| 单词 | Leibniz |
| 例句 | On the other hand, Leibniz reveled in the infinitesimal. Zero: The Biography of a Dangerous Idea 2000-02-07T00:00:00Z Yet in the years after 1704 a bitter dispute broke out between them as to whether Leibniz had seen a manuscript of Newton’s and stolen his ideas. The Invention of Science 2015-09-17T00:00:00Z The two promptly accused each other of plagiarism, and the English mathematical community, which backed Newton, pulled away from the Continental mathematicians, who supported Leibniz. Zero: The Biography of a Dangerous Idea 2000-02-07T00:00:00Z L’Hôpital bought himself the best teacher that money could buy: Johann Bernoulli, a Swiss mathematician and one of the early masters of Leibniz’s calculus of infinitesimals. Zero: The Biography of a Dangerous Idea 2000-02-07T00:00:00Z As a result, the English stuck to Newton’s fluxion notation rather than adopting Leibniz’s superior differential notation—cutting off their noses to spite their faces. Zero: The Biography of a Dangerous Idea 2000-02-07T00:00:00Z Where Newton wrote ox, Leibniz wrote dx—an infinitesimally tiny little piece of x. Zero: The Biography of a Dangerous Idea 2000-02-07T00:00:00Z Instead of dividing by zero as Newton and Leibniz did, modern mathematicians divide by a number that they let approach zero. Zero: The Biography of a Dangerous Idea 2000-02-07T00:00:00Z This gave rise to a further dispute as to whether Leibniz had arrived at his theories, as he claimed, independently, or had cobbled them together on the basis of a reading of the Principia. The Invention of Science 2015-09-17T00:00:00Z Indeed, his account of Leibniz’s conflict with Newton is not symmetrical, since Leibniz was a plagiarist and Newton was not. The Invention of Science 2015-09-17T00:00:00Z The inventors of calculus, Isaac Newton and Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz, created the most powerful mathematical method ever by dividing by zero and adding an infinite number of zeros together. Zero: The Biography of a Dangerous Idea 2000-02-07T00:00:00Z Leibniz’s calculus had the same power as Newton's, and thanks to its notation, even a bit more. Zero: The Biography of a Dangerous Idea 2000-02-07T00:00:00Z In this respect, Leibniz was indeed a plagiarist. The Invention of Science 2015-09-17T00:00:00Z With Leibniz’s calculus, these dys and dxs can be manipulated just like ordinary numbers, which is why modern mathematicians and physicists usually use Leibniz’s notation rather than Newton’s. Zero: The Biography of a Dangerous Idea 2000-02-07T00:00:00Z Any number can be written as a string of zeros and ones; to Leibniz, this was the creation ex nihilo, the creation of the universe out of nothing more than God/1 and void/0. Zero: The Biography of a Dangerous Idea 2000-02-07T00:00:00Z Newton’s and Leibniz’s calculus depends upon dividing by zero—and on numbers that miraculously disappear when you square them. Zero: The Biography of a Dangerous Idea 2000-02-07T00:00:00Z These infinitesimals survived unchanged throughout Leibniz’s calculations; indeed the derivative of y with respect to x was not the infinitesimal-free ratio of fluxions y/x, but the ratio of infinitesimals dy/dx. Zero: The Biography of a Dangerous Idea 2000-02-07T00:00:00Z Two years later Leibniz published an alternative theory. The Invention of Science 2015-09-17T00:00:00Z Looking back, it appears that Leibniz formulated his version independently of Newton, though the matter is still being debated. Zero: The Biography of a Dangerous Idea 2000-02-07T00:00:00Z Leibniz likened i to the Holy Spirit: both have an ethereal and barely substantial existence. Zero: The Biography of a Dangerous Idea 2000-02-07T00:00:00Z By the time he published it, in 1693, he was well behind Leibniz, who had published his somewhat different version in 1684. The Invention of Science 2015-09-17T00:00:00Z Of course, Newton may have been biased against Papin because Papin was a friend of Leibniz, with whom Newton was increasingly coming into conflict. The Invention of Science 2015-09-17T00:00:00Z As it happens, Denis Papin, who had qualified as a doctor, was the first to describe the placebo and the placebo effect, in a letter to Leibniz, 11 or 12 August 1704. The Invention of Science 2015-09-17T00:00:00Z In the meantime, while Newton sat upon his discovery, Leibniz developed his own calculus. Zero: The Biography of a Dangerous Idea 2000-02-07T00:00:00Z Nevertheless, underneath all the mathematics, Leibniz’s differentials still had the same forbidden 0/0 nature that plagued Newton’s fluxions. Zero: The Biography of a Dangerous Idea 2000-02-07T00:00:00Z But even Leibniz didn’t realize that i would finally reveal the relationship between zero and infinity. Zero: The Biography of a Dangerous Idea 2000-02-07T00:00:00Z Leibniz believed that the reform of mathematical symbols would improve reasoning just as effectively as the telescope had improved sight. The Invention of Science 2015-09-17T00:00:00Z I was still naïve and answered as though he had asked me what I think of Leibniz. A witch hunt or a quest for justice: An insider’s perspective on disgraced academic Avital Ronell 2018-09-08T04:00:00Z At the height of the Enlightenment, Gottfried Leibniz recoiled at the “horrible mass of books that keeps on growing,” concerned that there might be no end “to books continuing to increase in number.” It’s Comments All the Way Down 2015-06-17T04:00:00Z Her mind moves just as nimbly from an appraisal of Gottfried Leibniz to a discussion of “living force,” a scientific concept for kinetic energy first developed by Leibniz and later elaborated upon by Emilie. ‘Emilie’ Review: Defending, and Defining, a Life 2023-04-18T04:00:00Z The shelves are finished with crown moldings, atop which perch small white busts, all of which were specially chosen: George Washington, Lafayette, Pierre de Ronsard, Benjamin Franklin, Diderot, Voltaire, Leibniz, Tocqueville, Descartes, Molière, and Balzac. Albertine Reparue: A French Bookshop in New York 2014-12-03T05:00:00Z The request was probably more of a demand, said Dr. Andrea Löw, the deputy head of the Center for Holocaust Studies at the Leibniz Institute for Contemporary History, in Germany. Almost Safe, She Returned to Munich and Lost Her Painting and Her Life 2022-11-22T05:00:00Z His objective, the German scholar Eva Geulen wrote recently on the Leibniz Center’s blog, was “not to repeat what was already known, but to make the little-known or unknown better known.” Wolfgang Schivelbusch, Polymathic Cultural Historian, Dies at 81 2023-05-04T04:00:00Z Leibniz, Isaac Newton and calculus, and there’s some discussion of the nature of fire. Review | Avant Bard recalls a French scientific genius 2017-10-23T04:00:00Z There was Leibniz bemoaning "that horrible mass of books – which keeps on growing…" When we complain that things have never been like this, it's good to have some perspective. James Gleick: 'Information poses as many challenges as opportunities' 2011-04-09T23:05:59Z The research, conducted by René Heller of Germany's Leibniz Institute for Astrophysics Potsdam and Rory Barnes of the University of Washington, and the Nasa Astrobiology Institute, will appear in the January issue of Astrobiology. Is there life on moons? 2013-01-13T00:05:45Z "Comparing ancient genomes to modern genomes is tricky," said Arne Ludwig of the Leibniz Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research in Berlin. Ancient DNA reveals history of horse domestication 2014-12-15T05:00:00Z On the grounds of the Leibniz Institute for Astrophysics, the restored Einstein Tower, a curvy structure used for solar research, is a testament to the city’s 30-odd scientific research institutes. Heads Up: In Potsdam, Germany, a Time to Celebrate 2012-01-27T18:02:32Z That time is relational and dynamic and that space arises from a network of relationships was articulated in the 17th century by a philosopher who was Newton's rival and intellectual opponent: Gottfried Wilhelm von Leibniz. My hero: Gottfried Wilhelm von Leibniz by Lee Smolin 2013-05-10T15:01:01Z The most fabled example is calculus, developed independently in two different countries by Isaac Newton and Gottfried Wilhelm von Leibniz, but the list stretches back centuries and unfurls right into the present. ‘NeuroTribes,’ by Steve Silberman 2015-08-17T04:00:00Z While brief accounts of several hundred dead scholars and public intellectuals militates against sustained reading, a few pages at a time about interdisciplinary giants such as Leibniz, Diderot and Germaine de Stael can be energizing. Review | My nightstand runneth over: A proud nerd recommends new intellectual and cultural histories 2020-11-17T05:00:00Z Today we tend to regard the mind not as a mill but as a computer, but, otherwise, the problem exists in much the same way that Leibniz formulated it three hundred years ago. Do We Have Minds of Our Own? 2019-12-04T05:00:00Z He lays bare the thinking of everyone from Socrates and Plato and Heidegger and Leibniz through Stephen Hawking and Richard Dawkins. Books of The Times: ‘Why Does the World Exist?’ by Jim Holt 2012-08-02T18:37:46Z She was a well-read rabble-rouser, too, dropped literary references to Rousseau and Leibniz while loudly declaring her right to speak up and talk back to those who would underestimate her. Le Butcherettes a riot on stage 2011-11-01T04:20:00Z In an epilogue, four figures representing posterity — Descartes, Goethe, Leibniz and Voltaire — weigh in on Kircher’s legacy. Review: ‘Theater of the World’ Journeys With a Polymath 2016-05-08T04:00:00Z He was a senior fellow at the Leibniz Center for Literary and Cultural Research after he returned permanently to Germany in 2014. Wolfgang Schivelbusch, Polymathic Cultural Historian, Dies at 81 2023-05-04T04:00:00Z China’s philosophies once stimulated European thinkers such as Leibniz and Voltaire, as did the perception of China as a meritocratic state where talent, not birth, ensured success. Art: 'The Age of Enlightenment' Sweeps Into China 2011-04-18T13:57:28Z Ted Kotcheff, the director of Wake in Fright, recently told me how he was inspired by what the German philosopher Gottfried Leibniz called “petite perceptions”. Mad Max: Fury Road in black and white: a fascinating re-evaluation of a groundbreaking film | Luke Buckmaster 2016-12-05T05:00:00Z A single paragraph might offer us reflections on psychotropic fungus, German philosopher Gottfried Leibniz and fiat money. Review | Can anyone figure out what’s happening in Ned Beauman’s new comic novel? 