| 单词 | lignite |
| 例句 | Wayne continued, “Well, that field’s full of lignite. Lignite is, like, one step before coal. There’s hundreds of miles of it under here.” Tangerine 1997-01-01T00:00:00Z One elderly editor is called on the carpet for writing, in passing, that lignite, or brown coal, produces soot when burned. Books of The Times: ‘Red Love,’ a Memoir of East Germany 2014-04-13T21:01:38Z “This essentially harmless statement is severely castigated by the editor in chief, because it might be read as a criticism of air pollution from lignite stoves,” Mr. Leo writes. Books of The Times: ‘Red Love,’ a Memoir of East Germany 2014-04-13T21:01:38Z The mining continued throughout the 20th century, reaching peak production under the GDR regime, which was highly dependant on lignite as a natural energy resource, especially following the 1970s oil crisis. East Germany’s old mines transformed into new lake district 2016-09-17T04:00:00Z Greece has some experience with planned relocation, such as of mountainous rural communities facing landslides in the 1960s and 70s, and more recently of communities near lignite plants. Catastrophic flood drives Greek village of Metamorfosi to seek relocation 2023-11-16T05:00:00Z But Polish Prime Minister Mateusz Morawiecki said Wednesday that his government members are “caretakers and protectors of Poland’s black coal and lignite mines and we will not allow Poland’s coal mining to be closed.” Poland, Germany discuss avoiding repeat of deadly river pollution but ready for all scenarios 2023-06-07T04:00:00Z North Dakota has an abundance of lignite, a type of coal primarily used to generate electricity. The Real-World Costs of the Digital Race for Bitcoin 2023-04-09T04:00:00Z Part of the new update is designed to address the type of coal that produces the biggest byproduct when its burned, lignite. EPA clamps down on mercury from coal power plants 2023-04-05T04:00:00Z In Europe, lignite and coal is being burnt to ensure that there is energy. Insider Q&A: From oil to offshore wind, Ørsted transformed 2023-03-20T04:00:00Z According to the Associated Press, studies indicate that around 110 million metric tons of coal sit underneath Lützerath, and RWE reports that Garzweiler extracts up to 30 million tons of lignite every year. Thousands of protestors fought the expansion of a German coal mine — in vain 2023-01-22T05:00:00Z The Greens viewed that compromise as a win, although the move incensed many environmental activists, particularly as the coal being mined is lignite, one of the most polluting types. Germany's Greens must squeeze coalition on climate after coal mine protest 2023-01-19T05:00:00Z The Garzweiler lignite mine is due to be expanded to meet energy demands after Germany vowed to end their reliance on Russian fuel. Police carry away Greta Thunberg from protest 2023-01-17T05:00:00Z But activists have said Germany should not be mining any more lignite and focus on expanding renewable energy instead. Thunberg joins march on German village in protest against coal mine expansion 2023-01-14T05:00:00Z But the climate protesters have been buoyed by public support, with a survey suggesting 59% of Germans are against the lignite mine expanding. Lützerath: Greta Thunberg joins 'Pinky' and 'Brain' tunnel protest 2023-01-13T05:00:00Z That the mine produces lignite is a major sticking point for climate activists, given that it's the "dirtiest" form of coal. Thousands of protestors fought the expansion of a German coal mine — in vain 2023-01-22T05:00:00Z Outside the parliament building, demonstrators urged lawmakers to protect the mines and power plants at the Maritsa East lignite coal complex in southern Bulgaria, which provide jobs to over 10,000 people. Bulgarian lawmakers back coal plants with vote to roll back green targets 2023-01-12T05:00:00Z But several hundred climate protesters are determined to stop the company from getting at the lignite that lies underneath it. Lützerath eviction: German police drag climate protesters from coal village 2023-01-11T05:00:00Z Environmental activists were locked in a standoff with police this week around the hamlet of Luetzerath, west of Cologne, that’s due to be bulldozed for the expansion of a nearby lignite mine. German coal mine clash pits laws against climate 2023-01-10T05:00:00Z The land around and under Lützerath is rich in lignite - the dirtiest form of coal. Lützerath: German coal mine stand off amid Ukraine war energy crunch 2023-01-08T05:00:00Z The hamlet is to be demolished to expand the Garzweiler lignite mine, despite protests from environmentalists who fear millions more tons of heat-trapping carbon dioxide will be released into the atmosphere. Protests as German village to make way for coal mine 2023-01-02T05:00:00Z At the same time, rules to limit smog have been postponed, and residents are increasingly burning whatever materials they can, be it harmful lignite oil and trash to heat their homes. The year Russia turbocharged a global energy crisis 2022-12-13T05:00:00Z Germany says it needs lignite if it's to meet its energy requirements, now that it can no longer rely on supplies from Russia. Lützerath eviction: German police drag climate protesters from coal village 2023-01-11T05:00:00Z Desperate for supplies for the winter, Poles started driving to the Czech Republic during the summer to buy lignite from wholesalers there. 'Burn everything': Poland chokes on the smog of war 2022-12-08T05:00:00Z But RWE, which states it's investing heavily in energy transition technologies both in the region and around the world, claims that, under the current circumstances, Germany needs the lignite under Lützerath. Lützerath: German coal mine stand off amid Ukraine war energy crunch 2023-01-08T05:00:00Z Greece is extending the operation of all its brown coal-fired or lignite power plants to 2028 and increasing coal production by 50 percent. 2-Minute Showers and a Flotilla of Gas Shipments: Europe Braces for Winter 2022-11-01T04:00:00Z Poland - The country suspended in September a ban on the use of lignite — the most polluting type of coal — for heating homes until April 2023 to ease the supply crisis. Factbox: Energy crisis revives coal demand and production 2022-10-19T04:00:00Z But they insist that does not justify the demolition of Lützerath, which sits above deposits of lignite, the more polluting, softer variety. Germany’s New Hunger for Coal Dooms a Tiny Village 2022-10-13T04:00:00Z With coal out of reach for some, residents are also resorting to burning garbage, which produces more carcinogenic toxins than lignite according to professor Kleczkowski, and local authorities are struggling to stop it. 'Burn everything': Poland chokes on the smog of war 2022-12-08T05:00:00Z The decision will accelerate the closure of some of Europe’s most polluting power plants and a vast lignite strip mine in the west of the country. German energy giant RWE to end coal use by 2030 2022-10-04T04:00:00Z "Strong incentives have pushed coal and lignite generation 25% above year-ago levels, despite a whole host of plant closures over the past three years," analysts at Bank of America said about Europe. Coal rush! Energy crisis fires global hunt for polluting fuel 2022-09-20T04:00:00Z Those include plans to make up for gas shortages by burning more lignite, known as “brown coal,” one of the most environmentally damaging ways to generate energy. Russia resumes gas flows to Germany after Nord Stream maintenance 2022-07-21T04:00:00Z With increasing heat and pressure, lignite turns to sub-bituminous coal, bituminous coal, and then, in a process like metamorphism, anthracite. An Introduction to Geology 2017-01-01T00:00:00Z The plants burn soft coal, or lignite, the dirtiest form of the fuel. Russia Crimps Gas Flows Just as Europe Races to Stock Up for Winter 2022-06-23T04:00:00Z The new measures include an import ban on lignite, coal and other items such as caviar, timber and seafood which are seen as important sources of revenue for Russia, the government said. Swiss implement further EU sanctions against Russia, Belarus 2022-04-27T04:00:00Z RWE earlier reported final results for 2021, which showed a 25% increase in both adjusted net profit as well as generation from brown coal, or lignite, which is among the most CO2 intense energy sources. RWE needs to divest brown coal to become fully green - Enkraft 2022-03-15T04:00:00Z The Polish lignite mine is located near the Czech border and Czech authorities have said it negatively affects the environment and drains water from local villages. Poland recalls ambassador to Prague over coal mine comments 2022-01-07T05:00:00Z But clearer heads warned that then-Chancellor Angela Merkel’s decision was a mistake that would force Europe’s largest economy to rely on fossil fuels such as lignite, an especially dirty form of coal. Opinion | Germany is closing its last nuclear plants. What a mistake. 2022-01-01T05:00:00Z Earlier this year, Japan and Australia opened a joint project in the state of Victoria to turn a type of coal called lignite, or brown coal, into hydrogen. Climate change: Is ‘blue hydrogen’ Japan’s answer to coal? 2021-12-05T05:00:00Z The European Union's top court told Poland to halt operations at the Turow lignite mine and power plant on the border with the Czech Republic after Prague complained of environmental damage in nearby Czech villages. Poland and Czech Republic need until Monday for Turow talks, says minister 2021-11-05T04:00:00Z The money is flowing to countries like Greece, which is accelerating the closing of dirty lignite coal mines as it tries to create a clean energy economy. Europe Fears That Rising Cost of Climate Action Is Stirring Anger 2021-11-01T04:00:00Z Changes are underway on the mainland too, where dirty lignite coal mines that powered Greece for decades are being fast-tracked for closure. Greece Is Getting Rewired for the Future 2021-10-29T04:00:00Z Warsaw also argues that Prague finds no problem with a number of large lignite mines that operate in the same area on the Czech side of the border and in nearby Germany. Polish miners protest top EU court’s order to shut mine 2021-10-22T04:00:00Z Coal stocks were low, and an unofficial Chinese ban on Australian lignite meant they couldn’t quickly be replenished. An energy crisis is gripping the world, with potentially grave consequences 2021-10-09T04:00:00Z The Garzweiler lignite mine, operated by utility giant RWE, has become a focus of protests by people who want Germany to stop extracting and burning coal as soon as possible. Climate activist Nakate visits huge German coal mine 2021-10-09T04:00:00Z On Monday, the EU court ordered Poland to pay a 500,000 euro daily fine for defying a ruling to halt the Turow lignite mine on the border with the Czech Republic. Polish court to rule on primacy of EU law amid tensions with Brussels 2021-09-22T04:00:00Z While turbines and solar panels are scattered across the country, Greece clung to oil and lignite coal for decades as vested Greek oil industry interests thwarted change. Greece Is Getting Rewired for the Future 2021-10-29T04:00:00Z Poland has also argued that it’s being treated unfairly because the Czech Republic and Germany operate a number of lignite mines close to Poland’s borders. EU court fines Poland 500,000 euros daily until mine closes 2021-09-20T04:00:00Z The privately run plant uses lignite to generate electricity, according to its website. Fire that reached Turkey power plant contained, others burn 2021-08-05T04:00:00Z Poland is also in intensive talks with the neighboring Czech Republic over another Polish lignite plant and mine near the countries’ border. Human error blamed for outage, fire at top Polish power unit 2021-06-23T04:00:00Z In the mine, excavating machines that dwarf small tower blocks dig soft brown coal, also known as lignite, to provide fuel for the adjacent power plant. Turow: Vast Polish coal mine infuriates the neighbours 2021-06-16T04:00:00Z Poland also argues it is not being treated fairly because the Czech Republic and Germany operate a number of lignite mines close to Poland’s borders without facing conflicts. EU court: Czechs want Poland fined for ignoring mine ban 2021-06-15T04:00:00Z Approximately 48% of Poland’s energy comes from hard black coal and 17% from softer and more polluting lignite, or brown coal. EU court fines Poland 500,000 euros daily until mine closes 2021-09-20T04:00:00Z The plant uses lignite coal, which emits far more carbon dioxide than other varieties, from the adjacent open-cast mine, known as Turow. Dispute Over a Coal Industry Pits Poland Against Its Neighbors 2021-05-30T04:00:00Z The order by the court’s Vice President Rosario Silva de Lapuerta said “due to its negative effects” the Turow mine “must immediately cease lignite extraction activities.” EU court tells Poland to halt lignite mine on Czech border 2021-05-21T04:00:00Z There are many vast open-pit mines excavating lignite in this region, most of them fuelling power plants in the Czech Republic and nearby Germany. Turow: Vast Polish coal mine infuriates the neighbours 2021-06-16T04:00:00Z Belchatow, in central Poland, combines Europe’s largest lignite mine and Poland’s largest power plant. Poland’s main Belchatow power plant crippled by outage 2021-05-18T04:00:00Z Japan’s hydrogen plans begin, ironically, at Australia’s huge lignite coal mines and a coal-fired power station in Victoria state’s Latrobe Valley. Japan bets on hydrogen to lift its ambitious carbon-neutral plans 