| 单词 | lymphocyte |
| 例句 | Not all animals have lymphocytes with the same range of information, as you might expect. The Lives of a Cell 1974-01-01T00:00:00Z When the connection is made, and a particular lymphocyte with a particular receptor is brought into the presence of the particular antigen, one of the greatest small spectacles in nature occurs. The Lives of a Cell 1974-01-01T00:00:00Z The amebocytes of starfish were recently found to contain a material that immobilizes the macrophages of mammals, resembling a product of immune lymphocytes in higher forms. The Lives of a Cell 1974-01-01T00:00:00Z They report to the cleverer, adaptive white blood cells known as lymphocytes. How to boost your immune system to avoid colds and coronavirus 2020-03-08T05:00:00Z One study last year found that lack of sleep impaired the disease-fighting ability of a type of lymphocyte called T cells, and research is demonstrating the importance of our natural biorhythms overall. How to boost your immune system to avoid colds and coronavirus 2020-03-08T05:00:00Z But what little light does peek through his melancholy affect is eclipsed by a tragedy that brings melodically horrible terms like “vacuolated lymphocytes” into his life. He Can’t Save His Daughter. Can He Save Himself? 2020-05-05T04:00:00Z CAR-T cells are lymphocytes that that have been engineered in the laboratory to fight the respective form of cancer. Immunology: Dysfunction of mitochondria drives the exhaustion of T cells 2023-11-02T04:00:00Z Memory T lymphocytes play a key role in the secondary immune response. Strengthening artificial immune cells to fight cancer 2023-09-20T04:00:00Z Neutrophils, eosinophils, lymphocytes, monocytes and basophils are all about three times the diameter of a red blood cell and round. Fundamentals of Biology 2015-01-01T00:00:00Z Whether an immature lymphocyte becomes a B cell or T cell depends on where in the body it matures. Concepts of Biology 2013-04-25T00:00:00Z The virus itself enters a key cell that’s important in defending your body from outside pathogens, and that cell is the lymphocyte. Millions of People Living with HIV Are Alive, Thanks to a 20-Year Public Health Effort 2023-03-27T04:00:00Z For example, HIV uses the CD4 molecule on T lymphocytes as one of its receptors. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z Macrophages, mast cells, lymphocytes, plasma cells, and phagocytic cells are found in connective tissue proper but are actually part of the immune system protecting the body. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z The bone marrow makes too many immature lymphocytes, a type of white blood cell. 'He shouldn't have to be this brave at six years old' 2022-07-02T04:00:00Z Most lymphocytes are associated with the adaptive immune response, but infected cells are identified and destroyed by natural killer cells, the only lymphocytes of the innate immune system. Concepts of Biology 2013-04-25T00:00:00Z Both are types of white blood cells, or lymphocytes. How the body's immune system tries to fight off COVID-19 2022-01-19T05:00:00Z Different types of lymphocytes make antibodies tailored to the foreign antigens and control the production of those antibodies. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z Secondary production and maturation of lymphocytes occurs in specific regions of lymphatic tissue known as germinal centers. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z T cells and other so-called lymphocytes can attack foreign bodies, including a virus it encounters. What is the C.1.2 coronavirus variant — and should we be worried? 2021-09-03T04:00:00Z The TH lymphocytes function indirectly to tell other immune cells about potential pathogens. Concepts of Biology 2013-04-25T00:00:00Z Their job is to help your lymphocytes recognize potential pathogens in a way that won't put you in danger. Why vaccines sometimes have bad side effects 2021-07-15T04:00:00Z White blood cells—including neutrophils, monocytes, lymphocytes, eosinophils, and basophils—are involved in the immune response. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z About 20–30 percent of all leukocytes are lymphocytes, which are critical to the body’s defense against specific threats. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z That is, they anticipated that T cells, lymphocytes that coordinate an immune response or kill invading pathogens, would look a lot alike, whether they were taken from patients with COVID-19 or influenza. An Immune Protein Could Prevent Severe COVID-19—if It Is Given at the Right Time 2020-07-28T04:00:00Z The spleen is the site where APCs that have trapped foreign particles in the blood can communicate with lymphocytes. Concepts of Biology 2013-04-25T00:00:00Z In that situation, there would be large dead zones in the heart, and the muscle cells known as myocytes would be surrounded by infection-fighting cells known as lymphocytes. Coronavirus autopsies: A story of 38 brains, 87 lungs and 42 hearts 2020-07-01T04:00:00Z T cells and B cells of the adaptive immune system also are classified as lymphocytes. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z The roles of T and B lymphocytes in the adaptive immune response will be discussed further in this chapter. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z The inverse correlation between high levels of IL-6 or IL-8 and low lymphocyte numbers hints at underlying mechanisms that might link these characteristics of severe disease. A race to determine what drives COVID-19 severity 2020-06-28T04:00:00Z TH lymphocytes recognize specific antigens presented by the MHC class II complexes of APCs. Concepts of Biology 2013-04-25T00:00:00Z Disturbingly, the study also indicated that damage to the T lymphocytes paralleled that caused by HIV. Coronavirus crisis: What are the potential long-term health impacts? 2020-04-22T04:00:00Z T cells are lymphocytes that mature in the thymus gland, and B cells are lymphocytes that mature in the bone marrow. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z The lymphoid organs are where lymphocytes mature, proliferate, and are selected, which enables them to attack pathogens without harming the cells of the body. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z The doctors also observed a "normalization of C-reactive protein and blood lymphocyte count" within the 28-day period. Hydroxychloroquine does not clear coronavirus, but can alleviate symptoms, study says 2020-04-15T04:00:00Z Physicians will routinely look to measures like a patient’s age, lymphocyte count and white blood cell count to gauge how sick he or she may be. Researchers look for ways to divert patients from ventilators as shortage looms 2020-04-07T04:00:00Z My lymphocytes — which are the cells that fight in a virus, normally fall somewhere between 1000 and 1,500 — they were under 200. What it feels like to survive COVID-19’s dreaded “cytokine storm” 2020-04-05T04:00:00Z Note that T lymphocytes cannot properly respond to the antigen unless it is processed and embedded in an MHC II molecule. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z A naïve lymphocyte is one that has left the primary organ and entered a secondary lymphoid organ. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z In healthy immune systems, T and B cells — known as lymphocytes — attack foreign organisms. David Vetter was ‘the boy in the bubble.’ His short life provided insights into how the rare disorder SCID works. 