2018-02-20T05:00:00Z Written as a satirical attack on Leibniz, whose philosophy of optimism, Voltaire believed, trivialized human suffering, the slim work of comic fiction became a perennially bestseller. Kelsey Grammer and Christine Ebersole take the L.A. Opera stage for 'Candide' 2018-01-18T05:00:00Z He invented calculus, independently of Gottfried Leibniz, feuding with him over who was first. Magician’s brain 2014-06-19T04:00:00Z Calculus is an old subject, invented independently by Isaac Newton and Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz in the 17th century. Joseph J. Kohn, Who Broke New Ground in Calculus, Dies at 91 2023-10-24T04:00:00Z Still, hunts could be for subsistence or self-defense in a prized cave, says Sabine Gaudzinski-Windheuser, an archaeozoologist at the Leibniz Center for Archaeology who was also not part of the research team. Neanderthals hunted—and revered—cave lions 2023-10-11T04:00:00Z Veterinarian Oliver Krone, who is based at the Leibniz Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research and has studied white-tailed eagles for 23 years, deftly hovered a drone over the nest and saw three eaglets. Changing bird migrations threaten to bring new infectious diseases to humans 2023-09-26T04:00:00Z Heribert Hofer, the director of the Leibniz Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research, said that the police in Berlin and Brandenburg were “not naïve,” and were accustomed to fielding both “hoaxes and inadvertent hoaxes.” How the Hunt for a Lioness Near Berlin Turned Into a Wild Boar Chase 2023-07-22T04:00:00Z “It’s wet-lab proof of what ancient genes were capable of,” says Pierre Stallforth of the Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology. ‘Lost’ microbial genes found in dental plaque of ancient humans 2023-05-03T04:00:00Z Its author, Alexander Pietrow, of the Leibniz Institute for Astrophysics Potsdam, says several factors might explain the discrepancies, including myopia. News at a glance: Hubble interlopers, an ocean-drilling gap, and a near-sighted astronomer 2023-03-08T05:00:00Z The keanumycins do the same with fungi,” said Dr. Pierre Stallforth, one of the researchers and a professor of paleobiotechnology at Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology in Jena, Germany. Keanu Reeves’s Latest Role? Fungus-Killing Bacterial Compound. 2023-03-08T05:00:00Z This study fits with previous work, according to Maria Ermolaeva, a group leader at the Leibniz Institute of Aging in Germany, who was not involved in the study. Aging Is Linked to More Activity in Short Genes Than in Long Genes 2023-01-06T05:00:00Z “To go from there to state that everything people did before is artificial is a big step,” says aging expert Maria Ermolaeva of the Leibniz Institute on Aging–Fritz Lipmann Institute in Germany. Dietary Restriction Works in Lab Animals, but It Might Not Work in the Wild 2022-12-20T05:00:00Z For example, a study conducted at the Leibniz Institute for Economic Research at the University of Munich, said that a Mercedes C220 diesel creates less greenhouse gas emissions than does a Tesla Model 3. E.V.s Start With a Bigger Carbon Footprint. But That Doesn’t Last. 2022-10-19T04:00:00Z Leibniz went on to argue that perfection could not be properly investigated. Can God Be Proved Mathematically? 2022-10-04T04:00:00Z Over 300 years ago, German philosopher Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz argued that Earth was the "best of all possible worlds." Are super-Earths more life-sustaining than our planet? 2022-09-24T04:00:00Z But historically low water levels on the Oder combined with a heatwave meant that fish were already struggling, said Christian Wolter of the Leibniz Institute. Oder river: Mystery surrounds thousands of fish deaths 2022-08-13T04:00:00Z Leibniz notation for the derivative is dy/dx, which implies that y is the dependent variable and x is the independent variable. Calculus, Volume 3 2016-03-30T00:00:00Z Although it seems likely that Newton did, indeed, arrive at the ideas behind calculus first, we are indebted to Leibniz for the notation that we commonly use today. Calculus, Volume 1 2016-03-30T00:00:00Z Thomas Huertas, a former alternate chair of the EU's banking watchdog and now at the Leibniz Institute, said the absence of such a safety net put European banks at a disadvantage to American rivals. Analysis: Market meltdown lays bare Europe's divisions 2022-06-16T04:00:00Z Leibniz's argument was meant to address the question of why evil exists, but modern astrobiologists have explored a similar question by asking what makes a planet hospitable to life. Are super-Earths more life-sustaining than our planet? 2022-09-24T04:00:00Z “There’s an explosion” of algae, says Jérôme Kaiser, a marine geochemist at the Leibniz Institute for Baltic Sea Research. Bogs, lakebeds, and sea floors compete to become Anthropocene’s ‘golden spike’ 2022-05-05T04:00:00Z First, the notation changes, in the sense that we still use a version of Leibniz notation, but the d in the original notation is replaced with the symbol ∂. Calculus, Volume 3 2016-03-30T00:00:00Z Figure 3.2 Newton and Leibniz are credited with developing calculus independently. Calculus, Volume 1 2016-03-30T00:00:00Z "I assume that Bremen is just a little further ahead than other federal states," said Hajo Zeeb of the Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology in Bremen. Omicron spike in most vaccinated German state heralds nationwide surge 2022-01-07T05:00:00Z According to Petra Kretzschmar, a biologist and rhino expert at the Leibniz Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research in Germany, this state of affairs made the species vulnerable to disease and fertility problems. Is trouble ahead for South Africa’s private rhino breeders? 2021-12-25T05:00:00Z Jens Krause, a fish biologist at the Leibniz Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries, and colleagues came to streams near Teapa, Mexico, to study an entrancing behavior of the mollies. Watch fish make a shimmering wave to avoid predators 2021-12-22T05:00:00Z A Biorescue team led by researchers from the Leibniz Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research in Germany has been racing against time to save the world's most endangered mammal. One of world's last two northern white rhinos dropped from race to save the species 2021-10-21T04:00:00Z For convenience, formulas are also given in Leibniz’s notation, which some students find easier to remember. Calculus, Volume 1 2016-03-30T00:00:00Z Still, a three-way coalition could have advantages, says Matthias Kleiner, president of the Leibniz Association, which includes nearly 100 research institutes. Climate policies loom large in German election 2021-09-14T04:00:00Z Half of the ammonia produced in Europe comes from cattle farms, says study co-author Jan Langbein, an applied ethologist at the Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology. Barnyard breakthrough: Researchers successfully potty train cows 2021-09-13T04:00:00Z However, among those who think we shouldn't dismiss the impact of spinning blades is Dr Christian Voigt at the Leibniz Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research in Berlin. How to protect birds and bats from wind turbines 2021-06-03T04:00:00Z “Atoms are sensitive to all of it,” says Naceur Gaaloul, a physicist at Leibniz University Hannover in Germany and co-author on the study. Ultracold Quantum Collisions Have Been Achieved in Space for the First Time 2021-03-19T04:00:00Z Use Leibniz’s notation to find the derivative of y = cos⎛x3⎞. Calculus, Volume 1 2016-03-30T00:00:00Z Part of the need to find words so quickly is psychological, according to Christine Möhrs, a researcher at the Leibniz Institute for the German Language. Germans have coined more than 1,200 words to talk about coronavirus 2021-02-26T05:00:00Z So Langbein and his Leibniz colleagues constructed a small barn on the grounds of their institute. Barnyard breakthrough: Researchers successfully potty train cows 2021-09-13T04:00:00Z In the new study, scientists led by Joerg Melzheimer, a spatial ecologist at the Leibniz Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research, realized something important was afoot at these locales. Male cheetahs leave messages at ‘cat bars.’ Knowing these locales could help save the species 2020-12-07T05:00:00Z Binary is a base-2 number system invented by Gottfried Leibniz that is made up of only two numbers: 0 and 1. Arsenal v Wolves: Premier League – live! 2020-11-29T05:00:00Z Integral notation goes back to the late seventeenth century and is one of the contributions of Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz, who is often considered to be the codiscoverer of calculus, along with Isaac Newton. Calculus, Volume 1 2016-03-30T00:00:00Z “When they are calling quietly ... those original assumptions hold,” says Shannon Currie of the Leibniz Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research in Germany. Echolocation Drains Bats Traveling through Noise 2020-11-25T05:00:00Z To the contrary, history demonstrates that polymaths like Leonardo da Vinci, René Descartes, Gottfried Leibniz, Isaac Newton, Charles Darwin, Benjamin Franklin, Marie Curie and Nikola Tesla were all responsible for foundational breakthroughs in science. The Dangers of Intellectual Territorialism 2020-08-31T04:00:00Z “We can’t tell if there is a positive effect due to the law or due to the general debate right now,” said Amélie Heldt, a researcher at the Leibniz Institute for Media Research, Hamburg. Germany insists self-regulation not enough for Facebook 2020-07-08T04:00:00Z Consider Newton and Leibniz on the invention of calculus, or Darwin and Wallace on their independent and effectively simultaneous recognition of natural selection. Decoding the Universe 2020-06-02T04:00:00Z In my mind, it was evident before the appearance of COVID-19 that we are fundamentally “monads” as envisioned by the philosopher Gottfried Leibniz, despite illusive notions of empowerment that stem from groupthink. A Sobering Astronomical Reminder from COVID-19 2020-04-18T04:00:00Z Franz Hölker, an ecologist at the Leibniz Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries in Germany, who studies light pollution but was not involved with the new work, agrees. Arctic Exploitation May Harm Animals Large and Small 2020-03-05T05:00:00Z One problem that the field must grapple with is how to define a bot, says Katrin Weller, an information scientist at the Leibniz Institute for the Social Sciences in Cologne, Germany. Social scientists battle bots to glean insights from online chatter 2020-01-27T05:00:00Z Had more data been available, “the picture probably would become even worse,” said Sonja Jähnig, an ecologist at the Leibniz Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries in Berlin and senior author of the study. The Freshwater Giants Are Dying 2020-01-21T05:00:00Z It’s interesting to note that Leibniz was also a mathematician and physicist; he invented differential and integral calculus at about the same time that Isaac Newton did. Can Science Rule Out God? 2019-12-23T05:00:00Z More on point is the German philosopher Gottfried Leibniz, who in 1714 invited readers to imagine walking around a brain as they would walk around a mill. Review | Do we have moral obligations to a machine that achieves consciousness? 2019-11-21T05:00:00Z In June 2018, it reported its experience to a Leibniz Association leadership meeting on good scientific practice. The science institutions hiring integrity inspectors to vet their papers 2019-11-18T05:00:00Z An Nguyen, also a Global Wildlife Conservation scientist and a Leibniz Institute doctoral student, led the interviews. This Elusive Creature Wasn’t Seen for Nearly 30 Years. Then It Appeared on Camera. 2019-11-12T05:00:00Z “We do not want to send a doom-and-gloom message to the public,” said Fengzhi He, an ecologist at the Leibniz Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries, and lead author of the study. The Freshwater Giants Are Dying 2020-01-21T05:00:00Z Both Leibniz and Newton considered themselves natural philosophers, and they freely jumped back and forth between science and theology. Can Science Rule Out God? 2019-12-23T05:00:00Z Leibniz’s pessimism about our ability to pinpoint consciousness has proved prescient. Review | Do we have moral obligations to a machine that achieves consciousness? 2019-11-21T05:00:00Z Wolfgang Wägele, former director of the Leibniz Institute for Animal Biodiversity in Bonn, Germany, says it’s “remarkable” for insects to get such positive attention. €100 million German insect protection plan will protect habitats, restrict weed killers, and boost research 2019-09-06T04:00:00Z The team of scientists is led by the Leibniz Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research in Berlin. Eggs from last northern white rhinos fertilized, scientists say 2019-08-26T04:00:00Z The protagonist of this unconventional novel is the seventeenth-century polymath Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz. Briefly Noted Book Reviews 2019-08-12T04:00:00Z Is there a place in this universe for the causative God of Aquinas and Leibniz? Can Science Rule Out God? 2019-12-23T05:00:00Z Thomas Hildebrandt of the Leibniz Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research in Berlin said Tuesday the procedure was performed last month on a southern white rhino at Chorzow Zoo in Poland. Scientists successfully transfer 1st test tube rhino embryo 2019-06-25T04:00:00Z Something anticipated three centuries ago by people like Leibniz—but finally becoming real today. A World Run with Code 2019-05-22T04:00:00Z The discovery also impresses Christian Nawroth, a behavioral biologist who studies social cognition in livestock at the Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology in Dummerstorf, Germany. Cats rival dogs on many tests of social smarts. But is anyone brave enough to study them? 2019-05-09T04:00:00Z In 1666, Leibniz is nineteen and has inexplicably just been denied his doctorate. Briefly Noted Book Reviews 2019-08-12T04:00:00Z “It’s a huge relief,” says Matthias Kleiner, president of the country’s Leibniz Association here, which includes more than 90 research institutes. German research promised a decade of budget increases 2019-05-03T04:00:00Z Isaac Newton and Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz both “died in excruciating pain while suffering from calculi — a bladder stone for Newton, a kidney stone for Leibniz”. Daily briefing: A romp through the history of calculus 2019-04-04T04:00:00Z Leibniz broke the mystification by declaring that all that exists is relative positions and motions. Space: The Final Illusion 2019-04-04T04:00:00Z A few years later, Leibniz, “the most versatile genius in a century of geniuses that included Descartes, Galileo, Newton and Bach”, came up with his own methods. From counting with stones to artificial intelligence: the story of calculus 2019-04-01T04:00:00Z She now works at the Leibniz Institute for New Materials in the small city of Saarbrücken, where she appreciates the proximity of her lab to an affordable daycare centre. Ten reasons to move to Germany as a researcher 2019-03-26T04:00:00Z “I was the one who bet nothing would come out of this,” says Krutmann, director of the Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine in Düsseldorf, Germany. When skin’s defence against pollution fails 2018-11-20T05:00:00Z “It’s bad practice to retroactively change history,” says Matthias Steinmetz of the Leibniz Institute for Astrophysics in Potsdam, Germany. Move over, Hubble: Discovery of expanding cosmos assigned to little-known Belgian astronomer-priest 2018-10-29T04:00:00Z Johannes Breuer, a psychologist at GESIS–Leibniz Institute for the Social Sciences in Germany, agrees, noting that according to “a common rule of thumb in psychological research,” effect sizes below 0.1 are “considered trivial.” Yes, Violent Video Games Trigger Aggression, but Debate Lingers 2018-10-02T04:00:00Z The invention of modern calculus by Newton and Leibniz some three decades later makes for snappy reading. From counting with stones to artificial intelligence: the story of calculus 2019-04-01T04:00:00Z For example, Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz, the German polymath, corresponded for years with Jesuits working in China. The business class doesn’t understand the Enlightenment 2018-09-16T04:00:00Z Once again, he was explicit in recognizing his debt to the philosophical arguments in Leibniz, Berkeley and Mach. Physics Needs Philosophy / Philosophy Needs Physics 2018-07-19T04:00:00Z “We thought, ‘The story’s over,’” said Dr. Hildebrandt, a wildlife reproductive biologist at the Leibniz Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research and the Free University of Berlin. Rhino Embryos Made in Lab to Save Nearly Extinct Subspecies 2018-07-04T04:00:00Z Thomas Hildebrandt of the Leibniz Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research, in Berlin, in collaboration with Avantea, a biotechnology company in Cremona, Italy, is proposing heroic measures to keep the subspecies alive. IVF may bring northern white rhinos back from the brink of extinction 2018-07-04T04:00:00Z Midway through Infinite Powers, Steven Strogatz writes that Isaac Newton and Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz both “died in excruciating pain while suffering from calculi — a bladder stone for Newton, a kidney stone for Leibniz”. From counting with stones to artificial intelligence: the story of calculus 2019-04-01T04:00:00Z In 1714 Leibniz presented this vivid critique of physical, mechanistic explanations of mind: Who Invented the Mind–Body Problem? 2018-02-10T05:00:00Z “Even if this is not the main cause of re-emerging yaws nowadays, it would jeopardize global eradication,” says Sascha Knauf, who studies neglected tropical diseases at the Leibniz Institute for Primate Research in Göttingen, Germany. Wild animals could hamper efforts to eradicate yaws disease 2018-02-07T05:00:00Z The system is jointly managed by the mathematical resource zbMATH, curated by the Leibniz Institute for the Structure of Information in Karlsruhe, Germany, and by the American Mathematical Society’s Mathematical Reviews. Maths classification is getting a revision 2018-02-06T05:00:00Z Indeed, the big mystery now is what happens in naked mole rats after 20 or 30 years, says Matthias Platzer, a biologist at the Leibniz Institute on aging in Jena, Germany. Naked mole rats defy the biological law of aging 2018-01-26T05:00:00Z Susanne Fuchs, senior researcher at the Leibniz Center of General Linguistics in Berlin, who was not involved in the work, says the study's conclusions are valid. Why Click Speech Is Rare 2017-12-06T05:00:00Z Mathematician Alan Turing's work did not determine the path of the digital revolution, although Turing and others, from philosopher Gottfried Leibniz to writer Stewart Brand, made major technological impacts. Technology: Into cyberia : Nature : Nature Research 2017-10-03T04:00:00Z The results highlight how unaware humans are of the sensory problems faced by other species, says Christian Voigt, who studies bats at the Leibniz Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research in Berlin. Bats slam into buildings because they can't 'see' them 2017-09-06T04:00:00Z Around that same time, Meitner and Hahn discovered the isotope protactinium, which won Meitner the Leibniz Medal. Honoring a Pioneering Woman in Physics 2017-08-29T04:00:00Z Professor