英语词汇“leucocyte”造句子简单的方法、技巧、例句及翻译-英语例句辞典

Some cells, including some leucocytes in humans, are able to engulf food by endocytosis—the formation of vesicles by involution of the cell membrane within the cells. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z

They found evidence for strong positive selection on the regulatory region of the human leucocyte antigen gene HLA-DQA1 in the ancient population. Ancient DNA reveals genetic legacy of pandemics in the Americas 2016-12-19T05:00:00Z

Unlike HIV, which only infects two types of immune cells, Ebola first infects the leucocytes, the white cells that patrol the blood and lymph system. Ebola: the race to find a vaccine 2014-10-26T04:00:00Z

It was found that the tissues were attacked by phagocytic cells that became enlarged and carried away fragments of the tissue; the cells were subsequently identified as leucocytes or blood-cells. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 13, Slice 4 "Hero" to "Hindu Chronology" 2012-04-04T02:00:56.447Z

The fluid from these contained very numerous cells indistinguishable from leucocytes. A System of Practical Medicine by American Authors, Vol. I Volume 1: Pathology and General Diseases 2012-03-17T02:00:54.097Z

Simply because the red corpuscles that rule our destinies are, when dynamic, mighty breeders of hope; if the powers and principalities of darkness prevail, our guardian angels, the phagocytes, are dominated by the leucocytes. Unicorns 2012-03-14T02:00:26.677Z

The skin under the postage stamps was thickened, necrotic, of a yellowish-white colour, puffy with the serum of the blood and leucocytes, and surrounded by an intensely red zone of inflammation. Essays In Pastoral Medicine 2012-03-05T03:00:09.993Z

There are no leucocytes as in ordinary pus. Arteriosclerosis and Hypertension: with Chapters on Blood Pressure, 3rd Edition. 2011-10-11T02:01:07.890Z

The blood shows two important changes—first, a fall in the alkalinity due to the products of disintegration of protoplasm; and, secondly, an increase in the number of leucocytes, and chiefly in the polymorpho-nuclear variety. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 10, Slice 3 "Fenton, Edward" to "Finistere" 2011-03-14T03:01:00.580Z

Except in the mildest cases the Schneiderian membrane also participates in the inflammation as the disease advances, so that a thin, irritating discharge, containing leucocytes or pus-cells, flows from the nostrils. A System of Practical Medicine by American Authors, Vol. I Volume 1: Pathology and General Diseases 2012-03-17T02:00:54.097Z

Like quinine, it arrests the normal amoeboid movements of the polymorphonuclear leucocytes, and has a definite antiperiodic action; but it is a very poor substitute for quinine in malaria. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 9, Slice 8 "Ethiopia" to "Evangelical Association" 2011-03-05T03:00:24.537Z

If glycogen is present in solution in the plasma it is there in very small quantities only, and has probably arisen from the destruction of the white blood corpuscles, since some leucocytes undoubtedly contain glycogen. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 4, Slice 1 "Bisharin" to "Bohea"

The leucocytes force their way through the walls of the capillaries and travel towards these germs. American Red Cross Text-Book on Home Hygiene and Care of the Sick

This process is known as coagulation necrosis, and the resulting fibroid mass, containing in its meshes the necrosed and degenerated epithelium and leucocytes, constitutes the diphtheritic or false membrane. Special Report on Diseases of Cattle

The exudation contains not only dead leucocytes and interlacing fibres, but is also provided with abundant granular material, much of which presents the well-known peculiarities of microscopic organisms. A System of Practical Medicine by American Authors, Vol. I Volume 1: Pathology and General Diseases 2012-03-17T02:00:54.097Z

In a case of acute widely distributed urticaria, A. Lazarus found the eosinophils increased to 60% of the leucocytes, a number which after the course of a few days again sank to normal. Histology of the Blood Normal and Pathological

The Lymphocyte.—This is the smallest leucocyte, being only about 0.0065 mm. in diameter. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 4, Slice 1 "Bisharin" to "Bohea"

Note the dumb-bell shape of the leucocytes as they pass through the minute holes in the capillary walls, and their pseudopods as they travel towards their common destination, attracted by the poison from the germs. American Red Cross Text-Book on Home Hygiene and Care of the Sick

There is an increase in the number of leucocytes in the cerebro-spinal fluid, and organisms also are found in the fluid. Manual of Surgery Volume Second: Extremities—Head—Neck. Sixth Edition.

Arnold represents the most strenuous advocates of the stomata theory, according to which the leucocytes pass through canals normally existing in the wall. A System of Practical Medicine by American Authors, Vol. I Volume 1: Pathology and General Diseases 2012-03-17T02:00:54.097Z

For if in the places in question substances are present which act chemiotactically on the eosinophil leucocytes, in the course of time marked accumulation must occur, without an increase of their number in the blood. Histology of the Blood Normal and Pathological

The number and nature of the leucocytes in the blood bears no constant or necessary relation to the number or condition of the red corpuscles, and their variations depend on entirely different conditions. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 4, Slice 1 "Bisharin" to "Bohea"

The poison of the germs has killed all the leucocytes and also all the cutis immediately around them, and now digestive fluids from the dead leucocytes is turning the whole dead mass into liquid pus. American Red Cross Text-Book on Home Hygiene and Care of the Sick

This clot is soon permeated by newly formed blood vessels, and by leucocytes and fibroblasts, the latter being derived from proliferation of the cells of the marrow and periosteum. Manual of Surgery Volume Second: Extremities—Head—Neck. Sixth Edition.

The leucocytes of the body, whether found as white blood-corpuscles or lymph-corpuscles, or as the wandering cells of connective tissue, are, as Virchow has indicated, such indifferent cells. A System of Practical Medicine by American Authors, Vol. I Volume 1: Pathology and General Diseases 2012-03-17T02:00:54.097Z

For, as has been seen in the ordinary polynuclear leucocytes, the immigrated polynuclear eosinophils may similarly change to mononuclear cells; they may perhaps settle down, and approximate to the character of fixed connective tissue cells. Histology of the Blood Normal and Pathological

It forms from 15 to 40% of the number of leucocytes, and is less markedly amoeboid than the other varieties. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 4, Slice 1 "Bisharin" to "Bohea"

The migration of leucocytes has continued until now they form a dense mass surrounding the germs. American Red Cross Text-Book on Home Hygiene and Care of the Sick

The crypts are distended with yellowish-white plugs, composed of inflammatory exudate, leucocytes, and desquamated epithelium, and these may project from the openings, giving the tonsil a spotted appearance. Manual of Surgery Volume Second: Extremities—Head—Neck. Sixth Edition.

The exudation, on the contrary, is highly albuminous, though less so than the blood-plasma; it contains numerous leucocytes and much fibrin; under ordinary circumstances there are but few red blood-corpuscles. A System of Practical Medicine by American Authors, Vol. I Volume 1: Pathology and General Diseases 2012-03-17T02:00:54.097Z

Only in one case did he find the figures of nuclear division somewhat more abundant, where there was one mitosis only to several hundreds of leucocytes. Histology of the Blood Normal and Pathological

Though the relative proportions of the leucocytes are probably continually undergoing change even in health, especially as the result of taking food, the number of red corpuscles remains much more constant. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 4, Slice 1 "Bisharin" to "Bohea"

The minute neutrophile granules of the polymorphonuclear leucocytes are often very scanty, and sometimes apparently absent. The Elements of Bacteriological Technique A Laboratory Guide for Medical, Dental, and Technical Students. Second Edition Rewritten and Enlarged.

Degeneration and death of cells, haemorrhages, serous and fibrinous exudations, leucocyte emigration, proliferation of connective tissue and other cells, may be mentioned as some of the fundamental changes. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 3, Part 1, Slice 2 "Baconthorpe" to "Bankruptcy"

The properties of the effusion and exudation are quite different, the former having a small percentage of albumen, but few leucocytes, with a corresponding absence of fibrin, and few or many red blood-corpuscles. A System of Practical Medicine by American Authors, Vol. I Volume 1: Pathology and General Diseases 2012-03-17T02:00:54.097Z

Apart from the degree of increase of the leucocytes, no one case is the same as another with regard to the other anomalies. Histology of the Blood Normal and Pathological

Thrombogen is produced from the leucocytes, but it is not yet certain whether it is also formed from the platelets. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 4, Slice 1 "Bisharin" to "Bohea"

The granules of the cells corresponding to the polymorphonuclear leucocytes are rod-shaped, often beaded or with clubbed ends. The Elements of Bacteriological Technique A Laboratory Guide for Medical, Dental, and Technical Students. Second Edition Rewritten and Enlarged.