2020-01-24T05:00:00Z And for T lymphocytes specifically, we designed a protocol that links each cell’s gene-expression profile with the sequence of its unique antigen receptor14. Technologies to watch in 2020 2020-01-20T05:00:00Z Large B cell lymphoma affects white blood cells called lymphocytes. Gene Therapy Arrives 2019-12-03T05:00:00Z Helper T- cells are one of the main lymphocytes that respond to antigen-presenting cells. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z In addition to circulating in the blood and lymph, lymphocytes concentrate in secondary lymphoid organs, which include the lymph nodes, spleen, and lymphoid nodules. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z But circling tumours or lymphocytes in medical images requires trained specialists. Digital assistants aid disease diagnosis 2019-09-24T04:00:00Z Miller, working at the University of London in the late 1950s and 1960s, identified a population of immune cells that develop in the thymus gland of mice—called T lymphocytes or T cells. Immune-Cell Pioneers Win Prestigious Lasker Medical Award 2019-09-10T04:00:00Z The disease affects the immature forms of white blood cells, called lymphocytes, which identify and destroy foreign proteins in the body. Mom's raw post on childhood cancer goes viral: 'It affects the entire family' 2019-09-09T04:00:00Z T and B lymphocytes are also similar in that each cell only expresses one type of antigen receptor. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z Antigens, the small chemical groups often associated with pathogens, are recognized by receptors on the surface of B and T lymphocytes. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z Rosenberg’s team grew these tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes, expanding their numbers by a few orders of magnitude, and transferred them back into patients. The Promise and Price of Cellular Therapies 2019-07-15T04:00:00Z Cooper and others later showed that humans and other mammals produce these B lymphocytes, or B cells, in their bone marrow. Immune-Cell Pioneers Win Prestigious Lasker Medical Award 2019-09-10T04:00:00Z Adaptive immunity consists of T and B lymphocytes, which lyse tumor cells and generate antibodies to some of the tumor antigens. Are We Innately Immune to Cancer? 2019-01-24T05:00:00Z TH lymphocytes recognize specific antigens displayed in the MHC II complexes of APCs. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z Primary lymphoid organs, the bone marrow and thymus gland, are the locations where lymphocytes of the adaptive immune system proliferate and mature. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z The protein, a signaling molecule called a cytokine, ramps up the activity of white blood cells known as T lymphocytes by binding simultaneously to their IL-2β and IL-2γ receptors. Researchers redesign a cancer-busting protein—without the side effects 2019-01-09T05:00:00Z Researchers also removed immune cells from the malignant mass — tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes, or TILs — and found some that targeted four of those defects. Researchers use immune-cell ‘army’ to battle another tough cancer 2018-06-03T04:00:00Z But over the next five months, the infused tumor infiltrating lymphocytes, or TILs, survived, expanded and refused to let up on Perkins’ cancer, wherever they found it. In a first, scientists use immunotherapy to rid patient of advanced breast cancer 2018-06-04T04:00:00Z Although T and B cells both react with molecules that are termed “antigens,” these lymphocytes actually respond to very different types of molecules. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z There are several functional types of T lymphocytes, the major ones being helper, regulatory, and cytotoxic T cells. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z Next, the doctors extracted immune cells known as tumour infiltrating lymphocytes, or TILs, from the tumour biopsies. Doctors hail world first as woman’s advanced breast cancer is eradicated 2018-06-04T04:00:00Z The blood brain barrier was breached by trauma, and this allowed lymphocytes and immunoglobulins into the brain and they destroyed the neural tissue. Traumatic Brain Injuries Are Tied to Dementia 2018-04-10T04:00:00Z So Harley’s team compared three sequencing data sets that show where EBV proteins land on the genome in B lymphocytes, the immune cells that run interference against the virus when someone becomes infected. How the virus behind ‘kissing disease’ may increase your risk for autoimmune diseases like lupus 2018-04-16T04:00:00Z A memory cell is an antigen-specific B or T lymphocyte that does not differentiate into effector cells during the primary immune response, but that can immediately become effector cells upon re-exposure to the same pathogen. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z Its endocrine function is the production of a group of hormones called thymosins that contribute to the development and differentiation of T lymphocytes, which are immune cells. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z One of the types of cells called into action are T lymphocytes, a type of white blood cell that fights infection. How the flu hijacks your body to make you feel so wretched 2018-02-16T05:00:00Z Telomere fluorescence measurements in granulocytes and T lymphocyte subsets point to a high turnover of hematopoietic stem cells and memory T cells in early childhood. From haematopoietic stem cells to complex differentiation landscapes 2018-01-23T05:00:00Z These findings provide new insights into how innate and adaptive lymphocytes operate sequentially and in distinct ways during normal development to establish steady-state commensalism and tissue metabolic homeostasis. Innate and adaptive lymphocytes sequentially shape the gut microbiota and lipid metabolism 2018-01-21T05:00:00Z On maturation, T and B lymphocytes circulate to various destinations. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z The functions of lymphocytes are complex and will be covered in detail in the chapter covering the lymphatic system and immunity. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z In a mouse model of adoptive T cell therapy for melanoma, Runx3-deficient CD8+ tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes failed to accumulate in tumours, resulting in greater rates of tumour growth and mortality. Runx3 programs CD8+ T cell residency in non-lymphoid tissues and tumours 2017-12-05T05:00:00Z Here we show that the acute enforcement of oncogenic TCR signalling in lymphocytes in a mouse model of human T cell lymphoma drives the strong expansion of these cells in vivo. PD-1 is a haploinsufficient suppressor of T cell lymphomagenesis 2017-11-14T05:00:00Z The preferential ability of B lymphocytes to act as diabetogenic APC in NOD mice depends on expression of self-antigen-specific immunoglobulin receptors. Inflammation-induced IgA+ cells dismantle anti-liver cancer immunity 2017-11-07T05:00:00Z APCs in the lymph nodes capture and process antigens and inform nearby lymphocytes about potential pathogens. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z Would you expect a patient with a form of cancer called acute myelogenous leukemia to experience impaired production of erythrocytes, or impaired production of lymphocytes? Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z Lymphomas arise when immune cells called lymphocytes become cancerous. New lymphoma treatment discovered 2017-11-14T05:00:00Z According to Cancer Research UK, acute lymphoblastic leukaemia is a type of blood cancer that starts from young white blood cells called lymphocytes in the bone marrow. Ed Sheeran appeal girl finds donor 2017-10-23T04:00:00Z Kipnis said he did the experiment that led to the discovery “on a whim” after reading about type 2 innate lymphocytes in another paper. UVa researchers expand on brain-immune connection discovery 2017-01-02T05:00:00Z Lymph nodes are filled with lymphocytes that purge infecting cells. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z The red pulp consists of reticular fibers with fixed macrophages attached, free macrophages, and all of the other cells typical of the blood, including some lymphocytes. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z Pre-B Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia is a type of cancer in which the bone marrow makes too many lymphocytes, a type of white blood cell. Athlete to keep pursuing basketball while battling Leukemia 2016-10-14T04:00:00Z Non-Hodgkin lymphoma occurs within the body's immune system, in white blood cells called lymphocytes. Immune Therapy Makes Headway Against a Lymphoma 2016-09-08T04:00:00Z In the gut, the lymphocytes maintain a barrier against pathogens. UVa researchers expand on brain-immune connection discovery 2017-01-02T05:00:00Z The spleen, shown in Figure 33.21, is the site where APCs that have trapped foreign particles in the blood can communicate with lymphocytes. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z Only those clones of lymphocytes whose receptors are activated by the antigen are stimulated to proliferate. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z Battery Health also allows people to input their health stats like level of HIV in their blood and number of CD4 cells, the lymphocytes that the virus targets and destroys. Smartphone app could help high-risk HIV men stay on their meds 2016-07-20T04:00:00Z A cell-separation technique identified NK cells, T cells and B cells, the main types of lymphocytes, and other components of blood. A New Clue to Why Women Outlive Men 2016-06-13T04:00:00Z The lymphocytes in the skin are important in wound healing. UVa researchers expand on brain-immune connection discovery 2017-01-02T05:00:00Z For instance, radiation exposure can destroy populations of lymphocytes and elevate an individual’s susceptibility to infections and cancer. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z However, hemopoiesis of lymphocytes progresses somewhat differently from the process for the other formed elements. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z Her research has revealed that immune cells called B lymphocytes recovered more slowly in mice treated with an X-ray irradiator than in those exposed to caesium. Biologists struggle with push to eliminate radioactive caesium in labs 2016-05-09T04:00:00Z NK cells are a type of lymphocyte, or white blood cell, that attacks and destroys aging, infected and cancerous cells. A New Clue to Why Women Outlive Men 2016-06-13T04:00:00Z Researchers at UVa think the lymphocytes in the meninges act as a sort of middleman between the changes in the gut and the effects manifested in the brain. UVa researchers expand on brain-immune connection discovery 2017-01-02T05:00:00Z B lymphocytes in the recipient will identify the MHC I molecules on transplanted organ as non- self proteins. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z The size range of lymphocytes is quite extensive, with some authorities recognizing two size classes and others three. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z To predict whether a recipient’s body will reject a new organ, the researchers culture B lymphocytes from the organ donor and test them against immune cells from the recipient. Biologists struggle with push to eliminate radioactive caesium in labs 2016-05-09T04:00:00Z RNA-binding proteins enforce quiescence on developing lymphocytes by suppressing cell cycle progression. RNA-binding proteins ZFP36L1 and ZFP36L2 promote cell quiescence | Science 2016-04-21T04:00:00Z The latest discovery, of the cells known as type 2 innate lymphocytes, in the meninges caught the researchers off guard. UVa researchers expand on brain-immune connection discovery 2017-01-02T05:00:00Z The foreign cells will then be engulfed and destroyed by B lymphocytes. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z The three major groups of lymphocytes include natural killer cells, B cells, and T cells. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z But B lymphocytes will not divide unless they are activated — here, by the presence of connective-tissue cells called fibroblasts. Biologists struggle with push to eliminate radioactive caesium in labs 2016-05-09T04:00:00Z RNA-binding proteins enforce quiescence on developing lymphocytes by suppressing cell cycle progression. RNA-binding proteins ZFP36L1 and ZFP36L2 promote cell quiescence | Science 2016-04-21T04:00:00Z Rosenberg is developing cancer therapies using immune cells called T lymphocytes, which he engineers to attack a specific patient's cancer. NIH suspends clinical trials after contamination risk discovered 2016-04-19T04:00:00Z Naïve B and T cells are lymphocytes of the B and T types that have come into contact with pathogenic antigens. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z Smaller lymphocytes are either B or T cells, although they cannot be differentiated in a normal blood smear. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z Theranos was out of range more often for lymphocytes, which are types of white blood cells; for a measure of hemoglobin; and for certain types of cholesterol. Study of Theranos Medical Tests Finds Irregular Results 2016-03-28T04:00:00Z Denkert agrees, but adds that approaches to discern type 1 and type 2 lymphocytes in tumour samples are in development. Immunology: Another shot at cancer : Nature : Nature Publishing Group 2015-11-17T05:00:00Z One is that HIV hides its DNA inside white blood cells, or T lymphocytes, that have CD3 receptors. Designer antibodies may rid body of AIDS virus 2015-10-20T04:00:00Z Naïve B and T cells are lymphocytes of the B and T types that normally circulate in the body at all times and have not come into contact with any pathogenic antigens. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z Abnormally high lymphocyte counts are characteristic of viral infections as well as some types of cancer. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z The mutation is in the gene ETV6, which plays a role in cancers of lymphocytes -- immune cells that circulate in the blood. Another Genetic Error Linked to Childhood Leukemia 2015-07-09T04:00:00Z It causes tumors to develop in the lymphocytes, which are part of the immune system and found inside lymph nodes - small organs situated throughout the body. Maryland governor plans for cancer treatment, staying on job 2015-06-22T04:00:00Z So, when a doctor injects someone with a vaccine through their arm, lymphocytes that are formed at these nodes learn to migrate to the skin. Vaccines in the '60s made people more likely to develop chlamydia — and now we know why 2015-06-18T04:00:00Z Naïve B and T cells are lymphocytes of the B and T types that normally circulate in the body at all times and have not come into contact with any pathogenic antigens. