英语词汇“ionized”造句子简单的方法、技巧、例句及翻译-英语例句辞典

By Livingston’s calculations, he had accelerated ionized hydrogen molecules, H2, twenty times over the course of ten complete circuits. Big Science 2015-07-07T00:00:00Z

Then I realized that the phosphate groups in Linus’ model were not ionized, but that each group contained a bound hydrogen atom and so had no net charge. Double Helix 1968-02-27T00:00:00Z

Modern science tells us the effect is caused by electrical coronal discharges – that is the electrical discharge around an object when the moisture in the air around it is ionized. What's in an aura? Stepping into the world of energy reading for health 2016-06-15T04:00:00Z

In a separate bowl, more or less ionized, beat together the butter and brown sugar until the mixture is a pale golden color and mousse-like. These chocolate chip cookies are inspired by the hit film "Ghostbusters" 2019-10-05T04:00:00Z

Plasma arc cutters melt a thin line through metal, using a narrow, focused stream of electrically ionized gas, or plasma. How to restore rusted metal 2018-06-15T04:00:00Z

It also ionized atoms across the ionosphere, which spans from 50 to 1000 kilometers in altitude, researchers say. Cosmic blast seared Earth’s atmosphere from 2 billion light-years away 2023-11-14T05:00:00Z

Now, a team of scientists have discovered that this burst caused a measurable change in the number of ionized particles found in Earth’s upper atmosphere, including ozone molecules, which readily absorb harmful solar radiation. A Supernova ‘Destroyed’ Some of Earth’s Ozone for a Few Minutes in 2022 2023-11-14T05:00:00Z

One of the filters used in these observations is tuned for light from hot iron gas, tracing the ionized metal’s distribution throughout the tendrils. See JWST’s Spectacular New View of the Crab Nebula 2023-11-10T05:00:00Z

The purple hue emerges from the galaxy’s mixture of ionized gas, which appears blue, and dust, which appears red. Euclid Space Telescope Releases Stunning First Science Images 2023-11-08T05:00:00Z

The doughnut-shaped reactor, 12 meters in diameter, reached a milestone last week when it used magnetic fields generated by superconducting coils to contain a cloud of ionized gas, or plasma. News at a glance: Avian flu, a gene-therapy setback, and an opera about a fraudulent researcher 2023-11-01T04:00:00Z

Japan’s JT-60SA uses magnetic fields from superconducting coils to contain a blazingly hot cloud of ionized gas, or plasma, within a doughnut-shaped vacuum vessel, in hope of coaxing hydrogen nuclei to fuse and release energy. First plasma fired up at world’s largest fusion reactor 2023-10-31T04:00:00Z

The sun has a fiendishly complex magnetic field created by the motions of ionized gas called plasma in its interior. How to Watch the Northern Lights and Other Awesome Auroras 2023-10-13T04:00:00Z

The solar wind consists of plasma - ionized gas, or gas in which the atoms lose their electrons - and is mostly ionized hydrogen. Sun-observing spacecraft sheds light on the solar wind's origin 2023-08-24T04:00:00Z

The magnetic field acts as a "giant forcefield" that contains the sun's superheated plasma, or ionized gas, close to the surface, suppressing solar activity, he added. Solar Maximum Could Hit Us Harder And Sooner Than We Thought 2023-07-04T04:00:00Z

The other flavor, he says, likely forms when the outflow blasts through what scientists call H II regions, which are clouds of ionized gas around hot stars. Strange Giant Filaments Reveal a Mystery at the Milky Way’s Heart 2023-06-22T04:00:00Z

In addition, some of the volcanic ash that was formed of fragmented rock and magma blown into the air by the eruption also become ionized, leading to more areas of positive and negative charge. The Most Intense Lightning Storm Ever Recorded Was Sparked by the Hunga Tonga Eruption 2023-06-21T04:00:00Z

Specifically, they found that one out of six galaxies from this region had features indicating that their atoms had been ionized by starlight and then cooled down to be combined with other molecules. "Let there be light!" James Webb discovers ancient galaxies that gave our universe its first glow 2023-06-15T04:00:00Z

This ionized gas flows outward along magnetic field lines emerging from our star, spooling out in radial spirals tied to the sun’s rotation. Scientists Make Best-Yet Map of Solar System’s Interstellar Boundaries 2023-06-08T04:00:00Z

An ionized upper atmosphere also becomes denser, which can create additional drag for Earth-orbiting satellites. Solar Maximum Could Hit Us Harder And Sooner Than We Thought 2023-07-04T04:00:00Z

Scientists have detected the ripple effects of small ground-level explosions 100 kilometers up in ionized layers of the upper atmosphere. Earth’s upper atmosphere is a sensitive explosion detector 2023-05-12T04:00:00Z

These can be quite volatile, such as blazars, which are AGN that shoot out jets of ionized matter traveling at nearly the speed of light. Scientists solved a six-decade mystery about the brightest, most powerful objects in the universe 2023-04-30T04:00:00Z

Another way that SMBHs announce their presence is via jets, narrow beams of ionized gas fired out from the black hole’s poles at close to the speed of light. Astronomers try to catch titanic black hole clashes in action 2023-04-25T04:00:00Z

Tunneling reactions between ions such as this one are thought to be important for chemical synthesis in the diffuse, interstellar soup of ionized gas that provides the raw material for new star systems. Bizarre Quantum Tunneling Observation Throws Out All the Rules 2023-04-04T04:00:00Z

The charged molecules create what is known as a “plasma torus” in Io’s wake: a doughnut-shaped cloud of ionized gas that collects in Jupiter’s magnetic field. A New View of the Most Explosive Moon in the Solar System 2023-01-25T05:00:00Z

The ionized region of the atmosphere, or ionosphere, is most famous as the home of aurorae, which occur when charged particles from the Sun slam into atoms and cause them to light up. Earth’s upper atmosphere is a sensitive explosion detector 2023-05-12T04:00:00Z

The advance marks the culmination of decades of efforts to show that a laser can drill an ionized channel through the atmosphere that provides a path of least resistance for lightning to follow. News at a glance: Global warming, China’s COVID-19 deaths, and JWST’s exoplanet investigations 2023-01-18T05:00:00Z

In theory, the laser beam would create a straight path of ionized air along which current could flow more easily. Playing Zeus, scientists use a laser beam to control lightning bolts 2023-01-16T05:00:00Z

The total observation time in the discovery and confirmation images that used just the doubly ionized oxygen filter was a staggering 160 hours. A Recently Discovered Gas Cloud Near Andromeda Stumps Astronomers 2023-01-12T05:00:00Z

One eruption could push more ionized gas into the torus. A New View of the Most Explosive Moon in the Solar System 2023-01-25T05:00:00Z

Blazars are some of the brightest objects in the universe, which discharge jets of ionized matter traveling at nearly the speed of light. A weird, dead magnetized star has a solid surface — and a ring 2023-01-09T05:00:00Z

That streaming generates another magnetic field, twisting the ionized gas like a candy cane and steadying it. Twisty device explores alternative path to fusion 2022-09-06T04:00:00Z

Yet early attempts with high-powered lasers failed because, within a short distance, the ionized air simply absorbed the laser light, leaving an air channel far too stubby to attract or affect lightning. Playing Zeus, scientists use a laser beam to control lightning bolts 2023-01-16T05:00:00Z

Would you expect ionized gas to have low resistance? College Physics for AP Courses 2015-08-12T00:00:00Z

The carbon dioxide was then dissolved in water, reacting to produce hydrogen carbonate, a weak acid that subsequently ionized to yield bicarbonate and hydrogen ions: Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z

The Sun, like all stars, is an enormous ball of extremely hot, largely ionized gas, shining under its own power. Astronomy 2016-10-13T00:00:00Z

One was a better understanding of “pickup” ions: neutral atoms, primarily hydrogen, from interstellar space that become ionized when they encounter the solar wind or the Sun’s ultraviolet radiation. ‘Voyager on steroids.’ Mission would probe mysterious region beyond our Solar System 2022-07-27T04:00:00Z

In fact, what appears to be white steam rising from the “cliffs” is hot dust and ionized gas streaming away as the ultraviolet radiation interacts with the nebula. Behold, Some Hidden Gems from JWST’s First Images 2022-07-21T04:00:00Z

Comet tails are composed of gases and dust evaporated from the body of the comet and ionized gas. College Physics for AP Courses 2015-08-12T00:00:00Z

Liquid water undergoes autoionization to a very slight extent; at 25 °C, approximately two out of every billion water molecules are ionized. Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z

In fact, the Sun is so hot that many of the atoms in it are ionized, that is, stripped of one or more of their electrons. Astronomy 2016-10-13T00:00:00Z

In the near-infrared, the material forms a ring of foamy gas and dust, with hot, ionized gas dominating the central region. Take a cosmic tour inside the images captured by NASA’s Webb telescope

When a dying star sheds its outer layers and becomes a white dwarf, the released gases become ionized and emit light. Here's what the James Webb Space Telescope has seen in just a week of looking 2022-07-12T04:00:00Z

Since Faraday’s experiments with electroplating in the 1830s, it had been known that about 100,000 C per mole was needed to plate singly ionized ions. College Physics for AP Courses 2015-08-12T00:00:00Z

Generally only about 1% of the molecules of a carboxylic acid dissolved in water are ionized at any given time. Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z

Since hydrogen is the main constituent of interstellar gas, we often characterize a region of space according to whether its hydrogen is neutral or ionized. Astronomy 2016-10-13T00:00:00Z

Streams of ionized material are flowing toward the top of the frame. Take a cosmic tour inside the images captured by NASA’s Webb telescope

By the time of the universe’s billionth birthday, that hydrogen was ionized. Webb telescope wows with first images 2022-07-11T04:00:00Z

Part of the energy that they deposit by collision with an atom results in one or more of the atom’s inner electrons being knocked into a higher orbit or the atom being ionized. College Physics for AP Courses 2015-08-12T00:00:00Z

Acids that are partially ionized are called “weak,” and their acid ionization constants may be experimentally measured. Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z

In most of the images in this chapter, a red glow is associated with ionized hydrogen. Astronomy 2016-10-13T00:00:00Z

The ionized form of fluorine is called fluoride, and is written as F–. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z

Fusion reactors generally need a large startup tritium supply because the right conditions for fusion only occur in the hottest part of the plasma of ionized gases. Fusion power may run out of fuel before it even gets started 2022-06-22T04:00:00Z

The flash discharge is through a low-resistance ionized gas in the flash tube and proceeds very rapidly. College Physics for AP Courses 2015-08-12T00:00:00Z

If all these strong acids are completely ionized in water, why does the column indicate they vary in strength, with nitric acid being the weakest and perchloric acid the strongest? Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z

Hydrogen is ionized only by radiation with wavelengths shorter than 91.2 nm. Astronomy 2016-10-13T00:00:00Z

A little more than one-half of blood calcium is bound to proteins, leaving the rest in its ionized form. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z

The interstellar magnetic field, thought to be generated by nearby stars and vast clouds of ionized gases, would presumably have a different orientation from the magnetic field of the heliosphere. Record-Breaking Voyager Spacecraft Begin to Power Down 2022-06-16T04:00:00Z

Another example of the pinch effect is found in the solar plasma, where jets of ionized material, such as solar flares, are shaped by magnetic forces. College Physics for AP Courses 2015-08-12T00:00:00Z

But ionized electrons and protons in interstellar space scatter the radio waves into a blur that obscures details of the source. The Milky Way’s Black Hole Comes to Light 2022-05-12T04:00:00Z

