英语词汇“Irenaeus”造句子简单的方法、技巧、例句及翻译-英语例句辞典

By acknowledging that Joseph is, in fact, only Jesus's foster father, while tracing his 76 known antecedents – Saint Irenaeus could only track 72 – Luke shows that Jesus is definitely descended straight from God. Jesus of Nazareth: The Infancy Narratives by Pope Benedict XVI – digested read 2012-11-25T19:30:02Z

He was specific, requesting a sermon “based upon Luke’s birth narrative, with quotations from Karl Barth, Martin Luther, Irenaeus of Lyon, and Barack Obama.” Pastors’ view: Sermons written by ChatGPT will have no soul 2023-02-15T05:00:00Z

“It is the Father who imparts continuance forever on those who are saved,” Irenaeus wrote. The Campaign to Eliminate Hell 2016-05-13T04:00:00Z

Gnostics were baptised - according to their Catholic opponent Irenaeus - with the words: "Into the name of the unknown Father of the universe - into Truth, the mother of all things". Why is God mostly referred to as a male? - BBC News 2015-06-02T04:00:00Z

While severely condemning, both Irenaeus and Tertullian distinguished schismatics from heretics. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 13, Slice 3 "Helmont, Jean" to "Hernosand" 2012-04-14T02:00:23.707Z

"Go to the oldest churches," says St. Irenaeus. The Catholic World; Volume I, Issues 1-6 A Monthly Eclectic Magazine 2012-04-05T02:00:40.207Z

A fuller account is given in the Expositor of July 1893, and contains references to the following passages:—Irenaeus iii. The Traditional Text of the Holy Gospels 2012-02-24T03:00:31.020Z

To St. Irenaeus, then, the Church was "the irrefragable witness of its own legation." The Works of Robert G. Ingersoll, Vol. 6 (of 12) Dresden Edition?Discussions 2012-02-11T03:04:02.353Z

The time when Irenaeus was born is variously stated. The Christ Of Paul Or, The Enigmas of Christianity 2011-12-24T03:08:04.237Z

But in Irenaeus the term has already come to designate the whole movement. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 12, Slice 2 "Gloss" to "Gordon, Charles George" 2011-10-31T02:00:28.703Z

Fell's “praepropera opinio;” he merely stated as universally true what for the most part certainly is so.141.Take the case of Irenaeus, in some respects the most important of them all. A Plain Introduction to the Criticism of the New Testament, Vol. II. 2011-06-30T02:00:31.117Z

Midway between the two places cited above, Irenaeus shews how the four Gospels may be severally identified with the four living creatures described in the Apocalypse. The Traditional Text of the Holy Gospels 2012-02-24T03:00:31.020Z

He shows its affinity with the text of Irenaeus, and discovers traces in it of Montanism. A Plain Introduction to the Criticism of the New Testament, Vol. I. 2011-06-30T02:00:27.850Z

We possess a very scanty account of the personal history of Irenaeus. The Christ Of Paul Or, The Enigmas of Christianity 2011-12-24T03:08:04.237Z

Both the systems which are handed down under his name by Irenaeus and Hippolytus, that of emanations and the monistic-evolutionary system, represent further developments of his ideas with a tendency away from dualism towards monism. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 12, Slice 2 "Gloss" to "Gordon, Charles George" 2011-10-31T02:00:28.703Z

Of the Greek Fathers, the scanty Greek remains of Irenaeus and the works of Origen are all that are employed; but considerable weight is given to the readings of the Latin version. A Plain Introduction to the Criticism of the New Testament, Vol. II. 2011-06-30T02:00:31.117Z

Neither Irenaeus, Clement of Alexandria, or Jerome, who refer to other works of Tatian, make any mention of this. When Were Our Gospels Written? 2011-05-31T02:00:32.283Z

The Stichometry in question follows the list of the names of the seventy disciples, which list is here assigned to Irenaeus, bishop of Lugdunum. A Plain Introduction to the Criticism of the New Testament, Vol. I. 2011-06-30T02:00:27.850Z

Among the many strong and representative men who have impressed their genius on the Catholic Church, and given to it its distinctive features, none have equalled Irenaeus, the Bishop of Lyons. The Christ Of Paul Or, The Enigmas of Christianity 2011-12-24T03:08:04.237Z

The Roman bishop thereupon broke off communion with them; but he was rebuked by Irenaeus, of Lyons, and it was agreed by his mediation that each party should retain its customs. Our Calendar 2011-05-25T02:00:17.450Z

His illustration is the statement of Irenaeus in Matt. i. A Plain Introduction to the Criticism of the New Testament, Vol. II. 2011-06-30T02:00:31.117Z

Irenaeus was elected in 2001 as the patriarch of Jerusalem, normally a position for life. Jerusalem Journal: A Monk in Confinement, Fighting for His Title 2011-03-07T21:58:43Z

We must not forget that the church of Irenaeus was Greek. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 9, Slice 8 "Ethiopia" to "Evangelical Association" 2011-03-05T03:00:24.537Z

That it was something new in the time of Irenaeus is evident from the fact that he is called upon and employed his genius to defend it. The Christ Of Paul Or, The Enigmas of Christianity 2011-12-24T03:08:04.237Z

While Irenaeus held fast the traditional eschatological beliefs, yet his conception of the Christian salvation as a deification of man tended to weaken their hold on Christian thought. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 9, Slice 7 "Equation" to "Ethics" 2011-02-27T03:00:31.973Z

So again of a doubtful passage which we shall examine in Chapter XII, Irenaeus cites Acts viii. A Plain Introduction to the Criticism of the New Testament, Vol. II. 2011-06-30T02:00:31.117Z

Irenaeus was once the patriarch of Jerusalem, the highest authority of this ancient branch of the Orthodox Church, until he was ousted from his position in 2005. Jerusalem Journal: A Monk in Confinement, Fighting for His Title 2011-03-07T21:58:43Z

The title “To the Ephesians” is found in the Muratorian canon, in Irenaeus, Tertullian and Clement of Alexandria, as well as in all the earliest MSS. and versions. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 9, Slice 6 "English Language" to "Epsom Salts" 2011-02-19T03:00:59.807Z

If this Gospel had been written by John, it would have been, at the time Irenaeus wrote, nearly one hundred years old, and its claims settled years before he was born. The Christ Of Paul Or, The Enigmas of Christianity 2011-12-24T03:08:04.237Z

It was written during the second century at Lyons, by Irenaeus, a bishop of Gaul, far from any direct contact with the still flourishing Gnosticism. The Fairy-Faith in Celtic Countries 2011-01-06T03:00:47.543Z

He is not mentioned by Irenaeus and his date is uncertain, but probably his work is to be assigned to the 857 end of the 2nd century. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 3, Slice 7 "Bible" to "Bisectrix" 2010-12-20T17:12:05.780Z

Irenaeus “will be homeless” if he leaves the compound, Mr. Robbins said. Jerusalem Journal: A Monk in Confinement, Fighting for His Title 2011-03-07T21:58:43Z

It lingered on as applied to the Seventy3—by Irenaeus, Tertullian, Clement and Origen— and even to Clement of Rome, by Clem. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 2, Slice 3 "Apollodorus" to "Aral"

The paternal solicitude of Irenaeus in support of this new phase of Christianity is conspicuously displayed in the third book of his work against Heresies. The Christ Of Paul Or, The Enigmas of Christianity 2011-12-24T03:08:04.237Z

Irenaeus, Clement of Alexandria and Origen quote it as Scripture, though in Africa it was not held in such high consideration, as Tertullian speaks slightingly of it. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 2, Slice 2 "Anjar" to "Apollo"

Hence Irenaeus applies the epithets divine and perfect to the Scriptures; and Clement of Alexandria calls them inspired. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 5, Slice 2 "Camorra" to "Cape Colony"

Defenders of Irenaeus say that he was manipulated by stronger forces on the property deals, which are being contested in the Israeli courts. Jerusalem Journal: A Monk in Confinement, Fighting for His Title 2011-03-07T21:58:43Z

Of the notion of apostolic succession in ministerial grace conferred by ordination, there is little or no trace before Irenaeus. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 2, Slice 3 "Apollodorus" to "Aral"

The character of Irenaeus and probable time of his birth.— The Christ Of Paul Or, The Enigmas of Christianity 2011-12-24T03:08:04.237Z

Gospel of Truth.—This gospel is mentioned by Irenaeus i. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 2, Slice 2 "Anjar" to "Apollo"

The probable battle-ground of the future between the opposing theories lies in the writings of Irenaeus. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 7, Slice 6 "Coucy-le-Château" to "Crocodile"

Representatives of Theophilos, however, argue that Irenaeus is a captive by choice. Jerusalem Journal: A Monk in Confinement, Fighting for His Title 2011-03-07T21:58:43Z

Towards the end of the 2nd century they were combined by Irenaeus, bishop of Lyons. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 6, Slice 3 "Chitral" to "Cincinnati"

His partiality for traditions.—The claim of the Gnostics, that Christ did not suffer, the origin of the fourth Gospel.—Irenaeus the writer. The Christ Of Paul Or, The Enigmas of Christianity 2011-12-24T03:08:04.237Z

Justin Martyr and Irenaeus, both Fathers of the 2nd century, speak of the Eucharist as a sacrifice. The Church Handy Dictionary

But there is always the possibility to be faced that Irenaeus drew his creed from Rome rather than Asia Minor. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 7, Slice 6 "Coucy-le-Château" to "Crocodile"

Irenaeus described his confinement as a kind of “martyrdom” imposed by hostile forces “aiming for our psychological and bodily annihilation.” Jerusalem Journal: A Monk in Confinement, Fighting for His Title 2011-03-07T21:58:43Z

"Without a Bible," says St. Irenaeus, writing in the second century, "they received, from the Church, teaching sufficient for the salvation of their souls." The Church: Her Books and Her Sacraments

Why Irenaeus wrote the fourth Gospel in the name of John.— The Christ Of Paul Or, The Enigmas of Christianity 2011-12-24T03:08:04.237Z

In a similar manner, Justin, Irenaeus, Cyril of Alexandria, and Jerome, express themselves. Christology of the Old Testament: And a Commentary on the Messianic Predictions. Vol. 2

She was reading the life of St. Irenaeus from a book larger than herself…. Letters from my Windmill