Thomas Hildebrandt, from the Leibniz Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research in Berlin, Germany, said: "We are trying to find a solution for a very critical situation: we have a doomed species." UK rhino eggs 'could save last northern whites' - BBC News 2017-07-19T04:00:00Z The Leibniz Association requires that the scientists it hires agree in writing to adhere to good scientific practice, and the institutes under its umbrella regularly organize scientific-integrity seminars. Image doctoring must be halted 2017-06-27T04:00:00Z If the networked printer suddenly stopped working, then you were faced with the kind of knowledge gap that existed between Leibniz and his horse. Farewell Walt Mossberg, the scourge of Silicon Valley | John Naughton 2017-06-04T04:00:00Z A team led by Shanglin Gao of the Leibniz Institute of Polymer Research in Dresden, Germany, designed the coating so that it changes colour more dramatically with increasing amounts of deformation. Materials: Graphene layers give colourful warning : Nature : Nature Research 2017-03-21T04:00:00Z Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz said that we should use a pictographic system, a little like Egyptian hieroglyphs. A Language to Unite Humankind 2016-10-24T04:00:00Z "This is an excellent decision," biochemist Volker Haucke of the Leibniz Institute of Molecular Pharmacology said at a meeting this morning in Berlin where scientists watched the announcement live. Nobel honors discoveries on how cells eat themselves 2016-10-03T04:00:00Z An independent investigation by the Leibniz Association, which runs 91 science institutions in Germany, identified 8 high-impact papers with manipulated images. Image doctoring must be halted 2017-06-27T04:00:00Z When Leibniz tried to tackle the problem of how mind and matter interact, he came up with a radical new thesis: they don’t. Are We Really So Modern? 2016-08-29T04:00:00Z "The first occurrence of this mutation was in two samples from medieval England from the York Archaeological Collection," said one of the authors, Dr Arne Ludwig, from the Leibniz Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research. DNA shows that horse's 'funny walk originated in York' - BBC News 2016-08-08T04:00:00Z “It’s really a strategic road map — one which has a lot of obstacles,” says reproductive biologist Thomas Hildebrandt, who leads the Leibniz team. Stem-cell plan aims to bring rhino back from brink of extinction 2016-05-02T04:00:00Z But the scientists, at Dresden’s Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research, have demonstrated the ability to turbocharge tardy sperm in a lab. The Tiny Motors That Could Solve a Male Fertility Problem 2016-01-22T05:00:00Z The Leibniz Association is to be commended for enforcing standards of technical integrity as a duty of research-group leadership. Image doctoring must be halted 2017-06-27T04:00:00Z Everything that exists, he believed, is made up of units called monads, and these monads have absolutely no way of impinging on or communicating with one another—Leibniz referred to them as “windowless.” Are We Really So Modern? 2016-08-29T04:00:00Z This was a variant of Leibniz’s view of digital notation as shuttling between creation and the abyss—indeed, in the space where Google likes to shuttle. Google wants to be God’s mind: The secret theology of “I’m feeling lucky” 2015-07-19T04:00:00Z "It's really hard to distinguish between tigers," said Andreas Wilting, the study's lead author from the Leibniz Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research. To save big cats from extinction, scientists say we need to redefine ‘tiger’ 2015-06-26T04:00:00Z Scientists from the Leibniz Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research in Berlin investigated the differences between these subspecies by comparing skull measurements, fur pattern, ecology, and genetics. Controversial study claims there are only two types of tiger 2015-06-26T04:00:00Z The famous citation about the mill is from Gottfried Leibniz, the mathematician, scientist, lawyer and philosopher who invented binary numbers and co-invented calculus. Two Natural Philosophers Discuss the Mind 2015-03-02T05:00:00Z If philosophy is defiance of common sense, then Leibniz’s ideas are very philosophical indeed—too much so even for most of his fellow-philosophers. Are We Really So Modern? 2016-08-29T04:00:00Z German mathematician Gottfried Leibniz thought so, writing in 1710 that our planet, warts and all, must be the most optimal one imaginable. Planets More Habitable Than Earth May Be Common in Our Galaxy 2014-12-16T05:00:00Z Although it is difficult to say for sure, the ancient mite was probably a parasite, too, says Jason Dunlop, an arachnologist at the Leibniz Institute for Evolution and Biodiversity Science in Berlin. Mite and ant locked together in amber 2014-09-09T04:00:00Z “If land grabbing means violation of customary property rights, additional yields are a bad excuse,” says Thomas Herzfeld, head of agricultural policy at the Leibniz Institute of Agricultural Development in Halle, Germany. 'Grabbed' land has potential to feed millions 2014-06-26T04:00:00Z McDonough summarizes the project, and his role in it, by quoting 17th century mathematician Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz. The Method Behind A Clean-Up In Chicago's South Side 2014-06-17T04:00:00Z Certainly, both Descartes and Leibniz relied on God to balance the equation of the universe. Are We Really So Modern? 2016-08-29T04:00:00Z Tania Schink at the Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology-BIPS in Bremen, and her colleagues looked at data from three German insurance agencies to compare diagnosed hearing problems among musicians and the general population. Even beautiful music may pose hearing-loss risk to pros 2014-05-09T17:59:46Z Other 17th-century rationalists, including Hobbes and Leibniz, offered their own versions of the mathematical universe. Books: ‘Our Mathematical Universe’: A Case for Alternate Realities 2014-04-21T21:25:54Z When two other scientists, Robert Hooke and Gottfried Leibniz, offered criticism or competed with Newton for claim over the revolutionary ideas of gravity and calculus, Newton pursued personal vendettas against them. Why Was Isaac Newton Such A Jerk? 2013-11-04T16:53:00Z Leibniz once said ‘if it is possible, therefore it exists.’ The Method Behind A Clean-Up In Chicago's South Side 2014-06-17T04:00:00Z Tian Tian's urinary progesterone showed a sharp jump on 15 July, a result which was confirmed this week by the Leibniz Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research in Berlin. The problem with panda pregnancies 2013-08-09T04:59:01Z "The hormone concentrations we measured in the urine sample from the panda increased," said Dr Martin Dehnhard at the Leibniz Institute. Edinburgh panda 'may be pregnant' 2013-08-09T04:58:28Z The atom had fascinated philosophers of old, from Democritus to Aristotle to Lucretius to Leibniz to Newton. The Story of Energy: The Physics of an Atom Part 1 2013-07-19T15:15:16.940Z As Alasdair Wilkins noted in io9, the reason that everyone knows the name of Newton and not Leibniz or Hooke may simply be because he outlived them. Why Was Isaac Newton Such A Jerk? 2013-11-04T16:53:00Z Mr Leibniz smiled and Ada knew that the piece of information was of no interest. Rondo code 2013-06-05T17:20:40.567Z Leibniz imagined a universe of matter built up from non-material substances. Quantum Mechanical Words and Mathematical Organisms 2013-05-16T14:15:31.027Z Jeroen van den Brink, a physicist at the Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research in Dresden, Germany, and his colleagues stacked bismuth-containing sheets with a honeycomb structure like that of graphene. Exotic conductors from lab and nature 2013-03-13T18:20:28.630Z Then in 2007, Mr Andreas Wilting of the Leibniz Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research in Berlin, Germany and colleagues discovered there are actually two distinct species. Elusive rare cat filmed up close 2012-12-10T07:44:07Z Researchers from the security group at the University of Leibniz in Hanover and the computer science department at the Philipps University of Marburg tested the most popular apps in Google's Play store. Android apps 'leak' personal data 2012-10-22T10:56:25Z I thought everyone knew that by now, Mr Leibniz. Rondo code 2013-06-05T17:20:40.567Z FishBase, run by the Leibniz Institute of Marine Sciences in Kiel, Germany, contains information on traits such as taxonomy and geographic distribution. Netting Better Data on Global Fish Stocks 2012-09-28T17:08:00Z On philosophy, Leibniz said, there are two simple absolutes: God and nothingness. The Original Hacker and Why His Work, 300 Years Ago, Matters Today 2012-09-19T14:01:48Z The zoo is involved in a joint project with Germany's Leibniz Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research, the Beauval Zoo in France and Pittsburgh Zoo in the US. Elephant grows from frozen sperm 2012-08-14T15:57:03Z Christian Voigt, a behavioral ecologist at the Leibniz Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research in Berlin, calls the work "a breathtaking story." Bats Catch Mating Flies in the Act 2012-07-23T23:43:00Z Leibniz waved a hand, and it was obvious to Ada that those words would never see print either. Rondo code 2013-06-05T17:20:40.567Z "There were all sorts of theories put forth," says Imke Lueders of the Leibniz Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research in Berlin. The Elephant in the Womb 2012-06-20T00:01:00Z Leibniz, like Newton, his contemporary, was a polymath. The Original Hacker and Why His Work, 300 Years Ago, Matters Today 2012-09-19T14:01:48Z The Leibniz Institute researcher who developed the freezing technique, Thomas Hildebrandt, said the trick was to freeze the sperm in stages, as mammalian cells are very sensitive to temperature changes. Elephant grows from frozen sperm 2012-08-14T15:57:03Z Christian Voigt of the