| 单词 | lower bound |
| 例句 | That’s all totally different to where we were and are now—note the zero lower bound at the end of the figure—and in ways that ensure a tougher recovery. We’ve been brainwashed 2012-06-14T17:21:00Z Most important, bariatric surgery seems to reset, to a lower bound, the body weight that the brain tries to maintain. Bariatric Surgery at 16 2023-10-31T04:00:00Z “The threshold we looked at in this paper I would think of as the lower bound,” Powis said. Lethal Heat Is Spreading across the Planet 2023-09-11T04:00:00Z Even so, the system only gives the county a concrete lower bound. The U.S. Undercounts Climate-Driven Deaths 2023-09-06T04:00:00Z But because the lower bound of the confidence interval around this figure fell below FDA’s required 20%, it didn’t meet the agency’s efficacy standard for preventing less severe disease. FDA advisers agree maternal RSV vaccine protects infants, but are divided on its safety 2023-05-18T04:00:00Z Starting in 2008, and again during the pandemic, central banks fought this “zero lower bound” problem with quantitative easing, and budget authorities piled on with deficit spending. Opinion | Why the Fed must double down against inflation 2022-10-13T04:00:00Z The finding that 3.3 percent of Greenland is, in effect, already lost represents “a minimum, a lower bound,” Box said. Greenland ice sheet set to raise sea levels by nearly a foot, study finds 2022-08-29T04:00:00Z If you do not know the sample mean, you can find the error bound by calculating half of the difference of the upper and lower bounds. High School Statistics 2020-03-27T00:00:00Z The lower bound for r is zero, but the upper bound is sometimes the cone and the other times it is the paraboloid. Calculus, Volume 3 2016-03-30T00:00:00Z "In the near future, a new committee on FX market regulation may adjust these restrictions, but until then, the USD/RUB consolidation may stick to the lower bound of the 63.0-70.0 range." Russian rouble hovers near 5-year highs vs euro, stocks up 2022-05-16T04:00:00Z The institutions receiving the money often did not provide precise figures for the donations, only lower bounds, and the amounts could be substantially higher. Russian oligarchs have donated millions to U.S. charities, museums and universities, analysis shows 2022-03-07T05:00:00Z Although the estimate has tightened, it is still not possible to report a lower bound for the neutrino’s mass. How Light Is a Neutrino? The Answer Is Closer Than Ever 2022-02-21T05:00:00Z If the error bound is unknown, then average the upper and lower bounds of the confidence interval to find the sample mean. High School Statistics 2020-03-27T00:00:00Z The cone is the lower bound for z and the paraboloid is the upper bound. Calculus, Volume 3 2016-03-30T00:00:00Z The F.D.A. set 30 percent as the lower bound for efficacy in its criteria. The Next Vaccine Debate: Immunize Young Children Now, or Wait? 2022-02-09T05:00:00Z This would be a fairly conservative option, and effectively factors in a new lower bound for Bank Rate of -0.5% to -0.75%. Explainer: How the Bank of England could start to reverse its huge stimulus 2021-08-02T04:00:00Z "So the numbers here are a conservative lower bound estimate of the true heat deaths due to climate change," she said. How many people has climate change killed already? 2021-06-02T04:00:00Z These points are located halfway between the lower bound and upper bound. High School Statistics 2020-03-27T00:00:00Z The omission of the emerging costs to health is one of many reasons why the IWG’s current estimates should be understood as a lower bound. For Americans' Health, a Dollar of Carbon Emissions Prevented Is Worth a Ton of Cure 2021-04-17T04:00:00Z “If the numbers are small, the lower bound may not be above the 30 percent threshold that was used for the adult trials,” Dr. Dean said. The Next Vaccine Debate: Immunize Young Children Now, or Wait? 2022-02-09T05:00:00Z The new result narrows the range from what Charney and his colleagues calculated while raising the lower bound. Major new climate study rules out less severe global warming scenarios 2020-07-22T04:00:00Z If each of the estimated 7.8 million researchers in the world travelled to one conference every year, the lower bound of the annual carbon emissions would be roughly equivalent to those of some small nations. How scientific conferences will survive the coronavirus shock 2020-06-01T04:00:00Z The lower bound of the Fed’s benchmark