| 单词 | ionisation |
| 例句 | Their observations revealed distinct increases in H3+ density in Uranus's atmosphere with little change in temperature, consistent with ionisation caused by the presence of an infrared aurora. Uranus aurora discovery offers clues to habitable icy worlds 2023-10-26T04:00:00Z The flare created two enormous "ionisation cones" that sliced through the Milky Way. Milky Way's centre exploded 3.5 million years ago 2019-10-06T04:00:00Z His prototype, which also sits on the handlebar, inhales polluted air, cleans it using positive ionisation, and releases the purified air back in a cloud around the cyclist. Vietnam students invent air cleaning bicycle 2019-03-29T04:00:00Z This should correspond to the billion-year stoppage in galaxy formation caused by the ionisation of hydrogen gas towards the end of the dark ages. Earliest galaxies found 'on our cosmic doorstep' 2018-08-16T04:00:00Z In gas-chromatography mode they separate the mixture on the basis of how long it takes each component in the mixture to travel through a very long and thin column to an ionisation chamber and detector. Life's Building-Block Chemicals Found on Comet by Lander 2015-07-31T04:00:00Z He had a miserable time, in cramped and cold accommodation, but astonishingly he converted part of his space in the overcrowded loft into a physics lab and performed experiments on ionisation. Voices from a WW1 prison camp 2014-08-24T04:00:00Z Weather prediction is clearly too complex for our brains/computers, e.g. are affects of the sun included, e.g. solar flares and ionisation? Why, oh why, does it keep raining? 2012-07-10T12:56:32Z That is probably because of the "ionisation" of the atmosphere by the action of sunlight. Marvels of Scientific Invention An Interesting Account in Non-technical Language of the Invention of Guns, Torpedoes, Submarine Mines, Up-to-date Smelting, Freezing, Colour Photography, and many other recent Discoveries of Science 2011-11-19T03:00:24.517Z For exercise I shall be permitted to walk along the passage each morning to the department where they dispense massage and ionisation. Cavalry of the Clouds Dissociation by the brute force of heat is already nearly superseded, in the thoughts of physicists, by the more delicate process of "ionisation." A Popular History of Astronomy During the Nineteenth Century Fourth Edition The ionisation effected by these rays is by no means uniform along the path of the ray. The Birth-Time of the World and Other Scientific Essays It is impossible to notice here all these researches, but from a recent and very interesting work of M. Blanc, it would seem that the phenomenon is allied to that of ionisation. The New Physics and Its Evolution In the former, initial recombination may obscure the intense ionisation near the end of the range. The Birth-Time of the World and Other Scientific Essays We must note that such ionisation may be regarded as conferring potential chemical properties upon the molecules of the gas and upon the substance whence the electrons are derived. The Birth-Time of the World and Other Scientific Essays Before further consideration of the importance of the phenomenon of ionisation we must fix in our minds that the agent, which brings this about, is the ß-ray. The Birth-Time of the World and Other Scientific Essays But this evidently does not apply to the last 5 or 10 mms. of the range where the rate of ionisation and of the speed of the ray change most rapidly. The Birth-Time of the World and Other Scientific Essays The fact is very clearly interpreted by the theory of ionisation, since the greater the length of the gaseous column the greater must be the number of ions liberated. The New Physics and Its Evolution We must now return to the phenomenon of ionisation. The Birth-Time of the World and Other Scientific Essays But there are effects brought about by ionisation of more importance to the medical man than this. The Birth-Time of the World and Other Scientific Essays It is evident that if we were observing the ionisation along a sheaf of parallel rays, all starting with equal velocity, The Birth-Time of the World and Other Scientific Essays This is the cause, or at least an important contributory cause, of the decline in the ionisation near the end of the range, when the effects of a bundle of rays are being observed. The Birth-Time of the World and Other Scientific Essays Moreover, for the solution to remain in equilibrium, the vanished ions must be immediately replaced by others, and thus the state of ionisation of the electrolyte remains constant and its conductivity persists. The New Physics and Its Evolution It can be shown that the ionisation effected anywhere along the path of the ray is inversely proportional to the velocity of the ray at that point. The Birth-Time of the World and Other Scientific Essays In it the ionisation goes on increasing till it abruptly ceases altogether, with the entire loss of the initial kinetic energy of the particle. The Birth-Time of the World and Other Scientific Essays The energy of the ray is, indeed, found to be less efficient in producing ionisation in the smaller atomm. The Birth-Time of the World and Other Scientific Essays We have hitherto spoken in general terms of the fact that ionisation attends the passage of the ray. The Birth-Time of the World and Other Scientific Essays Causes which render the air a momentary conductor, such as electrical discharges, ionisation, etc., moreover naturally prevent the waves from passing, the ether thus losing its elasticity. The New Physics and Its Evolution We have said nothing as to the nature of the ionisation so produced. The Birth-Time of the World and Other Scientific Essays Much of the ionisation in gases is again undone by recombination before diffusion leads to the separation of the ions. The Birth-Time of the World and Other Scientific Essays This "initial recombination" is greatest towards the end of the path of the ray where the ionisation is a maximum. The Birth-Time of the World and Other Scientific Essays But in point of fact the ionisation due to an alpha ray is sui generis. The Birth-Time of the World and Other Scientific Essays The ionisation by flames, in particular, is fairly well known. The New Physics and Its Evolution In a gas the ions produced being much crowded together recombine rapidly; so rapidly that the actual ionisation may be quite concealed unless a sufficiently strong electric force is applied to separate them. The Birth-Time of the World and Other Scientific Essays This valuable additive law, however, cannot be applied in strictness to the amount of ionisation attending the ray. The Birth-Time of the World and Other Scientific Essays Bragg draws the conclusion, from this fact as well as from the notable increase of ionisation with loss of speed, that the ionisation is dependent upon the time the ray spends in the molecule. The Birth-Time of the World and Other Scientific Essays We must conclude that the effect of the ionisation due to the alpha ray has not been to alter fundamentally the conditions which give rise to the optical properties of the medium. The Birth-Time of the World and Other Scientific Essays It is therefore in tubes of rarefied gas that this ionisation by impact will be particularly felt. The New Physics and Its Evolution Here it may be so effective that the form of the curve is completely lost unless a very large electromotive force is used to separate the ions when the ionisation is being investigated. The Birth-Time of the World and Other Scientific Essays The ionisation due to X-rays or to friction will probably be quite unorganised, that due to light more or less stable according to the gradual and gentle nature of the forces at work. The Birth-Time of the World and Other Scientific Essays We see here a peculiarity of the ionisation effected by alpha rays. The Birth-Time of the World and Other Scientific Essays For it proves that in the mineral the alpha ray gives rise to the same increased ionisation towards the end of its range, as Bragg determined in the case of gases. The Birth-Time of the World and Other Scientific Essays This theory is furthermore closely allied to the theory of ionisation, and, like this latter, is based on the concept of the electron. The New Physics and Its Evolution Similar ionisation under electric forces enters, as we now believe, into all the chemical effects progressing in the galvanic cell, and, indeed, generally in ionised solutes. The Birth-Time of the World and Other Scientific Essays The gas also acquires other properties in virtue of its ionisation. The Birth-Time of the World and Other Scientific Essays By examining the conductivity of the gas at different points along the path of the ray, the ionisation at these points may be determined. The Birth-Time of the World and Other Scientific Essays |
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