| 单词 | ionize |
| 例句 | By Livingston’s calculations, he had accelerated ionized hydrogen molecules, H2, twenty times over the course of ten complete circuits. Big Science 2015-07-07T00:00:00Z Under the impact of ionizing radiation some rearrangement of atoms could easily occur, changing the nature of the chemicals in a way that is not only unpredictable but beyond control. Silent Spring 1962-09-27T00:00:00Z Such materials, present as contaminants in water that also contains chemicals, may actually change the nature of the chemicals by the impact of ionizing radiation, rearranging their atoms in unpredictable ways to create new chemicals. Silent Spring 1962-09-27T00:00:00Z Then I realized that the phosphate groups in Linus’ model were not ionized, but that each group contained a bound hydrogen atom and so had no net charge. Double Helix 1968-02-27T00:00:00Z Plasma arc cutters melt a thin line through metal, using a narrow, focused stream of electrically ionized gas, or plasma. How to restore rusted metal 2018-06-15T04:00:00Z Elsewhere, bacteria were identified that readily survived desiccation, ionizing radiation, and freezing. Sputnik’s spawn: How the Cold War created astrobiology 2014-03-09T17:30:00Z A medical and scientific team will monitor Mr. Blaine’s mental state and ventilate the potentially harmful ozone and nitrogen dioxide created when electricity ionizes air. Million Volts for David Blaine in ‘Electrified’ Endurance Test 2012-10-01T19:11:03Z In a separate bowl, more or less ionized, beat together the butter and brown sugar until the mixture is a pale golden color and mousse-like. These chocolate chip cookies are inspired by the hit film "Ghostbusters" 2019-10-05T04:00:00Z Modern science tells us the effect is caused by electrical coronal discharges – that is the electrical discharge around an object when the moisture in the air around it is ionized. What's in an aura? Stepping into the world of energy reading for health 2016-06-15T04:00:00Z It also ionized atoms across the ionosphere, which spans from 50 to 1000 kilometers in altitude, researchers say. Cosmic blast seared Earth’s atmosphere from 2 billion light-years away 2023-11-14T05:00:00Z Now, a team of scientists have discovered that this burst caused a measurable change in the number of ionized particles found in Earth’s upper atmosphere, including ozone molecules, which readily absorb harmful solar radiation. A Supernova ‘Destroyed’ Some of Earth’s Ozone for a Few Minutes in 2022 2023-11-14T05:00:00Z One of the filters used in these observations is tuned for light from hot iron gas, tracing the ionized metal’s distribution throughout the tendrils. See JWST’s Spectacular New View of the Crab Nebula 2023-11-10T05:00:00Z The purple hue emerges from the galaxy’s mixture of ionized gas, which appears blue, and dust, which appears red. Euclid Space Telescope Releases Stunning First Science Images 2023-11-08T05:00:00Z The doughnut-shaped reactor, 12 meters in diameter, reached a milestone last week when it used magnetic fields generated by superconducting coils to contain a cloud of ionized gas, or plasma. News at a glance: Avian flu, a gene-therapy setback, and an opera about a fraudulent researcher 2023-11-01T04:00:00Z The observation showed that the burst’s photons were reaching down to just 60 kilometers above the surface and ionizing more molecules in the air, creating a better reflector. Cosmic blast seared Earth’s atmosphere from 2 billion light-years away 2023-11-14T05:00:00Z Japan’s JT-60SA uses magnetic fields from superconducting coils to contain a blazingly hot cloud of ionized gas, or plasma, within a doughnut-shaped vacuum vessel, in hope of coaxing hydrogen nuclei to fuse and release energy. First plasma fired up at world’s largest fusion reactor 2023-10-31T04:00:00Z The sun has a fiendishly complex magnetic field created by the motions of ionized gas called plasma in its interior. How to Watch the Northern Lights and Other Awesome Auroras 2023-10-13T04:00:00Z The solar wind consists of plasma - ionized gas, or gas in which the atoms lose their electrons - and is mostly ionized hydrogen. Sun-observing spacecraft sheds light on the solar wind's origin 2023-08-24T04:00:00Z The catastrophic beauty of a dying star reaches its farewell crescendo when its crucible core surges with ionizing heat. Ring Nebula revealed: Webb captures the extraordinary beauty of a dying star 2023-08-22T04:00:00Z But if a solar storm does hit, it can ionize Earth's upper atmosphere and fuel radio and satellite blackouts. Solar Maximum Could Hit Us Harder And Sooner Than We Thought 2023-07-04T04:00:00Z The male mosquitos are then sterilized by being exposed to ionizing radiation at the International Atomic Energy Agency headquarters in Vienna. Cyprus battles disease-carrying mosquitoes by breeding them with irradiated, sterilized ones 2023-06-28T04:00:00Z But human skin partly blocks ionizing radiation, Richmond says. Is Fukushima Wastewater Release Safe? What the Science Says 2023-06-23T04:00:00Z The other flavor, he says, likely forms when the outflow blasts through what scientists call H II regions, which are clouds of ionized gas around hot stars. Strange Giant Filaments Reveal a Mystery at the Milky Way’s Heart 2023-06-22T04:00:00Z In addition, some of the volcanic ash that was formed of fragmented rock and magma blown into the air by the eruption also become ionized, leading to more areas of positive and negative charge. The Most Intense Lightning Storm Ever Recorded Was Sparked by the Hunga Tonga Eruption 2023-06-21T04:00:00Z The magnetic field acts as a "giant forcefield" that contains the sun's superheated plasma, or ionized gas, close to the surface, suppressing solar activity, he added. Solar Maximum Could Hit Us Harder And Sooner Than We Thought 2023-07-04T04:00:00Z Specifically, they found that one out of six galaxies from this region had features indicating that their atoms had been ionized by starlight and then cooled down to be combined with other molecules. "Let there be light!" James Webb discovers ancient galaxies that gave our universe its first glow 2023-06-15T04:00:00Z This ionized gas flows outward along magnetic field lines emerging from our star, spooling out in radial spirals tied to the sun’s rotation. Scientists Make Best-Yet Map of Solar System’s Interstellar Boundaries 2023-06-08T04:00:00Z Scientists have detected the ripple effects of small ground-level explosions 100 kilometers up in ionized layers of the upper atmosphere. Earth’s upper atmosphere is a sensitive explosion detector 2023-05-12T04:00:00Z These can be quite volatile, such as blazars, which are AGN that shoot out jets of ionized matter traveling at nearly the speed of light. Scientists solved a six-decade mystery about the brightest, most powerful objects in the universe 2023-04-30T04:00:00Z An ionized upper atmosphere also becomes denser, which can create additional drag for Earth-orbiting satellites. Solar Maximum Could Hit Us Harder And Sooner Than We Thought 2023-07-04T04:00:00Z Another way that SMBHs announce their presence is via jets, narrow beams of ionized gas fired out from the black hole’s poles at close to the speed of light. Astronomers try to catch titanic black hole clashes in action 2023-04-25T04:00:00Z "They are sterilized through ionizing energy and those sterile males are freed into the fields and when they meet with a wild female, their offspring are not viable," said Garcia Alba. Argentina battles major dengue outbreak with atomic radiation 2023-04-17T04:00:00Z The ionized region of the atmosphere, or ionosphere, is most famous as the home of aurorae, which occur when charged particles from the Sun slam into atoms and cause them to light up. Earth’s upper atmosphere is a sensitive explosion detector 2023-05-12T04:00:00Z Tunneling reactions between ions such as this one are thought to be important for chemical synthesis in the diffuse, interstellar soup of ionized gas that provides the raw material for new star systems. Bizarre Quantum Tunneling Observation Throws Out All the Rules 2023-04-04T04:00:00Z “If one human absorbs a bit of ionizing radiation, then this bit of radiation is no longer available to affect another human,” he wrote in an email. NOT REAL NEWS: A look at what didn’t happen this week 2023-03-17T04:00:00Z Away from the Earth's electromagnetic field, ionizing radiation is everywhere, which can not only cause cancer, but also bleeding gums, one's hair falling out, brain damage and reduced immunity. Why humans may not be able to live on Mars without horrific health consequences 2023-02-07T05:00:00Z The charged molecules create what is known as a “plasma torus” in Io’s wake: a doughnut-shaped cloud of ionized gas that collects in Jupiter’s magnetic field. A New View of the Most Explosive Moon in the Solar System 2023-01-25T05:00:00Z The advance marks the culmination of decades of efforts to show that a laser can drill an ionized channel through the atmosphere that provides a path of least resistance for lightning to follow. News at a glance: Global warming, China’s COVID-19 deaths, and JWST’s exoplanet investigations 2023-01-18T05:00:00Z In theory, the laser beam would create a straight path of ionized air along which current could flow more easily. Playing Zeus, scientists use a laser beam to control lightning bolts 2023-01-16T05:00:00Z The total observation time in the discovery and confirmation images that used just the doubly ionized oxygen filter was a staggering 160 hours. A Recently Discovered Gas Cloud Near Andromeda Stumps Astronomers 2023-01-12T05:00:00Z Blazars are some of the brightest objects in the universe, which discharge jets of ionized matter traveling at nearly the speed of light. A weird, dead magnetized star has a solid surface — and a ring 2023-01-09T05:00:00Z One eruption could push more ionized gas into the torus. A New View of the Most Explosive Moon in the Solar System 2023-01-25T05:00:00Z But doing so can expose them to harmful ionizing radiation at very close range for long enough to do real damage to their bodies — a fundamental hazard of working around radioactive materials. Why Is Russia Suddenly Talking About ‘Dirty Bombs’? 2022-10-25T04:00:00Z Yet early attempts with high-powered lasers failed because, within a short distance, the ionized air simply absorbed the laser light, leaving an air channel far too stubby to attract or affect lightning. Playing Zeus, scientists use a laser beam to control lightning bolts 2023-01-16T05:00:00Z Gamma rays ionize atoms in this way, so it seems very likely that this blast physically affected out planet’s atmosphere, though only mildly and briefly. The Brightest Gamma-Ray Burst Ever Recorded Rattled Earth’s Atmosphere 2022-10-21T04:00:00Z As a charged particle streaks through the argon, it will ionize some of the atoms, freeing their electrons. Showdown: Two huge neutrino detectors will vie to probe matter’s origins 2022-09-28T04:00:00Z That streaming generates another magnetic field, twisting the ionized gas like a candy cane and steadying it. Twisty device explores alternative path to fusion 2022-09-06T04:00:00Z “The fear of ionizing radiation is a deep-seated and frequently irrational carry-over from the Cold War,” the report said. Why Is Russia Suddenly Talking About ‘Dirty Bombs’? 2022-10-25T04:00:00Z The laser light ionizes some air, which then works like a lens to further focus the light into a long “filament” the width of a hair. Playing Zeus, scientists use a laser beam to control lightning bolts 2023-01-16T05:00:00Z Organic food is also grown without genetically modified organisms or the ionizing irradiation sometimes used for pest control. Four common questions to ask about organic food 2022-08-22T04:00:00Z For example, when a circuit breaker tries to interrupt the flow of high-voltage electricity, a spark can jump across its points that ionizes the air in the gap and allows the current to continue. College Physics for AP Courses 2015-08-12T00:00:00Z The carbon dioxide was then dissolved in water, reacting to produce hydrogen carbonate, a weak acid that subsequently ionized to yield bicarbonate and hydrogen ions: Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z The Sun, like all stars, is an enormous ball of extremely hot, largely ionized gas, shining under its own power. Astronomy 2016-10-13T00:00:00Z One was a better understanding of “pickup” ions: neutral atoms, primarily hydrogen, from interstellar space that become ionized when they encounter the solar wind or the Sun’s ultraviolet radiation. ‘Voyager on steroids.’ Mission would probe mysterious region beyond our Solar System 2022-07-27T04:00:00Z In fact, what appears to be white steam rising from the “cliffs” is hot dust and ionized gas streaming away as the ultraviolet radiation interacts with the nebula. Behold, Some Hidden Gems from JWST’s First Images 2022-07-21T04:00:00Z Since this is a high-voltage discharge, the electron gains sufficient energy to ionize the atom. College Physics for AP Courses 2015-08-12T00:00:00Z The acid ionizes in two stages, yielding hydrogen sulfide ions, HS−, in the first stage and sulfide ions, S2−, in the second. Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z In fact, the Sun is so hot that many of the atoms in it are ionized, that is, stripped of one or more of their electrons. Astronomy 2016-10-13T00:00:00Z In the near-infrared, the material forms a ring of foamy gas and dust, with hot, ionized gas dominating the central region. Take a cosmic tour inside the images captured by NASA’s Webb telescope When a dying star sheds its outer layers and becomes a white dwarf, the released gases become ionized and emit light. Here's what the James Webb Space Telescope has seen in just a week of looking 2022-07-12T04:00:00Z Figure 24.19 Artist’s conception of an electron ionizing an atom followed by the recapture of an electron and emission of an X-ray. College Physics for AP Courses 2015-08-12T00:00:00Z When this radiation encounters living cells, it can cause heating, break chemical bonds, or ionize molecules. Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z Since hydrogen is the main constituent of interstellar gas, we often characterize a region of space according to whether its hydrogen is neutral or ionized. Astronomy 2016-10-13T00:00:00Z Streams of ionized material are flowing toward the top of the frame. Take a cosmic tour inside the images captured by NASA’s Webb telescope In one reaction, water molecules ionize into positively charged H+ and OH− ions and replace mineral cations in the crystal lattice. An Introduction to Geology 2017-01-01T00:00:00Z Would you expect ionized gas to have low resistance? College Physics for AP Courses 2015-08-12T00:00:00Z It is impossible to avoid some exposure to ionizing radiation. Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z In most of the images in this chapter, a red glow is associated with ionized hydrogen. Astronomy 2016-10-13T00:00:00Z By the time of the universe’s billionth birthday, that hydrogen was ionized. Webb telescope wows with first images 2022-07-11T04:00:00Z The ionized form of fluorine is called fluoride, and is written as F–. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z In fact, γ rays are one type of ionizing radiation, as are x rays and UV, because they produce ionization in materials that absorb them. College Physics for AP Courses 2015-08-12T00:00:00Z Liquid water undergoes autoionization to a very slight extent; at 25 °C, approximately two out of every billion water molecules are ionized. Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z Both the hottest white dwarfs and main-sequence O stars have temperatures hotter than 25,000 K. Which type of star can ionize more hydrogen? Astronomy 2016-10-13T00:00:00Z Fusion reactors generally need a large startup tritium supply because the right conditions for fusion only occur in the hottest part of the plasma of ionized gases. Fusion power may run out of fuel before it even gets started 2022-06-22T04:00:00Z Weak acids do not ionize completely; that is, some of their hydrogen ions remain bonded within a compound in solution. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z When cell reproduction is disrupted, the result can be cancer, one of the known effects of exposure to ionizing radiation. College Physics for AP Courses 2015-08-12T00:00:00Z In solutions of the same concentration, stronger acids ionize to a greater extent, and so yield higher concentrations of hydronium ions than do weaker acids. Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z Hydrogen is ionized only by radiation with wavelengths shorter than 91.2 nm. Astronomy 2016-10-13T00:00:00Z The interstellar magnetic field, thought to be generated by nearby stars and vast clouds of ionized gases, would presumably have a different orientation from the magnetic field of the heliosphere. Record-Breaking Voyager Spacecraft Begin to Power Down 2022-06-16T04:00:00Z The X-ray is a form of high energy electromagnetic radiation with a short wavelength capable of penetrating solids and ionizing gases. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z Since cancer cells are rapidly reproducing, they are exceptionally sensitive to the disruption produced by ionizing radiation. College Physics for AP Courses 2015-08-12T00:00:00Z In solutions of the same concentration, stronger bases ionize to a greater extent, and so yield higher hydroxide ion concentrations than do weaker bases. Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z The pressure of the hot, ionized gas surrounding these stars compresses the material in the nearby edge of the molecular cloud and initiates the gravitational collapse that will lead to the formation of more stars. Astronomy 2016-10-13T00:00:00Z Heating and ionizing gaseous elements in the disk, energetic photons emissions from our young sun eventually expelled the gas from the protoplanetary disk via evaporation. Did our solar system lose a planet? 2022-05-27T04:00:00Z Strong acids are compounds that release all of their H+ in solution; that is, they ionize completely. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z Comet tails are composed of gases and dust evaporated from the body of the comet and ionized gas. College Physics for AP Courses 2015-08-12T00:00:00Z The compound is very unstable and decomposes above −40 °C. This compound does not ionize in water, and there are no known salts. Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z Figure 25.16 Sagittarius A. This image, taken with the Very Large Array of radio telescopes, shows the radio emission from hot, ionized gas in the center of the Milky Way. Astronomy 2016-10-13T00:00:00Z In December, the Netherlands’ Authority for Nuclear Safety and Radiation issued a warning on 10 anti-5G products that were found to emit harmful ionizing radiation and had the potential to cause long-term health damage. How fears of electromagnetic radiation spawned a snake-oil industry 2022-05-17T04:00:00Z A little more than one-half of blood calcium is bound to proteins, leaving the rest in its ionized form. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z Since Faraday’s experiments with electroplating in the 1830s, it had been known that about 100,000 C per mole was needed to plate singly ionized ions. College Physics for AP Courses 2015-08-12T00:00:00Z Generally only about 1% of the molecules of a carboxylic acid dissolved in water are ionized at any given time. Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z H II regions can exist only if there is a nearby star hot enough to ionize hydrogen. Astronomy 2016-10-13T00:00:00Z But ionized electrons and protons in interstellar space scatter the radio waves into a blur that obscures details of the source. The Milky Way’s Black Hole Comes to Light 2022-05-12T04:00:00Z Most minerals are ionized, and their ionic forms are used in physiological processes throughout the body. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z Part of the energy that they deposit by collision with an atom results in one or more of the atom’s inner electrons being knocked into a higher orbit or the atom being ionized. College Physics for AP Courses 2015-08-12T00:00:00Z The most serious biological damage results when these radioactive emissions fragment or ionize molecules. Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z Why are ionized gases typically only found in very high-temperature environments? Astronomy 2016-10-13T00:00:00Z Observations of the central region of the galaxy are hampered by intervening dust and ionized particles. Supermassive black hole seen at the center of our galaxy 2022-05-11T04:00:00Z Sgr A* proved a harder nut to crack, first because the telescopes were viewing it through the crowded central plane of the Milky Way, where electrons from ionized gases scattered the light. Shadow of Milky Way’s giant black hole revealed by astronomers 2022-05-12T04:00:00Z Nuclear radiation, like x rays, is ionizing radiation, because energy sufficient to ionize matter is emitted in each decay. College Physics for AP Courses 2015-08-12T00:00:00Z Radiation dosimeters also measure ionizing radiation and are often used to determine personal radiation exposure. Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z In the upper ionosphere, ultraviolet radiation from the Sun can strip electrons from their atoms, leaving the atmosphere ionized. Astronomy 2016-10-13T00:00:00Z In Earth’s atmosphere, where oxygen levels were rising, the increased radiation could have ionized some of this oxygen, allowing it to escape to space and depleting a valuable resource for life, Tarduno says. Scientists are probing the secrets of Earth’s inner core—and how it saved life on our planet 2022-03-30T04:00:00Z There is no “safe” level when it comes to ionizing radiation. Military Action in Chernobyl Could be Dangerous for People and the Environment 2022-03-08T05:00:00Z A particle of ionizing radiation creates 4000 ion pairs in the gas inside a Geiger tube as it passes through. College Physics for AP Courses 2015-08-12T00:00:00Z Alpha particles can be stopped by very thin shielding but have much stronger ionizing potential than beta particles, X-rays, and γ-rays. Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z Many of the atoms are ionized by the loss of an electron, and this region is often called the ionosphere. Astronomy 2016-10-13T00:00:00Z Existing “radiological maps do not make it possible to demonstrate control of limiting exposure to ionizing radiation,” ASN says, according to a translation of its letter. French nuclear regulator halts assembly of huge fusion reactor 2022-02-24T05:00:00Z New research published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences determined that government regulations that set thresholds on ionized chloride from human pollutants fail to sufficiently protect critical freshwater zooplankton species. Road salt runoff is making freshwater lakes inhospitable 2022-02-24T05:00:00Z Suppose a particle of ionizing radiation deposits 1.0 MeV in the gas of a Geiger tube, all of which goes to creating ion pairs. College Physics for AP Courses 2015-08-12T00:00:00Z Using the Bohr model, determine the energy, in joules, necessary to ionize a ground-state hydrogen atom. Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z The brightest part of the tail is called the dust tail, to differentiate it from a fainter, straight tail made of ionized gas, called the ion tail. Astronomy 2016-10-13T00:00:00Z Both are tokamaks: doughnut-shaped vessels wrapped in a grid of powerful magnets that hold the superhot ionized gas, or plasma, in place and prevent it from touching and melting the vessel walls. European fusion reactor sets record for sustained energy 2022-02-09T05:00:00Z These included acoustic signals, chemical and biological agents, ionizing radiation, natural and environmental factors, and radio frequency and other electromagnetic energy. External energy source may explain ‘Havana syndrome,’ panel finds, renewing questions about possible foreign attack 2022-02-02T05:00:00Z Since ionizing radiation damages the DNA, which is critical in cell reproduction, it has its greatest effect on cells that rapidly reproduce, including most types of cancer. College Physics for AP Courses 2015-08-12T00:00:00Z Soluble ionic substances and strong acids ionize completely and are strong electrolytes, while weak acids and bases ionize to only a small extent and are weak electrolytes. Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z It was not until 60 years later that astronomers discovered that this emission was in fact due to highly ionized iron—iron with 13 of its electrons stripped off. Astronomy 2016-10-13T00:00:00Z The panel concluded that ionizing radiation, chemical and biological agents, infrasound, audible sound, ultrasound propagated over large distances, and bulk heating from electromagnetic energy were all unlikely causes for the Havana Syndrome cases. Some Havana Syndrome cases resemble directed-energy attacks, intelligence study says 2022-02-02T05:00:00Z It ruled out the possibility that chemical and biological agents, ionizing radiation or audible sounds could have caused the injuries. Panel says some ‘Havana syndrome’ cases may stem from radio energy 2022-02-02T05:00:00Z Cancer is characterized by a malfunction of cell reproduction, and can also be caused by ionizing radiation. College Physics for AP Courses 2015-08-12T00:00:00Z For example, sulfuric acid, a strong acid, ionizes as follows: Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z In the Sun, the source of kinetic energy is the churning of turbulent layers of ionized gas within the Sun’s interior that we mentioned earlier. Astronomy 2016-10-13T00:00:00Z X-rays are emitted when gas is heated up to hundreds of millions of degrees Celsius and ionized to produce plasma, a roiling soup of electrons and ions. NASA telescope to study how extreme cosmic objects sculpt x-ray light 2021-12-02T05:00:00Z Finding strong emission from highly ionized elements in a galaxy’s spectrum is a dead giveaway that an accreting supermassive black hole lies at its center. Galaxy Collisions Preview Milky Way’s Fate 2021-11-16T05:00:00Z Thus, 0.01 J of ionizing energy can create a huge number of ion pairs and have an effect at the cellular level. College Physics for AP Courses 2015-08-12T00:00:00Z It ionizes and forms hydronium ions and carbonate ions in even smaller quantities. Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z The X-rays and ultraviolet radiation can ionize atoms in Earth’s upper atmosphere, and the freed electrons can build up a charge on the surface of a spacecraft. Astronomy 2016-10-13T00:00:00Z Those discoveries could also bear on the mystery of what ionized the hydrogen gas that fills the universe, making it transparent to light. On the launch pad at last, NASA’s Webb telescope will probe first stars and weather on alien worlds 2021-11-11T05:00:00Z Some ghost hunters, like those in the science-focused paranormal investigation group Para Science, seek two types of radiating electromagnetic emissions: ionizing and non-ionizing radiation. A brief examination of the science behind ghost hunting 2021-10-30T04:00:00Z In the earlier discussion of the range of ionizing radiation, it was noted that energy is deposited in a series of ionizations and not in a single interaction. College Physics for AP Courses 2015-08-12T00:00:00Z The salt ionizes in solution, but the anion slightly reacts with water to form the weak acid. Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z Star X has lines of ionized helium in its spectrum, and star Y has bands of titanium oxide. Astronomy 2016-10-13T00:00:00Z Ultraviolet light from big and hot population III stars is an obvious ionizing source. On the launch pad at last, NASA’s Webb telescope will probe first stars and weather on alien worlds 2021-11-11T05:00:00Z In that state, these lithium atoms are said to be ionized. Your Batteries Are Due for Disruption 2021-09-08T04:00:00Z Each ion pair or ionization requires a certain amount of energy, so that the number of ion pairs is directly proportional to the amount of the deposited ionizing energy. College Physics for AP Courses 2015-08-12T00:00:00Z Sulfuric acid is a strong diprotic acid that ionizes in two stages. Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z The spectrum of star Z shows lines of ionized helium and also molecular bands of titanium oxide. Astronomy 2016-10-13T00:00:00Z But were there enough stars to ionize all of space? On the launch pad at last, NASA’s Webb telescope will probe first stars and weather on alien worlds 2021-11-11T05:00:00Z To do that, a tokamak relies on intense magnetic fields to trap and squeeze a super-hot ionized gas, or plasma, within a doughnut-shaped vacuum chamber. This powerful electromagnet could help make fusion energy a reality 2021-09-08T04:00:00Z Examine the situation to determine that a person is exposed to ionizing radiation. College Physics for AP Courses 2015-08-12T00:00:00Z For example, when hydrogen fluoride dissolves in water and ionizes, protons are transferred from hydrogen fluoride molecules to water molecules, yielding hydronium ions and fluoride ions: Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z The strongest lines are those of ionized helium. Astronomy 2016-10-13T00:00:00Z Astronomers have found quasars less than 700 million years after the big bang, but many think they are too few and far between to evenly ionize all of space. On the launch pad at last, NASA’s Webb telescope will probe first stars and weather on alien worlds 2021-11-11T05:00:00Z But Leigh Madden, the chief executive of Epirus, says that his company’s approach can’t harm humans because, unlike other systems, it doesn’t emit any harmful ionizing radiation. Opinion | The latest revolutionary tools in warfare? Microwaves. 2021-08-05T04:00:00Z For air this occurs at around 3×106 N/C. Air ionizes ions and electrons recombine, and we get discharge in the form of lightning sparks and corona discharge. College Physics for AP Courses 2015-08-12T00:00:00Z Acids that are partially ionized are called “weak,” and their acid ionization constants may be experimentally measured. Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z The atom is then said to be ionized. Astronomy 2016-10-13T00:00:00Z After ionizing a sample, an ASM boosts the charged particles to high energies and shoots them through a magnetic field. Exploding stars may have assaulted ancient Earth 2021-07-15T04:00:00Z The device relies on enormous superconducting magnets to hold the ionized gas, or plasma, in a doughnut-shaped vessel while it is heated with microwaves and particle beams. Plans unveiled for private U.K. fusion reactor powered by ‘smoke rings’ and pneumatic pistons 2021-06-16T04:00:00Z Practical limits arise because the large electric fields polarize and eventually ionize surrounding materials, creating free charges that neutralize excess charge or allow it to escape. College Physics for AP Courses 2015-08-12T00:00:00Z If all these strong acids are completely ionized in water, why does the column indicate they vary in strength, with nitric acid being the weakest and perchloric acid the strongest? Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z If enough energy is available, an atom can become completely ionized, losing all of its electrons. Astronomy 2016-10-13T00:00:00Z This ionized gas is the fourth state of matter, one we encounter in our daily lives a lot less than solids, liquids or more familiar gases. Why Humans Are So Thirsty 2021-06-15T04:00:00Z The sun is a medium-size star, a ball of blazing-hot ionized gas one million miles in diameter. Will the Next Space-Weather Season Be Stormy or Fair? 2021-05-28T04:00:00Z This is sufficient energy to ionize thousands of atoms and molecules, since only 10 to 1000 eV are needed per ionization. College Physics for AP Courses 2015-08-12T00:00:00Z Species listed between water and its conjugate base, hydroxide ion, are weak bases that partially ionize. Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z An atom that has become positively ionized has lost a negative charge—the missing electron—and thus is left with a net positive charge. Astronomy 2016-10-13T00:00:00Z Unlike incandescent bulbs, which heat metal filaments to create energy, and fluorescent lamps, which use ionized gas, LEDs are tiny semiconductor chips that emit photons of light when an electric current is applied to them. Isamu Akasaki, 92, Dies; Nobel Winner Lit Up the World With LEDs 2021-04-06T04:00:00Z Even at the darkest possible sites on Earth, the sky itself has a natural glow in the upper atmosphere from sources like ionized particles. Study finds nowhere on Earth is safe from satellite light pollution 2021-03-28T04:00:00Z This means that ionizing radiation has positive uses in cancer treatment as well as risks in producing cancer. College Physics for AP Courses 2015-08-12T00:00:00Z It is not possible to replace the third atom of hydrogen because it is not very acidic, as it is not easy to ionize the P-H bond. Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z The rate at which such collisional ionizations occur depends on the speeds of the atoms and hence on the temperature of the gas—the hotter the gas, the more of its atoms will be ionized. Astronomy 2016-10-13T00:00:00Z Officials expect the air ionizing devices should be in place next month, The Post and Courier of Charleston reported. South Carolina Statehouse to get air cleaning devices 2021-03-20T04:00:00Z “What happens when the atmosphere is that ionized?” he asks. Ancient kauri trees capture last collapse of Earth’s magnetic field 2021-02-18T05:00:00Z How can treating food with ionizing radiation help keep it from spoiling? College Physics for AP Courses 2015-08-12T00:00:00Z At these temperatures, all molecules dissociate into atoms, and the atoms ionize, forming plasma. Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z From a knowledge of the temperature and density of a gas, it is possible to calculate the fraction of atoms that have been ionized once, twice, and so on. Astronomy 2016-10-13T00:00:00Z Researchers thought radars might be able to spot missile trails left in the ionosphere, the upper part of the atmosphere where the Sun’s radiation ionizes air molecules. How the famed Arecibo telescope fell—and how it might rise again 2021-01-14T05:00:00Z FES mainly funds research on magnetically confined fusion, in which an ionized gas or plasma is squeezed and heated until atomic nuclei fuse and release energy. U.S. physicists rally around ambitious plan to build fusion power plant 2020-12-08T05:00:00Z Biological effects of x rays will be explored in the next chapter along with other types of ionizing radiation such as those produced by nuclei. College Physics for AP Courses 2015-08-12T00:00:00Z Ionizing radiation is the most harmful because it can ionize molecules or break chemical bonds, which damages the molecule and causes malfunctions in cell processes. Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z The energy levels of an ionized atom are entirely different from those of the same atom when it is neutral. Astronomy 2016-10-13T00:00:00Z Their models suggest carbon dioxide, ionized by particles in the solar wind that bombards the atmosphere, vigorously splits the water molecules apart. Martian dust storms parch the planet by driving water into space 2020-11-12T05:00:00Z These doughnut-shaped vessels contain a superhot ionized gas—or plasma—of hydrogen isotopes that is constrained with powerful magnets and heated by microwaves and particle beams. United Kingdom lights up its unusual fusion reactor 2020-10-30T04:00:00Z We hear many seemingly contradictory things about the biological effects of ionizing radiation. College Physics for AP Courses 2015-08-12T00:00:00Z They look a bit like small, high-tech air conditioning units, and are on all the time, ionizing the air. Virginia restaurant showcases tool in fight against virus 2020-08-22T04:00:00Z This image of the Sun was taken with a filter that transmits only the light of the spectral line produced by singly ionized calcium. Astronomy 2016-10-13T00:00:00Z The sun, like all active stars, constantly vents matter in the form of solar wind, which includes particles like electrons, protons, and ionized helium atoms. A study that links solar activity to earthquakes is sending shockwaves through the science world 2020-07-21T04:00:00Z The instrument will “sniff” the ionized gas produced by these mini blasts and determine the type and quantity of chemical elements in the rocks. Chinese Spacecraft Poised for First Mars Mission 2020-07-15T04:00:00Z All the effects of ionizing radiation on biological tissue can be understood by knowing that ionizing radiation affects molecules within cells, particularly DNA molecules. College Physics for AP Courses 2015-08-12T00:00:00Z “Unlike with ionizing radiation from x-rays and CT scans, ultrasound has no side effects,” says radiologist Yale Tung Chen of the University Hospital of La Paz in Madrid. Handheld Ultrasound Devices Are Speeding Diagnosis of COVID-19 2020-06-11T04:00:00Z Because the electron and the proton are separated, ionized hydrogen cannot produce absorption lines. Astronomy 2016-10-13T00:00:00Z Some of these components vaporize when they get close to the Sun, giving comets two tails: one of dust that reflects sunlight, and one of gas that glows as it ionizes. Galileo’s story is always relevant 2020-05-03T04:00:00Z A dense soup of ionized hydrogen, helium and other heavier elements exists in the space between galaxies. Strange Extragalactic Strands Mystify Astronomers 2020-04-16T04:00:00Z Without contradiction, ionizing radiation can be both a cure and a cause. College Physics for AP Courses 2015-08-12T00:00:00Z These are on the opposite end of the electromagnetic spectrum to ionizing radiation sources like X-rays, gamma rays, and ultraviolet rays. Why the 5G coronavirus conspiracy theories don’t make sense 2020-04-09T04:00:00Z Balmer lines of hydrogen are very strong; some lines of ionized metals are present. Astronomy 2016-10-13T00:00:00Z