Whether bacteria will be destroyed or not after they have been ingested by the leucocytes will depend upon the digestive powers of the latter, and these probably vary in different species of animals. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 3, Part 1, Slice 2 "Baconthorpe" to "Bankruptcy"

Both varieties may result from the enlargement of leucocytes by fusion or by the assimilation of nutriment. A System of Practical Medicine by American Authors, Vol. I Volume 1: Pathology and General Diseases 2012-03-17T02:00:54.097Z

According to these authors, under the influence of febrile diseases the total number of leucocytes may be enormously decreased. Histology of the Blood Normal and Pathological

They are highly amoeboid and phagocytic, and form about 70% of the total number of leucocytes. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 4, Slice 1 "Bisharin" to "Bohea"

The cells probably corresponding to eosinophile leucocytes have fine coccal-shaped granules, faintly staining eosinophile or neutrophile. The Elements of Bacteriological Technique A Laboratory Guide for Medical, Dental, and Technical Students. Second Edition Rewritten and Enlarged.

The number of bacteria contained within a number of, say fifty, leucocytes can be counted and the average taken. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 3, Part 1, Slice 2 "Baconthorpe" to "Bankruptcy"

According to the observations of Zahn, the nucleus of certain thrombi is the result of the death of these leucocytes and their accumulation upon an altered intima. A System of Practical Medicine by American Authors, Vol. I Volume 1: Pathology and General Diseases 2012-03-17T02:00:54.097Z

On the presence of iron in the granules of the eosinophil leucocytes. Histology of the Blood Normal and Pathological

Not only does the clotting process start from the layers containing the leucocytes and platelets, but in them it also proceeds more quickly. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 4, Slice 1 "Bisharin" to "Bohea"

Rat.—The fine rod-shaped granules of the polymorphonuclear leucocytes are usually very faintly stained. The Elements of Bacteriological Technique A Laboratory Guide for Medical, Dental, and Technical Students. Second Edition Rewritten and Enlarged.

The average number of bacteria contained within leucocytes in the case tested, divided by the number given by the normal serum, is called the phagocytic index. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 3, Part 1, Slice 2 "Baconthorpe" to "Bankruptcy"

The leucocytes may return to the blood-vessels or enter the lymphatics; the latter course probably being the one taken by the larger number of the corpuscles. A System of Practical Medicine by American Authors, Vol. I Volume 1: Pathology and General Diseases 2012-03-17T02:00:54.097Z

The stain, which only requires a small fixation, is completed in a few minutes, and colours the nuclei green, the red blood corpuscles red, the protoplasm of the leucocytes fuchsin colour. Histology of the Blood Normal and Pathological

In human blood the following varieties of leucocytes may be distinguished:— 1. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 4, Slice 1 "Bisharin" to "Bohea"

The granules of those cells which correspond to polymorphonuclear leucocytes are rod-shaped, but smaller and finer than in the fowl, and do not show clubbed appearances. The Elements of Bacteriological Technique A Laboratory Guide for Medical, Dental, and Technical Students. Second Edition Rewritten and Enlarged.

They further showed that this substance acted by combining with the organisms and apparently producing some alteration in them; on the other hand it had no direct action on the leucocytes. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 3, Part 1, Slice 2 "Baconthorpe" to "Bankruptcy"

But he does not say why it is that there is no such coagulation in suppurative processes, where the leucocytes are more numerous. A System of Practical Medicine by American Authors, Vol. I Volume 1: Pathology and General Diseases 2012-03-17T02:00:54.097Z

On the contrary the protoplasm of the leucocytes is always alkaline, and the largest amount of alkali is held by the protoplasm of the lymphocytes. Histology of the Blood Normal and Pathological

The cells amount to about 2% of the total number of leucocytes, though the proportion varies considerably. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 4, Slice 1 "Bisharin" to "Bohea"

Remove the supernatant saline solution as nearly down to the level of the leucocytes as can be safely done without removing any of the leucocytes. The Elements of Bacteriological Technique A Laboratory Guide for Medical, Dental, and Technical Students. Second Edition Rewritten and Enlarged.

There is some evidence that in certain cases anti-substances may act upon the leucocytes, and to these the name of "stimulins" has been given. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 3, Part 1, Slice 2 "Baconthorpe" to "Bankruptcy"

Formerly, some persons held the white granules to be leucocytes, but the greater number agree that they are mainly epithelial fragments. A System of Practical Medicine by American Authors, Vol. I Volume 1: Pathology and General Diseases 2012-03-17T02:00:54.097Z

As we have mentioned this was due to the circumstance that an exact differentiation of the various forms of leucocytes was very difficult with the methods in use up to that time. Histology of the Blood Normal and Pathological

It constitutes about 4% of all the leucocytes and is highly amoeboid and phagocytic. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 4, Slice 1 "Bisharin" to "Bohea"

Starting at one end of the film move the slide slowly across the microscope stage and as each leucocyte comes into view count and record the number of ingested bacteria. The Elements of Bacteriological Technique A Laboratory Guide for Medical, Dental, and Technical Students. Second Edition Rewritten and Enlarged.

While in immunity there probably occurs no marked change in the leucocytes themselves, it must be admitted that the increased destruction of bacteria by these cells is of the highest importance. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 3, Part 1, Slice 2 "Baconthorpe" to "Bankruptcy"

He found that the alkalinity of the blood was slightly diminished, and the number of leucocytes somewhat decreased. Alcohol: A Dangerous and Unnecessary Medicine, How and Why What Medical Writers Say

In spite of these advances, a retrograde movement in the doctrine of the leucocytes has gained ground surprisingly, especially in the last few years. Histology of the Blood Normal and Pathological

As haemoglobin is the medium of respiratory interchange, its diminution causes obvious symptoms, which are much more easily appreciated by the patient than those caused by alterations in the plasma or the leucocytes. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 4, Slice 1 "Bisharin" to "Bohea"

Mouse.—The granules of the polymorphonuclear leucocytes are usually not stained, or only very faintly so. The Elements of Bacteriological Technique A Laboratory Guide for Medical, Dental, and Technical Students. Second Edition Rewritten and Enlarged.

Evidence has been brought forward within recent years that the leucocytes may constitute an important source of the antagonistic substances which appear in the serum. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 3, Part 1, Slice 2 "Baconthorpe" to "Bankruptcy"

There can be little doubt, either, that we are continually taking into our systems bacilli of all sorts, and that, again, disease is averted by the activity of the germ-devouring leucocytes. Alcohol: A Dangerous and Unnecessary Medicine, How and Why What Medical Writers Say

Ever since Virchow's description of the lymphocytes, observers have tried to separate the various forms of leucocytes one from another, and if possible to assign different places of origin to these different kinds. Histology of the Blood Normal and Pathological

The anaemia accompanying the disease is due partly to the leucocyte overgrowth, which takes up the space in the marrow belonging of right to red corpuscle formation and interferes with it. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 4, Slice 1 "Bisharin" to "Bohea"

Find the edge of the blood film—along this the bulk of the leucocytes will be collected. The Elements of Bacteriological Technique A Laboratory Guide for Medical, Dental, and Technical Students. Second Edition Rewritten and Enlarged.