rate is already zero. Once taboo, investors begin to imagine negative U.S. rates 2020-05-12T04:00:00Z “But if this virus spreads to the population and infects 60%, which is at the lower bound … of most people’s estimates … then we’ll have about a million deaths.” Republicans buck Trump, side with Democrats on aid for ‘mismanaged’ cities, states 2020-05-06T04:00:00Z He also noted that Brazilian interest rates are not at the lower bound, that is at, or close to, zero, usually a pre-cursor for QE. Brazil headed for 'whatever it takes' QE as coronavirus crash looms 2020-03-27T04:00:00Z “The lessons from the crisis would argue for an approach that commits to maintain policy at the lower bound until full employment and target inflation are achieved,” Brainard said. Fed policymakers call for quick, strong action in next downturn 2020-02-21T05:00:00Z Such an approach “can largely compensate for the effects of the lower bound,” Mr. Bernanke said. Low Interest Rates Worry the Fed. Ben Bernanke Has Some Ideas. 2020-01-04T05:00:00Z And the number of people prescribed an antidepressant offers at least a lower bound on the true depression rate. After fatal school shootings, antidepressant use spikes among student survivors 2019-12-16T05:00:00Z The basic idea is that for a long time, researchers knew about a lower bound for efficient codes, the Gilbert-Varshamov bound, that says that there are codes at least this efficient. Self-Referential Podcasting 2019-11-03T04:00:00Z The result of their collision is an object estimated to weigh around 2.8 solar masses, tantalizingly close to the lower bound of our mass gap. Mind the [Mass] Gap 2019-10-28T04:00:00Z “I don’t think that this issue — of the lower bound, and trying to risk manage around it — is pertinent to a specific issue, of what decision we should make at the coming meetings.” The New York Fed Chief Is Facing His Biggest Test. Here’s His Response. 2019-09-29T04:00:00Z The second problem with a zero percent inflation target is that the Fed would be more likely to face what’s known as the zero lower bound. Perspective | Five myths about the Federal Reserve 2019-08-02T04:00:00Z The trial did not meet a component of the primary endpoint, defined as the pre-specified 15 percent lower bound of the confidence interval between treatment groups. A Possible New Way to Treat Peanut Allergy 2019-06-28T04:00:00Z Rather, the reserve functions as a kind of lower bound on Libra’s value. Facebook’s cryptocurrency Libra, explained 2019-06-26T04:00:00Z But the lower that rates are when the economy is healthy, the more often this “zero lower bound” or “effective lower bound” will pinch. How Will the Fed Fight the Next Recession? It’s Trying to Figure That Out Right Now 2019-04-29T04:00:00Z He describes the way the pigeonhole principle forms the foundation for several other observations that underlie many lower bounds in computer science, including Fano’s inequality. “Like All Good Stories, It Starts with Pigeons” 2019-04-28T04:00:00Z “Zero may seem to be the lower bound for fees, but it’s not,” Warren Miller, Flowspring’s chief executive, said in an interview. A Price War Has Driven Fund Fees to Zero. They May Be Set to Drop Further. 2019-04-05T04:00:00Z The trial did not meet a component of the primary end point, defined as the prespecified 15 percent lower bound of the confidence interval between treatment groups. A New Way to Treat Peanut Allergy 2019-04-01T04:00:00Z Even if we take the lower bound of this range, after 10 years of education this compounds to an an increase of 2/3 of a standard deviation on IQ-- far from trivial I'd say. In the Nature–Nurture War, Robert Plomin Is Fighting a Losing Battle 2019-01-20T05:00:00Z Policymakers also called it the “zero lower bound” and “effective lower bound.” Ten years on, Fed's long, strange, trip to zero redefined central... 2018-12-16T05:00:00Z Moreover, in contrast to the kind of analysis pioneered by Landauer, this analysis of the thermodynamic costs of circuits is exact, not just a lower bound. Why Do Computers Use So Much Energy? 2018-10-04T04:00:00Z Lindsay Walters, a White House spokeswoman, said $3.9 trillion is a “plausible lower bound” for past corporate profits offshore and cited the first-quarter data. Companies Aren’t All Rushing to Repatriate Cash 2018-09-16T04:00:00Z De Grey’s recent paper shows that at least five colors are required, raising the lower bound. A Few of My Favorite Spaces: The Moser Spindle 2018-04-28T04:00:00Z Economists treat the zero lower bound as an economic dilemma, but in truth it’s a political problem. Consumers Make Their Own Case Against Abolishing Cash 2018-03-15T04:00:00Z It took seven years for the Fed to leave the zero lower bound, and rates are still abnormally low. Ten years on, Fed's long, strange, trip to zero redefined central... 