The ionized gas generates reactive oxygen and nitrogen molecules that disrupt cell membranes, and perhaps viral proteins. Iran confronts coronavirus amid a ‘battle between science and conspiracy theories’ 2020-03-29T04:00:00Z Researchers think that the ionized elements become packed together in the next layer, creating a lattice in the inner crust. The golden age of neutron-star physics has arrived 2020-03-03T05:00:00Z To discuss quantitatively the biological effects of ionizing radiation, we need a radiation dose unit that is directly related to those effects. College Physics for AP Courses 2015-08-12T00:00:00Z During one of the machine’s runs, which last just seconds, millions of amps course through NSTX’s magnet coils, creating fields that squeeze an ionized gas so tightly that atomic nuclei can fuse. After decades of decline, the U.S. national fusion lab seeks a rebirth 2020-02-06T05:00:00Z Lines of ionized calcium are the strongest in the spectrum; hydrogen lines show only moderate strength; lines of neutral and metals are present. Astronomy 2016-10-13T00:00:00Z When muons are fired through a material, they dislodge electrons, ionizing atoms. MICE Cold: Collaboration Demonstrates Muon Ionization Cooling 2020-02-05T05:00:00Z As an FRB travels through the ionized intergalactic medium, its radio waves interact with free electrons and are slowed. Not all fast radio bursts are created equal 2020-01-05T05:00:00Z The effects of ionizing radiation may be directly proportional to the dose in rads, but they also depend on the type of radiation and the type of tissue. College Physics for AP Courses 2015-08-12T00:00:00Z During a run, something nearly as otherworldly fills the chamber: a wispy ionized gas, or plasma, heated to 100 million degrees Celsius—hotter than the core of the Sun. After decades of decline, the U.S. national fusion lab seeks a rebirth 2020-02-06T05:00:00Z Hydrogen emission indicates that there are hot young stars nearby that ionize these clouds of gas. Astronomy 2016-10-13T00:00:00Z The beautiful image, which spans 190 light-years, is one of a set of long, thin strands of ionized gas called filaments. NASA spots cosmic 'candy cane' in Milky Way 2019-12-18T05:00:00Z The low-frequency antennas observe radio emissions from pulsars—spinning neutron stars—and the epoch of reionization, when light from the universe’s first stars was ionizing the hydrogen in the space between galaxies. Giant radio telescope array prepares to begin construction in Australia and South Africa 2019-11-25T05:00:00Z Therapeutic applications of ionizing radiation, called radiation therapy or radiotherapy, have existed since the discovery of x- rays and nuclear radioactivity. College Physics for AP Courses 2015-08-12T00:00:00Z Those that are sufficiently energetic to eject electrons from an atom and cleave chemical bonds are known as ionizing radiation. Don't Fall Prey to Scaremongering about 5G 2019-10-28T04:00:00Z But telescopes launched above Earth’s atmosphere obtained ultraviolet spectra that contained interstellar lines produced by oxygen atoms that have been ionized five times. Astronomy 2016-10-13T00:00:00Z Just after the big bang, glowing plasma—hot, ionized gas—filled the expanding universe. Drenchable Drones, Prickly Cells and Face-Tracked Chimps: Science GIFs to Start Your Week 2019-09-16T04:00:00Z The company recently reported that its prototype computer, using 11 qubits made of ionized atoms, performed more complex calculations with greater accuracy than any rival machine. The quantum revolution is coming, and Chinese scientists are at the forefront 2019-08-18T04:00:00Z Food irradiation is the treatment of food with ionizing radiation. College Physics for AP Courses 2015-08-12T00:00:00Z Those dark, ionized bubbles grew bigger over roughly half a billion years, as galaxies grew and merged, leaving less and less luminous hydrogen between them. The quest to unlock the secrets of the baby Universe 2019-08-13T04:00:00Z To emit X-rays, and to contain oxygen atoms that have been ionized five times, gas must be heated to temperatures of a million degrees or more. Astronomy 2016-10-13T00:00:00Z The high energy electron or muon spawned by a neutrino in a flash of light would ionize the argon along its path, leaving a trail of electrons. Resurrected detector will hunt for some of the strangest particles in the universe 2019-08-08T04:00:00Z They could also trace its disappearance later in cosmic history, as the first stars ended the dark ages by bursting into light and ionizing the hydrogen around them with their UV radiation. Could humanity’s return to the moon spark a new age of lunar telescopes? 2019-07-18T04:00:00Z Medical therapy sometimes directly involves physics; for example, cancer radiotherapy uses ionizing radiation. College Physics for AP Courses 2015-08-12T00:00:00Z Even today, the vast majority of the Universe’s hydrogen remains ionized. The quest to unlock the secrets of the baby Universe 2019-08-13T04:00:00Z If an atom has lost one or more electrons, it is called an ion and is said to be ionized. Astronomy 2016-10-13T00:00:00Z "Because of Jupiter's fast rotation -- a day on Jupiter lasts only ten hours -- the centrifugal forces move the ionized gas in Jupiter's magnetic field, which generate the electric currents." Mysterious alternating currents found on Jupiter 2019-07-17T04:00:00Z As the radio waves from FRBs travel to Earth, they pass through wisps of ionized gas that exist throughout intergalactic space and become distorted, based on just how much stuff they encounter along the way. Mysterious Outburst's Quiet Cosmic Home Yields More Questions Than Answers 2019-06-27T04:00:00Z The flash discharge is through a low-resistance ionized gas in the flash tube and proceeds very rapidly. College Physics for AP Courses 2015-08-12T00:00:00Z Ogasawara calls their bread recipe “very simple,” but goes on to explain that it’s dairy-free — most Japanese milk bread is made with, yes, milk — and that they are “particular about the water,” using alkaline ionized. Hello, sando: taste-testing squishy white-bread Japanese sandwiches in Seattle and Bellevue 2019-05-15T04:00:00Z In the atmospheres of the hottest stars, hydrogen atoms are completely ionized. Astronomy 2016-10-13T00:00:00Z Given that air must be ionized to provide all of these paths, such a process would require an unfeasible amount of energy. A closer look at lightning reveals needle-like structures 2019-04-16T04:00:00Z The gas in a disk may be swept up by planets, blown off by stellar winds, ionized by a star’s ultraviolet or x-ray light, or even channeled away by magnetic fields. 'Oumuamua-like Objects Might Supercharge Planet Formation 2019-04-17T04:00:00Z Another example of the pinch effect is found in the solar plasma, where jets of ionized material, such as solar flares, are shaped by magnetic forces. College Physics for AP Courses 2015-08-12T00:00:00Z These skim molecules off the surface, ionize them and propel them towards the mass spectrometer, where they pass through electric and magnetic fields that separate the ions according to mass, creating a unique spectrum. Tree sleuths are using DNA tests and machine vision to crack timber crimes 2019-04-02T04:00:00Z But if the spectrum also contains helium lines, then it is a B star, whereas if it contains lines of ionized iron and other metals, it must be a G star. Astronomy 2016-10-13T00:00:00Z Polarity asymmetry in lightning leaders is conspicuous, and is ultimately attributable to the marked polarity asymmetry in the charge carriers in ionized air4: free electrons are highly mobile, whereas heavier positive ions are not. A closer look at lightning reveals needle-like structures 2019-04-16T04:00:00Z It’s well-established that as radon decays, it releases charged particles that collide with compounds in the air, ionizing them. Volcanoes! Lightning! And Radioactive Gas, Too 2019-03-29T04:00:00Z Others believe swirling clouds of hot, ionized gas created by asteroid impacts early in lunar history generated short-lived, local magnetic fields that became locked in the crust. Israeli lander pioneers private flights to the moon 2019-03-28T04:00:00Z Two nearly severed halves of a grape popped into a microwave create a brilliant light show because they focus the radiation into a hotspot, ionizing atoms in the skin into plasma. Daily briefing: The ten commandments for learning to code 2019-02-21T05:00:00Z Second, more atoms are ionized in a giant star than in a star like the Sun with the same temperature. Astronomy 2016-10-13T00:00:00Z “We have a good, thick atmosphere that is protecting us from ionizing radiation because we have a good, strong magnetic field.” Ancient Earth's Weakened Magnetic Field May Have Driven Mass Extinction 2019-02-15T05:00:00Z For a useful number of fusions to occur, fusion fuel must be heated to tens of millions of degrees so that it produces an ionized gas called a plasma. Experimentally trained statistical models boost nuclear-fusion performance 2019-01-29T05:00:00Z The order in which electrons are released when some atoms are ionized also doesn’t seem to follow the Madelung rule. Can quantum ideas explain chemistry’s greatest icon? 2019-01-29T05:00:00Z Some experiments control a super-hot ionized gas called plasma with magnetic fields inside a massive metal doughnut called a tokamak. Can AI help crack the code of fusion power? 2019-01-29T05:00:00Z But how long atoms stay ionized depends in part on pressure. Astronomy 2016-10-13T00:00:00Z At pressures of about 100,000 times that of Earth's atmosphere—well short of those that create metallic hydrogen—hydrogen partially ionizes, turning it into a semiconductor. Missions expose surprising differences in the interiors of Saturn and Jupiter 2019-01-17T05:00:00Z When an electrical current moves through air in an electrical arc, it alters the molecules in the air, charging them with energy, splitting them into atoms and ionizing them. How an Explosion (Not Aliens) Turned New York’s Night Sky an Electric Blue 2018-12-28T05:00:00Z Although scandium’s extra electron lies in its 3d orbital, experiments show that, when it is ionized, it loses an electron from 4s first. Can quantum ideas explain chemistry’s greatest icon? 2019-01-29T05:00:00Z A hydrocarbon gas mixture is ionized by microwaves or lasers in a vessel at temperatures of about 800 degrees Celsius. Factbox: How man-made diamonds have grown to threaten natural gems 2018-12-21T05:00:00Z A cloud of ionized hydrogen is called an H II region. Astronomy 2016-10-13T00:00:00Z And The Washington Post discovered a live stream that lets you listen to the ping of radio waves reflected back to Earth by the clouds of ionized gases in the meteors’ wakes. Watch the brilliant Geminid meteor shower celebrated by today’s Google Doodle 2018-12-13T05:00:00Z Electrical field strength near an array of thin filaments called emitters at the front of the wing ionizes air, meaning electrons are removed and charged molecules called ions are created. Radical experimental plane with no moving parts wows scientists 2018-11-21T05:00:00Z The field is strong enough to induce a chain reaction: free electrons in the region collide heavily enough with air molecules to ionize them, producing more electrons that then ionize more molecules. Flying with ionic wind 2018-11-20T05:00:00Z Because space is a vacuum, these systems bring along a fluid, like xenon, to ionize, whereas Barrett’s aircraft is designed to ionize nitrogen molecules in the ambient air. Airplane with no moving parts takes flight 2018-11-21T05:00:00Z Many of them are also ionized in the vicinity of hot stars; they then capture electrons and emit light, just as hydrogen does, allowing them to be observed by astronomers. Astronomy 2016-10-13T00:00:00Z The nicotine in nicotine salts is ionized, which means it carries a slight positive charge. Juul’s nicotine salts are dominating the market — and other companies want in 2018-11-21T05:00:00Z To drastically reduce the size of accelerators, scientists are exploring ways to use waves that are instead generated internally, in an ionized gas known as a plasma2. Short proton bunches rapidly accelerate energetic electrons 2018-09-18T04:00:00Z The method uses waves in plasma, a soup of ionized atoms, to push electrons to ever-higher energies over distances much shorter than those required in today’s particle accelerators. CERN’s pioneering mini-accelerator passes first test 2018-08-28T04:00:00Z The latter ionize the gas, creating a plasma that consists of positively charged ions and negatively charged electrons. Much cheaper, smaller atom smashers may be on the horizon 2018-08-29T04:00:00Z If it were ionized hydrogen, it should be hot enough to emit visible