“Nothing here is self-imposed” said Daniel Robbins, a Jerusalem lawyer who is representing Irenaeus in this regard and in the additional matter of some icons in Irenaeus’s apartment that Theophilos wants. Jerusalem Journal: A Monk in Confinement, Fighting for His Title 2011-03-07T21:58:43Z

This, for over 300 years, was the common name for what St. Irenaeus calls "the Abode of the Holy Body and Blood of Christ". The Church: Her Books and Her Sacraments

The zeal of Irenaeus against his adversaries had carried him so far in support of the doctrine of the incarnation that he ventured upon a new Gospel, under the name and authority of an Apostle. The Christ Of Paul Or, The Enigmas of Christianity 2011-12-24T03:08:04.237Z

The incoherence introduced at this point was met by the splendid paradox of Irenaeus and Athanasius that God became man in order that man might become God. Landmarks in the History of Early Christianity

Grundtvig supported his “great discovery” with passages from the Bible and the church fathers, especially Irenaeus. Hymns and Hymnwriters of Denmark

Whether this last account, or that given by Irenaeus and in the Syntagma of Hippolytus, represents the original system of Basilides, has been the subject of a long controversy. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 3, Part 1, Slice 3 "Banks" to "Bassoon"

The contents of this rule of truth received from the apostles are repeatedly set forth by Irenaeus. Historical Introductions to the Symbolical Books of the Evangelical Lutheran Church

But why did Irenaeus select the name of John? The Christ Of Paul Or, The Enigmas of Christianity 2011-12-24T03:08:04.237Z

Clement of Alexandria, and Irenaeus, and Tertullian, all in the second century, use it as "the sword of the Spirit" to assert truth and confute error. Philippian Studies Lessons in Faith and Love from St. Paul's Epistle to the Philippians

This would be in agreement with the allegorical style of the book, and it gains support from the language of Origen and Irenaeus. The Books of the New Testament

This Church, too, is spoken of by St. Irenaeus, and again by Tertullian. A Key to the Knowledge of Church History (Ancient)

According to Irenaeus, then, the "rule of truth" received and confessed by every Christian at his baptism was transmitted by the apostles. Historical Introductions to the Symbolical Books of the Evangelical Lutheran Church

Irenaeus proves not only that the appearance of the fourth Gospel was something new, but that the doctrines it contained were unheard of before. The Christ Of Paul Or, The Enigmas of Christianity 2011-12-24T03:08:04.237Z

But, says Tischendorf,—the verse is omitted by Origen and by Eusebius,—by Irenaeus and by Lucifer of Cagliari,—as well as by Cyril of Alexandria. The Causes of the Corruption of the Traditional Text of the Holy Gospels Being the Sequel to The Traditional Text of the Holy Gospels

It is also quoted in the letter of the Churches of Lyons and Vienne, in the Epistle of Diognetus, and by Irenaeus and Clement of Alexandria. The Books of the New Testament

Two of his sons, Irenaeus and Eusebius, were Lutheran ministers. American Lutheranism Volume 1: Early History of American Lutheranism and The Tennessee Synod

Polycarp, says Irenaeus, "taught the things which he had learned from the apostles, and which the Church has handed down, and which alone are true." Historical Introductions to the Symbolical Books of the Evangelical Lutheran Church

Irenaeus even brings John upon the stand to prove the doctrine of an incarnate Christ! which John himself was the first to communicate. The Christ Of Paul Or, The Enigmas of Christianity 2011-12-24T03:08:04.237Z

Tertullian, with his love of scoring off opponents, fared badly at his hands, and he used to treat Clement of Alexandria more sympathetically than Irenaeus. Letters to His Friends

They are all quoted by Irenaeus, and also by Clement of Alexandria and Tertullian. The Books of the New Testament

They are first mentioned by Irenaeus, who connects them with the Valentinians. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 4, Part 4 "Bulgaria" to "Calgary"

He was martyred when Irenaeus must have been twenty-five years old. The Lost Gospel and Its Contents Or, The Author of "Supernatural Religion" Refuted by Himself

The following contains the spirit of Irenaeus when he speaks of his intimacy with Polycarp: "And this voice which came from heaven we heard, when we were with him in the holy mount." The Christ Of Paul Or, The Enigmas of Christianity 2011-12-24T03:08:04.237Z

Irenaeus is obviously alluding to some disciple who occupied a very different position. The Ancient Church Its History, Doctrine, Worship, and Constitution

It is attributed to St. Paul by Irenaeus, and is amply supported by other early writers. The Books of the New Testament

No man can know God, says Irenaeus, except he be taught of God. A Portraiture of Quakerism, Volume 2

Now we find that Irenaeus had written his great work, "Against Heresies," before this date. The Lost Gospel and Its Contents Or, The Author of "Supernatural Religion" Refuted by Himself

The manner in which John is made to speak of Christ is much the same as Irenaeus makes mention of Polycarp. The Christ Of Paul Or, The Enigmas of Christianity 2011-12-24T03:08:04.237Z

It is confirmed also by the early testimony of Irenaeus, and by the Latin of the Codex Bezae, a version more ancient than the Vulgate, as well as by the Vulgate itself. The Ancient Church Its History, Doctrine, Worship, and Constitution

Eusebius does not say that Irenaeus attributed it to St. Paul. The Books of the New Testament

In the time of Irenaeus and Justin the Martyr, we find an account of the Eucharist as it was then thought of and celebrated. A Portraiture of Quakerism, Volume 2

First of all, Irenaeus, in a well-known passage, asserts that— "It is not possible that the Gospels can be either more or fewer in number than they are." The Lost Gospel and Its Contents Or, The Author of "Supernatural Religion" Refuted by Himself

What Irenaeus dared not do in the second, Eusebius dared do in the fourth century. The Christ Of Paul Or, The Enigmas of Christianity 2011-12-24T03:08:04.237Z

Irenaeus admits that this point formed only a subordinate topic of discussion. The Ancient Church Its History, Doctrine, Worship, and Constitution

It is quoted by Irenaeus, the pupil of Polycarp, and was recognized as genuine in widely distant Churches at the close of the 2nd century. The Books of the New Testament

For they find it neither in Justin Martyr, nor in Irenaeus, nor in Tertullian, nor in Origen, nor in the Fathers of the three first centuries of the church. A Portraiture of Quakerism, Volume 2

Irenaeus, in the place I have quoted, speaks of him as the companion of Apostles, Clement of Alexandria as an Apostle, Eusebius and Origen as the fellow-labourer of St. Paul. The Lost Gospel and Its Contents Or, The Author of "Supernatural Religion" Refuted by Himself

Irenaeus could find none in the second century. The Christ Of Paul Or, The Enigmas of Christianity 2011-12-24T03:08:04.237Z

As it uses the word catholic it must have been written after the appearance of the work of Irenaeus. The Ancient Church Its History, Doctrine, Worship, and Constitution

And it is equally hard to believe that his statements about it would not have been copied by such men as Irenaeus, Dionysius of Alexandria, and Eusebius. The Books of the New Testament

Passages found in the epistles now extant under his name are quoted by Irenaeus, A.D. Evidence of Christianity

The wild exaggerations of the heretics refuted by Irenaeus all presupposed the one narrative, and can have had no other basis. The Lost Gospel and Its Contents Or, The Author of "Supernatural Religion" Refuted by Himself

No other man, in that or any other age, could meet the crisis but Irenaeus; and the result is the fourth Gospel. The Christ Of Paul Or, The Enigmas of Christianity 2011-12-24T03:08:04.237Z

Hippolytus was the disciple of Irenaeus, and one of the soundest theologians of his generation. The Ancient Church Its History, Doctrine, Worship, and Constitution

It is almost inconceivable that between the time of Papias and that of Irenaeus, whose life probably overlapped that of Papias, the name of Matthew became wrongly affixed to our first Gospel. The Books of the New Testament

To the book of the Acts of the Apostles, its author, and credit, the testimony of Irenaeus is no less explicit. Evidence of Christianity

Irenaeus omits the conception by the Holy Ghost, while Tertullian inserts it. Exposition of the Apostles Creed

Of the twelve traditional Bishops of Irenaeus, Telesphorus is selected for the honors of martyrdom. The Christ Of Paul Or, The Enigmas of Christianity 2011-12-24T03:08:04.237Z

Any reader who considers the situation of Irenaeus a few years before he published this treatise, can have no difficulty in understanding the reference. The Ancient Church Its History, Doctrine, Worship, and Constitution

Irenaeus, Clement of Alexandria, Tertullian, and Origen say practically the same thing. The Books of the New Testament

Its antiquity is incontestable, from the quotations of it in Irenaeus, A.D. Evidence of Christianity

Dr. Lightfoot says that Eusebius "restricts himself to the narrowest limits which justice to his subject will allow," and he illustrates this by the case of Irenaeus. A Reply to Dr. Lightfoot's Essays

Polycarp never heard of the incarnation, and it follows as a matter of course he never taught Irenaeus anything of the kind. The Christ Of Paul Or, The Enigmas of Christianity 2011-12-24T03:08:04.237Z

The Treatise against Heresies supplies the clearest evidence that Irenaeus was quite ignorant of the existence of the Ignatian epistles. The Ancient Church Its History, Doctrine, Worship, and Constitution

Both Irenaeus and Clement were probably born about A.D. The Books of the New Testament

We have not received," saith Irenaeus, "the knowledge of the way of our salvation by any others than those by whom the Gospel has been brought to us. Evidence of Christianity

Irenaeus, Origen, and some later Fathers tell us nothing about him. A Reply to Dr. Lightfoot's Essays

It will be noted that Irenaeus, in his controversy with Ptolemaeus, makes no mention of the fourth Gospel, but falls back on a tradition. The Christ Of Paul Or, The Enigmas of Christianity 2011-12-24T03:08:04.237Z

The testimony of Irenaeus, the disciple of Polycarp, throws additional light upon this argument. The Ancient Church Its History, Doctrine, Worship, and Constitution

The testimony of Clement with regard to St. Mark is not inconsistent with that of Irenaeus. The Books of the New Testament

I have said that the testimony of Irenaeus in favour of our Gospels is exclusive of all others. Evidence of Christianity