The pressure of the hot, ionized gas surrounding these stars compresses the material in the nearby edge of the molecular cloud and initiates the gravitational collapse that will lead to the formation of more stars. Astronomy 2016-10-13T00:00:00Z

Most minerals are ionized, and their ionic forms are used in physiological processes throughout the body. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z

Observations of the central region of the galaxy are hampered by intervening dust and ionized particles. Supermassive black hole seen at the center of our galaxy 2022-05-11T04:00:00Z

Sgr A* proved a harder nut to crack, first because the telescopes were viewing it through the crowded central plane of the Milky Way, where electrons from ionized gases scattered the light. Shadow of Milky Way’s giant black hole revealed by astronomers 2022-05-12T04:00:00Z

In Earth’s atmosphere, where oxygen levels were rising, the increased radiation could have ionized some of this oxygen, allowing it to escape to space and depleting a valuable resource for life, Tarduno says. Scientists are probing the secrets of Earth’s inner core—and how it saved life on our planet 2022-03-30T04:00:00Z

Figure 25.16 Sagittarius A. This image, taken with the Very Large Array of radio telescopes, shows the radio emission from hot, ionized gas in the center of the Milky Way. Astronomy 2016-10-13T00:00:00Z

New research published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences determined that government regulations that set thresholds on ionized chloride from human pollutants fail to sufficiently protect critical freshwater zooplankton species. Road salt runoff is making freshwater lakes inhospitable 2022-02-24T05:00:00Z

Both are tokamaks: doughnut-shaped vessels wrapped in a grid of powerful magnets that hold the superhot ionized gas, or plasma, in place and prevent it from touching and melting the vessel walls. European fusion reactor sets record for sustained energy 2022-02-09T05:00:00Z

X-rays are emitted when gas is heated up to hundreds of millions of degrees Celsius and ionized to produce plasma, a roiling soup of electrons and ions. NASA telescope to study how extreme cosmic objects sculpt x-ray light 2021-12-02T05:00:00Z

Finding strong emission from highly ionized elements in a galaxy’s spectrum is a dead giveaway that an accreting supermassive black hole lies at its center. Galaxy Collisions Preview Milky Way’s Fate 2021-11-16T05:00:00Z

Why are ionized gases typically only found in very high-temperature environments? Astronomy 2016-10-13T00:00:00Z

Those discoveries could also bear on the mystery of what ionized the hydrogen gas that fills the universe, making it transparent to light. On the launch pad at last, NASA’s Webb telescope will probe first stars and weather on alien worlds 2021-11-11T05:00:00Z

In that state, these lithium atoms are said to be ionized. Your Batteries Are Due for Disruption 2021-09-08T04:00:00Z

To do that, a tokamak relies on intense magnetic fields to trap and squeeze a super-hot ionized gas, or plasma, within a doughnut-shaped vacuum chamber. This powerful electromagnet could help make fusion energy a reality 2021-09-08T04:00:00Z

The device relies on enormous superconducting magnets to hold the ionized gas, or plasma, in a doughnut-shaped vessel while it is heated with microwaves and particle beams. Plans unveiled for private U.K. fusion reactor powered by ‘smoke rings’ and pneumatic pistons 2021-06-16T04:00:00Z

In the upper ionosphere, ultraviolet radiation from the Sun can strip electrons from their atoms, leaving the atmosphere ionized. Astronomy 2016-10-13T00:00:00Z

This ionized gas is the fourth state of matter, one we encounter in our daily lives a lot less than solids, liquids or more familiar gases. Why Humans Are So Thirsty 2021-06-15T04:00:00Z

The sun is a medium-size star, a ball of blazing-hot ionized gas one million miles in diameter. Will the Next Space-Weather Season Be Stormy or Fair? 2021-05-28T04:00:00Z

Unlike incandescent bulbs, which heat metal filaments to create energy, and fluorescent lamps, which use ionized gas, LEDs are tiny semiconductor chips that emit photons of light when an electric current is applied to them. Isamu Akasaki, 92, Dies; Nobel Winner Lit Up the World With LEDs 2021-04-06T04:00:00Z

Even at the darkest possible sites on Earth, the sky itself has a natural glow in the upper atmosphere from sources like ionized particles. Study finds nowhere on Earth is safe from satellite light pollution 2021-03-28T04:00:00Z

Many of the atoms are ionized by the loss of an electron, and this region is often called the ionosphere. Astronomy 2016-10-13T00:00:00Z

“What happens when the atmosphere is that ionized?” he asks. Ancient kauri trees capture last collapse of Earth’s magnetic field 2021-02-18T05:00:00Z

FES mainly funds research on magnetically confined fusion, in which an ionized gas or plasma is squeezed and heated until atomic nuclei fuse and release energy. U.S. physicists rally around ambitious plan to build fusion power plant 2020-12-08T05:00:00Z

Their models suggest carbon dioxide, ionized by particles in the solar wind that bombards the atmosphere, vigorously splits the water molecules apart. Martian dust storms parch the planet by driving water into space 2020-11-12T05:00:00Z

These doughnut-shaped vessels contain a superhot ionized gas—or plasma—of hydrogen isotopes that is constrained with powerful magnets and heated by microwaves and particle beams. United Kingdom lights up its unusual fusion reactor 2020-10-30T04:00:00Z

The brightest part of the tail is called the dust tail, to differentiate it from a fainter, straight tail made of ionized gas, called the ion tail. Astronomy 2016-10-13T00:00:00Z

The sun, like all active stars, constantly vents matter in the form of solar wind, which includes particles like electrons, protons, and ionized helium atoms. A study that links solar activity to earthquakes is sending shockwaves through the science world 2020-07-21T04:00:00Z

The instrument will “sniff” the ionized gas produced by these mini blasts and determine the type and quantity of chemical elements in the rocks. Chinese Spacecraft Poised for First Mars Mission 2020-07-15T04:00:00Z

A dense soup of ionized hydrogen, helium and other heavier elements exists in the space between galaxies. Strange Extragalactic Strands Mystify Astronomers 2020-04-16T04:00:00Z

The ionized gas generates reactive oxygen and nitrogen molecules that disrupt cell membranes, and perhaps viral proteins. Iran confronts coronavirus amid a ‘battle between science and conspiracy theories’ 2020-03-29T04:00:00Z

It was not until 60 years later that astronomers discovered that this emission was in fact due to highly ionized iron—iron with 13 of its electrons stripped off. Astronomy 2016-10-13T00:00:00Z

Researchers think that the ionized elements become packed together in the next layer, creating a lattice in the inner crust. The golden age of neutron-star physics has arrived 2020-03-03T05:00:00Z

During one of the machine’s runs, which last just seconds, millions of amps course through NSTX’s magnet coils, creating fields that squeeze an ionized gas so tightly that atomic nuclei can fuse. After decades of decline, the U.S. national fusion lab seeks a rebirth 2020-02-06T05:00:00Z

As an FRB travels through the ionized intergalactic medium, its radio waves interact with free electrons and are slowed. Not all fast radio bursts are created equal 2020-01-05T05:00:00Z

The beautiful image, which spans 190 light-years, is one of a set of long, thin strands of ionized gas called filaments. NASA spots cosmic 'candy cane' in Milky Way 2019-12-18T05:00:00Z

In the Sun, the source of kinetic energy is the churning of turbulent layers of ionized gas within the Sun’s interior that we mentioned earlier. Astronomy 2016-10-13T00:00:00Z

Just after the big bang, glowing plasma—hot, ionized gas—filled the expanding universe. Drenchable Drones, Prickly Cells and Face-Tracked Chimps: Science GIFs to Start Your Week 2019-09-16T04:00:00Z

During a run, something nearly as otherworldly fills the chamber: a wispy ionized gas, or plasma, heated to 100 million degrees Celsius—hotter than the core of the Sun. After decades of decline, the U.S. national fusion lab seeks a rebirth 2020-02-06T05:00:00Z

The company recently reported that its prototype computer, using 11 qubits made of ionized atoms, performed more complex calculations with greater accuracy than any rival machine. The quantum revolution is coming, and Chinese scientists are at the forefront 2019-08-18T04:00:00Z

Those dark, ionized bubbles grew bigger over roughly half a billion years, as galaxies grew and merged, leaving less and less luminous hydrogen between them. The quest to unlock the secrets of the baby Universe 2019-08-13T04:00:00Z

Star X has lines of ionized helium in its spectrum, and star Y has bands of titanium oxide. Astronomy 2016-10-13T00:00:00Z

"Because of Jupiter's fast rotation -- a day on Jupiter lasts only ten hours -- the centrifugal forces move the ionized gas in Jupiter's magnetic field, which generate the electric currents." Mysterious alternating currents found on Jupiter 2019-07-17T04:00:00Z

As the radio waves from FRBs travel to Earth, they pass through wisps of ionized gas that exist throughout intergalactic space and become distorted, based on just how much stuff they encounter along the way. Mysterious Outburst's Quiet Cosmic Home Yields More Questions Than Answers 2019-06-27T04:00:00Z

Ogasawara calls their bread recipe “very simple,” but goes on to explain that it’s dairy-free — most Japanese milk bread is made with, yes, milk — and that they are “particular about the water,” using alkaline ionized. Hello, sando: taste-testing squishy white-bread Japanese sandwiches in Seattle and Bellevue 2019-05-15T04:00:00Z

Even today, the vast majority of the Universe’s hydrogen remains ionized. The quest to unlock the secrets of the baby Universe 2019-08-13T04:00:00Z

The spectrum of star Z shows lines of ionized helium and also molecular bands of titanium oxide. Astronomy 2016-10-13T00:00:00Z

Given that air must be ionized to provide all of these paths, such a process would require an unfeasible amount of energy. A closer look at lightning reveals needle-like structures 2019-04-16T04:00:00Z

The gas in a disk may be swept up by planets, blown off by stellar winds, ionized by a star’s ultraviolet or x-ray light, or even channeled away by magnetic fields. 'Oumuamua-like Objects Might Supercharge Planet Formation 2019-04-17T04:00:00Z

Others believe swirling clouds of hot, ionized gas created by asteroid impacts early in lunar history generated short-lived, local magnetic fields that became locked in the crust. Israeli lander pioneers private flights to the moon 2019-03-28T04:00:00Z

For a useful number of fusions to occur, fusion fuel must be heated to tens of millions of degrees so that it produces an ionized gas called a plasma. Experimentally trained statistical models boost nuclear-fusion performance 2019-01-29T05:00:00Z

The strongest lines are those of ionized helium. Astronomy 2016-10-13T00:00:00Z

Polarity asymmetry in lightning leaders is conspicuous, and is ultimately attributable to the marked polarity asymmetry in the charge carriers in ionized air4: free electrons are highly mobile, whereas heavier positive ions are not. A closer look at lightning reveals needle-like structures 2019-04-16T04:00:00Z

The order in which electrons are released when some atoms are ionized also doesn’t seem to follow the Madelung rule. Can quantum ideas explain chemistry’s greatest icon? 2019-01-29T05:00:00Z

Some experiments control a super-hot ionized gas called plasma with magnetic fields inside a massive metal doughnut called a tokamak. Can AI help crack the code of fusion power? 2019-01-29T05:00:00Z

A hydrocarbon gas mixture is ionized by microwaves or lasers in a vessel at temperatures of about 800 degrees Celsius. Factbox: How man-made diamonds have grown to threaten natural gems 2018-12-21T05:00:00Z

