| 单词 | Kroeber |
| 例句 | Recognizing that his continent-wide estimate did not account for regional variation, Kroeber encouraged future scholars to seek out and analyze “sharply localized documentary evidence.” 1491 2005-10-10T00:00:00Z Alfred L. Kroeber, the renowned Berkeley anthropologist, built upon Mooney's work in the 1930s. 1491 2005-10-10T00:00:00Z Just 8.4 million Indians, Kroeber suggested, had lived in the entire hemisphere. 1491 2005-10-10T00:00:00Z Kroeber cut back the tally still further, to 900,000—a population density of less than one person for every six square miles. 1491 2005-10-10T00:00:00Z For all the clarity of Mr Kroeber’s writing, his book is heavy going for the general reader. Neither a bull nor a bear be 2016-04-28T04:00:00Z If the notion of a middle way sounds intuitively appealing, Arthur Kroeber’s book brings rigour to the debate to show why it is also the most likely outcome. Neither a bull nor a bear be 2016-04-28T04:00:00Z "The underlying principle is that healthcare is kind of like a social service that should principally be in state hands," said Arthur Kroeber, partner and head of research at Gavekal in New York. China's crackdowns rewrite investors' private sector playbook 2023-08-17T04:00:00Z "I think it is going to continue to be messy in implementation over the next month or two," as China dismantles the restrictions, Kroeber said. Global investors fly blind into China's messy post-COVID transition 2022-12-14T05:00:00Z Last year, the university stripped the name of Alfred Kroeber from the hall housing the anthropology department and museum. California museum returns massacre remains to Wiyot tribe 2022-01-28T05:00:00Z Alfred Louis Kroeber’s name was also removed from a UC Berkeley building after a committee found the anthropologist’s work on Native American remains to be “immoral and unethical.” UC Hastings College of the Law to rename school after reviewing founder's role in mass killings of Yuki Indians 2021-11-06T04:00:00Z Five minutes and two unsuccessful scans later, Kroeber had a Bud Light in his hand. Take me back to the ballgame: Nationals Park stadium employees return to work after a year without fans 2021-04-06T04:00:00Z Kroeber says the crackdowns are about "defining what the state does, what the private sector does, and creating a more limited sandbox for the private sector to play in." China's crackdowns rewrite investors' private sector playbook 2023-08-17T04:00:00Z And across the Bay the administration at the University of California, Berkeley, on Tuesday unnamed Kroeber Hall. It’s Liberals vs. Liberals in San Francisco After Schools Erase Contested Names 2021-01-28T05:00:00Z Kroeber, a pioneer in American anthropology, collected or authorized collection of Native American remains for research. California museum returns massacre remains to Wiyot tribe 2022-01-28T05:00:00Z Mr. Kroeber said the authorities did not seem eager for a repeat of last year’s draconian response. To Avoid an Outbreak, China Cancels Lunar New Year for Millions of Migrants 2021-01-28T05:00:00Z Kroeber Hall, built in 1959, houses the anthropology department, the Phoebe Hearst Museum of Anthropology and the Worth Ryder Art Gallery. UC Berkeley removes Kroeber Hall name, citing namesake’s 'immoral' work with Native Americans 2021-01-27T05:00:00Z They were there to “boost stoke,” as Chad Kroeber, the blond surfer dude, put it. Mariachi bands and YouTube celebs: Voting at Dodger Stadium on election day 2020-11-03T05:00:00Z Among other reasons cited, Mr. Kroeber “collected or authorized the collection of the remains of Native American ancestors from grave sites and curated a repository of these human remains for research study,” the committee said. It’s Liberals vs. Liberals in San Francisco After Schools Erase Contested Names 2021-01-28T05:00:00Z Arthur Kroeber, the managing director of Gavekal Dragonomics, a research firm in Beijing, said, “Almost immediately, I started hearing complaints from foreign companies about how conditions had changed to create advantages for domestic Chinese firms.” The Future of America’s Contest with China 2020-01-06T05:00:00Z “They are trying to walk a tightrope,” Mr. Kroeber said. To Avoid an Outbreak, China Cancels Lunar New Year for Millions of Migrants 2021-01-28T05:00:00Z Several faculty members argued the name removal was incomplete and unjust to Kroeber, arguing that his work salvaged some of the history and culture of Native tribes following the killing of indigenous people. UC Berkeley removes Kroeber Hall name, citing namesake’s 'immoral' work with Native Americans 2021-01-27T05:00:00Z In 1925, AL Kroeber, a