The behaviour of certain cells, especially leucocytes, in infective conditions led Metchnikoff to place great importance on phagocytosis. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 3, Part 1, Slice 2 "Baconthorpe" to "Bankruptcy"

Finally, he points out how necessary it is that we should respect the integrity of the leucocytes in the presence of microbic infections or intoxications. Alcohol: A Dangerous and Unnecessary Medicine, How and Why What Medical Writers Say

Sharply to be distinguished from the lymphocytes is the second group: the "large mononuclear leucocytes." Histology of the Blood Normal and Pathological

An increase is very much more frequent, and is known as leucocytosis, though in this term is usually connoted a relative increase in the proportion of the polymorphonuclear neutrophile leucocytes. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 4, Slice 1 "Bisharin" to "Bohea"

When an obstruction appeared, as a fallen leaf, across the great sandy track, a dozen, or twenty or a hundred workers gathered—like leucocytes—and removed the interfering object. Edge of the Jungle

Thus the apparent increased activity of the leucocytes is due to a preliminary effect of the opsonins on the bacteria. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 3, Part 1, Slice 2 "Baconthorpe" to "Bankruptcy"

It is well known that the moment the leucocytes are submitted to an alcoholic solution, their ameboid movements cease, and their function is arrested. Alcohol: A Dangerous and Unnecessary Medicine, How and Why What Medical Writers Say

The number of polynuclear leucocytes in the blood of the healthy adult amounts to about 70-72%, of the total white corpuscles. Histology of the Blood Normal and Pathological

The disease in which the number of leucocytes in the blood is greatest is leucocythaemia or leucaemia. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 4, Slice 1 "Bisharin" to "Bohea"

The leucocytes are a little high, the red cell count is a little low, the hemoglobin shows a little high on the colorimeter, but none of ’em seems enough to do any harm. Cum Grano Salis

When we say this fluid is composed of certain anatomical elements, as the plasma, red corpuscles, leucocytes and granules, we go a step further in the problem of vitality. Report on Surgery to the Santa Clara County Medical Society

Dr. J. J. Ridge, of London, has learned through his experiments that alcohol not only hinders the leucocytes in their war upon disease germs, but also tends to the multiplication of germs. Alcohol: A Dangerous and Unnecessary Medicine, How and Why What Medical Writers Say

Among anatomical papers we may refer to those of Gulland, according to whom all varieties of leucocytes are but different stages of development of one and the same element. Histology of the Blood Normal and Pathological

The difference lies in the kind of leucocytes present in excess in the blood, blood-forming organs and deposits in the tissues. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 4, Slice 1 "Bisharin" to "Bohea"

Smathers scowled and bent over his microscope to count more leucocytes. Cum Grano Salis

Microscopic examination of blood corroborative of Metschnikoff's theory of fighting leucocytes. "Where Angels Fear to Tread" and Other Stories of the Sea

The antagonism of alcohol to the fundamental functions of life is further exhibited by its action on the cellular elements of living tissues and the free cells or leucocytes of the blood. Alcohol: A Dangerous and Unnecessary Medicine, How and Why What Medical Writers Say

He says that a distinction between so-called lymphocytes and the leucocytes with polymorphous nuclei, on the grounds of the form of the cell and nature of the nucleus, is not possible at the present time. Histology of the Blood Normal and Pathological

And, curiously enough, the less numerous of the two great classes, the white, or leucocytes, are in appearance, structure, pseudopodic movements, and even method of engulfing food, almost exact replicas of their most primitive ancestor. Preventable Diseases

The change in character of the lochial discharge is due to the quantity of blood decreasing and its place being taken by fatty granules and leucocytes. Aids to Forensic Medicine and Toxicology

White Corpuscles.—The white corpuscles, or leucocytes, are cells of a general spherical shape, each containing one, two, or more nuclei. Physiology and Hygiene for Secondary Schools

Now, among the most important of the phagocytes just enumerated are the leucocytes. Alcohol: A Dangerous and Unnecessary Medicine, How and Why What Medical Writers Say

It was therefore necessary to obtain a method which would show alterations in the absolute number of the individual forms of leucocytes. Histology of the Blood Normal and Pathological

Or if, as often happens, an antitoxin is formed, which protects the whole body, this is largely built out of substances set free from the bodies of slain leucocytes. Preventable Diseases

Along the course of the lymph trunks are the lymph glands, which possess a definite capsule and are composed of a reticulated connective tissue, the spaces of which are packed with leucocytes. Manual of Surgery Volume First: General Surgery. Sixth Edition.

The wonderful migration of the leucocytes, which seems to show a conscious protective action on their part, takes place under the action of conditions which influence the movement of cells. Disease and Its Causes

Now, two of the great functions of leucocytes under ordinary conditions are those of policing and scavenging. Alcohol: A Dangerous and Unnecessary Medicine, How and Why What Medical Writers Say

It is especially important that the mononuclear and the leucocytes associated with them, undergo no increase. Histology of the Blood Normal and Pathological

Into the wedge-shaped, elastic clot which now fills the wound from bottom to top like jelly in a mould, the leucocytes or white blood-cells promptly migrate and convert it into a mesh of living cells. Preventable Diseases

In this digestion leucocytosis the increase is chiefly in the polynuclear neutrophile leucocytes. Manual of Surgery Volume First: General Surgery. Sixth Edition.

The amboceptors so necessary for the destructive action of the serum are produced by the body cells, particularly the leucocytes. Disease and Its Causes

In the small patent vessels around this commencing abscess numerous leucocytes, far in excess of the usual proportion, may be seen—the nearer the abscess, the more numerous they become. Alcohol: A Dangerous and Unnecessary Medicine, How and Why What Medical Writers Say

This view finds its best support in the fact that the polynuclear leucocytes possess lively amœboid movement, which is completely wanting in the lymphocytes. Histology of the Blood Normal and Pathological

The collodion capsule permitted the fluids of the body to enter and provide food for the bacilli, but prevented the admission of the leucocytes to attack and destroy them. Preventable Diseases

Lactation has no appreciable effect on the number of leucocytes. Manual of Surgery Volume First: General Surgery. Sixth Edition.

In many cases, however, those penetrating became enclosed in cells which the body cavity contains and which correspond with the leucocytes of the blood; in these the spores were digested and destroyed. Disease and Its Causes

Here then are the changes in the epithelium plus increase in the number of leucocytes. Alcohol: A Dangerous and Unnecessary Medicine, How and Why What Medical Writers Say

It consequently follows from clinical and morphological researches, as well as from the observations on inflammatory processes, that the lymphocytes are in no way connected with the polynuclear leucocytes. Histology of the Blood Normal and Pathological

Surely now the regular leucocyte cavalry have them at their mercy, and can cut them down at leisure. Preventable Diseases

From the addition of a sufficient number of leucocytes, the contents may resemble the pus of an ordinary abscess. Manual of Surgery Volume First: General Surgery. Sixth Edition.

Such natural immunity seemed to be unconnected with defence by phagocytosis, for the leucocytes of the animal might or might not have phagocytic reaction to the particular organisms to which the animal was immune. Disease and Its Causes

Among the more recent findings of science in regard to the effects of alcohol are the action of this drug upon the leucocytes or “guardian cells” of the body. Alcohol: A Dangerous and Unnecessary Medicine, How and Why What Medical Writers Say

Here also the same process of ripening can be seen in the polynuclear eosinophil leucocytes. Histology of the Blood Normal and Pathological

This is an example of the way in which one species of bacteria may actually aid the white cells, or leucocytes, and the tissues in repelling an invasion of disease-producing microbes. Scientific American Supplement, No. 810, July 11, 1891

Leucocytosis.—Most bacterial diseases, as well as certain other pathological conditions, are associated with an increase in the number of leucocytes in the blood throughout the circulatory system. Manual of Surgery Volume First: General Surgery. Sixth Edition.

Large numbers of leucocytes which give protection by phagocytosis are constantly passing to the surface, and there is also a constant stream of fluid towards the surface. Disease and Its Causes

The white corpuscles of the blood are leucocytes. Alcohol: A Dangerous and Unnecessary Medicine, How and Why What Medical Writers Say

No definite statement can as yet be made as to the places of formation of the non-granulated large mononuclear leucocytes. Histology of the Blood Normal and Pathological

You sink brutishly into an armchair, warm your legs at the fire, and let the leucocytes and phagocytes fight it out. Shandygaff

Absence of Leucocytosis—Leucopenia.—In certain infective diseases the number of leucocytes in the circulating blood is abnormally low—3000 or 4000—and this condition is known as leucopenia. Manual of Surgery Volume First: General Surgery. Sixth Edition.

The studies were carried further into the diseases of the higher animals, and it was found the leucocytes in these played the same part as did the cells in the body cavity of the daphnea. Disease and Its Causes

There can be little doubt that the state of immunity which one attack of certain fevers confers against future attacks depends partly upon what is called the phagocytic action of leucocytes. Alcohol: A Dangerous and Unnecessary Medicine, How and Why What Medical Writers Say

Nothnagel conjectured that the formation of the scanty nucleated red blood corpuscles occurred vicariously in the spleen, that of the leucocytes in the lymph glands. Histology of the Blood Normal and Pathological

They tell me there are leucocytes in my blood, and sodium and carbon in my flesh. Back to Methuselah

The Iodine or Glycogen Reaction.—The leucocyte count may be supplemented by staining films of the blood with a watery solution of iodine and potassium iodide. Manual of Surgery Volume First: General Surgery. Sixth Edition.