2021-04-13T04:00:00Z Many of the plants use lignite, a particularly polluting coal mined in Germany. EU probes Germany’s move to pay for coal plant closures 2021-03-02T05:00:00Z Within North Dakota’s lignite coal industry, one leader described Biden’s appointees as “a mixed bag.” Biden has North Dakota energy officials pondering the future 2021-01-23T05:00:00Z The plants use lignite, a highly pollutant brown coal. Greece goes after cleaner transport with tax breaks for electric cars 2020-06-05T04:00:00Z The company also announced it would convert its Spiritwood Station plant near Jamestown from lignite coal to natural gas. Minnesota company to close North Dakota coal-fired plant 2020-05-07T04:00:00Z Yet, the region is planning to add new coal capacity, mostly lignite, which is widely available and cheap, but more polluting than other kinds of coal. Coal-reliant Balkans seeking EU membership urged to weigh carbon tax 2020-03-06T05:00:00Z This entails generous payments to domestic lignite mining and burning regions to aide the structural change and safeguard employment. Sweden's Vattenfall weighs options for Moorburg coal-fired plant in Germany 2020-02-12T05:00:00Z Coal Creek burns lignite coal from North Dakota. North Dakota power plant mulls solutions amid financial woes 2020-02-08T05:00:00Z The state’s five coal mines produced 27.2 million tons of lignite, according to a trade group. Coal production in North Dakota dropped 8% in 2019 2020-02-04T05:00:00Z Some regions, particularly in the less prosperous east, are heavily dependent on mining lignite, or brown coal. Germany agrees timeline, compensation for coal phase-out 2020-01-16T05:00:00Z Germany plans to end its use of lignite, or brown coal, in power plants by 2038. Poland and Germany to be top beneficiaries of 100 billion euro EU climate fund 2020-01-16T05:00:00Z Brown coal, or lignite, is considered the most polluting type of coal, partly because its low heat content means more must be burned. Germany agrees 40 billion euro coal exit deal for states, companies 2020-01-16T05:00:00Z Some areas, particularly in the less prosperous east, are heavily dependent on lignite coal mining. German officials agree on plan to exit coal-fired power 2020-01-15T05:00:00Z Germany is the world’s largest producer of lignite and it fuels about 19% of the country’s electricity capacity. Merkel, state leaders agree terms of brown coal exit: document 2020-01-15T05:00:00Z A lusty Greek peasant shows a British writer how to live and run a lignite mine. Movies on TV this week: Sunday, Dec. 15, 2019 2019-12-13T05:00:00Z The most polluting coal, lignite, is widely available in the region, providing the major and cheapest energy source. Campaigners demand EU action against Western Balkan heavy polluters 2019-12-09T05:00:00Z Germany is the world’s largest producer of brown coal, or lignite, and it fuels about 19% of the country’s electricity capacity. Germany agrees 40 billion euro coal exit deal for states, companies 2020-01-16T05:00:00Z The Turow lignite coal mine in Poland is causing trouble for the environment and local communities - even in Germany and Czech Republic, whose border is just a short walk away. Massive Polish coal mine sparks international dispute 2019-12-06T05:00:00Z The Turow lignite coal mine in Poland is causing trouble for the environment and local communities – even in Germany and Czech Republic, whose border is just a short walk away. Massive Polish coal mine sparks international dispute 2019-12-06T05:00:00Z He couldn’t take it on himself, for he couldn’t stand the winter air in East Berlin, where lignite was used for heating. German novelists on the fall of the Berlin wall: ‘It was a source of energy we lived off for years’ 2019-11-03T04:00:00Z The Cabinet decision came just ahead of state elections in two eastern German regions where lignite coal is mined. Germany to spend up to $44 billion to cushion coal exit 2019-08-28T04:00:00Z The rest was cleared to allow the utility firm RWE to extract the “brown coal” or lignite lying beneath, at a rate of about 40m tonnes a year. Greta Thunberg takes climate fight to Germany’s threatened Hambach Forest 2019-08-10T04:00:00Z More than a third of Germany's electricity is still produced by burning coal - mostly dirty brown lignite - and environmental activists are fighting to change this. The coal mine that ate a forest (and still wants more) 2019-07-11T04:00:00Z “It is absurd if the burning of lignite here continues for another 25 years.” Massive Polish coal mine sparks international dispute 2019-12-06T05:00:00Z Friday’s protest takes place near the site of one of Germany’s biggest lignite coal mines. Thousands expected at climate rally in western Germany 2019-06-21T04:00:00Z RWE produces most of its electricity from brown coal, also called lignite. Factbox: German coal-fired power capacity under review 2019-01-26T05:00:00Z The lignite, along with supplies taken from other mines in the area, is burned in nearby power stations. Greta Thunberg takes climate fight to Germany’s threatened Hambach Forest 2019-08-10T04:00:00Z To add insult to injury, the coal that is extracted here is brown coal, also known as lignite, which emits particularly high levels of carbon dioxide. The coal mine that ate a forest (and still wants more) 2019-07-11T04:00:00Z Most of the lignite is burned in the Turow power plant located just next to the mine. Massive Polish coal mine sparks international dispute 2019-12-06T05:00:00Z It also mines and burns lignite, a particularly cheap and dirty type of coal. AP Explains: How Germany hopes to quit using coal 2019-01-25T05:00:00Z Environmentalists say the timeline for government activities, especially in the energy sector which relies mainly on heavy polluting lignite, is unclear and that improvements are long overdue. Macedonia takes emergency measures as smog engulfs cities 2019-01-21T05:00:00Z Germany still relies heavily on lignite coal, a fossil fuel which produces large amounts of greenhouse gases that heat the atmosphere. Students in Germany, Switzerland protest climate change 2019-01-18T05:00:00Z Germany recently closed its last black coal mines , but continues to extract and burn lignite , a dirtier and cheaper form of coal. Report: Merkel calls summit to discuss Germany’s coal exit 2019-01-05T05:00:00Z The end of those deep-shaft mines is seen as a test for the planned closure of open-cast lignite, or brown coal, mines still operating in Germany. Germany closes last of black coal mines that shaped country 2018-12-20T05:00:00Z Greece is currently the world’s 12th largest producer of lignite — known as brown coal — mining 36 million tons annually, according to U.S. federal government energy data. Sinking Greek village highlights nation’s addiction to coal 2018-12-18T05:00:00Z Greece is currently the world's 12th largest producer of lignite — known as brown coal — mining 36 million tons annually, according to U.S. federal government energy data. Sinking Greek village highlights nation's addiction to coal 2018-12-19T05:00:00Z The bank and the trash company invested in a facility that treats coal by preheating it in a process that dries out several million tons of soggy lignite coal each year, increasing its energy output. Special Report: Wall Street cleans up on 'clean' coal subsidies 2018-12-04T05:00:00Z Armin Laschet, the governor of North Rhine-Westphalia state, told the Funke media group that Germany’s decision to stop mining and burning lignite coal “must be considered seriously and decided with broad consensus.” Coal question looms large as climate talks begin in Poland 2018-12-02T05:00:00Z Laschet says Germany’s decision to stop mining and burning lignite coal “must be considered seriously and decided with broad consensus.” The Latest: German official says coal deadline is premature 2018-12-02T05:00:00Z “But lignite will continue to be a strategic fuel that, in any geopolitical instability, is the only energy-producing fuel that is absolutely controlled by our country,” he said. Sinking Greek village highlights nation’s addiction to coal 2018-12-18T05:00:00Z "But lignite will continue to be a strategic fuel that, in any geopolitical instability, is the only energy-producing fuel that is absolutely controlled by our country," he said. Sinking Greek village highlights nation's addiction to coal 2018-12-19T05:00:00Z “This is really an incentive to operate in a way that’s more environmentally friendly while keeping power costs low,” said Hoeven, whose state sits atop an 800-year supply of lignite coal. Special Report: Wall Street cleans up on 'clean' coal subsidies 2018-12-04T05:00:00Z Nine activists climbed an internal ladder to the top of the conical chimney at the plant, which is fueled by lignite and belongs to PGE. Greenpeace activists climb Poland's biggest power plant in coal... 2018-11-27T05:00:00Z In Germany’s case, lignite, or “brown coal,” is plentiful. Is California going the way of Germany when it comes to energy? 2018-11-22T05:00:00Z As the lignite debate continues, local brewer Peja Beer invested 5 million euros into Kosovo’s first solar park. Kosovo opts for coal plant despite criticism 2018-11-02T04:00:00Z “In general lignite is unpopular. People think it is dirty.” German minister backs plan to cut down forest to build coal mine 2018-10-01T04:00:00Z German riot police started to clear activists this month from treehouses at the site, which was bought by RWE decades ago to expand lignite mining. Mining halt at Germany's Hambach forest would cost RWE up to $5.9... 2018-09-21T04:00:00Z Some carried saplings they planned to plant between the woodland and the adjacent lignite mine operated by German utility company RWE. 4,000 protest coal mine as German police clear forest camp 2018-09-16T04:00:00Z More than one-third of the country’s supply of energy last year came from coal — 23 percent from lignite and 14 percent from black coal. Is California going the way of Germany when it comes to energy? 2018-11-22T05:00:00Z RWE owns the forest and is legally allowed to cut down trees to access the brown coal, or lignite, in the ground during the annual logging season. German police confront treehouse activists after six-year standoff 2018-09-13T04:00:00Z The rule is also agnostic regarding fuel, so states won’t be punished if their coal plants use, say, lignite from Mississippi that burns less efficiently. Not the Climate Apocalypse 2018-08-21T04:00:00Z North Dakota has six coal-fueled electric power plants and a factory that produces synthetic natural gas from low-grade lignite coal. Energy Secretary Perry to tour North Dakota coal facilities 2018-08-09T04:00:00Z The figures include lignite, a type of coal with lower heating value that is largely supplied by Indonesia. China July coal imports highest in years as heatwave fuels demand 2018-08-08T04:00:00Z But with more than 14 billion tonnes of lignite reserves, the dirtiest form of coal, Kosovo relies on two ailing power plants which produce 95 percent of its energy. Coal-reliant Kosovo gears up for wind shift to hit EU target 2018-06-29T04:00:00Z Workers at the Public Power Corporation, protesting the prospective sale of lignite plants, dumped sacks of lignite on the steps near parliament. Thousands protest austerity reforms in Athens 2018-04-25T04:00:00Z He estimates 400 million tons of lignite will remain in the ground after mining operations cease. Ancient Forest Home of Squatter Communities Is Doomed by Coal 2018-04-13T04:00:00Z The state’s lignite mines in west-central North Dakota produce close to 30 million tons of fuel annually. Energy Secretary Perry to tour North Dakota coal facilities 2018-08-09T04:00:00Z In the Babiya Hills of Kutch, lignite mines have dumped waste rock on key localities for early whale fossils. India’s paleontologists fight destruction of its fossil riches 2018-04-04T04:00:00Z And in the first of Smil's personal energy transitions, heat came not from wood, but from coal—hard black anthracite from Kladno or dirty brown lignite from North Bohemia. Meet Vaclav Smil, the man who has quietly shaped how the world thinks about energy 2018-03-21T04:00:00Z Recent study by the Health and Environment Alliance found 16 aging, communist-era lignite plants in the former Yugoslavia emit as much pollution as all of the European Union’s 296 power plants combined. Kosovo's pollution draws protesters as city bans cars from town center 2018-01-31T05:00:00Z Though it’s possible to quantify the degree to which Hambach shrinks each year as the lignite mine expands, there’s another, less tangible loss: the ecological data from such an old and uncommon ecosystem. Ancient Forest Home of Squatter Communities Is Doomed by Coal 2018-04-13T04:00:00Z The Lignite Energy Council says the state’s five large lignite mines in west-central North Dakota produced 29.1 million tons of the coal in 2017. North Dakota lignite production increases in 2017 2018-01-10T05:00:00Z The state-owned company divested its polluting lignite power plants and mines in eastern Germany last year, and said it wanted to focus its investments on renewable power. Vattenfall aims to be carbon neutral before 2050: CEO 2017-12-23T05:00:00Z The coal, a light brown variety called lignite, is considered one of the most polluting forms of fossil fuel. German court: Ancient forest can be cleared for coal mine 2017-11-24T05:00:00Z Recent study by the Health and Environment Alliance found 16 aging, communist-era lignite plants in the former Yugoslavia emit as much pollution as all of the European Union’s 296 power plants combined. Kosovo's pollution draws protesters as city bans cars from town center 2018-01-31T05:00:00Z “The real problem is how to balance declining hard coal and lignite supplies in Poland with demand in the long term,” he said. Poland turns to fossil fuel soulmate Trump as coal output flags 2017-11-15T05:00:00Z But brown coal, also known as lignite, is another story. In shadow of Germany’s climate conference, a village disappears to make way for coal 2017-11-11T05:00:00Z The state-owned company divested its polluting lignite power plants and mines in eastern Germany last year, and said it wanted to focus its investments on renewable power. Vattenfall aims to be carbon neutral before 2050: CEO 2017-12-23T05:00:00Z Coal, especially lignite, which vies with Canadian tar sands for the title of the world’s dirtiest fuel, still supplies 40% of Germany’s electricity. Who’s the world’s leading eco-vandal? It’s Angela Merkel | George Monbiot 2017-09-19T04:00:00Z The country also still extracts soft brown coal called lignite from hundreds of open-pit mines across the country. Germany's Transition from Coal to Renewables Offers Lessons for the World 2017-09-05T04:00:00Z “The real problem is how to balance declining hard coal and lignite supplies in Poland with demand in the long term,” he said. Poland turns to fossil fuel soulmate Trump as coal output flags 2017-11-15T05:00:00Z Similar technology, using lignite, is working successfully at the Great Plains Synfuels Plant in North Dakota. Opinion | Abandon clean coal, or keep trying? 