He quotes Irenaeus in support of this tradition, and the composition of the work at the close of Domitian's reign. A Reply to Dr. Lightfoot's Essays

Since the introduction of the Gospels, especially the fourth, great importance has been attached to the fact that Polycarp was a disciple of John, and that Irenaeus had been instructed by the former. The Christ Of Paul Or, The Enigmas of Christianity 2011-12-24T03:08:04.237Z

We have thus a remarkable proof that the word catholic was not in use when Irenaeus wrote, for he here expresses the idea by a circumlocution. The Ancient Church Its History, Doctrine, Worship, and Constitution

The verses are attested by Irenaeus, and apparently by Justin and Hermas, and were therefore regarded as authentic, or at least as truthful, by educated men at Lyons and Rome, in the 2nd century. The Books of the New Testament

Clement followed Irenaeus at the distance of only sixteen years, and therefore may be said to maintain the series of testimony in an uninterrupted continuation. Evidence of Christianity

In the same manner, without having the least claim to it, he seized the fortune of Irenaeus, who had died some time before. The Secret History of the Court of Justinian

Our confidence is not increased in the genuineness of this letter, that the first distinct reference is made to it by Irenaeus. The Christ Of Paul Or, The Enigmas of Christianity 2011-12-24T03:08:04.237Z

Eusebius mentions a publication by Irenaeus, "On Sovereignty, or on the Truth that God is not the Author of Evil," and another by Maximus on "The Origin of Evil." The Ancient Church Its History, Doctrine, Worship, and Constitution

Although St. Irenaeus is the first writer who names St. Luke as the author of the third Gospel, the Gospel is quoted by earlier writers. The Books of the New Testament

The quotations of Irenaeus prove decidedly, that our present Gospels, and these alone, together with the Acts of the Apostles, were the historical books comprehended by him under these appellations. Evidence of Christianity

St. Pothinus the Martyr was succeeded as bishop at Lyons by St. Irenaeus, the most learned, most judicious, and most illustrious of the early heads of the Church in Gaul. A Popular History of France from the Earliest Times, Volume 1

The explanation of Irenaeus was taken up in the third century by a distinguished preacher, Origen. The World's Great Sermons, Volume 10 Drummond to Jowett, and General Index

It is remarkable that the word is not found in Irenaeus, or used by his Latin interpreter. The Ancient Church Its History, Doctrine, Worship, and Constitution

It was evidently read throughout the 2nd century, and it is definitely assigned to St. Luke by Irenaeus, the Muratorian Fragment, Tertullian, and Clement of Alexandria. The Books of the New Testament

With respect to the Scriptures, they are specifically charged, by Irenaeus and by Epiphanius, with endeavouring to pervert a passage in Matthew, which amounts to a positive proof that they received that Gospel. Evidence of Christianity

Irenaeus, who lived about the year 170, speaks of churches that were founded in Germany, Spain, France, the eastern countries, Egypt, Lybia, and the middle of the world. An Enquiry into the Obligations of Christians to Use Means for the Conversion of the Heathens In Which the Religious State of the Different Nations of the World, the Success of Former Undertakings, and the Practicability of Further Undertakings, Are Considered

The piece was "stamped with a mark in shape like a cross," and the account of Irenaeus was verified. Stories by American Authors, Volume 1

See also a fragment attributed to Irenaeus in Stieren's edition, i. The Ancient Church Its History, Doctrine, Worship, and Constitution

The writings of those Fathers of the Church who lived nearest to the apostolic age contain several possible allusions to it, and it is expressly named by Irenaeus, Clement of Alexandria, and Tertullian. The Books of the New Testament

Many of the letters here published have already appeared in Mr. S. Irenaeus Prime's biography of Morse, but others are now printed for the first time, and I have omitted many which Mr. Prime included. Samuel F. B. Morse, His Letters and Journals In Two Volumes, Volume I.

In this way Irenaeus must be understood, for without the loss of faith some vigils of the apostles were not celebrated with fasting throughout Gaul, which Germany nevertheless observes in fasts. The Confutatio Pontificia

In a treatise of Irenaeus's, therefore, of about the second century, Barwood found the first definite mention of the coins. Stories by American Authors, Volume 1

Irenaeus here apparently means that baptism typically is regeneration, in the same way as the bread and wine in the Eucharist are typically the body and blood of Christ. The Ancient Church Its History, Doctrine, Worship, and Constitution

It is first definitely mentioned by name in the writings of St. Irenaeus, who quotes it several times. The Books of the New Testament

Who finds not that Irenaeus, Epiphanius, Jerome, and others discover more heresies than they well confute, and that oft for heresy which is the truer opinion? Areopagitica A speech for the Liberty of Unlicensed Printing to the Parliament of England

And Irenaeus says: Diversity concerning fasting does not destroy the harmony of faith; as also Pope Gregory intimates in Dist. The Augsburg Confession The confession of faith, which was submitted to His Imperial Majesty Charles V at the diet of Augsburg in the year 1530

We know much more of Jesus of Nazareth than the fathers of Nicaea knew; probably than St. Paul knew; certainly than Irenaeus or Clement knew. The Case of Richard Meynell

Valentine, in particular, made many converts, and after his death, when Irenaeus wrote a refutation of his heresy, his disciples must still have been numerous. The Ancient Church Its History, Doctrine, Worship, and Constitution

But it is plainly quoted by Irenaeus, though he does not mention the author's name. The Books of the New Testament

By Samuel Irenaeus Prime, Author of "Travels in Europe and the East," etc., etc. The Atlantic Monthly, Volume 05, No. 31, May, 1860

Irenaeus, who was personally well known to the author, and who has left behind him the treatise Against Heresies already mentioned, speaks therein of this letter in terms of high approval. The Ignatian Epistles Entirely Spurious A Reply to the Right Rev. Dr. Lightfoot

Late in the second century, Irenaeus, bishop of Lyons in Gaul, one of the most eminent ecclesiastics of that day, composed an elaborate work against the Gnostic heresies. Outline of Universal History

Evidence has already been adduced to shew that the senior presbyter of Smyrna continued to preside until the days of Irenaeus, and there is also documentary proof that meanwhile he possessed no autocratical authority. The Ancient Church Its History, Doctrine, Worship, and Constitution

Nor is the omission of any mention of it in Irenaeus and the Muratorian Fragment a very destructive fact. The Books of the New Testament

From Justin to Irenaeus the Christian writings are fragmentary and few, but with Irenaeus a whole body of literature seems suddenly to start into being. The Gospels in the Second Century An Examination of the Critical Part of a Work Entitled 'Supernatural Religion'

The account of his visit, as given by Irenaeus, rather suggests that a considerable time must meanwhile have elapsed before he made his appearance there. The Ignatian Epistles Entirely Spurious A Reply to the Right Rev. Dr. Lightfoot

A point of secondary interest is that Irenaeus speaks of bishops, not of Popes; this title came into use a hundred years after his time. Medieval Europe

The very fact of its occurrence is first noticed about forty years afterwards, when the haughty behaviour of another bishop of Rome provoked Irenaeus to call up certain unwelcome reminiscences which it must have suggested. The Ancient Church Its History, Doctrine, Worship, and Constitution

But Irenaeus, who was not likely to be mistaken in such a matter, certainly regarded it as the work of the apostle, and the Muratorian Fragment apparently so regards it. The Books of the New Testament

If not made by Ptolemaeus himself, they were made by a contemporary of Ptolemaeus, i.e. at least by a writer anterior to Irenaeus. The Gospels in the Second Century An Examination of the Critical Part of a Work Entitled 'Supernatural Religion'

The words of Irenaeus can be adduced with still less plausibility to uphold the credit of these letters. The Ignatian Epistles Entirely Spurious A Reply to the Right Rev. Dr. Lightfoot

"A freeborn girl—parents Christian—comes from Antioch..." replied Irenaeus. Serapis — Complete

Irenaeus is commonly called the disciple of Polycarp; but it is reported that he was also under the tuition of a less intelligent preceptor, Papias of Hierapolis. The Ancient Church Its History, Doctrine, Worship, and Constitution

And the evidence of Irenaeus and Melito is still more weighty. The Books of the New Testament

Irenaeus is succeeded closely by Clement of Alexandria, Clement by Tertullian, Tertullian by Hippolytus and Origen, and the testimony which these writers bear to the Gospel is marvellously abundant and unanimous. The Gospels in the Second Century An Examination of the Critical Part of a Work Entitled 'Supernatural Religion'

Irenaeus had sanctioned its establishment; but, when Victor became so overbearing, he took the alarm, and told him plainly that those who presided over the Church of Rome before him were nothing but presbyters. The Ignatian Epistles Entirely Spurious A Reply to the Right Rev. Dr. Lightfoot

"A freeborn girl—parents Christian—comes from Antioch. . ." replied Irenaeus. Serapis — Volume 03

Attempts have been made to shew that two other writers, earlier than Origen, have noticed the Ignatian correspondence; and Eusebius himself has quoted Polycarp and Irenaeus as if bearing witness in its favour. The Ancient Church Its History, Doctrine, Worship, and Constitution

Moreover, it would imply that the knowledge possessed by Papias about those who had known the Lord was less direct than that possessed by Irenaeus! The Books of the New Testament

I calculate roughly that Irenaeus quotes directly 193 verses of the first Gospel and 73 of the fourth. The Gospels in the Second Century An Examination of the Critical Part of a Work Entitled 'Supernatural Religion'

Dr. Lightfoot has seized upon this fact as a reason that they are never quoted by Irenaeus. The Ignatian Epistles Entirely Spurious A Reply to the Right Rev. Dr. Lightfoot

"But they have no soul," observed St. Irenaeus. Penguin Island

Some of them, such as Theophilus, were the contemporaries of Irenaeus. The Ancient Church Its History, Doctrine, Worship, and Constitution

Irenaeus leaves no doubt as to his own reading on the next occasion when he quotes the passage, as he does twice over. The Gospels in the Second Century An Examination of the Critical Part of a Work Entitled 'Supernatural Religion'

On the other hand, there is the express testimony of the Epistle of Polycarp quoted in its turn by Irenaeus. The Gospels in the Second Century An Examination of the Critical Part of a Work Entitled 'Supernatural Religion'

In opposition to these Irenaeus maintains that the Christus and Jesus are one and the same person. The Gospels in the Second Century An Examination of the Critical Part of a Work Entitled 'Supernatural Religion'