The atom is then said to be ionized. Astronomy 2016-10-13T00:00:00Z

And The Washington Post discovered a live stream that lets you listen to the ping of radio waves reflected back to Earth by the clouds of ionized gases in the meteors’ wakes. Watch the brilliant Geminid meteor shower celebrated by today’s Google Doodle 2018-12-13T05:00:00Z

Although scandium’s extra electron lies in its 3d orbital, experiments show that, when it is ionized, it loses an electron from 4s first. Can quantum ideas explain chemistry’s greatest icon? 2019-01-29T05:00:00Z

The nicotine in nicotine salts is ionized, which means it carries a slight positive charge. Juul’s nicotine salts are dominating the market — and other companies want in 2018-11-21T05:00:00Z

To drastically reduce the size of accelerators, scientists are exploring ways to use waves that are instead generated internally, in an ionized gas known as a plasma2. Short proton bunches rapidly accelerate energetic electrons 2018-09-18T04:00:00Z

If enough energy is available, an atom can become completely ionized, losing all of its electrons. Astronomy 2016-10-13T00:00:00Z

The method uses waves in plasma, a soup of ionized atoms, to push electrons to ever-higher energies over distances much shorter than those required in today’s particle accelerators. CERN’s pioneering mini-accelerator passes first test 2018-08-28T04:00:00Z

An FAA spokesman noted that the FAA issued a notice in 2014 warning crew members about the risks of exposure to in-flight ionized radiation. Flight attendants call for action in response to study that finds the job comes with high cancer risk 2018-06-29T04:00:00Z

Once present, the heavier elements helped the primordial gas cool because they became ionized at high temperatures, causing the gas to glow and shed heat. Discovery of middleweight black holes could explain origin of million-solar-mass monster 2018-05-30T04:00:00Z

Google and IBM, for example, are pursuing quantum computers based on wires supercooled to become semiconductors or ionized atoms in a vacuum chamber trapped by lasers. What Are the Limits of Manipulating Nature? 2018-05-25T04:00:00Z

An atom that has become positively ionized has lost a negative charge—the missing electron—and thus is left with a net positive charge. Astronomy 2016-10-13T00:00:00Z

We detect an emission line of doubly ionized oxygen at a redshift of 9.1096 ± 0.0006, with an uncertainty of one standard deviation. The onset of star formation 250 million years after the Big Bang 2018-05-15T04:00:00Z

Guillot thinks that may be because the gases inside the core are electrically charged, or ionized. NASA’s Juno spacecraft finds deep winds and patterned cyclones on Jupiter 2018-03-07T05:00:00Z

Analysis of the galaxy’s gas suggests that it was ionized by radiation emitted as the black hole gobbled up matter over millions of years. Supermassive black hole is credited for dazzling display 2018-02-25T05:00:00Z

The process of this phase change from a neutral to an ionized Universe, known as reionization, is poorly understood. A beacon at the dawn of the Universe 2018-01-23T05:00:00Z

The rate at which such collisional ionizations occur depends on the speeds of the atoms and hence on the temperature of the gas—the hotter the gas, the more of its atoms will be ionized. Astronomy 2016-10-13T00:00:00Z

It was a key moment in the Universe’s history known as the Epoch of Reionization, in which the hydrogen shifted from being neutral to ionized — and brought the Dark Ages to an end. The most distant supermassive black hole ever found holds secrets to the early Universe 2017-12-06T05:00:00Z

Some scientists think that ionized methane accumulating in the atmosphere at night makes the electric field stronger over the site. Welcome to the World's Most Awesomely Awful Places 2017-12-04T05:00:00Z

We further checked atomic data line lists for possible light r-process elements30 in this range, finding neutral and singly ionized Sb, I and Xe transitions. A kilonova as the electromagnetic counterpart to a gravitational-wave source : Nature : Nature Research 2017-10-15T04:00:00Z

Scientists hypothesize that the missing atoms lie in diffuse clouds of highly ionized gas stretching between the galaxies. Astronomers say they’ve found many of the universe’s missing atoms 2017-10-10T04:00:00Z

From a knowledge of the temperature and density of a gas, it is possible to calculate the fraction of atoms that have been ionized once, twice, and so on. Astronomy 2016-10-13T00:00:00Z

One idea is that when igneous or metamorphic rocks are under stress, their molecular bonds break and release ionized oxygen that travels through the rock. What caused the mysterious lights in the night sky after Mexico’s earthquake? 2017-09-15T04:00:00Z

One telescope will observe green emissions from ionized iron atoms in the sun’s outer atmosphere. Scientists to Take Flight for Longer Views of the Eclipse 2017-08-14T04:00:00Z

For the temperature implied by the blackbody-like SED, Fe would be expected to be primarily in its neutral or singly ionized state: in either case, detectable features would be expected. A kilonova as the electromagnetic counterpart to a gravitational-wave source : Nature : Nature Research 2017-10-15T04:00:00Z

Rubin investigated rotational velocities in spiral galaxies using ionized gas regions that she was able to observe at optical wavelengths. Tribute: Vera Rubin and the dark matter problem : Nature : Nature Research 2017-03-07T05:00:00Z

The energy levels of an ionized atom are entirely different from those of the same atom when it is neutral. Astronomy 2016-10-13T00:00:00Z

Then the scientists placed jars of the blueberries under a cylinder that shot out a violet-tinged stream of oxygen and nitrogen plasma—essentially ionized air. Healthier blueberries, thanks to a blast of purple plasma 2016-12-05T05:00:00Z

Other instruments will chart gas, dust and ionized particles at an unprecedented range. Comet crash: a guide to Rosetta’s big finale 2016-09-26T04:00:00Z

The showers are cascades of ionized particles and electromagnetic radiation that are produced when a cosmic ray enters the atmosphere. James Cronin (1931-2016) : Nature : Nature Research 2016-09-20T04:00:00Z

It’s visible to the naked eye here on Earth because it is so strongly illuminated by ultraviolet radiation and brightly glowing ionized gas. New Photo of Orion Nebula Reveals Its Spectacular Heart 2016-07-12T04:00:00Z

This image of the Sun was taken with a filter that transmits only the light of the spectral line produced by singly ionized calcium. Astronomy 2016-10-13T00:00:00Z

Plasma has an advantage over other sterilizing technologies like ultraviolet radiation, he says, because the ionized gas can reach every nook in which norovirus might hide on the surface of the berries. Healthier blueberries, thanks to a blast of purple plasma 2016-12-05T05:00:00Z

The machines are assembled under arched steel cranes and in cavernous halls that smell of carbide and ionized air. The Long Dig 2008-09-15T04:00:00Z

Whether liquid compounds are ionized, neutral or hydrogen bonded also depends on temperature and the ingredients involved. Chemistry: Develop ionic liquid drugs 2015-12-07T05:00:00Z

When a pulse of such extreme radiation hits neon atoms, all 10 electrons boil off each atom, and the denuded nuclei explode away from their similarly ionized neighbors. Super Powerful X-Ray Laser Boils Atoms in Molecules and Explodes Living Cells--All in the Name of Science 2015-12-01T05:00:00Z

Because the electron and the proton are separated, ionized hydrogen cannot produce absorption lines. Astronomy 2016-10-13T00:00:00Z

These doughnut-shaped devices are meant to cage ionized gases called plasmas in magnetic fields while heating them to the outlandish temperatures needed for hydrogen nuclei to fuse. Feature: The bizarre reactor that might save nuclear fusion 2015-10-21T04:00:00Z

Eventually, the bubbles grew and joined together until the entire universe was ionized again, matching its state after the Big Bang. Light From Universe’s First Stars Spotted in Hubble Photos 2015-10-06T04:00:00Z

A tenth of a millisecond later, all of the materials that had made up the bomb converted into an ionized gas, and electromagnetic waves were released into the air. “Most of Nagasaki’s residents had no warning”: The day we dropped the bomb 2015-08-06T04:00:00Z

The ionized electrons and protons in interstellar space scattered the radio waves into a blur that obscured details of the source. Black Hole Hunters 2015-06-08T04:00:00Z

Balmer lines of hydrogen are very strong; some lines of ionized metals are present. Astronomy 2016-10-13T00:00:00Z

The result is a tenuous ionized gas that would vaporize any material it touches—and yet must be held in place long enough for fusion to generate useful amounts of energy. Feature: The new shape of fusion 2015-05-21T04:00:00Z

They found a large region of the galaxy giving off a signal of helium being ionized. Nearby galaxy gives window into early universe 2015-03-23T04:00:00Z

That’s a region of space where electrons naturally separate from molecules and float separately to create an ionized gas. Pink cloud visible in Arizona after New Mexico rocket launch 2015-02-25T05:00:00Z

That's a region of space where electrons naturally separate from molecules and float separately to create an ionized gas. Pink cloud visible in Arizona after New Mexico rocket launch 2015-02-25T05:00:00Z

Lines of ionized calcium are the strongest in the spectrum; hydrogen lines show only moderate strength; lines of neutral and metals are present. Astronomy 2016-10-13T00:00:00Z

But in the aesthetic of minimalism chic, the architectural hulks — with their onyx bars, guest villas and ionized lap pools — seem dated. The why of weak consumer spending 2015-02-16T05:00:00Z

This "fourth state of matter" consists of ionized gas molecules at room temperature. 'Cold plasma' kills off norovirus 2015-01-30T05:00:00Z

They took sludge samples gathered from around the country and measured the metal content using a mass spectrometer that can discern different elements as they are ionized in a superhot plasma. Sewage sludge could contain millions of dollars worth of gold 2015-01-16T05:00:00Z

For a few seconds, the ionized region reflects short-wavelength radio waves, creating short blips and beeps of sound. Leonid Meteor Shower Peaks Monday: How to See It 2014-11-17T05:00:00Z

But telescopes launched above Earth’s atmosphere obtained ultraviolet spectra that contained interstellar lines produced by oxygen atoms that have been ionized five times. Astronomy 2016-10-13T00:00:00Z

With luck, Hubble might see Martian aurorae as ionized particles perturb the planet’s weak magnetic field. The Best Seat in the House for Sunday’s Comet Flyby Is Mars 2014-10-18T04:00:00Z

In others, the Sun’s ultraviolet rays strip electrons away, and when the remaining ionized particles re-combine with other electrons, some gain enough speed to escape. Jubilation as NASA orbiter reaches Mars 2014-09-21T04:00:00Z

Fusion power demands heating certain isotopes of hydrogen or other light elements to hundreds of millions of kelvin until they form ionized plasma. Fusion furore 2014-07-22T04:00:00Z

It will also produce an improved estimate of a parameter known as “tau” related to when the first stars ionized our universe. BICEP2 Makes Waves in Cosmology: Now What? 2014-03-18T13:43:20Z

To emit X-rays, and to contain oxygen atoms that have been ionized five times, gas must be heated to temperatures of a million degrees or more. Astronomy 2016-10-13T00:00:00Z

In fact, an ionized gas permeates the entire universe, and that gas is capable of carrying sound. Is a ‘Silent Night’ possible? Not really. 2013-12-23T21:21:12Z

The likely excitation mechanism for the observed ArH emission lines is electron collisions in partially ionized regions with electron densities of a few hundred per centimeter cubed. [Report] Detection of a Noble Gas Molecular Ion, 36ArH+, in the Crab Nebula 2013-12-12T19:26:20.353Z

“This is the first clear case of an alkali metal not only losing its single easily ionized valence electron in bonding, but also ‘breaking into the core’ in its bonding with several fluorines.” A Basic Rule of Chemistry Can Be Broken, Calculations Show 2013-11-21T12:45:00.513Z

