| 单词 | ion |
| 例句 | I know you get bored when I go into the math, so I'll summarize: The small, constant thrust of Hermes's ion drives is much harder to deal with than the large point-thrusts of presupply probes. The Martian 2011-01-01T00:00:00Z Admittedly there was no evidence that Rosy’s samples contained any divalent ions, and so we might be sticking our necks out. Double Helix 1968-02-27T00:00:00Z But, with luck, the addition of magnesium or possibly calcium ions to the sugar-phosphate backbone would quickly generate an elegant structure, the correctness of which would not be debatable. Double Helix 1968-02-27T00:00:00Z That meant “a very serious difficulty will arise when the attempt is made to accelerate ions ... to higher energies than obtained thus far.” Big Science 2015-07-07T00:00:00Z "But we wouldn't lose Hermes. We can remotely operate it. So long as the reactor and ion engines continued to work, we could bring it back." The Martian 2011-01-01T00:00:00Z “Any undergraduate could see that nuclear physics using artificial beams of high-energy protons and helium ions was such a field, and ... he should stake out a territory there to work and grow in.” Big Science 2015-07-07T00:00:00Z By then we knew that all my previous fuss about the importance of Mg++ ions was misdirected. Double Helix 1968-02-27T00:00:00Z When the I ion had first begun singing, king ago when it w as still quite dark, he had realized that the noise w is a song. The Magician's Nephew 1955-05-02T00:00:00Z Reflecting Lawrence’s lack of conceit when it came to engineering, the machine incorporated the latest innovations of cyclotroneers across the country in designs for transformers, power transmission, the oscillator, and the ion source. Big Science 2015-07-07T00:00:00Z Confining ions in a magnetic field for about one hundred orbits was practical. Big Science 2015-07-07T00:00:00Z That’s what people say when invisible feelings vibrate in the air, like ions do just before an electric storm. The London Eye Mystery 2007-01-01T00:00:00Z Francis, as well as I, knew almost nothing about how inorganic ions were arranged in three dimensions. Double Helix 1968-02-27T00:00:00Z To solve the problem of repulsion, Crick had inserted a positively charged magnesium ion at the center of the helix—like a last-minute dab of molecular glue to hold the structure together. The Gene 2016-06-02T00:00:00Z We had to face the bleak situation that the world authority on the structural chemistry of ions was Linus Pauling himself. Double Helix 1968-02-27T00:00:00Z The originals were to be designated the Alpha racetracks; the new, smaller racetracks, which would have thirty-six tanks arranged in a rectangle, with two ion sources each, were labeled Betas. Big Science 2015-07-07T00:00:00Z For Lawrence, the stepwise acceleration of particles by multiple small impulses “immediately impressed me as the real answer which I had been looking for to the technical problem of accelerating positive ions.” Big Science 2015-07-07T00:00:00Z Then the beastly uncertainty as to whether Mg++ ions were important could vanish. Double Helix 1968-02-27T00:00:00Z The addition of the ion was critical: with the solution supplemented with magnesium, the ribosome remained glued together, and Brenner and Jacob finally purified a minuscule amount of the messenger molecule out of bacterial cells. The Gene 2016-06-02T00:00:00Z So far the calutron’s production was minuscule and its reliability imperfect, but he was already planning to replace its 10-milliampere ion source with one offering yet another tenfold increase in power. Big Science 2015-07-07T00:00:00Z There was no evidence that hydrogen ions had charged around Edlefsen’s “rather sketchy” apparatus at all, much less at any appreciable fraction of 1 million electron volts. Big Science 2015-07-07T00:00:00Z "Technically," she corrected, "the booster only took me into orbit. It was the nuclear-powered ion engine that took me to Mars." The Martian 2011-01-01T00:00:00Z Now Ernest launched a crash program to convert it into a gigantic mass spectrograph containing several calutrons, each with multiple ion sources and collectors. Big Science 