2018-12-16T05:00:00Z “My own view about what is possible at the zero lower bound is quite a bit more optimistic than it was back then,” Mr. Hatzius said. As Economy Grows, Federal Reserve Frets Next Downturn 2018-02-23T05:00:00Z Surgeons get early warnings when their use of operating-room time approaches lower bounds set by the hospital. What the Hospitals of the Future Look Like 2018-02-26T05:00:00Z Four colors are required to ensure that no two edge of the Moser spindle connects two points that are the same color, making four a lower bound for the Hadwiger-Nelson problem. A Few of My Favorite Spaces: The Moser Spindle 2018-04-28T04:00:00Z Since 2008, policy makers and a certain kind of pundit and professor have fretted that cash imposes a “zero lower bound” on interest rates. Consumers Make Their Own Case Against Abolishing Cash 2018-03-15T04:00:00Z “That really is the lower bound,” said Malone. Why the bitcoin craze is using up so much energy 2017-12-19T05:00:00Z The downside is clear: The standard prison sentence for espionage, handed down in recent spying cases, was 12 years — at the lower bound of the Russian criminal code’s range of 12 to 20. Clinton, Trump and a Kremlin that plays both sides 2017-10-27T04:00:00Z The response: Replying to criticism of its plan, the EPA said via email that its "analyses are designed to increase transparency rather than imply a specific lower bound on the size of the health co-benefits." Analysis | The Energy 202: The other scientific consensus the EPA is bucking 2017-10-11T04:00:00Z “These analyses are designed to increase transparency rather than imply a specific lower bound on the size of the health co-benefits,” the agency said. New EPA document reveals sharply lower estimate of the cost of climate change 2017-10-11T04:00:00Z These bounds might be based on analysis of the best known algorithm or on provable lower bounds if we replace the 3-SAT instance with a black-box ‘oracle’ function. Quantum computational supremacy : Nature : Nature Research 2017-09-12T04:00:00Z Wehner says the "lower bound" of the increase in rain as a result of climate's impact on temperature is at least 10 to 15 percent. How Climate Change Likely Heightened Harvey’s Fury 2017-08-28T04:00:00Z The lower bound is often from 70 percent to 80 percent instead of the 80-to-90 range that Gallup polls typically show. Why Trump’s Base of Support May Be Smaller Than It Seems 2017-07-19T04:00:00Z The problem is that a lower bound on interest rates creates a sharp asymmetry in how the economy works: It’s relatively easy for the Fed to cool an overheating economy by raising rates. The Economy May Be Stuck in a Near-Zero World 2017-04-07T04:00:00Z As a conservative lower bound on the time of first habitability, we used an estimate of the inception of island growth on the seafloor. The true tempo of evolutionary radiation and decline revealed on the Hawaiian archipelago : Nature : Nature Research 2017-03-14T04:00:00Z This does not last forever—the oscillations damp away as a function of waiting time as a consequence of dephasing, giving a lower bound for the decoherence time of the quantum superposition. Using coherence to enhance function in chemical and biophysical systems : Nature : Nature Research 2017-03-28T04:00:00Z Policymakers are eager to move as far as possible from the zero lower bound hit during the financial crisis, and the economy is near the Fed's goals of two percent inflation and full employment. Fed's Bullard says rates can remain low through 2017 2017-02-09T05:00:00Z If all such respondents disapprove of him, that would be the lower bound. Why Trump’s Base of Support May Be Smaller Than It Seems 2017-07-19T04:00:00Z When everybody is at the zero lower bound and they’re all being constrained, there’s a negative feedback loop. Fed’s John Williams Feels Uncertainty Among Business Leaders 2016-12-20T05:00:00Z The Fed chairwoman is also inclined to let the unemployment rate test its lower bounds. Janet Yellen and Donald Trump Are on the Same Page, for Now 2016-12-15T05:00:00Z If your colleague really is *retiring*, a more modest celebration might