| 单词 | lysosome |
| 例句 | Like a hungry Pac-Man, lysosomes eat bacteria and unwanted material in the cell. Ever wondered how your cells work? They’re like tiny factories. 2017-05-26T04:00:00Z The vesicle fuses with a lysosome, and proteins inside the lysosome digest the food particle. Fundamentals of Biology 2015-01-01T00:00:00Z Figure 3.12 A macrophage has phagocytized a potentially pathogenic bacterium into a vesicle, which then fuses with a lysosome within the cell so that the pathogen can be destroyed. Concepts of Biology 2013-04-25T00:00:00Z That ultimately damages the function of lysosomes, the cellular trash collectors that degrade unwanted proteins, and the damage is thought to contribute to the disease. Twist of fate: What happens when a top Parkinson’s researcher gets the disease 2023-05-04T04:00:00Z Another key protein, progranulin, regulates cell growth and a part of the cell called the lysosome that breaks down cellular waste products. How frontotemporal dementia, the syndrome affecting Bruce Willis, changes the brain 2023-02-26T05:00:00Z The food vesicle fuses with a lysosome, which digests the food. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z Vacuoles, vesicles, lysosomes, and the cytoskeleton represent the cellular factory’s storage space, cleanup crew, and support structures. Miller & Levine Biology 2018-01-01T00:00:00Z This vesicle then fuses with a lysosome, and the food particle is broken down into small molecules that can diffuse into the cytoplasm and be used in cellular metabolism. Concepts of Biology 2013-04-25T00:00:00Z A lysosome is an organelle that contains enzymes that break down and digest unneeded cellular components, such as a damaged organelle. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z All eukaryotes have the exact same set of organelles familiar to anyone who has studied cell biology: nucleus, nucleolus, ribosomes, rough and smooth endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, cytoskeleton, lysosome and centriole. Heated Debate Persists over the Origins of Complex Cells 2022-06-13T04:00:00Z The food vesicle fuses with a lysosome, which digests the food. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z The mutations kick Rab into overdrive and reduce the efficiency of cellular structures called lysosomes, which chew up and recycle unwanted proteins. Experimental drug targets early stages of Parkinson’s 2022-06-07T04:00:00Z Figure 13.14 The stages of phagocytosis include the engulfment of a food particle, the digestion of the particle using hydrolytic enzymes contained within a lysosome, and the expulsion of undigested material from the cell. Concepts of Biology 2013-04-25T00:00:00Z As one might imagine, such phagocytic defense cells contain large numbers of lysosomes. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z These molecules bind an extracellular target protein and a cell-surface receptor that pulls the protein into a cell and delivers it to the lysosome, a trash compactor responsible for degrading extracellular proteins. Protein-destroying compounds take aim at disease molecules outside cells 2021-08-31T04:00:00Z Neutrophils have a nucleus with two to five lobes, and they contain organelles, called lysosomes, that digest engulfed pathogens. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z Larger molecules that do not fit into the proteasome, such as protein clumps and old, misshapen proteins with age-related damage, get shuttled toward the autophagy system and its more powerful engine of destruction, the lysosome. Five Types of Research, Underexplored until Recently, Could Produce Alzheimer’s Treatments 2020-04-22T04:00:00Z Digestive enzymes within the lysosomes aid the breakdown of proteins, polysaccharides, lipids, nucleic acids, and even worn-out organelles. Concepts of Biology 2013-04-25T00:00:00Z Under certain circumstances, lysosomes perform a more grand and dire function. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z The snagged receptors shuttle into the cell and get sent to the lysosome. Protein-destroying compounds take aim at disease molecules outside cells 2021-08-31T04:00:00Z After phagocytosis by APCs, the phagocytic vesicle fuses with an intracellular lysosome forming phagolysosome. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z Thyroglobulin is then digested in organelles called lysosomes, producing free triiodothyronine and thyroxine, which are finally released into the bloodstream. Molecular architecture of the key precursor of thyroid hormones revealed 2020-02-04T05:00:00Z It includes the nuclear envelope, lysosomes, and vesicles, the endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus, which we will cover shortly. Concepts of Biology 2013-04-25T00:00:00Z Some of these protein products are enzymes destined to break down unwanted material and are packaged as lysosomes for use inside the cell. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z They destroy old proteins inside tiny housekeeping machines called lysosomes. This Strange Microbe May Mark One of Life’s Great Leaps 2020-01-15T05:00:00Z In contrast, animal cells have centrosomes and lysosomes but lack cell walls. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z Once ingested, the cells are enveloped in membrane from an organelle called the lysosome and digested. Senescent cells feed on their neighbours 2019-10-27T04:00:00Z In single-celled eukaryotes, lysosomes are important for digestion of the food they ingest and the recycling of organelles. Concepts of Biology 2013-04-25T00:00:00Z Compare and contrast lysosomes with peroxisomes: name at least two similarities and one difference. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z That mutation interferes with the operation of lysosomes, which act as the waste disposal systems for cells. Mutant sheep are being bred in lab to fight lethal child brain disease 2019-08-24T04:00:00Z The function of lysosomes would be hindered, as hydrolases are formed by nucleolus. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z This might account for a portion of the numerous lysosomes that are a hallmark of senescent cells. Senescent cells feed on their neighbours 2019-10-27T04:00:00Z The endomembrane system includes the nuclear envelope, the endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, lysosomes, vesicles, as well as the plasma membrane. Concepts of Biology 2013-04-25T00:00:00Z The enzyme-containing vesicles released by the Golgi may form new lysosomes, or fuse with existing, lysosomes. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z The team showed that all three known autophagy “routes” were affected by lonafranib, suggesting that the drug may exert its beneficial effects by influencing lysosome activity. Repurposed Drug Could Offer Hope after Many Alzheimer's Trial Failures 2019-03-28T04:00:00Z Animal cells each have a centrosome and lysosomes, whereas most plant cells do not. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z Ingested cells are broken down in a digestive organelle called the lysosome. Senescent cells feed on their neighbours 2019-10-27T04:00:00Z After phagocytosis by a macrophage, the phagocytic vesicle fuses with an intracellular lysosome. Concepts of Biology 2013-04-25T00:00:00Z In the case of damaged or unhealthy cells, lysosomes can be triggered to open up and release their digestive enzymes into the cytoplasm of the cell, killing the cell. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z Without properly working lysosomes, waste builds up and kills neural cells, causing brain damage and death by adolescence. A tailormade drug developed in record time may save girl from fatal brain disease 2018-10-19T04:00:00Z Enzymes within the lysosomes aid the breakdown of proteins, polysaccharides, lipids, nucleic acids, and even worn-out organelles. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z The group found that old insulin granules are destroyed by fusing with an organelle called the lysosome to form another organelle known as the crinosome, in which insulin peptides arise. Peptide secretion triggers diabetes 2018-07-17T04:00:00Z At the tip of the head of a sperm cell is a structure like a lysosome called the acrosome, which contains enzymes. Concepts of Biology 2013-04-25T00:00:00Z The phagocyte takes the organism inside itself as a phagosome, which subsequently fuses with a lysosome and its digestive enzymes, effectively killing many pathogens. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z Once there, the macrophages formed TNTs with injured cells and transferred lysosomes—tiny packages full of healthy enzymes—to the diseased cells, Cherqui explained. Cells Talk and Help One Another via Tiny Tube Networks 2018-05-07T04:00:00Z When salmonella bacteria are engulfed by a white blood cell during phagocytosis, it secretes a protein that prevents the fusion of the encased bacteria with the lysosome of the cell. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z Activated lysosomes, in turn, promote a metabolic shift that mobilizes protein aggregates for degradation, and reset proteostasis by enveloping and clearing the aggregates. A lysosomal switch triggers proteostasis renewal in the immortal C. elegans germ lineage 2017-11-21T05:00:00Z The lysosomes in the frog eggs became acidic, just as happens in worms. Young Again: How One Cell Turns Back Time 2017-11-22T05:00:00Z When the person was alive these enzymes were held within parts of the cell known as the lysosomes. How to Make a Mummy (Accidentally) 2017-06-02T04:00:00Z The diseased cells also sent their defective lysosomes back to the macrophages through the same channels. Cells Talk and Help One Another via Tiny Tube Networks 2018-05-07T04:00:00Z Therefore, the pH within lysosomes is more acidic than the pH of the cytoplasm. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z They then fuse with organelles called lysosomes, which carry enzymes that help dissolve whatever is inside. $25 Million in Breakthrough Prizes Given in Science and Math 2016-12-04T05:00:00Z That change switches on the enzymes inside the lysosomes, allowing them to swiftly shred the clumps. Young Again: How One Cell Turns Back Time 2017-11-22T05:00:00Z Advances in genetics and experimental model systems have illuminated an important role for defects in intracellular transport pathways to lysosomes. Defects in trafficking bridge Parkinson's disease pathology and genetics : Nature : Nature Research 2016-11-08T05:00:00Z In the case of blood vessel cells, researchers found that long-term PPI exposure impaired acid production by the lysosomes in the cells. Clues to How Popular Heartburn Drug Might Harm Arteries 2016-05-10T04:00:00Z Animal cells also have a centrosome and lysosomes. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z "These results may help improve our understanding of how lysosomes function in Alzheimer's disease and may help us understand how the brain responds to the developing disease," he said. Blood Proteins May Provide Early Clue to Alzheimer's 2015-06-10T04:00:00Z It may be that stem cells also use lysosomes to eradicate damaged proteins. Young Again: How One Cell Turns Back Time 2017-11-22T05:00:00Z Such extracellular release of α-synuclein could serve as a backup disposal mechanism to complement intracellular lysosomes. Defects in trafficking bridge Parkinson's disease pathology and genetics : Nature : Nature Research 2016-11-08T05:00:00Z Moreover, they stow DNA inside a nucleus that’s enclosed by a membrane, and their cells feature other internal structures built of membranes, such as the Golgi apparatus, lysosomes, and the endoplasmic reticulum. Deep-ocean microbe is closest living relative of complex cells 2015-05-06T04:00:00Z It includes the nuclear envelope, lysosomes, and vesicles, which we’ve already mentioned, and the endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus, which we will cover shortly. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z He found4 that the bacteria were escaping destruction by selectively attacking a molecule that would otherwise transport them to the lysosome. Molecular biology: Remove, reuse, recycle : Nature : Nature Publishing Group 2014-10-14T04:00:00Z The sperm signal causes the lysosomes to become acidic. Young Again: How One Cell Turns Back Time 2017-11-22T05:00:00Z These two Rab proteins are part of a subfamily that is implicated in trafficking to the lysosomes and to lysosome-like organelles. Defects in trafficking bridge Parkinson's disease pathology and genetics : Nature : Nature Research 2016-11-08T05:00:00Z The lysosome eruptions cause the cell to digest itself. Glowing, Glowing, Gone: Cell Fluorescence Casts Light on How Death Spreads Throughout Body 2013-08-02T14:45:03.653Z Most plant cells do not have lysosomes or centrosomes. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z In the 1960s, scientists learned that proteins and structures called organelles within cells were being scooped up from the cytoplasm and delivered to the lysosome for destruction and recycling. Molecular biology: Remove, reuse, recycle : Nature : Nature Publishing Group 2014-10-14T04:00:00Z Much of the wayward shiga toxin in the manganese-treated cells diverted to the lysosome and was destroyed, the researchers report online today in Science. Metal Puts a Crimp in Deadly Bacterial Toxin 2012-01-19T21:00:27Z Mutations in ATP13A2 lead to a reduction in the function of lysosomes and to the accumulation of abnormal lysosomes; they also sensitize cells to oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction and manganese toxicity72. Defects in trafficking bridge Parkinson's disease pathology and genetics : Nature : Nature Research 2016-11-08T05:00:00Z Understanding how lysosomes are implicated in PD may reveal new therapeutic targets for treating this disease. [Perspectives] A Lysosomal Lair for a Pathogenic Protein Pair 2011-07-13T19:55:06.480Z If these proteins are hydrolytic enzymes, they can be stored in lysosomes. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z Elements of the autophagy machinery also act as a line of defence against viruses and bacteria by diverting would-be cell hijackers to the lysosome for destruction. Molecular biology: Remove, reuse, recycle : Nature : Nature Publishing Group 2014-10-14T04:00:00Z Cells often shunt poisons they absorb to an organelle called the lysosome for destruction. Metal Puts a Crimp in Deadly Bacterial Toxin 2012-01-19T21:00:27Z Such studies, driven by genetic associations with PD and related syndromes, point to altered trafficking to lysosomes and altered lysosomal function as potent mechanisms that underlie the loss of neurons in PD. Defects in trafficking bridge Parkinson's disease pathology and genetics : Nature : Nature Research 2016-11-08T05:00:00Z They report a reciprocal connection between loss of GBA activity and the accumulation of α-synuclein in lysosomes that establishes a bidirectional positive feedback loop with pathogenic consequences. [Perspectives] A Lysosomal Lair for a Pathogenic Protein Pair 2011-07-13T19:55:06.480Z Animal cells also have a centrosome and lysosomes. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z “We need to understand how autophagosomes are built, what regulates the way they form and what regulates their itinerary within the cell and fusion with lysosomes,” says Rubinsztein. Molecular biology: Remove, reuse, recycle : Nature : Nature Publishing Group 2014-10-14T04:00:00Z All three affected genes encode enzymes that regulate lysosomes, the cell’s waste-disposal units. The science of stuttering: Speech therapy 2011-02-24T10:45:13Z Mutations in several components of the endosome–lysosome trafficking machinery have been associated with familial forms of PD. Defects in trafficking bridge Parkinson's disease pathology and genetics : Nature : Nature Research 2016-11-08T05:00:00Z Together, the three genes help the lysosomes do their job. Ancient Mutation to Blame for Stuttering ? 2011-02-21T16:15:44Z The onset of PD pathology therefore might be a consequence of ineffective proteostasis at axon terminals as the result of limited endosome–lysosome pathway functions. Defects in trafficking bridge Parkinson's disease pathology and genetics : Nature : Nature Research 2016-11-08T05:00:00Z Defective trafficking to the lysosome is the most prominent mechanism of pathogenesis that links PD-associated genetic variants and mutations, and it therefore has high priority as a therapeutic target. Defects in trafficking bridge Parkinson's disease pathology and genetics : Nature : Nature Research 2016-11-08T05:00:00Z Drugs that enhance lysosome function or trafficking, including β-cyclodextrins, or the transduction of genes such as TFEB, which encodes the transcription factor EB127, might provide therapeutic benefits in the context of PD. Defects in trafficking bridge Parkinson's disease pathology and genetics : Nature : Nature Research 2016-11-08T05:00:00Z Innate immune cells are professional phagocytic cells with a high capacity for internalizing and degrading cell debris and protein aggregates through the lysosome pathway45, 114. Defects in trafficking bridge Parkinson's disease pathology and genetics : Nature : Nature Research 2016-11-08T05:00:00Z Patients who have lysosome diseases like mucolipoidosis can be treated with enzyme replacement therapy. Ancient Mutation to Blame for Stuttering ? 2011-02-21T16:15:44Z |
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