Once ionized, the hydrogen would be electrically conductive and no longer scatter light. Astronomers discover most distant galaxy yet 2013-10-23T21:34:28Z

If an atom has lost one or more electrons, it is called an ion and is said to be ionized. Astronomy 2016-10-13T00:00:00Z

There, in interstellar space, the plasma, or ionized gas, is noticeably denser. In a Breathtaking First, NASA’s Voyager 1 Exits the Solar System 2013-09-12T18:58:07Z

The researchers spotted a huge cloud of plasma, some 300 light-years long, containing highly ionized atoms. Milky Way Black Hole Had Hungry Past 2013-07-29T22:15:00.720Z

Astronomers know, for example, that the raw material was a hot, ionized plasma of hydrogen and helium that emerged from the Big Bang, then rapidly cooled as the Universe expanded. Galaxy formation: Cosmic dawn 2013-05-29T17:20:30.897Z

Measuring 300 light-years across, the bubble, known as G52L, is filled with hydrogen gas that is ionized by the energetic radiation of embedded young stars. ScienceShot: Milky Way Blows a Huge Bubble 2013-01-10T19:40:00Z

In the atmospheres of the hottest stars, hydrogen atoms are completely ionized. Astronomy 2016-10-13T00:00:00Z

Factor e Farm has already built 15 of these devices, including a computer-controlled torch table that can cut intricate patterns on metal with a jet of superheated ionized gas. The Post-Apocalypse Survival Machine Nerd Farm 2012-11-02T01:22:11Z

Plasma—the glowing ionized gas found in lightning, TV sets, and fluorescent lamps—is also the name of his cat. Why the Professor Went to Prison 2012-11-02T01:21:45Z

Fusion reactors heat and squeeze a plasma—an ionized gas—composed of the hydrogen isotopes deuterium and tritium, compressing the isotopes until their nuclei overcome their mutual repulsion and fuse together. A Step Forward for Fusion 2012-09-18T16:45:00Z

From two graphite electrodes, an arc of electricity leaps about a foot to the molten slag, producing a cloud of ionized particles known as plasma, which heats the chamber. Plasma Gasification Raises Hopes of Clean Energy From Garbage 2012-09-11T16:52:11Z

But if the spectrum also contains helium lines, then it is a B star, whereas if it contains lines of ionized iron and other metals, it must be a G star. Astronomy 2016-10-13T00:00:00Z

Not at all like me, all swirls and ionized storms. Celestial bodies 2012-06-27T17:51:08.497Z

Around the time that SXDF-NB1006-2 emitted the light now reaching telescopes on Earth, the neutral hydrogen atoms of intergalactic space were being ionized by newly formed stars and galaxies. Astronomers Identify Very Distant (But Not the Most Distant) Galaxy 2012-06-07T15:15:00.207Z

Researchers have variously unzipped them into flat sheets using metal catalysts, or etched 10–20 nm wide ribbons from them using ionized argon gas. Production: Beyond sticky tape 2012-03-14T22:50:43.050Z

That machine is a donut-shaped device known as a tokamak that uses magnetic fields to trap an ionized gas or plasma and hold it at very high temperature and pressure. At DOE, Body Blows to Fusion, Nuclear Physics, and Particle Physics 2012-02-13T23:18:10Z

Second, more atoms are ionized in a giant star than in a star like the Sun with the same temperature. Astronomy 2016-10-13T00:00:00Z

X-ray body scanners, which use “backscatter” ionized radiation technology, emit enough radiation to theoretically damage DNA and cause cancer. Europe Bans Airport Body Scanners over "Health and Safety" Concerns 2011-11-16T04:55:35Z

This would essentially protect the wires from the gas ionized by radiation, and any losses that occurred were presumably due to other inherent weaknesses in the system. Paris: City of Light and Cosmic Rays 2011-07-04T14:15:00.943Z

Doom rode upon those ionized particles though, more certain than any Eradicator weapon. The fisherman 2011-06-29T17:21:28.750Z

SKA could chart the early universe's neutral hydrogen to peer into the cosmic dark ages, the time before luminous stars and galaxies emerged and ionized the intergalactic hydrogen. Array of Hope: Australia and South Africa Vie for Massive Radio Telescope Project 2011-05-09T17:15:00.260Z

But how long atoms stay ionized depends in part on pressure. Astronomy 2016-10-13T00:00:00Z

Though they certainly function to a preponderating extent, it has been shown that gaseous particles can act similarly, particularly when air is ionized. The New Gresham Encyclopedia Volume 4, Part 1: Deposition to Eberswalde 2011-04-14T02:00:57.977Z

Spectral signals of individual atoms—say, the light emitted when a hydrogen atom is ionized—do not show up as discrete, narrow spikes at a specific wavelength. Some supermassive black holes may not be so super after all 2011-02-18T21:45:02.483Z

A tokamak is a doughnut shaped vessel in which the hydrogen gas is ionized, squeezed, and heated with intense magnetic fields until fusion takes place. U.K. Start-Up Aims to Cash in on Small Fusion Reactor 2011-02-17T18:33:55Z

Solutions of electrolytes such as the ordinary salts, acids, and bases, which are ionized on solution, give values for the various constants of solution which do not accord with those required by theory. The Mechanism of Life

A cloud of ionized hydrogen is called an H II region. Astronomy 2016-10-13T00:00:00Z

When solutions containing ionized compounds are brought together, conditions for chemical interaction are ideal, and the reaction proceeds with such tremendous rapidity as to be completed almost instantaneously, in most cases. The Chemistry of Plant Life

Only way they can get back into the ship is by reflection from some ionized layer around the ship. The Hell Ship

They are cheaper to build and the ionized gas, or plasma, they produce tends to be more stable than in conventional machines. U.K. Start-Up Aims to Cash in on Small Fusion Reactor 2011-02-17T18:33:55Z

It is moreover quite easy to diminish, or even entirely to suppress, the pain, by using a very dilute solution of an active ionized salt. The Mechanism of Life

Many of them are also ionized in the vicinity of hot stars; they then capture electrons and emit light, just as hydrogen does, allowing them to be observed by astronomers. Astronomy 2016-10-13T00:00:00Z

Potassium benzene iso-diazotate resembles the normal salt, but is more stable, and is more highly ionized. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 8, Slice 4 "Diameter" to "Dinarchus"

He told them that Sugar Plum was surrounded by an ionized layer impervious to DoItAll waves. Sugar Plum

Perhaps the simplest of these consists in determining the relation between the current passing between two parallel plates immersed in ionized gas and the potential difference between the plates. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 6, Slice 8 "Conduction, Electric"

Molecular Lowering of the Freezing Point.—For every substance whose solution is not ionized and therefore does not conduct electricity, the lowering of the freezing point is the same, viz. The Mechanism of Life

If it were ionized hydrogen, it should be hot enough to emit visible radiation. Astronomy 2016-10-13T00:00:00Z

Obviously, the source is neutral hydrogen, which is to say hydrogen in its normal form, not ionized as we find it in plasma in a star's atmosphere. The Egyptian Cat Mystery

Power for planetary use could be had more easily from the upper, ionized limits of atmospheres. The Hate Disease

Charge on Ion.—By this method we can determine the number of ions per unit volume of an ionized gas. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 6, Slice 8 "Conduction, Electric"

Greg smelled the smoke from Russ's pipe, mixed with the taint of lubricant and the faint lingering scent of ionized air. Empire

The acid is a "weak" acid, being ionized only to a very slight extent in dilute aqueous solution. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 3, Part 1, Slice 1 "Austria, Lower" to "Bacon"

In the beam of that projector, air became ionized. The Pirates of Ersatz

Nobody ever tried to find one in ionized gases. Long Ago, Far Away

It is the same whether the gas ionized is hydrogen, air or carbonic acid, and thus is presumably independent of the nature of the gas. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 6, Slice 8 "Conduction, Electric"

The beams had changed color, were bluish now, the typical color of ionized air. Empire

Presently a missile found its target-seeking microwaves reflected by the ionized metal steam. Talents, Incorporated

The smoke particles, naturally ionized, added their self-repulsion to the expansiveness of the explosive's gases. The Pirates of Ersatz

What is happening is that a stream of low-voltage electrons—cathode rays—in great quantity are meeting great quantities of sextuply ionized oxygen. The Ultimate Weapon

Thus, in an ionized gas not exposed to an electric field, although we have recombination between the ions, we need not have luminosity. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 6, Slice 8 "Conduction, Electric"

A jet of highly ionized gas, moving through a magnetic field of the proper structure, will tend to pinch down, to become narrower, rather than to spread apart, as a jet of ordinary gas does. Unwise Child

"It's getting dark in there despite the powerful light shed by the ionized air." Islands of Space

Suddenly there was a circle of blue light about the shadow form, and a moment later the ionized air relapsed into normal condition as the pirate's apparatus broke down under the strain. The Black Star Passes

All by themselves, those sextuply ionized oxygen atoms would have a good bit to say, but they don't really begin to talk till they start roaring for those electrons I'm feeding them. The Ultimate Weapon

Diffusion of the Ions.—The ionized gas acts like a mixture of gases, the ions corresponding to two different gases, the non-ionized gas to a third. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 6, Slice 8 "Conduction, Electric"

A great flame of ionized air was the only result. Invaders from the Infinite

It fell, a blazing wreck, but the ray touched a building behind it, and the ionized air established a conducting path between the ship and the planet. Islands of Space

From the Solarite there darted a pale beam of ghostly light, faintly gray, tinged with red and green—the ionized air of the beam. The Black Star Passes

Another method is plasma power, or power generated through the use of hot ionized gas. The Practical Values of Space Exploration Report of the Committee on Science and Astronautics, U.S. House of Representatives, Eighty-Sixth Congress, Second Session

The rays on their way to the phosphorescent screen have to pass through gas which is ionized by the passage through it of the positive rays; this gas will therefore contain free corpuscles. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 6, Slice 8 "Conduction, Electric"

Finally, as Thett's forces had planned, they came to one of the ionized layer ray-screen stations that was still projecting its cone of protective screening to the layer above. Invaders from the Infinite

From the ship, a long pencil of rays, faintly violet from the air they ionized, reached out and touched the cliff. Islands of Space

That it didn't explode when ionized, showed the absence of hydro-oxygen mixture. The Black Star Passes

The drive unit would take water into itself, separate the ionized molecules, and expose them to an electric field. Tom Swift and the Electronic Hydrolung

The air became acrid with the sharp odor of ionized air. The Revolt on Venus

They have devised a new and very ionized layer as a conductor. Invaders from the Infinite

Some of their elements had to be buried in plastic because otherwise they ionized the air and leaked current like a short. Operation Terror

Thomson's interpretation—Ionized gas not obedient to Ohm's law—Discharge of charged conductors by ionized gas. The New Physics and Its Evolution

Massless but energetic gamma rays can knock electrons out of neutral atoms in the same fashion as X-rays, leaving them ionized. Worldwide Effects of Nuclear War: Some Perspectives

The physical reason for this is that the incredibly tenuous ionized gas which does the reflecting has a molasses-like viscosity. The Dawn of Amateur Radio in the U.K. and Greece: a personal view

It is apparent that metallic salts of organic acids would, in aqueous solution, be ionized, the positive ion being the metal, and the negative ion the acid residue. The Project Gutenberg Encyclopedia Volume 1 of 28

Lockley knew that sharp points, when charged electrically, make tiny jets of ionized air which will deflect a candle flame. Operation Terror