be acceptable to him/her, which might suggest a nontrivial lower bound. The Problem With One-Size-Fits-All Health Insurance 2016-12-05T05:00:00Z And it is considering an “output floor”—a lower bound for the risk-weighted sum of their assets—of 60-90% of the figure calculated under a “standardised” method. A showdown looms over bank-capital rules 2016-11-24T05:00:00Z The BOE thinks the lower bound is close to, but above, zero. BOE: Pondering Markets as Much as Brexit 2016-09-15T04:00:00Z And with a very low inflation target around the world, the likelihood of all of us hitting the zero lower bound is higher. Fed’s John Williams Feels Uncertainty Among Business Leaders 2016-12-20T05:00:00Z “Would you consider a policy setting one tick above the zero lower bound still appropriate?” U.S. stocks hold their own after sell-off in global markets 2016-09-12T04:00:00Z "If 1.6 percent inflation and 4.9 percent unemployment were all you knew about the economy, would you consider a policy setting one tick above the zero lower bound still appropriate?" Atlanta Fed's Lockhart: 'Serious discussion' over rate rise warranted 2016-09-12T04:00:00Z “The effective lower bound is close to but slightly above zero,” he said. U.K., Europe Discover New Divide Over Negative Interest Rates 2016-08-07T04:00:00Z It estimated that lower bound to be “close to, but a little above, zero.” U.K. central bank unveils stimulus to counter Brexit jitters 2016-08-04T04:00:00Z A: Once major central banks hit the zero lower bound, the key issue was whether central banks would be able to keep inflation expectations consistent with inflation targets. Outspoken Fed Official Frets About Following Japan’s Path 2016-05-04T04:00:00Z The download requests came from 3 million unique IP addresses, which provides a lower bound. Who's downloading pirated papers? Everyone 2016-04-28T04:00:00Z This would clearly be a lower bound estimate since about 50% of U.S people are blood type O+. Fathered by the Mailman? It’s Mostly an Urban Legend 2016-04-08T04:00:00Z That suggests that banks still haven’t hit the “economic lower bound” at which negative rates do more harm than good. U.K., Europe Discover New Divide Over Negative Interest Rates 2016-08-07T04:00:00Z When the economy is at the zero lower bound – when the interest rate is at or near zero – they boost demand in a system positively starved for it. Why American workers are in dire need of a wage rise | Josh Bivens 2016-01-09T05:00:00Z Q: But aren’t you still effectively at the zero lower bound? Outspoken Fed Official Frets About Following Japan’s Path 2016-05-04T04:00:00Z It will try to set the lower bound, or a floor under short-term rates, with the interest rate it pays institutions like money-market funds on so-called reverse repurchase agreements. Fed Updates Details of Rate Rise Tools, Boosts Size of Reverse Repos 2015-12-16T05:00:00Z Experience with the zero lower bound raises questions that some are now asking Janet L. Yellen, the chairwoman of the Fed. Preparing to Raise Rates, Fed Underestimates Benefits of More Inflation 2015-12-15T05:00:00Z Responding to reporters' questions over possible future action and whether interest rates were now at their lower bound, Draghi said: "We are not going to be hampered in this by technical issues." ECB cuts deposit rate, extends purchases to boost inflation 2015-12-03T05:00:00Z The ECB is not alone in testing the lower bound to interest rates. Bankers v mattresses 2015-11-26T05:00:00Z If you look at the research in monetary economics on policy at the zero lower bound, it’s unsatisfactory, so we’ve got a lot to discuss. Outspoken Fed Official Frets About Following Japan’s Path 2016-05-04T04:00:00Z "In a global zero lower bound environment, surplus countries hold world output down." Monetary policy risks becoming ineffective in low growth world: ECB Coeure 2015-11-21T05:00:00Z They were too high because of the zero lower bound. A Debate With Bernanke Over the Fed’s Easy Money Policies 2015-11-11T05:00:00Z Further complicating the matter is the ECB's earlier communication that the deposit rate was at lower bound so a cut would break the guidance putting some pressure on the bank's credibility. Exclusive: ECB rate setters converge on December deposit rate cut 2015-11-09T05:00:00Z "Perhaps central bank money is ripe for its own great technological leap forward, prompted by the pressing demands of the zero lower bound," he said. Sub-zero interest rates have floor