local anthropologist, declared that the Ohlone people were “extinct so far as all practical purposes are concerned”. Native American 'land taxes:' a step on the roadmap for reparations 2019-12-31T05:00:00Z Then she made her way to California, where she studied at Berkeley with the cultural anthropologist A. L. Kroeber, before being tapped to work with Claude Lévi-Strauss, in São Paulo. Joan Didion’s Early Novels of American Womanhood 2019-11-25T05:00:00Z “Total revenue of U.S. companies and affiliates in China in 2017, for one year, is five hundred and forty-four billion dollars,” Kroeber told me. The Future of America’s Contest with China 2020-01-06T05:00:00Z “In terms of regime legitimacy, this helps Xi’s hold on power,” said Arthur Kroeber, managing director of Gavekal Dragonomics, an independent economic research firm. In Trade War, China’s Hard-Line Stance Risks Economy 2019-08-06T04:00:00Z Kroeber’s work focused on Native communities in California. UC Berkeley removes Kroeber Hall name, citing namesake’s 'immoral' work with Native Americans 2021-01-27T05:00:00Z She was 87 when she died July 23 at a retirement community in Chicago, five days after suffering a stroke, according to her nephew David Kroeber. Lois Wille, two-time Pulitzer winner and pillar of Chicago journalism, dies at 87 2019-07-28T04:00:00Z Kroeber, the China consultant, said Ma’s statement is probably sending another sort of message. Jack Ma scraps his pledge to create 1 million U.S. jobs. But was it ever serious? 2018-09-20T04:00:00Z Kroeber, the China consultant, said Ma's Wednesday statement probably is sending another sort of message. Jack Ma scraps his pledge to create a million U.S. jobs. But was it ever serious? 2018-09-20T04:00:00Z “It certainly is a very capacious arena for opportunists, that’s for sure,” Mr. Kroeber added. China’s Plan to Win Friends and Influence Includes Ski Slopes and Spas 2018-08-01T04:00:00Z Paul Fine, a UC Berkeley professor and chair of the committee, said they received powerful letters from Native American student groups who shared what Kroeber signified to them. UC Berkeley removes Kroeber Hall name, citing namesake’s 'immoral' work with Native Americans 2021-01-27T05:00:00Z The older of two children, Lois Jean Kroeber was born in Chicago on Sept. 19, 1931, and raised in the northwest suburb of Arlington Heights. Lois Wille, two-time Pulitzer winner and pillar of Chicago journalism, dies at 87 2019-07-28T04:00:00Z Scott Kroeber was the captain of the elite Metropolitan Division in 2005, when Arcos came in as a lieutenant charged with implementing changes recommended by top brass. A closer look at the three finalists for LAPD chief 2018-05-18T04:00:00Z "He's signaling that he no longer believes that constructive engagement with the U.S. is possible," Kroeber said. Jack Ma scraps his pledge to create a million U.S. jobs. But was it ever serious? 2018-09-20T04:00:00Z "Consensus is growing in Washington that the U.S. is in a race with China for technical leadership," Arthur Kroeber, managing director of Beijing research firm Gavekal Dragonomics, said he recently told clients. How ‘Made in China 2025’ became the real threat in a trade war 2018-04-24T04:00:00Z Mr. Kroeber said a united front against China would be more effective than American tariffs alone, but so far Mr. Trump has not managed to build one. Why China Is Confident It Can Beat Trump in a Trade War 2018-04-05T04:00:00Z "China is playing this very smartly, doing just enough retaliation to prove it's serious," said Arthur Kroeber, managing director of Gavekal Dragonomics, a Beijing research firm. China announces retaliatory tariffs on U.S. goods, deepening fears of a trade war 2018-03-23T04:00:00Z Kroeber remembers Arcos as a "people-oriented" manager who cared so much about his police officers that he would agonize over what degree of discipline to give them. A closer look at the three finalists for LAPD chief 2018-05-18T04:00:00Z Mr. Liu is “a steady pair of hands who has apparently managed many economic issues competently over the past couple of years,” said Arthur Kroeber, managing director of Gavekal Dragonomics, an independent economic research firm. Xi Taps Harvard-Educated Adviser to Tighten Grip on China’s Economy 2018-03-19T04:00:00Z The Kroeber family spent summers at the Kishamish ranch in the idyllic Napa Valley, in an intellectual milieu embracing Native American and European friends. Ursula K. Le Guin: an anthropologist of other worlds 2018-02-22T05:00:00Z “My impression is that there is in Washington an exaggerated sense of how painful these tariffs might be” in China, said Arthur