The presence in the injured part of bacteria or of injured and dead cells exerts an attraction for the leucocytes within the vessels causing their migration. Disease and Its Causes

Thus the leucocytes make their way to what is to become the wall of the abscess, and form a layer around a mass of micro-organisms, localizing, or attempting to localize, such mass. Alcohol: A Dangerous and Unnecessary Medicine, How and Why What Medical Writers Say

This view receives support from the careful work of Reinbach on the behaviour of the leucocytes in malignant tumours. Histology of the Blood Normal and Pathological

When the causal irritant has been excessively severe and the migration of leucocytes abundant, actual formation of pus may occur, the bony tissue being broken down and mingled with it, and an abscess cavity formed. Diseases of the Horse's Foot

The protective effects of the inflammatory reaction depend for the most part upon the transudation of lymph and the emigration of leucocytes. Manual of Surgery Volume First: General Surgery. Sixth Edition.

The numbers present depend much upon the character of the agent which has produced the injury, and they may be more numerous than the ordinary leucocytes which migrate from the blood vessels. Disease and Its Causes

So long as the leucocytes can make their way to this mass, and shut it off from the surrounding tissue, so long we shall have no extension of the abscess. Alcohol: A Dangerous and Unnecessary Medicine, How and Why What Medical Writers Say

The polynuclear leucocytes are produced in the bone-marrow, consequently where the bone-marrow is destroyed, as in this case, it is clear that their numbers must be absolutely very much diminished in the blood. Histology of the Blood Normal and Pathological

These white corpuscles are also known as leucocytes, and their increase in number when they are called upon to resist bacterial invasion is spoken of as hyperleucocytosis. Beacon Lights of History, Volume 14 The New Era; A Supplementary Volume, by Recent Writers, as Set Forth in the Preface and Table of Contents

The toxins of the streptococci are exceedingly virulent, and induce local death of tissue so rapidly that the protective emigration of leucocytes fails to take place. Manual of Surgery Volume First: General Surgery. Sixth Edition.

The direction of motion is due to stimulation of that part of the body of the leucocyte which is towards the source of the stimulus. Disease and Its Causes

We see at once the part that the leucocytes play in attacking micro-organisms, and of localizing their action. Alcohol: A Dangerous and Unnecessary Medicine, How and Why What Medical Writers Say

As will be shewn in detail in the following chapter, neutrophil and eosinophil leucocytes behave quite differently in their susceptibility to chemiotactic stimulation. Histology of the Blood Normal and Pathological

It is probable that the sensitive and travelling leucocytes of our invertebrate ancestors have powerfully co-operated for millions of years in the phylogenesis of the advancing animal organisation. The Evolution of Man — Volume 2

Within a few hours the peritoneal surfaces are glued together by a thin layer of fibrin and leucocytes, which is speedily organised and replaced by fibrous tissue. Manual of Surgery Volume First: General Surgery. Sixth Edition.

The leucocytes as free moving cells also come under the influence of such tropisms. Disease and Its Causes

Then a little distance away from the toxin and toxin-forming organisms, the leucocytes are coming up in large numbers, forming a sort of protecting army, as it were. Alcohol: A Dangerous and Unnecessary Medicine, How and Why What Medical Writers Say

This elimination of the granules is probably one of the most important functions of the polynuclear leucocytes. Histology of the Blood Normal and Pathological

It has been shown by the discoveries of the last few decades that these leucocytes are of the greatest physiological and pathological consequence to the organism. The Evolution of Man — Volume 2

If the labour is normal and the puerperium uncomplicated, the number of leucocytes regains the normal in about a week. Manual of Surgery Volume First: General Surgery. Sixth Edition.

The morphological character of leucocytosis is certainly not simple, and we must sharply separate various groups, according to the kind of leucocyte increased. Histology of the Blood Normal and Pathological

Inflammation surrounding a wound is regarded as caused by the influx and multiplication of leucocytes to engulf and destroy septic bacilli which have gained entrance from the air, a ‘local war’ of defence. Alcohol: A Dangerous and Unnecessary Medicine, How and Why What Medical Writers Say

Virchow designated by the name "Leucocytosis," a transient increase in the number of the leucocytes in the blood; and taught that it occurred in many physiological and pathological conditions. Histology of the Blood Normal and Pathological

In general the majority of blood poisons, potassium chlorate, the derivatives of phenyl hydrazin, pyrodin, phenacetin call forth even in man a considerable increase of the leucocytes besides the destruction of the red blood corpuscles. Histology of the Blood Normal and Pathological

Through the openings by which the leucocytes have escaped from the vessels, red corpuscles may be passively extruded—diapedesis of red corpuscles. Manual of Surgery Volume First: General Surgery. Sixth Edition.

Thus Rieder failed to observe any contractility in the majority of polynuclear leucocytes in a case of malignant lymphoma, whereas according to all other observations they possess this property without exception. Histology of the Blood Normal and Pathological

At the same time its products are very potent in destroying the tissues in their vicinity, and so interfering with the exudation of leucocytes which would otherwise exercise their protective influence. Manual of Surgery Volume First: General Surgery. Sixth Edition.

The issue of an infectious disease would chiefly depend on whether the number of leucocytes in the blood is sufficient for this purpose. Histology of the Blood Normal and Pathological

During the first twelve hours, the minute vessels in the vicinity of the wound dilate, and from them lymph exudes and leucocytes migrate into the tissues. Manual of Surgery Volume First: General Surgery. Sixth Edition.

If the bacteria gain the upper hand, this process of liquefaction which is characteristic of suppuration, extends into the surrounding tissues, the protective barrier of leucocytes is broken down, and the suppurative process spreads. Manual of Surgery Volume First: General Surgery. Sixth Edition.

As lymph and leucocytes escape from the exposed surface there is a certain amount of serous or sero-purulent discharge. Manual of Surgery Volume First: General Surgery. Sixth Edition.

In estimating the clinical importance of a leucocytosis, it is not sufficient merely to count the aggregate number of leucocytes present. Manual of Surgery Volume First: General Surgery. Sixth Edition.

An explanation of the almost constant increase of the leucocytes of the blood in bacterial diseases is given by the chemiotactic as well as by the phagocytic theory of leucocytosis. Histology of the Blood Normal and Pathological

The arrest of the inflammation and its resolution are accompanied by a fall in the number of leucocytes, while the occurrence of suppuration is attended with a further increase in their number. Manual of Surgery Volume First: General Surgery. Sixth Edition.

A fresh accession of leucocytes, however, forms a new barrier, and eventually the spread is arrested, and the collection of pus so hemmed in constitutes an abscess. Manual of Surgery Volume First: General Surgery. Sixth Edition.

In course of time the leucocytes pass through the vessel wall—emigration of leucocytes—and move towards the seat of infection, giving rise to a marked degree of local leucocytosis. Manual of Surgery Volume First: General Surgery. Sixth Edition.

Numerous polymorpho-nuclear leucocytes, which have wandered from the vessels, are also present in the spaces. Manual of Surgery Volume First: General Surgery. Sixth Edition.

In the cases in which a diminution of the leucocytes in the blood is found, it is the result of a repulsion of the leucocytes by the bodies mentioned, negative chemiotaxis. Histology of the Blood Normal and Pathological

It results in an increase in the reactive changes around the tuberculous focus, an increase in the immigration of leucocytes, and infiltration with the lymphocytes. Manual of Surgery Volume First: General Surgery. Sixth Edition.

Other forms of leucocytes may be present, especially in long-standing suppurations; and there are usually some red corpuscles, dead bacteria, fat cells and shreds of tissue, cholestrol crystals, and other detritus in the deposit. Manual of Surgery Volume First: General Surgery. Sixth Edition.

There is a moderate degree of leucocytosis, but the increase is due not to the polymorpho-nuclear leucocytes but to lymphocytes. Manual of Surgery Volume First: General Surgery. Sixth Edition.

The vital reaction induced by such irritation results in dilatation of the vessels of the part, emigration of leucocytes, transudation of lymph, and certain proliferative changes in the fixed tissue cells. Manual of Surgery Volume First: General Surgery. Sixth Edition.

Löwit for instance found that when substances of this kind are injected, two different stages can be distinguished in the behaviour of the leucocytes. Histology of the Blood Normal and Pathological

Leucocytosis is usually well marked before the injection of antitoxin; after the injection there is usually a diminution in the number of leucocytes. Manual of Surgery Volume First: General Surgery. Sixth Edition.