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z Lymphoid stem cells give rise only to the various lymphocytes designated as B and T cells, and NK cells. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z The way I understand it is that the B and T lymphocytes, the immune system soldier cells, are called up for measles duty. Can New Research Break The Anti-Vaccine Fever? Probably Not 2015-05-26T04:00:00Z Animal studies suggest that measles infection depletes B and T lymphocytes, specialized white blood cells that produce antibodies that “remember” the measles virus, providing immunity against further attacks. Measles May Increase Susceptibility to Other Infections 2015-05-07T04:00:00Z Fortunately, it is possible to teach lymphocytes to travel to the mucosa, instead of to the skin. Vaccines in the '60s made people more likely to develop chlamydia — and now we know why 2015-06-18T04:00:00Z Naïve B and T cells are lymphocytes of the B and T types that have come into contact with pathogenic antigens. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z Histologically, if a biopsy of a transplanted organ exhibits massive infiltration of T lymphocytes within the first weeks after transplant, it is a sign that the transplant is likely to fail. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z He received a donor lymphocyte infusion from his brother Jerald, and he was told the chances of it working were the same as a coin toss. U of Minnesota baseball pitching coach twice fights leukemia 2015-05-04T04:00:00Z The attenuated live vaccine does not reduce the number of B and T lymphocytes, so their ability to fight other diseases is preserved. Measles May Increase Susceptibility to Other Infections 2015-05-07T04:00:00Z Live and dead bacteria elicited different immune responses from the T lymphocytes. Vaccines in the '60s made people more likely to develop chlamydia — and now we know why 2015-06-18T04:00:00Z This direct cell-to- cell contact initiates a series of events that leads to production of antibodies by B lymphocytes. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z Agranular leukocytes include monocytes, which mature into macrophages that are phagocytic, and lymphocytes, which arise from the lymphoid stem cell line. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z It was in this context that Cooper, a paediatrician and clinical immunologist, made a set of clinical observations that were an early clue to the existence of two lymphocyte lineages5. Immunology: Fifty years of B lymphocytes 2015-01-05T05:00:00Z Knowledge of the immune system now includes antigen processing and the "life stories" of lymphocytes: where in the body they are created, how they become foreign-reactive and self-tolerant, and how they respond to invaders. 4 Tips to Prepare for the MCAT's New Natural Sciences Questions 2014-12-02T05:00:00Z A specific type of white blood cell, called a T lymphocyte, was responsive to Chlamydia, an immune system analysis showed. Vaccines in the '60s made people more likely to develop chlamydia — and now we know why 2015-06-18T04:00:00Z This direct cell-to-cell contact initiates a series of events that leads to production of antibodies by B lymphocytes. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z Lymphoma is a form of cancer in which masses of malignant T and/or B lymphocytes collect in lymph nodes, the spleen, Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z Here, the clonal-selection theory, which hypothesized that lymphocytes are diverse and that each is unique, or clonal, was becoming increasingly accepted. Immunology: Fifty years of B lymphocytes 2015-01-05T05:00:00Z But the lymphocytes that cause graft-versus-host disease have very little of the enzyme and so are sensitive to the drug. Stem cells: Creating a cure-all : Nature : Nature Publishing Group 2014-11-11T05:00:00Z This essentially means that their lymph nodes — the place where lymphocytes are formed — get imprinted with a message that tells the T cells which tissues they should travel to. Vaccines in the '60s made people more likely to develop chlamydia — and now we know why 2015-06-18T04:00:00Z This direct cell-to-cell contact initiates a series of events that leads to production of antibodies by B lymphocytes. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z The marginal zone is the region between the red pulp and white pulp, which sequesters particulate antigens from the circulation and presents these antigens to lymphocytes in the white pulp. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z But immunologists did not know whether and how the lymphocytes that produced antibodies and those involved in graft rejection were related. Immunology: Fifty years of B lymphocytes 2015-01-05T05:00:00Z In the liver, the presence of the virus appears to trigger a sharp decline of lymphocytes, white blood cells that help fight infections. How Ebola Blindsides the Body's Defenses 2014-11-07T05:00:00Z And lymphocytes that are educated to migrate to the skin, don't migrate to mucosa. Vaccines in the '60s made people more likely to develop chlamydia — and now we know why 2015-06-18T04:00:00Z Macrophages, lymphocytes, and, occasionally, leukocytes can be found in some of the tissues. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z In this use, a clone is a group of lymphocytes that share the same antigen receptor. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z By the late 1970s, this understanding of the divergent lymphocyte lineages started to change the treatment of leukaemias and lymphomas. Immunology: Fifty years of B lymphocytes 2015-01-05T05:00:00Z The reason for their decline is unknown, but the result helps the virus; lymphocytes typically would increase in number in the face of an infection. How Ebola Blindsides the Body's Defenses 2014-11-07T05:00:00Z A stained lymphocyte surrounded by red blood cells viewed using a light microscope. Myths About Cancer Care In America 2014-10-06T04:00:00Z HIV is able to penetrate the plasma membranes of a subtype of lymphocytes called T-helper cells, as well as some monocytes and central nervous system cells. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z Otherwise, the body would not have room for lymphocytes with so many specificities. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z The lymphocytes with the darkly staining nuclei and scant cytoplasm are the CLL cells. With So Many Terrific New Drugs For Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia, Why Worry? 2014-08-28T04:00:00Z They develop antibodies against the virus and they also develop cell-mediated immunity — the lymphocytes important to form viral control of pathogens. Ebola doctor reveals how infected Americans were cured 2014-08-27T04:00:00Z They develop antibodies against the virus and they also develop cell-mediated immunity—the lymphocytes important to form viral control of pathogens. Ebola Doctor Reveals How Infected Americans Were Cured 2014-08-27T04:00:00Z CD4 is a type of molecule called a cell adhesion molecule, which functions to keep different types of immune cells in close proximity to each other during the generation of a T lymphocyte immune response. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z For example, white blood cells, including lymphocytes and phagocytes, have receptors for various neurotransmitters released by associated neurons. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z CLL, a form of non-Hodgkin lymphoma, generally gets worse over time and leads to a gradual increase in white blood cells called B lymphocytes. FDA Expands Use of Imbruvica for Form of Leukemia 2014-07-28T04:00:00Z To do this, a physician sends a patient's blood to a lab for processing to remove platelets and parts of the immune system known as lymphocytes. Injection Treatment No Help for Hamstring Injuries, Study Says 2014-06-25T04:00:00Z "There are multiple ways that lymphocytes are inhibited. Maybe if you hit two of those mechanisms you get better results than if you just hit one." Melanoma Drug Trials Show Significant Promise 2014-06-02T04:00:00Z "Rheumatoid arthritis is driven by cells in the immune system called T lymphocytes" said David Ray, Prof of Medicine at University of Manchester. Chronotherapy: Drugs & our Body Clock 2014-05-13T17:35:18Z Secondary lymphoid organs are site in which mature lymphocytes congregate to mount immune responses. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z Our data indicate that available RA in utero regulates the size of lymphocyte pools in the offspring, with possible consequences on their adaptive immune responses. Maternal retinoids control type 3 innate lymphoid cells and set the offspring immunity 2014-04-04T18:28:57.531Z Decreased expression affected the local proliferation of B and T lymphocytes. [Research Articles] Functional Network Pipeline Reveals Genetic Determinants Associated with in Situ Lymphocyte Proliferation and Survival of Cancer Patients 2014-03-19T18:25:07.417Z Unfortunately, it also latches onto strains of HIV, assisting their passage into the lymphocyte, where the virus then reproduces. The search for a cure for AIDS: If it ain’t broke… 2014-03-06T16:01:17Z The density and type of lymphocytes that infiltrate colon tumors are predictive of the clinical outcome of colon cancer. [Research Articles] {beta}-Catenin Promotes Colitis and Colon Cancer Through Imprinting of Proinflammatory Properties in T Cells 2014-02-26T19:25:19.543Z The function of the pharyngeal tonsil is not well understood, but it contains a rich supply of lymphocytes and is covered with ciliated epithelium that traps and destroys invading pathogens that enter during inhalation. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z For example, an increase in CD4+ T lymphocytes was used as a surrogate marker of efficacy of HIV reverse transcriptase inhibitors instead of, say, five-year patient survival. What Are Bidis And Why Is The FDA Regulating Tobacco Products? 2014-02-25T14:16:00Z Our data provide further mechanisms resulting in changes of specific immune cell densities within the tumor, and the importance of local active lymphocyte proliferation for patient survival. [Research Articles] Functional Network Pipeline Reveals Genetic Determinants Associated with in Situ Lymphocyte Proliferation and Survival of Cancer Patients 2014-03-19T18:25:07.417Z What really interested everyone, though, was whether the engineered lymphocytes might fend off HIV—and in one case it seems they did. The search for a cure for AIDS: If it ain’t broke… 2014-03-06T16:01:17Z Analyses of peripheral blood lymphocytes and serum suggested that mutations triggered cellular immunity and cross-reactive humoral immune responses. [Research Article] Association of the Autoimmune Disease Scleroderma with an Immunologic Response to Cancer 2014-01-09T18:56:14.192Z The swelling of lymph nodes during an infection and the transport of lymphocytes via the lymphatic vessels are but two examples of the many connections between these critical organ systems. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z She is best known for her groundbreaking studies elucidating the behavior of antibody-producing B cells and determining the role of T lymphocytes in viral infections. Gone in 2013: A Tribute to 10 Remarkable Women in Science 2013-12-30T21:15:00.680Z The balance of negative and positive signals in maintaining an appropriate B cell activation threshold is critical in B lymphocyte immune tolerance and autoreactivity. [Research Articles] Allelic-Dependent Expression of an Activating Fc Receptor on B Cells Enhances Humoral Immune Responses 2013-12-18T19:55:03.924Z One important diagnostic in HIV disease management is the absolute count of lymphocytes expressing the CD4 and CD8 receptors. [Research Articles] Microfluidic CD4+ and CD8+ T Lymphocyte Counters for Point-of-Care HIV Diagnostics Using Whole Blood 2013-12-04T22:57:30.972Z Infiltrating T lymphocytes are frequently found in malignant tumors and are suggestive of a host cancer immune response. [Research Articles] Digital Genomic Quantification of Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocytes 2013-12-04T22:57:29.339Z The two basic types of lymphocytes, B cells and T cells, are identical morphologically with a large central nucleus surrounded by a thin layer of cytoplasm. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z To investigate this, blood samples were collected from the mice and tested for the presence of anti-tumour immune cells, known as cytotoxic T lymphocytes. Cancer research: Of mice and men 2013-11-21T16:03:54Z A human "Natural Killer" lymphocyte, a type of cell that mediates the immune system. Science images from across the globe 2013-09-13T16:13:07Z It was a lymphocyte with a large, unusually shaped nucleus, known as an atypical lymphocyte. Well: Think Like a Doctor: A Mysterious Fever Solved! 2013-07-03T18:50:07Z In certain types of leukemia, the foot soldier lymphocytes stage a coup and attack the body like some foreign invader. Well: Think Like a Doctor: A Mysterious Fever 2013-07-02T12:00:38Z An antigen is a chemical structure on the surface of a pathogen that binds to T or B lymphocyte antigen receptors. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z As lymphocyte precursors expand rapidly in the liver during fetal development, one of them may acquire a translocation or other mutation that sets it on the path to malignancy. Genetics: Written in blood 2013-06-26T17:20:50.130Z These lymphocytes exist to kill body cells that pose a threat, such as cells infected by viruses, and also cancer cells. Cancer therapy: Checkpoint Charlie 2013-06-06T15:01:29Z T lymphocyte activation in patients was evidenced by antibody class switching. [Research Articles] Oncolytic and Immunotherapeutic Vaccinia Induces Antibody-Mediated Complement-Dependent Cancer Cell Lysis in Humans 2013-05-15T18:55:05.140Z The rate of decline of most T-cell and B-cell lymphocytes was faster in men, while men also showed a more rapid age-related decline in two cytokines. Clue to why women live longer 2013-05-15T06:43:14Z These lymphocyte clusters are particularly substantial in the distal ileum where they are known as Peyer’s patches. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z In ALL, these genes vary depending on whether the cancer arises from precursors of B or T cells, two of the main classes of lymphocytes. Genetics: Written in blood 2013-06-26T17:20:50.130Z Kormuro’s research explores “the molecular mechanisms underlying mutual regulation between cardiovascular cells and the immune system including mast cells and T lymphocytes and advance translational research.” Suspicions Raised About Another Japanese Cardiovascular Researcher 2013-05-10T21:09:05Z In the process of killing billions of leukemia cells, the infused lymphocytes released a storm of hormones called cytokines, causing fever, blood pressure instability and other problems. Leukemia treatment shows good results in a handful of patients 2013-03-21T00:54:39Z In this elaborate communication circuit, lymphocytes are affected by neuronal secretion of dopamine and then use dopamine to pass signals to other immune cells. Wired and Wireless Components of the Brain 2013-03-14T17:15:00.450Z Naïve lymphocytes are fully functional immunologically, but have yet to encounter an antigen to respond to. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z The fourth, ARID5B, had never been identified in studies of leukaemia tumour genomes, but preliminary evidence suggests that it may be involved in lymphocyte differentiation. Genetics: Written in blood 2013-06-26T17:20:50.130Z Its role in lymphocyte signaling was characterized and explored through lots of cell-based and in vivo models, including RNAi and other target validation approaches. Immunokinase Drug Candidates: $12B in Value Creation and Counting 2013-03-13T20:18:16Z In the experimental treatment, immune system cells called T lymphocytes were filtered from the bloodstream of each patient. Leukemia treatment shows good results in a handful of patients 2013-03-21T00:54:39Z When microbes trigger lymphocytes in the body, the lymphocytes secrete cytokine signal molecules, such as interleukin 1 or 6. Wired and Wireless Components of the Brain 2013-03-14T17:15:00.450Z They not only participate in innate immune responses but have also evolved to cooperate with lymphocytes as part of the adaptive immune response. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes from human mucosal lung cancer also expressed CD49a, which supports the relevance and possible extrapolation of these results in humans. [Research Articles] Mucosal Imprinting of Vaccine-Induced CD8+ T Cells Is Crucial to Inhibit the Growth of Mucosal Tumors 2013-02-13T19:25:06.490Z The survival of a lymphocyte, its proliferation and its capacity to secrete antibodies depends on its network of interactions with other antibodies. Scicurious Guest Writer! Sleight of Hand, Sleight of Mind: Illusions, Delusions and the Immune System 2013-01-30T14:15:07.010Z The lymphocytes were then infused back into the bloodstream. Leukemia treatment shows good results in a handful of patients 2013-03-21T00:54:39Z For example, lymphocytes, whose behavior is now known to be affected by dopamine, also secrete dopamine. Wired and Wireless Components of the Brain 2013-03-14T17:15:00.450Z The correct statement is: “Kaplan-Meier survival curves revealed distinctly different outcomes for these two groups in both cohorts, where higher lymphocyte proportion is associated with good outcome.” [Errata] A Correction to the Research Article Titled: "Quantitative Image Analysis of Cellular Heterogeneity in Breast Tumors Complements Genomic Profiling" by Y. Yuan, H. Failmezger, O. M. Rueda, H. R. Ali, S. Graf, S.-F. Chin, R. F. Schwarz, C. Curtis, M. J. Dunning, H. Bardwell, N. Johnson, S. Doyle, G. Turashvili, E. Provenzano, S. Aparicio, C. Caldas, F. Markowetz 2012-11-21T19:55:02.187Z Throughout life, intestinal intraepithelial lymphocytes help to maintain the integrity of the epithelial-cell barrier, limit bacterial translocation and facilitate epithelium repair after injury by secreting soluble mediators, such as antimicrobial peptides. Reciprocal interactions of the intestinal microbiota and immune system 2012-09-13T11:20:55.227Z The lymphocytes create the network, in the form of their antibodies’ recognition of and interactions with the receptors of newly emerging lymphocytes. Scicurious Guest Writer! Sleight of Hand, Sleight of Mind: Illusions, Delusions and the Immune System 2013-01-30T14:15:07.010Z CallDiff with somatic output was performed on all of the 87 tumour/lymphocyte pairs and processed. Sequencing of neuroblastoma identifies chromothripsis and defects in neuritogenesis genes 2012-03-28T21:50:58.107Z For example, lymphoma is a disease of white blood cells called lymphocytes, and glioma is a disease of glial cells, which support neurons in the brain. Cancer: Solving an age-old problem 2012-02-29T18:21:13.613Z There was an error in the text on page 5 stating that “Kaplan-Meier survival curves revealed distinctly different outcomes for these two groups in both cohorts, where higher lymphocyte proportion is associated with poor outcome.” [Errata] A Correction to the Research Article Titled: "Quantitative Image Analysis of Cellular Heterogeneity in Breast Tumors Complements Genomic Profiling" by Y. Yuan, H. Failmezger, O. M. Rueda, H. R. Ali, S. Graf, S.-F. Chin, R. F. Schwarz, C. Curtis, M. J. Dunning, H. Bardwell, N. Johnson, S. Doyle, G. Turashvili, E. Provenzano, S. Aparicio, C. Caldas, F. Markowetz 2012-11-21T19:55:02.187Z Vertebrate evolution coincided with the emergence of the adaptive immune system, the main components of which are T and B lymphocytes. Reciprocal interactions of the intestinal microbiota and immune system 2012-09-13T11:20:55.227Z When something violates that expectation, like an invading infection, the immune system responds by drawing lymphocytes into the network from the PIS that can respond to the invasion. Scicurious Guest Writer! Sleight of Hand, Sleight of Mind: Illusions, Delusions and the Immune System 2013-01-30T14:15:07.010Z We ran CallDiff with somatic output on all of the 87 tumour/lymphocyte pairs and processed the somatic output files as described in the small variants section earlier. Sequencing of neuroblastoma identifies chromothripsis and defects in neuritogenesis genes 2012-03-28T21:50:58.107Z Researchers found that some people’s lymphocyte cells, when exposed to a laboratory mixture of the bacterium, were less likely to die than cells of others. Anthrax Toxicity Depends on Human Genetics 2012-02-06T21:15:02.383Z In a second phase, they will test how lymphocytes harvested from the patients react to a number of infectious organisms, including MRSA. Vaccine development: Man vs MRSA 2012-02-01T18:20:36.980Z An additional immune mechanism that prepares the neonate for commensal colonization is the seeding of the intestinal epithelium with specialized intraepithelial lymphocytes before birth. Reciprocal interactions of the intestinal microbiota and immune system 2012-09-13T11:20:55.227Z They are produced by internally activated lymphocytes that represent 10% of the total lymphocyte number. Scicurious Guest Writer! Sleight of Hand, Sleight of Mind: Illusions, Delusions and the Immune System 2013-01-30T14:15:07.010Z Gilenya causes inflammatory cells called lymphocytes to get trapped in lymph nodes so they don’t travel to the brain, where they would damage neurons. New Drugs Raise Hope for Patients With M.S. 2011-12-26T20:19:32Z DNA damage or other physicochemical stresses may increase the expression of major histocompatibility complex class I–related stress antigens, which then activate lymphocytes. [Research Articles] An NKG2D-Mediated Human Lymphoid Stress Surveillance Response with High Interindividual Variation 2011-12-14T20:25:10.247Z Lymph nodes contain cells called lymphocytes and are interconnected to one another and to the blood vessel system via lymphatic vessels. Dog's lumps may be swollen lymph nodes 2011-12-12T20:22:27Z It targets the CD52 glycoproteins on the surface of mature immune cells, or lymphocytes, depleting levels of the aggressive T and B cells without affecting other lymphocytes. Antibody Offers Hope for Multiple Sclerosis Treatment 2011-10-24T18:45:03.460Z The remaining 90% of lymphocytes are inactive and