"Luckily it is but a passing disorder," said St. Irenaeus. Penguin Island

Irenaeus says that Valentine, the most famous and formidable of the Gnostic teachers, "came to Rome under Hyginus, was in his prime under Pius, and lived until the time of Anicetus." The Ancient Church Its History, Doctrine, Worship, and Constitution

In any case the double reading was certainly current at the end of the second century, as the words are found in Irenaeus and omitted by Tertullian. The Gospels in the Second Century An Examination of the Critical Part of a Work Entitled 'Supernatural Religion'

At any rate we must assume that it was in the hands of Irenaeus about 185 A.D., and it will be not before this that the third book of the work 'Against Heresies' was written. The Gospels in the Second Century An Examination of the Critical Part of a Work Entitled 'Supernatural Religion'

On the other hand, by the time of Irenaeus, whose early life ran parallel with the closing years of Papias, the title was undoubtedly given to the Gospel in its present form. The Gospels in the Second Century An Examination of the Critical Part of a Work Entitled 'Supernatural Religion'

"Do not speak thus, Irenaeus my son," said the Lord. Penguin Island

According to the testimony of Irenaeus there was nothing approaching to uniformity in the practice of the various societies with which he was acquainted. The Ancient Church Its History, Doctrine, Worship, and Constitution

But it should be remembered that Irenaeus was now a boy, and that by the time he had reached manhood the Canon of the Gospels had received its definite form. The Gospels in the Second Century An Examination of the Critical Part of a Work Entitled 'Supernatural Religion'

Heracleon will to a certain extent go with Ptolemaeus, with whom he is persistently coupled, though, as he is only mentioned once by Irenaeus, the data concerning him are less precise. The Gospels in the Second Century An Examination of the Critical Part of a Work Entitled 'Supernatural Religion'

It is mentioned in the most express terms by Irenaeus, who declares himself to have been a disciple of Polycarp in his early youth, and speaks enthusiastically of the teaching which he then received. The Gospels in the Second Century An Examination of the Critical Part of a Work Entitled 'Supernatural Religion'

Most of the free quotations, it will be seen, belong not so much to Irenaeus himself, as to the writers he is criticising. The Gospels in the Second Century An Examination of the Critical Part of a Work Entitled 'Supernatural Religion'

Thus, Irenaeus tells us that the name Jesus in Hebrew consists of two letters and a half, and describes it as signifying "that Lord who contains heaven and earth!" The Ancient Church Its History, Doctrine, Worship, and Constitution

Irenaeus himself was not in doubt that the latter was the true reading. The Gospels in the Second Century An Examination of the Critical Part of a Work Entitled 'Supernatural Religion'

All the circumstances point to such a date as that of Irenaeus, and the conception of the Canon is very similar to that which we should gather from the great work 'Against Heresies.' The Gospels in the Second Century An Examination of the Critical Part of a Work Entitled 'Supernatural Religion'

So complete had the process been that Irenaeus does not seem to know of a time when the authority of the Gospels had been less than it was to him. The Gospels in the Second Century An Examination of the Critical Part of a Work Entitled 'Supernatural Religion'

There is a clear reference to the fourth Gospel in a passage for which Irenaeus alleges the authority of certain 'Presbyters,' who at the least belonged to an elder generation than his own. The Gospels in the Second Century An Examination of the Critical Part of a Work Entitled 'Supernatural Religion'

Had an assembly of this kind been a novelty in the days of Irenaeus, the pastor of Lyons would not have given such a version of a passage in the inspired narrative. The Ancient Church Its History, Doctrine, Worship, and Constitution

On the contrary, that Heracleon should have written a commentary on the fourth Gospel falls in entirely with what Irenaeus says as to the large use that was made of that Gospel by the Valentinians. The Gospels in the Second Century An Examination of the Critical Part of a Work Entitled 'Supernatural Religion'

Irenaeus, as we have seen, was writing in the decade 180-190 A.D. The Gospels in the Second Century An Examination of the Critical Part of a Work Entitled 'Supernatural Religion'

This version must have been made a sufficiently long time before the age when Tertullian wrote, and before the Latin translator of Irenaeus, for it to have got into general circulation. The Gospels in the Second Century An Examination of the Critical Part of a Work Entitled 'Supernatural Religion'

Irenaeus' acquaintance with Ptolemaeus can hardly have been a fact of yesterday at the time when he wrote. The Gospels in the Second Century An Examination of the Critical Part of a Work Entitled 'Supernatural Religion'

There is likewise a letter from the parishes in Gaul of which Irenaeus was president. The Ancient Church Its History, Doctrine, Worship, and Constitution

But the most decisive witness before we come to Irenaeus is the Muratorian Canon. The Gospels in the Second Century An Examination of the Critical Part of a Work Entitled 'Supernatural Religion'

The strongest presumption that it was is derived from Irenaeus. The Gospels in the Second Century An Examination of the Critical Part of a Work Entitled 'Supernatural Religion'

It is evident that Irenaeus would not for a moment think of classing any other Gospel by the side of the now strictly canonical four. The Gospels in the Second Century An Examination of the Critical Part of a Work Entitled 'Supernatural Religion'

It seems most natural to suppose that he is speaking of Gospels—possibly not the canonical alone, and yet, with Irenaeus in our mind's eye, we shall say probably to them. The Gospels in the Second Century An Examination of the Critical Part of a Work Entitled 'Supernatural Religion'

It is sufficiently clear that Irenaeus held his opinion at the very time that Tatian wrote, though it was not published until later. The Gospels in the Second Century An Examination of the Critical Part of a Work Entitled 'Supernatural Religion'

But to what date does this evidence of Irenaeus refer? The Gospels in the Second Century An Examination of the Critical Part of a Work Entitled 'Supernatural Religion'

It may be well to give the language of Irenaeus in full as it has been the subject of some controversy. The Gospels in the Second Century An Examination of the Critical Part of a Work Entitled 'Supernatural Religion'

Irenaeus mentions Ptolemaeus several times in his first and second books, and on one occasion he couples with his the name of Heracleon. The Gospels in the Second Century An Examination of the Critical Part of a Work Entitled 'Supernatural Religion'

But the name of Ptolemaeus is mentioned very near the beginning of the Preface; so that Irenaeus would be committing to paper the statement of his acquaintance with Ptolemaeus as early as 182 A.D. The Gospels in the Second Century An Examination of the Critical Part of a Work Entitled 'Supernatural Religion'

Tertullian and Epiphanius in like manner drew largely from the works of Irenaeus. The Gospels in the Second Century An Examination of the Critical Part of a Work Entitled 'Supernatural Religion'

On the whole, Irenaeus seems to have had a pretty complete knowledge of the writings and teaching of the Valentinians. The Gospels in the Second Century An Examination of the Critical Part of a Work Entitled 'Supernatural Religion'

Less equivocal evidence is afforded by the statements of Irenaeus respecting the Valentinians. The Gospels in the Second Century An Examination of the Critical Part of a Work Entitled 'Supernatural Religion'

On a moderate computation, the indirect testimony of Irenaeus may be taken to refer—not to the period 185-195 A.D., which is out of the question—but to that from 160-180 A.D. The Gospels in the Second Century An Examination of the Critical Part of a Work Entitled 'Supernatural Religion'

It will perhaps sufficiently satisfy all parties if we suppose that Irenaeus was engaged in writing his first three books between the years 182-188 A.D. The Gospels in the Second Century An Examination of the Critical Part of a Work Entitled 'Supernatural Religion'

We may agree with the author of 'Supernatural Religion' that Irenaeus probably made the personal acquaintance of the Valentinian leaders, and obtained copies of their books, during his well-known visit to Rome in 178 A.D. The Gospels in the Second Century An Examination of the Critical Part of a Work Entitled 'Supernatural Religion'

The Church writers, Irenaeus, Tertullian, and Epiphanius, without exception, describe Marcion's Gospel as a mutilated or amputated version of St. Luke. The Gospels in the Second Century An Examination of the Critical Part of a Work Entitled 'Supernatural Religion'

But more than this; by the time of Irenaeus the canon of the four Gospels, as we understand the word now, was practically formed. The Gospels in the Second Century An Examination of the Critical Part of a Work Entitled 'Supernatural Religion'

Taking these statements along with others in Irenaeus, Tertullian, and Epiphanius, modern critics seem to be agreed that Marcion settled in Rome and began to teach his peculiar doctrines about 139-142 A.D. The Gospels in the Second Century An Examination of the Critical Part of a Work Entitled 'Supernatural Religion'

Viewed along with so much confirmatory matter in the account of the Valentinians by Irenaeus, the evidence may be taken as that of Ptolemaeus himself rather than of this single letter. The Gospels in the Second Century An Examination of the Critical Part of a Work Entitled 'Supernatural Religion'

The books were already there, and, as we see from Irenaeus, critical collections of them had already begun to be made. The Gospels in the Second Century An Examination of the Critical Part of a Work Entitled 'Supernatural Religion'

There is a string of allusions in the first book of Irenaeus, 'Adv. The Gospels in the Second Century An Examination of the Critical Part of a Work Entitled 'Supernatural Religion'

Irenaeus founds an argument upon this directed against the heretics who supposed that the Christus and Jesus were not identical, but that Jesus was the son of Mary, upon whom the aeon Christus afterwards descended. The Gospels in the Second Century An Examination of the Critical Part of a Work Entitled 'Supernatural Religion'

Neither Irenaeus nor Epiphanius are notorious for free quotation—Irenaeus indeed is rather the reverse. The Gospels in the Second Century An Examination of the Critical Part of a Work Entitled 'Supernatural Religion'

Irenaeus represents Ptolemaeus as quoting largely from the Prologue to the Gospel. The Gospels in the Second Century An Examination of the Critical Part of a Work Entitled 'Supernatural Religion'

But Ptolemaeus, as we have seen, had already gathered a school about him when Irenaeus became acquainted with him. The Gospels in the Second Century An Examination of the Critical Part of a Work Entitled 'Supernatural Religion'

For minor variations the text of Irenaeus cannot be used satisfactorily, because it is always doubtful whether the Latin version has correctly reproduced the original. The Gospels in the Second Century An Examination of the Critical Part of a Work Entitled 'Supernatural Religion'