2017-07-14T04:00:00Z Now, the Lignite Research Council is funding research to find the value in lignite coal after 60-million-year-old volcanic eruptions and associated ash led to a concentration of elements in North Dakota. North Dakota companies research rare earth elements supply 2017-07-05T04:00:00Z The subsidiary of Atlanta-based Southern Co. says it still can’t reliably run parts of the plant, including units that convert lignite coal into gas. Another month’s Kemper delay adds $38M to power plant’s cost 2017-05-01T04:00:00Z However, with the federal elections coming up in September, the phaseout of lignite is on the political agenda. Germany's Transition from Coal to Renewables Offers Lessons for the World 2017-09-05T04:00:00Z A nearby coal-fired power plant will continue operating for another eight to 10 years using lignite from other mines. Owner nixes coal mine expansion over German climate plans 2017-03-31T04:00:00Z Coal - mainly domestic lignite - accounts for more than half of energy consumption in Serbia, Kosovo, Macedonia and Montenegro. Balkan push for new coal-fired plants raises environmental concerns 2017-01-23T05:00:00Z To reach that milestone, though, the company must synchronize the two units that gasify lignite coal. Latest delay pushes Kemper power plant price over $7 billion 2017-01-06T05:00:00Z Unlike the highly experimental lignite gasification, natural gas plants are proven technology, clean technology and cheap technology, relatively speaking. Mississippi editorial roundup 2016-11-30T05:00:00Z “There’s no officially approved ‘just transition plan’ for the three remaining lignite regions in Germany,” cautions Groll. Germany's Transition from Coal to Renewables Offers Lessons for the World 2017-09-05T04:00:00Z Mercer County is already home to four power plants, two lignite coal mines and the synfuels plant. Mercer County economy boosted by urea plant 2016-11-20T05:00:00Z But as local officials point out, the lignite industry employs thousands in this region and together with hard coal accounts for more than 40 percent of Germany’s power production. Current energy system could eat up entire carbon budget 2016-11-18T05:00:00Z The Lignite Vision 21 Program, which was created to help fund new lignite energy facilities, caps its projects at $10 million. North Dakota coal industry prepares for carbon-free future 2016-10-23T04:00:00Z Great Northern vice president Rich Voss says the company continues to look at all of its options for using lignite. Company gets extension to study North Dakota lignite 2016-10-19T04:00:00Z Some see the shutdown of lignite mining as an opportunity to correct some of the wrongs that were committed during the transition from hard coal. Germany's Transition from Coal to Renewables Offers Lessons for the World 2017-09-05T04:00:00Z "Poland is a country rich in energy sources and its energy security, based on its own resources, that is hard coal and lignite is the foundation of Poland's economy and sustainable development." Exclusive: Poland will only agree EU approval of Paris climate deal on its terms - minister 2016-09-26T04:00:00Z On the other side of the border, he says, Poland is planning to open new lignite mines, meaning Germany could end up importing electricity generated from Polish coal if it shuts down its own mines. Current energy system could eat up entire carbon budget 2016-11-18T05:00:00Z The tax was intended to deliver a decisive blow against lignite or brown coal, the dirtiest fuel around and Germany’s main source of electricity. The Challenge of Cutting Coal Dependence 2016-08-30T04:00:00Z The assets include four active mines and one former open-cast lignite mine in the eastern German states of Brandenburg and Saxony. Vattenfall gets EU green light to sell German coal assets 2016-09-22T04:00:00Z “Instead we need a well structured fade-out plan for lignite with clear economic and social measures.” Germany's Transition from Coal to Renewables Offers Lessons for the World 2017-09-05T04:00:00Z They were golden years of purpose and middle-class prosperity for these lignite pioneers. Employees prepare to close coal-fired power plant in Stanton 2016-08-14T04:00:00Z The new Czech owners are considering expanding the mines, saying Germany’s decision to phase out nuclear power means the demand for lignite power “will remain stable.” Current energy system could eat up entire carbon budget 2016-11-18T05:00:00Z And so Germany continues to rely on dirty lignite and only slightly less dirty hard coal. It’s not easy being green 2016-08-11T04:00:00Z The plant, which broke ground in 2010, would run on lignite, a type of coal that is difficult to process but is plentiful in the region. A Model for ‘Clean Coal’ Runs Off the Tracks 2016-07-05T04:00:00Z The Lignite Energy Council says elementary and secondary teachers from the Dakotas, Minnesota and Montana are attending a seminar next week in Bismarck on how lignite is mined and used to produce energy. Teachers from 4 states to learn about North Dakota coal 2016-06-12T04:00:00Z The plant was among the first to run on lignite coal and Leer remembers continual problems with ash slagging, turbine issues and design faults that had to be constantly corrected and modified. Employees prepare to close coal-fired power plant in Stanton 2016-08-14T04:00:00Z It is the number one producer of natural gas and lignite coal in the US. Satellite eye on Earth: May 2016 – in pictures 2016-06-09T04:00:00Z The plant and associated lignite coal mine were originally supposed to cost $2.9 billion at most, and the earliest estimates were even lower. Mississippi Power: SEC investigating Kemper project 2016-05-05T04:00:00Z Vattenfall in October 2014 announced it would divest its German lignite operations as part of its strategy to cut carbon emission and boost renewable sources of energy. Vattenfall Selloff Sparking Fears of Huge Bill for German Public 2016-03-29T04:00:00Z That gas, extracted from ground-up lignite coal at intense heat and pressure, is supposed to power the plant. Mississippi Power records another $142M in Kemper overruns 2016-02-02T05:00:00Z Most of the lignite mined last year was used to create electricity. North Dakota lignite flat in 2015; below long-term average 2016-01-14T05:00:00Z Germany got 44 percent of its electricity from coal last year—about 26 percent from lignite, or brown coal. Historic New Climate Deal: Surprises, Snubs, and What it Really Means 2015-12-12T05:00:00Z Agriculture, along with North Dakota’s seven coal-fired power plants and lignite mines also are big users of diesel. MDU Resources Group delays plan for diesel refinery in Minot 2015-11-20T05:00:00Z Sweden wants to sell In 2014, when Sweden’s new left-of-center governing coalition decided to force Vattenfall to sell its German lignite operations, environmentalists applauded the decision as a potential victory. Can Greenpeace Own Coal? 2015-10-21T04:00:00Z "However, there is no account mentioned to matters such as the size of pallets how the pallet and load base varied or how the lignite pallets are to be stacked," the prosecution lawyer said. Hayes Fuels death: Firm admits breaching health and safety legislation - BBC News 2015-09-25T04:00:00Z And a tonne of high-quality anthracite coal releases much more carbon when burnt than a tonne of low-grade lignite. Exclusive: Chinese coal data cast doubt on historic stalling of world CO2 2015-09-15T04:00:00Z The commission rejected Blanton’s argument that Mississippi Power needs a new certificate to run the Kemper turbines on natural gas because it previously planned to burn gasified lignite. Kemper power plant overruns climb another $25 million 2015-09-01T04:00:00Z Germany’s energy ministry in December proposed closing the gap by imposing penalties on the oldest lignite coal-fired power plants that are the prime emitters. Nuclear Plant Closing Reflects Overhaul of German Energy Production 2015-07-12T04:00:00Z Industry observers say lignite is still a profit-making business, so long as the power stations are placed close to the mines. Can Greenpeace Own Coal? 2015-10-21T04:00:00Z Some say it may be time to reevaluate North Dakota’s lignite research fund, which was established to boost the use of the coal as an energy source and economic engine for the state. North Dakota lignite projects languish, some question worth 2015-07-12T04:00:00Z LIGNITE-TEACHERS - Teachers from four states are headed to North Dakota coal country, to attend a seminar on how the coal known as lignite is mined and used to produce energy in the region. AP-ND—North Dakota News Coverage Advisory 8:30 am, ND 2015-06-11T04:00:00Z The plant and associated lignite mine were originally supposed to cost about $2.8 billion. Mississippi Power notes new Kemper overrun amid uncertainty 2015-03-03T05:00:00Z More than 2 million consumers and businesses in the Upper Midwest use the electricity generated from lignite. North Dakota coal production increases 4 percent in 2014 2015-02-26T05:00:00Z Several companies with ongoing lignite operations are said to be interested. Can Greenpeace Own Coal? 2015-10-21T04:00:00Z Others blame the lack of progress on lignite projects on uncertain coal legislation. North Dakota lignite projects languish, some question worth 2015-07-12T04:00:00Z Imbat’s was a larger mine in a region known for its linyit, or lignite, a soft coal burned in thermal power plants nearby, like the one that stood just outside Soma. The Mine Disaster That Shook Turkey 2014-11-26T05:00:00Z That didn’t count additional hundreds of millions for costs of a lignite mine and pipelines. Mississippi Power notes new Kemper overrun amid uncertainty 2015-03-03T05:00:00Z The Great Plains Synfuels Plant supplies synthetic natural gas made from lignite to 400,000 homes and businesses in the eastern United States, according to the council. North Dakota coal production increases 4 percent in 2014 2015-02-26T05:00:00Z For the Lignite Energy Council, Jones spends much of his time traveling to other lignite coal-powered countries and other states with lignite resources learning about the latest technologies. Bismarck man becomes national coal power adviser 2014-11-16T05:00:00Z North Dakota’s lignite mines produce about 30 million tons of coal annually. North Dakota lignite projects languish, some question worth 2015-07-12T04:00:00Z It's a vast lake of around 20 sq km - one of the largest in Saxony and made by flooding a redundant lignite mine. Germany looks east for new customers 2014-11-05T05:00:00Z The German government, however, paid for cleanup and rehabilitation of open-pit lignite mines. How East Germany Cleaned Up Dirty Power 2014-11-03T05:00:00Z Energy Secretary Ernest Moniz says he appointed Jones to represent the views of groups “that advance the economic, efficient and environmentally clean uses of lignite coal.” ND man to advise federal officials on coal power 2014-11-02T04:00:00Z In the past 15 to 20 years, the lignite industry has cut 90 percent of its pollutants, such as mercury and nitrogen oxides. Bismarck man becomes national coal power adviser 2014-11-16T05:00:00Z The fuel is burned in nearby electric power stations and the Great Plains Synfuels factory near Beulah, which converts lignite into synthetic gas. North Dakota lignite projects languish, some question worth 2015-07-12T04:00:00Z Specifically in this state, lignite coal, has been silently powering North Dakota and much of the Midwest literally for generations. Excerpts from recent North Dakota editorials 2014-09-18T04:00:00Z Energy companies still mine roughly 80 million tons of lignite in the east. How East Germany Cleaned Up Dirty Power 2014-11-03T05:00:00Z Both coal and lignite, which is decried as a dirty fuel by environmentalists, play a significant part in the energy mix of both Germany and Poland. Protesters against brown coal form human chain 2014-08-23T04:00:00Z The dry fining process used by Great River Energy, which dries lignite before burning it, has cut CO2 emissions significantly by allowing coal plants to produce more energy with less coal. Bismarck man becomes national coal power adviser 2014-11-16T05:00:00Z North Dakota’s vast lignite reserves are second only to Australia’s. North Dakota lignite projects languish, some question worth 2015-07-12T04:00:00Z “This further illustrates the importance of the Kemper County energy facility, which will use locally mined, low-cost lignite, in maintaining a diverse fuel mix for our customers.” Did This Smart Business Deal Just End The South's Overdependence On Coal? 2014-08-18T04:00:00Z It has enough piping to stretch across much of the state, constructed conveyer belts as tall as buildings and an operating coal mine, where massive trucks ferry unearthed lignite coal to a storage dome. Can 1 Power Plant Clean Up Coal and Make Money? 