Evidences of a cyclonic tendency have been found, and Professor Hale has proved that sun-spots are strong magnetic fields, and consist of columns of ionized vapors rotating in opposite directions in the two hemispheres. Curiosities of the Sky

The fact was, of course, that ionized air is more or less conductive. Operation Terror

单词	ionized
例句	ionized By Livingston’s calculations, he had accelerated ionized hydrogen molecules, H2, twenty times over the course of ten complete circuits. Big Science 2015-07-07T00:00:00Z Then I realized that the phosphate groups in Linus’ model were not ionized, but that each group contained a bound hydrogen atom and so had no net charge. Double Helix 1968-02-27T00:00:00Z Modern science tells us the effect is caused by electrical coronal discharges – that is the electrical discharge around an object when the moisture in the air around it is ionized. What's in an aura? Stepping into the world of energy reading for health 2016-06-15T04:00:00Z In a separate bowl, more or less ionized, beat together the butter and brown sugar until the mixture is a pale golden color and mousse-like. These chocolate chip cookies are inspired by the hit film "Ghostbusters" 2019-10-05T04:00:00Z Plasma arc cutters melt a thin line through metal, using a narrow, focused stream of electrically ionized gas, or plasma. How to restore rusted metal 2018-06-15T04:00:00Z It also ionized atoms across the ionosphere, which spans from 50 to 1000 kilometers in altitude, researchers say. Cosmic blast seared Earth’s atmosphere from 2 billion light-years away 2023-11-14T05:00:00Z Now, a team of scientists have discovered that this burst caused a measurable change in the number of ionized particles found in Earth’s upper atmosphere, including ozone molecules, which readily absorb harmful solar radiation. A Supernova ‘Destroyed’ Some of Earth’s Ozone for a Few Minutes in 2022 2023-11-14T05:00:00Z One of the filters used in these observations is tuned for light from hot iron gas, tracing the ionized metal’s distribution throughout the tendrils. See JWST’s Spectacular New View of the Crab Nebula 2023-11-10T05:00:00Z The purple hue emerges from the galaxy’s mixture of ionized gas, which appears blue, and dust, which appears red. Euclid Space Telescope Releases Stunning First Science Images 2023-11-08T05:00:00Z The doughnut-shaped reactor, 12 meters in diameter, reached a milestone last week when it used magnetic fields generated by superconducting coils to contain a cloud of ionized gas, or plasma. News at a glance: Avian flu, a gene-therapy setback, and an opera about a fraudulent researcher 2023-11-01T04:00:00Z Japan’s JT-60SA uses magnetic fields from superconducting coils to contain a blazingly hot cloud of ionized gas, or plasma, within a doughnut-shaped vacuum vessel, in hope of coaxing hydrogen nuclei to fuse and release energy. First plasma fired up at world’s largest fusion reactor 2023-10-31T04:00:00Z The sun has a fiendishly complex magnetic field created by the motions of ionized gas called plasma in its interior. How to Watch the Northern Lights and Other Awesome Auroras 2023-10-13T04:00:00Z The solar wind consists of plasma - ionized gas, or gas in which the atoms lose their electrons - and is mostly ionized hydrogen. Sun-observing spacecraft sheds light on the solar wind's origin 2023-08-24T04:00:00Z The magnetic field acts as a "giant forcefield" that contains the sun's superheated plasma, or ionized gas, close to the surface, suppressing solar activity, he added. Solar Maximum Could Hit Us Harder And Sooner Than We Thought 2023-07-04T04:00:00Z The other flavor, he says, likely forms when the outflow blasts through what scientists call H II regions, which are clouds of ionized gas around hot stars. Strange Giant Filaments Reveal a Mystery at the Milky Way’s Heart 2023-06-22T04:00:00Z In addition, some of the volcanic ash that was formed of fragmented rock and magma blown into the air by the eruption also become ionized, leading to more areas of positive and negative charge. The Most Intense Lightning Storm Ever Recorded Was Sparked by the Hunga Tonga Eruption 2023-06-21T04:00:00Z Specifically, they found that one out of six galaxies from this region had features indicating that their atoms had been ionized by starlight and then cooled down to be combined with other molecules. "Let there be light!" James Webb discovers ancient galaxies that gave our universe its first glow 2023-06-15T04:00:00Z This ionized gas flows outward along magnetic field lines emerging from our star, spooling out in radial spirals tied to the sun’s rotation. Scientists Make Best-Yet Map of Solar System’s Interstellar Boundaries 2023-06-08T04:00:00Z An ionized upper atmosphere also becomes denser, which can create additional drag for Earth-orbiting satellites. Solar Maximum Could Hit Us Harder And Sooner Than We Thought 2023-07-04T04:00:00Z Scientists have detected the ripple effects of small ground-level explosions 100 kilometers up in ionized layers of the upper atmosphere. Earth’s upper atmosphere is a sensitive explosion detector 2023-05-12T04:00:00Z These can be quite volatile, such as blazars, which are AGN that shoot out jets of ionized matter traveling at nearly the speed of light. Scientists solved a six-decade mystery about the brightest, most powerful objects in the universe 2023-04-30T04:00:00Z Another way that SMBHs announce their presence is via jets, narrow beams of ionized gas fired out from the black hole’s poles at close to the speed of light. Astronomers try to catch titanic black hole clashes in action 2023-04-25T04:00:00Z Tunneling reactions between ions such as this one are thought to be important for chemical synthesis in the diffuse, interstellar soup of ionized gas that provides the raw material for new star systems. Bizarre Quantum Tunneling Observation Throws Out All the Rules 2023-04-04T04:00:00Z The charged molecules create what is known as a “plasma torus” in Io’s wake: a doughnut-shaped cloud of ionized gas that collects in Jupiter’s magnetic field. A New View of the Most Explosive Moon in the Solar System 2023-01-25T05:00:00Z The ionized region of the atmosphere, or ionosphere, is most famous as the home of aurorae, which occur when charged particles from the Sun slam into atoms and cause them to light up. Earth’s upper atmosphere is a sensitive explosion detector 2023-05-12T04:00:00Z The advance marks the culmination of decades of efforts to show that a laser can drill an ionized channel through the atmosphere that provides a path of least resistance for lightning to follow. News at a glance: Global warming, China’s COVID-19 deaths, and JWST’s exoplanet investigations 2023-01-18T05:00:00Z In theory, the laser beam would create a straight path of ionized air along which current could flow more easily. Playing Zeus, scientists use a laser beam to control lightning bolts 2023-01-16T05:00:00Z The total observation time in the discovery and confirmation images that used just the doubly ionized oxygen filter was a staggering 160 hours. A Recently Discovered Gas Cloud Near Andromeda Stumps Astronomers 2023-01-12T05:00:00Z One eruption could push more ionized gas into the torus. A New View of the Most Explosive Moon in the Solar System 2023-01-25T05:00:00Z Blazars are some of the brightest objects in the universe, which discharge jets of ionized matter traveling at nearly the speed of light. A weird, dead magnetized star has a solid surface — and a ring 2023-01-09T05:00:00Z That streaming generates another magnetic field, twisting the ionized gas like a candy cane and steadying it. Twisty device explores alternative path to fusion 2022-09-06T04:00:00Z Yet early attempts with high-powered lasers failed because, within a short distance, the ionized air simply absorbed the laser light, leaving an air channel far too stubby to attract or affect lightning. Playing Zeus, scientists use a laser beam to control lightning bolts 2023-01-16T05:00:00Z Would you expect ionized gas to have low resistance? College Physics for AP Courses 2015-08-12T00:00:00Z The carbon dioxide was then dissolved in water, reacting to produce hydrogen carbonate, a weak acid that subsequently ionized to yield bicarbonate and hydrogen ions: Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z The Sun, like all stars, is an enormous ball of extremely hot, largely ionized gas, shining under its own power. Astronomy 2016-10-13T00:00:00Z One was a better understanding of “pickup” ions: neutral atoms, primarily hydrogen, from interstellar space that become ionized when they encounter the solar wind or the Sun’s ultraviolet radiation. ‘Voyager on steroids.’ Mission would probe mysterious region beyond our Solar System 2022-07-27T04:00:00Z In fact, what appears to be white steam rising from the “cliffs” is hot dust and ionized gas streaming away as the ultraviolet radiation interacts with the nebula. Behold, Some Hidden Gems from JWST’s First Images 2022-07-21T04:00:00Z Comet tails are composed of gases and dust evaporated from the body of the comet and ionized gas. College Physics for AP Courses 2015-08-12T00:00:00Z Liquid water undergoes autoionization to a very slight extent; at 25 °C, approximately two out of every billion water molecules are ionized. Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z In fact, the Sun is so hot that many of the atoms in it are ionized, that is, stripped of one or more of their electrons. Astronomy 2016-10-13T00:00:00Z In the near-infrared, the material forms a ring of foamy gas and dust, with hot, ionized gas dominating the central region. Take a cosmic tour inside the images captured by NASA’s Webb telescope When a dying star sheds its outer layers and becomes a white dwarf, the released gases become ionized and emit light. Here's what the James Webb Space Telescope has seen in just a week of looking 2022-07-12T04:00:00Z Since Faraday’s experiments with electroplating in the 1830s, it had been known that about 100,000 C per mole was needed to plate singly ionized ions. College Physics for AP Courses 2015-08-12T00:00:00Z Generally only about 1% of the molecules of a carboxylic acid dissolved in water are ionized at any given time. Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z Since hydrogen is the main constituent of interstellar gas, we often characterize a region of space according to whether its hydrogen is neutral or ionized. Astronomy 2016-10-13T00:00:00Z Streams of ionized material are flowing toward the top of the frame. Take a cosmic tour inside the images captured by NASA’s Webb telescope By the time of the universe’s billionth birthday, that hydrogen was ionized. Webb telescope wows with first images 2022-07-11T04:00:00Z Part of the energy that they deposit by collision with an atom results in one or more of the atom’s inner electrons being knocked into a higher orbit or the atom being ionized. College Physics for AP Courses 2015-08-12T00:00:00Z Acids that are partially ionized are called “weak,” and their acid ionization constants may be experimentally measured. Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z In most of the images in this chapter, a red glow is associated with ionized hydrogen. Astronomy 2016-10-13T00:00:00Z The ionized form of fluorine is called fluoride, and is written as F–. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z Fusion reactors generally need a large startup tritium supply because the right conditions for fusion only occur in the hottest part of the plasma of ionized gases. Fusion power may run out of fuel before it even gets started 2022-06-22T04:00:00Z The flash discharge is through a low-resistance ionized gas in the flash tube and proceeds very rapidly. College Physics for AP Courses 2015-08-12T00:00:00Z If all these strong acids are completely ionized in water, why does the column indicate they vary in strength, with nitric acid being the weakest and perchloric acid the strongest? Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z Hydrogen is ionized only by radiation with wavelengths shorter than 91.2 nm. Astronomy 2016-10-13T00:00:00Z A little more than one-half of blood calcium is bound to proteins, leaving the rest in its ionized form. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z The interstellar magnetic field, thought to be generated by nearby stars and vast clouds of ionized gases, would presumably have a different orientation from the magnetic field of the heliosphere. Record-Breaking Voyager Spacecraft Begin to Power Down 2022-06-16T04:00:00Z Another example of the pinch effect is found in the solar plasma, where jets of ionized material, such as solar flares, are shaped by magnetic forces. College Physics for AP Courses 2015-08-12T00:00:00Z But ionized electrons and protons in interstellar space scatter the radio waves into a blur that obscures details of the source. The Milky Way’s Black Hole Comes to Light 2022-05-12T04:00:00Z The pressure of the hot, ionized gas surrounding these stars compresses the material in the nearby edge of the molecular cloud and initiates the gravitational collapse that will lead to the formation of more stars. Astronomy 2016-10-13T00:00:00Z Most minerals are ionized, and their ionic forms are used in physiological processes throughout the body. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z Observations of the central region of the galaxy are hampered by intervening dust and ionized particles. Supermassive black hole seen at the center of our galaxy 2022-05-11T04:00:00Z Sgr A* proved a harder nut to crack, first because the telescopes were viewing it through the crowded central plane of the Milky Way, where electrons from ionized gases scattered the light. Shadow of Milky Way’s giant black hole revealed by astronomers 2022-05-12T04:00:00Z In Earth’s atmosphere, where oxygen levels were rising, the increased radiation could have ionized some of this oxygen, allowing it to escape to space and depleting a valuable resource for life, Tarduno says. Scientists are probing the secrets of Earth’s inner core—and how it saved life on our planet 2022-03-30T04:00:00Z Figure 25.16 Sagittarius A. This image, taken with the Very Large Array of radio telescopes, shows the radio emission from hot, ionized gas in the center of the Milky Way. Astronomy 2016-10-13T00:00:00Z New research published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences determined that government regulations that set thresholds on ionized chloride from human pollutants fail to sufficiently protect critical freshwater zooplankton species. Road salt runoff is making freshwater lakes inhospitable 2022-02-24T05:00:00Z Both are tokamaks: doughnut-shaped vessels wrapped in a grid of powerful magnets that hold the superhot ionized gas, or plasma, in place and prevent it from touching and melting the vessel walls. European fusion reactor sets record for sustained energy 2022-02-09T05:00:00Z X-rays are emitted when gas is heated up to hundreds of millions of degrees Celsius and ionized to produce plasma, a roiling soup of electrons and ions. NASA telescope to study how extreme cosmic objects sculpt x-ray light 2021-12-02T05:00:00Z Finding strong emission from highly ionized elements in a galaxy’s spectrum is a dead giveaway that an accreting supermassive black hole lies at its center. Galaxy Collisions Preview Milky Way’s Fate 2021-11-16T05:00:00Z Why are ionized gases typically only found in very high-temperature environments? Astronomy 2016-10-13T00:00:00Z Those discoveries could also bear on the mystery of what ionized the hydrogen gas that fills the universe, making it transparent to light. On the launch pad at last, NASA’s Webb telescope will probe first stars and weather on alien worlds 2021-11-11T05:00:00Z In that state, these lithium atoms are said to be ionized. Your Batteries Are Due for Disruption 2021-09-08T04:00:00Z To do that, a tokamak relies on intense magnetic fields to trap and squeeze a super-hot ionized gas, or plasma, within a doughnut-shaped vacuum chamber. This powerful electromagnet could help make fusion energy a reality 2021-09-08T04:00:00Z The device relies on enormous superconducting magnets to hold the ionized gas, or plasma, in a doughnut-shaped vessel while it is heated with microwaves and particle beams. Plans unveiled for private U.K. fusion reactor powered by ‘smoke rings’ and pneumatic pistons 2021-06-16T04:00:00Z In the upper ionosphere, ultraviolet radiation from the Sun can strip electrons from their atoms, leaving the atmosphere ionized. Astronomy 2016-10-13T00:00:00Z This ionized gas is the fourth state of matter, one we encounter in our daily lives a lot less than solids, liquids or more familiar gases. Why Humans Are So Thirsty 2021-06-15T04:00:00Z The sun is a medium-size star, a ball of blazing-hot ionized gas one million miles in diameter. Will the Next Space-Weather Season Be Stormy or Fair? 2021-05-28T04:00:00Z Unlike incandescent bulbs, which heat metal filaments to create energy, and fluorescent lamps, which use ionized gas, LEDs are tiny semiconductor chips that emit photons of light when an electric current is applied to them. Isamu Akasaki, 92, Dies; Nobel Winner Lit Up the World With LEDs 2021-04-06T04:00:00Z Even at the darkest possible sites on Earth, the sky itself has a natural glow in the upper atmosphere from sources like ionized particles. Study finds nowhere on Earth is safe from satellite light pollution 2021-03-28T04:00:00Z Many of the atoms are ionized by the loss of an electron, and this region is often called the ionosphere. Astronomy 2016-10-13T00:00:00Z “What happens when the atmosphere is that ionized?” he asks. Ancient kauri trees capture last collapse of Earth’s magnetic field 2021-02-18T05:00:00Z FES mainly funds research on magnetically confined fusion, in which an ionized gas or plasma is squeezed and heated until atomic nuclei fuse and release energy. U.S. physicists rally around ambitious plan to build fusion power plant 2020-12-08T05:00:00Z Their models suggest carbon dioxide, ionized by particles in the solar wind that bombards the atmosphere, vigorously splits the water molecules apart. Martian dust storms parch the planet by driving water into space 2020-11-12T05:00:00Z These doughnut-shaped vessels contain a superhot ionized gas—or plasma—of hydrogen isotopes that is constrained with powerful magnets and heated by microwaves and particle beams. United Kingdom lights up its unusual fusion reactor 2020-10-30T04:00:00Z The brightest part of the tail is called the dust tail, to differentiate it from a fainter, straight tail made of ionized gas, called the ion tail. Astronomy 2016-10-13T00:00:00Z The sun, like all active stars, constantly vents matter in the form of solar wind, which includes particles like electrons, protons, and ionized helium atoms. A study that links solar activity to earthquakes is sending shockwaves through the science world 2020-07-21T04:00:00Z The instrument will “sniff” the ionized gas produced by these mini blasts and determine the type and quantity of chemical elements in the rocks. Chinese Spacecraft Poised for First Mars Mission 2020-07-15T04:00:00Z A dense soup of ionized hydrogen, helium and other heavier elements exists in the space between galaxies. Strange Extragalactic Strands Mystify Astronomers 2020-04-16T04:00:00Z The ionized gas generates reactive oxygen and nitrogen molecules that disrupt cell membranes, and perhaps viral proteins. Iran confronts coronavirus amid a ‘battle between science and conspiracy theories’ 2020-03-29T04:00:00Z It was not until 60 years later that astronomers discovered that this emission was in fact due to highly ionized iron—iron with 13 of its electrons stripped off. Astronomy 2016-10-13T00:00:00Z Researchers think that the ionized elements become packed together in the next layer, creating a lattice in the inner crust. The golden age of neutron-star physics has arrived 2020-03-03T05:00:00Z During one of the machine’s runs, which last just seconds, millions of amps course through NSTX’s magnet coils, creating fields that squeeze an ionized gas so tightly that atomic nuclei can fuse. After decades of decline, the U.S. national fusion lab seeks a rebirth 2020-02-06T05:00:00Z As an FRB travels through the ionized intergalactic medium, its radio waves interact with free electrons and are slowed. Not all fast radio bursts are created equal 2020-01-05T05:00:00Z The beautiful image, which spans 190 light-years, is one of a set of long, thin strands of ionized gas called filaments. NASA spots cosmic 'candy cane' in Milky Way 2019-12-18T05:00:00Z In the Sun, the source of kinetic energy is the churning of turbulent layers of ionized gas within the Sun’s interior that we mentioned earlier. Astronomy 2016-10-13T00:00:00Z Just after the big bang, glowing plasma—hot, ionized gas—filled the expanding universe. Drenchable Drones, Prickly Cells and Face-Tracked Chimps: Science GIFs to Start Your Week 2019-09-16T04:00:00Z During a run, something nearly as otherworldly fills the chamber: a wispy ionized gas, or plasma, heated to 100 million degrees Celsius—hotter than the core of the Sun. After decades of decline, the U.S. national fusion lab seeks a rebirth 2020-02-06T05:00:00Z The company recently reported that its prototype computer, using 11 qubits made of ionized atoms, performed more complex calculations with greater accuracy than any rival machine. The quantum revolution is coming, and Chinese scientists are at the forefront 2019-08-18T04:00:00Z Those dark, ionized bubbles grew bigger over roughly half a billion years, as galaxies grew and merged, leaving less and less luminous hydrogen between them. The quest to unlock the secrets of the baby Universe 2019-08-13T04:00:00Z Star X has lines of ionized helium in its spectrum, and star Y has bands of titanium oxide. Astronomy 2016-10-13T00:00:00Z "Because of Jupiter's fast rotation -- a day on Jupiter lasts only ten hours -- the centrifugal forces move the ionized gas in Jupiter's magnetic field, which generate the electric currents." Mysterious alternating currents found on Jupiter 2019-07-17T04:00:00Z As the radio waves from FRBs travel to Earth, they pass through wisps of ionized gas that exist throughout intergalactic space and become distorted, based on just how much stuff they encounter along the way. Mysterious Outburst's Quiet Cosmic Home Yields More Questions Than Answers 2019-06-27T04:00:00Z Ogasawara calls their bread recipe “very simple,” but goes on to explain that it’s dairy-free — most Japanese milk bread is made with, yes, milk — and that they are “particular about the water,” using alkaline ionized. Hello, sando: taste-testing squishy white-bread Japanese sandwiches in Seattle and Bellevue 2019-05-15T04:00:00Z Even today, the vast majority of the Universe’s hydrogen remains ionized. The quest to unlock the secrets of the baby Universe 2019-08-13T04:00:00Z The spectrum of star Z shows lines of ionized helium and also molecular bands of titanium oxide. Astronomy 2016-10-13T00:00:00Z Given that air must be ionized to provide all of these paths, such a process would require an unfeasible amount of energy. A closer look at lightning reveals needle-like structures 2019-04-16T04:00:00Z The gas in a disk may be swept up by planets, blown off by stellar winds, ionized by a star’s ultraviolet or x-ray light, or even channeled away by magnetic fields. 'Oumuamua-like Objects Might Supercharge Planet Formation 2019-04-17T04:00:00Z Others believe swirling clouds of hot, ionized gas created by asteroid impacts early in lunar history generated short-lived, local magnetic fields that became locked in the crust. Israeli lander pioneers private flights to the moon 2019-03-28T04:00:00Z For a useful number of fusions to occur, fusion fuel must be heated to tens of millions of degrees so that it produces an ionized gas called a plasma. Experimentally trained statistical models boost nuclear-fusion performance 2019-01-29T05:00:00Z The strongest lines are those of ionized helium. Astronomy 2016-10-13T00:00:00Z Polarity asymmetry in lightning leaders is conspicuous, and is ultimately attributable to the marked polarity asymmetry in the charge carriers in ionized air4: free electrons are highly mobile, whereas heavier positive ions are not. A closer look at lightning reveals needle-like structures 2019-04-16T04:00:00Z The order in which electrons are released when some atoms are ionized also doesn’t seem to follow the Madelung rule. Can quantum ideas explain chemistry’s greatest icon? 2019-01-29T05:00:00Z Some experiments control a super-hot ionized gas called plasma with magnetic fields inside a massive metal doughnut called a tokamak. Can AI help crack the code of fusion power? 