11T05:00:00Z From the cortex to medulla Analyze EKG Can you see a memory? 2010-01-23T15:48:00Z As Stewart explained, "It occurs when the celebrity cortex gets its wires crossed with the 'medulla anchor-dala.'" Jon Stewart says Brian Williams had 'infotainment confusion syndrome' 2015-02-10T05:00:00Z Each hair can have three layers – the medulla, the cortex and the cuticle. Why Hair Turns Curly and Frizzy in the Summer, according to Chemistry 2023-08-16T04:00:00Z The adrenal medulla is the inner part of the adrenal gland and produces epinephrine and norepinephrine. Concepts of Biology 2013-04-25T00:00:00Z The library nearly resembles the shape of a brain, with the entrance being the medulla oblongata and the robust flooring as the cerebellum. In a new exhibit, Wayne Thom’s photographs examine buildings as ‘functional sculptures’ 2023-01-06T05:00:00Z The cerebellum helps coordinate skeletal muscle activity, and the medulla oblongata and pons in the brainstem are centers for vital functions, such as breathing and heart rate. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z For example, the sight, smell, and taste of food initiate long reflexes that begin with a sensory neuron delivering a signal to the medulla oblongata. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z The innermost, or core layer, is the medulla. Why Hair Turns Curly and Frizzy in the Summer, according to Chemistry 2023-08-16T04:00:00Z Internally, the kidney has three regions—an outer cortex, a medulla in the middle, and the renal pelvis, which is the expanded end of the ureter. Concepts of Biology 2013-04-25T00:00:00Z Another part of the brain, the medulla oblongata, gets in touch with the heart, which increases its rate and the amount of blood pumped per beat. Heat is killing more people than ever. Scientists are looking for ways to lower the risk 2020-11-12T05:00:00Z It consists of the midbrain, medulla oblongata, and the pons. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z The renal columns are connective tissue extensions that radiate downward from the cortex through the medulla to separate the most characteristic features of the medulla, the renal pyramids and renal papillae. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z This layer is also very fragile, but only thick or coarse hairs contain this part – so those with thin or blond hair typically don’t have the medulla layer in their hairs. Why Hair Turns Curly and Frizzy in the Summer, according to Chemistry 2023-08-16T04:00:00Z They are made up internally of three distinct regions—the cortex, medulla, and pelvis. Concepts of Biology 2013-04-25T00:00:00Z This brain area is known to send projections to a site in the brain’s medulla, the raphe pallidus, which promotes increases in body temperature. Flipping the switch on the body’s thermoregulatory system 2020-06-10T04:00:00Z Taste neurons project from taste cells in the tongue, esophagus, and palate to the medulla, in the brainstem. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z About 15 percent of nephrons have long loops of Henle that extend deep into the medulla and are called juxtamedullary nephrons. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z In the rat, descending influences over the adrenal medulla, as well as the kidney, originate largely from cortical motor areas. Calling an Illness "Psychosomatic" Doesn't Mean It's Imaginary 2020-01-22T05:00:00Z The adrenal glands are located on top of the kidneys and consist of the adrenal cortex and adrenal medulla. Concepts of Biology 2013-04-25T00:00:00Z The scan showed something unusual: a large “infiltrating” lesion centered in the medulla oblongata, the structure at the lower end of the brainstem that controls breathing and other involuntary functions. Special Report: After a child's dire diagnosis, hope and... 2018-12-06T05:00:00Z Information from different regions of the tongue is segregated in the medulla, thalamus, and cortex. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z Collecting ducts merge as they descend deeper in the medulla to form about 30 terminal ducts, which empty at a papilla. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z Indeed, the cortical motor areas are a major source of input to the adrenal medulla in both the rat and the monkey. Calling an Illness "Psychosomatic" Doesn't Mean It's Imaginary 2020-01-22T05:00:00Z The other subtype connects to the medulla, a brain stem region containing neurons that activate muscles and coordinate movement. New Atlas Used to ID Brain Parts for Plans and Actions 2018-11-01T04:00:00Z Tasic et al. demonstrated that these neurons are molecularly distinct from those located in a lower portion of layer 5 that project to the medulla, which is associated with the execution of movement. Single-cell sequencing paints diverse pictures of the brain 2018-10-30T04:00:00Z The afferent, bipolar neurons that convey auditory information travel from the cochlea to the medulla, through the pons and midbrain in the brainstem, finally reaching the primary auditory cortex in the temporal lobe. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z The myelencephalon corresponds to the adult structure known as the medulla oblongata. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z The primary motor cortex, primary somatosensory cortex and a single secondary motor area account for about 93 percent of the cortical input to the adrenal medulla in the rat. Calling an Illness "Psychosomatic" Doesn't Mean It's Imaginary 2020-01-22T05:00:00Z Results showed some cells connected to the medulla were highly active at the start of a movement, whereas others switched on either in the midst or end of the activity. New Atlas Used to ID Brain Parts for Plans and Actions 2018-11-01T04:00:00Z “It’s the medulla oblongata,” she said, warning the students to be careful not to injure theirs. OSU hopes to attract Native American students to sciences 2018-10-21T04:00:00Z The adrenal glands consist of an outer adrenal cortex and an inner adrenal medulla. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z The brain stem includes the midbrain, pons, and medulla, which correspond to the mesencephalon, metencephalon, and myelencephalon. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z Furthermore, the monkey adrenal medulla receives substantial input from motor areas on the medial wall of the hemisphere that don’t exist in the rat. Calling an Illness "Psychosomatic" Doesn't Mean It's Imaginary 2020-01-22T05:00:00Z In particular, though their cortex is densely packed with neurons, their medulla is disproportionately small. Giant Squids, Giant Eyes, but Rather Small Brain Lobes 2017-07-19T04:00:00Z The medulla, the loose stuffing of the lichen, which plays and aids in gas exchange, either fills the lichen entirely or surrounds a hollow core that also helps gases suffuse its body. New Trove of Lichen Fossils Expands Total from 15 to 167 2017-06-17T04:00:00Z Epinephrine is the primary adrenal medulla hormone accounting for 75 to 80 percent of its secretions. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z Along with the swallowing in the previous example, a stroke in that region could affect sensory functions from the face or extremities because important white matter pathways also pass through the lateral medulla. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z Thus, the monkey adrenal medulla is the target of output from a broader set of cortical areas and is influenced by a more diverse set of behaviors. Calling an Illness "Psychosomatic" Doesn't Mean It's Imaginary 2020-01-22T05:00:00Z And at the center is an empty zone called the medulla that helps insulate the hair. Truth, lies, and hair products 2016-09-11T04:00:00Z Stewart called it Infotainment Confusion Syndrome, a brain misfire that occurs, he said, “when the ‘celebrity cortex’ gets its wires crossed with the ‘medulla anchor-gata.’ Jon Stewart’s exit as a phony newsman is a loss to real news 2015-02-11T05:00:00Z Secretion of these hormones is stimulated by acetylcholine release from preganglionic sympathetic fibers innervating the adrenal medulla. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z The axons cross over from the anterior position of the pyramids in the medulla to the lateral column of the spinal cord. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z Our findings should correct this perspective because they provide a concrete neural substrate for cortical areas involved in movement, cognition and affect to influence a major sympathetic effector, the adrenal medulla. Calling an Illness "Psychosomatic" Doesn't Mean It's Imaginary 2020-01-22T05:00:00Z Stewart called it Infotainment Confusion Syndrome, a brain misfire that occurs, he said, "when the 'celebrity cortex' gets its wires crossed with the 'medulla anchor-gata.'" Jon Stewart's exit as a phony newsman is a loss to real news 2015-02-11T05:00:00Z Structurally it contained the two main regions - the cortex and medulla - and it also produced T-cells. Whole organ 'grown' in world first 2014-08-24T04:00:00Z This AMP-activated kinase is coupled with mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation to detect reduced oxygen and signal the RCs of the medulla directly—a distributed network for detection and response. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z These axons do not decussate in the medulla. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z The medulla is responsible for such basic bodily functions as breathing and digesting. Body part have funny names 2014-05-04T15:35:00Z The sympathetic nervous system will respond erratically and dangerously, scientists theorize, if it is receiving too many and possibly garbled messages from neurons in the rostral ventrolateral medulla. Well: How Inactivity Changes the Brain 2014-01-22T12:42:39Z Many different cell types and tissues originate here, including cells of the peripheral nervous system, the adrenal medulla, melanocytes, and some skeletal cells. [Review] Tissue Interactions in Neural Crest Cell Development and Disease 2013-08-22T18:25:53.407Z Internally, the kidney has three regions—an outer cortex, a medulla in the middle, and the renal pelvis in the region called the hilum of the kidney. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z The name comes from the fact that this system is outside the corticospinal pathway, which includes the pyramids in the medulla. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z I hope not, because the medulla is part of the brain. Body part have funny names 2014-05-04T15:35:00Z In this case, the scientists wanted to mark neurons in the animals’ rostral ventrolateral medulla, an obscure portion of the brain that controls breathing and other unconscious activities central to our existence. Well: How Inactivity Changes the Brain 2014-01-22T12:42:39Z Before Freud, many scientists believed that dreams simply reflected semi-random neural firing that persisted in ancient brain areas like the pons and the medulla oblongata as we slept. Oliver Sacks Shares Tales of Musical Hallucinations 2013-04-22T16:15:04.827Z The medulla consists of multiple pyramidal tissue masses, called the renal pyramids. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z Epinephrine and norepinephrine are secreted by the adrenal medulla and play a role in the fight-or-flight response, whereas dopamine is secreted by the hypothalamus and inhibits the release of certain anterior pituitary hormones. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z Eventually the impulses converge on the sneezing center in the brain’s lateral medulla, and when they reach a threshold, the nerves that control inhalation and explosive exhalation are recruited. Q & A: Why Do I Sneeze When I Feel Cold? 2013-01-07T19:18:43Z Medulloblastoma is an aggressively growing tumour, arising in the cerebellum or medulla/brain stem. Dissecting the genomic complexity underlying medulloblastoma 2012-08-01T17:52:34.853Z The lungs, breast, liver, spleen, brain, and spinal medulla are variously involved. A System of Practical Medicine by American Authors, Vol. I Volume 1: Pathology and General Diseases 2012-03-17T02:00:54.097Z The interlobar arteries split at the junction of the renal cortex and medulla to form the arcuate arteries. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z Blood flows to each adrenal gland at the adrenal cortex and then drains into the adrenal medulla. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z Pain commencing in the medulla oblongata and running upward and expanding to the surface of the brain, worse on stooping or bending forward. New, Old, and Forgotten Remedies: Papers by Many Writers 2012-02-05T03:00:10Z Straight, lank, long and coarse, round or nearly so in section, with the medulla or pith easily distinguishable, and almost without exception black. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 12, Slice 7 "Gyantse" to "Hallel" 2011-12-26T03:00:11.613Z They are due to an exudation on the medulla oblongata and spinalis. A System of Practical Medicine by American Authors, Vol. I Volume 1: Pathology and General Diseases 2012-03-17T02:00:54.097Z The collecting ducts amass contents from multiple nephrons and fuse together as they enter the papillae of the renal medulla. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z Figure 17.17 Adrenal Glands Both adrenal glands sit atop the kidneys and are composed of an outer cortex and an inner medulla, all surrounded by a connective tissue capsule. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z They say the medulla oblongata is irritated, and the patient learns that he is suffering from neurosis of the nervus vague. A General Introduction to Psychoanalysis 2011-12-06T03:00:21.763Z This consists of the sensitive nerves, which are distributed to all parts of the animal economy endowed with feeling; and all external impulses are reflected to the medulla oblongata, &c. The American Reformed Cattle Doctor 2011-11-14T03:00:19.813Z At the same time, the concentration of the mind on this subject sometimes produces even structural changes in the medulla, and the reflex susceptibility in co-ordination with the other symptoms may be almost perfect. A System of Practical Medicine by American Authors, Vol. I Volume 1: Pathology and General Diseases 2012-03-17T02:00:54.097Z Internally, the kidney has three layers: an outer cortex, the middle medulla, and the inner renal pelvis. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z The adrenal gland consists of an outer cortex of glandular tissue and an inner medulla of nervous tissue. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z The medulla oblongata is a very serious and beautiful object. A General Introduction to Psychoanalysis 2011-12-06T03:00:21.763Z We do know that too high and too prolonged compression of the medulla brings about exhaustion of the cardiac center accompanied with rapid pulse, low pressure and eventual death. Arteriosclerosis and Hypertension: with Chapters on Blood Pressure, 3rd Edition. 2011-10-11T02:01:07.890Z At one point, where the ulcer extended to the phalanx, the compact layer of the bone was attenuated to the thinnest shell and perforated, so that the medulla was continuous with the ulcer. A System of Practical Medicine by American Authors, Vol. I Volume 1: Pathology and General Diseases 2012-03-17T02:00:54.097Z Internally, the kidney has three layers: an outer medulla, the middle cortex, and the inner renal pelvis. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z The section on the adrenal medulla covers this response in more detail. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z As this column passes onward in the medulla oblongata, on a level with the glosso-pharyngeal nerve, it forms a group of cells of large size. Neuralgia and the Diseases that Resemble it 2011-10-03T02:00:31.460Z At times there is marked fatty degeneration of cortex and medulla, giving to them a yellowish streaking. Arteriosclerosis and Hypertension: with Chapters on Blood Pressure, 3rd Edition. 2011-10-11T02:01:07.890Z The medulla contained a great number of white globules, medulla-cells, and minute embryonic nuclei. A System of Practical Medicine by American Authors, Vol. I Volume 1: Pathology and General Diseases 2012-03-17T02:00:54.097Z Internally, the kidney has three layers: an outer cortex, the middle medulla, and the inner renal pelvis. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z There are connections between the cerebellum and both the medulla and midbrain, which are adjacent structures in the secondary vesicle stage of development. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z Another part forms the medulla oblongata, that important hind brain in which lie so many of the vital centres of nervous energy. Embryology The Beginnings of Life 2011-09-12T02:00:28.483Z There is marked proliferation of connective tissue in cortex and medulla. Arteriosclerosis and Hypertension: with Chapters on Blood Pressure, 3rd Edition. 2011-10-11T02:01:07.890Z It seems to show that though the virus is concentrated in the brain, and especially in the medulla and pons, yet it does not equally permeate the entire nervous system. A System of Practical Medicine by American Authors, Vol. I Volume 1: Pathology and General Diseases 2012-03-17T02:00:54.097Z In the loop of Henle, the filtrate continues to exchange solutes and water with the renal medulla and the peritubular capillary network. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z A stroke in the lateral medulla, for example, can cause a loss in the ability to swallow. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z This gathering is known as the medulla oblongata. The Relations of Science and Religion The Morse Lecture, 1880 2011-09-11T02:00:11.613Z A number of neural pathways apparently can activate the brain's vomiting center, thought to be located in the medulla. Motion Sickness Treatments Make Waves 2011-09-03T16:45:00.433Z The drug kills by its action on the respiratory centre in the medulla oblongata. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 11, Slice 5 "Gassendi, Pierre" to "Geocentric" 2011-09-02T02:00:20.450Z Additionally, the loop of Henle invades the renal medulla, which is naturally high in salt concentration and tends to absorb water from the renal tubule and concentrate the filtrate. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z Also, the proprioceptive sensations of the dorsal column system have a collateral projection to the medulla that projects to the cerebellum. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z Still a casual glance at the Ascidian tadpole shows that deficient as is the development of the ganglia afterward forming the medulla, the face is still more deficient. Degeneracy Its Causes, Signs and Results 2011-05-02T02:00:17.657Z In the cross-section of a young shoot, we might see around the central pith or medulla, a ring of wedge-shaped patches. Wood and Forest 2011-03-01T03:00:42.647Z Every bone in my body from the funny to the medulla aches like all possessed, and my joints creak like a new pair of shoes on a school-boy in church, they are so stiff.” The Genial Idiot His Views and Reviews 2011-02-18T03:00:20.773Z The osmotic gradient increases as it moves deeper into the medulla. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z The dorsal column system primarily carries information about touch and proprioception and crosses the midline in the medulla. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z There are scattered groups of nerve cells in the medulla oblongata which have either no demonstrable connection with the nerve nuclei, or are positively known to be connected with the longitudinal associating strands. Degeneracy Its Causes, Signs and Results 2011-05-02T02:00:17.657Z At the center or axis of the tree is the pith or medulla, Fig. Wood and Forest 2011-03-01T03:00:42.647Z It is customary to divide emetics into two classes, those which produce their effect by acting on the vomiting centre in the medulla, and those which act directly on the stomach itself. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 9, Slice 3 "Electrostatics" to "Engis" 2011-02-06T03:00:53.093Z They are surrounded by three layers and are made up internally of three distinct regions—the cortex, medulla, and pelvis. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z The superior colliculus and red nucleus in the midbrain, the vestibular nuclei in the medulla, and the reticular formation throughout the brain stem each have tracts projecting to the spinal cord in this system. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z The medulla oblongata with its reticular ganglion seems to be the great rhythmic centre. Degeneracy Its Causes, Signs and Results 2011-05-02T02:00:17.657Z In the medulla the lymphoid cells are fewer, and nests of epithelial cells are found, called the concentric corpuscles of Hassall. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 8, Slice 8 "Dubner" to "Dyeing" 2010-12-26T03:00:17.840Z Forwards it covers, and has driven asunder, the optic lobes; backwards it hides the much shortened medulla oblongata. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 3, Slice 7 "Bible" to "Bisectrix" 2010-12-20T17:12:05.780Z Cortical nephrons are found in the renal cortex, while juxtamedullary nephrons are found in the renal cortex close to the renal medulla. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z The pons and the medulla regulate several crucial functions, including the cardiovascular and respiratory systems and rates. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z The contraction of the neck muscles explains this obstruction and especially the accumulation of venous blood in the cerebral capillaries of the medulla. Degeneracy Its Causes, Signs and Results 2011-05-02T02:00:17.657Z He pointed out the medulla, the cortex, the cuticle — all of which vary not just from person to person but from follicle to follicle. Postmortem: Seeking the Truth About an Executed Man 2010-05-20T17:25:00Z In addition to these, there are several smaller organs at the base, among which is the commencement or expansion of the spinal cord, termed the medulla oblongata, or oblong marrow. A Treatise on Physiology and Hygiene For Educational Institutions and General Readers Aldosterone is the “fight or flight” that is released by the adrenal medulla under extreme stress. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z Sensory information from the periphery, which enters through spinal or cranial nerves, is copied to a nucleus in the medulla known as the inferior olive. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z The result of this is that the great convulsion centre, the medulla, being over-nourished, functional excess, that is, convulsion, occurs unchecked by the cerebral hemispheres, which are disabled by their nutritive shock. Degeneracy Its Causes, Signs and Results 2011-05-02T02:00:17.657Z The barbaric romance which loiters about the brains even of European nations, is the pith and medulla of a Mexican head. Calavar or The Knight of The Conquest, A Romance of Mexico From the base of the brain, and from the sides of the medulla originate, also, the cranial nerves, of which there are twelve pairs. A Treatise on Physiology and Hygiene For Educational Institutions and General Readers Epinephrine and norepinephrine are the “fight or flight” hormones that are released by the adrenal medulla and the nervous system, respectively, under extreme stress. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z It can compare this with sensory feedback input through the medulla and send output through the midbrain that can correct motor commands for coordination. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z Here the cerebral hemispheres and everything but the medulla and pons may be absent, while the rest of the body is in a comparatively normal state of development. Degeneracy Its Causes, Signs and Results 2011-05-02T02:00:17.657Z The grey matter in the interior of the medulla appears, therefore, on the floor of the ventricle and is continuous with the grey matter near the central canal of the cord. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 4, Slice 4 "Bradford, William" to "Brequigny, Louis" This arrangement is termed the decussation of the anterior columns of the medulla. A Treatise on Physiology and Hygiene For Educational Institutions and General Readers ADH is the “fight or flight” hormone that is released by the adrenal medulla under extreme stress. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z The second neuron in the system projects from one of the two nuclei and then decussates, or crosses the midline of the medulla. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z The scattered grey matter of the medulla has great importance. Degeneracy Its Causes, Signs and Results 2011-05-02T02:00:17.657Z The Fourth Ventricle is the dilated upper end of the central canal of the medulla oblongata. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 4, Slice 4 "Bradford, William" to "Brequigny, Louis" How does the medulla oblongata resemble the cord? A Treatise on Physiology and Hygiene For Educational Institutions and General Readers Epinephrine and norepinephrine are the “fight or flight” hormones that are released by the adrenal medulla and the nervous system, respectively, under extreme stress. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z The adrenal medulla releases signaling molecules into the bloodstream, rather than using axons to communicate with target structures. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z Scattered in the “reticular substance” of the medulla from the upper end of the fourth ventricle to the pyramidal decussation, they merit the collective designation of reticular ganglia. Degeneracy Its Causes, Signs and Results 2011-05-02T02:00:17.657Z In the Reptilia the medulla has a marked flexure with a ventral convexity, and an undoubted cerebral cortex for the first time makes its appearance. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 4, Slice 4 "Bradford, William" to "Brequigny, Louis" The Functions of the Medulla Oblongata.—The prolongation of the spinal cord, within the skull, has been previously spoken of as the medulla oblongata. A Treatise on Physiology and Hygiene For Educational Institutions and General Readers The process of emesis is regulated by the medulla. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z Finally, some branches may project through the splanchnic nerves to the adrenal medulla. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z For in the medulla are found the nerve nuclei which preside over the facial, laryngeal and pharyngeal muscles. Degeneracy Its Causes, Signs and Results 2011-05-02T02:00:17.657Z The longitudinal fibres ascend from the medulla oblongata and leave the pons by emerging from its upper surface as fibres of the two crura cerebri. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 4, Slice 4 "Bradford, William" to "Brequigny, Louis" A portion of the medulla presides over the important function of respiration, and from it arises the pneumogastric nerve, so called because its branches serve both the lungs and stomach. A Treatise on Physiology and Hygiene For Educational Institutions and General Readers The respiratory center that provides autonomic control of breathing is part of the medulla oblongata. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z In the upper medulla, the salivatory nuclei contain neurons with axons that project through the facial and glossopharyngeal nerves to ganglia that control salivary glands. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z And, on the other hand, the vertical strands are notably increased in their passage through the field of the medulla oblongata. Degeneracy Its Causes, Signs and Results 2011-05-02T02:00:17.657Z The pons possesses a median raphe continuous with that of the medulla oblongata, and formed like it by a decussation of fibres in the mesial plane. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 4, Slice 4 "Bradford, William" to "Brequigny, Louis" The wounding of the gray matter of the medulla, even of a small portion of it, near the origin of the pneumogastric nerve, at once stops the action of the lungs and causes death. A Treatise on Physiology and Hygiene For Educational Institutions and General Readers Create a visual representation of system composed only of the cortex, the medulla oblongata, the heart and the lungs. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z The medulla is stimulated to secrete the amine hormones epinephrine and norepinephrine. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z Under the microscope one may study the oval-shaped medulla, the long pointed cortex, and the flat cuticle cells of an individual hair. The Social Gangster A constriction also occurs in the hind vesicle or rhombencephalon, dividing it into an anterior part, the metencephalon, from which the cerebellum is developed, and a posterior or myelencephalon, the primitive medulla oblongata. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 4, Slice 4 "Bradford, William" to "Brequigny, Louis" What are the functions of the medulla oblongata? A Treatise on Physiology and Hygiene For Educational Institutions and General Readers In proprioception, proprioceptive and kinesthetic signals travel through myelinated afferent neurons running from the spinal cord to the medulla. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z This is short-term stress, the fight-or-flight response, mediated by the hormones epinephrine and norepinephrine from the adrenal medulla via the SAM pathway. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z The heart in vaso-motor paresis and paralysis is weakened in the first instance by the direct action of the poison on the medulla oblongata and the intracardiac ganglia. On Snake-Poison: its Action and its Antidote The grey matter of the medulla oblongata, which contains numerous multipolar nerve cells, is in part continuous with the grey matter of the spinal cord, and in part consists of independent masses. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 4, Slice 4 "Bradford, William" to "Brequigny, Louis" The reflex power of the medulla governs the acts of respiration, which are absolutely and continuously essential to life. A Treatise on Physiology and Hygiene For Educational Institutions and General Readers Once in the medulla, the neurons continue carrying the signals to the thalamus. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z Figure 13.12 The Brain Stem The brain stem comprises three regions: the midbrain, the pons, and the medulla. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z As the vaso-motor centre in the medulla oblongata is also stimulated, as well as the contractions of the heart, there is thus trebly caused a very great rise in the blood-pressure. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 8, Slice 4 "Diameter" to "Dinarchus" As the grey matter of the cord enters the medulla it loses its crescentic arrangement. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 4, Slice 4 "Bradford, William" to "Brequigny, Louis" What is said of walking and other acts in connection with the office performed by the medulla and spinal cord? A Treatise on Physiology and Hygiene For Educational Institutions and General Readers From the medulla, taste signals travel to the thalamus and then to the primary gustatory cortex. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z The brain stem is composed of the midbrain, pons, and medulla. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z But they were only stylized gestures leading to conditioned reflexes deep in the medulla. The Sensitive Man The inferior medullary velum, a reflection of the pia mater and epithelium from the back of the medulla to the inferior vermis, closes it in below. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 4, Slice 4 "Bradford, William" to "Brequigny, Louis" Walking, sitting, and other acts of daily life, become automatic, or reflex, from habit: the mind is seldom directed to them, but delegates their control to the medulla and spinal cord. A Treatise on Physiology and Hygiene For Educational Institutions and General Readers Examples of amino acid-derived hormones include epinephrine and norepinephrine, which are synthesized in the medulla of the adrenal glands, and thyroxine, which is produced by the thyroid gland. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z The spinal trigeminal nucleus of the medulla receives information similar to that carried by spinothalamic tract, such as pain and temperature sensations. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z The lower centers in the medulla and cord that give rise to the autonomic nerves are themselves much under the influence of the higher, cerebral centers. Psychology A Study Of Mental Life Situated on its floor are the fasciculi teretes, striae acusticae, and deposits of grey matter described in connexion with the medulla oblongata. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 4, Slice 4 "Bradford, William" to "Brequigny, Louis" I still felt like pushing the man's Adam's apple through his medulla oblongata. Let'Em Breathe Space The hypothalamus contains autonomic centers that control endocrine cells in the adrenal medulla via neuronal control. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z But the adrenal medulla releases epinephrine and norepinephrine into circulation, so they should be considered hormones. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z I had seen men living with pistol balls imbedded in the medulla oblongata. Stories by American Authors, Volume 10 Moreover the medulla oblongata, which passes through them, is of a silver or whitish colour. Medica Sacra or a Commentary on on the Most Remarkable Diseases Mentioned in the Holy Scriptures A vertical section of the cerebrum, cerebellum, and medulla oblongata, showing the relation of the cranial nerves at their origin. A Treatise on Anatomy, Physiology, and Hygiene (Revised Edition) Short-term stress causes the hypothalamus to trigger the adrenal medulla to release epinephrine and norepinephrine, which trigger the fight or flight response. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z They both emerge from the inner ear, pass through the internal auditory meatus, and synapse in nuclei of the superior medulla. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z The medulla consists of cells containing pigment or fat, is opaque, and deeply colored. Special Report on Diseases of Cattle Currents shifted and repatterned themselves inside the helmet and were fed into Allenby at the base of his skull, at the medulla. Pleasant Journey The uppermost of these is the medulla oblongata. A Treatise on Anatomy, Physiology, and Hygiene (Revised Edition) The adrenal glands are located on top of the kidneys and consist of the renal cortex and renal medulla. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z The spinal trigeminal nucleus, located in the medulla, receives information about crude touch, pain, and temperature to be relayed to the thalamus and cortex. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z All kinds of hair do not have this medulla. Special Report on Diseases of Cattle The vital centres in the medulla oblongata gradually become involved, and death results from paralysis of the respiratory centre. Manual of Surgery Volume Second: Extremities—Head—Neck. Sixth Edition. Some physiologists assert, that the medulla oblongata is the point at which excitement to motion commences, and sensation terminates; and also, that it possesses the power of originating motion in itself. A Treatise on Anatomy, Physiology, and Hygiene (Revised Edition) The adrenal medulla is the inner part of the adrenal gland and produces the catecholamines epinephrine and norepinephrine. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z There is no parasympathetic stimulation to the adrenal medulla. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z Ardor or evolution of warmth is expressed by the prominence of the chin, which corresponds to the medulla oblongata. Buchanan's Journal of Man, November 1887 Volume 1, Number 10 The patient is generally unconscious, and shows signs of injury to the pons and medulla, causing interference with respiration, which soon proves fatal. Manual of Surgery Volume Second: Extremities—Head—Neck. Sixth Edition. The medulla oblongata, unlike the brain, is highly sensitive; if slightly punctured, convulsions follow; if much injured, respiration, or breathing, immediately ceases. A Treatise on Anatomy, Physiology, and Hygiene (Revised Edition) The adrenal medulla secretes two types of hormones. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z As noted previously, the structure of the kidney is divided into two principle regions—the peripheral rim of cortex and the central medulla. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z Even the Leaning Tower of Pisa can be plumbed; and the lead dangled inside Achilles’s tendon when one held the string to the medulla of Annan’s stories.” When Winter Comes to Main Street The symptoms produced by lesions of the pons and medulla vary according to the position of the lesion. Manual of Surgery Volume Second: Extremities—Head—Neck. Sixth Edition. What do some physiologists assert of the medulla oblongata? A Treatise on Anatomy, Physiology, and Hygiene (Revised Edition) “Broken as a man’s neck is broken by hanging—dislocation, really—the disjointing of the medulla oblongata, if you don’t mind technicalities,” he said. Northern Lights The descending and ascending loop and vasa recta form a countercurrent multiplier system to increase Na+ concentration in the kidney medulla. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z The letter c is placed on the restiform bodies or posterior part of the medulla oblongata of the cod. Buchanan's Journal of Man, June 1887 Volume 1, Number 5 When it is compressed by a tumour in the region of the medulla, there is interference with speech and deglutition, ulcers form on the tongue, and œdema of the glottis may supervene. Manual of Surgery Volume Second: Extremities—Head—Neck. Sixth Edition. What is called the fourth ventricle is the small space between the medulla oblongata and the cerebellum. Buchanan's Journal of Man, May 1887 Volume 1, Number 4 Let him swear by his instincts more, and live with his medulla oblongata. The Lost Art of Reading The medulla, where thymocytes migrate before leaving the thymus, contains a less dense collection of thymocytes, epithelial cells, and dendritic cells. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z To accomplish a true reflex movement, a whole mechanism is necessary, set up in the spinal cord or the medulla. Creative Evolution There is sometimes unilateral or even bilateral spastic paralysis of the limbs from pressure on the medulla oblongata. Manual of Surgery Volume Second: Extremities—Head—Neck. Sixth Edition. The fibres from the cerebellum to the quadrigemina are shown, and the space at the back of the medulla, called the fourth ventricle. Buchanan's Journal of Man, May 1887 Volume 1, Number 4 We observe posteriorly the medulla oblongata, on the face of which we may observe the crossing of the fibres, and on the side of which we observe the origins of many nerves. Buchanan's Journal of Man, April 1887 Volume 1, Number 3 In the human vertebrate evolutionary past, stress was associated with the fight-or-flight response, largely mediated by the central nervous system and the adrenal medulla. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z I think much of the diseases of the "heart" are not of the organ but from a feeble supply of electricity that is cut off in medulla or heart nerves, between heart and brain. Philosophy of Osteopathy Throughout this part of its course, numerous axons leave the tract, and enter the mid-brain, pons, and medulla in which lie the nuclei of the motor cranial nerves. Manual of Surgery Volume Second: Extremities—Head—Neck. Sixth Edition. Beginning at the bottom of the figure, we observe the medulla oblongata rising from the spinal cord to reach the cerebrum. Buchanan's Journal of Man, May 1887 Volume 1, Number 4 Above the medulla we observe the pons Varolii, just above which we observe the fibres ascending to each hemisphere under the name of crus cerebri, or thigh of the cerebrum. Buchanan's Journal of Man, April 1887 Volume 1, Number 3 As in the previous phase, the complex neuromuscular actions are controlled by the medulla oblongata. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z Baby knows the laws of nature Are beneficent and wise; His medulla oblongata Bids my darling close his eyes. The Book of Humorous Verse The cortex is the least resistant part, and next in order follow the corona radiata, the grey matter of the spinal cord, the pons, and, last, the medulla oblongata. Manual of Surgery Volume Second: Extremities—Head—Neck. Sixth Edition. That the medulla spinalis was here affected, and in its lower part, is not to be doubted: but this, unfortunately, was never ascertained by examination. An Essay on the Shaking Palsy The medulla oblongata is the prolongation of the spinal cord, extending to the pons Varolii. Special Report on Diseases of the Horse The adrenal medulla, in turn, produces a generalized vasoconstriction through the release of epinephrine. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z In the medulla oblongata exists a nervous centre called the vaso-motor centre, because of its close relations with the vaso-motor nerves. The Education of American Girls From the internal capsule, the motor fibres pass as the pyramidal tract through the crusta of each crus cerebri, the pons and the medulla oblongata. Manual of Surgery Volume Second: Extremities—Head—Neck. Sixth Edition. The medulla oblongata not growing so hard as the spinalis, was doubtless owing to its not being confined in an osseous theca, but surrounded with soft parts, which allowed it room to spread. An Essay on the Shaking Palsy The pons Varolii is the transverse projection on the base of the brain, between the medulla oblongata and the peduncles of the cerebrum. Special Report on Diseases of the Horse The two structures of the adrenal glands arise from two different germ layers: the adrenal cortex from the mesoderm and the adrenal medulla from ectoderm neural cells. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z This center probably lies in the medulla oblongata. Psychotherapy When this occurs suddenly, the odontoid process may impinge on the medulla and upper part of the cord and cause sudden death. Manual of Surgery Volume Second: Extremities—Head—Neck. Sixth Edition. When the medulla of the back was completely divided, there was momentary loss of sight, loss of memory for fifteen minutes, and permanent insensibility in all the lower parts of the body. An Essay on the Shaking Palsy The cerebellum is lodged in the posterior part of the cranial cavity, immediately above the medulla oblongata; it is globular or elliptical in shape, the transverse diameter being greatest. Special Report on Diseases of the Horse If innervation to the adrenal medulla were disrupted, what would be the physiological outcome? Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z Development of brain fibre laterally gives a wide head, longitudinally, from the medulla oblongata to the forehead and to the occiput, a long head. How to Become Rich A Treatise on Phrenology, Choice of Professions and Matrimony In the cerebrum, the intellect and the affections; in the cerebellum, the senses and the motor forces; in the medulla oblongata, control of the diaphragm. The Ape, the Idiot & Other People It thence appears, that none of the characteristic symptoms of this malady are produced by compression, laceration, or complete division of the medulla spinalis. An Essay on the Shaking Palsy Inflammation may, however, exist in the center of the great nerve masses—the cerebrum, cerebellum, pons Varolii, or medulla at the base of the brain—without involving the surface. Special Report on Diseases of the Horse The axons in the dorsal column terminate in the nuclei of the medulla, where each synapses with the second neuron in their respective pathway. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z Why is the medulla such an important part of the nervous system? A Handbook of Health The Central System.—In the brain we easily distinguish three major divisions—the cerebrum, the cerebellum and the medulla oblongata. The Mind and Its Education These circumstances suggested the probability of slight inflammation, or increased determination to the origin of the nerves of these parts, and to the neighbouring medulla. An Essay on the Shaking Palsy The cause may exist at the base of the brain, compression along its course after it leaves the medulla oblongata, or to a bruise after it spreads out on the great masseter muscle. Special Report on Diseases of the Horse The sensory pathway for audition travels along the vestibulocochlear nerve, which synapses with neurons in the cochlear nuclei of the superior medulla. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z The soft nerve tissue that extends from the medulla almost to the end of the spinal column, being encased by it. A Handbook of Health The medulla is but the enlarged upper part of the cord where it connects with the brain. The Mind and Its Education All that has been ventured to assume here, has been that the disease depends on a disordered state of that part of the medulla which is contained in the cervical vertebræ. An Essay on the Shaking Palsy In the medulla oblongata, which lies between the spinal cord and the cerebellum, are the centers governing the circulation and breathing. Special Report on Diseases of the Horse Most of the axons terminate in the vestibular nuclei of the medulla. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z Says Carpenter, the learned physiologist, "The seat of the sexual sensation is no longer supposed to be in the cerebellum generally; but probably in its central portion, or some part of the medulla oblongata." Plain Facts for Old and Young In the medulla, the unmedullated neurones which comprise the center of the cord are passing to the outside, and the medullated to the inside, thus taking the positions they occupy in the cerebrum. The Mind and Its Education But of what nature that morbid change is; and whether originating in the medulla itself, in its membranes, or in the containing theca, is, at present, the subject of doubt and conjecture. An Essay on the Shaking Palsy The respiratory centre, consisting of an expiratory and inspiratory division, is situated in the bulb, or medulla oblongata, the portion of the brain just above the spinal cord. Voice Production in Singing and Speaking Based on Scientific Principles (Fourth Edition, Revised and Enlarged) The hormones released from the adrenal medulla—epinephrine and norepinephrine—will also bind to these receptors. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z Consciousness is entirely unaffected by physostigmine, there being apparently no action on any part of the brain above the medulla oblongata. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 4, Part 4 "Bulgaria" to "Calgary" B, basis of the crura; P, pons; Mo, medulla oblongata; Ce, cerebellum; Sc, spinal cord. The Mind and Its Education "Willie, my son, get a light luncheon from the gentleman's medulla oblongata, and I will eat a small steak from his solar plexus—ping-ding-a-zing-a-boom!" Skiddoo! The chief respiratory centre—the centre—is situated in that portion of the brain just above the spinal cord, in its continuation, in fact, and is known as the medulla oblongata, or bulb. Voice Production in Singing and Speaking Based on Scientific Principles (Fourth Edition, Revised and Enlarged) The adrenal glands, located superior to each kidney, consist of two regions: the adrenal cortex and adrenal medulla. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z For the protection of the medulla nothing is better than the admirable hat recently placed on the market by the benevolent enterprise of a great newspaper. Punch, or the London Charivari, Vol. 159, 1920-11-17 The gray matter of the cerebellum, the medulla, and the cord may receive impressions from the senses and respond to them with movements, but their response is in all cases wholly automatic and unconscious. The Mind and Its Education Its effects are due chiefly to depression of the central nervous system, the medulla being the last part of the nervous system to be attacked. Aids to Forensic Medicine and Toxicology The Bulb, or medulla oblongata, is, properly speaking, an enlargement of the spinal cord within the cranial cavity. Physiology and Hygiene for Secondary Schools The adrenal medulla at the core of the gland produces epinephrine and norepinephrine. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z The algal host cells lie in the medulla, just below the upper cortex. Ohio Biological Survey, Bull. 10, Vol. 11, No. 6 The Ascomycetes of Ohio IV and V S, fissure of Sylvius; M, the medulla; VII, the roots of the facial nerves. The Mind and Its Education The lesion presents, on a small scale, all the anatomical changes that have been described as occurring in the medulla of the tibia or ulna, and they are easily followed in skiagrams. Manual of Surgery Volume First: General Surgery. Sixth Edition. The inferior part of the brain lying below the cerebrum and above the pons and medulla. Mother's Remedies Over One Thousand Tried and Tested Remedies from Mothers of the United States and Canada A perceived threat results in the secretion of epinephrine and norepinephrine from the adrenal medulla, which mediate the fight-or-flight response. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z A section through the thallus of Peltigera canina, showing the cortex above and the medulla below, the medullary hyphae of the lower portion running in a somewhat horizontal direction. Ohio Biological Survey, Bull. 10, Vol. 11, No. 6 The Ascomycetes of Ohio IV and V These organs never receive impressions directly from the outside world, but only from lower nerve-centres, such as the spinal cord, the medulla, the optic lobes, and other special centres of sensation. The Destiny of Man Viewed in the Light of His Origin Motor disturbances are exceptional, unless in the case of tumours within the vertebral canal, which press on the spinal medulla and cause paraplegia. Manual of Surgery Volume First: General Surgery. Sixth Edition. It can be ascertained that the virus is present in the medulla oblongata before the lower portion of the cord. Mother's Remedies Over One Thousand Tried and Tested Remedies from Mothers of the United States and Canada Neurogenic shock is a form of vascular shock that occurs with cranial or spinal injuries that damage the cardiovascular centers in the medulla oblongata or the nervous fibers originating from this region. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z "You are the callant who told me that the medulla oblongata—" "Please—" I entreated. The Ghost A Modern Fantasy Lameness originating from nerve affection, may involve central structures as, for example, the spinal cord, medulla oblongata or parts of the brain. Lameness of the Horse Veterinary Practitioners' Series, No. 1 Nerves are liable to be cut or torn across, bruised, compressed, stretched, or torn away from their connections with the spinal medulla. Manual of Surgery Volume First: General Surgery. Sixth Edition. In fact, bass will not be induced to decently decease by any civilized process short of a powerful shock from a voltaic pile administered in the region of their medulla oblongata. Lippincott's Magazine of Popular Literature and Science October, 1877. Vol XX - No. 118 The sympathetic system has a specialized preganglionic connection to the adrenal medulla that causes epinephrine and norepinephrine to be released into the bloodstream rather than exciting a neuron that contacts an organ directly. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z Hence it appears, that as the muscles consist of larger fibres intermixed with a smaller quantity of nervous medulla, the organ of vision consists of a greater quantity of nervous medulla intermixed with smaller fibres. Zoonomia, Vol. I Or, the Laws of Organic Life "Mr. Fenton," said he, "did you ever see a medulla oblongata?" Sevenoaks In the distal end, it extends throughout the entire peripheral distribution of the nerve, and appears to be due to the cutting off of the fibres from their trophic nerve cells in the spinal medulla. Manual of Surgery Volume First: General Surgery. Sixth Edition. As the fruit forms, the farinaceous medulla disappears, and when the tree, attains full maturity, the stem is no more than a hollow shell. The Commercial Products of the Vegetable Kingdom Considered in Their Various Uses to Man and in Their Relation to the Arts and Manufactures; Forming a Practical Treatise & Handbook of Reference for the Colonist, Manufacturer, Merchant, and Consumer, on the Cultivation, Preparation for Shipment, and Commercial Value, &c. of the Various Substances Obtained From Trees and Plants, Entering into the Husbandry of Tropical and Sub-tropical Regions, &c. If a patient cannot recognize a painful stimulus, that might indicate damage to the spinal trigeminal nucleus in the medulla. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z As has been previously said, however, care should be exercised to avoid dangerous exsanguination of the trunk, and consequently of the respiratory and cardiac centers contained in the medulla. Scientific American Supplement No. 822, October 3, 1891 Taste sends messages to the nerve-centers in the medulla oblongata; these centers in turn flash signals to the stomach glands, which immediately "get busy" preparing the all-important gastric juice. Outwitting Our Nerves A Primer of Psychotherapy It may result also from the pressure of an abscess or an aneurysm either inside the pelvis or in the buttock, and is sometimes associated with disease of the spinal medulla, such as tabes. Manual of Surgery Volume First: General Surgery. Sixth Edition. The medulla, which controls especially the internal organs. The Whence and the Whither of Man A Brief History of His Origin and Development through Conformity to Environment; Being the Morse Lectures of 1895 The medulla also contains important regions that regulate the cardiovascular, respiratory, and digestive systems, as well as being the pathway for ascending and descending tracts between the brain and spinal cord. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z The upper end of the medulla oblongata is continuous with a nervous mass which joins the two brain hemispheres together, and hence is known as the pons or bridge. Lippincott's Magazine of Popular Literature and Science Volume 15, No. 86, February, 1875 "The 'thing' you threw out happened to be the cerebellum and medulla of an extremely eminent English Theologian!" The White Linen Nurse The toxins interfere with the nerve-centres in the medulla that regulate the balance between the production and the loss of body heat. Manual of Surgery Volume First: General Surgery. Sixth Edition. We have never found a good English name for this structure, so we use its clumsy Latin one—Medulla oblongata—or medulla for short. A Book of Exposition Neurons in the salivary nuclei of the medulla project through these two nerves as preganglionic fibers, and synapse in ganglia located in the head. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z The vaso-motor nerves have their governing centre in that upper portion of the spinal cord which is within the skull, the so-called medulla oblongata. Lippincott's Magazine of Popular Literature and Science Volume 15, No. 86, February, 1875 The medulla, or lower brain, then becomes paralyzed, the vital organs cease to act and the man is no longer "dead" drunk. Psychology and Achievement Being the First of a Series of Twelve Volumes on the Applications of Psychology to the Problems of Personal and Business Efficiency The toxin acts principally on the nerve centres in the spinal medulla, to which it travels from the focus of infection by way of the nerve fibres supplying the voluntary muscles. Manual of Surgery Volume First: General Surgery. Sixth Edition. In the medulla are placed offices or centres which regulate the vital operations carried on by the heart and by the lungs. A Book of Exposition They signal the cardiovascular center as well as the respiratory centers in the medulla oblongata. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z Cutting the medulla at its junction with the pons causes, then, an immediate and direct elevation of temperature, without disturbance of the circulation. Lippincott's Magazine of Popular Literature and Science Volume 15, No. 86, February, 1875 The impulse passes thence to the medulla, and so reaching the sensory centres starts a feeling of pain that radiates into the chest or down the arm. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 2, Part 1, Slice 1 "I should add that this condition extended through both the larger and the smaller brain, the cerebrum and cerebellum, but was not so marked in the medulla or commencing portion of the spinal cord." Grappling with the Monster The Curse and the Cure of Strong Drink In creating a movable joint for the head, then, a safe passage had to be obtained for the medulla—that part of the great nerve stem which joins the brain to the spinal cord. A Book of Exposition Later, the cells become double positives that express both CD4 and CD8 markers and move from the cortex to the junction between the cortex and medulla. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z In course of time the whole thing will come to be managed automatically downstairs without any references either to papa, the cerebrum, or to mamma, the cerebellum, or even to the medulla oblongata, the housekeeper. The Bed-Book of Happiness Ordinary breathing is an automatic act governed by the respiratory centre in the medulla. The Brain and the Voice in Speech and Song The part played by the cerebrum, cerebellum, and medulla oblongata—the three brains of man. Clairvoyance and Occult Powers The medulla is part of the brain stem. A Book of Exposition The respiratory rate is controlled by the respiratory center located within the medulla oblongata in the brain, which responds primarily to changes in carbon dioxide, oxygen, and pH levels in the blood. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z As I put my eye to the instrument, there, straying across the circular field, were the broad gray stripes, each with its dark line of medulla obscured at intervals by rings of tiny bubbles. The Uttermost Farthing A Savant's Vendetta Arrows are represented passing from the centre of phonation to the lower centres in the medulla which preside over the muscles of the jaw, tongue, lips, and larynx. The Brain and the Voice in Speech and Song This, however, when the suppuration is abundant, cannot commonly occur, as the bloodvessels within the bone—those of the medulla—commence to supply blood to the affected part. Diseases of the Horse's Foot On opening the head of the second fetus, another, three inches long, was found in the medulla oblongata, and in the cranial cavity with it were two additional fetuses, neither of which was perfectly formed. Anomalies and Curiosities of Medicine In addition to the catecholamines from the adrenal medulla, other hormones also demonstrate positive inotropic effects. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z In this case I open the cranium and remove the brain and medulla oblongata. Ponkapog Papers These centres in the medulla preside over the centres in the spinal cord which are in direct relation to the inspiratory and expiratory muscles. The Brain and the Voice in Speech and Song Does not this seem to shew that the leaf and its bud have connecting vessels though they arise at different times and from different parts of the medulla or pith? The Botanic Garden A Poem in Two Parts. Part 1: the Economy of Vegetation The first level represents the type of simplest reflex and involuntary movement and is localized in the gray matter of the spinal cord, medulla, and pons. Youth: Its Education, Regimen, and Hygiene However, some medical conditions, such as stroke and congestive heart failure, may cause damage to the pons or medulla oblongata. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z The gray layer is connected with the posterior portion of the brain, the isthmus or medulla oblongata, by the white nerve tissue. Common Diseases of Farm Animals The stem of the brain, the medulla oblongata, and the spinal cord, consists externally of white matter, the grey matter being internal. The Brain and the Voice in Speech and Song I conceive the medulla of a plant to consist of a bundle of nervous fibres, and that the propelling vital power separates their uppermost extremities. The Botanic Garden A Poem in Two Parts. Part 1: the Economy of Vegetation I therefore taught the Ranchi students my simple "Yogoda" techniques by which the life force, centred in man's medulla oblongata, can be consciously and instantly recharged from the unlimited supply of cosmic energy. Autobiography of a Yogi The loops of cortical nephrons do not extend into the renal medulla very far, if at all. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z The isthmus or medulla oblongata is elongated from before to behind and connects the cerebral hemispheres with the spinal cord, anteriorly and posteriorly. Common Diseases of Farm Animals With voluntary breathing the respiratory centre in the medulla has nothing to do. The Brain and the Voice in Speech and Song This medulla Linneus believes to consist of a bundle of fibres, which diverging breaks through the bark yet gelatinous producing the buds. The Botanic Garden A Poem in Two Parts. Part 1: the Economy of Vegetation The invisible power flows into the human body through the gate of the medulla oblongata. Autobiography of a Yogi Juxtamedullary nephrons have loops that extend variable distances, some very deep into the medulla. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z On its under surface is a depression which receives the medulla oblongata. A Practical Physiology The reaction of the skin blood vessels to heat and humidity is regulated by the adrenal medulla. The Glands Regulating Personality The accessory, or eleventh pair of nerves, rise from the spinal cord, run up to the medulla oblongata, and thence leave the skull at the same opening with the ninth and tenth pairs. Hygienic Physiology : with Special Reference to the Use of Alcoholic Drinks and Narcotics The narrow central canal of the spinal cord continues above into the quadrangular fourth cerebral cavity of the medulla oblongata, the floor of which is the quadrangular depression. The Evolution of Man — Volume 2 Thus, the movement of Na+ and urea into the interstitial spaces by these mechanisms creates the hyperosmotic environment of the medulla. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z The functions of the medulla oblongata are closely connected with the vital processes. A Practical Physiology In degeneration of the interior of the gland, which destroys the medulla, but not the cortex, the color of the skin is left unmodified. The Glands Regulating Personality The medulla oblongata carries on the process of respiration. Hygienic Physiology : with Special Reference to the Use of Alcoholic Drinks and Narcotics Baby knows the laws of nature Are beneficent and wise; His medulla oblongata Bids my darling close his eyes And his pneumogastrics tell him Quietude is always best When his little cerebellum Needs recuperative rest. Masterpieces of American Wit and Humor Water is attracted by the high osmotic environment of the deep kidney medulla. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z In the anterior part of the medulla, pass the nerves for motor transmission, that is, nerve influences from above downwards that shall result in muscular contractions in some part of the body. A Practical Physiology The exact amount of it present in the medulla, in the blood issuing from the adrenals and in the circulation in general have been determined. The Glands Regulating Personality The motory nerves, as they descend from the brain, in the medulla oblongata, cross each other to the opposite side of the spinal cord. Hygienic Physiology : with Special Reference to the Use of Alcoholic Drinks and Narcotics In course of time the whole thing will come to be managed automatically downstairs without any reference either to papa, the cerebrum, or to mamma, the cerebellum, or even to the medulla oblongata, the housekeeper. The Note-Books of Samuel Butler The collecting ducts actively pump urea into the medulla, further contributing to the high osmotic environment. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z Passing from the medulla they descend near the œsophagus to the stomach, sending off, on their way, branches to the throat, the larynx, the lungs, and the heart. A Practical Physiology While the ovary, stimulated by the thyroid and the adrenal medulla, is the chief determinant of the sex instinct, to the posterior pituitary must be credited the chief hormone of the maternal instinct. The Glands Regulating Personality For four long years my brother had suffered from a weakness of all the muscles, which made me always fear that the seat of the trouble was the medulla oblongata. Louis Agassiz: His Life and Correspondence A hard, brittle, yellowish substance occupied the position of the medulla in the fragments of the hyoidal bone. Insectivorous Plants Changes in the pH of CSF affect the respiratory center in the medulla oblongata, which can directly modulate breathing rate to bring the pH back into the normal range. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z This tiny channel, just visible to the naked eye, is connected with one of the openings of the medulla oblongata, and extends, as do the anterior and posterior fissures, the entire length of the cord. A Practical Physiology In the large, the curve of his life is the curve of secretion by this gland, both of its Cortex and medulla. The Glands Regulating Personality As the species and families rose in the scale of evolution, the brain developed proportionately from behind forward and became differentiated into three distinct divisions: the medulla oblongata, the cerebellum, and the cerebrum. Nature Cure In many instances the fibrous part takes up the whole interior, but in the centre of the coarser hair there is the medulla or pith, composed of very minute cells. The Art of Living in Australia ; together with three hundred Australian cookery recipes and accessory kitchen information by Mrs. H. Wicken These higher centers have descending control of the autonomic system through brain stem centers, primarily in the medulla, such as the cardiovascular center. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z This, too, is beyond the control of the will, and is brought about by the vaso-motor nerves of the sympathetic system through a reflex arrangement, the center for which is the medulla oblongata. A Practical Physiology For normally, with feminine puberty, there is an increased activity of the thyroid, the posterior pituitary and the adrenal medulla. The Glands Regulating Personality The cerebellum, in front of and above the medulla, is the seat of the centers for the coordination of muscular activities and for maintaining the equilibrium of the body. Nature Cure It was lying in the brain, having entered at the base of the skull, passed obliquely upward, and at once struck the medulla oblongata, causing instant death. The Leavenworth Case Sensory input from the heart, aorta, and carotid sinuses project to these regions of the medulla. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z A part of the medulla oblongata, the destruction of which causes instant death. A Practical Physiology Ovary and adrenal medulla and posterior pituitary and thyroid predominance constitute the feminine formula. The Glands Regulating Personality The attacks of syncope are doubtless due to anemia of the medulla, because of the infrequent ventricular contractions. Disturbances of the Heart I must also mention Dr. Dean's exquisite microscopic photographs from sections of the medulla oblongata, which appear to me to promise a new development, if not a new epoch, in anatomical art. Medical Essays, 1842-1882 The lateral rectus is controlled by neurons of the abducens nucleus in the superior medulla, whereas the medial rectus is controlled by neurons in the oculomotor nucleus of the midbrain. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z The medulla of the hair contains the pigment granules or coloring matter, which may be of any shade between a light yellow and an intense black. A Practical Physiology Fear and anger, respectively bound up with the activities of the adrenal medulla and cortex, we shall see, provide as good exemplars as any of this process. The Glands Regulating Personality This anemia of the medulla and of the brain may also cause an epileptic seizure, or a partial paralytic seizure without any apparent paralysis. Disturbances of the Heart Whereupon the cold circle left Casey's medulla oblongata and a long-faced, long-legged youth stepped somewhat hastily to one side. The Trail of the White Mule The ICP arises from the medulla—specifically from the inferior olive, which is visible as a bulge on the ventral surface of the brain stem. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z The three principal masses which make up the brain when viewed as a whole are: The cerebrum, or brain proper.The cerebellum, or lesser brain.The medulla oblongata. A Practical Physiology The adrenal medulla reinforced by the thyroid makes for terror, the adrenal cortex reinforced by the thyroid makes for fury. The Glands Regulating Personality It may be slowed or made rapid by reflex irritations, and it may be seriously interfered with by cerebral lesions; pressure on the vagus centers in the medulla oblongata will make it very slow. Disturbances of the Heart The body is simply a large hydraulic machine, controlled by "the aether" or "sensitive soul," and the chief centre of this soul lies in the medulla. A History of Science — Volume 4 The paired vertebral arteries join together to form the large basilar artery at the base of the medulla oblongata. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z The medulla oblongata consists, like the spinal cord, of columns of white fibers and masses of gray matter, but differently arranged. A Practical Physiology It depends upon the proportion of adrenal cortex to medulla secretion in them. The Glands Regulating Personality In the cortex and in the cerebellum, the changes in the brain-cells were in every instance more marked than in the medulla. Origin and Nature of Emotions In the case of the reflex function alone the muscles are excited by a stimulus acting mediately and indirectly in a curved and reflex course, along superficial subcutaneous or submucous nerves proceeding from the medulla. A History of Science — Volume 4 Neural mechanisms include the cardiovascular centers in the medulla oblongata, baroreceptors in the aorta and carotid arteries and right atrium, and associated chemoreceptors that monitor blood levels of oxygen, carbon dioxide, and hydrogen ions. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z Through the posterior part of the medulla the sensory impressions pass, that is, impressions from below upwards to the brain resulting in sensation or feeling. A Practical Physiology But even in the least fearsome, i.e., an individual in whom cortex dominates medulla, there may be fear—complexes, dating back to events and times when medulla overtopped cortex, especially childhood. The Glands Regulating Personality An animal may live for weeks or months after excision of the cerebral hemispheres and the cerebellum, while an overtransfused animal may live many hours, days even, after the destruction of the medulla. Origin and Nature of Emotions The last requires the connection with the medulla to be preserved entire. A History of Science — Volume 4 It would follow that courage meant simply inhibition of the adrenal medulla. The Glands Regulating Personality In the medulla also are centers for coughing, vomiting, swallowing, and the dilatation of the pupil of the eye. A Practical Physiology All the evidence points to its medulla as the secretor of the substance which makes for the phenomena of fear, and to its cortex as dominant in the reactions of anger. The Glands Regulating Personality The thyroid and the adrenal medulla also exert their influence. The Glands Regulating Personality Now this is effected by removing the cerebrum and the medulla oblongata. A History of Science — Volume 4 The characteristic staining power appears to be dependent upon, or correlated with, the presence of the internal secretion of the medulla of the adrenal, adrenalin. The Glands Regulating Personality The next three pairs of nerves all arise from the medulla, and escape from the cavity of the skull through the same foramen. A Practical Physiology In women, the adrenal medulla naturally tends to overtop the cortex, because the latter makes for masculinity. The Glands Regulating Personality Upon the medulla, the interior gland of the gland, there has been lavished an amount of attention beside which the cortex is to be classed as a neglected wall-flower. The Glands Regulating Personality In the first place, the medulla contains numerous nerve cells, belonging to the vegetative, also called the sympathetic nervous system. The Glands Regulating Personality Chemical tests demonstrated that it originated in the medulla. The Glands Regulating Personality It is a continuation of the medulla oblongata, and is lodged in the canal of the spinal column. A Practical Physiology Besides, the recurring cycle in the ovary, making the corpus luteum, evolves an additional stimulant to the medulla, through its irritating influence upon the thyroid. The Glands Regulating Personality A nerve tract, in use as the line for that particular message in a hundred thousand generations of cats, whirrs its yell to the medulla of the adrenal gland. The Glands Regulating Personality Habitually fleeing and fearful animals, like the rabbit, have a small cortex and a wide medulla in their adrenals. The Glands Regulating Personality |
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