At the same time it is clear that Irenaeus himself was aware of the presence of the other reading in some copies which he regarded as bearing the marks of heretical depravation. The Gospels in the Second Century An Examination of the Critical Part of a Work Entitled 'Supernatural Religion'

单词	Irenaeus
例句	Irenaeus By acknowledging that Joseph is, in fact, only Jesus's foster father, while tracing his 76 known antecedents – Saint Irenaeus could only track 72 – Luke shows that Jesus is definitely descended straight from God. Jesus of Nazareth: The Infancy Narratives by Pope Benedict XVI – digested read 2012-11-25T19:30:02Z He was specific, requesting a sermon “based upon Luke’s birth narrative, with quotations from Karl Barth, Martin Luther, Irenaeus of Lyon, and Barack Obama.” Pastors’ view: Sermons written by ChatGPT will have no soul 2023-02-15T05:00:00Z “It is the Father who imparts continuance forever on those who are saved,” Irenaeus wrote. The Campaign to Eliminate Hell 2016-05-13T04:00:00Z Gnostics were baptised - according to their Catholic opponent Irenaeus - with the words: "Into the name of the unknown Father of the universe - into Truth, the mother of all things". Why is God mostly referred to as a male? - BBC News 2015-06-02T04:00:00Z While severely condemning, both Irenaeus and Tertullian distinguished schismatics from heretics. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 13, Slice 3 "Helmont, Jean" to "Hernosand" 2012-04-14T02:00:23.707Z "Go to the oldest churches," says St. Irenaeus. The Catholic World; Volume I, Issues 1-6 A Monthly Eclectic Magazine 2012-04-05T02:00:40.207Z A fuller account is given in the Expositor of July 1893, and contains references to the following passages:—Irenaeus iii. The Traditional Text of the Holy Gospels 2012-02-24T03:00:31.020Z To St. Irenaeus, then, the Church was "the irrefragable witness of its own legation." The Works of Robert G. Ingersoll, Vol. 6 (of 12) Dresden Edition?Discussions 2012-02-11T03:04:02.353Z The time when Irenaeus was born is variously stated. The Christ Of Paul Or, The Enigmas of Christianity 2011-12-24T03:08:04.237Z But in Irenaeus the term has already come to designate the whole movement. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 12, Slice 2 "Gloss" to "Gordon, Charles George" 2011-10-31T02:00:28.703Z Fell's “praepropera opinio;” he merely stated as universally true what for the most part certainly is so.141.Take the case of Irenaeus, in some respects the most important of them all. A Plain Introduction to the Criticism of the New Testament, Vol. II. 2011-06-30T02:00:31.117Z Midway between the two places cited above, Irenaeus shews how the four Gospels may be severally identified with the four living creatures described in the Apocalypse. The Traditional Text of the Holy Gospels 2012-02-24T03:00:31.020Z He shows its affinity with the text of Irenaeus, and discovers traces in it of Montanism. A Plain Introduction to the Criticism of the New Testament, Vol. I. 2011-06-30T02:00:27.850Z We possess a very scanty account of the personal history of Irenaeus. The Christ Of Paul Or, The Enigmas of Christianity 2011-12-24T03:08:04.237Z Both the systems which are handed down under his name by Irenaeus and Hippolytus, that of emanations and the monistic-evolutionary system, represent further developments of his ideas with a tendency away from dualism towards monism. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 12, Slice 2 "Gloss" to "Gordon, Charles George" 2011-10-31T02:00:28.703Z Of the Greek Fathers, the scanty Greek remains of Irenaeus and the works of Origen are all that are employed; but considerable weight is given to the readings of the Latin version. A Plain Introduction to the Criticism of the New Testament, Vol. II. 2011-06-30T02:00:31.117Z Neither Irenaeus, Clement of Alexandria, or Jerome, who refer to other works of Tatian, make any mention of this. When Were Our Gospels Written? 2011-05-31T02:00:32.283Z The Stichometry in question follows the list of the names of the seventy disciples, which list is here assigned to Irenaeus, bishop of Lugdunum. A Plain Introduction to the Criticism of the New Testament, Vol. I. 2011-06-30T02:00:27.850Z Among the many strong and representative men who have impressed their genius on the Catholic Church, and given to it its distinctive features, none have equalled Irenaeus, the Bishop of Lyons. The Christ Of Paul Or, The Enigmas of Christianity 2011-12-24T03:08:04.237Z The Roman bishop thereupon broke off communion with them; but he was rebuked by Irenaeus, of Lyons, and it was agreed by his mediation that each party should retain its customs. Our Calendar 2011-05-25T02:00:17.450Z His illustration is the statement of Irenaeus in Matt. i. A Plain Introduction to the Criticism of the New Testament, Vol. II. 2011-06-30T02:00:31.117Z Irenaeus was elected in 2001 as the patriarch of Jerusalem, normally a position for life. Jerusalem Journal: A Monk in Confinement, Fighting for His Title 2011-03-07T21:58:43Z We must not forget that the church of Irenaeus was Greek. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 9, Slice 8 "Ethiopia" to "Evangelical Association" 2011-03-05T03:00:24.537Z That it was something new in the time of Irenaeus is evident from the fact that he is called upon and employed his genius to defend it. The Christ Of Paul Or, The Enigmas of Christianity 2011-12-24T03:08:04.237Z While Irenaeus held fast the traditional eschatological beliefs, yet his conception of the Christian salvation as a deification of man tended to weaken their hold on Christian thought. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 9, Slice 7 "Equation" to "Ethics" 2011-02-27T03:00:31.973Z So again of a doubtful passage which we shall examine in Chapter XII, Irenaeus cites Acts viii. A Plain Introduction to the Criticism of the New Testament, Vol. II. 2011-06-30T02:00:31.117Z Irenaeus was once the patriarch of Jerusalem, the highest authority of this ancient branch of the Orthodox Church, until he was ousted from his position in 2005. Jerusalem Journal: A Monk in Confinement, Fighting for His Title 2011-03-07T21:58:43Z The title “To the Ephesians” is found in the Muratorian canon, in Irenaeus, Tertullian and Clement of Alexandria, as well as in all the earliest MSS. and versions. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 9, Slice 6 "English Language" to "Epsom Salts" 2011-02-19T03:00:59.807Z If this Gospel had been written by John, it would have been, at the time Irenaeus wrote, nearly one hundred years old, and its claims settled years before he was born. The Christ Of Paul Or, The Enigmas of Christianity 2011-12-24T03:08:04.237Z It was written during the second century at Lyons, by Irenaeus, a bishop of Gaul, far from any direct contact with the still flourishing Gnosticism. The Fairy-Faith in Celtic Countries 2011-01-06T03:00:47.543Z He is not mentioned by Irenaeus and his date is uncertain, but probably his work is to be assigned to the 857 end of the 2nd century. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 3, Slice 7 "Bible" to "Bisectrix" 2010-12-20T17:12:05.780Z Irenaeus “will be homeless” if he leaves the compound, Mr. Robbins said. Jerusalem Journal: A Monk in Confinement, Fighting for His Title 2011-03-07T21:58:43Z It lingered on as applied to the Seventy3—by Irenaeus, Tertullian, Clement and Origen— and even to Clement of Rome, by Clem. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 2, Slice 3 "Apollodorus" to "Aral" The paternal solicitude of Irenaeus in support of this new phase of Christianity is conspicuously displayed in the third book of his work against Heresies. The Christ Of Paul Or, The Enigmas of Christianity 2011-12-24T03:08:04.237Z Irenaeus, Clement of Alexandria and Origen quote it as Scripture, though in Africa it was not held in such high consideration, as Tertullian speaks slightingly of it. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 2, Slice 2 "Anjar" to "Apollo" Hence Irenaeus applies the epithets divine and perfect to the Scriptures; and Clement of Alexandria calls them inspired. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 5, Slice 2 "Camorra" to "Cape Colony" Defenders of Irenaeus say that he was manipulated by stronger forces on the property deals, which are being contested in the Israeli courts. Jerusalem Journal: A Monk in Confinement, Fighting for His Title 2011-03-07T21:58:43Z Of the notion of apostolic succession in ministerial grace conferred by ordination, there is little or no trace before Irenaeus. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 2, Slice 3 "Apollodorus" to "Aral" The character of Irenaeus and probable time of his birth.— The Christ Of Paul Or, The Enigmas of Christianity 2011-12-24T03:08:04.237Z Gospel of Truth.—This gospel is mentioned by Irenaeus i. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 2, Slice 2 "Anjar" to "Apollo" The probable battle-ground of the future between the opposing theories lies in the writings of Irenaeus. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 7, Slice 6 "Coucy-le-Château" to "Crocodile" Representatives of Theophilos, however, argue that Irenaeus is a captive by choice. Jerusalem Journal: A Monk in Confinement, Fighting for His Title 2011-03-07T21:58:43Z Towards the end of the 2nd century they were combined by Irenaeus, bishop of Lyons. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 6, Slice 3 "Chitral" to "Cincinnati" His partiality for traditions.—The claim of the Gnostics, that Christ did not suffer, the origin of the fourth Gospel.—Irenaeus the writer. The Christ Of Paul Or, The Enigmas of Christianity 2011-12-24T03:08:04.237Z Justin Martyr and Irenaeus, both Fathers of the 2nd century, speak of the Eucharist as a sacrifice. The Church Handy Dictionary But there is always the possibility to be faced that Irenaeus drew his creed from Rome rather than Asia Minor. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 7, Slice 6 "Coucy-le-Château" to "Crocodile" Irenaeus described his confinement as a kind of “martyrdom” imposed by hostile forces “aiming for our psychological and bodily annihilation.” Jerusalem Journal: A Monk in Confinement, Fighting for His Title 2011-03-07T21:58:43Z "Without a Bible," says St. Irenaeus, writing in the second century, "they received, from the Church, teaching sufficient for the salvation of their souls." The Church: Her Books and Her Sacraments Why Irenaeus wrote the fourth Gospel in the name of John.