R. Kroeber, managing director of Gavekal Dragonomics, a research firm in Beijing. Why China Is Confident It Can Beat Trump in a Trade War 2018-04-05T04:00:00Z In addition to that, Kroeber said he'd made a point of tapping exclusively female artists — five in all — to collaborate on the art that filled the presentation space. At N.Y. Fashion Week, there's no one-size-fits-all approach to exploring the Time's Up, #MeToo era 2018-02-14T05:00:00Z Berkeley anthropologists, Alfred Kroeber and Thomas Waterman, arranged for him to live in an apartment at a San Francisco museum. California Today: A Proposal to Split California Into Three 2017-08-30T04:00:00Z But Kroeber said he still did not expect Trump to embark on a “stupid and self-defeating trade war” with China. China vows to step up air, sea patrols after U.S. warship sails near disputed island 2017-07-02T04:00:00Z He ended up living with the director of the museum of anthropology at the University of California, Alfred Kroeber. Dystopian dreams: how feminist science fiction predicted the future 2017-03-25T04:00:00Z Her father was Alfred L. Kroeber, one of the most influential cultural anthropologists of the past century. The Fantastic Ursula K. Le Guin 2016-10-10T04:00:00Z And we definitely put Kroeber's efforts here in the "done better" category. At N.Y. Fashion Week, there's no one-size-fits-all approach to exploring the Time's Up, #MeToo era 2018-02-14T05:00:00Z “China is a richer, more diverse and more self-confident country than it used to be,” Kroeber said. Obama makes progress on climate change, the bright spot in his China policy 2016-09-03T04:00:00Z Arthur Kroeber, one of the most prolific and respected China economists, said, “Let’s say China grew ten per cent; I would be surprised if more than 0.1% of this is due to the one-child policy.” How Did the One-Child Policy Change China?: An Interview with Mei Fong 2015-11-02T05:00:00Z He taught Kroeber as much as he could: demonstrated the skills of flint-knapping, explained his language, told the stories of his people one last time so they could be written down and preserved. Dystopian dreams: how feminist science fiction predicted the future 2017-03-25T04:00:00Z If it was difficult to be the youngest and most precocious of the Kroeber children, leaving the house to enter the world made Ursula feel like “an exile in a Siberia of adolescent social mores.” The Fantastic Ursula K. Le Guin 2016-10-10T04:00:00Z The history of inventions, writes the historian Alfred Kroeber, is “one endless chain of parallel instances.” The Myth of Basic Science 2015-10-24T04:00:00Z “The currency is being let off the leash right at the moment when market sentiment on China is pessimistic,” Kroeber wrote Wednesday. China’s yuan move puts global image at stake 2015-08-12T04:00:00Z And yet, Kroeber added, “my confidence level is only slightly above fifty per cent” that the reforms will be enough to head off a recession. Rise of the Red Prince 2015-03-30T04:00:00Z He was particularly fond of children, Kroeber recorded. Dystopian dreams: how feminist science fiction predicted the future 2017-03-25T04:00:00Z Ursula Kroeber was born in Berkeley, in 1929, into a family busy with the reading, recording, telling, and inventing of stories. The Fantastic Ursula K. Le Guin 2016-10-10T04:00:00Z Is the well-known Kroeber correct in not being concerned? Why China Won't Manage The Great Debt Escape 2015-03-15T04:00:00Z Some typological differences may exist between the pottery of those settlements and the pottery in Kroeber's collection, which is from Mohave Valley. Mohave Pottery 2012-04-26T02:00:09.420Z For the middle Merced Valley, from a point some ten miles below El Portal to the base of the foothills, Kroeber and Merriam both list 14 villages, to which Merriam alone adds another 10. The Aboriginal Population of the San Joaquin Valley, California 2012-02-06T03:00:12.387Z "My concern is that when we look at the numbers they are very reminiscent of early 2008 and that was not a good scene," said Arthur Kroeber of economics consultancy Dragonomics. Analysis: Crisis casts doubt on China rebalancing plans 2011-11-24T08:58:40Z The Kroeber household was full of voices as well as stories. The Fantastic Ursula K. Le Guin 2016-10-10T04:00:00Z “In the next 20 years, more and more people are going to switch from cash to credit cards,” said Arthur Kroeber, managing director of GaveKal-Dragonomics, a Beijing-based economics research firm. U.S. credit card firms want to get more plastic into Chinese wallets 2011-07-30T02:12:00Z The feather-decorated baskets offer evidence, as Barrett and Kroeber have indicated, that