In exceptionally acute septic conditions the extreme virulence of the toxins may prevent the leucocytes reacting, and leucocytosis may be absent. Manual of Surgery Volume First: General Surgery. Sixth Edition.

单词	leucocyte
例句	leucocyte Some cells, including some leucocytes in humans, are able to engulf food by endocytosis—the formation of vesicles by involution of the cell membrane within the cells. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z They found evidence for strong positive selection on the regulatory region of the human leucocyte antigen gene HLA-DQA1 in the ancient population. Ancient DNA reveals genetic legacy of pandemics in the Americas 2016-12-19T05:00:00Z Unlike HIV, which only infects two types of immune cells, Ebola first infects the leucocytes, the white cells that patrol the blood and lymph system. Ebola: the race to find a vaccine 2014-10-26T04:00:00Z It was found that the tissues were attacked by phagocytic cells that became enlarged and carried away fragments of the tissue; the cells were subsequently identified as leucocytes or blood-cells. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 13, Slice 4 "Hero" to "Hindu Chronology" 2012-04-04T02:00:56.447Z The fluid from these contained very numerous cells indistinguishable from leucocytes. A System of Practical Medicine by American Authors, Vol. I Volume 1: Pathology and General Diseases 2012-03-17T02:00:54.097Z Simply because the red corpuscles that rule our destinies are, when dynamic, mighty breeders of hope; if the powers and principalities of darkness prevail, our guardian angels, the phagocytes, are dominated by the leucocytes. Unicorns 2012-03-14T02:00:26.677Z The skin under the postage stamps was thickened, necrotic, of a yellowish-white colour, puffy with the serum of the blood and leucocytes, and surrounded by an intensely red zone of inflammation. Essays In Pastoral Medicine 2012-03-05T03:00:09.993Z There are no leucocytes as in ordinary pus. Arteriosclerosis and Hypertension: with Chapters on Blood Pressure, 3rd Edition. 2011-10-11T02:01:07.890Z The blood shows two important changes—first, a fall in the alkalinity due to the products of disintegration of protoplasm; and, secondly, an increase in the number of leucocytes, and chiefly in the polymorpho-nuclear variety. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 10, Slice 3 "Fenton, Edward" to "Finistere" 2011-03-14T03:01:00.580Z Except in the mildest cases the Schneiderian membrane also participates in the inflammation as the disease advances, so that a thin, irritating discharge, containing leucocytes or pus-cells, flows from the nostrils. A System of Practical Medicine by American Authors, Vol. I Volume 1: Pathology and General Diseases 2012-03-17T02:00:54.097Z Like quinine, it arrests the normal amoeboid movements of the polymorphonuclear leucocytes, and has a definite antiperiodic action; but it is a very poor substitute for quinine in malaria. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 9, Slice 8 "Ethiopia" to "Evangelical Association" 2011-03-05T03:00:24.537Z If glycogen is present in solution in the plasma it is there in very small quantities only, and has probably arisen from the destruction of the white blood corpuscles, since some leucocytes undoubtedly contain glycogen. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 4, Slice 1 "Bisharin" to "Bohea" The leucocytes force their way through the walls of the capillaries and travel towards these germs. American Red Cross Text-Book on Home Hygiene and Care of the Sick This process is known as coagulation necrosis, and the resulting fibroid mass, containing in its meshes the necrosed and degenerated epithelium and leucocytes, constitutes the diphtheritic or false membrane. Special Report on Diseases of Cattle The exudation contains not only dead leucocytes and interlacing fibres, but is also provided with abundant granular material, much of which presents the well-known peculiarities of microscopic organisms. A System of Practical Medicine by American Authors, Vol. I Volume 1: Pathology and General Diseases 2012-03-17T02:00:54.097Z In a case of acute widely distributed urticaria, A. Lazarus found the eosinophils increased to 60% of the leucocytes, a number which after the course of a few days again sank to normal. Histology of the Blood Normal and Pathological The Lymphocyte.—This is the smallest leucocyte, being only about 0.0065 mm. in diameter. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 4, Slice 1 "Bisharin" to "Bohea" Note the dumb-bell shape of the leucocytes as they pass through the minute holes in the capillary walls, and their pseudopods as they travel towards their common destination, attracted by the poison from the germs. American Red Cross Text-Book on Home Hygiene and Care of the Sick There is an increase in the number of leucocytes in the cerebro-spinal fluid, and organisms also are found in the fluid. Manual of Surgery Volume Second: Extremities—Head—Neck. Sixth Edition. Arnold represents the most strenuous advocates of the stomata theory, according to which the leucocytes pass through canals normally existing in the wall. A System of Practical Medicine by American Authors, Vol. I Volume 1: Pathology and General Diseases 2012-03-17T02:00:54.097Z For if in the places in question substances are present which act chemiotactically on the eosinophil leucocytes, in the course of time marked accumulation must occur, without an increase of their number in the blood. Histology of the Blood Normal and Pathological The number and nature of the leucocytes in the blood bears no constant or necessary relation to the number or condition of the red corpuscles, and their variations depend on entirely different conditions. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 4, Slice 1 "Bisharin" to "Bohea" The poison of the germs has killed all the leucocytes and also all the cutis immediately around them, and now digestive fluids from the dead leucocytes is turning the whole dead mass into liquid pus. American Red Cross Text-Book on Home Hygiene and Care of the Sick This clot is soon permeated by newly formed blood vessels, and by leucocytes and fibroblasts, the latter being derived from proliferation of the cells of the marrow and periosteum. Manual of Surgery Volume Second: Extremities—Head—Neck. Sixth Edition. The leucocytes of the body, whether found as white blood-corpuscles or lymph-corpuscles, or as the wandering cells of connective tissue, are, as Virchow has indicated, such indifferent cells. A System of Practical Medicine by American Authors, Vol. I Volume 1: Pathology and General Diseases 2012-03-17T02:00:54.097Z For, as has been seen in the ordinary polynuclear leucocytes, the immigrated polynuclear eosinophils may similarly change to mononuclear cells; they may perhaps settle down, and approximate to the character of fixed connective tissue cells. Histology of the Blood Normal and Pathological It forms from 15 to 40% of the number of leucocytes, and is less markedly amoeboid than the other varieties. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 4, Slice 1 "Bisharin" to "Bohea" The migration of leucocytes has continued until now they form a dense mass surrounding the germs. American Red Cross Text-Book on Home Hygiene and Care of the Sick The crypts are distended with yellowish-white plugs, composed of inflammatory exudate, leucocytes, and desquamated epithelium, and these may project from the openings, giving the tonsil a spotted appearance. Manual of Surgery Volume Second: Extremities—Head—Neck. Sixth Edition. The exudation, on the contrary, is highly albuminous, though less so than the blood-plasma; it contains numerous leucocytes and much fibrin; under ordinary circumstances there are but few red blood-corpuscles. A System of Practical Medicine by American Authors, Vol. I Volume 1: Pathology and General Diseases 2012-03-17T02:00:54.097Z Only in one case did he find the figures of nuclear division somewhat more abundant, where there was one mitosis only to several hundreds of leucocytes. Histology of the Blood Normal and Pathological Though the relative proportions of the leucocytes are probably continually undergoing change even in health, especially as the result of taking food, the number of red corpuscles remains much more constant. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 4, Slice 1 "Bisharin" to "Bohea" The minute neutrophile granules of the polymorphonuclear leucocytes are often very scanty, and sometimes apparently absent. The Elements of Bacteriological Technique A Laboratory Guide for Medical, Dental, and Technical Students. Second Edition Rewritten and Enlarged. Degeneration and death of cells, haemorrhages, serous and fibrinous exudations, leucocyte emigration, proliferation of connective tissue and other cells, may be mentioned as some of the fundamental changes. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 3, Part 1, Slice 2 "Baconthorpe" to "Bankruptcy" The properties of the effusion and exudation are quite different, the former having a small percentage of albumen, but few leucocytes, with a corresponding absence of fibrin, and few or many red blood-corpuscles. A System of Practical Medicine by American Authors, Vol. I Volume 1: Pathology and General Diseases 2012-03-17T02:00:54.097Z Apart from the degree of increase of the leucocytes, no one case is the same as another with regard to the other anomalies. Histology of the Blood Normal and Pathological Thrombogen is produced from the leucocytes, but it is not yet certain whether it is also formed from the platelets. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 4, Slice 1 "Bisharin" to "Bohea" The granules of the cells corresponding to the polymorphonuclear leucocytes are rod-shaped, often beaded or with clubbed ends. The Elements of Bacteriological Technique A Laboratory Guide for Medical, Dental, and Technical Students. Second Edition Rewritten and Enlarged. Whether bacteria will be destroyed or not after they have been ingested by the leucocytes will depend upon the digestive powers of the latter, and these probably vary in different species of animals. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 3, Part 1, Slice 2 "Baconthorpe" to "Bankruptcy" Both varieties may result from the enlargement of leucocytes by fusion or by the assimilation of nutriment. A System of Practical Medicine by American Authors, Vol. I Volume 1: Pathology and General Diseases 2012-03-17T02:00:54.097Z According to these authors, under the influence of febrile diseases the total number of leucocytes may be enormously decreased. Histology of the Blood Normal and Pathological They are highly amoeboid and phagocytic, and form about 70% of the total number of leucocytes. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 4, Slice 1 "Bisharin" to "Bohea" The cells probably corresponding to eosinophile leucocytes have fine coccal-shaped granules, faintly staining eosinophile or neutrophile. The Elements of Bacteriological Technique A Laboratory Guide for Medical, Dental, and Technical Students. Second Edition Rewritten and Enlarged. The number of bacteria contained within a number of, say fifty, leucocytes can be counted and the average taken. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 3, Part 1, Slice 2 "Baconthorpe" to "Bankruptcy" According to the observations of Zahn, the nucleus of certain thrombi is the result of the death of these leucocytes and their accumulation upon an altered intima. A System of Practical Medicine by American Authors, Vol. I Volume 1: Pathology and General Diseases 2012-03-17T02:00:54.097Z On the presence of iron in the granules of the eosinophil leucocytes. Histology of the Blood Normal and Pathological Not only does the clotting process start from the layers containing the leucocytes and platelets, but in them it also proceeds more quickly. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 4, Slice 1 "Bisharin" to "Bohea" Rat.—The fine rod-shaped granules of the polymorphonuclear leucocytes are usually very faintly stained. The Elements of Bacteriological Technique A Laboratory Guide for Medical, Dental, and Technical Students. Second Edition Rewritten and Enlarged. The average number of bacteria contained within leucocytes in the case tested, divided by the number given by the normal serum, is called the phagocytic index. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 3, Part 1, Slice 2 "Baconthorpe" to "Bankruptcy" The leucocytes may return to the blood-vessels or enter the lymphatics; the latter course probably being the one taken by the larger number of the corpuscles. A System of Practical Medicine by American Authors, Vol. I Volume 1: Pathology and General Diseases 2012-03-17T02:00:54.097Z The stain, which only requires a small fixation, is completed in a few minutes, and colours the nuclei green, the red blood corpuscles red, the protoplasm of the leucocytes fuchsin colour. Histology of the Blood Normal and Pathological In human blood the following varieties of leucocytes may be distinguished:— 1. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 4, Slice 1 "Bisharin" to "Bohea" The granules of those cells which correspond to polymorphonuclear leucocytes are rod-shaped, but smaller and finer than in the fowl, and do not show clubbed appearances. The Elements of Bacteriological Technique A Laboratory Guide for Medical, Dental, and Technical Students. Second Edition Rewritten and Enlarged. They further showed that this substance acted by combining with the organisms and apparently producing some alteration in them; on the other hand it had no direct action on the leucocytes. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 3, Part 1, Slice 2 "Baconthorpe" to "Bankruptcy" But he does not say why it is that there is no such coagulation in suppurative processes, where the leucocytes are more numerous. A System of Practical Medicine by American Authors, Vol. I Volume 1: Pathology and General Diseases 2012-03-17T02:00:54.097Z On the contrary the protoplasm of the leucocytes is always alkaline, and the largest amount of alkali is held by the protoplasm of the lymphocytes. Histology of the Blood Normal and Pathological The cells amount to about 2% of the total number of leucocytes, though the proportion varies considerably. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 4, Slice 1 "Bisharin" to "Bohea" Remove the supernatant saline solution as nearly down to the level of the leucocytes as can be safely done without removing any of the leucocytes. The Elements of Bacteriological Technique A Laboratory Guide for Medical, Dental, and Technical Students. Second Edition Rewritten and Enlarged. There is some evidence that in certain cases anti-substances may act upon the leucocytes, and to these the name of "stimulins" has been given. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 3, Part 1, Slice 2 "Baconthorpe" to "Bankruptcy" Formerly, some persons held the white granules to be leucocytes, but the greater number agree that they are mainly epithelial fragments. A System of Practical Medicine by American Authors, Vol. I Volume 1: Pathology and General Diseases 2012-03-17T02:00:54.097Z As we have mentioned this was due to the circumstance that an exact differentiation of the various forms of leucocytes was very difficult with the methods in use up to that time. Histology of the Blood Normal and Pathological It constitutes about 4% of all the leucocytes and is highly amoeboid and phagocytic. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 4, Slice 1 "Bisharin" to "Bohea" Starting at one end of the film move the slide slowly across the microscope stage and as each leucocyte comes into view count and record the number of ingested bacteria. The Elements of Bacteriological Technique A Laboratory Guide for Medical, Dental, and Technical Students. Second Edition Rewritten and Enlarged. While in immunity there probably occurs no marked change in the leucocytes themselves, it must be admitted that the increased destruction of bacteria by these cells is of the highest importance. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 3, Part 1, Slice 2 "Baconthorpe" to "Bankruptcy" He found that the alkalinity of the blood was slightly diminished, and the number of leucocytes somewhat decreased. Alcohol: A Dangerous and Unnecessary Medicine, How and Why What Medical Writers Say In spite of these advances, a retrograde movement in the doctrine of the leucocytes has gained ground surprisingly, especially in the last few years. Histology of the Blood Normal and Pathological As haemoglobin is the medium of respiratory interchange, its diminution causes obvious symptoms, which are much more easily appreciated by the patient than those caused by alterations in the plasma or the leucocytes. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 4, Slice 1 "Bisharin" to "Bohea" Mouse.—The granules of the polymorphonuclear leucocytes are usually not stained, or only very faintly so. The Elements of Bacteriological Technique A Laboratory Guide for Medical, Dental, and Technical Students. Second Edition Rewritten and Enlarged. Evidence has been brought forward within recent years that the leucocytes may constitute an important source of the antagonistic substances which appear in the serum. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 3, Part 1, Slice 2 "Baconthorpe" to "Bankruptcy" There can be little doubt, either, that we are continually taking into our systems bacilli of all sorts, and that, again, disease is averted by the activity of the germ-devouring leucocytes. Alcohol: A Dangerous and Unnecessary Medicine, How and Why What Medical Writers Say Ever since Virchow's description of the lymphocytes, observers have tried to separate the various forms of leucocytes one from another, and if possible to assign different places of origin to these different kinds. Histology of the Blood Normal and Pathological The anaemia accompanying the disease is due partly to the leucocyte overgrowth, which takes up the space in the marrow belonging of right to red corpuscle formation and interferes with it. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 4, Slice 1 "Bisharin" to "Bohea" Find the edge of the blood film—along this the bulk of the leucocytes will be collected. The Elements of Bacteriological Technique A Laboratory Guide for Medical, Dental, and Technical Students. Second Edition Rewritten and Enlarged. The behaviour of certain cells, especially leucocytes, in infective conditions led Metchnikoff to place great importance on phagocytosis. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 3, Part 1, Slice 2 "Baconthorpe" to "Bankruptcy" Finally, he points out how necessary it is that we should respect the integrity of the leucocytes in the presence of microbic infections or intoxications. Alcohol: A Dangerous and Unnecessary Medicine, How and Why What Medical Writers Say Sharply to be distinguished from the lymphocytes is the second group: the "large mononuclear leucocytes." Histology of the Blood Normal and Pathological An increase is very much more frequent, and is known as leucocytosis, though in this term is usually connoted a relative increase in the proportion of the polymorphonuclear neutrophile leucocytes. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 4, Slice 1 "Bisharin" to "Bohea" When an obstruction appeared, as a fallen leaf, across the great sandy track, a dozen, or twenty or a hundred workers gathered—like leucocytes—and removed the interfering object. Edge of the Jungle Thus the apparent increased activity of the leucocytes is due to a preliminary effect of the opsonins on the bacteria. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 3, Part 1, Slice 2 "Baconthorpe" to "Bankruptcy" It is well known that the moment the leucocytes are submitted to an alcoholic solution, their ameboid movements cease, and their function is arrested. Alcohol: A Dangerous and Unnecessary Medicine, How and Why What Medical Writers Say The number of polynuclear leucocytes in the blood of the healthy adult amounts to about 70-72%, of the total white corpuscles. Histology of the Blood Normal and Pathological The disease in which the number of leucocytes in the blood is greatest is leucocythaemia or leucaemia. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 4, Slice 1 "Bisharin" to "Bohea" The leucocytes are a little high, the red cell count is a little low, the hemoglobin shows a little high on the colorimeter, but none of ’em seems enough to do any harm. Cum Grano Salis When we say this fluid is composed of certain anatomical elements, as the plasma, red corpuscles, leucocytes and granules, we go a step further in the problem of vitality. Report on Surgery to the Santa Clara County Medical Society Dr. J. J. Ridge, of London, has learned through his experiments that alcohol not only hinders the leucocytes in their war upon disease germs, but also tends to the multiplication of germs. Alcohol: A Dangerous and Unnecessary Medicine, How and Why What Medical Writers Say Among anatomical papers we may refer to those of Gulland, according to whom all varieties of leucocytes are but different stages of development of one and the same element. Histology of the Blood Normal and Pathological The difference lies in the kind of leucocytes present in excess in the blood, blood-forming organs and deposits in the tissues. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 4, Slice 1 "Bisharin" to "Bohea" Smathers scowled and bent over his microscope to count more leucocytes. Cum Grano Salis Microscopic examination of blood corroborative of Metschnikoff's theory of fighting leucocytes. "Where Angels Fear to Tread" and Other Stories of the Sea The antagonism of alcohol to the fundamental functions of life is further exhibited by its action on the cellular elements of living tissues and the free cells or leucocytes of the blood. Alcohol: A Dangerous and Unnecessary Medicine, How and Why What Medical Writers Say He says that a distinction between so-called lymphocytes and the leucocytes with polymorphous nuclei, on the grounds of the form of the cell and nature of the nucleus, is not possible at the present time. Histology of the Blood Normal and Pathological And, curiously enough, the less numerous of the two great classes, the white, or leucocytes, are in appearance, structure, pseudopodic movements, and even method of engulfing food, almost exact replicas of their most primitive ancestor. Preventable Diseases The change in character of the lochial discharge is due to the quantity of blood decreasing and its place being taken by fatty granules and leucocytes. Aids to Forensic Medicine and Toxicology White Corpuscles.—The white corpuscles, or leucocytes, are cells of a general spherical shape, each containing one, two, or more nuclei. Physiology and Hygiene for Secondary Schools Now, among the most important of the phagocytes just enumerated are the leucocytes. Alcohol: A Dangerous and Unnecessary Medicine, How and Why What Medical Writers Say It was therefore necessary to obtain a method which would show alterations in the absolute number of the individual forms of leucocytes. Histology of the Blood Normal and Pathological Or if, as often happens, an antitoxin is formed, which protects the whole body, this is largely built out of substances set free from the bodies of slain leucocytes. Preventable Diseases Along the course of the lymph trunks are the lymph glands, which possess a definite capsule and are composed of a reticulated connective tissue, the spaces of which are packed with leucocytes. Manual of Surgery Volume First: General Surgery. Sixth Edition. The wonderful migration of the leucocytes, which seems to show a conscious protective action on their part, takes place under the action of conditions which influence the movement of cells. Disease and Its Causes Now, two of the great functions of leucocytes under ordinary conditions are those of policing and scavenging. Alcohol: A Dangerous and Unnecessary Medicine, How and Why What Medical Writers Say It is especially important that the mononuclear and the leucocytes associated with them, undergo no increase. Histology of the Blood Normal and Pathological Into the wedge-shaped, elastic clot which now fills the wound from bottom to top like jelly in a mould, the leucocytes or white blood-cells promptly migrate and convert it into a mesh of living cells. Preventable Diseases In this digestion leucocytosis the increase is chiefly in the polynuclear neutrophile leucocytes. Manual of Surgery Volume First: General Surgery. Sixth Edition. The amboceptors so necessary for the destructive action of the serum are produced by the body cells, particularly the leucocytes. Disease and Its Causes In the small patent vessels around this commencing abscess numerous leucocytes, far in excess of the usual proportion, may be seen—the nearer the abscess, the more numerous they become. Alcohol: A Dangerous and Unnecessary Medicine, How and Why What Medical Writers Say This view finds its best support in the fact that the polynuclear leucocytes possess lively amœboid movement, which is completely wanting in the lymphocytes. Histology of the Blood Normal and Pathological The collodion capsule permitted the fluids of the body to enter and provide food for the bacilli, but prevented the admission of the leucocytes to attack and destroy them. Preventable Diseases Lactation has no appreciable effect on the number of leucocytes. Manual of Surgery Volume First: General Surgery. Sixth Edition. In many cases, however, those penetrating became enclosed in cells which the body cavity contains and which correspond with the leucocytes of the blood; in these the spores were digested and destroyed. Disease and Its Causes Here then are the changes in the epithelium plus increase in the number of leucocytes. Alcohol: A Dangerous and Unnecessary Medicine, How and Why What Medical Writers Say It consequently follows from clinical and morphological researches, as well as from the observations on inflammatory processes, that the lymphocytes are in no way connected with the polynuclear leucocytes. Histology of the Blood Normal and Pathological Surely now the regular leucocyte cavalry have them at their mercy, and can cut them down at leisure. Preventable Diseases From the addition of a sufficient number of leucocytes, the contents may resemble the pus of an ordinary abscess. Manual of Surgery Volume First: General Surgery. Sixth Edition. Such natural immunity seemed to be unconnected with defence by phagocytosis, for the leucocytes of the animal might or might not have phagocytic reaction to the particular organisms to which the animal was immune. Disease and Its Causes Among the more recent findings of science in regard to the effects of alcohol are the action of this drug upon the leucocytes or “guardian cells” of the body. Alcohol: A Dangerous and Unnecessary Medicine, How and Why What Medical Writers Say Here also the same process of ripening can be seen in the polynuclear eosinophil leucocytes. Histology of the Blood Normal and Pathological This is an example of the way in which one species of bacteria may actually aid the white cells, or leucocytes, and the tissues in repelling an invasion of disease-producing microbes. Scientific American Supplement, No. 810, July 11, 1891 Leucocytosis.—Most bacterial diseases, as well as certain other pathological conditions, are associated with an increase in the number of leucocytes in the blood throughout the circulatory system. Manual of Surgery Volume First: General Surgery. Sixth Edition. Large numbers of leucocytes which give protection by phagocytosis are constantly passing to the surface, and there is also a constant stream of fluid towards the surface. Disease and Its Causes The white corpuscles of the blood are leucocytes. Alcohol: A Dangerous and Unnecessary Medicine, How and Why What Medical Writers Say No definite statement can as yet be made as to the places of formation of the non-granulated large mononuclear leucocytes. Histology of the Blood Normal and Pathological You sink brutishly into an armchair, warm your legs at the fire, and let the leucocytes and phagocytes fight it out. Shandygaff Absence of Leucocytosis—Leucopenia.—In certain infective diseases the number of leucocytes in the circulating blood is abnormally low—3000 or 4000—and this condition is known as leucopenia. Manual of Surgery Volume First: General Surgery. Sixth Edition. The studies were carried further into the diseases of the higher animals, and it was found the leucocytes in these played the same part as did the cells in the body cavity of the daphnea. Disease and Its Causes There can be little doubt that the state of immunity which one attack of certain fevers confers against future attacks depends partly upon what is called the phagocytic action of leucocytes. Alcohol: A Dangerous and Unnecessary Medicine, How and Why What Medical Writers Say Nothnagel conjectured that the formation of the scanty nucleated red blood corpuscles occurred vicariously in the spleen, that of the leucocytes in the lymph glands. Histology of the Blood Normal and Pathological They tell me there are leucocytes in my blood, and sodium and carbon in my flesh. Back to Methuselah The Iodine or Glycogen Reaction.