2015-07-07T00:00:00Z I read on, past Mom’s chapter on anthocyanin pigments and active ion transport, past her talk of hybrids and fungus and moss. The Science of Breakable Things 2018-03-06T00:00:00Z All our speculations about whether divalent ions held the chains together would have made no sense if there were hydrogen atoms firmly bound to the phosphates. Double Helix 1968-02-27T00:00:00Z There would be ninety-six tanks to each oval, each holding two calutrons back to back, designed to beam uranium ions in 180-degree arcs four feet in radius from source to collector. Big Science 2015-07-07T00:00:00Z Especially intriguing was his hunch that specific ions might be the trick for the exact copying of macromolecules or the attraction between similar chromosomes. Double Helix 1968-02-27T00:00:00Z Under the stench of rotting vegetation, I smelled burning ozone as the air filled with ions. City of the Plague God 2021-01-12T00:00:00Z What if he could force ions into a circular path, thereby passing them repeatedly across a single electrical gap? Big Science 2015-07-07T00:00:00Z He buys a notebook and draws up plans for cloud chambers, ion detectors, X-ray goggles. All the Light We Cannot See 2014-05-06T00:00:00Z In particular, only a few weeks’ work should be necessary to see whether the DNA structure was dependent upon the exact ions used to neutralize the negative phosphate groups. Double Helix 1968-02-27T00:00:00Z At the Royal Society Meeting there was no hint that anyone at King’s had mentioned ions since the confrontation with Francis and me in early December. Double Helix 1968-02-27T00:00:00Z Livingston figured instead that Edlefsen had merely created heavy ions from the atmospheric nitrogen and oxygen left inside the device by poor evacuation technique. Big Science 2015-07-07T00:00:00Z The ion particles would fall out of phase, they said, or would crash into the walls of the accelerating chamber, or would collide with stray air molecules in their way. Big Science 2015-07-07T00:00:00Z Thus if the crux of the problem was to deduce an unusually clever arrangement of inorganic ions and phosphate groups, we were clearly at a disadvantage. Double Helix 1968-02-27T00:00:00Z His measurements indicated that he had accelerated ions to 80,000 volts by spiraling them around the vacuum chamber forty-one times, thereby delivering eighty-two resonant jolts. Big Science 2015-07-07T00:00:00Z Aiming for the weak point at the base of the skull, she let the troll have a long burst of the concentrated ion ray. Artemis Fowl 2001-04-26T00:00:00Z She became positively aggressive when we got on the topic of Mg++ ions that held together the phosphate groups of our three-chain model. Double Helix 1968-02-27T00:00:00Z It knew when to angle the ship so the ion engines would be aimed correctly. The Martian 2011-01-01T00:00:00Z Much more difficulty came from the necessity to fabricate representations of the inorganic ions. Double Helix 1968-02-27T00:00:00Z Andre was very keen about the role of divalent metals in phage multiplication and so was receptive to my belief that ions were decisively important for nucleic-acid structure. Double Helix 1968-02-27T00:00:00Z From these, he gleaned that Widerde’s “general approach” was to accelerate ions on a straight line by delivering to them repeated kicks from a series of charged electrical gaps. Big Science 2015-07-07T00:00:00Z “That’s not a challenge. Those old video systems emit faint ion beams. Invisible to the naked eye, of course, but not with your iris-cam...” Artemis Fowl 2001-04-26T00:00:00Z "Vogel," Lewis continued, "how far can we deflect in thirty- nine minutes with the ion engines?" The Martian 2011-01-01T00:00:00Z The resulting effect was striking: a bright streak ten inches long, glowing lavender from its interaction with nitrogen ions in the atmosphere. Big Science 2015-07-07T00:00:00Z Thus, under physiological conditions, there would always be positively charged ions like sodium or magnesium lying nearby to neutralize the negatively charged phosphate groups. Double Helix 1968-02-27T00:00:00Z According to Edlefsen’s rudimentary ion detectors, something was going on inside the