nearby, albeit a shaky one 2015-10-28T04:00:00Z “Particularly after being at the zero lower bound for a long time, I think moving in large discrete amounts would be a risky strategy,” Mr. Rosengren said. Fed Seen as Unlikely to Raise Rates, as Pressures Mount From Both Sides 2015-10-27T04:00:00Z Oettl, however, thinks that his figures are likely to represent the lower bounds of how often later studies disagree with previous work. Science papers rarely cited in negative ways 2015-10-25T04:00:00Z Particularly after being at the zero lower bound for a long time, I think moving in large discrete amounts would be a risky strategy. Q. and A. With Fed’s Eric Rosengren: Still Bullish on Economy 2015-10-05T04:00:00Z While the number of people who died in Hurricane Katrina is likely much higher, even the lower bound shows the devastating impact of a huge storm that New Orleans was ill-equipped to handle. No One Knows How Many People Died in Katrina 2015-08-28T04:00:00Z That leaves more radical moves to overcome the lower bound. Sub-zero interest rates have floor nearby, albeit a shaky one 2015-10-28T04:00:00Z However, do note something rather important here, this is a lower bound: The $15 Minimum Wage Would Cause At Least 300,000 Job Losses 2015-07-09T04:00:00Z We did hit the zero lower bound and then we went off and did all sorts of unconventional monetary policy. BIS Worries About Low Interest Rates, Ignores Power Of Unconventional Monetary Policy 2015-06-29T04:00:00Z “After all, lift-off will represent a regime change after more than six years at the zero lower bound.” Investors Turn Cautious as Fed Edges Toward Rate Increases 2015-06-16T04:00:00Z Conversely, the Great Recession spurred the Fed to lower the target rate for the first time to what's known as the zero lower bound — from zero to 0.25%. Q&A: How a key Fed interest rate affects the economy "What would be a good policy here is nominal GDP targeting, with these special price level adjustments when the zero lower bound threatens." Fed's Bullard: low rate vow is 'not helpful,' GDP targeting is 2015-05-28T04:00:00Z So, the 2% inflation target was set when it was thought that that was high enough for us never to actually approach the zero lower bound. Don't Raise The Fed's 2% Inflation Target; QE Does Actually Work, You See? 2015-05-21T04:00:00Z Zero interest rates is not in fact the lower bound at which monetary policy stops being effective. BIS Worries About Low Interest Rates, Ignores Power Of Unconventional Monetary Policy 2015-06-29T04:00:00Z The benefits of avoiding a return to the so-called zero lower bound, he said, outweighed the potential economic disruption. 2% Inflation Rate Target Is Questioned as Fed Policy Panel Prepares to Meet 2015-04-28T04:00:00Z But if investors simply cannot obtain large amounts of physical cash because banks won’t issue it to them, the slightly-below-zero lower bound cannot bind. The Swiss Have Eliminated The Zero Lower Bound 2015-04-25T04:00:00Z The study in question, published in Journal of Climate, is titled rather drably, "Rethinking the lower bound on aerosol radiative forcing." How to Misinterpret Climate Change Research 2015-04-23T04:00:00Z But it's worth recalling the reasons we were so close to the supposed zero lower bound in the first place. Why use negative interest rates? 2015-04-16T04:00:00Z A. It gets back to the question of whether the zero lower bound is going to be consequential in the future. Q. and A. With the Fed’s John Williams: Timing of Rate Rise Is Overrated 2015-04-16T04:00:00Z This is very like the concerns over the zero lower bound. Excellent News; The Next Recession Could Bring Wage Deflation 2015-04-15T04:00:00Z We then hit the zero lower bound and we couldn’t do any more of that. An Argument For Quantitative Tightening Rather Than Just Raising The Federal Funds Rate 2015-03-25T04:00:00Z The Bank of England's website says that the "effective lower bound" for the interest rate it sets, Bank Rate, is the current rate of 0.5%. How low can interest rates go? 2015-03-25T04:00:00Z But at the very least recent developments show the zero lower bound is not as rigid as it was widely thought to be. Why use negative interest rates? 2015-04-16T04:00:00Z This is really the first time we’ve been able to conduct a decent experiment about monetary policy at that zero lower bound. Is There Really A Zero Lower Bound To Interest Rates? 