—The leucocyte count may be supplemented by staining films of the blood with a watery solution of iodine and potassium iodide. Manual of Surgery Volume First: General Surgery. Sixth Edition. The presence in the injured part of bacteria or of injured and dead cells exerts an attraction for the leucocytes within the vessels causing their migration. Disease and Its Causes Thus the leucocytes make their way to what is to become the wall of the abscess, and form a layer around a mass of micro-organisms, localizing, or attempting to localize, such mass. Alcohol: A Dangerous and Unnecessary Medicine, How and Why What Medical Writers Say This view receives support from the careful work of Reinbach on the behaviour of the leucocytes in malignant tumours. Histology of the Blood Normal and Pathological When the causal irritant has been excessively severe and the migration of leucocytes abundant, actual formation of pus may occur, the bony tissue being broken down and mingled with it, and an abscess cavity formed. Diseases of the Horse's Foot The protective effects of the inflammatory reaction depend for the most part upon the transudation of lymph and the emigration of leucocytes. Manual of Surgery Volume First: General Surgery. Sixth Edition. The numbers present depend much upon the character of the agent which has produced the injury, and they may be more numerous than the ordinary leucocytes which migrate from the blood vessels. Disease and Its Causes So long as the leucocytes can make their way to this mass, and shut it off from the surrounding tissue, so long we shall have no extension of the abscess. Alcohol: A Dangerous and Unnecessary Medicine, How and Why What Medical Writers Say The polynuclear leucocytes are produced in the bone-marrow, consequently where the bone-marrow is destroyed, as in this case, it is clear that their numbers must be absolutely very much diminished in the blood. Histology of the Blood Normal and Pathological These white corpuscles are also known as leucocytes, and their increase in number when they are called upon to resist bacterial invasion is spoken of as hyperleucocytosis. Beacon Lights of History, Volume 14 The New Era; A Supplementary Volume, by Recent Writers, as Set Forth in the Preface and Table of Contents The toxins of the streptococci are exceedingly virulent, and induce local death of tissue so rapidly that the protective emigration of leucocytes fails to take place. Manual of Surgery Volume First: General Surgery. Sixth Edition. The direction of motion is due to stimulation of that part of the body of the leucocyte which is towards the source of the stimulus. Disease and Its Causes We see at once the part that the leucocytes play in attacking micro-organisms, and of localizing their action. Alcohol: A Dangerous and Unnecessary Medicine, How and Why What Medical Writers Say As will be shewn in detail in the following chapter, neutrophil and eosinophil leucocytes behave quite differently in their susceptibility to chemiotactic stimulation. Histology of the Blood Normal and Pathological It is probable that the sensitive and travelling leucocytes of our invertebrate ancestors have powerfully co-operated for millions of years in the phylogenesis of the advancing animal organisation. The Evolution of Man — Volume 2 Within a few hours the peritoneal surfaces are glued together by a thin layer of fibrin and leucocytes, which is speedily organised and replaced by fibrous tissue. Manual of Surgery Volume First: General Surgery. Sixth Edition. The leucocytes as free moving cells also come under the influence of such tropisms. Disease and Its Causes Then a little distance away from the toxin and toxin-forming organisms, the leucocytes are coming up in large numbers, forming a sort of protecting army, as it were. Alcohol: A Dangerous and Unnecessary Medicine, How and Why What Medical Writers Say This elimination of the granules is probably one of the most important functions of the polynuclear leucocytes. Histology of the Blood Normal and Pathological It has been shown by the discoveries of the last few decades that these leucocytes are of the greatest physiological and pathological consequence to the organism. The Evolution of Man — Volume 2 If the labour is normal and the puerperium uncomplicated, the number of leucocytes regains the normal in about a week. Manual of Surgery Volume First: General Surgery. Sixth Edition. The morphological character of leucocytosis is certainly not simple, and we must sharply separate various groups, according to the kind of leucocyte increased. Histology of the Blood Normal and Pathological Inflammation surrounding a wound is regarded as caused by the influx and multiplication of leucocytes to engulf and destroy septic bacilli which have gained entrance from the air, a ‘local war’ of defence. Alcohol: A Dangerous and Unnecessary Medicine, How and Why What Medical Writers Say Virchow designated by the name "Leucocytosis," a transient increase in the number of the leucocytes in the blood; and taught that it occurred in many physiological and pathological conditions. Histology of the Blood Normal and Pathological In general the majority of blood poisons, potassium chlorate, the derivatives of phenyl hydrazin, pyrodin, phenacetin call forth even in man a considerable increase of the leucocytes besides the destruction of the red blood corpuscles. Histology of the Blood Normal and Pathological Through the openings by which the leucocytes have escaped from the vessels, red corpuscles may be passively extruded—diapedesis of red corpuscles. Manual of Surgery Volume First: General Surgery. Sixth Edition. Thus Rieder failed to observe any contractility in the majority of polynuclear leucocytes in a case of malignant lymphoma, whereas according to all other observations they possess this property without exception. Histology of the Blood Normal and Pathological At the same time its products are very potent in destroying the tissues in their vicinity, and so interfering with the exudation of leucocytes which would otherwise exercise their protective influence. Manual of Surgery Volume First: General Surgery. Sixth Edition. The issue of an infectious disease would chiefly depend on whether the number of leucocytes in the blood is sufficient for this purpose. Histology of the Blood Normal and Pathological During the first twelve hours, the minute vessels in the vicinity of the wound dilate, and from them lymph exudes and leucocytes migrate into the tissues. Manual of Surgery Volume First: General Surgery. Sixth Edition. If the bacteria gain the upper hand, this process of liquefaction which is characteristic of suppuration, extends into the surrounding tissues, the protective barrier of leucocytes is broken down, and the suppurative process spreads. Manual of Surgery Volume First: General Surgery. Sixth Edition. As lymph and leucocytes escape from the exposed surface there is a certain amount of serous or sero-purulent discharge. Manual of Surgery Volume First: General Surgery. Sixth Edition. In estimating the clinical importance of a leucocytosis, it is not sufficient merely to count the aggregate number of leucocytes present. Manual of Surgery Volume First: General Surgery. Sixth Edition. An explanation of the almost constant increase of the leucocytes of the blood in bacterial diseases is given by the chemiotactic as well as by the phagocytic theory of leucocytosis. Histology of the Blood Normal and Pathological The arrest of the inflammation and its resolution are accompanied by a fall in the number of leucocytes, while the occurrence of suppuration is attended with a further increase in their number. Manual of Surgery Volume First: General Surgery. Sixth Edition. A fresh accession of leucocytes, however, forms a new barrier, and eventually the spread is arrested, and the collection of pus so hemmed in constitutes an abscess. Manual of Surgery Volume First: General Surgery. Sixth Edition. In course of time the leucocytes pass through the vessel wall—emigration of leucocytes—and move towards the seat of infection, giving rise to a marked degree of local leucocytosis. Manual of Surgery Volume First: General Surgery. Sixth Edition. Numerous polymorpho-nuclear leucocytes, which have wandered from the vessels, are also present in the spaces. Manual of Surgery Volume First: General Surgery. Sixth Edition. In the cases in which a diminution of the leucocytes in the blood is found, it is the result of a repulsion of the leucocytes by the bodies mentioned, negative chemiotaxis. Histology of the Blood Normal and Pathological It results in an increase in the reactive changes around the tuberculous focus, an increase in the immigration of leucocytes, and infiltration with the lymphocytes. Manual of Surgery Volume First: General Surgery. Sixth Edition. Other forms of leucocytes may be present, especially in long-standing suppurations; and there are usually some red corpuscles, dead bacteria, fat cells and shreds of tissue, cholestrol crystals, and other detritus in the deposit. Manual of Surgery Volume First: General Surgery. Sixth Edition. There is a moderate degree of leucocytosis, but the increase is due not to the polymorpho-nuclear leucocytes but to lymphocytes. Manual of Surgery Volume First: General Surgery. Sixth Edition. The vital reaction induced by such irritation results in dilatation of the vessels of the part, emigration of leucocytes, transudation of lymph, and certain proliferative changes in the fixed tissue cells. Manual of Surgery Volume First: General Surgery. Sixth Edition. Löwit for instance found that when substances of this kind are injected, two different stages can be distinguished in the behaviour of the leucocytes. Histology of the Blood Normal and Pathological Leucocytosis is usually well marked before the injection of antitoxin; after the injection there is usually a diminution in the number of leucocytes. Manual of Surgery Volume First: General Surgery. Sixth Edition. In exceptionally acute septic conditions the extreme virulence of the toxins may prevent the leucocytes reacting, and leucocytosis may be absent. Manual of Surgery Volume First: General Surgery. Sixth Edition.
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