— The Christ Of Paul Or, The Enigmas of Christianity 2011-12-24T03:08:04.237Z In a similar manner, Justin, Irenaeus, Cyril of Alexandria, and Jerome, express themselves. Christology of the Old Testament: And a Commentary on the Messianic Predictions. Vol. 2 She was reading the life of St. Irenaeus from a book larger than herself…. Letters from my Windmill “Nothing here is self-imposed” said Daniel Robbins, a Jerusalem lawyer who is representing Irenaeus in this regard and in the additional matter of some icons in Irenaeus’s apartment that Theophilos wants. Jerusalem Journal: A Monk in Confinement, Fighting for His Title 2011-03-07T21:58:43Z This, for over 300 years, was the common name for what St. Irenaeus calls "the Abode of the Holy Body and Blood of Christ". The Church: Her Books and Her Sacraments The zeal of Irenaeus against his adversaries had carried him so far in support of the doctrine of the incarnation that he ventured upon a new Gospel, under the name and authority of an Apostle. The Christ Of Paul Or, The Enigmas of Christianity 2011-12-24T03:08:04.237Z The incoherence introduced at this point was met by the splendid paradox of Irenaeus and Athanasius that God became man in order that man might become God. Landmarks in the History of Early Christianity Grundtvig supported his “great discovery” with passages from the Bible and the church fathers, especially Irenaeus. Hymns and Hymnwriters of Denmark Whether this last account, or that given by Irenaeus and in the Syntagma of Hippolytus, represents the original system of Basilides, has been the subject of a long controversy. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 3, Part 1, Slice 3 "Banks" to "Bassoon" The contents of this rule of truth received from the apostles are repeatedly set forth by Irenaeus. Historical Introductions to the Symbolical Books of the Evangelical Lutheran Church But why did Irenaeus select the name of John? The Christ Of Paul Or, The Enigmas of Christianity 2011-12-24T03:08:04.237Z Clement of Alexandria, and Irenaeus, and Tertullian, all in the second century, use it as "the sword of the Spirit" to assert truth and confute error. Philippian Studies Lessons in Faith and Love from St. Paul's Epistle to the Philippians This would be in agreement with the allegorical style of the book, and it gains support from the language of Origen and Irenaeus. The Books of the New Testament This Church, too, is spoken of by St. Irenaeus, and again by Tertullian. A Key to the Knowledge of Church History (Ancient) According to Irenaeus, then, the "rule of truth" received and confessed by every Christian at his baptism was transmitted by the apostles. Historical Introductions to the Symbolical Books of the Evangelical Lutheran Church Irenaeus proves not only that the appearance of the fourth Gospel was something new, but that the doctrines it contained were unheard of before. The Christ Of Paul Or, The Enigmas of Christianity 2011-12-24T03:08:04.237Z But, says Tischendorf,—the verse is omitted by Origen and by Eusebius,—by Irenaeus and by Lucifer of Cagliari,—as well as by Cyril of Alexandria. The Causes of the Corruption of the Traditional Text of the Holy Gospels Being the Sequel to The Traditional Text of the Holy Gospels It is also quoted in the letter of the Churches of Lyons and Vienne, in the Epistle of Diognetus, and by Irenaeus and Clement of Alexandria. The Books of the New Testament Two of his sons, Irenaeus and Eusebius, were Lutheran ministers. American Lutheranism Volume 1: Early History of American Lutheranism and The Tennessee Synod Polycarp, says Irenaeus, "taught the things which he had learned from the apostles, and which the Church has handed down, and which alone are true." Historical Introductions to the Symbolical Books of the Evangelical Lutheran Church Irenaeus even brings John upon the stand to prove the doctrine of an incarnate Christ! which John himself was the first to communicate. The Christ Of Paul Or, The Enigmas of Christianity 2011-12-24T03:08:04.237Z Tertullian, with his love of scoring off opponents, fared badly at his hands, and he used to treat Clement of Alexandria more sympathetically than Irenaeus. Letters to His Friends They are all quoted by Irenaeus, and also by Clement of Alexandria and Tertullian. The Books of the New Testament They are first mentioned by Irenaeus, who connects them with the Valentinians. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 4, Part 4 "Bulgaria" to "Calgary" He was martyred when Irenaeus must have been twenty-five years old. The Lost Gospel and Its Contents Or, The Author of "Supernatural Religion" Refuted by Himself The following contains the spirit of Irenaeus when he speaks of his intimacy with Polycarp: "And this voice which came from heaven we heard, when we were with him in the holy mount." The Christ Of Paul Or, The Enigmas of Christianity 2011-12-24T03:08:04.237Z Irenaeus is obviously alluding to some disciple who occupied a very different position. The Ancient Church Its History, Doctrine, Worship, and Constitution It is attributed to St. Paul by Irenaeus, and is amply supported by other early writers. The Books of the New Testament No man can know God, says Irenaeus, except he be taught of God. A Portraiture of Quakerism, Volume 2 Now we find that Irenaeus had written his great work, "Against Heresies," before this date. The Lost Gospel and Its Contents Or, The Author of "Supernatural Religion" Refuted by Himself The manner in which John is made to speak of Christ is much the same as Irenaeus makes mention of Polycarp. The Christ Of Paul Or, The Enigmas of Christianity 2011-12-24T03:08:04.237Z It is confirmed also by the early testimony of Irenaeus, and by the Latin of the Codex Bezae, a version more ancient than the Vulgate, as well as by the Vulgate itself. The Ancient Church Its History, Doctrine, Worship, and Constitution Eusebius does not say that Irenaeus attributed it to St. Paul. The Books of the New Testament In the time of Irenaeus and Justin the Martyr, we find an account of the Eucharist as it was then thought of and celebrated. A Portraiture of Quakerism, Volume 2 First of all, Irenaeus, in a well-known passage, asserts that— "It is not possible that the Gospels can be either more or fewer in number than they are." The Lost Gospel and Its Contents Or, The Author of "Supernatural Religion" Refuted by Himself What Irenaeus dared not do in the second, Eusebius dared do in the fourth century. The Christ Of Paul Or, The Enigmas of Christianity 2011-12-24T03:08:04.237Z Irenaeus admits that this point formed only a subordinate topic of discussion. The Ancient Church Its History, Doctrine, Worship, and Constitution It is quoted by Irenaeus, the pupil of Polycarp, and was recognized as genuine in widely distant Churches at the close of the 2nd century. The Books of the New Testament For they find it neither in Justin Martyr, nor in Irenaeus, nor in Tertullian, nor in Origen, nor in the Fathers of the three first centuries of the church. A Portraiture of Quakerism, Volume 2 Irenaeus, in the place I have quoted, speaks of him as the companion of Apostles, Clement of Alexandria as an Apostle, Eusebius and Origen as the fellow-labourer of St. Paul. The Lost Gospel and Its Contents Or, The Author of "Supernatural Religion" Refuted by Himself Irenaeus could find none in the second century. The Christ Of Paul Or, The Enigmas of Christianity 2011-12-24T03:08:04.237Z As it uses the word catholic it must have been written after the appearance of the work of Irenaeus. The Ancient Church Its History, Doctrine, Worship, and Constitution And it is equally hard to believe that his statements about it would not have been copied by such men as Irenaeus, Dionysius of Alexandria, and Eusebius. The Books of the New Testament Passages found in the epistles now extant under his name are quoted by Irenaeus, A.D. Evidence of Christianity The wild exaggerations of the heretics refuted by Irenaeus all presupposed the one narrative, and can have had no other basis. The Lost Gospel and Its Contents Or, The Author of "Supernatural Religion" Refuted by Himself No other man, in that or any other age, could meet the crisis but Irenaeus; and the result is the fourth Gospel. The Christ Of Paul Or, The Enigmas of Christianity 2011-12-24T03:08:04.237Z Hippolytus was the disciple of Irenaeus, and one of the soundest theologians of his generation. The Ancient Church Its History, Doctrine, Worship, and Constitution It is almost inconceivable that between the time of Papias and that of Irenaeus, whose life probably overlapped that of Papias, the name of Matthew became wrongly affixed to our first Gospel. The Books of the New Testament To the book of the Acts of the Apostles, its author, and credit, the testimony of Irenaeus is no less explicit. Evidence of Christianity Irenaeus omits the conception by the Holy Ghost, while Tertullian inserts it. Exposition of the Apostles Creed Of the twelve traditional Bishops of Irenaeus, Telesphorus is selected for the honors of martyrdom. The Christ Of Paul Or, The Enigmas of Christianity 2011-12-24T03:08:04.237Z Any reader who considers the situation of Irenaeus a few years before he published this treatise, can have no difficulty in understanding the reference. The Ancient Church Its History, Doctrine, Worship, and Constitution Irenaeus, Clement of Alexandria, Tertullian, and Origen say practically the same thing. The Books of the New Testament Its antiquity is incontestable, from the quotations of it in Irenaeus, A.D. Evidence of Christianity Dr. Lightfoot says that Eusebius "restricts himself to the narrowest limits which justice to his subject will allow," and he illustrates this by the case of Irenaeus. A Reply to Dr. Lightfoot's Essays Polycarp never heard of the incarnation, and it follows as a matter of course he never taught Irenaeus anything of the kind. The Christ Of Paul Or, The Enigmas of Christianity 2011-12-24T03:08:04.237Z The Treatise against Heresies supplies the clearest evidence that Irenaeus was quite ignorant of the existence of the Ignatian epistles. The Ancient Church Its History, Doctrine, Worship, and Constitution Both Irenaeus and Clement were probably born about A.D. The Books of the New Testament We have not received," saith Irenaeus, "the knowledge of the way of our salvation by any others than those by whom the Gospel has been brought to us. Evidence of Christianity Irenaeus, Origen, and some later Fathers tell us nothing about him. A Reply to Dr. Lightfoot's Essays It will be noted that Irenaeus, in his controversy with Ptolemaeus, makes no mention of the fourth Gospel, but falls back on a tradition. The Christ Of Paul Or, The Enigmas of Christianity 2011-12-24T03:08:04.237Z The testimony of Irenaeus, the disciple of Polycarp, throws additional light upon this argument. The Ancient Church Its History, Doctrine, Worship, and Constitution The testimony of Clement with regard to St. Mark is not inconsistent with that of Irenaeus. The Books of the New Testament I have said that the testimony of Irenaeus in favour of our Gospels is exclusive of all others. Evidence of Christianity He quotes Irenaeus in support of this tradition, and the composition of the work at the close of Domitian's reign. A Reply to Dr. Lightfoot's Essays Since the introduction of the Gospels, especially the fourth, great importance has been attached to the fact that Polycarp was a disciple of John, and that Irenaeus had been instructed by the former. The Christ Of Paul Or, The Enigmas of Christianity 2011-12-24T03:08:04.237Z We have thus a remarkable proof that the word catholic was not in use when Irenaeus wrote, for he here expresses the idea by a circumlocution. The Ancient Church Its History, Doctrine, Worship, and Constitution The verses are attested by Irenaeus, and apparently by Justin and Hermas, and were therefore regarded as authentic, or at least as truthful, by educated men at Lyons and Rome, in the 2nd century. The Books of the New Testament Clement followed Irenaeus