2015-03-01T05:00:00Z That would mean that there’s more room to lower interest rates the next time around as we’d all be starting from a higher point before we hit the zero lower bound. Excellent News; The Next Recession Could Bring Wage Deflation 2015-04-15T04:00:00Z All of this leads us to conclude that the sustainable lower bound on nominal interest rates is the marginal cost of supplying CRAs. How Low Can Negative Interest Rates Go? Minus 0.5% Maybe? 2015-02-15T05:00:00Z The other contributor to the fall in the effective lower bound is the recovery of Britain's banks. How low can interest rates go? 2015-03-25T04:00:00Z That lower bound of 4.8 is roughly equal to the size of the global tuna fishery. Plastic heading for oceans quantified 2015-02-12T05:00:00Z And then we get to the second argument which is that the zero lower bound doesn’t actually exist. Is There Really A Zero Lower Bound To Interest Rates? 2015-03-01T05:00:00Z It was no longer about providing liquidity; it was about providing stimulus at the zero lower bound. Q. and A. With Charles Plosser of the Fed: Raise Rates Sooner Rather Than Later 2015-01-30T05:00:00Z It’s been entirely obvious ever since Milton Friedman published Monetary History of the United States back in the 60s that QE was indeed the correct reaction to deflation at that zero interest rate lower bound. Finally, A Decent Explanation For Why The ECB Took So Long To Do Euro Stimulus 2015-01-24T05:00:00Z However, when we think in terms of Keynesian economics, and we’re at that lower bound of the zero interest rate, possibly also facing deflation worries, then the normal rules become somewhat inverted. Japan's Savings Rate Turns Negative; Isn't This What Everyone Wanted? 2014-12-27T05:00:00Z “It is still premature to begin to raise interest rates, that is, to ‘lift off’ from the zero lower bound,” he said, adding that “unemployment is too high and inflation is too low.” Will the Fed drop ‘considerable time’ when it meets this week? 2014-12-15T05:00:00Z However, the generally accepted asymmetry is that there’s the zero lower bound. Is There Really A Zero Lower Bound To Interest Rates? 2015-03-01T05:00:00Z The fact that we’ve spent six years at the so-called zero lower bound is amazing and depressing. Rock bottom economics: What happens when interest rates hit zero 2014-11-24T05:00:00Z The overall decline in assets of the money market fund industry speaks to how damaging hitting and crossing the zero lower bound into negative territory has been for the European money markets. The Consequences of Draghi and the ECB Setting Negative Nominal Interest Rates in Europe 2014-10-02T04:00:00Z They estimated that without additional intervention, 550,000 Ebola cases will be reported by January, a lower bound that doesn’t account for the cases that go unreported. 5 Reasons We May Never Know Ebola's True Impact 2014-09-30T04:00:00Z Which leaves us with the problem of that zero lower bound. No, We Don't Want To Move To A 4% Inflation Target 2014-09-27T04:00:00Z A standard part of the standard Keynesian economics of our day is that fiscal policy becomes necessary at the zero lower bound. Is There Really A Zero Lower Bound To Interest Rates? 2015-03-01T05:00:00Z Even the “lower bound” on climate change impacts will cause harm. Certainties, Uncertainties and Choices with Global Warming 2014-09-26T04:00:00Z Many rich economies are stuck at the “zero lower bound”, with interest rates close to zero. Leaving dead presidents in peace 2014-09-18T04:00:00Z Delaying the end of reinvestment puts the emphasis where it needs to be—getting off the zero lower bound for interest rates. The Fed disagrees on what to do next–and it hasn’t even gotten to interest rates yet The point being that the zero lower bound only insists that conventional monetary policy doesn’t work at that zero lower bound for interest rates. No, We Don't Want To Move To A 4% Inflation Target 2014-09-27T04:00:00Z Thus, in this sense, the zero lower bound does not actually bite. Is There Really A Zero Lower Bound To Interest Rates? 