do not secrete antibodies. Scicurious Guest Writer! Sleight of Hand, Sleight of Mind: Illusions, Delusions and the Immune System 2013-01-30T14:15:07.010Z The compound also prevented the storms in these animals, suggesting that endothelial cells, not lymphocytes, orchestrate cytokine release. Surprising Cells Rein In Killer Flu 2011-09-15T17:00:00Z It works by targeting a specific protein found on B-cell lymphocytes, thereby killing defective cells, while allowing normal white blood cells to survive and expand. Drug lifeline 2011-05-27T06:37:58Z Lymphoma is diagnosed if the cells on the slides are predominantly immature lymphocytes. Dog's lumps may be swollen lymph nodes 2011-12-12T20:22:27Z For reasons still not quite understood, when the lymphocytes repopulate, those involved in attacking the myelin sheath seem less likely to recover. Antibody Offers Hope for Multiple Sclerosis Treatment 2011-10-24T18:45:03.460Z Successful adoptive T cell therapy to treat cancer requires engraftment of antitumor T lymphocytes that not only retain specificity and function in vivo but also display an intrinsic capacity to survive. [Research Articles] Establishment of Antitumor Memory in Humans Using in Vitro-Educated CD8+ T Cells 2011-04-27T18:55:17.370Z To determine which of these two cell types controls the cytokine surge, the researchers tested the S1P1 receptor activator in mice that lack lymphocytes. Surprising Cells Rein In Killer Flu 2011-09-15T17:00:00Z Benlysta, which is given as an intravenous infusion every 28 days, is a monoclonal antibody that curbs the immune system by inhibiting a protein in the body called B lymphocyte stimulator. F.D.A. Approves Drug for Lupus, a Breakthrough After 50 Years 2011-03-10T01:47:30Z Its an impressive little life form, one dazzling virus, the way it occupies our immune system’s T lymphocytes is so…clever. Dot Earth: The Ultimate Invasive Species? 2011-03-01T23:36:05Z The researchers found the siRNA in white blood cells known as lymphocytes of mice treated with the chimaera, indicating that the molecule can get where it needs to be. 'Smart Bomb' RNA Molecule Could Take Out Drug-Resistant HIV 2011-01-20T00:15:00.247Z Gilenya blocks white blood cells called lymphocytes from circulating in the body, preventing them from reaching and doing damage to the brain, spinal cord and optical nerves. Novartis Pill With $5.4 Billion Promise Targets Untreatable MS 2010-12-20T23:16:59Z The drug, given by infusion, is an antibody that binds to a specific protein, CD20, found on the surface of malignant and normal B-cell lymphocytes, enlisting the body's own immune system to kill marked cells. Rituxan delays chemo for slow-growing lymphoma 2010-12-05T13:22:00Z This study did, however, use a broader sample of the autistic spectrum than Dr Giulivi’s, and looked at muscle cells, whose metabolic profiles are very different from nerve cells and lymphocytes. Explaining autism: Energy drain 2010-12-02T11:05:00Z The drug, which would be given by intravenous infusion every four weeks, is a monoclonal antibody that tamps down the immune system by inhibiting a protein in the body called B lymphocyte stimulator. F.D.A. Panel Backs Drug for Lupus 2010-11-17T05:30:00Z The drug, given by infusion, is an antibody that binds to a specific protein found on the surface of malignant and normal B-cell lymphocytes, enlisting the body's own immune system to kill marked cells. Roche's Rituxan halves risk of lymphoma recurrence 2010-05-20T17:50:00Z Immune cells called lymphocytes that circulate in the blood are super-sensitive to radiation, so it was there Chute began the hunt for genes that switch on and off in response. Dirty-bomb test for terror may aid cancer research 2010-04-26T19:28:00Z They found no evidence of Epstein-Barr DNA in B lymphocytes or other cells from MS patients' cerebrospinal fluid. Study doubts role for virus in multiple sclerosis 2010-04-15T15:33:00Z The lymphocytes are derived from lymphoid tissue, wherever it exists in the different parts of the body. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 4, Slice 1 "Bisharin" to "Bohea" The breaking up of ordinary pus cells or lymphocytes does not appear to give rise to any such substances; but there is much evidence that the decomposition products of epithelial and epithelioid cells act chemiotactically. Histology of the Blood Normal and Pathological Microscopically, it may contain some large endothelial cells and a few lymphocytes, or may be entirely devoid of cells. Manual of Surgery Volume Second: Extremities—Head—Neck. Sixth Edition. The differential showed a virtual absence of polymorphs, lymphocytes and monocytes. Pandemic The current findings do conflict, however, with a 2007 study in which researchers found a high rate of Epstein-Barr-infected B lymphocytes in MS brain lesions. Study doubts role for virus in multiple sclerosis 2010-04-15T15:33:00Z The macrocyte is believed by many to represent a further stage in the development of the lymphocyte. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 4, Slice 1 "Bisharin" to "Bohea" Zappert expressly mentions that these mononuclear cells were in no way similar to the lymphocytes in general appearance. Histology of the Blood Normal and Pathological The induration is due not only to the dense packing of the connective-tissue spaces with lymphocytes and plasma cells, but also to the formation of new connective-tissue elements. Manual of Surgery Volume First: General Surgery. Sixth Edition. The more intimate view of detail revealed by the higher powers of the microscope shows conglomerations of the white cells of the blood known as lymphocytes. The Glands Regulating Personality It's possible, for example, that brain Epstein-Barr-infected B lymphocytes contribute to the disease process earlier on, or transiently. Study doubts role for virus in multiple sclerosis 2010-04-15T15:33:00Z Sharply to be distinguished from the lymphocytes is the second group: the "large mononuclear leucocytes." Histology of the Blood Normal and Pathological On the contrary the protoplasm of the leucocytes is always alkaline, and the largest amount of alkali is held by the protoplasm of the lymphocytes. Histology of the Blood Normal and Pathological It results in an increase in the reactive changes around the tuberculous focus, an increase in the immigration of leucocytes, and infiltration with the lymphocytes. Manual of Surgery Volume First: General Surgery. Sixth Edition. But scattered through the substance of the gland, between these lymphocytes, like the interstitial cells of the sex glands placed between the sex cells, are peculiarly staining cells in whorls. The Glands Regulating Personality The latter is free from granulations, feebly basophil, and in contrast to the protoplasm of the lymphocytes stains less deeply than the nucleus. Histology of the Blood Normal and Pathological They are separated from the lymphocytes because they are totally different in appearance, and because forms transitional between the two are not observed. Histology of the Blood Normal and Pathological Virchow indeed, the discoverer of leucocytosis, interpreted it as an increase of the lymphocytes; whereas it is chiefly produced by the polynuclear cells. Histology of the Blood Normal and Pathological There is a moderate degree of leucocytosis, but the increase is due not to the polymorpho-nuclear leucocytes but to lymphocytes. Manual of Surgery Volume First: General Surgery. Sixth Edition. The reaction