at the distance of only sixteen years, and therefore may be said to maintain the series of testimony in an uninterrupted continuation. Evidence of Christianity In the same manner, without having the least claim to it, he seized the fortune of Irenaeus, who had died some time before. The Secret History of the Court of Justinian Our confidence is not increased in the genuineness of this letter, that the first distinct reference is made to it by Irenaeus. The Christ Of Paul Or, The Enigmas of Christianity 2011-12-24T03:08:04.237Z Eusebius mentions a publication by Irenaeus, "On Sovereignty, or on the Truth that God is not the Author of Evil," and another by Maximus on "The Origin of Evil." The Ancient Church Its History, Doctrine, Worship, and Constitution Although St. Irenaeus is the first writer who names St. Luke as the author of the third Gospel, the Gospel is quoted by earlier writers. The Books of the New Testament The quotations of Irenaeus prove decidedly, that our present Gospels, and these alone, together with the Acts of the Apostles, were the historical books comprehended by him under these appellations. Evidence of Christianity St. Pothinus the Martyr was succeeded as bishop at Lyons by St. Irenaeus, the most learned, most judicious, and most illustrious of the early heads of the Church in Gaul. A Popular History of France from the Earliest Times, Volume 1 The explanation of Irenaeus was taken up in the third century by a distinguished preacher, Origen. The World's Great Sermons, Volume 10 Drummond to Jowett, and General Index It is remarkable that the word is not found in Irenaeus, or used by his Latin interpreter. The Ancient Church Its History, Doctrine, Worship, and Constitution It was evidently read throughout the 2nd century, and it is definitely assigned to St. Luke by Irenaeus, the Muratorian Fragment, Tertullian, and Clement of Alexandria. The Books of the New Testament With respect to the Scriptures, they are specifically charged, by Irenaeus and by Epiphanius, with endeavouring to pervert a passage in Matthew, which amounts to a positive proof that they received that Gospel. Evidence of Christianity Irenaeus, who lived about the year 170, speaks of churches that were founded in Germany, Spain, France, the eastern countries, Egypt, Lybia, and the middle of the world. An Enquiry into the Obligations of Christians to Use Means for the Conversion of the Heathens In Which the Religious State of the Different Nations of the World, the Success of Former Undertakings, and the Practicability of Further Undertakings, Are Considered The piece was "stamped with a mark in shape like a cross," and the account of Irenaeus was verified. Stories by American Authors, Volume 1 See also a fragment attributed to Irenaeus in Stieren's edition, i. The Ancient Church Its History, Doctrine, Worship, and Constitution The writings of those Fathers of the Church who lived nearest to the apostolic age contain several possible allusions to it, and it is expressly named by Irenaeus, Clement of Alexandria, and Tertullian. The Books of the New Testament Many of the letters here published have already appeared in Mr. S. Irenaeus Prime's biography of Morse, but others are now printed for the first time, and I have omitted many which Mr. Prime included. Samuel F. B. Morse, His Letters and Journals In Two Volumes, Volume I. In this way Irenaeus must be understood, for without the loss of faith some vigils of the apostles were not celebrated with fasting throughout Gaul, which Germany nevertheless observes in fasts. The Confutatio Pontificia In a treatise of Irenaeus's, therefore, of about the second century, Barwood found the first definite mention of the coins. Stories by American Authors, Volume 1 Irenaeus here apparently means that baptism typically is regeneration, in the same way as the bread and wine in the Eucharist are typically the body and blood of Christ. The Ancient Church Its History, Doctrine, Worship, and Constitution It is first definitely mentioned by name in the writings of St. Irenaeus, who quotes it several times. The Books of the New Testament Who finds not that Irenaeus, Epiphanius, Jerome, and others discover more heresies than they well confute, and that oft for heresy which is the truer opinion? Areopagitica A speech for the Liberty of Unlicensed Printing to the Parliament of England And Irenaeus says: Diversity concerning fasting does not destroy the harmony of faith; as also Pope Gregory intimates in Dist. The Augsburg Confession The confession of faith, which was submitted to His Imperial Majesty Charles V at the diet of Augsburg in the year 1530 We know much more of Jesus of Nazareth than the fathers of Nicaea knew; probably than St. Paul knew; certainly than Irenaeus or Clement knew. The Case of Richard Meynell Valentine, in particular, made many converts, and after his death, when Irenaeus wrote a refutation of his heresy, his disciples must still have been numerous. The Ancient Church Its History, Doctrine, Worship, and Constitution But it is plainly quoted by Irenaeus, though he does not mention the author's name. The Books of the New Testament By Samuel Irenaeus Prime, Author of "Travels in Europe and the East," etc., etc. The Atlantic Monthly, Volume 05, No. 31, May, 1860 Irenaeus, who was personally well known to the author, and who has left behind him the treatise Against Heresies already mentioned, speaks therein of this letter in terms of high approval. The Ignatian Epistles Entirely Spurious A Reply to the Right Rev. Dr. Lightfoot Late in the second century, Irenaeus, bishop of Lyons in Gaul, one of the most eminent ecclesiastics of that day, composed an elaborate work against the Gnostic heresies. Outline of Universal History Evidence has already been adduced to shew that the senior presbyter of Smyrna continued to preside until the days of Irenaeus, and there is also documentary proof that meanwhile he possessed no autocratical authority. The Ancient Church Its History, Doctrine, Worship, and Constitution Nor is the omission of any mention of it in Irenaeus and the Muratorian Fragment a very destructive fact. The Books of the New Testament From Justin to Irenaeus the Christian writings are fragmentary and few, but with Irenaeus a whole body of literature seems suddenly to start into being. The Gospels in the Second Century An Examination of the Critical Part of a Work Entitled 'Supernatural Religion' The account of his visit, as given by Irenaeus, rather suggests that a considerable time must meanwhile have elapsed before he made his appearance there. The Ignatian Epistles Entirely Spurious A Reply to the Right Rev. Dr. Lightfoot A point of secondary interest is that Irenaeus speaks of bishops, not of Popes; this title came into use a hundred years after his time. Medieval Europe The very fact of its occurrence is first noticed about forty years afterwards, when the haughty behaviour of another bishop of Rome provoked Irenaeus to call up certain unwelcome reminiscences which it must have suggested. The Ancient Church Its History, Doctrine, Worship, and Constitution But Irenaeus, who was not likely to be mistaken in such a matter, certainly regarded it as the work of the apostle, and the Muratorian Fragment apparently so regards it. The Books of the New Testament If not made by Ptolemaeus himself, they were made by a contemporary of Ptolemaeus, i.e. at least by a writer anterior to Irenaeus. The Gospels in the Second Century An Examination of the Critical Part of a Work Entitled 'Supernatural Religion' The words of Irenaeus can be adduced with still less plausibility to uphold the credit of these letters. The Ignatian Epistles Entirely Spurious A Reply to the Right Rev. Dr. Lightfoot "A freeborn girl—parents Christian—comes from Antioch..." replied Irenaeus. Serapis — Complete Irenaeus is commonly called the disciple of Polycarp; but it is reported that he was also under the tuition of a less intelligent preceptor, Papias of Hierapolis. The Ancient Church Its History, Doctrine, Worship, and Constitution And the evidence of Irenaeus and Melito is still more weighty. The Books of the New Testament Irenaeus is succeeded closely by Clement of Alexandria, Clement by Tertullian, Tertullian by Hippolytus and Origen, and the testimony which these writers bear to the Gospel is marvellously abundant and unanimous. The Gospels in the Second Century An Examination of the Critical Part of a Work Entitled 'Supernatural Religion' Irenaeus had sanctioned its establishment; but, when Victor became so overbearing, he took the alarm, and told him plainly that those who presided over the Church of Rome before him were nothing but presbyters. The Ignatian Epistles Entirely Spurious A Reply to the Right Rev. Dr. Lightfoot "A freeborn girl—parents Christian—comes from Antioch. . ." replied Irenaeus. Serapis — Volume 03 Attempts have been made to shew that two other writers, earlier than Origen, have noticed the Ignatian correspondence; and Eusebius himself has quoted Polycarp and Irenaeus as if bearing witness in its favour. The Ancient Church Its History, Doctrine, Worship, and Constitution Moreover, it would imply that the knowledge possessed by Papias about those who had known the Lord was less direct than that possessed by Irenaeus! The Books of the New Testament I calculate roughly that Irenaeus quotes directly 193 verses of the first Gospel and 73 of the fourth. The Gospels in the Second Century An Examination of the Critical Part of a Work Entitled 'Supernatural Religion' Dr. Lightfoot has seized upon this fact as a reason that they are never quoted by Irenaeus. The Ignatian Epistles Entirely Spurious A Reply to the Right Rev. Dr. Lightfoot "But they have no soul," observed St. Irenaeus. Penguin Island Some of them, such as Theophilus, were the contemporaries of Irenaeus. The Ancient Church Its History, Doctrine, Worship, and Constitution Irenaeus leaves no doubt as to his own reading on the next occasion when he quotes the passage, as he does twice over. The Gospels in the Second Century An Examination of the Critical Part of a Work Entitled 'Supernatural Religion' On the other hand, there is the express testimony of the Epistle of Polycarp quoted in its turn by Irenaeus. The Gospels in the Second Century An Examination of the Critical Part of a Work Entitled 'Supernatural Religion' In opposition to these Irenaeus maintains that the Christus and Jesus are one and the same person. The Gospels in the Second Century An Examination of the Critical Part of a Work Entitled 'Supernatural Religion' "Luckily it is but a passing disorder," said St. Irenaeus. Penguin Island Irenaeus says that Valentine, the most famous and formidable of the Gnostic teachers, "came to Rome under Hyginus, was in his prime under Pius, and lived until the time of Anicetus." The Ancient Church Its History, Doctrine, Worship, and Constitution In any case the double reading was certainly current at the end of the second century, as the words are found in Irenaeus and omitted by Tertullian. The Gospels in the Second Century An Examination of the Critical Part of a Work Entitled 'Supernatural Religion' At any rate we must assume that it was in the hands of Irenaeus about 185 A.D., and it will be not before