2015-03-01T05:00:00Z The problem faced by Black as well as by Wu and Xia is what to do when short-term interest rates hit what’s known as the zero lower bound and can’t drop any further. Study: Bernanke's Fed Lowered the Jobless Rate by One Percentage Point 2014-06-09T04:00:00Z In contrast, using the lower bound figure, the value of health coverage is only $4,372. How Much Should Taxpayers Spend To Give Uninsured People 16 Days of Healthy Life? 2014-05-27T04:00:00Z Second, when conditions permit, it would be desirable to get off the zero lower bound in order to regain some monetary policy flexibility. The Fed disagrees on what to do next–and it hasn’t even gotten to interest rates yet And we’ve got that evidence from the actions of the Fed and the Bank of England recently that unconventional monetary policy does still work at that zero lower bound. No, We Don't Want To Move To A 4% Inflation Target 2014-09-27T04:00:00Z However, this standard part of the standard theory rather falls apart if we find that there is in fact no zero lower bound to interest rates. Is There Really A Zero Lower Bound To Interest Rates? 2015-03-01T05:00:00Z Sea-level rise pegged at 1 to 6 feet by end of century The report goes further than previous editions by predicting upper and lower bounds for sea-level rise through the end of the century. Deadly Heat Waves, Flooding Rains, Crop Failures Among Climate Change Plagues Already Afflicting Americans 2014-05-07T15:10:00Z That substantially raises the likelihood of hitting the zero lower bound in the next recession, and that substantially raises the expected severity of the next recession. Monetary policy: A few points on slack 2014-03-12T15:45:50Z Even the upper and lower bounds don’t necessarily capture all the uncertainty in measuring drug spending. More Pot, Less Cocaine: Sizing Up America’s Illicit Drug Market 2014-03-10T18:27:54Z I don't know exactly how much the zero lower bound has cost the American economy over the past half decade, but the bill probably runs to several trillion dollars. Monetary policy: No cushion needed, apparently 2014-03-05T13:56:11Z Supporters of a "secular stagnation" story for economic weakness, in which there is excess saving in the economy pushing interest rates down to the zero lower bound, often cite rising inequality as a key mechanism. Inequality: Does raising all boats lift the tide? 2014-03-04T11:45:23Z Indeed, Ben Bernanke once argued that aggressive depreciation was sufficient to get an economy stuck at the zero lower bound moving again. Secular stagnation: Purchasing power disparity 2014-01-14T18:22:07Z Many economists—including Mr Summers—reckon this “zero lower bound” has kept central banks from slashing interest rates enough to get investment going and economies back on track. Free exchange: Stagnant thinking 2013-12-05T16:07:33Z At the zero lower bound cautious monetary policies are wrong-headed no matter what the source deep within the collective German psyche. Economic history: Germany's hyperinflation-phobia 2013-11-15T16:23:08Z With interest rate equilibrium a thing of the past and many economies pinched up against the lower bound of interest rates we need to find some new options and interventions. Secular stagnation: The solution that cannot be named 2013-11-17T22:06:58Z The problem, to Summers, is what economists call the “zero lower bound,” the fact that interest rates can’t be reduced further to stimulate the economy once they reach the floor of zero. Larry Summers Has a Wintry Outlook on the Economy 2013-11-18T19:29:07Z Now some will argue that because of the zero lower bound central banks lack sufficient policy traction to raise inflation. Secular stagnation: The solution that cannot be named 2013-11-17T22:06:58Z Our analysis provides the lower bound for tumour heterogeneity, because only coding mutations were used for clustering. Mutational landscape and significance across 12 major cancer types 2013-10-16T17:22:05.383Z Some economists maintain that monetary policy, conventional or otherwise, loses much of its power at the zero lower bound. Monetary policy after the crash: Controlling interest 2013-09-19T14:59:24Z "This conveys the notion that we have not reached the lower bound on our key interest rates," he added. ECB has easing bias, not out of ammunition: Praet 2013-08-06T07:18:10Z He replied: A future project will assign instruments to the upper and lower bounds, which converge through time…. Dot Earth Blog: Fiddling While the World Warms 2013-07-10T13:45:01Z Central banks' current inflation goals are inconsistent with a real recovery or a sustained exit from the zero lower bound. Secular stagnation: The solution that cannot be named 2013-11-17T22:06:58Z The messages don’t improve from their lower bound unless they have to, so the result doesn’t get “better” from a human perspective—that is, more convincing or plausibly human—just stranger. Spam: A Shadow History of the Internet [Excerpt Part Two] 