Drake landed on the coast immediately north of San Francisco Bay. Francis Drake and the California Indians, 1579 2011-05-26T02:00:16.780Z Merriam's "Mewuk List" mentions 13 sites on each of the two streams, including the 6 given by Kroeber in the Handbook. The Aboriginal Population of the San Joaquin Valley, California 2012-02-06T03:00:12.387Z "For most Chinese companies the aim is to provide 80 percent of global best quality but at 50 percent of the cost," said Kroeber. Special report: Can China's billions spur the next big idea? 2011-05-05T08:27:46Z “My view is they absolutely don’t need it,” Mr. Kroeber said of the one-child policy. As China Ages, Birthrate Policy May Prove Difficult to Reverse 2011-04-07T00:20:28Z But Mr. Kroeber said he did not expect quick results. Economy the Focus as Chinese Legislatures Convene 2011-03-02T19:10:12Z Kroeber states that these baskets "served as gifts and treasures; and above all they were destroyed in honor of the dead." Francis Drake and the California Indians, 1579 2011-05-26T02:00:16.780Z This follows Kroeber's tribal boundary between the Maidu and the Sierra Miwok. The Aboriginal Population of the San Joaquin Valley, California 2012-02-06T03:00:12.387Z "There's a political constraint, too," said Arthur Kroeber, managing director of GaveKal-Dragonomics in Beijing. Special report: Can China's billions spur the next big idea? 2011-05-05T08:27:46Z Arthur Kroeber of Dragonomics, a Beijing-based research firm, argues that if higher inflation reflects faster wage growth, this will help China, not hurt it. Economics focus: Learning to like inflation 2011-02-17T10:44:59Z Arthur Kroeber, a Beijing-based consultant and editor of the China Economic Quarterly, goes so far as to call the currency discussion a distraction. Economic Scene: The Real Problem With China 2011-01-12T01:55:02Z The latter part of this statement cannot be maintained seriously in the face of Kroeber's presentation of direct evidence to the contrary. Francis Drake and the California Indians, 1579 2011-05-26T02:00:16.780Z Kroeber gives only 20 villages on all three streams, most of them on the Mokelumne. The Aboriginal Population of the San Joaquin Valley, California 2012-02-06T03:00:12.387Z Some of the new highways may be empty, but Kroeber, the editor of the China Economic Quarterly, said the high-speed trains are mostly full. Can China Discover the Urge to Splurge? 2010-11-24T14:50:00Z “Wen’s speech is part of a discussion on the structure of growth,” said Arthur Kroeber, the managing director of the Beijing-based economic research group Dragonomics. Talk of Reform to Enliven Leaders? Meeting in China 2010-09-30T03:36:00Z “What exactly there is to be gained by quibbling over a point or two in the annual appreciation rate,” Mr. Kroeber says, “is beyond me.” Economic Scene: The Real Problem With China 2011-01-12T01:55:02Z A. L. Kroeber says, "The passage is a somewhat prolix mixture of narration and depiction...." Francis Drake and the California Indians, 1579 2011-05-26T02:00:16.780Z Gilbert was referring explicitly to the lower course of the rivers, whereas the villages cited by Kroeber were definitely above this region in the foothills. The Aboriginal Population of the San Joaquin Valley, California 2012-02-06T03:00:12.387Z Recent alarm over the expanding role of the state, said Arthur Kroeber of Dragonomics, an economic forecasting firm based in Beijing, is mostly “perception catching up with reality.” Far From Withering, State Business in China Grows 2010-08-29T22:13:00Z Arthur Kroeber, the Beijing-based managing director of economic consultancy Dragonomics, estimates that actual inflation may exceed the official figure by not much more than one percentage point. What's China's Real Inflation Rate? 2010-08-26T21:00:00Z "This is the thin end of a very long wedge," said Arthur Kroeber, managing director of GaveKal-Dragonomics, a research firm. Labor unrest in China reflects changing demographics, more awareness of rights 2010-06-07T04:00:00Z Kroeber has suggested that the Indians regarded the English as the returned dead, and there is much to be said for this view, as will be shown later. Francis Drake and the California Indians, 1579 2011-05-26T02:00:16.780Z Half of these, or 300, may have been Pitkachi, a tribe for which Kroeber lists 3 villages. The Aboriginal Population of the San Joaquin Valley, California 2012-02-06T03:00:12.387Z And then it stopped working,” Arthur Kroeber, the managing director of Dragonomics, a Beijing-based economic forecasting firm, said in an interview. Memo From Beijing: Chinese Economy Treads a Risky Path. (Just Ask Japan.) 