Leibniz Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research in Berlin and his colleagues captured bats of two different species: one that eats mostly fruit and one that eats mostly insects. Would You Like a Side of Dirt with That? 2012-05-25T11:45:00.240Z Moreover, arguments based on authority, be it Aristotle, or Leibniz, are irrelevant. The Consolation of Philosophy 2012-04-27T14:45:01.080Z We cannot follow this controversy further, as it turns up again between Locke and Leibniz, between Herbart and Hegel. The Contemporary Review, Volume 36, November 1879 2012-04-25T02:01:12.830Z Leibniz developed this system to express numbers and all operations of arithmetic—addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division—in the binary language of 1s and 0s. The Original Hacker and Why His Work, 300 Years Ago, Matters Today 2012-09-19T14:01:48Z It is, in the phrase of Leibniz, perception: but not apperception. Hegel's Philosophy of Mind 2012-03-07T03:00:14.327Z "Axial tilt, or obliquity, is a crucial parameter for climate and the possible habitability of a planet," said René Heller, a postdoctoral research associate at the Leibniz Institute for Astrophysics in Potsdam, Germany. Alien Life May Not Survive on Planets With Uranus-Like Tilts 2012-02-12T15:15:00.267Z You find them combined in various degrees in antiquity, in Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle; in modern times, in Descartes, Pascal, Leibniz, Kant, Claude Bernard, and Pasteur. Outlines of a Philosophy of Religion based on Psychology and History 2012-01-01T03:00:07.953Z In this Leibniz repeated an argument used by the ancient Arabs, Roger Bacon, and William of Occam. The philosophy of B*rtr*nd R*ss*ll 2011-12-30T03:00:24.883Z Leibniz was born in Leipzig in 1646 on a street that now bears his name. The Original Hacker and Why His Work, 300 Years Ago, Matters Today 2012-09-19T14:01:48Z But Hobbes, Spinoza, and Leibniz, were most attentively heard in the passages where they favoured or combatted the dominant social and theological prepossessions. Hegel's Philosophy of Mind 2012-03-07T03:00:14.327Z What was known of these transactions down to our day is in Pichler's work on Leibniz. Letters of Lord Acton To Mary, Daughter of the Right Hon. W. E. Gladstone 2011-12-06T03:00:20.687Z To which Leibniz rightly replied: "Except the understanding itself;" that is to say, the force which from sensation draws knowledge. Outlines of a Philosophy of Religion based on Psychology and History 2012-01-01T03:00:07.953Z This Leibniz considered to be a proof that a line cannot be an aggregate of points. The philosophy of B*rtr*nd R*ss*ll 2011-12-30T03:00:24.883Z How fitting, then, that Leibniz conceived of a calculating language defined by two and only two figures: 0 and 1. The Original Hacker and Why His Work, 300 Years Ago, Matters Today 2012-09-19T14:01:48Z Leibniz speaks no less distinctly and sanely in this direction. Hegel's Philosophy of Mind 2012-03-07T03:00:14.327Z Leibniz and reputedly also Newton learnt their geometry from Clavius’ Euclid.” A Long Forgotten Father of the Scientific Revolution 2011-11-02T15:11:35Z Gudrun Wibbelt, a veterinary pathologist in wildlife diseases for the Leibniz Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research in Berlin, called it “a horrible death.” Study links fungus to bat-killing disease 2011-10-31T00:57:49Z For example, the proof of Fermat's Little Theorem was first given not by Fermat but by Gottfried Leibniz. Pierre de Fermat's Last Theorem celebrated in a cheeky Google doodle 2011-08-17T11:53:54Z We may illustrate this characteristic by means of Leibniz's conception of many possible worlds, of which one only is actual. Our Knowledge of the External World as a Field for Scientific Method in Philosophy 2011-08-16T02:00:44.423Z The view which these words take is at least as old as the days of Leibniz. Hegel's Philosophy of Mind 2012-03-07T03:00:14.327Z Leibniz scientist Frank Goeritz is working as a reproductive consultant for the Pittsburgh Zoo and said the problem with getting approval to ship the sperm is that it’s never been done before. Pittsburgh zoo?s elephant sperm bank, North America?s first, is slowed by bureaucratic hurdles 2011-08-08T17:42:03Z Leibniz.—Spinoza had taken over from Descartes and Hobbes their mechanical and determinist conception of nature, though he gave to it, as we have seen, an interpretation of his own. Religion and Science From Galileo to Bergson 2011-04-07T02:00:16.760Z Another question in connexion with individuation has derived at least an historical interest from the notable controversy to which it gave rise in the seventeenth century between Clarke and Leibniz. Ontology or the Theory of Being 2011-04-01T02:00:38.727Z This example is given by Leibniz to prove that there can be no infinite numbers. Our Knowledge of the External World as a Field for Scientific Method in Philosophy 2011-08-16T02:00:44.423Z According to Leibniz this cooling continued still today, enabling the formation of large ice caps on the poles. Climate research in the geologic past 2011-02-17T16:45:00.337Z The international effort is being led by Thomas Hildebrandt, head of reproduction at the Leibniz Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research in Berlin. Pittsburgh zoo?s elephant sperm bank, North America?s first, is slowed by bureaucratic hurdles 2011-08-08T17:42:03Z Though a German by birth, Leibniz lived continuously in France, and wrote habitually in the language of that country. Religion and Science From Galileo to Bergson 2011-04-07T02:00:16.760Z In them the words of Leibniz find their fullest verification: “the present is laden with the past and pregnant with the future”. Ontology or the Theory of Being 2011-04-01T02:00:38.727Z It will be seen that Leibniz regards it as self-contradictory to maintain that the whole is not greater than its part. Our Knowledge of the External World as a Field for Scientific Method in Philosophy 2011-08-16T02:00:44.423Z Led by Mr Andreas Wilting of the Leibniz Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research in Berlin, Germany, the researchers captured images of a Sunda clouded leopard walking along a road. Two forms of world's 'newest' cat 2011-01-22T20:10:55Z Such evidence may provide impetus for increased conservation efforts to protect the forest elephants, says Alex Greenwood, an evolutionary biologist at the Leibniz Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research in Berlin, Germany. Genes Separate Africa?s Elephant Herds 2010-12-22T16:20:00Z Contrast to Spinoza.—Spinoza and Leibniz stand as examples of two distinct methods of eluding the despotism of mechanics—methods which will meet us again in the course of our survey. Religion and Science From Galileo to Bergson 2011-04-07T02:00:16.760Z But the real reason that Leibniz chose this symbol is much less poetic. It Slices, It Dices 2010-04-19T16:27:00Z The doctrine of teleology, in its extreme form, as we find it in Leibniz for example, implies that things and beings merely realise a programme previously arranged. Our Knowledge of the External World as a Field for Scientific Method in Philosophy 2011-08-16T02:00:44.423Z And I always liked the history of science and math, the fight between Leibniz and Newton and the invention of calculus.” Experience Necessary: He Knows Where New Yorkers Hide 2010-03-02T02:20:00Z Most of the great philosophers following Descartes, such as Locke, Leibniz, Kant, and Schopenhauer, however greatly they may have differed in other points, in this one returned to the Aristotelian point of view. Clever Hans (The horse of Mr. Von Osten): A contribution to experimental animal and human psychology Leibniz, on the other hand, viewed existence from an entirely different standpoint. Religion and Science From Galileo to Bergson 2011-04-07T02:00:16.760Z These conceptual roadblocks stumped the world’s finest mathematicians for the next 19 centuries … until Gregory, Barrow, Newton and Leibniz established what’s now known as the Fundamental Theorem of Calculus in the mid-1600s. It Slices, It Dices 2010-04-19T16:27:00Z In the doctrine of Leibniz, time is reduced to a confused perception, relative to the human standpoint, a perception which would vanish, like a rising mist, for a mind seated at the centre of things. Our Knowledge of the External World as a Field for Scientific Method in Philosophy 2011-08-16T02:00:44.423Z But the systems of Plato, Aristotle, Spinoza, Leibniz, etc., are all alike factors of the truth. A Critical History of Greek Philosophy Leibniz drew up a list of the most simple and necessary terms which should be selected for comparison in various languages. Lectures on The Science of Language A Philosophy of Individuals.—Leibniz's criticism of Descartes and the mechanical school proceeded along different lines from that of Spinoza, who, as we have seen, accepted the mechanical view as the basis of his speculation. Religion and Science From Galileo to Bergson 2011-04-07T02:00:16.760Z In 1702 the electress Sophia is found requesting Leibniz to see whether a more satisfactory specimen of this class cannot be procured from Berlin than is at present to be found at Hanover. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 8, Slice 7 "Drama" to "Dublin" In both respects, it is the fulfilment of a hope which Leibniz cherished throughout his life, and pursued with all the ardour of his amazing intellectual energy. Our Knowledge of the External World as a Field for Scientific Method in Philosophy 2011-08-16T02:00:44.423Z We cannot follow this controversy farther, as it turns up again between Locke and Leibniz, between Herbart and Hegel. Chips From A German Workshop, Vol. V. Miscellaneous Later Essays Leibniz never undertook a systematic classification of the whole realm of language, nor was he successful in classing the dialects with which he had become acquainted. Lectures on The Science of Language For this conservation of motion, Leibniz substitutes the conservation of force as being logically the more fundamental concept. Religion and Science From Galileo to Bergson 2011-04-07T02:00:16.760Z Such are the "fulgurations" of Leibniz, those very rich digressions of Schopenhauer, etc. Essay on the Creative Imagination It is this parallelism that we find both in Leibniz and in Spinoza—in different forms, it is true, because of the unequal importance which they attach to extension. Creative Evolution In Leibniz's monadology, since each monad mirrored the whole universe, there was in each perspective a "sensibile" which was an appearance of each thing. Mysticism and Logic and Other Essays But a man like Leibniz, who was equally distinguished as a scholar, a theologian, a lawyer, an historian, and a mathematician, could only throw out hints as to how language ought to be studied. Lectures on The Science of Language Weakness of Speculative Philosophy.