2013-06-19T16:15:00.180Z By early 2009 many were close to zero, approaching what economists call the “zero lower bound”. Monetary policy after the crash: Controlling interest 2013-09-19T14:59:24Z It is time we examine the critical elements of labor force participation rates around the zero lower bound interest rates that have so far stymied all inflation expectations and have ushered a downward spiral. Recommended economics writing: Weekend link exchange 2013-04-15T00:39:08Z A more probable scenario may be one in which the Fed becomes too eager to leave the zero lower bound. America's economy: The boom this time 2013-01-21T16:40:08Z The zero lower bound is a nominal problem. Secular stagnation: The solution that cannot be named 2013-11-17T22:06:58Z Paul Krugman, by contrast, that at the zero lower bound a combination of fiscal and monetary expansion is exactly what's necessary to get the economy moving. The Japanese economy: Both barrels? 2013-01-18T20:48:04Z In the current circumstances, America seems very unlikely to escape the zero lower bound in the absence of a period of above-trend inflation. Monetary policy: What to expect when you're expecting faster growth 2012-12-05T21:31:02Z The whole argument for nominal GDP targeting and higher inflation expectations is that real interest rates are too high, and we can't drive them low enough because of the zero lower bound. Inflation: Not so great expectations 2012-12-03T15:09:26Z These estimates represent a lower bound, but reinforce the observation that there is more non-coding functional DNA than either coding sequence or mammalian evolutionarily constrained bases. An integrated encyclopedia of DNA elements in the human genome 2012-09-05T17:21:22.380Z Mr Bernanke has systematically avoided his own good advice about how to stimulate at the zero lower bound. Monetary policy: A central-bank failure of epic proportions 2012-06-01T14:59:11Z “Higher expected inflation would aid an economy up against the zero lower bound,” Krugman wrote, “because it would help persuade investors and businesses alike that sitting on cash is a bad idea.” Battle of the Heavy-Hitter Economists: Krugman and Bernanke Slug It Out Over Fed Policy 2012-04-30T14:29:47Z "If we continue using this interpretation of events, it may be very difficult for the U.S. to ever move off of the zero lower bound on nominal interest rates," he said. Fed should raise rates in 2013, Bullard says 2012-02-06T16:44:11Z There is a large margin of error in the estimates, and in most cases, they fall within each others’ upper and lower bounds. New study doubles estimate of global malaria deaths 2012-02-03T02:23:51Z Quantitative easing “is implemented in the U.K. and U.S., where the central banks consider that there are risks of deflation and where the policy rate is constrained by the zero lower bound,” Bini Smaghi said. Bini Smaghi Says ECB Should Use QE If Deflation Danger Arises 2011-12-23T06:32:06Z “Forward guidance and other forms of communication about policy can be valuable even when the zero lower bound is not relevant, and I expect to see increasing use of such tools in the future.” Bernanke Says Fed Seeks to Increase Clarity About Its Goals 2011-10-18T18:03:02Z Another intriguing finding is that their confidence limits widen after bear markets, mostly because estimates at the lower bound become more pessimistic. Economic View: The Overconfidence Problem in Forecasting 2010-08-21T21:56:00Z But the core reading excluding food and energy climbed just 1.3 percent, slightly above forecasts but still near the lower bound of the U.S. central bank's presumed comfort range. Producer prices ease in May as energy costs dive 2010-06-16T12:35:00Z “To deliver future monetary stimulus consistent with the past— and ignoring the zero lower bound — the funds rate would be negative until late 2012,” Mr. Rudebusch wrote. Interest Rates Could Stay at Record Low Till 2012 2010-06-15T02:00:00Z As such, they may be something of a lower bound on the true connection between productivity and density. Why Humanity Loves, and Needs, Cities 2010-04-13T13:03:00Z The trail marks the lower bounds of the N. F., but this fellow's line runs clear up above the trail. The Freebooters of the Wilderness “In practice, this suggests little need to raise the funds rate target above its zero lower bound anytime soon.” Interest Rates Could Stay at Record Low Till 2012 2010-06-15T02:00:00Z |
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