2010-05-26T02:10:00Z The Finance Ministry and other government supporters of the tax will eventually prevail, Mr. Kroeber said, overcoming resistance from officials who say it will hurt the value of their own real estate investments. Letter from China: China's Rich Debate Tax on Property 2010-03-16T17:10:00Z These are the sources of the values given by Kroeber and Waterman. The Aboriginal Population of the North Coast of California Elmendorf and I have agreed with Kroeber that Petah is probably to be linked with the word "potato" in one or another of its various forms. Francis Drake and the California Indians, 1579 2011-05-26T02:00:16.780Z This places the village, according to the maps of Kroeber and of Gayton, at or just above Lemon Cove in the territory ascribed by these ethnographers to the Wukchamni. The Aboriginal Population of the San Joaquin Valley, California 2012-02-06T03:00:12.387Z This informant considered Professor Kroeber as an authority second only to himself in matters pertaining to Indians. Washo Religion “They will come to grips with this,” Mr. Kroeber said in an interview. Letter from China: China's Rich Debate Tax on Property 2010-03-16T17:10:00Z Under each village name are assembled such facts as I can find in the writings of Kroeber and Waterman bearing on the existence of the town. The Aboriginal Population of the North Coast of California A. L. Kroeber and Clark Wissler, among others, have shown that the decorative art on the moccasins, leggings, tents, food bags, etc., of the Indians, all representing a highly conventionalized symbol, expresses religious motives throughout. The Sex Worship and Symbolism of Primitive Races An Interpretation Kroeber mentions three villages remembered by modern informants. The Aboriginal Population of the San Joaquin Valley, California 2012-02-06T03:00:12.387Z Exposure to such influences as the writings of Kroeber and Huxley has only confirmed his essentially Indian viewpoint. Washo Religion The resemblances are so many that certain writers, namely, Hose and McDougall, Kroeber, and Laufer are inclined to credit them to common historical influences. The Tinguian Social, Religious, and Economic Life of a Philippine Tribe The letter "R" indicates that the town appeared on Randall's map of 1866 but was not adequately discussed by Waterman or Kroeber. The Aboriginal Population of the North Coast of California For one of them, Kroeber says that there was a dance house present, which makes the site a nohot instead of a rancheria. The Aboriginal Population of the North Coast of California Indeed, the failure of Kroeber and Schenck to consider them seriously makes it necessary to set forth in some detail the information about them contained in the Spanish reports. The Aboriginal Population of the San Joaquin Valley, California 2012-02-06T03:00:12.387Z However, Kroeber reports awe of the bear, special euphemisms for them, and ritualized secrecy about hunting them among the Miwok which seem more closely related to Washo behavior. Washo Religion The Tanom, living on the Eel River to the northwest, are credited by Kroeber with six "divisions," the names for which he gives. The Aboriginal Population of the North Coast of California Kroeber states unequivocally that he cannot concede to the Yurok a population greater than 2,500. The Aboriginal Population of the North Coast of California Kroeber in taking over Barrett's list refers to them as "main settlements." The Aboriginal Population of the North Coast of California There are about 150 miles of stream in these systems east of a line running from Porterville to Bakersfield, a line which Kroeber takes as the approximate westward limit of the foothill tribes. The Aboriginal Population of the San Joaquin Valley, California 2012-02-06T03:00:12.387Z When Kroeber originally formulated an estimate of the population of the Pomo communities, based largely upon Barrett's study, he set the average per community at 100. The Aboriginal Population of the North Coast of California The average we get here is 287, considerably larger than Kroeber would allow. The Aboriginal Population of the North Coast of California Yet the best ethnographic data we possess, much of it assembled by Kroeber himself, indicate a population of 3,100 to 3,200. The Aboriginal Population of the North Coast of California However, all the available evidence seems to support the conclusion that, for the Clear Lake region at least, the community size was somewhat larger than stated by Kroeber. The Aboriginal Population of the North Coast of California Kroeber thinks they may have reached a population of 1,000, which seems a