2014-07-23T04:00:00Z Below him lay a new lignite coal mine, new storage facilities and a glimmering maze of steel. Intended showcase of clean-coal future hits snags According to the Lignite Energy Council, more than 27 million tons of lignite are produced in North Dakota annually, generating electricity for 2 million people in the region. Bismarck man becomes national coal power adviser 2014-11-16T05:00:00Z The Lignite Vision 21 Project is aimed at identifying better technologies for mining lignite, generating electricity from it and transmitting the power; and ensuring that the industry doesn’t harm the environment. North Dakota lignite projects languish, some question worth 2015-07-12T04:00:00Z This in turn meant frantic investment in German coal and lignite – 10 new plants are said to be opening – and a surge in Polish coal output. Renewable energy won't rid us of the horrors of coal 2014-05-15T04:00:00Z EPA's plans to regulate carbon dioxide from new power plants and at the center of global emissions, considering that "low-rank" coals like Mississippi lignite constitute half the world's coal supply. Can 1 Power Plant Clean Up Coal and Make Money? 2014-07-23T04:00:00Z That plant, which will turn the low-grade coal lignite into burnable gases, is designed to capture 3.5 million tonnes of CO2 each year, or about two-thirds of what it will produce. Clean Coal to Be Put to Test at 2 Plants This Year 2014-04-30T20:35:00Z Jones first experience with lignite coal and the U.S. Bismarck man becomes national coal power adviser 2014-11-16T05:00:00Z The research money is financed by a share of North Dakota’s severance tax on lignite mining. North Dakota lignite projects languish, some question worth 2015-07-12T04:00:00Z That plant, which will turn the low-grade coal lignite into burnable gases, is designed to capture 3.5 million tonnes of CO each year, or about two-thirds of what it will produce. Two plants to put ‘clean coal’ to test 2014-04-30T17:20:29.222Z In addition, Mississippi is sitting on mounds of cheap lignite coal that will allow Southern to operate a mine on-site and hold fuel prices low over time. Can 1 Power Plant Clean Up Coal and Make Money? 2014-07-23T04:00:00Z David Shukman visited a lignite coal mine south of Berlin to see the scale of the operation. VIDEO: Inside Germany's coal-mining operation 2014-04-11T16:14:49Z Energy Secretary Ernest Moniz said in a statement he appointed Jones to “represent the viewpoints of associations that advance the economic, efficient and environmentally clean uses of lignite coal and products derived from lignite coal.” Bismarck man becomes national coal power adviser 2014-11-16T05:00:00Z North Dakota’s Industrial Commission oversees the lignite research fund. North Dakota lignite projects languish, some question worth 2015-07-12T04:00:00Z The lignite, also known as brown coal, is one of the dirtiest, most polluting kinds of fuel, but it helps generate no less than 26% of Germany's electricity. Germany's green dreams meet harsh reality 2014-04-11T16:01:47Z But despite government inaction, there are some reasons to believe the growing use of lignite may not last. German coal underpins renewable push 2014-04-09T23:09:59Z An adverse effect of Germany’s energy transformation has been an increased use of brown coal, or lignite, one of the cheapest and dirtiest sources of energy. German Energy Official Sounds a Warning 2014-01-21T20:58:54Z It’s using a standard capture process, which is common in gasification , and it's a lignite gasification plant. The Science of U.S. Energy: A Q&A with Secretary Ernest J. Moniz 2013-12-13T18:45:05.672Z Rich Voss, a company vice president, said the Great Northern is looking at all of its options for using lignite but it will depend on “technology, markets and politics.” North Dakota lignite projects languish, some question worth 2015-07-12T04:00:00Z Germany is in the bizarre position of being the world's largest producer of solar power - and of lignite. Germany's green dreams meet harsh reality 2014-04-11T16:01:47Z And not just any old coal, but lignite, the dirtiest form of this ancient fossil fuel that is mined in vast opencast pits. German coal underpins renewable push 2014-04-09T23:09:59Z Poland, one of the heaviest polluters in Europe and looking to use more lignite coal to secure its energy supplies, is expected to resist setting any new commitments before 2015. EU Close to Meeting 2020 Emissions Goal Already 2013-10-10T19:45:57.177Z They mine the lignite right there and just put it in. The Science of U.S. Energy: A Q&A with Secretary Ernest J. Moniz 2013-12-13T18:45:05.672Z Poland relies on coal to produce more than 90 percent of its electricity and is home to the European installation that emits the most carbon dioxide - utility PGE's lignite power plant in Belchatow. Poland to Lower Emissions with Technology, Not Coal Cuts 2013-09-12T14:18:32.097Z In addition to the lignite already earmarked for extraction, they say there are another 1.6 billion tonnes approved for future mining in this area alone and demand remains high. Germany's green dreams meet harsh reality 2014-04-11T16:01:47Z Until the carbon price rises, then, lignite is set to remain at the heart of German energy production. German coal underpins renewable push 2014-04-09T23:09:59Z Potential shale investors including Exxon Mobil, Marathon Oil and Talisman Energy quit Poland, which then set its sights on boosting lignite production. Poland to Get Dirtier as It Leans toward Lignite Coal 2013-07-31T15:45:07.713Z Currently, it is considering financing a new coal power plant in Kosovo that would burn lignite coal – the dirtiest and most toxic form of coal available. Can Jim Yong Kim end World Bank backing for coal-fired power? 2013-07-17T12:30:00Z We will develop renewable sources of energy, but coal, lignite coal and also shale gas are key. Poland to Lower Emissions with Technology, Not Coal Cuts 2013-09-12T14:18:32.097Z First, one of the largest moveable machines on the planet - a staggering 500m long - eats away at the layers of sand and silt to reveal the lignite. Germany's green dreams meet harsh reality 2014-04-11T16:01:47Z "It is idiotic. We don't need more and more lignite because we are using more renewable energy," she says. German coal underpins renewable push 2014-04-09T23:09:59Z Poland already relies on coal to produce more than 90 percent of its electricity and is home to the European installation that emits the most carbon dioxide - utility PGE's lignite power plant in Belchatow. Poland to Get Dirtier as It Leans toward Lignite Coal 2013-07-31T15:45:07.713Z To curb their costs, these corporations have turned to the cheapest possible electricity sources - including brown coal or lignite, which is one of the most carbon-intensive fuels. German 'energy bender' in trouble? 2013-07-10T01:11:53Z To curb their costs, these corporations have turned to the cheapest possible electricity sources - including brown coal or lignite, which is one of the most carbon intensive fuels. German 'energy bender' in trouble? 2013-07-10T01:11:53Z KGHM, whose copper reserves in Poland may last another 30 to 40 years, may also be interested in developing lignite reserves in the southwest of the country, possibly with the country's top power group PGE. UPDATE 1-KGHM may sell Tauron stake if new mining projects appear 2013-05-28T14:18:31Z Two new lignite plants were opened in 2012, with a further two in the pipeline. German coal underpins renewable push 2014-04-09T23:09:59Z The government and utilities, encouraged by firm popular support, are looking to domestic lignite reserves as a cheap way to fuel that new capacity and reduce imports of Russian gas. Poland to Get Dirtier as It Leans toward Lignite Coal 2013-07-31T15:45:07.713Z China imported about 54 million tons of lignite in 2012, a low-grade coal with calorific value lower than 4,500 kcal/kg, most of which were from Indonesia. China Plans Tougher Quality Standards for Coal to Tackle Pollution 2013-05-23T13:45:00.233Z Kosovo's domestic supplies of lignite are ample enough to free the country from imported fuel. World Bank rethinks stance on large-scale hydropower projects 2013-05-14T13:13:35Z State-of-the-art coal-powered plants, such as a new 2.2-GW facility near Cologne that burns lignite, or low-grade coal, will replace several older, less efficient plants. Renewable power: Germany’s energy gamble 2013-04-10T17:20:31.080Z Enormous machines slowly eat away at the earth and shower soft lignite onto a conveyor belt that feeds directly into a nearby power plant. Europe consuming more coal 2013-02-08T02:12:00Z The role of lignite in Poland's energy mix will be defined in its new energy policy to 2050, to be published by the end of this year. Poland to Get Dirtier as It Leans toward Lignite Coal 2013-07-31T15:45:07.713Z Equipment to convert lignite from an adjacent mine into synthesis gas will begin testing in December. Southern Co's coal-gasification plant cost may reach $3.8 billion 2013-01-31T16:53:18Z Nearly 40 years ago, when the boom of the moment was lignite coal, not oil, Link gave a speech at an annual meeting of the North Dakota Rural Electric Association. North Dakota Went Boom 2013-01-31T12:00:12Z Currently, it is paving the way for approving financing for a 600-megawatt coal plant in Kosovo using lignite, the dirtiest form of coal. Global Effort to Reduce Greenhouse Gas Emissions Required to Fight Poverty 2012-11-19T16:45:00.550Z In Germany, which by some measures is pursuing the most wide-ranging green goals of any major industrialized country, a 2011 decision to shutter nuclear power plants means that domestically produced lignite, also known as . Europe consuming more coal 2013-02-08T02:12:00Z "It is counterproductive to promote electric vehicles in regions where electricity is primarily produced from lignite, coal or even heavy oil combustion." Electric cars 'pose green threat' 2012-10-04T23:03:12Z It burns lignite coal, the cleanest of all coal, of which Germany has plenty. Germany -- Insane Or Just Plain Stupid? 2012-08-31T20:19:21Z "I think it makes sense to replace old polluting lignite coal-fired power plants with modern efficient coal and gas power plants," he said. German coal power revival poses new threat 2012-08-08T23:00:41Z The modern town is best known for its lignite coal-mines, from which Constantinople receives a good part of its supply. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 13, Slice 3 "Helmont, Jean" to "Hernosand" 2012-04-14T02:00:23.707Z A yellowish translucent resin resembling copal, found as a fossil in alluvial soils, with beds of lignite, or on the seashore in many places. Webster's Unabridged Dictionary 2012-03-24T02:00:23.513Z This done, they found that they had a lignite instead of a coal mine. The Gold Diggings of Cape Horn A Study of Life in Tierra del Fuego and Patagonia 2012-03-13T02:00:27.187Z Agate, carnelian, jasper, lead, copper, gold, silver, terra-cotta, mica, pearl, lignite, coal, bone, shells, chalcedony, wampumpeag, etc. Money: Speech of Hon. John P. Jones, of Nevada, On the Free Coinage of Silver; in the United States Senate, May 12 and 13, 1890 2012-02-29T03:00:21.727Z The mineral resources include argentiferous lead, copper, iron and cobalt, with salt, lignite, limestone, millstone, gypsum, granite and slate. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 13, Slice 8 "Hudson River" to "Hurstmonceaux" 2012-02-24T03:00:27.173Z There are mines of lignite, coal in the vicinity of Graissessac, iron, calamine and copper, and quarries of building-stone, limestone, gypsum, &c.; the marshes supply salt. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 13, Slice 3 "Helmont, Jean" to "Hernosand" 2012-04-14T02:00:23.707Z Small quantities of iron, lignite, asphalt and bay salt are the only minerals of commercial importance. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 7, Slice 9 "Dagupan" to "David" 2012-02-11T03:03:39.807Z They found several croppings of lignite, which at first were thought to be good coal, and that made a stir. The Gold Diggings of Cape Horn A Study of Life in Tierra del Fuego and Patagonia 2012-03-13T02:00:27.187Z A fine quality of white marble is found on Lynn Channel; coal, amber and lignite on Aleutian Islands, the best coal being on Cook's Inlet. Alden's Handy Atlas of the World 2012-01-02T03:00:16.440Z Consequently, lignite and peat generators must operate on the pressure principle by utilizing a blast of air or a steam injector, depending upon the amount of water contained in the lignite. Gas-Engines and Producer-Gas Plants A Practice Treatise Setting Forth the Principles of Gas-Engines and Producer Design, the Selection and Installation of an Engine, Conditions of Perfect Operation, Producer-Gas Engines and Their Possibilities, the Care of Gas-Engines and Producer-Gas Plants, with a Chapter on Volatile Hydrocarbon and Oil Engines 2011-12-28T03:00:31.087Z Then follows a series of sandstones, clays and limestones with occasional seams of lignite, evidently of shallow-water origin. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 12, Slice 7 "Gyantse" to "Hallel" 2011-12-26T03:00:11.613Z The chief mineral products are iron, lignite, lead, copper, zinc and cement. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 12, Slice 6 "Groups, Theory of" to "Gwyniad" 2011-12-16T03:00:12.320Z In the foothills of Livingston stone coal has been found of the lignite variety and said to make good combustible. Guatemala, the country of the future 2011-12-12T03:00:29.630Z The bank’s energy lending policy, adopted in 2007 to prioritize climate action and energy security, ensures a “selective approach” to coal and lignite plants, Willis said. Europe’s Climate Action Criticized Over EIB Fossil-Fuel Loans 2011-12-08T17:59:49Z As a general rule a Root blower operating at a pressure of 8 to 27 inches of water, depending upon the quality of the lignite, is employed. Gas-Engines and Producer-Gas Plants A Practice Treatise Setting Forth the Principles of Gas-Engines and Producer Design, the Selection and Installation of an Engine, Conditions of Perfect Operation, Producer-Gas Engines and Their Possibilities, the Care of Gas-Engines and Producer-Gas Plants, with a Chapter on Volatile Hydrocarbon and Oil Engines 2011-12-28T03:00:31.087Z They lie, however, chiefly along the coast and in the valleys, and consist of marls, conglomerates and sands, sometimes with seams of lignite. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 12, Slice 4 "Grasshopper" to "Greek Language" 2011-11-28T03:00:19.517Z There are beds of lignite of varying quality, and when enthusiastic finders are told of the poor quality of their samples, they reply at once, “It will be better at depth.” The Inhabitants of the Philippines 2011-11-23T03:00:21.653Z The minerals include quartz and gold, silver and galenas, copper, coal and lignite, manganese, asbestos, graphite, kaolin, opals, slate, alum, marble, silver, mica, iron, sulphur, lead. Guatemala, the country of the future 2011-12-12T03:00:29.630Z Under its bailout, Athens needs to lift state-controlled PPC's de-facto monopoly on the production of lignite coal, the backbone of the country's power production, and to try to sell the state's stake in the generator. Greek PM heads for Brussels to try to secure cash 2011-11-20T15:20:10Z There are many kinds of lignite, and the gas-generator should be constructed to meet the peculiar requirements of the variety employed. Gas-Engines and Producer-Gas Plants A Practice Treatise Setting Forth the Principles of Gas-Engines and Producer Design, the Selection and Installation of an Engine, Conditions of Perfect Operation, Producer-Gas Engines and Their Possibilities, the Care of Gas-Engines and Producer-Gas Plants, with a Chapter on Volatile Hydrocarbon and Oil Engines 2011-12-28T03:00:31.087Z Accidental fires in mines of coal or lignite sometimes lead to consequences not only destructive to large quantities of valuable material, but may, directly or indirectly, produce results important in geography. Man and Nature or, Physical Geography as Modified by Human Action 2011-11-11T03:00:34.027Z The Philippine formations seem to greatly resemble those of Borneo, and there it was found that the lignite got poorer at depth, so that mines were abandoned from this cause alone. The Inhabitants of the Philippines 2011-11-23T03:00:21.653Z At the mouth of the Tcharo-bets, near the latter village, coal and lignite of inferior quality are found; but this coalfield was not worked at the time I passed through Shiranuka. Alone with the Hairy Ainu or, 3,800 miles on a pack saddle in Yezo and a cruise to the Kurile Islands. 2011-10-30T02:00:10.270Z That of lignite is added, the provinces of Saxony and Brandenburg being rich in this product:— Production of Coal and Lignite. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 11, Slice 7 "Geoponici" to "Germany" 2011-09-26T02:00:25.313Z If the lignite contains much water, the greater part is retained in the washer by the gas in the form of drops. Gas-Engines and Producer-Gas Plants A Practice Treatise Setting Forth the Principles of Gas-Engines and Producer Design, the Selection and Installation of an Engine, Conditions of Perfect Operation, Producer-Gas Engines and Their Possibilities, the Care of Gas-Engines and Producer-Gas Plants, with a Chapter on Volatile Hydrocarbon and Oil Engines 2011-12-28T03:00:31.087Z The amber is found very often to occur with lignite or brown coal. Tobacco Leaves Being a Book of Facts for Smokers 2011-09-12T02:00:31.107Z The Philippine beds of lignite have been violently upheaved by the cataclysms of former ages, and are often turned up vertically, as at the mines of Sugud in Albay. The Inhabitants of the Philippines 2011-11-23T03:00:21.653Z Vegetable matter in this form is known as lignite, and is one of the first stages towards the formation of coal out of plant remains. Sea-Weeds, Shells and Fossils 2011-08-20T02:00:11.557Z The technology for capturing and storing carbon emitted by hard-coal and lignite plants is still not commercially proven. German energy: Shock to the system 2011-08-18T08:47:44Z This depends upon the proportion of water contained in the lignite and on losses of heat by radiation from the generator. Gas-Engines and Producer-Gas Plants A Practice Treatise Setting Forth the Principles of Gas-Engines and Producer Design, the Selection and Installation of an Engine, Conditions of Perfect Operation, Producer-Gas Engines and Their Possibilities, the Care of Gas-Engines and Producer-Gas Plants, with a Chapter on Volatile Hydrocarbon and Oil Engines 2011-12-28T03:00:31.087Z Here and there we found pieces of lignite coal, and as we neared Svartevoeg the carboniferous formation became more evident. My Attainment of the Pole 2011-08-05T02:00:54.720Z The lignite could be used on land, but there is little demand for it, except for navigation. The Inhabitants of the Philippines 2011-11-23T03:00:21.653Z Below this lignite band we find our leaf-bed getting sandier and sandier, and losing all trace of the plants by degrees till it becomes almost pure sand. Sea-Weeds, Shells and Fossils 2011-08-20T02:00:11.557Z Prolonged use of coal and lignite plants, without carbon capture, will drive up the price of carbon-emission certificates and hence the cost of electricity, not only for Germany but across the European carbon-trading area. German energy: Shock to the system 2011-08-18T08:47:44Z But at the suspected land surface they found pollen from terrestrial plants and lignite from rotted vegetation. Lost landscape found off Scotland 2011-07-14T12:33:29Z I found fossil-stumps of large trees and bits of lignite coal. My Attainment of the Pole 2011-08-05T02:00:54.720Z Nobody ever made any money out of Philippine lignite that I know of, but I don’t prophesy whether anybody ever will. The Inhabitants of the Philippines 2011-11-23T03:00:21.653Z “It doesn’t matter if it’s a small company or not, as long as they have the approval and access from local government to explore lignite coal,” Yu said. China Reverse Merger Pits Morgan Stanley Against Hedge Funds 2011-06-22T00:04:42Z The development of French coal and lignite mining in the 19th century, together with records of prices, which rose considerably at the end of the period, is set forth in the table below: Years. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 10, Slice 7 "Fox, George" to "France" 2011-05-15T02:00:07.897Z Her vast fields of lignite coal underlain with valuable clays have been withdrawn from homestead entry, and hereafter only surface rights in these lands will be granted. Proceedings of the Second National Conservation Congress at Saint Paul, September 5-8, 1910 2011-05-07T02:00:26.100Z From the carbon accumulated in this manner, under certain conditions, deposits of peat, lignite, coal, graphite, etc., have resulted. North America 2011-05-05T02:00:20.027Z There are known to be some beds of lignite. The Inhabitants of the Philippines 2011-11-23T03:00:21.653Z In modern times iron and other materials have, to a considerable extent, replaced timber, while coal, lignite, and peat compete with firewood; nevertheless wood is still indispensable, and likely to remain so. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 10, Slice 6 "Foraminifera" to "Fox, Edward" 2011-04-22T02:00:08.637Z Other minerals that have been discovered but have not been industrially developed are gypsum, lignite and cement rock. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 10, Slice 5 "Fleury, Claude" to "Foraker" 2011-04-03T02:00:20.883Z Euboea at the present time produces a large amount of grain, and its mineral wealth is also considerable, great quantities of magnesia and lignite being exported. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 9, Slice 8 "Ethiopia" to "Evangelical Association" 2011-03-05T03:00:24.537Z Mineral Resources.—Alberta has enormous coal and lignite areas. Canada West 2011-03-03T03:00:58.087Z There are considerable beds of lignite near Compostela, and various efforts have been made to work them, so far, I fear, without much success. The Inhabitants of the Philippines 2011-11-23T03:00:21.653Z A second formation of variable thickness is sandy, very ferruginous, abounding in iron ores and lignites, and passing above into a calcareous rock. The Thistle and the Cedar of Lebanon 2011-02-20T03:00:13.767Z Some of the most valuable peat closely resembles lignite, and makes a good fuel. Geology 2011-02-20T03:00:12.660Z Besides coal, lignite is produced in great amount in Germany and Austria-Hungary, and to a small amount in France, Italy and a few other countries. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 9, Slice 8 "Ethiopia" to "Evangelical Association" 2011-03-05T03:00:24.537Z The H�ring group of northern Tirol contains lignite beds of some importance. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 9, Slice 6 "English Language" to "Epsom Salts" 2011-02-19T03:00:59.807Z Some lignite is found in Mindanao, but I have no confidence in the value of Philippine coal-fields. The Inhabitants of the Philippines 2011-11-23T03:00:21.653Z The coal I have seen in the hills is anthracite, nearly allied to lignite. Two Years in Oregon 2011-02-16T03:00:33.293Z In some kinds it is so far decomposed, or mineralised, that the eye does not detect vegetable fibres; when thoroughly dried, such peat breaks like a good lignite, and forms an excellent fuel. Geology 2011-02-20T03:00:12.660Z This, too, was exclusive of lignite, the production of which in Germany is increasing still more rapidly. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 9, Slice 8 "Ethiopia" to "Evangelical Association" 2011-03-05T03:00:24.537Z The occurrence of lignites in the Eocene of the Paris basin, Tirol and N. America is worthy of consideration in this connexion. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 9, Slice 6 "English Language" to "Epsom Salts" 2011-02-19T03:00:59.807Z It is situated in the centre of an extensive and well-worked lignite deposit and manufactures glass, porcelain and earthenware. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 8, Slice 8 "Dubner" to "Dyeing" 2010-12-26T03:00:17.840Z In the vicinity of the towns are extensive lignite mines. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 3, Slice 7 "Bible" to "Bisectrix" 2010-12-20T17:12:05.780Z The highlight of the park is a fenced-off area of about an acre littered with rocks, the remnants of ancient trees known as lignite and, to the discerning eye, dinosaur bones. Laurel area rich in dinosaur fossils is dedicated as a park 2009-10-27T04:00:00Z The minerals known to exist are—alum, antimony, arsenic, asbestos, boracide, chrome, coal, copper, emery, fuller’s earth, gold, iron, kaolin, lead, lignite, magnetic iron, manganese, meerschaum, mercury, nickel, rock-salt, silver, sulphur and zinc. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 2, Slice 7 "Arundel, Thomas" to "Athens" Fossil wood, which has not reached the stage of hard coal, but forms a soft brown substance, is called lignite. The Geological Story of the Isle of Wight The mineral products comprise lignite, limestone, gypsum, alum and potter’s earth; barley and rye are the usual cereals; fruits and vegetables are abundant; and considerable quantities of hemp, flax, hops and tobacco are raised. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 4, Slice 4 "Bradford, William" to "Brequigny, Louis" The lignite or “Bovey Coal” has at times been burned in the local kilns, and in the engines and workmen’s cottages, but it is not economical. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 4, Slice 3 "Borgia, Lucrezia" to "Bradford, John" First in importance, both in quantity and in value, come lignite and coal. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 4, Slice 2 "Bohemia" to "Borgia, Francis" A layer of peat at the summit has a thin slaty structure, and presents altogether, except in colour and lustre, a striking resemblance to the shaly lignite, forming bed No. 3 in the preceding Section. Narrative of a Second Expedition to the Shores of the Polar Sea The Eocene includes a series of sandstones and marls with lignite, and these are overlaid by nummulite limestones. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 5, Slice 5 "Cat" to "Celt" A name given to an extinct quadruped, supposed to belong to the Pachydermata, the bones of which were first found in lignite and coal of the tertiary strata. Principles of Geology or, The Modern Changes of the Earth and its Inhabitants Considered as Illustrative of Geology In the first place then, let us start from the fact that coal—including carbonaceous shale and lignite—when heated in a closed vessel gives gas, tar, coke, and a watery liquor. Coal and What We Get from It More important than the hills are the narrow and often rather deep river valleys cut below the general level, exposing the soft rocks of the Cretaceous and in many places seams of lignite. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 5, Slice 2 "Camorra" to "Cape Colony" The lignite, when recently detached from the beds, is pretty compact, but soon splits into rhomboidal pieces, which again separate into slates more or less fine. Narrative of a Second Expedition to the Shores of the Polar Sea Californian coal is almost wholly inferior brown lignite, together with a small quantity of bituminous coals of poor quality; the state does not produce a tenth part of the coal it consumes. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 5, Slice 1 "Calhoun" to "Camoens" The conversion, also, of wood into lignite is probably more rapid under enormous pressure. Principles of Geology or, The Modern Changes of the Earth and its Inhabitants Considered as Illustrative of Geology The mineral products of Dr�me include lignite, blende, galena, calamine, freestone, lime, cement, potter’s clay and kaolin. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 8, Slice 7 "Drama" to "Dublin" The department has mines of lignite, and produces freestone, lime, cement, mill-stone, peat, potter’s clay and fireclay. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 8, Slice 6 "Dodwell" to "Drama" The strata are generally horizontal, and as many as four beds of lignite are exposed in some parts, the upper of which are above the level of the highest river-floods of the present day. Narrative of a Second Expedition to the Shores of the Polar Sea In order to conserve crude oil and natural gas, production of coal and lignite has been substantially increased and is scheduled to rise rapidly in the 1971-75 period. Area Handbook for Romania Large quantities of brown coal and lignite are available, but resources of the better fuels are limited. Area Handbook for Bulgaria It is often called lignite, a word that designates its immaturity compared with anthracite. Earth and Sky Every Child Should Know Easy studies of the earth and the stars for any time and place He opines that this lignite is a mere indication of the immense vein of true carbon beneath. The Bramleighs of Bishop's Folly The lignite is generally penetrated by fibrous roots, probably rhizomorpha, which insinuate their ramifications into every crevice. Narrative of a Second Expedition to the Shores of the Polar Sea Known reserves in 1970 were reported to include less than 1 billion tons of bituminous and anthracite coal and 3.5 billion tons of lignite. Area Handbook for Romania Bituminous coal occurs in a larger basin in the central Stara Planina, but brown coals and lignite are much more abundant. Area Handbook for Bulgaria Deeper than peat-beds lie the lignites, which are old beds of peat, on the way to become coal. Earth and Sky Every Child Should Know Easy studies of the earth and the stars for any time and place Recent experiments lead to the conclusion that iron, lead, manganese, lignite and sulphur exist in considerable abundance. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 7, Slice 6 "Coucy-le-Château" to "Crocodile" It is found in beds from six inches to a foot thick, and mostly in contact with the lignite. Narrative of a Second Expedition to the Shores of the Polar Sea Open pit mining is possible in much of the lignite area. Area Handbook for Romania Low-calorie lignite remains the major fuel base for thermoelectric power stations. Area Handbook for Bulgaria But that lignite, as you call it, was so sure low-grade that they jest laughed at me. The Boy With the U.S. Miners No hard coal veins are known, but lignite is plentiful and its deposits are accessible. Area Handbook for Albania Pieces of lignite occur imbedded in it, and it is traversed by fibrous ramifications of carbonaceous matter. Narrative of a Second Expedition to the Shores of the Polar Sea The production of lignite is scheduled to advance more rapidly than that of bituminous and anthracite coal. Area Handbook for Romania The rise in output, however, was confined to lignite production, which grew more than fourfold during the decade. Area Handbook for Bulgaria As for the lignite, even if we could get enough of it here without exposing ourselves, it makes such a lot of smoke that it would help them more than it would us. The Boy With the U.S. Miners In Switzerland two glacial periods are distinctly recognised, between which was a warm period when vegetation was so luxuriant as to form beds of lignite sufficiently thick to be worked for coal. Island Life Or the Phenomena and Causes of Insular Faunas and Floras From this place to the commencement of the lignite formation, already described, the banks of the Mackenzie are high and clayey. Narrative of a Second Expedition to the Shores of the Polar Sea Deposits of lignite, gold, and several other minerals occur in concentrations having sufficient value to be mined. Area Handbook for Romania The total includes every variety from typical lignite to typical anthracite. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 6, Slice 6 "Cockaigne" to "Columbus, Christopher" Under the snow was a thin layer of soil, and, below that, not more than two inches beneath the surface, was the brown-black gleam of a low-grade lignite. The Boy With the U.S. Miners In Nassau and Bavaria woody structure is very common, and it is from this circumstance that the term lignite is derived. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 6, Slice 5 "Clervaux" to "Cockade" The bark of these pieces has been converted into lignite. Narrative of a Second Expedition to the Shores of the Polar Sea For the strange word, respecting which he asked for information, having seen it used in a newspaper, was not lignites but liquites. Notes and Queries, Number 238, May 20, 1854 A Medium of Inter-communication for Literary Men, Artists, Antiquaries, Genealogists, etc But there is a lignite mine not far from the city, and a narrow gauge railroad running to it. Astounding Stories of Super-Science, August 1930 But he was not geologist enough to know that it was only lignite, and not a coal of commercial value in those times. The Duke Of Chimney Butte It is generally largest in lignites, which may sometimes contain 30% or even more, while in the Water in coal. coals of the coal measures it does not usually exceed from 5 to 10%. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 6, Slice 5 "Clervaux" to "Cockade" The beds of lignite appear to take fire spontaneously when exposed to the atmosphere. Narrative of a Second Expedition to the Shores of the Polar Sea Professor Young, curator, was an expert in his line, but young Marable had charge of these particular fossil blocks, the amber being pure because it was mixed with lignite. Astounding Stories of Super-Science July 1930 I may add, that this most ancient of Scottish lignites presents several peculiarities of structure. The Testimony of the Rocks or, Geology in Its Bearings on the Two Theologies, Natural and Revealed As these broad, deep deposits of lignite lie near the surface, the fire can be seen through crevasses and fallen sections of crust. The Duke Of Chimney Butte It varies in colour from a light brown in the newest lignites to a pure black, often with Physical properties. a bluish or yellowish tint in the more compact anthracite of the older formations. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 6, Slice 5 "Clervaux" to "Cockade" I could not learn how far these beds were connected with the lignite deposit. Narrative of a Second Expedition to the Shores of the Polar Sea It may have originated with some dealer in lignites; but plain dealers would like to be informed what lignites are? Notes and Queries, Number 236, May 6, 1854 A Medium of Inter-communication for Literary Men, Artists, Antiquaries, Genealogists, etc The three main classes,—anthracite, bituminous, and lignite,—have group characteristics determined by their composition, color, texture, origin, and uses, and for general purposes these names have reasonably definite significance. The Economic Aspect of Geology Lead, zinc, lignite, coal and salt are worked, and there are numerous mineral springs; but the prosperity of the province chiefly depends on its transit trade and manufactures. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 3, Part 1, Slice 3 "Banks" to "Bassoon" The maximum hardness is from 2.5 to 3 in anthracite and hard bituminous coals, but considerably less in lignites, which are nearly as soft as rotten wood. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 6, Slice 5 "Clervaux" to "Cockade" A frequent form of the lignite is that of slate, of a dull, brownish-black colour, but yielding a shining streak. Narrative of a Second Expedition to the Shores of the Polar Sea Ashes of "Lignites."—A paragraph has been making the circuit of the public papers, recommending the use of ashes of lignites, to preserve esculent roots. Notes and Queries, Number 236, May 6, 1854 A Medium of Inter-communication for Literary Men, Artists, Antiquaries, Genealogists, etc However, there is complete gradation in coal materials from peat through lignite to bituminous and anthracite coals; many varieties fall near the border lines of the main groups, and their specific naming then becomes difficult. The Economic Aspect of Geology Alum was formerly obtained from the clays of Alum Bay; and the lignites have been used as fuel near Corfe and at Bovey. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 3, Part 1, Slice 2 "Baconthorpe" to "Bankruptcy" The proportion of carbon in bituminous coals may vary from 80 to 90%—the amount being highest as they approach the character of anthracite, and least in those which are nearest to lignites. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 6, Slice 5 "Clervaux" to "Cockade" It occurs also in lignite deposits on the upper branches of the Saskatchewan, and is associated with bituminous shale on the coast of the Arctic Sea. Narrative of a Second Expedition to the Shores of the Polar Sea Other important products are lignite, gypsum and a variety of valuable stones and clays. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 3, Part 1, Slice 1 "Austria, Lower" to "Bacon" Similarly bituminous coal has a higher fuel ratio than lignite. The Economic Aspect of Geology There is a lacustrine group which has usually been placed in the Lower Eocene, but the discovery of Anthracotherium magnum in the interbedded lignites proves it to be Oligocene, in part at least. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 3, Part 1, Slice 2 "Baconthorpe" to "Bankruptcy" Some lignites are, however, quite as brilliant as anthracite; cannel and jet may be turned in the lathe, and are susceptible of taking a brilliant polish. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 6, Slice 5 "Clervaux" to "Cockade" It incloses some seams of lignite 10 feet Lignite 14½ Clay and Sand 50 Irregular slope from top of cliff to summit of bank 90 154½ Section III. Narrative of a Second Expedition to the Shores of the Polar Sea It is chiefly obtained from the southern shores of the Baltic, and those of Sicily, where it is thrown up by the sea, but it also occurs in beds of lignite. The Sailor's Word-Book An Alphabetical Digest of Nautical Terms, including Some More Especially Military and Scientific, but Useful to Seamen; as well as Archaisms of Early Voyagers, etc. For instance, subbituminous coal may be distinguished from lignite, not by its fuel ratio alone, but by its shiny, black appearance as contrasted with the dull, woody appearance of lignite. The Economic Aspect of Geology Within recent years, however, imported coal, together with native lignite, have given steel manufacture an impetus. Commercial Geography A Book for High Schools, Commercial Courses, and Business Colleges In Arkansas, Oklahoma and Texas, and along the line of the Rocky Mountains, extensive fields occur, producing lignite and bituminous coal. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 6, Slice 5 "Clervaux" to "Cockade" On this particular June night the thermometer was in the thirties and a cannon stove glowed red from a steady application of lignite. Roosevelt in the Bad Lands On several adjacent elevations evidences of former fires, or places where pottery was burned, were found, and one has not to go far to discover narrow seams of an impure lignite. Archeological Expedition to Arizona in 1895 Seventeenth Annual Report of the Bureau of American Ethnology to the Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution, 1895-1896, Government Printing Office, Washington, 1898, pages 519-744 It has greater density than the lignites or subbituminous coals, is black, more brittle, and breaks with a cubical or conchoidal fracture. The Economic Aspect of Geology A poor quality of lignite occurs in several provinces, but there are no available mines yielding coal suitable for making steam. Commercial Geography A Book for High Schools, Commercial Courses, and Business Colleges Philippine coal is more correctly speaking highly carbonized lignite of the Tertiary age, and analogous to Japanese coal. The Philippine Islands It was a vein of soft lignite laid bare in the side of a clay bluff by the corrosive action of the water, carving, through the centuries, the bed of the Little Missouri. Roosevelt in the Bad Lands There are no coal measures between New Brunswick and Manitoba, and the lignite beds of Manitoba yield a much less valuable coal than that of Nova Scotia. Canada In the western United States there are great quantities of subbituminous coal of Cretaceous age, and of Tertiary lignites which have locally been converted by mountain upbuilding into bituminous and semibituminous coals. The Economic Aspect of Geology The beds of lignite coal have produced a very large part of the coal used in the Pacific coast States. Commercial Geography A Book for High Schools, Commercial Courses, and Business Colleges Batan Island, off the south-east coast of Luzon Island, is said to have the finest lignite beds in the Archipelago. The Philippine Islands A still younger coal, which is soft and has a brownish color, is called lignite, and is found mostly in the South and West. The Western United States A Geographical Reader The true bitumens appear to have arisen from coal or lignite by the action of subterranean heat; and very closely resemble some of the products yielded by the destructive distillation of those bodies. Field's Chromatography or Treatise on Colours and Pigments as Used by Artists They result in the second stage of coal formation, that of lignite or brown coal. The Economic Aspect of Geology The colour was buff, and there were seams of coal and lignite in places. A Canyon Voyage The Narrative of the Second Powell Expedition down the Green-Colorado River from Wyoming, and the Explorations on Land, in the Years 1871 and 1872 The island of Cebú contains large deposits of lignite. The Philippine Islands They are made from the low-grade coals, culm, slack and lignites, blended with coal-tar pitch. Checking the Waste A Study in Conservation Some varieties of lignite, when crushed and pressed at a steam heat, soften sufficiently to furnish compact briquettes without requiring any cementing material. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 4, Part 3 "Brescia" to "Bulgaria" One of the important outcomes of this situation has been the recent rapid development of German lignite production, based on newly worked-out methods of treatment and utilization. The Economic Aspect of Geology The Sun then waved them to a seat and brought forth four large pipes, two of abalone and two of lignite. The North American Indian All the coal for the furnaces is brought from England—the lignite on the banks of the Marañon is unfit for the purpose. The Andes and the Amazon Across the Continent of South America "But then," cried I, after reflecting for a moment, "like the lignites, it must be as hard and as heavy as iron, and therefore will certainly not float." A Journey to the Centre of the Earth Br�x is situated in the centre of a region very rich in lignite deposits and has, besides, important sugar, iron and hardware, distilling, brewing and milling industries. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 4, Part 3 "Brescia" to "Bulgaria" The term "lignite," as used by the Geological Survey, is restricted to those coals which are distinctly brown and either markedly woody or claylike in their appearance. The Economic Aspect of Geology In coals, shales, lignites, &c., the carbon compounds are, on heating, split up into oils and similar compounds. A Text-book of Assaying: For the Use of Those Connected with Mines. It rests upon a bed of lignite, or bituminous shale, and a coarse, iron-cemented conglomerate. The Andes and the Amazon Across the Continent of South America At the Washington office, microscopic investigations into the life history of coal, lignite, and peat are being conducted. Transactions of the American Society of Civil Engineers, vol. LXX, Dec. 1910 Federal Investigations of Mine Accidents, Structural Materials and Fuels. Paper No. 1171 In this region, which is called by the Roumanians the region of vines, are to be found marl, sandstone, chalk, and gypsum, with rock-salt, petroleum, and lignite. Roumania Past and Present Lower diagram: Variation in the fixed carbon, volatile matter, and moisture of coals of different ranks, from lignite to anthracite, computed on samples as received, on the ash-free basis. The Economic Aspect of Geology We used coal dust scraped up in the yards, also the best Cardiff coal, anthracite, and five kinds of Italian lignite, the best of which possesses about half the combustible value of coal. Scientific American Supplement, No. 561, October 2, 1886 This amount of lignite, however, was required in Germany before the war in addition to the quantities of coal assumed above. The Economic Consequences of the Peace In this building two briquetting machines are installed, one an English machine of the Johnson type, and the other a German lignite machine of very powerful construction. Transactions of the American Society of Civil Engineers, vol. LXX, Dec. 1910 Federal Investigations of Mine Accidents, Structural Materials and Fuels. Paper No. 1171 We have already spoken of the deposits of salt, petroleum, and lignite, and in association with the second is found the substance known as ozokerit or fossil wax. Roumania Past and Present Continuation of the processes of induration produces subbituminous coal, or black lignite, which is usually black and sometimes has a fairly bright luster. The Economic Aspect of Geology The coals thus far commercially mined are chiefly lignite and bituminous. A Review of the Resources and Industries of the State of Washington, 1909 The searching occupies but little time, as they look only among the lignite, which is at once obvious. Journals of Travels in Assam, Burma, Bhootan, Afghanistan and the Neighbouring Countries The inspection and analysis of coal and 265 lignite purchased under specification for the use of the Government, to ascertain its heating value, ash, contained moisture, etc. Transactions of the American Society of Civil Engineers, vol. LXX, Dec. 1910 Federal Investigations of Mine Accidents, Structural Materials and Fuels. Paper No. 1171 In two or three places I passed pits for the excavation of lignite, which does not look unlike the wood taken out of bogs. The Foundations of Japan Notes Made During Journeys Of 6,000 Miles In The Rural Districts As A Basis For A Sounder Knowledge Of The Japanese People Jurassic coals are known in many parts of the world outside of North America, and lignites of Tertiary age are widely distributed through Asia and Europe. The Economic Aspect of Geology Coal mining is in its infancy, but has progressed far enough to demonstrate the existence of vast areas of lignite coal, having some six veins and having a combined thickness of 61 feet of coal. A Review of the Resources and Industries of the State of Washington, 1909 The amber occurs in both these, the clue to its existence being the presence of small masses of lignite. Journals of Travels in Assam, Burma, Bhootan, Afghanistan and the Neighbouring Countries The dicotyledonous stems found in lignite are occasionally distinguished by colossal size and great age. COSMOS: A Sketch of the Physical Description of the Universe, Vol. 1 They consist of lignites, clays, marls, and limestones. The Ancient Life History of the Earth A Comprehensive Outline of the Principles and Leading Facts of Palæontological Science War and post-war conditions have shown Germany the way to a wide and effective use of its lignites. The Economic Aspect of Geology The coal measures include bituminous, lignite and anthracite, and are of great extent in the foothills of the eastern part of the county. A Review of the Resources and Industries of the State of Washington, 1909 The searching occupies but very little time, as the presence of the lignite is readily ascertained; all I saw dug out occurred as small irregular deposits; it did not appear to be abundant. Journals of Travels in Assam, Burma, Bhootan, Afghanistan and the Neighbouring Countries The lignite coals of the upper Missouri, also, are under investigation by Mr. Bailey Willis, with a corps of assistants. Scientific American Supplement, No. 484, April 11, 1885 In Britain, the Miocene rocks are very poorly developed, one of their leading developments being at Bovey Tracy in Devonshire, where there occur sands, clays, and beds of lignite Page 306 or imperfect coal. The Ancient Life History of the Earth A Comprehensive Outline of the Principles and Leading Facts of Palæontological Science This vast improvement in methods of treatment and recovery of heating elements and by-products will doubtless have a widespread effect on utilization of lignites in other parts of the world. The Economic Aspect of Geology The coal already mined includes both lignite and bituminous varieties and furnishes fuel for the railroads, steamboats and power plants, giving very satisfactory results. A Review of the Resources and Industries of the State of Washington, 1909 We passed two or three small nullahs, in one of which I observed lumps of lignite. Journals of Travels in Assam, Burma, Bhootan, Afghanistan and the Neighbouring Countries The country is rich in lignite, and salt works are abundant. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 2, Part 1, Slice 1 These Bovey Tracy lignites are of Lower Miocene age, and they are lacustrine in origin. The Ancient Life History of the Earth A Comprehensive Outline of the Principles and Leading Facts of Palæontological Science The beds of lignite, of which samples were on exhibition, are said to be of very superior quality. Final Report of the Louisiana Purchase Exposition Commission Two systems of railroads have been projected into these fields, and the nearest, carrying lignite and bituminous coals, are being commercially developed. A Review of the Resources and Industries of the State of Washington, 1909 Both Coal and Salt exist in the valley; the only indication of the existence of the former I saw, was a mass of lignite in the bed of a nullah between Tsilone and Meinkhoong. Journals of Travels in Assam, Burma, Bhootan, Afghanistan and the Neighbouring Countries There are mines of silver, copper, lignite and salt, and many hot springs, including some of great repute medicinally. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 2, Part 1, Slice 1 Lithologically, the series consists principally of sands and clays, with beds of lignite and coal, and its organic remains show that it is principally of fresh-water origin with a partial intermixture of marine beds. The Ancient Life History of the Earth A Comprehensive Outline of the Principles and Leading Facts of Palæontological Science In bituminous and lignite coals, both in quality and quantity, Wyoming's exhibit was one of the most prominent found at the fair. Final Report of the Louisiana Purchase Exposition Commission But subsequent travellers have also found this lignite coal burning to waste, and imagine that, being full of gas, it catches fire spontaneously if any landslip or other accident exposes it to moist air. Pioneers in Canada The sandstone banks opposite the island are overlain with a stratum of lignite three or four feet thick, which burns freely and makes acceptable fuel. The New North Very serviceable lignites of Cretaceous age are found on the Pacific slope, to which age those of Vancouver's Island and Saskatchewan River are referable. The Story of a Piece of Coal What It Is, Whence It Comes, and Whither It Goes The former consist of blue clays and lignites, with an abundance of plants. The Ancient Life History of the Earth A Comprehensive Outline of the Principles and Leading Facts of Palæontological Science Large blocks of lignite, anthracite, etc., gave an idea of the importance of the coal fields of Peru. Final Report of the Louisiana Purchase Exposition Commission Every quarter the owners have to pay a halfpenny per ton on the output, if it be bituminous coal; and a farthing a ton, if it be lignite. The Long White Cloud We come into view of the "boucans" or beds of lignite coal which have been continuously burning here since Mackenzie saw them in 1789 and mistook their smoke for tepee fires. The New North Extensive deposits of lignite are met with both in the Dominion and in the United States, whilst true coal-measures flank both sides of the Rocky Mountains. The Story of a Piece of Coal What It Is, Whence It Comes, and Whither It Goes Nevertheless, he says, when pyrites seams are avoided and the lignite is properly handled, it forms a valuable fuel, especially for local consumption. The Story of the Philippines and Our New Possessions, Including the Ladrones, Hawaii, Cuba and Porto Rico The Eldorado of the Orient SE. of Dresden, with a magnificent Rathhaus; stands on a vast lignite deposit; manufactures cotton, linen, machinery, &c. The Nuttall Encyclopædia Being a Concise and Comprehensive Dictionary of General Knowledge The sedimentary rock of sandstone, shales, and