of the protoplasm is alkaline, to a less degree however than in the lymphocytes. Histology of the Blood Normal and Pathological He distinguishes hyaline, acidophil and basophil cells, and derives all from the lymphocytes. Histology of the Blood Normal and Pathological He says that a distinction between so-called lymphocytes and the leucocytes with polymorphous nuclei, on the grounds of the form of the cell and nature of the nucleus, is not possible at the present time. Histology of the Blood Normal and Pathological Ever since Virchow's description of the lymphocytes, observers have tried to separate the various forms of leucocytes one from another, and if possible to assign different places of origin to these different kinds. Histology of the Blood Normal and Pathological The local lesions are to be regarded as being of the nature of reactions against accumulations of the parasite, lymphocytes and plasma cells being the elements chiefly concerned in the reactive process. Manual of Surgery Volume First: General Surgery. Sixth Edition. Their appearance completely corresponds with that of human lymphocytes as described above. Histology of the Blood Normal and Pathological Investigation showed a considerable lymphæmia: the bulk of the lymphocytes belonged to the larger kinds: the eosinophil cells were certainly not increased. Histology of the Blood Normal and Pathological Just as little as a polynuclear increase is abnormal, is an increase of the lymphocytes remarkable; and in this case the lymphocytic increase was recognisable after the end of the fifth year. Histology of the Blood Normal and Pathological In stained specimens, especially from lymphatic leukæmia, these forms, which completely resemble the protoplasm of the lymphocytes in their staining, may from their nature and origin be readily recognised. Histology of the Blood Normal and Pathological Nevertheless so much could with certainty be established—that there was no considerable increase of the lymphocytes. Histology of the Blood Normal and Pathological An increase of the lymphocytes, so long as an affection of the lymphatic glands may be excluded, should be referred to functional exclusion of the spleen. Histology of the Blood Normal and Pathological Abundant clinical experience testifies that the lymphocytes of the blood really do arise from the lymphatic system. Histology of the Blood Normal and Pathological It is difficult for the advocates of the view that the lymphocytes are the early stages of all white blood corpuscles to reconcile it with these facts. Histology of the Blood Normal and Pathological The protoplasm possesses no special affinity for acid and neutral dyes, and hence in triacid and hæmatoxylin preparations the small lymphocytes are seen chiefly as lightly stained nuclei, apparently free. Histology of the Blood Normal and Pathological Further evidence for the origin of the lymphocytes of the blood from the lymphatic glands is to be obtained from those cases in which we find an increase of the lymphocytes in the blood. Histology of the Blood Normal and Pathological Under certain conditions in which a hyperplasia of the lymphatic glandular apparatus makes its appearance, we often see at first an increase of the lymphocytes in the blood. Histology of the Blood Normal and Pathological According to the results of Rieder the proportion of the lymphocytes to polynuclears is practically normal in the leucocytosis of digestion, indeed the lymphocytes are rather in excess. Histology of the Blood Normal and Pathological The simultaneous increase of lymphocytes and polynuclears is doubtless brought about by a super-position of a raised income of lymphocytes, and an ordinary leucocytosis caused by the assimilated products of metabolism. Histology of the Blood Normal and Pathological By the aid of the iodine-eosine method the reaction of the protoplasm of the lymphocytes is shewn to be strongly alkaline. Histology of the Blood Normal and Pathological A considerable increase of the lymphocytes in the blood-stream is here to be observed. Histology of the Blood Normal and Pathological In the convulsive period of this disease both the polynuclear cells and the lymphocytes are increased, the latter in preponderating amount. Histology of the Blood Normal and Pathological In quite isolated cases, an increase of the lymphocytes in the blood in consequence of the injection of tuberculin into tuberculous individuals has been seen. Histology of the Blood Normal and Pathological This view finds its best support in the fact that the polynuclear leucocytes possess lively amœboid movement, which is completely wanting in the lymphocytes. Histology of the Blood Normal and Pathological These properties taken as a whole constitute a picture completely characteristic of the lymphocytes; and these elements can thereby be diagnosed and separated from other forms, even when their size varies. Histology of the Blood Normal and Pathological Corresponding to the absence of contractility in the lymphocytes it is also observed that in inflammatory processes in contradistinction to the polynuclear neutro-and oxyphils, the lymphocytes are not able to pass through the vessel wall. Histology of the Blood Normal and Pathological Investigation of the pus shewed that it consisted exclusively of polynuclear cells, and that not a single lymphocyte had come into the exudation, although this kind of cell was present so abundantly in the blood. Histology of the Blood Normal and Pathological It consequently follows from clinical and morphological researches, as well as from the observations on inflammatory processes, that the lymphocytes are in no way connected with the polynuclear leucocytes. Histology of the Blood Normal and Pathological We define lymphocytosis as an increase of the lymphocytes of the blood; Fränkel like Uskoff regards it as the emigration of the young forms of the white blood corpuscles into the blood. Histology of the Blood Normal and Pathological They are large lymphocytes, as was established by A. Fränkel years afterwards. Histology of the Blood Normal and Pathological The only escape from this dilemma would be the assumption of a very premature death of the lymphocytes, for which however not the smallest evidence is to be found, even in Fränkel's monograph. Histology of the Blood Normal and Pathological The lymphocytes on the contrary, incapable of emigration, are almost totally devoid of specific granulations. Histology of the Blood Normal and Pathological Corresponding with the increase of neutrophil blood corpuscles alone, there is always a relative decrease of lymphocytes, often to 2% and even lower. Histology of the Blood Normal and Pathological It has however been conclusively demonstrated that occasionally in polynuclear leucocytosis, the absolute number of the lymphocytes may decrease. Histology of the Blood Normal and Pathological Increase of the lymphocytes alone occurs, but in comparison with that of the other forms, much more seldom, and will be conveniently called by the special names of "lymphocytosis" or "lymphæmia." Histology of the Blood Normal and Pathological Concerning the behaviour of the forms of cell here involved, all authors are agreed that under no conditions do the lymphocytes shew the smallest spontaneous movement; whilst the polynuclear neutrophil cells always exhibit vigorous contractility. Histology of the Blood Normal and Pathological |
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