reasonable figure. The Aboriginal Population of the San Joaquin Valley, California 2012-02-06T03:00:12.387Z Kroeber says that "it was admitted as a native name, but untranslated." The Aboriginal Population of the North Coast of California Throughout the last half-century, and beginning with the pioneer work of Barrett and Kroeber, ethnographers have employed the informant method almost exclusively. The Aboriginal Population of the North Coast of California Kroeber shows otwego as an intermittently occupied village on his map and calls it somewhat doubtful as a separate village on p. The Aboriginal Population of the North Coast of California The village lists for the Yurok follow Waterman and Kroeber quite closely. The Aboriginal Population of the North Coast of California Kroeber's account, which accompanies his discussion of the Plains Miwok and northern Yokuts in the Handbook of California Indians, is manifestly incomplete. The Aboriginal Population of the San Joaquin Valley, California 2012-02-06T03:00:12.387Z In a similar manner Waterman's list may be compared with Kroeber's list from informants and from the 1852 census. The Aboriginal Population of the North Coast of California The key to the controversy seems to lie in Kroeber's decision that house sites and pits must be reduced by a factor of one-third in order to compute population. The Aboriginal Population of the North Coast of California Shown on Kroeber's map as a standard town. The Aboriginal Population of the North Coast of California In other words the data furnished by Kroeber's informants and presented in the table on page 18 were not based upon the actual or presumptive number of pits but on inhabited houses. The Aboriginal Population of the North Coast of California Kroeber refers to the village of Ochehak and considers it a "political community." The Aboriginal Population of the San Joaquin Valley, California 2012-02-06T03:00:12.387Z By Kroeber's own admission therefore a one-third reduction for these Yurok towns would not only be unnecessary but would lead to entirely false conclusions. The Aboriginal Population of the North Coast of California Kroeber is not clear whether he means house pits existing on the ground in 1910 or pits which might have been visible had there been no destruction due to floods or mining subsequent to 1850. The Aboriginal Population of the North Coast of California There is nothing to indicate in the work of either Loud or Nomland and Kroeber that informants were not thinking in terms of inhabited houses rather than total deserted houses or house pits. The Aboriginal Population of the North Coast of California On Kroeber's map as not a permanent settlement. The Aboriginal Population of the North Coast of California The existence of this letter evidently was not known to either Kroeber or Schenck. The Aboriginal Population of the San Joaquin Valley, California 2012-02-06T03:00:12.387Z Waterman, Kroeber, and Merriam all agree that this was a camp site. The Aboriginal Population of the North Coast of California Recognizing this deficiency in Loud's data, Nomland and Kroeber secured the services of an informant who was born in 1860 in this area and had lived there all his life. The Aboriginal Population of the North Coast of California Kroeber has tabulated these himself and shows that, despite variation in individual detail, the total for Ned is 60 and that for Curtis is 57-60. The Aboriginal Population of the North Coast of California With respect to Kroeber's principle of a one-third reduction in the number of houses the same considerations apply as with the Yurok data. The Aboriginal Population of the North Coast of California Kroeber seems to have been thus deceived in his discussion of the population of the Yokuts. The Aboriginal Population of the San Joaquin Valley, California 2012-02-06T03:00:12.387Z On the basis of such distinctions Kroeber reduces the total count by a factor of one-sixth. The Aboriginal Population of the North Coast of California Kroeber's list shows 108 towns plus 10 mentioned by Curtis as being in Karok territory on the Salmon River. The Aboriginal Population of the North Coast of California This is a little smaller than Kroeber's total for the same sites of 254. The Aboriginal Population of the North Coast of California By Kroeber's own showing Curtis' counts are as reliable in the aggregate as those of Ned. The Aboriginal Population of the North Coast of California We may now add the 10 villages on the Salmon River cited from Curtis by Kroeber and, to be conservative, assign an average count of 3 houses each. The Aboriginal Population of the North