flask, but whether it was protons accelerating in resonance with an oscillating electric field was by no means clear. Big Science 2015-07-07T00:00:00Z This produced the correct values for the exact sizes of the candidate inorganic ions, but nothing that could help push the problem over the top. Double Helix 1968-02-27T00:00:00Z "They rotate the ship. They're not made for thrusting it. Hermes doesn't have quick-reaction engines. Just the slow, steady ion engines." The Martian 2011-01-01T00:00:00Z How Mg** ions might be used to bind negatively charged phosphate groups in the center of a compound helix. Double Helix 1968-02-27T00:00:00Z I don't know, but I'm ion sad and tired to ask. The Hunger Games 2008-09-14T00:00:00Z When he turned it on, the usual faint smell of negative ions surged from the power supply; he breathed in eagerly, already buoyed up. Do Androids Dream of Electric Sheep? 1968-01-02T00:00:00Z Chemists will tell you to throw some salt into the mix for ion exchange, or something geeky like that. Which method of chilling wine really gets the job done in 20 minutes? 2017-10-20T04:00:00Z Maybe there’s something to the idea that all those water-generated negative ions boost our mood and creativity. 9 Seattle-area beaches for walking off that holiday heft 2016-12-28T05:00:00Z Ionised air, or plasma, is created when air is separated into positive ions and electrons, making it much more conductive. Blaine prepares for shocking feat 2012-10-03T10:41:21Z This kind of tissue is alkaline, so it attracts the acidic ions, keeping them away from the picture. How to copy an old photo in a convex frame When he auditioned for “Genera+ion,” a high school dramedy that premieres March 11 on HBO Max, he read for the part of the guidance counselor. Justice Smith Doesn’t Need Your Assumptions 2021-03-05T05:00:00Z In his day job, he has pioneered painstaking research into the binding properties of molecules and contributed extensively to understanding the particular influences on ion channel function in the development of drugs. David Colquhoun, Twitter-addicted scourge of scientific quackery 2013-04-21T08:00:08Z The sodium ions simply pass through membrane channels that detect its presence – either salt is present, or it’s not. Welcome to flavor country: why New York City's salt warning is a good thing 2015-12-02T05:00:00Z But most researchers no longer accept this theorybecause subsequent studies showed that it was merely an innocuous coincidence that occurred due to the attraction between aluminum ions and amyloid plaques. DDT, environmental toxins linked to late-onset Alzheimer’s 2014-02-11T13:45:00Z Even under Napoleon, the bourgeoisie was willing to use the political instruments of war, law, and state-making to abolish feudalism and charge the atmosphere with the ions of revolution. Eric Hobsbawm, the Communist Who Explained History 2019-05-09T04:00:00Z He will follow the teenage wasteland of “Genera+ion” with a part in the latest adaptation of Dungeons & Dragons. Justice Smith Doesn’t Need Your Assumptions 2021-03-05T05:00:00Z Minnesota Public Radio produces this science podcast for kids, which touches on everything from the ions in slime to how elevators work. 15 podcasts perfect for summer road trips 2017-07-03T04:00:00Z The idea of living authentically, and what that might cost, was on Smith’s mind last summer, in the months before the “Genera+ion” shoot began. Justice Smith Doesn’t Need Your Assumptions 2021-03-05T05:00:00Z Satis“fact”ion: When Google proves you are right and your spouse is wrong. Style Invitational Week 1359: Back up in the ‘air’ 2019-11-21T05:00:00Z When menthol connects with an ion channel called TRPM8, it sends an electrical signal along the length of the neuron. The history of candy canes and why they taste so cool 2019-12-25T05:00:00Z The ship’s ion plasma particle engine sits on the back of a telescopic arm to keep the nuclear reactor that powers it as far away from the crew as possible. Below the Line: Designing ‘The Martian’ 2016-01-21T05:00:00Z The "Simpson"-ion twist here is that Homer actually hears the narrator. Super Bowl: The ads designed for TV junkies 2015-01-31T05:00:00Z