radiation. Astronomy 2016-10-13T00:00:00Z Typically, stars inside a planetary nebula ionize gaseous material previously ejected — so the surrounding shell of material closest to the star’s surface is affected the most. A star that hides its shine draws admiring looks 2018-08-05T04:00:00Z Much of that adaptation might be related to the harsh ionizing and ultraviolet radiation that humans would be exposed to. Captain America on Mars 2018-08-03T04:00:00Z Besides the expense, the technique exposes patients to a considerable amount of ionizing radiation. Alzheimer’s disease is getting easier to spot 2018-07-24T04:00:00Z The study calls for future evaluations between specific exposures and cancers, which hopefully will lead to better regulations to protect flight attendants against ionizing radiation and other risks. Study: Flying often could be bad for your health 2018-07-17T04:00:00Z Unlike ionizing radiation such as X-rays or gamma rays, which are known to be strong enough to damage DNA, radiofrequency waves emitted by cellphones are much weaker, and health research has produced ambiguous findings. Wireless industry using First Amendment as a cudgel in its battle against safety warnings 2018-07-15T04:00:00Z Flight attendants are exposed to several factors known to increase cancer risk, including disrupted sleep patterns and exposure to the increased levels of cosmic ionizing radiation at high altitudes. Airline Crew Have Higher Cancer Rates 2018-07-05T04:00:00Z Pigmentation would not necessarily shield us from the effects of ionizing radiation, though. Captain America on Mars 2018-08-03T04:00:00Z An FAA spokesman noted that the FAA issued a notice in 2014 warning crew members about the risks of exposure to in-flight ionized radiation. Flight attendants call for action in response to study that finds the job comes with high cancer risk 2018-06-29T04:00:00Z Once present, the heavier elements helped the primordial gas cool because they became ionized at high temperatures, causing the gas to glow and shed heat. Discovery of middleweight black holes could explain origin of million-solar-mass monster 2018-05-30T04:00:00Z Google and IBM, for example, are pursuing quantum computers based on wires supercooled to become semiconductors or ionized atoms in a vacuum chamber trapped by lasers. What Are the Limits of Manipulating Nature? 2018-05-25T04:00:00Z We detect an emission line of doubly ionized oxygen at a redshift of 9.1096 ± 0.0006, with an uncertainty of one standard deviation. The onset of star formation 250 million years after the Big Bang 2018-05-15T04:00:00Z It can withstand exposure to more than 5,000 gray of ionizing radiation. Captain America on Mars 2018-08-03T04:00:00Z The ionizing radiation given off by sources such as x-ray machines and the sun boosts cancer risk by shredding molecules in the body. New Studies Link Cell Phone Radiation with Cancer 2018-03-29T04:00:00Z The x-rays produced by an AGN ionize clouds of hydrogen gas in the galactic bulge around it, setting them aglow at particular frequencies that produce distinct peaks in the galaxy’s spectrum. Discovery of middleweight black holes could explain origin of million-solar-mass monster 2018-05-30T04:00:00Z This is in accordance with the prediction that hydrogen ionizes to produce free-moving protons and electrons in such a high-pressure environment. A deeper look at Jupiter 2018-03-06T05:00:00Z Reionization after Planck: the derived growth of the cosmic ionizing emissivity now matches the growth of the galaxy UV luminosity density. The onset of star formation 250 million years after the Big Bang 2018-05-15T04:00:00Z Guillot thinks that may be because the gases inside the core are electrically charged, or ionized. NASA’s Juno spacecraft finds deep winds and patterned cyclones on Jupiter 2018-03-07T05:00:00Z Analysis of the galaxy’s gas suggests that it was ionized by radiation emitted as the black hole gobbled up matter over millions of years. Supermassive black hole is credited for dazzling display 2018-02-25T05:00:00Z The studies also found some DNA damage in the exposed animals, a bit of a surprise because scientists had believed that radio-frequency radiation — unlike the ionizing radiation in X-rays — could not harm DNA. Cellphones Are Still Safe for Humans, Researchers Say 2018-02-02T05:00:00Z But it’s radiofrequency radiation, which is much lower energy than the ionizing radiation you’d get from an X-ray, or, say, nuclear fallout. Cellphone radiation poses no real harm to humans, new research says 2018-02-02T05:00:00Z The process of this phase change from a neutral to an ionized Universe, known as reionization, is poorly understood. A beacon at the dawn of the Universe 2018-01-23T05:00:00Z It was a key moment in the Universe’s history known as the Epoch of Reionization, in which the hydrogen shifted from being neutral to ionized — and brought the Dark Ages to an end. The most distant supermassive black hole ever found holds secrets to the early Universe 2017-12-06T05:00:00Z Some scientists think that ionized methane accumulating in the atmosphere at night makes the electric field stronger over the site. Welcome to the World's Most Awesomely Awful Places 2017-12-04T05:00:00Z We further checked atomic data line lists for possible light r-process elements30 in this range, finding neutral and singly ionized Sb, I and Xe transitions. A kilonova as the electromagnetic counterpart to a gravitational-wave source : Nature : Nature Research 2017-10-15T04:00:00Z The breast is exposed to a small dose of ionizing radiation that produces an image of the breast tissue. Breast cancer death rates decline 2017-10-20T04:00:00Z Scientists hypothesize that the missing atoms lie in diffuse clouds of highly ionized gas stretching between the galaxies. Astronomers say they’ve found many of the universe’s missing atoms 2017-10-10T04:00:00Z One idea is that when igneous or metamorphic rocks are under stress, their molecular bonds break and release ionized oxygen that travels through the rock. What caused the mysterious lights in the night sky after Mexico’s earthquake? 2017-09-15T04:00:00Z One telescope will observe green emissions from ionized iron atoms in the sun’s outer atmosphere. Scientists to Take Flight for Longer Views of the Eclipse 2017-08-14T04:00:00Z For the temperature implied by the blackbody-like SED, Fe would be expected to be primarily in its neutral or singly ionized state: in either case, detectable features would be expected. A kilonova as the electromagnetic counterpart to a gravitational-wave source : Nature : Nature Research 2017-10-15T04:00:00Z One problem area is radiotherapy — the practice of using ionizing radiation to kill cancers or to otherwise affect cells. Metrology is key to reproducing results 2017-07-24T04:00:00Z Under the impact of ionizing radiation, rearrangements of atoms could easily occur, changing the nature of the chemical in a wholly unpredictable way, and one that would be wholly beyond control. Silent Spring—I 2017-01-03T05:00:00Z As a meteor streaks through Earth’s atmosphere, it ionizes the air around it, splitting it into heavy, positively charged ions and lighter, negatively charged electrons. New theory may explain the ‘music of the meteors’ 2017-04-14T04:00:00Z Rubin investigated rotational velocities in spiral galaxies using ionized gas regions that she was able to observe at optical wavelengths. Tribute: Vera Rubin and the dark matter problem : Nature : Nature Research 2017-03-07T05:00:00Z The microwave energy at which most domestic appliances operate completely lacks the ability to ionize DNA and damage cells, a fact confirmed by years of experiments and observations. Tackling cancer treatment myths, from clean eating to cannabis 2017-01-24T05:00:00Z This leads atoms inside a painting to ionize and emit electromagnetic waves of their own. A Master Work, the Ghent Altarpiece, Reawakens Stroke by Stroke 2016-12-19T05:00:00Z Then the scientists placed jars of the blueberries under a cylinder that shot out a violet-tinged stream of oxygen and nitrogen plasma—essentially ionized air. Healthier blueberries, thanks to a blast of purple plasma 2016-12-05T05:00:00Z Other instruments will chart gas, dust and ionized particles at an unprecedented range. Comet crash: a guide to Rosetta’s big finale 2016-09-26T04:00:00Z The showers are cascades of ionized particles and electromagnetic radiation that are produced when a cosmic ray enters the atmosphere. James Cronin (1931-2016) : Nature : Nature Research 2016-09-20T04:00:00Z A lot of uranium in the neighborhood, and we had at the time a "threshold theory" pertaining to the amount of exposure to ionizing radiation one could withstand before incurring adverse health effects, like cancer. Health Secrets of the Amish 2016-08-03T04:00:00Z It’s visible to the naked eye here on Earth because it is so strongly illuminated by ultraviolet radiation and brightly glowing ionized gas. New Photo of Orion Nebula Reveals Its Spectacular Heart 2016-07-12T04:00:00Z It takes more energy to ionize air, but air’s ubiquity makes the approach cheaper overall, Niemira says. Healthier blueberries, thanks to a blast of purple plasma 2016-12-05T05:00:00Z The machines are assembled under arched steel cranes and in cavernous halls that smell of carbide and ionized air. The Long Dig 2008-09-15T04:00:00Z By the new estimate, December 2025 is the “the earliest possible technically achievable date” for “first plasma”—the point where hydrogen gas is heated enough to ionize into plasma for the first time. UPDATED: Panel backs ITER fusion project’s new schedule, but balks at cost 2016-04-28T04:00:00Z Devised in the 1950s, this model assumes that a person's risk for developing cancer from ionizing radiation is directly proportional to the level of radiation exposure he or she received. Why What You Think About Radiation Might Just Be Wrong 2016-04-21T04:00:00Z The debate among scientists over the effects of low levels of ionizing radiation on wildlife and humans is heated and political, especially after the Fukushima catastrophe five years ago. Animals Rule Chernobyl 30 Years After Nuclear Disaster 2016-04-18T04:00:00Z Plasma has an advantage over other sterilizing technologies like ultraviolet radiation, he says, because the ionized gas can reach every nook in which norovirus might hide on the surface of the berries. Healthier blueberries, thanks to a blast of purple plasma 2016-12-05T05:00:00Z Known as ionizing radiation, it is powerful enough to remove electrons from atoms. At C.D.C., a Debate Behind Recommendations on Cellphone Risk 2016-01-01T05:00:00Z Arsenic and cadmium compounds, anabolic steroids and ionizing radiation may be causes; carrots and soya may reduce the risk. Prostate cancer: 4 big questions : Nature : Nature Publishing Group 2015-12-14T05:00:00Z Whether liquid compounds are ionized, neutral or hydrogen bonded also depends on temperature and the ingredients involved. Chemistry: Develop ionic liquid drugs 2015-12-07T05:00:00Z When a pulse of such extreme radiation hits neon atoms, all 10 electrons boil off each atom, and the denuded nuclei explode away from their similarly ionized neighbors. Super Powerful X-Ray Laser Boils Atoms in Molecules and Explodes Living Cells--All in the Name of Science 2015-12-01T05:00:00Z In space, there are two sources of ionizing radiation that could harm astronauts. How to poop like an astronaut 2015-11-23T05:00:00Z These doughnut-shaped devices are meant to cage ionized gases called plasmas in magnetic fields while heating them to the outlandish temperatures needed for hydrogen nuclei to fuse. Feature: The bizarre reactor that might save nuclear fusion 2015-10-21T04:00:00Z The researchers found that elephants produce extra copies of the p53 protein, and that elephant blood cells seem exquisitely sensitive to DNA damage from ionizing radiation. How elephants avoid cancer 2015-10-07T04:00:00Z Eventually, the bubbles grew and joined together until the entire universe was ionized again, matching its state after the Big Bang. Light From Universe’s First Stars Spotted in Hubble Photos 2015-10-06T04:00:00Z "Recent studies have highlighted the effectiveness of imaging techniques that don't rely on ionizing radiation for a variety of conditions, such as abdominal pain and pneumonia," Jones said. CT Scan Use in Children Dropped Over Past Decade 2015-08-24T04:00:00Z A tenth of a millisecond later, all of the materials that had made up the bomb converted into an ionized gas, and electromagnetic waves were released into the air. “Most of Nagasaki’s residents had no warning”: The day we dropped the bomb 2015-08-06T04:00:00Z “It is a solid, unusually large study of individuals exposed to very low doses of ionizing