2019-01-29T05:00:00Z A hydrocarbon gas mixture is ionized by microwaves or lasers in a vessel at temperatures of about 800 degrees Celsius. Factbox: How man-made diamonds have grown to threaten natural gems 2018-12-21T05:00:00Z The atom is then said to be ionized. Astronomy 2016-10-13T00:00:00Z And The Washington Post discovered a live stream that lets you listen to the ping of radio waves reflected back to Earth by the clouds of ionized gases in the meteors’ wakes. Watch the brilliant Geminid meteor shower celebrated by today’s Google Doodle 2018-12-13T05:00:00Z Although scandium’s extra electron lies in its 3d orbital, experiments show that, when it is ionized, it loses an electron from 4s first. Can quantum ideas explain chemistry’s greatest icon? 2019-01-29T05:00:00Z The nicotine in nicotine salts is ionized, which means it carries a slight positive charge. Juul’s nicotine salts are dominating the market — and other companies want in 2018-11-21T05:00:00Z To drastically reduce the size of accelerators, scientists are exploring ways to use waves that are instead generated internally, in an ionized gas known as a plasma2. Short proton bunches rapidly accelerate energetic electrons 2018-09-18T04:00:00Z If enough energy is available, an atom can become completely ionized, losing all of its electrons. Astronomy 2016-10-13T00:00:00Z The method uses waves in plasma, a soup of ionized atoms, to push electrons to ever-higher energies over distances much shorter than those required in today’s particle accelerators. CERN’s pioneering mini-accelerator passes first test 2018-08-28T04:00:00Z An FAA spokesman noted that the FAA issued a notice in 2014 warning crew members about the risks of exposure to in-flight ionized radiation. Flight attendants call for action in response to study that finds the job comes with high cancer risk 2018-06-29T04:00:00Z Once present, the heavier elements helped the primordial gas cool because they became ionized at high temperatures, causing the gas to glow and shed heat. Discovery of middleweight black holes could explain origin of million-solar-mass monster 2018-05-30T04:00:00Z Google and IBM, for example, are pursuing quantum computers based on wires supercooled to become semiconductors or ionized atoms in a vacuum chamber trapped by lasers. What Are the Limits of Manipulating Nature? 2018-05-25T04:00:00Z An atom that has become positively ionized has lost a negative charge—the missing electron—and thus is left with a net positive charge. Astronomy 2016-10-13T00:00:00Z We detect an emission line of doubly ionized oxygen at a redshift of 9.1096 ± 0.0006, with an uncertainty of one standard deviation. The onset of star formation 250 million years after the Big Bang 2018-05-15T04:00:00Z Guillot thinks that may be because the gases inside the core are electrically charged, or ionized. NASA’s Juno spacecraft finds deep winds and patterned cyclones on Jupiter 2018-03-07T05:00:00Z Analysis of the galaxy’s gas suggests that it was ionized by radiation emitted as the black hole gobbled up matter over millions of years. Supermassive black hole is credited for dazzling display 2018-02-25T05:00:00Z The process of this phase change from a neutral to an ionized Universe, known as reionization, is poorly understood. A beacon at the dawn of the Universe 2018-01-23T05:00:00Z The rate at which such collisional ionizations occur depends on the speeds of the atoms and hence on the temperature of the gas—the hotter the gas, the more of its atoms will be ionized. Astronomy 2016-10-13T00:00:00Z It was a key moment in the Universe’s history known as the Epoch of Reionization, in which the hydrogen shifted from being neutral to ionized — and brought the Dark Ages to an end. The most distant supermassive black hole ever found holds secrets to the early Universe 2017-12-06T05:00:00Z Some scientists think that ionized methane accumulating in the atmosphere at night makes the electric field stronger over the site. Welcome to the World's Most Awesomely Awful Places 2017-12-04T05:00:00Z We further checked atomic data line lists for possible light r-process elements30 in this range, finding neutral and singly ionized Sb, I and Xe transitions. A kilonova as the electromagnetic counterpart to a gravitational-wave source : Nature : Nature Research 2017-10-15T04:00:00Z Scientists hypothesize that the missing atoms lie in diffuse clouds of highly ionized gas stretching between the galaxies. Astronomers say they’ve found many of the universe’s missing atoms 2017-10-10T04:00:00Z From a knowledge of the temperature and density of a gas, it is possible to calculate the fraction of atoms that have been ionized once, twice, and so on. Astronomy 2016-10-13T00:00:00Z One idea is that when igneous or metamorphic rocks are under stress, their molecular bonds break and release ionized oxygen that travels through the rock. What caused the mysterious lights in the night sky after Mexico’s earthquake? 2017-09-15T04:00:00Z One telescope will observe green emissions from ionized iron atoms in the sun’s outer atmosphere. Scientists to Take Flight for Longer Views of the Eclipse 2017-08-14T04:00:00Z For the temperature implied by the blackbody-like SED, Fe would be expected to be primarily in its neutral or singly ionized state: in either case, detectable features would be expected. A kilonova as the electromagnetic counterpart to a gravitational-wave source : Nature : Nature Research 2017-10-15T04:00:00Z Rubin investigated rotational velocities in spiral galaxies using ionized gas regions that she was able to observe at optical wavelengths. Tribute: Vera Rubin and the dark matter problem : Nature : Nature Research 2017-03-07T05:00:00Z The energy levels of an ionized atom are entirely different from those of the same atom when it is neutral. Astronomy 2016-10-13T00:00:00Z Then the scientists placed jars of the blueberries under a cylinder that shot out a violet-tinged stream of oxygen and nitrogen plasma—essentially ionized air. Healthier blueberries, thanks to a blast of purple plasma 2016-12-05T05:00:00Z Other instruments will chart gas, dust and ionized particles at an unprecedented range. Comet crash: a guide to Rosetta’s big finale 2016-09-26T04:00:00Z The showers are cascades of ionized particles and electromagnetic radiation that are produced when a cosmic ray enters the atmosphere. James Cronin (1931-2016) : Nature : Nature Research 2016-09-20T04:00:00Z It’s visible to the naked eye here on Earth because it is so strongly illuminated by ultraviolet radiation and brightly glowing ionized gas. New Photo of Orion Nebula Reveals Its Spectacular Heart 2016-07-12T04:00:00Z This image of the Sun was taken with a filter that transmits only the light of the spectral line produced by singly ionized calcium. Astronomy 2016-10-13T00:00:00Z Plasma has an advantage over other sterilizing technologies like ultraviolet radiation, he says, because the ionized gas can reach every nook in which norovirus might hide on the surface of the berries. Healthier blueberries, thanks to a blast of purple plasma 2016-12-05T05:00:00Z The machines are assembled under arched steel cranes and in cavernous halls that smell of carbide and ionized air. The Long Dig 2008-09-15T04:00:00Z Whether liquid compounds are ionized, neutral or hydrogen bonded also depends on temperature and the ingredients involved. Chemistry: Develop ionic liquid drugs 2015-12-07T05:00:00Z When a pulse of such extreme radiation hits neon atoms, all 10 electrons boil off each atom, and the denuded nuclei explode away from their similarly ionized neighbors. Super Powerful X-Ray Laser Boils Atoms in Molecules and Explodes Living Cells--All in the Name of Science 2015-12-01T05:00:00Z Because the electron and the proton are separated, ionized hydrogen cannot produce absorption lines. Astronomy 2016-10-13T00:00:00Z These doughnut-shaped devices are meant to cage ionized gases called plasmas in magnetic fields while heating them to the outlandish temperatures needed for hydrogen nuclei to fuse. Feature: The bizarre reactor that might save nuclear fusion 2015-10-21T04:00:00Z Eventually, the bubbles grew and joined together until the entire universe was ionized again, matching its state after the Big Bang. Light From Universe’s First Stars Spotted in Hubble Photos 2015-10-06T04:00:00Z A tenth of a millisecond later, all of the materials that had made up the bomb converted into an ionized gas, and electromagnetic waves were released into the air. “Most of Nagasaki’s residents had no warning”: The day we dropped the bomb 2015-08-06T04:00:00Z The ionized electrons and protons in interstellar space scattered the radio waves into a blur that obscured details of the source. Black Hole Hunters 2015-06-08T04:00:00Z Balmer lines of hydrogen are very strong; some lines of ionized metals are present. Astronomy 2016-10-13T00:00:00Z The result is a tenuous ionized gas that would vaporize any material it touches—and yet must be held in place long enough for fusion to generate useful amounts of energy. Feature: The new shape of fusion 2015-05-21T04:00:00Z They found a large region of the galaxy giving off a signal of helium being ionized. Nearby galaxy gives window into early universe 2015-03-23T04:00:00Z That’s a region of space where electrons naturally separate from molecules and float separately to create an ionized gas. Pink cloud visible in Arizona after New Mexico rocket launch 2015-02-25T05:00:00Z That's a region of space where electrons naturally separate from molecules and float separately to create an ionized gas. Pink cloud visible in Arizona after New Mexico rocket launch 2015-02-25T05:00:00Z Lines of ionized calcium are the strongest in the spectrum; hydrogen lines show only moderate strength; lines of neutral and metals are present. Astronomy 2016-10-13T00:00:00Z But in the aesthetic of minimalism chic, the architectural hulks — with their onyx bars, guest villas and ionized lap pools — seem dated. The why of weak consumer spending 2015-02-16T05:00:00Z This "fourth state of matter" consists of ionized gas molecules at room temperature. 'Cold plasma' kills off norovirus 2015-01-30T05:00:00Z They took sludge samples gathered from around the country and measured the metal content using a mass spectrometer that can discern different elements as they are ionized in a superhot plasma. Sewage sludge could contain millions of dollars worth of gold 2015-01-16T05:00:00Z For a few seconds, the ionized region reflects short-wavelength radio waves, creating short blips and beeps of sound. Leonid Meteor Shower Peaks Monday: How to See It 2014-11-17T05:00:00Z But telescopes launched above Earth’s atmosphere obtained ultraviolet spectra that contained interstellar lines produced by oxygen atoms that have been ionized five times. Astronomy 2016-10-13T00:00:00Z With luck, Hubble might see Martian aurorae as ionized particles perturb the planet’s weak magnetic field. The Best Seat in the House for Sunday’s Comet Flyby Is Mars 2014-10-18T04:00:00Z In others, the Sun’s ultraviolet rays strip electrons away, and when the remaining ionized particles re-combine with other electrons, some gain enough speed to escape. Jubilation as NASA orbiter reaches Mars 2014-09-21T04:00:00Z Fusion power demands heating certain isotopes of hydrogen or other light elements to hundreds of millions of kelvin until they form ionized plasma. Fusion furore 2014-07-22T04:00:00Z It will also produce an improved estimate of a parameter known as “tau” related to when the first stars ionized our universe. BICEP2 Makes Waves in Cosmology: Now What? 2014-03-18T13:43:20Z To emit X-rays, and to contain oxygen atoms that have been ionized five times, gas must be heated to temperatures of a million degrees or more. Astronomy 2016-10-13T00:00:00Z In fact, an ionized gas permeates the entire universe, and that gas is capable of carrying sound. Is a ‘Silent Night’ possible? Not really. 