| 单词 | ionic |
| 例句 | “Cool. Tell us how ionic bonds are formed and you can earn your freedom.” What If It's Us 2018-10-09T00:00:00Z Models for Donatella Versace’s latest co-ed collection walked through the ruins of a fallen, submerged civilization — its own Medusa logo having fallen to the sea floor amid crumbling ionic columns. Milan Fashion: Marni avenges lockdown with global video 2020-09-25T04:00:00Z Gilligan: You could pop out and hold them down and teach them about ionic bonds until they scream for mercy. Bryan Cranston, Aaron Paul, Vince Gilligan do a 'Breaking Bad' autopsy 2014-08-07T04:00:00Z One presidential might-have-been is in an elaborate mausoleum with ionic columns, but the name above the entrance is not his; it is that of his wealthy father-in-law. Green-Wood Cemetery, Where Presidential Aspirants Enjoy an Afterlife 2016-11-03T04:00:00Z “When I was looking for ionic characters in cinema that I might model myself after as Mildred, the only ones I could find were male,” the actress told journalists in Venice. Frances McDormand used John Wayne as model in small-town revenge drama 2017-09-04T04:00:00Z “When I was looking for ionic characters in cinema that I might model myself after as Mildred, the only ones I could find were male,” the actress told journalists in Venice. Frances McDormand used John Wayne as model in small-town revenge drama 2017-09-04T04:00:00Z It is believed that their new findings will enable the creation of batteries based on a novel chloride-based solid electrolyte that exhibits exceptional ionic conductivity. New designs for solid-state electrolytes may soon revolutionize the battery industry 2023-11-02T04:00:00Z While there have been efforts in tuning thermal conductivity, their performances have suffered due to reliance on moving parts, ionic motions, or liquid solution components. Researchers develop solid-state thermal transistor for better heat management 2023-11-02T04:00:00Z "Salt has a small ionic radius and can wedge itself between soil particles very easily," Kaushal said. Humans are disrupting natural 'salt cycle' on a global scale, new study shows 2023-10-31T04:00:00Z To do this, researchers placed the sample of magnetic material in a liquid with ionic conductivity and applied the voltage to the liquid via two platinum plates, without connecting any wires directly to the sample. Wireless device makes magnetism appear in non-magnetic materials 2023-10-30T04:00:00Z The base of the new fuel is an ionic liquid, which is a form of liquified salt. Scientists unveil fire-safe fuel 2023-09-28T04:00:00Z To make solid-state batteries practical for everyday use, it is crucial to develop materials with high ionic conductivity, robust chemical and electrochemical stability, and mechanical flexibility. New designs for solid-state electrolytes may soon revolutionize the battery industry 2023-11-02T04:00:00Z Because of their ionic bonding nature, halide perovskite crystal structures require significantly lower energy to form as compared to other material systems, explained Yang. Accelerating sustainable semiconductors with 'multielement ink' 2023-09-28T04:00:00Z This approach could be applied to other materials systems where the transport of species plays an important role, like the transport of ionic species between electrodes in batteries. Stabilizing precipitate growth at grain boundaries in alloys 2023-09-20T04:00:00Z Glia cells are found within tissues and are not excitable but help with myelination, ionic regulation and extracellular fluid. Fundamentals of Biology 2015-01-01T00:00:00Z Once in the lab, the team modified the ionic liquid's formula, replacing the chlorine with perchlorate. Scientists unveil fire-safe fuel 2023-09-28T04:00:00Z While previous research successfully led to sulfide and oxide-based solid electrolytes with high ionic conductivity, none of these materials fully met all these essential requirements. New designs for solid-state electrolytes may soon revolutionize the battery industry 2023-11-02T04:00:00Z Because positive and negative charges attract, these ions stay together and form an ionic bond, or a bond between ions. Concepts of Biology 2013-04-25T00:00:00Z The study results hint that ionic countdowns may be fundamental to life on Earth, Süel says. Electric Countdown Tells Sleeping Spores When to Wake Up 2022-12-29T05:00:00Z These minerals, along with the micronutrients, which are described below, also contribute to the plant’s ionic balance. Fundamentals of Biology 2015-01-01T00:00:00Z Theoretically, the ionic liquid fuel could be used in any type of vehicle. Scientists unveil fire-safe fuel 2023-09-28T04:00:00Z In the past, scientists have also explored chloride-based solid electrolytes, known for their superior ionic conductivity, mechanical flexibility, and stability at high voltages. New designs for solid-state electrolytes may soon revolutionize the battery industry 2023-11-02T04:00:00Z Unlike ionic bonds, covalent bonds do not dissociate in water. Concepts of Biology 2013-04-25T00:00:00Z In ionic solutions, such as salt water, both positive and negative charges move. College Physics for AP Courses 2015-08-12T00:00:00Z When the electronegativity difference is very large, as is the case between metals and nonmetals, the bonding is characterized as ionic. Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z An interesting property of the ionic liquid is that it can be mixed with conventional fuel and still behave the way it does on its own. Scientists unveil fire-safe fuel 2023-09-28T04:00:00Z They believed the reason trigonal chloride electrolytes can achieve low ionic conductivity is based on the variation of metal ion arrangements within the structure. New designs for solid-state electrolytes may soon revolutionize the battery industry 2023-11-02T04:00:00Z However, not all bonds between elements are ionic or covalent bonds. Concepts of Biology 2013-04-25T00:00:00Z The interior of the body has a much lower resistance than dry skin because of all the ionic solutions and fluids it contains. College Physics for AP Courses 2015-08-12T00:00:00Z For ionic bonds, the lattice energy is the energy required to separate one mole of a compound into its gas phase ions. Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z Electrons can be transferred, shared, or cause charge disparities between atoms to create bonds, including ionic, covalent, and hydrogen bonds, as well as van der Waals interactions. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z This was the first instance where the significance of the metal ions arrangement on a material's ionic conductivity was demonstrated. New designs for solid-state electrolytes may soon revolutionize the battery industry 2023-11-02T04:00:00Z Electrons can be donated or shared between atoms to create bonds, including ionic, covalent, and hydrogen bonds, as well as van der Waals interactions. Concepts of Biology 2013-04-25T00:00:00Z Proteins retain their shape because of forces that include ionic and covalent bonds, van der Waals forces, and hydrogen bonds. Miller & Levine Biology 2018-01-01T00:00:00Z When an ionic compound is composed of cations and anions of similar size in a 1:1 ratio, it typically forms a simple cubic structure. Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z Looking at Figure 2.7, can you infer which two groups together will form a strong ionic bond? Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z Building on these insights, the research team introduced strategies to design electrolytes in a way that mitigates these conflicting factors, ultimately leading to the successful development of a solid electrolyte with high ionic conductivity. New designs for solid-state electrolytes may soon revolutionize the battery industry 2023-11-02T04:00:00Z There may be ionic bonds formed between R groups on different amino acids, or hydrogen bonding beyond that involved in the secondary structure. Concepts of Biology 2013-04-25T00:00:00Z The main types of chemical bonds are ionic bonds and covalent bonds. Miller & Levine Biology 2018-01-01T00:00:00Z Show that the complete chemical equation, the total ionic equation, and the net ionic equation for the reaction represented by the equation give the same expression for the reaction quotient. Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z In the tertiary structure, various interactions, e.g., hydrogen bonds, ionic bonds, disulfide linkages, and hydrophobic interactions between R groups, contribute to the folding of the polypeptide into different three-dimensional configurations. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z A prime offering of the Gypsy Willow is the ionic foot bath detoxification, she said. West Virginia couple offering spiritual healing shop, cafe 2022-07-16T04:00:00Z They may bond either temporarily through ionic or hydrogen bonds, or permanently through stronger covalent bonds. Concepts of Biology 2013-04-25T00:00:00Z The oppositely charged ions are attracted to each other and form an ionic bond. Miller & Levine Biology 2018-01-01T00:00:00Z In PbCl2, the bonding is ionic, as indicated by its melting point of 501 °C. In PbCl4, the bonding is covalent, as evidenced by it being an unstable liquid at room temperature. Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z Many enzymes don’t work optimally, or even at all, unless bound to other specific non-protein helper molecules, either temporarily through ionic or hydrogen bonds or permanently through stronger covalent bonds. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z Walk-ins for the ionic foot detoxification are accepted, but appointments are recommended. West Virginia couple offering spiritual healing shop, cafe 2022-07-16T04:00:00Z Because water is polar, with slight positive and negative charges, ionic compounds and polar molecules can readily dissolve in it. Environmental Biology 2018-09-06T00:00:00Z Weak Interactions The strongest chemical bonds are ionic or covalent. Miller & Levine Biology 2018-01-01T00:00:00Z The compounds formed are crystalline, ionic hydrides that contain the hydride anion, H−, a strong reducing agent and a strong base, which reacts vigorously with water and other acids to form hydrogen gas. Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z Electrons can be transferred, shared, or cause charge disparities between atoms to create bonds, including ionic, covalent, and hydrogen bonds, as well as van del Waals interactions. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z Since negative and positive charges attract, sodium and chlorine ions stick together, creating an ionic bond. Physical Geology 2015-01-01T00:00:00Z Unlike most ionic bonds, covalent bonds do not dissociate in water. Environmental Biology 2018-09-06T00:00:00Z Special Properties of Water Hydrogen bonds are not as strong as covalent or ionic bonds, but hydrogen bonds give water many of its unique characteristics. Miller & Levine Biology 2018-01-01T00:00:00Z Ammonia also forms when ionic nitrides react with water. Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z Therefore, water is referred to as a solvent, a substance capable of dissolving other polar molecules and ionic compounds. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z Electrons can be thought of as being transferred from one atom to another in an ionic bond. Physical Geology 2015-01-01T00:00:00Z Electrons can be donated or shared between atoms to create bonds, including ionic, covalent, and hydrogen bonds. Environmental Biology 2018-09-06T00:00:00Z Water’s polarity gives it the ability to dissolve both ionic compounds and other polar molecules. Miller & Levine Biology 2018-01-01T00:00:00Z The net ionic equations for the reactions involving a magnesium salt, an aluminum salt, and a zinc salt are: Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z When ionic compounds are added to water, the individual ions react with the polar regions of the water molecules and their ionic bonds are disrupted in the process of dissociation. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z The bonds in a silica tetrahedron have some of the properties of covalent bonds and some of the properties of ionic bonds. Physical Geology 2015-01-01T00:00:00Z Such ionic substitutions in mineral crystals give rise to the great variety of minerals and are often responsible for differences in color and other properties within a group or family of minerals. An Introduction to Geology 2017-01-01T00:00:00Z These charges are often referred to as “partial charges” because the strength of the charge is less than one full electron, as would occur in an ionic bond. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z Sodium hydroxide is an ionic compound and melts without decomposition. Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z These include hydrophobic interactions, ionic bonding, hydrogen bonding and disulfide linkages. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z The structure of pyroxene is more “permissive” than that of olivine — meaning that cations with a wider range of ionic radii can fit into it. Physical Geology 2015-01-01T00:00:00Z These ions have similar ionic sizes, which allows many possible substitutions among them. An Introduction to Geology 2017-01-01T00:00:00Z Are the bonds between the atoms ionic or covalent? Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z Halides of the metals vary from ionic to covalent; halides of nonmetals are covalent. Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z However, not all bonds are ionic or covalent bonds. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z The hardness and lack of cleavage in quartz result from the strong covalent/ionic bonds characteristic of the silica tetrahedron. Physical Geology 2015-01-01T00:00:00Z Although the cations may freely substitute for each other in the crystal, they carry different ionic charges that must be balanced out in the final crystalline structure. An Introduction to Geology 2017-01-01T00:00:00Z Could two atoms of oxygen engage in ionic bonding? Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z In their lower oxidation states, the transition elements form ionic compounds; in their higher oxidation states, they form covalent compounds or polyatomic ions. Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z Explain the stimulatory or inhibitory effect of key ionic elements, Na+ and Cl-, on the electric potential of the post- synaptic membrane. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z Instead of water, ionogel polymers are inundated with an ionic liquid. New ‘Ionogels’ Are Tough, Stretchable and Easy to Make 2022-04-06T04:00:00Z If a Na+ ion substitutes for a Ca+2 ion, it creates an unequal charge that must be balanced by other ionic substitutions elsewhere in the crystal. An Introduction to Geology 2017-01-01T00:00:00Z These are ionic bonds, covalent bonds, and hydrogen bonds. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z No bond is ever 100% ionic, and the degree to which the electrons are evenly distributed determines many properties of the compound. Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z What makes ionic bonds different from covalent bonds? Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z But an ionic liquid does not assemble into a crystalline solid at room temperature. New ‘Ionogels’ Are Tough, Stretchable and Easy to Make 2022-04-06T04:00:00Z Note that ionic size is more important than ionic charge for substitutions to occur in solid solution series in crystals. An Introduction to Geology 2017-01-01T00:00:00Z An ionic bond is an ongoing, close association between ions of opposite charge. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z Transition metals in low oxidation states have lower electronegativity values than oxygen; therefore, these metal oxides are ionic. Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z An ionic bond involves the transfer of electrons whereas a covalent bond involves the van der Waals force of interaction. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z Interstellar gas refers to the mix of radiative, gaseous matter that exists in between star systems and galaxies; it mostly consists of hydrogen and helium in various forms, including ionic, atomic, and molecular. The Voyager 1 probe is now so far away that it can hear the background "hum" of interstellar space 2021-05-11T04:00:00Z Van der Waals bonds differ from covalent and ionic bonds, and exist here between the sandwiches, holding them together into a stack of sandwiches. An Introduction to Geology 2017-01-01T00:00:00Z Water is an essential component of life because it is able to break the ionic bonds in salts to free the ions. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z For example, nickel carbonate can be prepared from solutions of nickel nitrate and sodium carbonate according to the following net ionic equation: Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z Based on this constraint on the total number of ions, connect this refined model based on ratios of ion concentration rather than absolute ionic concentrations to the modern concept of shared ancestry. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z While the ionic filtration technology isn’t a huge plus, it also won’t produce significant ozone, as tested by the California EPA. The best air purifiers to get — before another crisis 2020-09-29T04:00:00Z Models for Donatella Versace’s latest co-ed collection walked through the ruins of a fallen, submerged civilization - its own Medusa logo having fallen to the sea floor amid crumbling ionic columns. Milan Fashion: Marni avenges lockdown with global video 2020-09-25T04:00:00Z Because water molecules are polar, with regions of positive and negative electrical charge, water readily dissolves ionic compounds and polar covalent compounds. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z The formula mass for an ionic compound is calculated in the same way as the formula mass for covalent compounds: by summing the average atomic masses of all the atoms in the compound’s formula. Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z Figure 2.11 In the formation of an ionic compound, metals lose electrons and nonmetals gain electrons to achieve an octet. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z The key is molten salts called ionic liquids: an abrupt temperature change causes electrons to migrate within the liquids, creating electrical energy that triggers electrodes to send the signal. Cheap, Self-Powered Fire Sensor Could Sound an Early Alarm 2020-08-28T04:00:00Z A lens is fixed over an aperture in an ‘eyeball’, which consists of a metal shell at the front, an artificial retina at the back and an ionic liquid in the middle. Artificial eye boosted by hemispherical retina 2020-05-19T04:00:00Z The opposite charges of cations and anions exert a moderately strong mutual attraction that keeps the atoms in close proximity forming an ionic bond. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z Keep in mind, however, that the formula for an ionic compound does not represent the composition of a discrete molecule, so it may not correctly be referred to as the “molecular mass.” Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z These bonds are stronger and much more common than ionic bonds in the molecules of living organisms. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z Mass spectrometry identifies molecules on the basis of their mass and ionic charge. Exposed: cells’ sugary secrets 2020-03-15T04:00:00Z The chamber is filled with an ionic liquid that mimics the vitreous humour — the gel that fills the space between the lens and the retina in the human eye. Artificial eye boosted by hemispherical retina 2020-05-19T04:00:00Z The table salt you sprinkle on your food owes its existence to ionic bonding. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z This approach is perfectly acceptable when computing the formula mass of an ionic compound. Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z These bonds—along with ionic, covalent, and hydrogen bonds—contribute to the three-dimensional structure of the proteins in our cells that is necessary for their proper function. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z Nobel laureate Linus Pauling’s ‘rules’ that describe the preferred crystal structures adopted by ionic compounds are more like loose guidelines. Daily briefing: Linus Pauling’s chemistry rules are ‘more like loose guidelines’ 2020-02-25T05:00:00Z Lastly, the authors note that the response and recovery times of their device are reduced at higher concentrations of the ionic liquid, but at the expense of light transmission through the liquid. Artificial eye boosted by hemispherical retina 2020-05-19T04:00:00Z Large polar or ionic molecules, which are hydrophilic, cannot easily cross the phospholipid bilayer. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z The net ionic equation representing this reaction is: Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z Although remarkably effective, the modelling analysis does not consider further possible complexities, such as the effects of ionic species that dwell in the PBA pores. Ordered absences observed in porous framework materials 2020-02-11T05:00:00Z The field penetrability is proportional to the strength of ionic bonds in the substrate material8. A platform for making and transferring oxide films 2020-02-04T05:00:00Z While ionic technology and ceramic heating elements help today's hairdryers to do a faster job, even a £300 Dyson model takes minutes rather than seconds to finish. Blade Runner's vision of tech in November 2019 2019-11-01T04:00:00Z Once inside mucosal cells, ionic iron binds to the protein ferritin, creating iron-ferritin complexes that store iron until needed. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z Unlike ionic hydroxides, some compounds produce hydroxide ions when dissolved by chemically reacting with water molecules. Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z But the estate, graced with ionic columns and formal gardens, arrives on the market in the midst of a downturn. Bel-Air estate lists for the highest price in America: $225 million 2019-10-16T04:00:00Z Those same ionic pals help your hair dry 60% faster, creating a fresh, bouncy style in a flash. From Salon Marketplace: Get bouncy, shiny hair for 53% off 2019-09-03T04:00:00Z In this case, the leftover products—that oily smudge that was once the test glider—primarily consist of the ionic liquids with which the researchers treated the polymer. Disappearing Plastics Stay Strong in the Shadows and Melt Away in the Sun 2019-08-26T04:00:00Z Calcium—Blood levels of ionic calcium determine the absorption of dietary calcium. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z In what circumstance would the complete and net ionic equations for a reaction be identical? Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z Brophy wants it to travel 20 times faster than the Dawn spacecraft’s ionic propulsion system—whose development he led—for a speed of around 200 kilometers per second. The Good Kind of Crazy: The Quest for Exotic Propulsion 2019-07-29T04:00:00Z The facade was fronted with four classical ionic columns that looked west to Elliott Bay from its elevated knoll. The Metropolitan Theatre set the stage for an Olympic expansion 2018-11-15T05:00:00Z To reach Mercury, deep in the Sun’s gravitational well, BepiColombo will use advanced, solar-powered ionic thrusters combined with gravitational assists from a total of nine fly-bys of Earth, Venus and Mercury itself. Daily briefing: Insect populations are crashing even in lush, protected tropical rainforests 2018-10-15T04:00:00Z Most minerals are ionized, and their ionic forms are used in physiological processes throughout the body. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z Many ionic crystals also have high melting points. Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z Gracious rocking chair porch, ionic columns, balcony, original floor and woodworking, chef’s kitchen with island, in-ground poll, gazebo. Inside the Beltway: Fox News authors dominate NYT bestsellers 2018-08-02T04:00:00Z To minimize that competition, he opted for what's called an ionic liquid electrolyte. Ammonia—a renewable fuel made from sun, air, and water—could power the globe without carbon 2018-07-12T04:00:00Z The columns are examples of the Greek ionic order. Following the campus-to-campus course of the UW columns 2018-04-19T04:00:00Z A synergistic system for lithium–oxygen batteries in humid atmosphere integrating a composite cathode and a hydrophobic ionic liquid-based electrolyte. A lithium–oxygen battery with a long cycle life in an air-like atmosphere 2018-03-20T04:00:00Z Consider the example of an ionic compound dissolving in water. Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z Another muscle design is made from stretchy, ionic conductors with a liquid pocket inside. This Artificial Muscle Costs 10 Cents to Make. And It’s As Strong As an Elephant. 2018-01-05T05:00:00Z Among the lust objects on sale are crystal tumblers inlaid with gilt letters and symbols; ionic column-pottery candlesticks; and needlework cushions in geometric patterns. A Walking Tour of London’s Most Literary Quarter—with Pub Stops 2017-12-25T05:00:00Z Palytoxin jams the pump, throwing ion ratios out of whack. “This sustained ionic imbalance condition leads to cell death,” Tubaro said. Homegrown coral reefs are beautiful — and potentially dangerous 2017-07-28T04:00:00Z “It’s been a really good way to understand ionic compounds and bonds and all the things you can do with chemistry,” Jarret Haven, 16, said of studying “The Martian.” Andy Weir’s Best Seller ‘The Martian’ Gets a Classroom-Friendly Makeover 2017-02-24T05:00:00Z A common example of this type of ionic compound is sodium chloride, commonly known as table salt. Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z Shufeng Song at Chongqing University in China and his colleagues developed a hybrid solid electrolyte for sodium batteries by combining solid polyethylene oxide, sodium perchlorate and silica with an ionic liquid. Energy: Sodium battery packs a punch : Nature : Nature Research 2017-03-21T04:00:00Z These electrolytes, called “ionic liquids,” need a lot more heat to form flammable gas, says Surya Moganty, a chemical engineer who is the chief technology officer of Nohms Technology. The science behind exploding phone batteries 2016-09-08T04:00:00Z This nationally admired clearing houses the four original ionic columns that connect the entire campus to its beginning in Seattle and to Western civilization. UW reactor building: No other room on campus to expand 2016-06-19T04:00:00Z Voltage from an external power source drives the whole ionic mass migration, storing power. How to build a better battery through nanotechnology 2016-05-26T04:00:00Z Under most conditions, ionic compounds will dissociate nearly completely when dissolved, and so they are classified as strong electrolytes. Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z DNA strands in the pore disrupts ionic flow, resulting in detectable changes in current that is dependent on the nucleotide sequence. Real-time, portable genome sequencing for Ebola surveillance : Nature : Nature Publishing Group 2016-02-02T05:00:00Z Half of all drugs sold are salts3 that are held together by ionic bonds, among other forces. Chemistry: Develop ionic liquid drugs 2015-12-07T05:00:00Z Something of a hybrid, SolidEnergy's cell maximizes efficiency by using both a solid and an ionic liquid electrolyte — and works at room temperature. Technology: A solid future : Nature : Nature Publishing Group 2015-10-27T04:00:00Z This is why the Stanford researchers placed the aluminum anode, a graphite cathode and an ionic liquid electrolyte inside of a polymer-coated pouch. Stanford Researchers Created A Smartphone Battery That Charges In Only One Minute 2015-04-07T04:00:00Z Even sparingly, soluble ionic compounds are strong electrolytes, since the small amount that does dissolve will dissociate completely. Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z The perfume is made up of a raw fragrance that scientists 'tagged' on to an odourless ionic liquid, which is salt in the form of liquid. Queen's University develops perfume they say smells better as wearer sweats 2015-04-02T04:00:00Z Academic researchers are starting to study the subtleties of ionic bonding in the liquid state. Chemistry: Develop ionic liquid drugs 2015-12-07T05:00:00Z Flow cell refuelling is supposed to be easier, but the world's going to need a lot of convincing before it starts converting petrol stations into ionic refuelling centers. The Quant F is an electric supercar powered by quixotic ambition 2015-03-05T05:00:00Z It uses ionic liquids to produce electricity instead of electrolytes like traditional fuel cells, he said. 'Green supercar' unveiled in Geneva 2015-03-03T05:00:00Z Reviewing these data indicates a general trend of increasing solubility with temperature, although there are exceptions, as illustrated by the ionic compound cerium sulfate. Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z Kim and her co-workers solved this problem by using an ionic liquid as the electrolyte. Glass Switches From Transparent to Reflective Without Drawing On Power [Video] 2014-10-16T04:00:00Z Many of the problems facing ionic liquid pharmaceuticals are shared with nanotechnology: toxicity, relative expense and a need for new terminology. Chemistry: Develop ionic liquid drugs 2015-12-07T05:00:00Z The researchers made their ionic liquids using furfural, vanillin and p-anisaldehyde, which are aromatic aldehydes derived from lignin and cellulose. Recycled Biofuel Byproducts Could Make Biofuels Even Greener 2014-08-27T04:00:00Z The next step for Mitragotri and his team will be to expand the panel of target bacteria and test ionic liquids in vivo. Liquid salts by-pass skin to treat infections 2014-08-24T04:00:00Z Dissolution of an ionic compound is facilitated by ion-dipole attractions between the ions of the compound and the polar water molecules. Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z By fabricating these sheets into electrodes and adding an ionic liquid as the electrolyte, his team made supercapacitors which operate at a broad range of temperatures and a high energy density. Hemp fibres 'better than graphene' 2014-08-13T04:00:00Z Designing ionic liquids based on pharmaceuticals already approved by the FDA is a good place to start. Chemistry: Develop ionic liquid drugs 2015-12-07T05:00:00Z The most expensive part of the process so far, considering their source material is a by-product of the state’s seafood industry, is the ionic liquid, according to Gurau. Researchers aim to find new uses for shrimp shells 2014-07-30T04:00:00Z Gilmore adds that ionic liquids such as those described might be attractive candidates for increasing the activity of conventional antibiotics, including some that are no longer regarded as clinically useful. Liquid salts by-pass skin to treat infections 2014-08-24T04:00:00Z Lower electronegativity is characteristic of the more metallic elements; hence, the metallic elements form ionic hydroxides that are by definition basic compounds. Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z Another chemist, Ken Seddon of the Queen’s University of Belfast, Northern Ireland, showcased a remarkable way to scrub toxic mercury from natural gas using a new class of fluids called “ionic liquids.” Stem Cell Teeth Grow at a Science Soiree Chemists will need to learn more about the spectrum of interactions in ionic liquids, how to engineer ionic bonds, and how the choice of ions changes the chemical, physical and biological properties of ionic compounds. Chemistry: Develop ionic liquid drugs 2015-12-07T05:00:00Z A balance in performance was achieved by producing a bicontinuous structure comprising an epoxy resin for its mechanical properties and an ionic liquid for ionic conduction. Car Outsides Made to Power Auto Insides 2014-07-01T04:00:00Z After additional tests for skin toxicity and irritation, one ionic liquid — choline geranate — emerged as a multipurpose vehicle, showing antimicrobial activity, minimal toxicity and enhanced delivery of the broad-spectrum antibiotic cefadroxil. Liquid salts by-pass skin to treat infections 2014-08-24T04:00:00Z List, in order of descending concentration, all of the ionic and molecular species present in a 1-M aqueous solution of this acid. Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z Seddon stresses the potential of these designer solvents is huge: “While there are 300 conventional molecular solvents used in industry, there are over a trillion available ionic liquids.” Stem Cell Teeth Grow at a Science Soiree For industry, the most important question is how ionic liquid pharmaceuticals will be defined and regulated. Chemistry: Develop ionic liquid drugs 2015-12-07T05:00:00Z Feel the ionic charge of the air around you and that electricity continuing in through your body. Your Brain on Yoga: The Complete Breath 2013-10-16T13:35:00Z Normally, the gene encodes an SLC12A2 protein important in maintaining proper ionic balance and cell volume. Inner Ear Dysfunction Linked to Hyperactivity 2013-09-16T13:17:48.947Z List, in order of descending concentration, all of the ionic and molecular species present in a 1-M aqueous solution of this base. Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z Seddon’s team, the biggest of its kind on the planet, has also developed a suite of ionic liquids capable of capturing carbon dioxide from power-station flue gases as well as deep-sea oil wells. Stem Cell Teeth Grow at a Science Soiree Tests of more ionic liquids and drug combinations are needed, with a wider variety of forms. Chemistry: Develop ionic liquid drugs 2015-12-07T05:00:00Z Listen to stories on the social learning of bird migration, stretchable and transparent ionic conductors, fecal transplants, and more. [Podcast] Science Podcast: 30 August Show 2013-08-29T18:25:55.960Z The saliva was acting as the ionic liquid. How much of the science in Breaking Bad is real? 2013-08-16T00:25:19Z They include the most reactive and least reactive of elements, and they form many different ionic and covalent compounds. Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z He realized the ionic bond linking ammonium and nitrate was rather weak, and so he sought a readily available compound that could break it apart and then recombine it into something inert. At War Blog: One Man’s Attempt to Create a Fertilizer Compound That Won’t Explode 2013-06-24T14:10:25Z Classification systems that encompass the varying degrees of ionic bonding should be defined, and methods for assessing the purity of ionic liquids need to be developed. Chemistry: Develop ionic liquid drugs 2015-12-07T05:00:00Z However, this ‘ionic lock’ is not a conserved feature of the inactive conformation of all GPCRs and has been observed to be conformationally plastic, thus implicating this region in basal activity of receptors. Molecular signatures of G-protein-coupled receptors 2013-02-13T18:21:29.900Z So consumers should be wary of personal ozone generators marketed by manufacturers as ionic air purifiers. David Blaine's Electrical Stunt Could Create Harmful Ozone 2012-10-06T01:15:00.267Z The nonmetals have higher electronegativities than do metals, and compounds formed between metals and nonmetals are generally ionic in nature because of the large differences in electronegativity between them. Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z Just like ammonium nitrate, iron sulfate molecules are a weak ionic pairing. At War Blog: One Man’s Attempt to Create a Fertilizer Compound That Won’t Explode 2013-06-24T14:10:25Z Fine distinctions in ionic bonds may be controlled. Chemistry: Develop ionic liquid drugs 2015-12-07T05:00:00Z Each polymer forms networks using different types of chemical bond: alginate molecules are linked together by ionic bonds, and polyacrylamide molecules by stronger covalent bonds. Super-Stretchy Hydrogel Can Take a Hit 2012-09-06T15:15:00.227Z The structure of the protein is then determined by an energy-minimization algorithm that uses ionic bonds, hydrogen bonds, and the hydrophobic effect to fold the protein on a two-dimensional hexagonal lattice. [Essay] IBI* Series Winner: Aipotu: Simulation from Nucleotides to Populations and Back Again 2012-07-26T17:55:45.303Z The common oxidation states that the nonmetals exhibit in their ionic and covalent compounds are shown in Figure 18.19. Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z And the “ionic” moment Bobby Orr provided for the Bruins. Boston mayor celebrates Celtics’ “KJ” and “Hondo,” not KG and Rondo (video) 2012-06-07T18:20:49Z Chemists in academia and industry need to find techniques for proving the structure and purity of ionic liquids. Chemistry: Develop ionic liquid drugs 2015-12-07T05:00:00Z Their insight, known as the ionic hypothesis, solved one of the leading questions in brain science at the time. Andrew Huxley, Nobel-Winning Physiologist, Dies at 94 2012-06-04T18:47:19Z Graphene is impervious to the harsh ionic solutions found in the human body. Bioelectronics: The bionic material 2012-03-14T22:50:46.020Z One method is by the action of an acid on an ionic phosphide. Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z In the latter, the ionic gasses fire in a focused stream in a direction perpendicular to the accretion disk surrounding a black hole. The Smallest Known Black Hole Has 20 Million Mile Per Hour Winds 2012-02-22T05:10:11Z They argue that geothermally active pools are the only places on earth where potassium, zinc, magnesium and phosphate are found in high enough quantities to explain the ionic content of cells. Did life evolve in a `warm little pond'? 2012-02-16T22:15:00.257Z Beyond this, the ionic hypothesis gave scientists a framework for studying the cells that make up the nervous system. Andrew Huxley, Nobel-Winning Physiologist, Dies at 94 2012-06-04T18:47:19Z Just within the doorway of the church, now alas thickly coated with whitewash, is an ionic column belonging to some building of importance which must have stood within the Forum. The Story of Assisi 2012-01-14T03:00:18.710Z Examples of net ionic equations for the reactions are: Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z What is clear about Lenny, though, is that despite its small size, it produces fearsome winds of ionic gasses near its disk. The Smallest Known Black Hole Has 20 Million Mile Per Hour Winds 2012-02-22T05:10:11Z He's one of the few truly global ionic athletes, but only a few brands can really match him. Michael Phelps ahead of opposition with London Olympic deal 2011-11-15T07:03:07Z The ionic liquids are solutions of charged molecules that bind to the carbon compounds, drastically lowering the energy required for the reaction. Novel Methods Store Sunshine as Fuel 2011-10-06T19:45:00.237Z But Masel, Kenis, and colleagues found that when they use a type of solvent for CO2 in their setup called an ionic liquid, it reduces the extra voltage needed approximately 10-fold. Solar Fuels Take Two Steps Forward 2011-09-29T19:01:00Z The net ionic reaction involves hydroxide ion and carbon dioxide: Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z “Monolithic fabrication of ionic polymer-metal composite actuators capable of complex deformation.” Synchronized swimming: patrolling for pollution with robotic fish 2011-09-19T14:45:00.233Z One weapon in the chemist's arsenal is a solvent called an ionic liquid. Lignocellulose: A chewy problem 2011-06-22T21:50:42.223Z A sarcophagus of grey sandstone stood near it, resting on small clumsy pillars, with ionic headpieces, which again rested on quaint ugly stone-animals. Ekkehard. Vol. II (of II). A Tale of the Tenth Century 2011-04-14T02:00:45.217Z These solutions do not conduct electricity, and hence ionic effects are extremely slow. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 9, Slice 3 "Electrostatics" to "Engis" 2011-02-06T03:00:53.093Z A salt is an ionic compound composed of cations and anions, other than hydroxide or oxide ions. Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z Thus, the ratio of the losses at the two ends is two to one—the same as the ratio of the assumed ionic velocities. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 9, Slice 2 "Ehud" to "Electroscope" 2011-01-29T03:00:23.777Z Chemist Brad Holmes and his colleagues at the Joint BioEnergy Institute in Emeryville, California, are using ionic liquids to dissolve crystalline cellulose and then reconstitute it as an easier-to-handle amorphous solid. Lignocellulose: A chewy problem 2011-06-22T21:50:42.223Z Then he got on to calories and ionic balancing. Fancy a go at the Tour de France? 2010-07-23T23:04:00Z At a ceremony last month to unveil a statue of Bruins Hall of Famer Bobby Orr, Menino referred to some of the "ionic" sporting moments in Boston history, including "Varitek splitting the uprights." Beat LA? Not recently at home for the Celtics 2010-06-10T01:46:00Z In particular, the same types of reactions that are used to prepare salts of the main group metals can be used to prepare simple ionic salts of these elements. Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z There is reason to believe that in certain cases such complex ions do exist, and interfere with the results of the differing ionic velocities. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 9, Slice 2 "Ehud" to "Electroscope" 2011-01-29T03:00:23.777Z Holmes' group is investigating boronic acid as a possible solution to getting the sugars out without destroying the ionic liquids, but the technology is still young. Lignocellulose: A chewy problem 2011-06-22T21:50:42.223Z Of course, he also called it an “ionic” moment, which caused even the Bobby Orr statue he was dedicating to roll its eyes at him. Leading Off: While Griffey Was Sleeping 2010-05-11T16:06:00Z Boston’s mayor, Thomas Menino, may need to brush up on his city’s sports history before publicly saluting any more of its “ionic” moments. | Pro Football: Was It Varitek or Vinatieri? 2010-05-11T04:20:00Z The hydrogen atom in the functional group of a carboxylic acid will react with a base to form an ionic salt: Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z Diffusion of Electrolytes and Contact Difference of Potential between Liquids.—An application of the theory of ionic velocity due to W. Nernst7 and M. Planck8 enables us to calculate the diffusion constant of dissolved electrolytes. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 9, Slice 2 "Ehud" to "Electroscope" 2011-01-29T03:00:23.777Z But the critical step in this process — recovering the sugars from the ionic liquids — has proved challenging. Lignocellulose: A chewy problem 2011-06-22T21:50:42.223Z Boston Mayor Thomas Menino might need to brush up on his city's sports history before he publicly saluting any more of its "ionic" moments. Boston mayor confuses city's `ionic' sport moments 2010-05-10T21:49:00Z Hence we may conclude that the conductivity of any salt is an ionic property. The Mechanism of Life Sodium chloride is an ionic compound composed of sodium cations, Na+, and chloride anions, Cl−, combined in a 1:1 ratio. Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z On the theory that the phenomena are wholly due to unequal ionic velocities this result would mean that the cation like the anion moved against the conventional direction of the current. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 9, Slice 2 "Ehud" to "Electroscope" 2011-01-29T03:00:23.777Z Raines' research group has developed a system that uses an ionic liquid consisting of N,N-dimethylacetamide and lithium chloride, which can dissolve cellulose without altering its chemical structure. Lignocellulose: A chewy problem 2011-06-22T21:50:42.223Z May there not be molecular, atomic, even ionic forces of which we have not dreamed? The Social Gangster We have already said that most of the therapeutic, toxic, and caustic actions of an electrolyte are due to ionic action, and the substances can therefore have no toxic action unless they are dissociated. The Mechanism of Life The properties of ionic compounds shed some light on the nature of ionic bonds. Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z Now Hittorf’s transport number, in the case of simple salts in moderately dilute solution, gives us the ratio between the two ionic velocities. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 9, Slice 2 "Ehud" to "Electroscope" 2011-01-29T03:00:23.777Z Further evidence, pointing in the same direction, is furnished by the fact that since the conductivity is proportional to the concentration at great dilution, the equivalent-conductivity, and therefore the ionic velocity, is independent of it. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 6, Slice 8 "Conduction, Electric" Overhead the ionic field was aglow, humming softly, beating back the obscurant mists. One Purple Hope! The various chemical reactions of an electrolyte are all ionic reactions, the chemical activity of an electrolytic solution being proportional to its electric conductivity, i.e. the degree of dissociation of its ions. The Mechanism of Life Most ionic solids, however, dissolve readily in water. Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z "It would have opened with a purée of split-molecule soup, continued with an entrée of breaded electrons, and closed with an ionic café." Astounding Stories of Super-Science, August 1930 The coefficient of ionization usually, though not always, decreases; the specific ionic velocities increase. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 6, Slice 8 "Conduction, Electric" Susan had majored in ionic chemistry and had graduated with high honors. Be It Ever Thus With the absence of dissociation all the ionic toxic and caustic effects also disappear entirely, and only re-appear as the water of the tissue is able slowly to effect the necessary dissociation. The Mechanism of Life When it is large, the bond is polar covalent or ionic. Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z It is this "wish" which transforms the principal doctrines of psychology and recasts the science, much as the "atomic theory" and later the "ionic theory" have reshaped earlier conceptions of chemistry. Introduction to the Science of Sociology Thus acetic acid and ammonia give solutions of much lower conductivity than is indicated by the sum of the specific ionic velocities of their ions as determined from other compounds. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 6, Slice 8 "Conduction, Electric" And they've got a stockpile of ionic bombs ready at all times in case we get out of hand. Dead World This ionic separation is a fertile agent of chemical transformation in the living organism, and may be the determinant cause in those chemical reactions which constitute the phenomena of nutrition. The Mechanism of Life A rough approximation of the electronegativity differences associated with covalent, polar covalent, and ionic bonds is shown in Figure 7.8. Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z Under fluorescent lights, he was threading wire through miniature grommets, hurrying to complete the full-size ionic drive. The Planet Strappers Thus, taking the specific ionic velocity of hydrogen as 0.00032 cm. per second, we can find, by determining the conductivity of dilute solutions of any acid, the specific velocity of the acid radicle involved. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 6, Slice 8 "Conduction, Electric" We don't have ionic weapons, that's part of the agreement and they watch us. Dead World Out front, the stuff was dead; back here, there was power coursing through the ionic veins and metallic nerves of the half-living machines. Unwise Child The best guide to the covalent or ionic character of a bond is to consider the types of atoms involved and their relative positions in the periodic table. Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z I further move that we have him order us a supply of stellene, and basic materials for at least three more ionic motors. The Planet Strappers By such methods W. Ostwald, G. Bredig and other observers have found the specific velocities of many ions both of inorganic and organic compounds, and examined the relation between constitution and ionic velocity. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 6, Slice 8 "Conduction, Electric" Not even me and I know a man can survive ionic weapons. Dead World True, we have things like NaCl solutions in ordinary H2O which will carry electricity, but here it's ionic conduction. The Black Star Passes Bonds between two nonmetals are generally covalent; bonding between a metal and a nonmetal is often ionic. Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z On a workbench, standing amid a litter of metal chips and scraps of color-coded wire, was the Bunch's second ionic, full-size this time, and almost finished. The Planet Strappers Now the rate of increase with temperature of these ionic velocities is very nearly identical with the rate of decrease of the viscosity of the liquid. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 6, Slice 8 "Conduction, Electric" I was aware that the Council would find us out sooner or later, they missed the ionic material a month ago. Dead World But again, glass is not a solid, but a viscous liquid, and it is again carried by ionic conduction. The Black Star Passes Some compounds contain both covalent and ionic bonds. Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z To the latter he now attached his full-size, sun-powered ionic motor. The Planet Strappers The peristyle fronting the rue des Charrettes is in the form of a quarter of a circle and is composed of columns of the ionic order. Rouen, It's History and Monuments A Guide to Strangers We could drift in space forever as cold and dead as we are now and our ionic power won't last forever. Dead World It has but very little ornament, but is an exceedingly chaste production, the columns of the portico are doric, and those of the interior are ionic. How to Enjoy Paris in 1842 Intended to Serve as a Companion and Monitor, Containing Historical, Political, Commercial, Artistical, Theatrical And Statistical Information However, these polyatomic ions form ionic compounds by combining with ions of opposite charge. Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z The sheaves had their own propelling ionic motors. The Planet Strappers The alpha ray carries a positive charge of double the ionic amount. The Birth-Time of the World and Other Scientific Essays A Council offense punishable by instant destruction with United Galaxies reserve ionic weapons in the hands of the super-secret police and disaster teams. Dead World The portal of the church was built in 1739, and is composed of columns of the ionic and corinthian orders. How to Enjoy Paris in 1842 Intended to Serve as a Companion and Monitor, Containing Historical, Political, Commercial, Artistical, Theatrical And Statistical Information In this section, you will learn about the bond strength of covalent bonds, and then compare that to the strength of ionic bonds, which is related to the lattice energy of a compound. Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z After ascending the first stairs, about 90 feet wide, and passing through all the colonnade of ionic style, was the garden where the ancient Romans used to grow their laurel, an image of glory. Final Report of the Louisiana Purchase Exposition Commission The ionic density is therefore high, and recombination very rapidly removes the ions after they are formed. The Birth-Time of the World and Other Scientific Essays The following brief statements concerning the ionic theory and a few of its applications are intended for reference in connection with the explanations which are given in the Notes accompanying the various procedures. An Introductory Course of Quantitative Chemical Analysis With Explanatory Notes The pillars on the different sides of this edifice comprise the four orders of doric, ionic, corinthian, and composite. How to Enjoy Paris in 1842 Intended to Serve as a Companion and Monitor, Containing Historical, Political, Commercial, Artistical, Theatrical And Statistical Information The following sections provide descriptions of the major types of crystalline solids: ionic, metallic, covalent network, and molecular. Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z These five forms are analogous to those recognized by modern physics: solid, liquid, gaseous, radiant and ionic. The Yoga Sutras of Patanjali: the Book of the Spiritual Man Consider molecular, complete ionic, and net ionic equations. Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z The impelling force which causes an element to pass from the atomic to the ionic condition is termed !electrolytic solution pressure!, or ionization tension. An Introductory Course of Quantitative Chemical Analysis With Explanatory Notes The entrance is by a triumphal arch, and a colonnade of the ionic order with two pavillions. How to Enjoy Paris in 1842 Intended to Serve as a Companion and Monitor, Containing Historical, Political, Commercial, Artistical, Theatrical And Statistical Information Many simple compounds formed by the reaction of a metallic element with a nonmetallic element are ionic. Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z Write complete and net ionic equations for this reaction. Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z In both cases, a larger magnitude for lattice energy indicates a more stable ionic compound. Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z Lattice energies calculated for ionic compounds are typically much higher than bond dissociation energies measured for covalent bonds. Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z The Chamber itself is a semi-circular hall with 24 white marble ionic columns and bronze capitals gilt. How to Enjoy Paris in 1842 Intended to Serve as a Companion and Monitor, Containing Historical, Political, Commercial, Artistical, Theatrical And Statistical Information The ionic end can be either a sulfate or a sulfonate. Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z For ionic compounds, lattice energies are associated with many interactions, as cations and anions pack together in an extended lattice. Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z Lattice energies are often calculated using the Born-Haber cycle, a thermochemical cycle including all of the energetic steps involved in converting elements into an ionic compound. Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z What information can you use to predict whether a bond between two atoms is covalent or ionic? Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z The front towards the court is adorned with eight coupled ionic columns, and above are figures of Justice, Prudence, Hope and Abundance. How to Enjoy Paris in 1842 Intended to Serve as a Companion and Monitor, Containing Historical, Political, Commercial, Artistical, Theatrical And Statistical Information Soluble ionic substances and strong acids ionize completely and are strong electrolytes, while weak acids and bases ionize to only a small extent and are weak electrolytes. Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z It is important to realize that values for ionic radii calculated from the edge lengths of unit cells depend on numerous assumptions, such as a perfect spherical shape for ions, which are approximations at best. Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z The main types of crystalline solids are ionic solids, metallic solids, covalent network solids, and molecular solids. Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z The anions in simple ionic structures commonly adopt one of these structures, and the cations occupy the spaces remaining between the anions. Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z Along the principal front is a flight of steps, and an arcade and portico with ionic columns, between the arches facing the entrance is a fine bronze statue of Louis XIV. How to Enjoy Paris in 1842 Intended to Serve as a Companion and Monitor, Containing Historical, Political, Commercial, Artistical, Theatrical And Statistical Information The solubility of ionic compounds may also be increased when dissolution is coupled to the formation of a complex ion. Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z For an atom in a compound, the oxidation number is equal to the charge the atom would have in the compound if the compound were ionic. Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z To illustrate this formalism, examples from the two compound classes, ionic and covalent, will be considered. Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z Simple ionic compounds present the simplest examples to illustrate this formalism, since by definition the elements’ oxidation numbers are numerically equivalent to ionic charges. Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z A salt is an ionic compound consisting of cations and anions. Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z Include the ionic reaction and the expression for Ksp in your answer. Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z As expected, these metals react with both acids and nonmetals to form ionic compounds. Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z Gallium, indium, and thallium also form ionic compounds containing M3+ ions. Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z Transition metal halides with low oxidation numbers form more ionic bonds. Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z Oxides with low oxidation states tend to be more ionic, whereas those with higher oxidation states are more covalent. Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z The lightest element, boron, is semiconducting, and its binary compounds tend to be covalent and not ionic. Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z A compound that contains ions and is held together by ionic bonds is called an ionic compound. Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z The periodic table can help us recognize many of the compounds that are ionic: When a metal is combined with one or more nonmetals, the compound is usually ionic. Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z In every ionic compound, the total number of positive charges of the cations equals the total number of negative charges of the anions. Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z Thus, ionic compounds are electrically neutral overall, even though they contain positive and negative ions. Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z For example, consider binary ionic compounds of iron and chlorine. Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z We can use this observation to help us write the formula of an ionic compound. Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z However, the formulas for some ionic compounds containing polyatomic ions are not empirical formulas. Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z Whereas ionic compounds are usually formed when a metal and a nonmetal combine, covalent compounds are usually formed by a combination of nonmetals. Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z Shades of gray exist between ionic and molecular compounds, and you’ll learn more about those later. Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z Formulas for ionic hydrates are written by appending a vertically centered dot, a coefficient representing the number of water molecules, and the formula for water. Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z These molecular and complete ionic equations provide additional information, namely, the ionic compounds used as sources of Cl− and Ag+. Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z For ionic compounds, it’s convenient to assign oxidation numbers for the cation and anion separately. Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z Which of the following atoms would be expected to form negative ions in binary ionic compounds and which would be expected to form positive ions: P, I, Mg, Cl, In, Cs, O, Pb, Co? Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z Which of the following atoms would be expected to form negative ions in binary ionic compounds and which would be expected to form positive ions: Br, Ca, Na, N, F, Al, Sn, S, Cd? Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z For each of the following compounds, state whether it is ionic or covalent. Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z Sodium nitrite, which has been used to preserve bacon and other meats, is an ionic compound. Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z Metals and ionic compounds typically form ordered, crystalline solids. Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z In this module, we will explore some of the details about the structures of metallic and ionic crystalline solids, and learn how these structures are determined experimentally. Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z In simple ionic structures, we usually find the anions, which are normally larger than the cations, arranged in a closest-packed array. Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z Write and balance chemical equations in molecular, total ionic, and net ionic formats. Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z When electrons are transferred and ions form, ionic bonds result. Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z This guideline works well for predicting ionic compound formation for most of the compounds typically encountered in an introductory chemistry course. Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z You can often recognize ionic compounds because of their properties. Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z The formula of an ionic compound must have a ratio of ions such that the numbers of positive and negative charges are equal. Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z To illustrate this, consider a reaction between ionic compounds taking place in an aqueous solution. Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z As with simple ionic compounds, these compounds must also be electrically neutral, so their formulas can be predicted by treating the polyatomic ions as discrete units. Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z Because an ionic compound is not made up of single, discrete molecules, it may not be properly symbolized using a molecular formula. Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z The charges of cations and anions dictate their ratios in ionic compounds, so specifying the names of the ions provides sufficient information to determine chemical formulas. Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z To deal with this situation, we use a naming method that is somewhat similar to that used for ionic compounds, but with added prefixes to specify the numbers of atoms of each element. Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z This balanced equation, derived in the usual fashion, is called a molecular equation because it doesn’t explicitly represent the ionic species that are present in solution. Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z You can choose binary, polyatomic, and variable charge ionic compounds, as well as molecular compounds. Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z Compounds that contain ions are called ionic compounds. Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z Binary ionic compounds typically consist of a metal and a nonmetal. Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z Many reactions of this type involve the exchange of ions between ionic compounds in aqueous solution and are sometimes referred to as double displacement, double replacement, or metathesis reactions. Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z Unlike these three ionic compounds, AgCl does not dissolve in water to a significant extent, as signified by its physical state notation, s. Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z This is also true for any other ionic compound containing hydroxide ions. Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z Since the dissociation process is essentially complete when ionic compounds dissolve in water under typical conditions, NaOH and other ionic hydroxides are all classified as strong bases. Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z Some redox reactions involve the transfer of electrons between reactant species to yield ionic products, such as the reaction between sodium and chlorine to yield sodium chloride: Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z Ionic solids exhibit a crystalline structure and tend to be rigid and brittle; they also tend to have high melting and boiling points, which suggests that ionic bonds are very strong. Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z Explicitly representing all dissolved ions results in a complete ionic equation. Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z Ionic solids are also poor conductors of electricity for the same reason—the strength of ionic bonds prevents ions from moving freely in the solid state. Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z Once dissolved or melted, ionic compounds are excellent conductors of electricity and heat because the ions can move about freely. Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z As all substances must be electrically neutral, the total number of positive charges on the cations of an ionic compound must equal the total number of negative charges on its anions. Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z The formula of an ionic compound represents the simplest ratio of the numbers of ions necessary to give identical numbers of positive and negative charges. Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z In this particular case, the formulas for the dissolved ionic compounds are replaced by formulas for their dissociated ions: Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z It is important to note, however, that the formula for an ionic compound does not represent the physical arrangement of its ions. Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z Compounds that contain covalent bonds exhibit different physical properties than ionic compounds. Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z Because the attraction between molecules, which are electrically neutral, is weaker than that between electrically charged ions, covalent compounds generally have much lower melting and boiling points than ionic compounds. Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z In fact, many covalent compounds are liquids or gases at room temperature, and, in their solid states, they are typically much softer than ionic solids. Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z Write balanced molecular, complete ionic, and net ionic equations for this process. Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z Furthermore, whereas ionic compounds are good conductors of electricity when dissolved in water, most covalent compounds are insoluble in water; since they are electrically neutral, they are poor conductors of electricity in any state. Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z For the ionic solid MX, the lattice energy is the enthalpy change of the process: Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z Compounds with a ratio of less than 2:1 may also crystallize in a closest-packed array of anions with cations in the tetrahedral holes, if the ionic sizes fit. Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z When an ionic compound is composed of a 1:1 ratio of cations and anions that differ significantly in size, it typically crystallizes with an FCC unit cell, like that shown in Figure 10.60. Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z Write balanced molecular, complete ionic, and net ionic equations for this process. Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z Nevertheless, this method has proved useful for calculating ionic radii from experimental measurements such as X-ray crystallographic determinations. Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z These attractions play an important role in the dissolution of ionic compounds in water. Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z When ionic compounds dissolve in water, the ions in the solid separate and disperse uniformly throughout the solution because water molecules surround and solvate the ions, reducing the strong electrostatic forces between them. Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z Similar discrepancies are observed for other ionic compounds, and the differences between the measured and expected colligative property values typically become more significant as solute concentrations increase. Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z Chemical reactions in aqueous solution that involve ionic reactants or products may be represented more realistically by complete ionic equations and, more succinctly, by net ionic equations. Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z These metals are reactive enough to combine with nitrogen in the air, so they form mixtures of oxides and ionic nitrides. Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z |
| 随便看 |
|
英语例句辞典收录了117811条英语例句在线翻译词条，基本涵盖了全部常用单词及词组的例句翻译及用法，是英语学习的有利工具。