radiation,” says epidemiologist Jørgen Olsen, director of the Danish Cancer Society Research Center in Copenhagen. Researchers pin down risks of low-dose radiation 2015-06-29T04:00:00Z Mixing in a small amount of heavier elements helps gas clouds cool, because those elements are easier to ionize and so shed heat as radiation. Astronomers spot first-generation stars, made from big bang 2015-06-17T04:00:00Z The ionized electrons and protons in interstellar space scattered the radio waves into a blur that obscured details of the source. Black Hole Hunters 2015-06-08T04:00:00Z CT scans, or computed tomography, use ionizing radiation, like X-rays, to provide detailed views of internal organs, soft tissue and blood vessels. CT Scan Use in Children Dropped Over Past Decade 2015-08-24T04:00:00Z Nonetheless, while there, the men were exposed to ionizing radiation 24 hours a day, seven days a week. Veteran links health issues to Marshall Islands radiation 2015-05-30T04:00:00Z The result is a tenuous ionized gas that would vaporize any material it touches—and yet must be held in place long enough for fusion to generate useful amounts of energy. Feature: The new shape of fusion 2015-05-21T04:00:00Z SIT is a form of insect control that uses ionizing radiation to sterilize male flies. Irradiating And Eradicating The Tsetse Fly Scourge 2015-04-02T04:00:00Z They found a large region of the galaxy giving off a signal of helium being ionized. Nearby galaxy gives window into early universe 2015-03-23T04:00:00Z That’s a region of space where electrons naturally separate from molecules and float separately to create an ionized gas. Pink cloud visible in Arizona after New Mexico rocket launch 2015-02-25T05:00:00Z That's a region of space where electrons naturally separate from molecules and float separately to create an ionized gas. Pink cloud visible in Arizona after New Mexico rocket launch 2015-02-25T05:00:00Z “Our paper shows that early star-forming galaxies likely supplied enough ionizing radiation to explain the timing and magnitude of reionization inferred from the Planck data,” says lead author Brant Robertson of the University of Arizona. The Universe's Oldest Stars Were Late Bloomers 2015-02-17T05:00:00Z But ionizing radiation used to sterilize males is poised to completely eradicate this plague. Irradiating And Eradicating The Tsetse Fly Scourge 2015-04-02T04:00:00Z But in the aesthetic of minimalism chic, the architectural hulks — with their onyx bars, guest villas and ionized lap pools — seem dated. The why of weak consumer spending 2015-02-16T05:00:00Z This "fourth state of matter" consists of ionized gas molecules at room temperature. 'Cold plasma' kills off norovirus 2015-01-30T05:00:00Z They took sludge samples gathered from around the country and measured the metal content using a mass spectrometer that can discern different elements as they are ionized in a superhot plasma. Sewage sludge could contain millions of dollars worth of gold 2015-01-16T05:00:00Z Exposure to very low levels of ionizing radiation is common—medical procedures, air travel, and industrial processes expose people to such radiation every day. U.S. lawmakers looking to intensify DOE’s low-dose radiation research 2015-01-12T05:00:00Z Another discrepancy that had been raised by earlier cosmological data concerned the age of the Universe when the first generation of stars formed, generating enough ultraviolet light to ionize the hydrogen atoms. European probe shoots down dark-matter claims 2014-12-01T05:00:00Z Jill’s concern is shared by a growing number of doctors and medical organizations, who are worried about the soaring use of medical imaging tests that rely on ionizing radiation. The Hidden Dangers of Medical Scans 2014-11-22T05:00:00Z As the meteors streak through the sky, they briefly ionize the atmosphere. Leonid Meteor Shower Peaks Monday: How to See It 2014-11-17T05:00:00Z With luck, Hubble might see Martian aurorae as ionized particles perturb the planet’s weak magnetic field. The Best Seat in the House for Sunday’s Comet Flyby Is Mars 2014-10-18T04:00:00Z Hot young stars emit this radiation, but neutral hydrogen gas absorbs it, preventing the ionizing radiation from escaping into intergalactic space. 'Swiss cheese' galaxy resembles those that changed the youthful universe 2014-10-09T04:00:00Z Such a disk would offer low temperatures and an oxygen supply just as the ISM does, but would there be enough ionizing radiation? Half of Earth's water formed before the sun was born 2014-09-25T04:00:00Z X-rays and CT scans use so-called ionizing radiation, which contains enough energy to penetrate the body—and can damage DNA in your cells. The Hidden Dangers of Medical Scans 2014-11-22T05:00:00Z For a few seconds, the ionized region reflects short-wavelength radio waves, creating short blips and beeps of sound. Leonid Meteor Shower Peaks Monday: How to See It 2014-11-17T05:00:00Z In others, the Sun’s ultraviolet rays strip electrons away, and when the remaining ionized particles re-combine with other electrons, some gain enough speed to escape. Jubilation as NASA orbiter reaches Mars 2014-09-21T04:00:00Z Fusion power demands heating certain isotopes of hydrogen or other light elements to hundreds of millions of kelvin until they form ionized plasma. Fusion furore 2014-07-22T04:00:00Z Based on LNT, regulators and many scientists consider any additional exposure to ionizing radiation, however small, to increase cancer risk. Is EPA About To Relax Radiation Protections From Nuclear Power? 2014-07-19T04:00:00Z Researchers are working to develop a material that will shield astronauts from ionizing radiation during missions to asteroids near Earth, the moon and Mars. Oklahoma State research team awarded NASA grant 2014-07-10T04:00:00Z The ENS technology may sound similar to home ionizing devices, such as Sharper Image’s Ionic Breeze, which are marketed as air-cleansing machines. Smog-Sucking Electrostatic Vacuum Cleaners May Scrub Beijing’s Air 2014-05-13T17:35:00Z With crustaceans and leafy greens, concerns from Food and Water Watch and other groups arose about furans, potentially carcinogenic substances that are produced by “ionizing radiation.” Efforts to zap bacteria in food are slow to catch hold 2014-04-27T22:05:56Z Throughout her eight-hour shifts, Yu-mi was exposed to a battery of potentially dangerous chemicals, fumes, and ionizing radiation, a panel of Korean court judges later found. Samsung's War at Home 2014-04-10T19:32:48Z Water Resource Protection: When the 1977 rule was written, regulators believed exposure to ionizing radiation was most likely to occur through the air. Is EPA About To Relax Radiation Protections From Nuclear Power? 2014-07-19T04:00:00Z It will also produce an improved estimate of a parameter known as “tau” related to when the first stars ionized our universe. BICEP2 Makes Waves in Cosmology: Now What? 2014-03-18T13:43:20Z Primary enrichment of organics must first occur, and their destruction should be minimized during the conversion of sediment to rock and by limiting exposure of sampled rocks to ionizing radiation. [Introduction to Special Issue] Habitability, Taphonomy, and the Search for Organic Carbon on Mars 2014-01-23T19:26:06.492Z It does not produce ionizing radiation nor radioactive waste. DOE Mentions Technology Behind The Home Nuclear Reactor In Funding Opportunity 2014-01-04T13:00:00Z In fact, an ionized gas permeates the entire universe, and that gas is capable of carrying sound. Is a ‘Silent Night’ possible? Not really. 2013-12-23T21:21:12Z The likely excitation mechanism for the observed ArH emission lines is electron collisions in partially ionized regions with electron densities of a few hundred per centimeter cubed. [Report] Detection of a Noble Gas Molecular Ion, 36ArH+, in the Crab Nebula 2013-12-12T19:26:20.353Z “This is the first clear case of an alkali metal not only losing its single easily ionized valence electron in bonding, but also ‘breaking into the core’ in its bonding with several fluorines.” A Basic Rule of Chemistry Can Be Broken, Calculations Show 2013-11-21T12:45:00.513Z This shallow zone is penetrated by radiation, creating a cascade of atomic and subatomic particles that ionize molecules and atoms in their path. [Introduction to Special Issue] Habitability, Taphonomy, and the Search for Organic Carbon on Mars 2014-01-23T19:26:06.492Z At the cathode, the lithium ions are absorbed, freeing up those ionizing electrons to act as current. Should Battery Fires Drive Electric Cars Off the Road? 2013-11-12T11:15:00.473Z Once ionized, the hydrogen would be electrically conductive and no longer scatter light. Astronomers discover most distant galaxy yet 2013-10-23T21:34:28Z When the first stars formed, their radiation excited the hydrogen, causing it to ionize again during an epoch known as reionization. Milky Way s Tiny Satellite Galaxies May Help Solve Dark Matter Mystery 2013-10-16T11:15:00.630Z But even this explanation does not account for the background amounts of ionizing radiation that almost surely cause damage to these microbes’ DNA, frozen at the bottom of a glacier or not. Colder Than Ice: Researchers Discover How Microbes Survive in Subfreezing Conditions 2013-10-10T19:45:09.120Z Curiosity can directly measure both the modern dose of ionizing cosmic radiation and the accumulated dose for the interval of time that ancient rocks have been exposed at the surface of Mars. [Introduction to Special Issue] Habitability, Taphonomy, and the Search for Organic Carbon on Mars 2014-01-23T19:26:06.492Z There, in interstellar space, the plasma, or ionized gas, is noticeably denser. In a Breathtaking First, NASA’s Voyager 1 Exits the Solar System 2013-09-12T18:58:07Z The more dramatic possibility is that the Milky Way’s black hole flared up about 100,000 years ago, heating and ionizing the plasma cloud. Milky Way Black Hole Had Hungry Past 2013-07-29T22:15:00.720Z Astronomers know, for example, that the raw material was a hot, ionized plasma of hydrogen and helium that emerged from the Big Bang, then rapidly cooled as the Universe expanded. Galaxy formation: Cosmic dawn 2013-05-29T17:20:30.897Z He is referring to the background levels of ionizing radiation coming from both natural and artificial sources all around us, including radon sources, cosmic radiation from space and terrestrial radiation from the ground. Colder Than Ice: Researchers Discover How Microbes Survive in Subfreezing Conditions 2013-10-10T19:45:09.120Z The physicists then shined laser beams of varying wavelengths at the atoms to ionize them. Physicists Find Way to Measure Earth's Rarest Element 2013-05-17T17:15:00.217Z Inside an IMS, a sample's volatile atoms and molecules receive an electrical charge, ionizing them in the process. Device Sniffs Out Black Powder Explosives 2013-05-03T18:35:00Z The researchers spotted a huge cloud of plasma, some 300 light-years long, containing highly ionized atoms. Milky Way Black Hole Had Hungry Past 2013-07-29T22:15:00.720Z He notes that should produce radiation capable of ionizing the helium contained in the interstellar medium. European Southern Observatory (ESO) Sets 'First Light' For World's Largest Telescope 2013-03-20T10:25:01Z Humans are constantly bombarded with various types of ionizing and non-ionizing radiation. Space Invaders -- Asteroids, Mars and Radiation 2013-03-04T04:49:05Z Fonarow points to one disadvantage of the procedure: CT scans expose patients to potentially harmful ionizing radiation. Diagnostics: The new risk predictors 2013-01-30T18:22:49.707Z Measuring 300 light-years across, the bubble, known as G52L, is filled with hydrogen gas that is ionized by the energetic radiation of embedded young stars. ScienceShot: Milky Way Blows a Huge Bubble 2013-01-10T19:40:00Z But they have been criticized by some prominent scientists because they expose the public to a small amount of ionizing radiation, a form of energy that can cause cancer. TSA to study health effects of X-Ray body scanners 2012-12-18T18:56:00Z Factor e Farm has already built 15 of these devices, including a computer-controlled torch table that can cut intricate patterns on metal with a jet of superheated ionized gas. The Post-Apocalypse Survival Machine Nerd Farm 2012-11-02T01:22:11Z Plasma—the glowing ionized gas found in lightning, TV sets, and fluorescent lamps—is also the name of his cat. Why the Professor Went to Prison 2012-11-02T01:21:45Z And several scanning techniques applicable to CVD do not involve ionizing radiation. Diagnostics: The new risk predictors 2013-01-30T18:22:49.707Z The multiple copies of his genome in each cell protect him against ionizing radiation. Glass future 2012-10-24T17:21:17.170Z One reason is that they emit a small dose of ionizing radiation, which at higher levels has been linked to cancer. X-ray body scanners removed from major airports 2012-10-19T18:05:00Z Fusion reactors heat and squeeze a plasma—an ionized gas—composed of the hydrogen isotopes deuterium and tritium, compressing the isotopes until their nuclei overcome their mutual repulsion and fuse together. A Step Forward for Fusion 2012-09-18T16:45:00Z From two graphite electrodes, an arc of electricity leaps about a foot to the molten slag, producing a cloud of ionized particles known as plasma, which heats the chamber. Plasma Gasification Raises Hopes of Clean Energy From Garbage 2012-09-11T16:52:11Z MRI creates pictures of internal tissues using magnetic fields, unlike X-ray which uses ionizing radiation. Pilot Study Demonstrates Feasibility Of MRI-Guided Catheterization 2012-08-29T14:05:53Z Previous studies have shown thyroid cells are particularly vulnerable to ionizing radiation - the kind produced by the Chernobyl nuclear meltdown or the atomic bombings of Japan, for example. Thyroid cancer risk persists decades after radiation 2012-08-17T18:15:24Z Most experts agree that as long as the X-ray backscatter machines are functioning properly, they expose passengers to only extremely low doses of ionizing radiation. The Consumer: Airport Security Scanners Leave Lingering Worries 2012-08-06T21:40:23Z "Those ionizing photons are being wasted in the galaxy." Running Lights: Did Expelled Stars Reionize the Ancient Universe? 