this that the third book of the work 'Against Heresies' was written. The Gospels in the Second Century An Examination of the Critical Part of a Work Entitled 'Supernatural Religion' On the other hand, by the time of Irenaeus, whose early life ran parallel with the closing years of Papias, the title was undoubtedly given to the Gospel in its present form. The Gospels in the Second Century An Examination of the Critical Part of a Work Entitled 'Supernatural Religion' "Do not speak thus, Irenaeus my son," said the Lord. Penguin Island According to the testimony of Irenaeus there was nothing approaching to uniformity in the practice of the various societies with which he was acquainted. The Ancient Church Its History, Doctrine, Worship, and Constitution But it should be remembered that Irenaeus was now a boy, and that by the time he had reached manhood the Canon of the Gospels had received its definite form. The Gospels in the Second Century An Examination of the Critical Part of a Work Entitled 'Supernatural Religion' Heracleon will to a certain extent go with Ptolemaeus, with whom he is persistently coupled, though, as he is only mentioned once by Irenaeus, the data concerning him are less precise. The Gospels in the Second Century An Examination of the Critical Part of a Work Entitled 'Supernatural Religion' It is mentioned in the most express terms by Irenaeus, who declares himself to have been a disciple of Polycarp in his early youth, and speaks enthusiastically of the teaching which he then received. The Gospels in the Second Century An Examination of the Critical Part of a Work Entitled 'Supernatural Religion' Most of the free quotations, it will be seen, belong not so much to Irenaeus himself, as to the writers he is criticising. The Gospels in the Second Century An Examination of the Critical Part of a Work Entitled 'Supernatural Religion' Thus, Irenaeus tells us that the name Jesus in Hebrew consists of two letters and a half, and describes it as signifying "that Lord who contains heaven and earth!" The Ancient Church Its History, Doctrine, Worship, and Constitution Irenaeus himself was not in doubt that the latter was the true reading. The Gospels in the Second Century An Examination of the Critical Part of a Work Entitled 'Supernatural Religion' All the circumstances point to such a date as that of Irenaeus, and the conception of the Canon is very similar to that which we should gather from the great work 'Against Heresies.' The Gospels in the Second Century An Examination of the Critical Part of a Work Entitled 'Supernatural Religion' So complete had the process been that Irenaeus does not seem to know of a time when the authority of the Gospels had been less than it was to him. The Gospels in the Second Century An Examination of the Critical Part of a Work Entitled 'Supernatural Religion' There is a clear reference to the fourth Gospel in a passage for which Irenaeus alleges the authority of certain 'Presbyters,' who at the least belonged to an elder generation than his own. The Gospels in the Second Century An Examination of the Critical Part of a Work Entitled 'Supernatural Religion' Had an assembly of this kind been a novelty in the days of Irenaeus, the pastor of Lyons would not have given such a version of a passage in the inspired narrative. The Ancient Church Its History, Doctrine, Worship, and Constitution On the contrary, that Heracleon should have written a commentary on the fourth Gospel falls in entirely with what Irenaeus says as to the large use that was made of that Gospel by the Valentinians. The Gospels in the Second Century An Examination of the Critical Part of a Work Entitled 'Supernatural Religion' Irenaeus, as we have seen, was writing in the decade 180-190 A.D. The Gospels in the Second Century An Examination of the Critical Part of a Work Entitled 'Supernatural Religion' This version must have been made a sufficiently long time before the age when Tertullian wrote, and before the Latin translator of Irenaeus, for it to have got into general circulation. The Gospels in the Second Century An Examination of the Critical Part of a Work Entitled 'Supernatural Religion' Irenaeus' acquaintance with Ptolemaeus can hardly have been a fact of yesterday at the time when he wrote. The Gospels in the Second Century An Examination of the Critical Part of a Work Entitled 'Supernatural Religion' There is likewise a letter from the parishes in Gaul of which Irenaeus was president. The Ancient Church Its History, Doctrine, Worship, and Constitution But the most decisive witness before we come to Irenaeus is the Muratorian Canon. The Gospels in the Second Century An Examination of the Critical Part of a Work Entitled 'Supernatural Religion' The strongest presumption that it was is derived from Irenaeus. The Gospels in the Second Century An Examination of the Critical Part of a Work Entitled 'Supernatural Religion' It is evident that Irenaeus would not for a moment think of classing any other Gospel by the side of the now strictly canonical four. The Gospels in the Second Century An Examination of the Critical Part of a Work Entitled 'Supernatural Religion' It seems most natural to suppose that he is speaking of Gospels—possibly not the canonical alone, and yet, with Irenaeus in our mind's eye, we shall say probably to them. The Gospels in the Second Century An Examination of the Critical Part of a Work Entitled 'Supernatural Religion' It is sufficiently clear that Irenaeus held his opinion at the very time that Tatian wrote, though it was not published until later. The Gospels in the Second Century An Examination of the Critical Part of a Work Entitled 'Supernatural Religion' But to what date does this evidence of Irenaeus refer? The Gospels in the Second Century An Examination of the Critical Part of a Work Entitled 'Supernatural Religion' It may be well to give the language of Irenaeus in full as it has been the subject of some controversy. The Gospels in the Second Century An Examination of the Critical Part of a Work Entitled 'Supernatural Religion' Irenaeus mentions Ptolemaeus several times in his first and second books, and on one occasion he couples with his the name of Heracleon. The Gospels in the Second Century An Examination of the Critical Part of a Work Entitled 'Supernatural Religion' But the name of Ptolemaeus is mentioned very near the beginning of the Preface; so that Irenaeus would be committing to paper the statement of his acquaintance with Ptolemaeus as early as 182 A.D. The Gospels in the Second Century An Examination of the Critical Part of a Work Entitled 'Supernatural Religion' Tertullian and Epiphanius in like manner drew largely from the works of Irenaeus. The Gospels in the Second Century An Examination of the Critical Part of a Work Entitled 'Supernatural Religion' On the whole, Irenaeus seems to have had a pretty complete knowledge of the writings and teaching of the Valentinians. The Gospels in the Second Century An Examination of the Critical Part of a Work Entitled 'Supernatural Religion' Less equivocal evidence is afforded by the statements of Irenaeus respecting the Valentinians. The Gospels in the Second Century An Examination of the Critical Part of a Work Entitled 'Supernatural Religion' On a moderate computation, the indirect testimony of Irenaeus may be taken to refer—not to the period 185-195 A.D., which is out of the question—but to that from 160-180 A.D. The Gospels in the Second Century An Examination of the Critical Part of a Work Entitled 'Supernatural Religion' It will perhaps sufficiently satisfy all parties if we suppose that Irenaeus was engaged in writing his first three books between the years 182-188 A.D. The Gospels in the Second Century An Examination of the Critical Part of a Work Entitled 'Supernatural Religion' We may agree with the author of 'Supernatural Religion' that Irenaeus probably made the personal acquaintance of the Valentinian leaders, and obtained copies of their books, during his well-known visit to Rome in 178 A.D. The Gospels in the Second Century An Examination of the Critical Part of a Work Entitled 'Supernatural Religion' The Church writers, Irenaeus, Tertullian, and Epiphanius, without exception, describe Marcion's Gospel as a mutilated or amputated version of St. Luke. The Gospels in the Second Century An Examination of the Critical Part of a Work Entitled 'Supernatural Religion' But more than this; by the time of Irenaeus the canon of the four Gospels, as we understand the word now, was practically formed. The Gospels in the Second Century An Examination of the Critical Part of a Work Entitled 'Supernatural Religion' Taking these statements along with others in Irenaeus, Tertullian, and Epiphanius, modern critics seem to be agreed that Marcion settled in Rome and began to teach his peculiar doctrines about 139-142 A.D. The Gospels in the Second Century An Examination of the Critical Part of a Work Entitled 'Supernatural Religion' Viewed along with so much confirmatory matter in the account of the Valentinians by Irenaeus, the evidence may be taken as that of Ptolemaeus himself rather than of this single letter. The Gospels in the Second Century An Examination of the Critical Part of a Work Entitled 'Supernatural Religion' The books were already there, and, as we see from Irenaeus, critical collections of them had already begun to be made. The Gospels in the Second Century An Examination of the Critical Part of a Work Entitled 'Supernatural Religion' There is a string of allusions in the first book of Irenaeus, 'Adv. The Gospels in the Second Century An Examination of the Critical Part of a Work Entitled 'Supernatural Religion' Irenaeus founds an argument upon this directed against the heretics who supposed that the Christus and Jesus were not identical, but that Jesus was the son of Mary, upon whom the aeon Christus afterwards descended. The Gospels in the Second Century An Examination of the Critical Part of a Work Entitled 'Supernatural Religion' Neither Irenaeus nor Epiphanius are notorious for free quotation—Irenaeus indeed is rather the reverse. The Gospels in the Second Century An Examination of the Critical Part of a Work Entitled 'Supernatural Religion' Irenaeus represents Ptolemaeus as quoting largely from the Prologue to the Gospel. The Gospels in the Second Century An Examination of the Critical Part of a Work Entitled 'Supernatural Religion' But Ptolemaeus, as we have seen, had already gathered a school about him when Irenaeus became acquainted with him. The Gospels in the Second Century An Examination of the Critical Part of a Work Entitled 'Supernatural Religion' For minor variations the text of Irenaeus cannot be used satisfactorily, because it is always doubtful whether the Latin version has correctly reproduced the original. The Gospels in the Second Century An Examination of the Critical Part of a Work Entitled 'Supernatural Religion' At the same time it is clear that Irenaeus himself was aware of the presence of the other reading in some copies which he regarded as bearing the marks of heretical depravation. The Gospels in the Second Century An Examination of the Critical Part of a Work Entitled 'Supernatural Religion'
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