Coast of California Although they are mentioned "in early sources" as being in the area Kroeber nevertheless does not think they should be added to his list. The Aboriginal Population of the North Coast of California They are probably the "5 other villages in and above Hupa Valley, not positively identified" which are cited in the Yurok list by Kroeber on page 131. The Aboriginal Population of the North Coast of California The numbering is purely arbitrary and is based on Kroeber's list. The Aboriginal Population of the North Coast of California Another approach is through the data furnished by Kroeber on page 131 of the Handbook. The Aboriginal Population of the North Coast of California Although Kroeber feels that there was no population decline, apart from the effect of warfare on the males just mentioned, I cannot agree with him. The Aboriginal Population of the North Coast of California Kroeber thus defeats his own argument with respect to the small decline and protected position of the Karok and Hupa. The Aboriginal Population of the North Coast of California It is probably preferable to retain Kroeber's terminology without prejudice to Merriam simply because Kroeber's names are at the present time much the more widely accepted and used. The Aboriginal Population of the North Coast of California Kroeber's estimate of 45 is thus quite close. The Aboriginal Population of the North Coast of California Kroeber considers that the customary one-third reduction should apply and in this instance with considerable justification, since there were no living informants and the villages had not been inhabited since the 1850's. The Aboriginal Population of the North Coast of California When Kroeber has no other data, he recommends a reduction by one-sixth. The Aboriginal Population of the North Coast of California There were eight major subdivisions or subtribes, the spelling of whose names and the precise boundaries of whose territories are slightly differently presented by Kroeber and Foster. The Aboriginal Population of the North Coast of California There is no clear evidence to justify a larger estimate and on the other hand the whole context of both Kroeber's and Foster's discussion gives the impression of a group approaching 200 persons in number. The Aboriginal Population of the North Coast of California Kroeber would of course reduce by one-third but the reasons for so doing are no more compelling with this than with any other tribe. The Aboriginal Population of the North Coast of California Kroeber's group B includes the village of Pomo, which is not mentioned by Foster. The Aboriginal Population of the North Coast of California In addition, Kroeber includes in this group 6 villages in Williams Valley. The Aboriginal Population of the North Coast of California This seems to be an instance where Kroeber's earlier informants could recall villages which Foster's later ones had forgotten, for there is no ground for doubting the accuracy of Kroeber's work. The Aboriginal Population of the North Coast of California There is no doubt that both authors are referring to communities or, as Kroeber calls them, "political units." The Aboriginal Population of the North Coast of California Merriam deviated from Kroeber very widely in his tribal names for the Athapascan groups. The Aboriginal Population of the North Coast of California This is three times Kroeber's estimate but conforms to the general level found in this review of the Northwest California tribes. The Aboriginal Population of the North Coast of California Barrett and Kroeber have assembled, to be sure mainly from the tradition handed down to informants by their ancestors, a quite impressive list of villages. The Aboriginal Population of the North Coast of California Kroeber remarks: "Apparently the two 'capitals' Lok-noma and Lakah-yomi stood close together, while their territories stretched apart, a condition for which there is precedent." The Aboriginal Population of the North Coast of California On the whole it is probable, as Kroeber concluded, that two towns are involved. The Aboriginal Population of the North Coast of California This is somewhat greater than Kroeber's estimate of 500 to 600. The Aboriginal Population of the North Coast of California The other may have been near by, as stated by Kroeber, or it may have been in Pope Valley, as suggested by Merriam. The Aboriginal Population of the North Coast of California This village must be omitted because of the doubt cast by Kroeber's informant. The Aboriginal Population of the North Coast of California |
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