—Spinoza and Leibniz may be said to have dispensed with this foundation. Religion and Science From Galileo to Bergson 2011-04-07T02:00:16.760Z This philosophy was rehabilitated in the eighteenth century by Leibniz, the brilliant librarian of the court of Hanover. The Approach to Philosophy In short, Leibniz differs from Spinoza in this, that he looks upon the universal mechanism as an aspect which reality takes for us, whereas, Spinoza makes of it an aspect which reality takes for itself. Creative Evolution But over an enormous field of what was formerly controversial, Leibniz's dream has become sober fact. Mysticism and Logic and Other Essays Leibniz was not only the discoverer of the differential calculus. Lectures on The Science of Language It was undervalued, for both Spinoza and Leibniz were thinkers of the first calibre; and yet there was some justice in the charge. Religion and Science From Galileo to Bergson 2011-04-07T02:00:16.760Z Leibniz's Application of the Conception of Development to the Problem of Imperfection. The Approach to Philosophy With Spinoza, with Leibniz, we suppose the unifying synthesis of the phenomena of matter achieved, and everything in matter explained mechanically. Creative Evolution Plato, Spinoza, and Hegel may be taken as typical of the philosophers whose interests are mainly religious and ethical, while Leibniz, Locke, and Hume may be taken as representatives of the scientific wing. Mysticism and Logic and Other Essays It has been said, indeed, that the discoveries of Leibniz produced but little effect, and that most of them had to be made again. Lectures on The Science of Language The word critical signifies a particular method of approaching the problem of existence, a method which must be contrasted with that of the speculative philosophy, of which Spinoza and Leibniz are examples. Religion and Science From Galileo to Bergson 2011-04-07T02:00:16.760Z The reconciliation of nature and history with the absolute being became the special interest of Leibniz, the great modern Aristotelian. The Approach to Philosophy Spinoza and Leibniz had, following Aristotle, hypostatized in God the unity of knowledge. Creative Evolution The theory to be advocated is closely analogous to Leibniz's monadology, from which it differs chiefly in being less smooth and tidy. Mysticism and Logic and Other Essays The new interest in languages, which Leibniz had called into life, did not die again. Lectures on The Science of Language But it was not "force in general" or some "universal force" that was regarded by him as the final reality: Leibniz was not a forerunner of Herbert Spencer. Religion and Science From Galileo to Bergson 2011-04-07T02:00:16.760Z Like Aristotle, Leibniz attributes reality to individual substances, which he calls "monads"; and like Aristotle he conceives these monads to compose an ascending order, with God, the monad of monads, as its dominating goal. The Approach to Philosophy It is, like Leibniz and Spinoza, to deny to duration all efficient action. Creative Evolution Nevertheless, in each decade since 1850 more has been done to advance the subject than in the whole period from Aristotle to Leibniz. Mysticism and Logic and Other Essays As to Hervas, he had read Leibniz carefully, and though he differs from him on some points, he fully acknowledges his merits in promoting a truly philosophical study of languages. Lectures on The Science of Language Doctrine of Monads.—This view of reality was formulated by Leibniz in his famous doctrine of "monads." Religion and Science From Galileo to Bergson 2011-04-07T02:00:16.760Z Leibniz's Application of the Conception of Development to the Problem of Imperfection 336 § 165. The Approach to Philosophy The doctrine of teleology, in its extreme form, as we find it in Leibniz for example, implies that things and beings merely realize a programme previously arranged. Creative Evolution It gradually grew in importance, until, when Leibniz invented the Infinitesimal Calculus, it seemed to become the fundamental notion of all higher mathematics. Mysticism and Logic and Other Essays Of Adelung's Mithridates and his obligations to Leibniz we shall have to speak presently. Lectures on The Science of Language He did not understand the reasoning, but he fully shared the sentiments of the philosophers among whom Locke and Leibniz were the great lights. Hours in a Library, Volume I. (of III.) Such is the case with Descartes and Leibniz, who are nevertheless intimately related to Spinoza in the historical development of philosophy. The Approach to Philosophy Such are precisely the conclusions of a doctrine like that of Spinoza, or even that of Leibniz, and such indeed has been their genesis. Creative Evolution What I do claim for the theory is that it may be true, and that this is more than can be said for any other theory except the closely analogous theory of Leibniz. Mysticism and Logic and Other Essays Now these collections are clearly due to Leibniz. Lectures on The Science of Language This notion, which plays so great a part in the philosophy of Leibniz, was very generally accepted about the middle of the 18th century, and received complete and even exaggerated expression from Bonnet and Robinet. Form and Function A Contribution to the History of Animal Morphology Leibniz's mind was more predominantly logical even than Descartes's. The Approach to Philosophy Such was the case with Leibniz, as also with Spinoza. Creative Evolution Two hundred years ago, Leibniz foresaw the science which Peano has perfected, and endeavoured to create it. Mysticism and Logic and Other Essays Even as Grand-duchess Catherine was engrossed with the idea of a Universal Dictionary, on the plan suggested by Leibniz. Lectures on The Science of Language The whole scheme, so fantastic in its details, was largely influenced by Leibniz's continuity philosophy, and is in no way an improvement on the older and saner Aristotelian scheme. Form and Function A Contribution to the History of Animal Morphology Both Aristotle and Leibniz undertake to make the perfection which determines the order of the hierarchy of substances, at the same time the responsible author of the whole hierarchy. The Approach to Philosophy Spinoza and Leibniz have poured into them the whole content of their souls, rich with the inventions of their genius and the acquisitions of modern thought. Creative Evolution It is very well to take a Leibniz or Frederick the Great for a starting-point, but it all goes immeasurably farther back than that. The Arena Volume 4, No. 21, August, 1891 But Leibniz did more than remove this one great stumbling-block from the threshold of the science of language. Lectures on The Science of Language It was the evil in the world that set Leibniz the task of justifying the ways of God to man. A Preface to Politics Now although Spinoza and Leibniz are finally determined by the same motives that obtain in the cases of Plato and Aristotle, they must reckon with this new distinction between the thinker and his object. The Approach to Philosophy For Leibniz, on the contrary, extension is indeed still a translation, but it is thought that is the original, and thought might dispense with translation, the translation being made only for us. Creative Evolution The noted French philosopher, Renouvier, has also resuscitated the monadistic theory in a form more closely allied to that of Leibniz. Nature Mysticism It is taken from Leibniz,338 who maintains that general terms are necessary for the essential constitution of languages. Lectures on The Science of Language Leibniz now conceived the idea of putting together all the passages in Bayle's works which interested him, and writing a systematic answer to them. Theodicy Essays on the Goodness of God, the Freedom of Man and the Origin of Evil But both Spinoza and Leibniz subordinate such conceptions as these to the fundamental identity that pervades the whole. The Approach to Philosophy Leibniz says so in explicit terms, for he makes of time, as of space, a confused perception. Creative Evolution Leibniz profoundly influenced the course of what we may term "animistic" thought by his doctrine of monads. Nature Mysticism But Leibniz is equally right when, in looking beyond the first emergence of such names as cave or town or palace, he asks how such names could have arisen. Lectures on The Science of Language Leibniz reasoned, indeed, but he did not reason from nowhere, nor would he have got anywhere if he had. Theodicy Essays on the Goodness of God, the Freedom of Man and the Origin of Evil With Spinoza the attributes belong to the same absolute substance, and with Leibniz the monads represent the one universe. The Approach to Philosophy Between the dogmatism of a Spinoza or a Leibniz and the criticism of Kant there is just the same distance as between "it may be maintained that—" and "it suffices that—." Creative Evolution Leibniz had the beautiful and profound idea that life has three modes on earth�it sleeps in plants, it dreams in animals, and it wakes in man. Nature Mysticism Science might still transcend the bounds of nations, and a Grotius or Descartes, a Spinoza or a Leibniz, fill the European stage. The Unity of