marl, not only showed veins of ignitible lignite, but it was pierced by the trap which had been shot up from earth's flaming recesses. Overland The different fuels in common use for cooking purposes are hard wood, soft wood, charcoal, anthracite coal, bituminous coal, coke, lignite, kerosene oil, gasoline, and gas. Science in the Kitchen. In New Zealand quantities of lignite, described as a hydrous coal, are found and utilised; also an anhydrous coal which may prove to be either of Cretaceous or Jurassic age. The Story of a Piece of Coal What It Is, Whence It Comes, and Whither It Goes It might better be characterized as a highly carbonized lignite, likely to contain much sulphur as iron pyrites, rendering them apt to spontaneous combustion and injurious to boiler plates. The Story of the Philippines and Our New Possessions, Including the Ladrones, Hawaii, Cuba and Porto Rico The Eldorado of the Orient There was a good old lignite fire blazin' away 'n the station. Mr. Scraggs There are outcroppings of lignite at numerous points on the island, and in the vicinity of Mt. The Philippines: Past and Present (Volume 1 of 2) The quantity of oxygen and hydrogen that they contain is greater, and seems to bring them near the lignites. Scientific American Supplement, No. 481, March 21, 1885 In most lignites there is, as a rule, a comparatively large proportion of sulphur, and in such cases it is rendered useless as a domestic fuel. The Story of a Piece of Coal What It Is, Whence It Comes, and Whither It Goes Eastern Germany has one of the world's largest reserves of low-grade lignite coal but little else in the way of mineral resources. The 1993 CIA World Factbook I went through gallery after gallery, dusty, silent, often ruinous, the exhibits sometimes mere heaps of rust and lignite, sometimes fresher. The Time Machine The region is one of the world's largest producers of low-grade lignite coal, but has few other resources. The 1991 CIA World Factbook If, then, lignites have not become soft coal, and if the latter has not become anthracite, it is not that time was wanting, but climatic conditions and environment. Scientific American Supplement, No. 481, March 21, 1885 It has been used as a fuel in various processes of manufacture, and the lignite of the well-known Bovey Tracey beds has been utilised in this way at the neighbouring potteries. The Story of a Piece of Coal What It Is, Whence It Comes, and Whither It Goes Coal, and in much larger quantities lignite, have been found in many parts of Alaska. The Project Gutenberg Encyclopedia Volume 1 of 28 Eastern Germany has one of the world's largest reserves of low-grade lignite coal but little else in the way of mineral resources. The 1994 CIA World Factbook Later investigations show that while there is considerable undeveloped lignite, coal suitable for fuel is not wanting. Santo Domingo A Country with a Future The large amount as well as the high percentage of oxygen characterize the so called coal as a lignite, with which conclusion the physical characters of the sample are in perfect harmony. Scientific American Supplement, No. 401, September 8, 1883 In Silesia, Saxony, and in the district about Bonn, large quantities of lignite are mined, and used as fuel. The Story of a Piece of Coal What It Is, Whence It Comes, and Whither It Goes Salt is also found in large quantities; but mining and quarrying are not practised on a large scale; only lead, lignite and asphalt being worked. The Project Gutenberg Encyclopedia Volume 1 of 28 Marsh gas and carbonic acid are seen escaping from the surface of pools where recent vegetable matter is submerged, and they are also eliminated in the further decomposition of peat, lignite, coal, and carbonaceous shale. Scientific American Supplement, No. 362, December 9, 1882 One of the branches of a tree, now turned to lignite, had possessed a thick pith. The Naturalist on the Thames Mr. Plumacher has seen, while residing in the State of Zulia, but one true specimen of "lignite," which was given to him by a rich land-owner, who is a Spanish subject. Scientific American Supplement, No. 286, June 25, 1881 The eocene beds of Brighton are an important instance of a tertiary lignite, the seam of surturbrand, as it is locally called, being a somewhat extensive deposit. The Story of a Piece of Coal What It Is, Whence It Comes, and Whither It Goes According to their position these sandstones may be considered as belonging to the formation of green sandstone, or sandstone with lignites below chalk. Personal Narrative of Travels to the Equinoctial Regions of America, During the Year 1799-1804 — Volume 3 Vegetable tissue has been converted artificially into the equivalents of lignite, coal, anthracite, and graphite, with the emission of vapors, gases, and oils closely resembling those evolved in natural processes. Scientific American Supplement, No. 362, December 9, 1882 That the heat did not come from below, as volcanic heat would have done, is proved by the fact that the lignite beds underneath the porcellanite are unburnt. At Last Mr. Plumacher says that all the samples of coal submitted to him in Venezuela for examination, with the exception of the "lignite" before mentioned, were, in his opinion, asphalt in various degrees of condensation. Scientific American Supplement, No. 286, June 25, 1881 In Abyssinia lignites are frequently met with in the high lands of the interior. The Story of a Piece of Coal What It Is, Whence It Comes, and Whither It Goes A slow decomposition of the pyrites, which probably act as so many little galvanic piles, renders the waters alumiferous, that circulate across the bituminous lignites and carburetted clays. Personal Narrative of Travels to the Equinoctial Regions of America, During the Year 1799-1804 — Volume 3 Jet is a carbonaceous solid which in most cases is a true lignite, and generally retains more or less of the structure of wood. Scientific American Supplement, No. 362, December 9, 1882 Now is it not plain that if such trees as that sunk, their bark would be turned into lignite, and at last into coal, while their insides would be silted up with mud and sand? Town Geology I had already found on the shore opposite at high tide, large pieces of lignite coal and petrified wood. Official Report of the Exploration of the Queen Charlotte Islands for the Government of British Columbia There were probably several oscillations of level which assisted in bringing about these changes, during which trees were often uprooted and laid prostrate, giving rise to layers of lignite. The Antiquity of Man Blake, who was now geologizing and doing topographical work, discovered several lignite seams in the hills on the east coast; he had finished his chart of the island. The Home of the Blizzard Being the Story of the Australasian Antarctic Expedition, 1911-1914 Fire damp and choke-damp, common names for the gases mentioned above, are produced in large quantities in the mines where Tertiary or Cretaceous lignites, or Carboniferous coals or anthracites are mined. Scientific American Supplement, No. 362, December 9, 1882 We burn coal found twelve miles from this; it is not very good, being only what is called "lignite." Station Life in New Zealand Accidental fires in mines of coal or lignite sometimes lead to consequences not only destructive to large quantities of valuable material, but which may, directly or indirectly, produce results important in geography. The Earth as Modified by Human Action At Cromer and eastward, with abundant lignite beds and mammalian remains, and with cones of the Scotch and spruce firs and wood. The Antiquity of Man Good fires of lignite and wood made the house cheery, and we went to bed, hoping for fine weather next day. Station Amusements in New Zealand What are called the carbon minerals—peat, lignite, coal, graphite, asphalt, petroleum, etc.—are, properly speaking, not minerals at all, as they are organic substances, and have no definite chemical composition or crystalline forms. Scientific American Supplement, No. 362, December 9, 1882 The ashes of coals and lignite are also excellent means of ameliorating the soil, and they are used in many places for this purpose. Familiar Letters on Chemistry Coal, conversion into anthracite of. — a land and swamp formation. —, cause of the purity of. —, conversion of lignite into. —, erect trees in. —, structure of the. —, vegetation of the. —, air-breathers in the. The Student's Elements of Geology Between the stumps of the buried forest, and in the lignite above them, are many well-preserved cones of the Scotch and spruce firs, Pinus sylvestris, and Pinus abies. The Antiquity of Man Many a time, instead of enjoying the company of lads of my own age, I had preferred dusting these graphites, anthracites, coals, lignites, and peats! A Journey to the Interior of the Earth Any carbonaceous fuel, such as, say, lignite, coal, or charcoal, can be employed. Getting Gold: a practical treatise for prospectors, miners and students The strata which I examined consisted of fine-grained muddy sandstones, with fragments of lignite and concretions of calcareous sandstone. Geological Observations on South America Associated with the marls and limestones of Monte Bolca are beds containing lignite and shale with numerous plants, which have been described by Unger and Massalongo, and referred by them to the Eocene period. The Student's Elements of Geology Finely laminated sands and clays, with thin layer of lignite, and shells of Cyclas and Valvata, and with Mytilus in some beds. The Antiquity of Man So black was it that at first glance I took it for a vein of jetty lignite. The Metal Monster The lignites of Iceland are made up of tulip, plantain, and nut-trees, even the vine sometimes occurring. Manners and Monuments of Prehistoric Peoples Another irregular, curvilinear bed of brown, compact lignite, is remarkable for being included in a mass of coarse gravel. Geological Observations on South America In Bohemia, the rich veins of silver of Joachimsthal cut through basalt containing olivine, which overlies tertiary lignite, in which are leaves of dicotyledonous trees. The Student's Elements of Geology The great age of the lignite is partly indicated by the bones of Elephas antiquus found in it. The Antiquity of Man I could not expect shells, for they never occur in this formation; but lignite or carbonaceous shale ought to be found. More Letters of Charles Darwin — Volume 1 We must not confound the yellow amber of the Baltic with the red amber found in Italy, in the mountains of Lebanon, and even in some lignites in the south of France. Manners and Monuments of Prehistoric Peoples These lavas are conformably associated with strata of breccia and of brown tuff containing lignite. Geological Observations on South America As two of the lavas of the Giant's Causeway are parted by a bed of lignite, it is not improbable that the layers of laterite seen in the Antrim cliffs resulted from atmospheric decomposition. The Student's Elements of Geology In the higher beds are found, on the contrary, lignite and fossil wood, substances in which the quantity of carbon is infinitely less. The Underground City, or, the Child of the Cavern They consist of blue clays with some subordinate layers of lignite, and exhibit a richer flora than the overlying Newer Pliocene beds, and one receding farther from the existing vegetation of Europe. The Student's Elements of Geology The thickness of the marls is ten feet, and vegetable matter predominates so much in some layers as to form an imperfect lignite. The Student's Elements of Geology The sandstone contains fragments of wood, either in the state of lignite or partially silicified, sharks' teeth, and shells in great abundance, both high up and low down the sea-cliffs. Geological Observations on South America Layers of light brown and sometimes black lignite are interstratified with the clays and sands, and often irregularly diffused through them. The Student's Elements of Geology Below this sand are forty-five beds of alternating lignite and clay. The Student's Elements of Geology Associated with the stumps and overlying them, are lignite beds with fresh-water shells of recent species, and laminated clay without fossils. The Student's Elements of Geology These plants occur in fourteen of the beds— namely, in two of the clays, and the rest in the lignites. The Student's Elements of Geology As the trunks of oaks are common in the lignite beds in which it lay, it has received the generic name of Dryopithecus. The Student's Elements of Geology Through the lignite and forest-bed are scattered cones of the Scotch and spruce firs with the seeds of recent plants, and the bones of at least twenty species of terrestrial mammalia. The Student's Elements of Geology By this means they become gradually converted into lignite or wood-coal, which contains a larger proportion of hydrogen than wood does. The Student's Elements of Geology A continuance of decomposition changes this lignite into common or bituminous coal, chiefly by the discharge of carbureted hydrogen, or the gas by which we illuminate our streets and houses. The Student's Elements of Geology It is from 12 to 18 inches thick, is of a dark brown or black colour, and contains a large proportion of earthy lignite. The Student's Elements of Geology Layers of lignite also accompany the inferior clays and sands. The Student's Elements of Geology |
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