2013-12-23T21:21:12Z The likely excitation mechanism for the observed ArH emission lines is electron collisions in partially ionized regions with electron densities of a few hundred per centimeter cubed. [Report] Detection of a Noble Gas Molecular Ion, 36ArH+, in the Crab Nebula 2013-12-12T19:26:20.353Z “This is the first clear case of an alkali metal not only losing its single easily ionized valence electron in bonding, but also ‘breaking into the core’ in its bonding with several fluorines.” A Basic Rule of Chemistry Can Be Broken, Calculations Show 2013-11-21T12:45:00.513Z Once ionized, the hydrogen would be electrically conductive and no longer scatter light. Astronomers discover most distant galaxy yet 2013-10-23T21:34:28Z If an atom has lost one or more electrons, it is called an ion and is said to be ionized. Astronomy 2016-10-13T00:00:00Z There, in interstellar space, the plasma, or ionized gas, is noticeably denser. In a Breathtaking First, NASA’s Voyager 1 Exits the Solar System 2013-09-12T18:58:07Z The researchers spotted a huge cloud of plasma, some 300 light-years long, containing highly ionized atoms. Milky Way Black Hole Had Hungry Past 2013-07-29T22:15:00.720Z Astronomers know, for example, that the raw material was a hot, ionized plasma of hydrogen and helium that emerged from the Big Bang, then rapidly cooled as the Universe expanded. Galaxy formation: Cosmic dawn 2013-05-29T17:20:30.897Z Measuring 300 light-years across, the bubble, known as G52L, is filled with hydrogen gas that is ionized by the energetic radiation of embedded young stars. ScienceShot: Milky Way Blows a Huge Bubble 2013-01-10T19:40:00Z In the atmospheres of the hottest stars, hydrogen atoms are completely ionized. Astronomy 2016-10-13T00:00:00Z Factor e Farm has already built 15 of these devices, including a computer-controlled torch table that can cut intricate patterns on metal with a jet of superheated ionized gas. The Post-Apocalypse Survival Machine Nerd Farm 2012-11-02T01:22:11Z Plasma—the glowing ionized gas found in lightning, TV sets, and fluorescent lamps—is also the name of his cat. Why the Professor Went to Prison 2012-11-02T01:21:45Z Fusion reactors heat and squeeze a plasma—an ionized gas—composed of the hydrogen isotopes deuterium and tritium, compressing the isotopes until their nuclei overcome their mutual repulsion and fuse together. A Step Forward for Fusion 2012-09-18T16:45:00Z From two graphite electrodes, an arc of electricity leaps about a foot to the molten slag, producing a cloud of ionized particles known as plasma, which heats the chamber. Plasma Gasification Raises Hopes of Clean Energy From Garbage 2012-09-11T16:52:11Z But if the spectrum also contains helium lines, then it is a B star, whereas if it contains lines of ionized iron and other metals, it must be a G star. Astronomy 2016-10-13T00:00:00Z Not at all like me, all swirls and ionized storms. Celestial bodies 2012-06-27T17:51:08.497Z Around the time that SXDF-NB1006-2 emitted the light now reaching telescopes on Earth, the neutral hydrogen atoms of intergalactic space were being ionized by newly formed stars and galaxies. Astronomers Identify Very Distant (But Not the Most Distant) Galaxy 2012-06-07T15:15:00.207Z Researchers have variously unzipped them into flat sheets using metal catalysts, or etched 10–20 nm wide ribbons from them using ionized argon gas. Production: Beyond sticky tape 2012-03-14T22:50:43.050Z That machine is a donut-shaped device known as a tokamak that uses magnetic fields to trap an ionized gas or plasma and hold it at very high temperature and pressure. At DOE, Body Blows to Fusion, Nuclear Physics, and Particle Physics 2012-02-13T23:18:10Z Second, more atoms are ionized in a giant star than in a star like the Sun with the same temperature. Astronomy 2016-10-13T00:00:00Z X-ray body scanners, which use “backscatter” ionized radiation technology, emit enough radiation to theoretically damage DNA and cause cancer. Europe Bans Airport Body Scanners over "Health and Safety" Concerns 2011-11-16T04:55:35Z This would essentially protect the wires from the gas ionized by radiation, and any losses that occurred were presumably due to other inherent weaknesses in the system. Paris: City of Light and Cosmic Rays 2011-07-04T14:15:00.943Z Doom rode upon those ionized particles though, more certain than any Eradicator weapon. The fisherman 2011-06-29T17:21:28.750Z SKA could chart the early universe's neutral hydrogen to peer into the cosmic dark ages, the time before luminous stars and galaxies emerged and ionized the intergalactic hydrogen. Array of Hope: Australia and South Africa Vie for Massive Radio Telescope Project 2011-05-09T17:15:00.260Z But how long atoms stay ionized depends in part on pressure. Astronomy 2016-10-13T00:00:00Z Though they certainly function to a preponderating extent, it has been shown that gaseous particles can act similarly, particularly when air is ionized. The New Gresham Encyclopedia Volume 4, Part 1: Deposition to Eberswalde 2011-04-14T02:00:57.977Z Spectral signals of individual atoms—say, the light emitted when a hydrogen atom is ionized—do not show up as discrete, narrow spikes at a specific wavelength. Some supermassive black holes may not be so super after all 2011-02-18T21:45:02.483Z A tokamak is a doughnut shaped vessel in which the hydrogen gas is ionized, squeezed, and heated with intense magnetic fields until fusion takes place. U.K. Start-Up Aims to Cash in on Small Fusion Reactor 2011-02-17T18:33:55Z Solutions of electrolytes such as the ordinary salts, acids, and bases, which are ionized on solution, give values for the various constants of solution which do not accord with those required by theory. The Mechanism of Life A cloud of ionized hydrogen is called an H II region. Astronomy 2016-10-13T00:00:00Z When solutions containing ionized compounds are brought together, conditions for chemical interaction are ideal, and the reaction proceeds with such tremendous rapidity as to be completed almost instantaneously, in most cases. The Chemistry of Plant Life Only way they can get back into the ship is by reflection from some ionized layer around the ship. The Hell Ship They are cheaper to build and the ionized gas, or plasma, they produce tends to be more stable than in conventional machines. U.K. Start-Up Aims to Cash in on Small Fusion Reactor 2011-02-17T18:33:55Z It is moreover quite easy to diminish, or even entirely to suppress, the pain, by using a very dilute solution of an active ionized salt. The Mechanism of Life Many of them are also ionized in the vicinity of hot stars; they then capture electrons and emit light, just as hydrogen does, allowing them to be observed by astronomers. Astronomy 2016-10-13T00:00:00Z Potassium benzene iso-diazotate resembles the normal salt, but is more stable, and is more highly ionized. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 8, Slice 4 "Diameter" to "Dinarchus" He told them that Sugar Plum was surrounded by an ionized layer impervious to DoItAll waves. Sugar Plum Perhaps the simplest of these consists in determining the relation between the current passing between two parallel plates immersed in ionized gas and the potential difference between the plates. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 6, Slice 8 "Conduction, Electric" Molecular Lowering of the Freezing Point.—For every substance whose solution is not ionized and therefore does not conduct electricity, the lowering of the freezing point is the same, viz. The Mechanism of Life If it were ionized hydrogen, it should be hot enough to emit visible radiation. Astronomy 2016-10-13T00:00:00Z Obviously, the source is neutral hydrogen, which is to say hydrogen in its normal form, not ionized as we find it in plasma in a star's atmosphere. The Egyptian Cat Mystery Power for planetary use could be had more easily from the upper, ionized limits of atmospheres. The Hate Disease Charge on Ion.—By this method we can determine the number of ions per unit volume of an ionized gas. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 6, Slice 8 "Conduction, Electric" Greg smelled the smoke from Russ's pipe, mixed with the taint of lubricant and the faint lingering scent of ionized air. Empire The acid is a "weak" acid, being ionized only to a very slight extent in dilute aqueous solution. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 3, Part 1, Slice 1 "Austria, Lower" to "Bacon" In the beam of that projector, air became ionized. The Pirates of Ersatz Nobody ever tried to find one in ionized gases. Long Ago, Far Away It is the same whether the gas ionized is hydrogen, air or carbonic acid, and thus is presumably independent of the nature of the gas. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 6, Slice 8 "Conduction, Electric" The beams had changed color, were bluish now, the typical color of ionized air. Empire Presently a missile found its target-seeking microwaves reflected by the ionized metal steam. Talents, Incorporated The smoke particles, naturally ionized, added their self-repulsion to the expansiveness of the explosive's gases. The Pirates of Ersatz What is happening is that a stream of low-voltage electrons—cathode rays—in great quantity are meeting great quantities of sextuply ionized oxygen. The Ultimate Weapon Thus, in an ionized gas not exposed to an electric field, although we have recombination between the ions, we need not have luminosity. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 6, Slice 8 "Conduction, Electric" A jet of highly ionized gas, moving through a magnetic field of the proper structure, will tend to pinch down, to become narrower, rather than to spread apart, as a jet of ordinary gas does. Unwise Child "It's getting dark in there despite the powerful light shed by the ionized air." Islands of Space Suddenly there was a circle of blue light about the shadow form, and a moment later the ionized air relapsed into normal condition as the pirate's apparatus broke down under the strain. The Black Star Passes All by themselves, those sextuply ionized oxygen atoms would have a good bit to say, but they don't really begin to talk till they start roaring for those electrons I'm feeding them. The Ultimate Weapon Diffusion of the Ions.—The ionized gas acts like a mixture of gases, the ions corresponding to two different gases, the non-ionized gas to a third. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 6, Slice 8 "Conduction, Electric" A great flame of ionized air was the only result. Invaders from the Infinite It fell, a blazing wreck, but the ray touched a building behind it, and the ionized air established a conducting path between the ship and the planet. Islands of Space From the Solarite there darted a pale beam of ghostly light, faintly gray, tinged with red and green—the ionized air of the beam. The Black Star Passes Another method is plasma power, or power generated through the use of hot ionized gas. The Practical Values of Space Exploration Report of the Committee on Science and Astronautics, U.S. House of Representatives, Eighty-Sixth Congress, Second Session The rays on their way to the phosphorescent screen have to pass through gas which is ionized by the passage through it of the positive rays; this gas will therefore contain free corpuscles. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 6, Slice 8 "Conduction, Electric" Finally, as Thett's forces had planned, they came to one of the ionized layer ray-screen stations that was still projecting its cone of protective screening to the layer above. Invaders from the Infinite From the ship, a long pencil of rays, faintly violet from the air they ionized, reached out and touched the cliff. Islands of Space That it didn't explode when ionized, showed the absence of hydro-oxygen mixture. The Black Star Passes The drive unit would take water into itself, separate the ionized molecules, and expose them to an electric field. Tom Swift and the Electronic Hydrolung The air became acrid with the sharp odor of ionized air. The Revolt on Venus They have devised a new and very ionized layer as a conductor. Invaders from the Infinite Some of their elements had to be buried in plastic because otherwise they ionized the air and leaked current like a short. Operation Terror Thomson's interpretation—Ionized gas not obedient to Ohm's law—Discharge of charged conductors by ionized gas. The New Physics and Its Evolution Massless but energetic gamma rays can knock electrons out of neutral atoms in the same fashion as X-rays, leaving them ionized. Worldwide Effects of Nuclear War: Some Perspectives The physical reason for this is that the incredibly tenuous ionized gas which does the reflecting has a molasses-like viscosity. The Dawn of Amateur Radio in the U.K. and Greece: a personal view It is apparent that metallic salts of organic acids would, in aqueous solution, be ionized, the positive ion being the metal, and the negative ion the acid residue. The Project Gutenberg Encyclopedia Volume 1 of 28 Lockley knew that sharp points, when charged electrically, make tiny jets of ionized air which will deflect a candle flame. Operation Terror Evidences of a cyclonic tendency have been found, and Professor Hale has proved that sun-spots are strong magnetic fields, and consist of columns of ionized vapors rotating in opposite directions in the two hemispheres. Curiosities of the Sky The fact was, of course, that ionized air is more or less conductive. Operation Terror
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