Civilization What this form of statement ignores is that Leibniz was a scholastic: a scholastic endeavouring, like Descartes before him, to revolutionize scholasticism. Theodicy Essays on the Goodness of God, the Freedom of Man and the Origin of Evil Of the intervention of Leibniz in the negotiation; and 4thly. The Life of Hugo Grotius With Brief Minutes of the Civil, Ecclesiastical, and Literary History of the Netherlands And the earlier philosophers, from Plato to Leibniz, had kept the human mind open for the thought of the universe as one idea behind all its physically apprehensible transformations. Back to Methuselah This holds true of the great idealists, different as their types of thought may be—of Plato and Aristotle, of Spinoza and Leibniz, of Kant, Fichte, and Hegel. Recent Tendencies in Ethics Now both Berkeley and Leibniz admit that there is a real table, but Berkeley says it is certain ideas in the mind of God, and Leibniz says it is a colony of souls. The Problems of Philosophy It was a continuation of the same movement, when Leibniz's master, George I, succeeded to the same throne, and frustrated the restoration of the Stuart heir. Theodicy Essays on the Goodness of God, the Freedom of Man and the Origin of Evil But, before the events which we have mentioned took place, a correspondence on the subject of a general reunion between Catholics and Protestants had been carried on for some time, between Pelisson and Leibniz. The Life of Hugo Grotius With Brief Minutes of the Civil, Ecclesiastical, and Literary History of the Netherlands Now, after the lapse of a century and a half, Kant to many is child's play compared with Bergson, who differs more fundamentally from Kant than the Scoto-German thinker did from Leibniz and Hume. Bergson and His Philosophy Leibniz's conception of many possible worlds seems to accord much better with modern logic and with the practical empiricism which is now universal. The Analysis of Mind Neither could we expect, within the literate framework, anything comparable to Plato's Dialogues, to the great philosophical systems of Leibniz, Kant, Hegel, and Marx, to the literary seduction of Heidegger, Sartre, or Martin Buber. The Civilization of Illiteracy In the same year Foucher published an article in the Journal controverting Leibniz; and in the next year Leibniz replied with an 'Explanation'. Theodicy Essays on the Goodness of God, the Freedom of Man and the Origin of Evil The Correspondence of Bossuet and Leibniz, under the auspices of Lewis the XIVth, for the Reunion of the Lutheran Protestants to the Roman Catholic Church. The Life of Hugo Grotius With Brief Minutes of the Civil, Ecclesiastical, and Literary History of the Netherlands Leibniz, the librarian and archivist of the Duke of Brunswick, having taken already some part in the work of bringing about a reconciliation, entered into a correspondence with Bossuet, the Bishop of Meaux. History of the Catholic Church from the Renaissance to the French Revolution — Volume 1 As Leibniz said long ago, individuality consists in the law of the changes of a being. Darwin and Modern Science Leibniz tried hard to make this language utilizable in all domains of human activity, in encoding laws, scientific results, music. The Civilization of Illiteracy Is not Leibniz the victim of a familiar fallacy, that of incompletely stated alternatives? Theodicy Essays on the Goodness of God, the Freedom of Man and the Origin of Evil Leibniz's Letter to M^me de Brinon, in answer to this communication, is very important. The Life of Hugo Grotius With Brief Minutes of the Civil, Ecclesiastical, and Literary History of the Netherlands But if so, why does Leibniz keep saying that the harmony is pre-established, by special and infinitely elaborate divine decrees? Theodicy Essays on the Goodness of God, the Freedom of Man and the Origin of Evil Leibniz himself says that the very nature of representation excludes interaction. Theodicy Essays on the Goodness of God, the Freedom of Man and the Origin of Evil Many components of Leibniz's system, of Descartes' rationalism, and Peirce's pragmaticism can be mentioned. The Civilization of Illiteracy The law M. Leibniz speaks of supposes a decree of God, and shows wherein this system agrees with that of occasional causes. Theodicy Essays on the Goodness of God, the Freedom of Man and the Origin of Evil But the eloquence, and learning, of Leibniz, were without effect. The Life of Hugo Grotius With Brief Minutes of the Civil, Ecclesiastical, and Literary History of the Netherlands M. Pierre Bayle had all these articles before him when he inserted a note on Leibniz's doctrine in his article on 'Rorarius', in the first edition of his Historical and Critical Dictionary. Theodicy Essays on the Goodness of God, the Freedom of Man and the Origin of Evil We are beholden for it to M. Leibniz, and it is impossible to conceive anything that gives us a nobler idea of the power and wisdom of the Author of all things. Theodicy Essays on the Goodness of God, the Freedom of Man and the Origin of Evil And so, to his own and the succeeding generation, Leibniz was known as the author of the Theodicy. Theodicy Essays on the Goodness of God, the Freedom of Man and the Origin of Evil Leibniz, in fact, could have nothing to do with such a suggestion, and he would have found it easy to be ironical about it if his contemporaries had proposed it. Theodicy Essays on the Goodness of God, the Freedom of Man and the Origin of Evil Such were the advances made by Bossuet; and much discussion on them, took place, between him, and Leibniz. The Life of Hugo Grotius With Brief Minutes of the Civil, Ecclesiastical, and Literary History of the Netherlands M. Leibniz, through the penetration of his great genius, has very well conceived the extent and strength of this objection, and what remedy ought to be applied to the main inconveniency. Theodicy Essays on the Goodness of God, the Freedom of Man and the Origin of Evil It may be found in the standard collections of Leibniz's philosophical works. Theodicy Essays on the Goodness of God, the Freedom of Man and the Origin of Evil Leibniz wanted a term with a more general sound. Theodicy Essays on the Goodness of God, the Freedom of Man and the Origin of Evil The New Essays remained in Leibniz's desk, the Theodicy saw the light. Theodicy Essays on the Goodness of God, the Freedom of Man and the Origin of Evil To the writer of these pages, it appears clear, that Leibniz was sincere in his wishes for the reunion; and that, if he occasioned its failure, it was unintentionally. The Life of Hugo Grotius With Brief Minutes of the Civil, Ecclesiastical, and Literary History of the Netherlands It seems as though the reproachful description 'Deus ex machina' should be reserved for more arbitrary expedients than Aristotle's or Leibniz's, say for the occasionalist theory. Theodicy Essays on the Goodness of God, the Freedom of Man and the Origin of Evil If we condemn Leibniz for writing physical theology, we condemn not him but his age. Theodicy Essays on the Goodness of God, the Freedom of Man and the Origin of Evil We may therefore reject M. Leibniz's hypothesis as being impossible, since it is liable to greater difficulties than that of the Cartesians, which makes beasts to be mere machines. Theodicy Essays on the Goodness of God, the Freedom of Man and the Origin of Evil He also sent them to Locke, hoping that Locke would write a reply, and that Leibniz's reflexions and Locke's reply might be appended to the projected French translation. Theodicy Essays on the Goodness of God, the Freedom of Man and the Origin of Evil But, after this stage of the business, Molanus disappears, and Leibniz comes on the scene. The Life of Hugo Grotius With Brief Minutes of the Civil, Ecclesiastical, and Literary History of the Netherlands Leibniz distinguishes the spontaneous from the voluntary: many things occur in the mind, of itself, but not chosen by it. Theodicy Essays on the Goodness of God, the Freedom of Man and the Origin of Evil And yet what M. Leibniz supposes about the machine of a human body is more admirable and more surprising than all this. Theodicy Essays on the Goodness of God, the Freedom of Man and the Origin of Evil One is to define human choice in such a sense that it allows of pre-determination without ceasing to be choice; and this is Leibniz's method, and it can be studied at length in the Theodicy. Theodicy Essays on the Goodness of God, the Freedom of Man and the Origin of Evil Does the internal and active virtue communicated to the forms of bodies according to M. Leibniz know the train of actions which it is to produce? Theodicy Essays on the Goodness of God, the Freedom of Man and the Origin of Evil For their right to this splendid prerogative, they always found advocates in their own dominions: they reckon, among these, the illustrious Leibniz. The Life of Hugo Grotius With Brief Minutes of the Civil, Ecclesiastical, and Literary History of the Netherlands In 1696 Leibniz heard that a French translation of Locke's Essay concerning Human Understanding was being prepared at Amsterdam. Theodicy Essays on the Goodness of God, the Freedom of Man and the Origin of Evil The point of connexion between Rorarius and Leibniz was no more than this, that both held views about the souls of beasts. Theodicy Essays on the Goodness of God, the Freedom of Man and the Origin of Evil He was a scholar, a wit, and a philosophical sparring-partner of so perfectly convenient a kind that if we had not evidence of his historical reality, we might have suspected Leibniz of inventing him. Theodicy Essays on the Goodness of God, the Freedom of Man and the Origin of Evil The principal point developed by Leibniz is the richness of content which, according to him, is to be found in each 'simple substance'. Theodicy Essays on the Goodness of God, the Freedom of Man and the Origin of Evil The correspondence of Bossuet and Leibniz, under the auspices of Lewis the Fourteenth, for the reunion of the Lutheran Churches to