2012-07-31T11:15:00.217Z While conventional pasteurization depends on heat, irradiation relies on energy generated by ionizing radiation. Will Irradiated Burgers Turn You Radioactive? The Truth About Food Irradiation 2012-07-12T13:36:51Z Even fast mu mesons, which ionize only lightly, made visible tracks in the superheated liquid. Physics Nobelists Tell of Their Prize-Winning Discoveries 2012-06-28T12:45:02.607Z Not at all like me, all swirls and ionized storms. Celestial bodies 2012-06-27T17:51:08.497Z Around the time that SXDF-NB1006-2 emitted the light now reaching telescopes on Earth, the neutral hydrogen atoms of intergalactic space were being ionized by newly formed stars and galaxies. Astronomers Identify Very Distant (But Not the Most Distant) Galaxy 2012-06-07T15:15:00.207Z Mammography screening involves regular X-rays of the breasts to look for tumours, but this exposure to ionizing radiation also carries a risk of causing cancer. Risk analysis: A dense issue 2012-05-30T17:51:12.420Z Researchers have variously unzipped them into flat sheets using metal catalysts, or etched 10–20 nm wide ribbons from them using ionized argon gas. Production: Beyond sticky tape 2012-03-14T22:50:43.050Z That machine is a donut-shaped device known as a tokamak that uses magnetic fields to trap an ionized gas or plasma and hold it at very high temperature and pressure. At DOE, Body Blows to Fusion, Nuclear Physics, and Particle Physics 2012-02-13T23:18:10Z For years, researchers around the world worked on massive and systematic programmes to understand how ionizing radiation might affect survivors of a blast. The low-level nuclear threat 2012-02-01T18:20:06.620Z Until 1972 he led the academy’s effort to provide genetic advice to the government on vexing issues like the above-ground testing of nuclear weapons and the effects of low levels of ionizing radiation. James F. Crow, Population Genetics Pioneer, Dies at 95 2012-01-11T01:34:28Z Several other environmental factors are also tied to a greater chance of developing childhood leukemia, including ionizing radiation such as x-rays and the mother's exposure to paint or pesticides while pregnant. Kids' leukemia risk tied to dads' smoking 2011-12-14T21:31:40Z X-ray body scanners, which use “backscatter” ionized radiation technology, emit enough radiation to theoretically damage DNA and cause cancer. Europe Bans Airport Body Scanners over "Health and Safety" Concerns 2011-11-16T04:55:35Z In July, the European Parliament passed a resolution that security “scanners using ionizing radiation should be prohibited” because of health risks. U.S. Glossed Over Cancer Concerns Associated with Airport X-ray Scanners 2011-11-01T20:45:00.500Z Another unique property of water is its power of ionizing dissolved substances, a property which makes it possible to produce electric currents in batteries. Climatic Changes Their Nature and Causes 2011-10-28T02:00:24.840Z But questions about lower doses remained, in part because the studies were extremely cumbersome; to rack up enough mutations to reach statistical significance, scientists had to expose tens of thousands of flies to ionizing radiation. Attack on Radiation Geneticists Triggers Furor 2011-10-18T20:32:09Z Formaldehyde, ionizing radiation and trichloroethylene were the only chemicals and agents used or detected on Samsung's lines that are known to be related to the cancers in question, Environ said. Samsung study rejects claims semiconductor plants caused cancers 2011-07-14T07:52:58Z The radiation ionizes the air within it, and the free charges are then drawn to and neutralize the charge on the leaves. Paris: City of Light and Cosmic Rays 2011-07-04T14:15:00.943Z But in the authoritative report on low doses of ionizing radiation, published in 2006, the National Academy of Sciences reviewed the research and concluded that the preponderance of research supported the linear link. U.S. Glossed Over Cancer Concerns Associated with Airport X-ray Scanners 2011-11-01T20:45:00.500Z Doom rode upon those ionized particles though, more certain than any Eradicator weapon. The fisherman 2011-06-29T17:21:28.750Z "For example, very low and high temperatures, exposure to high pressure or vacuum, as well as contact with organic solvents and ionizing radiation." Can the 'hardiest animal on Earth' survive off it? 2011-05-17T01:46:30Z SKA could chart the early universe's neutral hydrogen to peer into the cosmic dark ages, the time before luminous stars and galaxies emerged and ionized the intergalactic hydrogen. Array of Hope: Australia and South Africa Vie for Massive Radio Telescope Project 2011-05-09T17:15:00.260Z This would essentially protect the wires from the gas ionized by radiation, and any losses that occurred were presumably due to other inherent weaknesses in the system. Paris: City of Light and Cosmic Rays 2011-07-04T14:15:00.943Z James Cox, a radiation oncology professor at the MD Anderson Cancer Center in Houston, emphasized that we're surrounded by ionizing radiation all the time. Should Radiation from Japan Scuttle Spring Break in Hawaii? A Mom Agonizes 2011-04-20T14:00:00Z A dosimeter that measures exposure to ionizing radiation via the teeth is the furthest along. Dose Detectives: Device Analyzes Radiation Exposure through Teeth and Nails [Slide Show] 2011-04-15T11:45:00.253Z Though they certainly function to a preponderating extent, it has been shown that gaseous particles can act similarly, particularly when air is ionized. The New Gresham Encyclopedia Volume 4, Part 1: Deposition to Eberswalde 2011-04-14T02:00:57.977Z Millikan's charge carriers were minute oil drops, which were given elementary charges by means of ionizing rays from radium. The New Gresham Encyclopedia Volume 4, Part 2: Ebert to Estremadura 2011-04-14T02:00:56.200Z But missing from her analysis is any mention of the radioisotope polonium 210 — the most lethal component of tobacco and surely the most destructive ionizing radiation to which world populations are ordinarily exposed. Threats Big and Small (2 Letters) 2011-04-11T22:12:36Z One is the release of ionizing atomic radiation, which by endangering the health of rescue workers and ordinary civilians is likely to deepen the downturn and slow the recovery. Japan: Economic Aftershocks 2011-03-31T03:01:06Z Only one type of full-body airport scanner -- the backscatter X-ray machine -- expose individuals to ionizing radiation such as that used in common medical X-rays. Radiation from airport scanners very low: study 2011-03-28T21:06:04Z As with all ionizing radiation, exposure to tritium increases the risk of developing cancer. Japan's Nuclear Crisis: A Long-Term Challenge 2011-03-21T07:20:00Z It floored me to learn what science knows about the carcinogenicity of ionizing radiation. Poor Risk Communication In Japan is Making the Risk Much Worse. 2011-03-21T12:45:00.207Z For instance, Chumak and his colleagues developed a way to estimate doses people received by analyzing tooth enamel for effects of ionizing radiation. Radiation's Complications: Pinning Health Problems on a Nuclear Disaster Isn't So Easy 2011-03-16T20:45:00.297Z Workers would be at risk for illness or death because of high levels of gamma rays and other ionizing radiation. Wind and Rain Steer Radiation?s Reach 2011-03-16T01:46:43Z Type of radiation: The type of radiation of concern in the current situation is ionizing radiation, which is produced by spontaneously decaying heavy atoms, such as iodine-131 and cesium-137. How Radiation Threatens Health 2011-03-15T23:45:00.243Z But that’s to limit human exposure to ionizing radiation which, while dangerous, is less so than many of us presume. Beware the fear of Nuclear....FEAR! 2011-03-12T20:45:00.480Z Spectral signals of individual atoms—say, the light emitted when a hydrogen atom is ionized—do not show up as discrete, narrow spikes at a specific wavelength. Some supermassive black holes may not be so super after all 2011-02-18T21:45:02.483Z A tokamak is a doughnut shaped vessel in which the hydrogen gas is ionized, squeezed, and heated with intense magnetic fields until fusion takes place. U.K. Start-Up Aims to Cash in on Small Fusion Reactor 2011-02-17T18:33:55Z The MRI, which does not require ionizing radiation, is also used in diagnosing and staging cancers and pinpointing heart problems. The new wave of MRI-safe heart devices 2011-02-16T17:15:00.417Z Hefferlin’s chart reveals that certain properties of molecules—the distance between atoms and the energy required to ionize the molecule, for instance—occur in regular patterns. The Evolution of the Periodic System 2011-01-21T23:45:05.210Z According to one, a single “hit” by a pulse of ionizing radiation when the chromosomes are condensed for mitosis might lead to localized fragmentation. [Editors' Choice] Catastrophe in the Nucleus 2011-01-19T22:55:30.187Z Tina, Midwest USA In the last century, many childhood diseases were treated with ionizing radiation. Consults: The Long-Term Risks of Thyroid Cancer 2010-10-26T19:44:00Z They are cheaper to build and the ionized gas, or plasma, they produce tends to be more stable than in conventional machines. U.K. Start-Up Aims to Cash in on Small Fusion Reactor 2011-02-17T18:33:55Z The Foreign Ministry also alleged that some 1,500 sources of ionizing radiation were lost in the U.S. between 1996 and 2001. Russia accuses U.S. of loose weapons control 2010-08-07T21:12:00Z The anniversary image “not only shows a region of gas and dust rich in shapes, ionizing radiation, the sculpting effect of radiation and stellar winds, but it also contains two very impressive jets.” Hubble's New Instant Classic 2010-04-26T16:08:00Z X-rays are in the category of "ionizing radiation" -- that is, waves with enough energy to tear the electrons off atoms and break chemical bonds. 2010-02-02T05:00:00Z The only known risk factor is exposure to high doses of ionizing radiation, like what occurred in the bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki. 2010-01-19T06:55:00Z Solutions of electrolytes such as the ordinary salts, acids, and bases, which are ionized on solution, give values for the various constants of solution which do not accord with those required by theory. The Mechanism of Life In these the interest lies not in nuclear interactions but in the effect of ionizing radiation on living tissue. LRL Accelerators The 184-Inch Synchrocyclotron Inorganic materials, when dissolved in water, usually ionize very readily. The Chemistry of Plant Life Only way they can get back into the ship is by reflection from some ionized layer around the ship. The Hell Ship Potassium benzene iso-diazotate resembles the normal salt, but is more stable, and is more highly ionized. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 8, Slice 4 "Diameter" to "Dinarchus" It is moreover quite easy to diminish, or even entirely to suppress, the pain, by using a very dilute solution of an active ionized salt. The Mechanism of Life Ionization of Gases One of these phenomena is the power of forming ions or carriers of electricity by the passage of the rays through a gas, thus ionizing the gas. A Brief Account of Radio-activity When solutions containing ionized compounds are brought together, conditions for chemical interaction are ideal, and the reaction proceeds with such tremendous rapidity as to be completed almost instantaneously, in most cases. The Chemistry of Plant Life He told them that Sugar Plum was surrounded by an ionized layer impervious to DoItAll waves. Sugar Plum On this view the R�ntgen rays or other ionizing agent acting on the gas between the plates, produces positive and negative ions at a definite rate. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 6, Slice 8 "Conduction, Electric" Molecular Lowering of the Freezing Point.—For every substance whose solution is not ionized and therefore does not conduct electricity, the lowering of the freezing point is the same, viz. The Mechanism of Life These bends show where the ionizing ray, in this case an alpha particle, has been deflected by more or less direct collision with an atom. A Brief Account of Radio-activity Organic compounds, on the other hand, ionize only very slowly, if at all. The Chemistry of Plant Life The retrogression gun ionizes animal tissue, nerve cells particularly. Forget Me Nearly In one method air, exposed to some ionizing agent at one end of a long tube, is slowly sucked through the tube and the saturation current measured at different points along the tube. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 6, Slice 8 "Conduction, Electric" Obviously, the source is neutral hydrogen, which is to say hydrogen in its normal form, not ionized as we find it in plasma in a star's atmosphere. The Egyptian Cat Mystery They have a great ionizing power and a velocity about one-fifteenth that of light. A Brief Account of Radio-activity This property permits the existence in it simultaneously of materials having opposite electric charges, or the so-called ionization phenomena; hence, water is the best-known ionizing medium, and ionization favors chemical reactivity. The Chemistry of Plant Life Power for planetary use could be had more easily from the upper, ionized limits of atmospheres. The Hate Disease Perhaps the simplest of these consists in determining the relation between the current passing between two parallel plates immersed in ionized gas and the potential difference between the plates. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 6, Slice 8 "Conduction, Electric" Something to do with broadcasting tremendously high voltages, ionizing the air and causing rain clouds to form or reversing the process and scattering clouds back into thin air. Slaves of Mercury They show a strong deflection in magnetic and electric fields, have less ionizing power than the alpha rays, and a velocity of the same order as light. A Brief Account of Radio-activity The effects which salts produce in protoplasm are undoubtedly due to the fact that, when in solution, they readily ionize and conduct the electric current. The Chemistry of Plant Life The girl had only to press the trigger and a powerful current would leap along the path of those ionizing beams. In the Orbit of Saturn Charge on Ion.—By this method we can determine the number of ions per unit volume of an ionized gas. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 6, Slice 8 "Conduction, Electric" Greg smelled the smoke from Russ's pipe, mixed with the taint of lubricant and the faint lingering scent of ionized air. Empire They have the least ionizing power and a very great velocity. A Brief Account of Radio-activity The acid is a "weak" acid, being ionized only to a very slight extent in dilute aqueous solution. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 3, Part 1, Slice 1 "Austria, Lower" to "Bacon" With a startled curse the guard thudded to his feet, peered tensely into the darkness, his weapon sending twin milky beams of the powerful ionizing ray toward the source of the sound. In the Orbit of Saturn It is the same whether the gas ionized is hydrogen, air or carbonic acid, and thus is presumably independent of the nature of the gas. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 6, Slice 8 "Conduction, Electric" The beams had changed color, were bluish now, the typical color of ionized air. Empire Actually, it was simple enough, relatively speaking, since a virus is infinitely simpler in structure than a bacterium, and hence much easier to modify with ionizing radiation. Pandemic It had long been known that deep-penetrating ionizing radiation had that effect on an organism. Anything You Can Do ... Microwaves penetrated the mist of rapidly ionizing gases. The Aliens Now this accumulation of negative electricity will produce a large electric force on the anode side; this will drive corpuscles forward with great velocity and ionize the gas. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 6, Slice 8 "Conduction, Electric" In the beam of that projector, air became ionized. The Pirates of Ersatz Nobody ever tried to find one in ionized gases. Long Ago, Far Away Presently a missile found its target-seeking microwaves reflected by the ionized metal steam. Talents, Incorporated What is happening is that a stream of low-voltage electrons—cathode rays—in great quantity are meeting great quantities of sextuply ionized oxygen. The Ultimate Weapon Thus, in an ionized gas not exposed to an electric field, although we have recombination between the ions, we need not have luminosity. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 6, Slice 8 "Conduction, Electric" The smoke particles, naturally ionized, added their self-repulsion to the expansiveness of the explosive's gases. The Pirates of Ersatz First, the ionizing source of radiation—the primary star—was farther away from Eisberg than Sol was from Earth, which tended to reduce the total ionization. Unwise Child "It's getting dark in there despite the powerful light shed by the ionized air." Islands of Space All by themselves, those sextuply ionized oxygen atoms would have a good bit to say, but they don't really begin to talk till they start roaring for those electrons I'm feeding them. The Ultimate Weapon We can easily calculate the number of free ions at any time after the ionizing agent has commenced to act. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 6, Slice 8 "Conduction, Electric" Suddenly there was a circle of blue light about the shadow form, and a moment later the ionized air relapsed into normal condition as the pirate's apparatus broke down under the strain. The Black Star Passes Second, the upper atmosphere of Eisberg was pretty much pure hydrogen, which is somewhat easier to ionize than oxygen or nitrogen. Unwise Child It fell, a blazing wreck, but the ray touched a building behind it, and the ionized air established a conducting path between the ship and the planet. Islands of Space Their rays, before ionizing the air brilliantly red, were now dark. Invaders from the Infinite Diffusion of the Ions.—The ionized gas acts like a mixture of gases, the ions corresponding to two different gases, the non-ionized gas to a third. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 6, Slice 8 "Conduction, Electric" From the Solarite there darted a pale beam of ghostly light, faintly gray, tinged with red and green—the ionized air of the beam. The Black Star Passes A jet of highly ionized gas, moving through a magnetic field of the proper structure, will tend to pinch down, to become narrower, rather than to spread apart, as a jet of ordinary gas does. Unwise Child From the ship, a long pencil of rays, faintly violet from the air they ionized, reached out and touched the cliff. Islands of Space A great flame of ionized air was the only result. Invaders from the Infinite The R�ntgen rays to ionize the gas were produced by a bulb at O, the bulb and coil being in a lead-covered box, with an aluminium window through which the rays passed. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 6, Slice 8 "Conduction, Electric" That it didn't explode when ionized, showed the absence of hydro-oxygen mixture. The Black Star Passes Another method is plasma power, or power generated through the use of hot ionized gas. The Practical Values of Space Exploration Report of the Committee on Science and Astronautics, U.S. House of Representatives, Eighty-Sixth Congress, Second Session The drive unit would take water into itself, separate the ionized molecules, and expose them to an electric field. Tom Swift and the Electronic Hydrolung Suddenly the energy flared out violently, a terrific burst of energy, ionizing the air in the entire room, and shooting it with tiny, burning sparks. Invaders from the Infinite The rays on their way to the phosphorescent screen have to pass through gas which is ionized by the passage through it of the positive rays; this gas will therefore contain free corpuscles. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 6, Slice 8 "Conduction, Electric" All wireless communication had to be abandoned, owing to the ionizing of the atmosphere, and up to the time this edition went to press had not been resumed. The Man Who Rocked the Earth The air became acrid with the sharp odor of ionized air. The Revolt on Venus Some of their elements had to be buried in plastic because otherwise they ionized the air and leaked current like a short. Operation Terror Finally, as Thett's forces had planned, they came to one of the ionized layer ray-screen stations that was still projecting its cone of protective screening to the layer above. Invaders from the Infinite Certain ultra-violet rays also ionize the air and cause the formation of ozone. Artificial Light Its Influence upon Civilization Thomson's interpretation—Ionized gas not obedient to Ohm's law—Discharge of charged conductors by ionized gas. The New Physics and Its Evolution Accordingly, radiation injury is used in this report to mean injury due only to ionizing radiation. The Atomic Bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki Lockley knew that sharp points, when charged electrically, make tiny jets of ionized air which will deflect a candle flame. Operation Terror They have devised a new and very ionized layer as a conductor. Invaders from the Infinite If energetic betas pass sufficiently close to atomic nuclei, they can produce X-rays which themselves can ionize additional neutral atoms. Worldwide Effects of Nuclear War: Some Perspectives They have about a hundred times less ionizing power than the alpha rays. The New Physics and Its Evolution It was concluded that persons exposed to the bombs at the time of detonation did show effects from ionizing radiation and that some of these patients, otherwise uninjured, died. The Atomic Bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki The fact was, of course, that ionized air is more or less conductive. Operation Terror A molecular ray reached out—and disappeared in flaring ions on a shield utterly impenetrable in the ionizing atmosphere. Invaders from the Infinite A single particle of radiation can ionize hundreds of neutral atoms in the tissue in multiple collisions before all its energy is absorbed. Worldwide Effects of Nuclear War: Some Perspectives On the other hand, their ionizing power is 10,000 times less than that of the alpha rays. The New Physics and Its Evolution The physical reason for this is that the incredibly tenuous ionized gas which does the reflecting has a molasses-like viscosity. The Dawn of Amateur Radio in the U.K. and Greece: a personal view It is apparent that metallic salts of organic acids would, in aqueous solution, be ionized, the positive ion being the metal, and the negative ion the acid residue. The Project Gutenberg Encyclopedia Volume 1 of 28 Evidences of a cyclonic tendency have been found, and Professor Hale has proved that sun-spots are strong magnetic fields, and consist of columns of ionized vapors rotating in opposite directions in the two hemispheres. Curiosities of the Sky The biological effects of all forms of ionizing radiation have been calculated within broad ranges by the National Academy of Sciences. Worldwide Effects of Nuclear War: Some Perspectives Does the feeble electric conductivity always observed in the air contained within the walls of an electroscope depend on ionizing radiations from the material of the walls themselves? Darwin and Modern Science Massless but energetic gamma rays can knock electrons out of neutral atoms in the same fashion as X-rays, leaving them ionized. Worldwide Effects of Nuclear War: Some Perspectives This disrupts the chemical bonds for critically important cell structures like the cytoplasm, which carries the cell's genetic blueprints, and also produces chemical constituents which can cause as much damage as the original ionizing radiation. Worldwide Effects of Nuclear War: Some Perspectives |
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