the Church of Rome: IV. The Life of Hugo Grotius With Brief Minutes of the Civil, Ecclesiastical, and Literary History of the Netherlands Leibniz replies that his remark refers to the causality behind an action, not to the reasons for it. Theodicy Essays on the Goodness of God, the Freedom of Man and the Origin of Evil They dissatisfied Leibniz and they have certainly no less dissatisfied posterity. Theodicy Essays on the Goodness of God, the Freedom of Man and the Origin of Evil We are tempted to conclude that Leibniz has introduced the Deus ex machina with the fatal facility of his age. Theodicy Essays on the Goodness of God, the Freedom of Man and the Origin of Evil Leibniz, for example, writes with perfect seriousness and decency about the Christian scheme of redemption, but it hardly looks like being for him a crucial deliverance from perdition. Theodicy Essays on the Goodness of God, the Freedom of Man and the Origin of Evil From among this great mass various excerpts of philosophical interest have been made by successive editors of Leibniz's works. Theodicy Essays on the Goodness of God, the Freedom of Man and the Origin of Evil It will be enough for us here to consider what Leibniz did. Theodicy Essays on the Goodness of God, the Freedom of Man and the Origin of Evil There is a sort of choice Leibniz never so much as considers and which appears at least to fall quite outside his categories, and that is the sort of choice exercised in artistic creativity. Theodicy Essays on the Goodness of God, the Freedom of Man and the Origin of Evil He then proceeded to comment upon it in the following terms: 'There are some things in Mr. Leibniz's hypothesis that are liable to some difficulties, though they show the great extent of his genius. Theodicy Essays on the Goodness of God, the Freedom of Man and the Origin of Evil But on the whole Leibniz's writings suggest that the important decisions cut across all the Churches, and not between them. Theodicy Essays on the Goodness of God, the Freedom of Man and the Origin of Evil In the same year Leibniz wrote a very friendly letter to Bayle himself, offering further explanations of disputed points. Theodicy Essays on the Goodness of God, the Freedom of Man and the Origin of Evil It reflects the world of men and books which Leibniz knew; it expresses the theological setting of metaphysical speculation which still predominated in the first years of the eighteenth century. Theodicy Essays on the Goodness of God, the Freedom of Man and the Origin of Evil Leibniz is remembered for his philosophy; he was not a professional philosopher. Theodicy Essays on the Goodness of God, the Freedom of Man and the Origin of Evil If Leibniz had a profession in literature, it was history rather than philosophy. Theodicy Essays on the Goodness of God, the Freedom of Man and the Origin of Evil Leibniz was generally admired, but he was not widely trusted. Theodicy Essays on the Goodness of God, the Freedom of Man and the Origin of Evil Yes, but equally, everything happens as though Leibniz were a philosophical theologian, and his politics expressed his theology. Theodicy Essays on the Goodness of God, the Freedom of Man and the Origin of Evil Leibniz distinguishes: some uniform action is monotonous, but some is not. Theodicy Essays on the Goodness of God, the Freedom of Man and the Origin of Evil When Leibniz declares the harmony of monads to be pre-established by God, he is invoking the image of intelligent human pre-arrangement. Theodicy Essays on the Goodness of God, the Freedom of Man and the Origin of Evil I will therefore lay aside what I might reply to that part of M. Leibniz's answer. Theodicy Essays on the Goodness of God, the Freedom of Man and the Origin of Evil Everything happens as though Leibniz were a liberal politician, and his theology expressed his politics. Theodicy Essays on the Goodness of God, the Freedom of Man and the Origin of Evil Nor do I believe that it is more difficult for M. Leibniz than for the Cartesians or other philosophers, to free himself from the objection of a fatal mechanism which destroys human liberty. Theodicy Essays on the Goodness of God, the Freedom of Man and the Origin of Evil Posterity has reckoned Locke and Leibniz the heads of rival sects, but politically they were on the same side. Theodicy Essays on the Goodness of God, the Freedom of Man and the Origin of Evil The doctrine may have been in Leibniz's view simple, but it was applicable to every department of human speculation or enquiry. Theodicy Essays on the Goodness of God, the Freedom of Man and the Origin of Evil Every expositor of Leibniz who does not wish to be endlessly tedious must concentrate attention on one aspect of Leibniz's principle, and one source of its origin. Theodicy Essays on the Goodness of God, the Freedom of Man and the Origin of Evil From the moment when Leibniz became aware of himself as an independent thinker, he was the man of a doctrine. Theodicy Essays on the Goodness of God, the Freedom of Man and the Origin of Evil Leibniz, then, like all the philosophers of the seventeenth century, was reforming scholasticism in the light of a new physical science. Theodicy Essays on the Goodness of God, the Freedom of Man and the Origin of Evil We expect to see Leibniz starting on his shoulders and climbing on from there. Theodicy Essays on the Goodness of God, the Freedom of Man and the Origin of Evil Leibniz's solution is this: what are mere possibilities of thought for us are possibilities of action for God. Theodicy Essays on the Goodness of God, the Freedom of Man and the Origin of Evil One criticism of Leibniz's argument we cannot refrain from making. Theodicy Essays on the Goodness of God, the Freedom of Man and the Origin of Evil As a man with an idea, with a philosophical nostrum, Leibniz may be compared to Bishop Berkeley. Theodicy Essays on the Goodness of God, the Freedom of Man and the Origin of Evil If so, our minds are even more akin to the divine mind than Leibniz realized. Theodicy Essays on the Goodness of God, the Freedom of Man and the Origin of Evil Leibniz, not to be defeated, set to work upon the New Essays, in which the whole substance of Locke's book is systematically discussed in dialogue. Theodicy Essays on the Goodness of God, the Freedom of Man and the Origin of Evil But whence came Leibniz's more strictly metaphysical objections? Theodicy Essays on the Goodness of God, the Freedom of Man and the Origin of Evil Leibniz denied that he invoked God to intervene in nature, or that there was anything arbitrary or artificial about his physical theology. Theodicy Essays on the Goodness of God, the Freedom of Man and the Origin of Evil With Leibniz it is wholly different; he carries his new torch into every corner, to illuminate the dark questions. Theodicy Essays on the Goodness of God, the Freedom of Man and the Origin of Evil On the contrary, Leibniz is led to wrestle with many problems which beset any philosophical theism of the Christian type. Theodicy Essays on the Goodness of God, the Freedom of Man and the Origin of Evil And if we are to consider Leibniz historically, we cannot do better than take up his Theodicy, for two reasons. Theodicy Essays on the Goodness of God, the Freedom of Man and the Origin of Evil In one politically important particular the theological attitude of Leibniz differed from that of Locke. Theodicy Essays on the Goodness of God, the Freedom of Man and the Origin of Evil Leibniz hoped to relieve the situation by preaching a crusade. Theodicy Essays on the Goodness of God, the Freedom of Man and the Origin of Evil No contemporary practice was any better, and much of it a good deal worse, as Leibniz liked somewhat complacently to point out. Theodicy Essays on the Goodness of God, the Freedom of Man and the Origin of Evil What was Leibniz thinking of when the new principle flashed upon him? Theodicy Essays on the Goodness of God, the Freedom of Man and the Origin of Evil We will here give an account of the matter which, we trust, will go most directly to the heart of it, but we will make no claims to sufficient interpretation of Leibniz's thought-processes. Theodicy Essays on the Goodness of God, the Freedom of Man and the Origin of Evil Descartes, we all know, was reared in it, but then Descartes overthrew it; and he had done his work and died by the time that Leibniz was of an age to philosophize at all. Theodicy Essays on the Goodness of God, the Freedom of Man and the Origin of Evil The historical importance of Leibniz's ideas is anyhow unmistakable. Theodicy Essays on the Goodness of God, the Freedom of Man and the Origin of Evil Leibniz acknowledged Bayle's note in a further reply, which is written as though for publication. Theodicy Essays on the Goodness of God, the Freedom of Man and the Origin of Evil Leibniz wished to come to the English court of George I, but was unkindly ordered to attend to the duties of his librarianship. Theodicy Essays on the Goodness of God, the Freedom of Man and the Origin of Evil Leibniz himself tells us that he was raised in the scholastic teaching. Theodicy Essays on the Goodness of God, the Freedom of Man and the Origin of Evil The word 'entelechy' was, indeed, a piece of antiquity which Leibniz revived, but the thing for which it stood was the most familiar of current scholastic conceptions. Theodicy Essays on the Goodness of God, the Freedom of Man and the Origin of Evil It is at this point that Leibniz produces the speculative postulate of his system. Theodicy Essays on the Goodness of God, the Freedom of Man and the Origin of Evil This means, in effect, that Leibniz's system is not an unmitigated spiritual atomism. Theodicy Essays on the Goodness of God, the Freedom of Man and the Origin of Evil In military life these two factors are not always perfectly proportioned to one another, but in the order of Leibniz's universe they are. Theodicy Essays on the Goodness of God, the Freedom of Man and the Origin of Evil |
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