No. Single ion channel biophysics is cheap compared with many areas. David Colquhoun, Twitter-addicted scourge of scientific quackery 2013-04-21T08:00:08Z Drones typically use lithium ion or lithium polymer batteries, and the F.A.A. prohibits any type of spare lithium batteries in checked luggage. How to Travel With a Drone 2019-08-13T04:00:00Z If I get asked to go to a university these days to speak they ask me to do a seminar on ion channels and another on management gobbledegook or something. David Colquhoun, Twitter-addicted scourge of scientific quackery 2013-04-21T08:00:08Z For instance, while purifying the air with ions can help reduce airborne pollutants, he said, it can’t protect you from catching a cold. Practical Traveler: How Not to Get Sick From a Flight 2011-03-02T11:00:00Z But it’s just a sodium ion attached to glutamate, which is something your body produces naturally and needs to function. Chinese restaurant syndrome: has MSG been unfairly demonised? 2018-05-21T04:00:00Z Documentary is impossible without access, but the timing of admission and transmiss ion is always delicate. Victoria: A Royal Love Story | TV matters 2010-03-18T06:45:00Z A sample of seeds was analyzed using two mass spectrometers connected by a chamber called a collision cell, in which the seeds’ molecules were shattered into fragmentation ions. How Chris McCandless Died: An Update 2015-02-11T05:00:00Z “Sodium ions block bitter flavors, emphasize sweetness, and create really nice depth and dimension.” For a Better Cocktail, Reach for a Different Shaker 2020-02-07T05:00:00Z Or that this particular type of white crystal is supposed to cleanse the ions in the air or something like that? Bill T. Jones on His Most Prized Possessions: Crystals From a Friend 2017-11-30T05:00:00Z The U-Md. accelerator remains in the early stages, with the vacuum chamber, ion source, magnetic field and radio frequency system still in the design phase. U-Md. professor hooks students on this particle accelerator — by building one 2016-09-07T04:00:00Z The band’s new album, “Ten$ion,” was even more inspired by colored style, he said. The Brilliant Weirdness of Die Antwoord 2012-01-29T07:13:50Z Most are made up of charged particles, such as metal ions, but these are of little use to space scientists hoping to discover the origins of high-energy cosmic rays. The hunt for neutrinos in the Antarctic 2011-01-23T00:05:49Z The label balked at the nastier lyrics on “Ten$ion,” and Ninja, Yo-Landi and their producer, a beats master named DJ Hi-Tek, opted to distribute the album on their own. The Brilliant Weirdness of Die Antwoord 2012-01-29T07:13:50Z The afternoon light skimmed off the azure water, and we could tell that the negative ions were doing their work. Just an hour from the busy Bay Area, a laid-back retreat to soothe the soul 2016-12-15T05:00:00Z Another summer thunderstorm was brewing, and outside the soft ions gathered trembling on the tips of every leaf and branch and blade of grass. Extract: Jude in London by Julian Gough 2011-08-25T11:18:47Z It is a world full of shifting ions, the negatively charged particles known as cations and the positive anions, and molecular transformations, and yes, it is all as dense as a jungle thicket. Why gardens need fertilizer — or not 2015-02-10T05:00:00Z Lithium ion is currently the dominant battery type both for electric vehicles and clean electricity storage. Energy Department tries to boost US battery industry with another $3.5 billion in funding 2023-11-15T05:00:00Z The city has seen hundreds of fires linked to the lithium ion batteries that power electric bikes and scooters in the last few years. After fire kills 3, NYC officials say retailers, delivery apps must do more to ensure e-bike safety 2023-11-14T05:00:00Z The process had led to the formation of nanopores within the electrodes upon MgO removal, which, in turn, had vastly increased their capacity to store Na+ ions. Template for success: Shaping hard carbon electrodes for next-generation batteries 2023-11-13T05:00:00Z To address these concerns, the IBS research team looked at the distribution of metal ions in chloride electrolytes. New designs for solid-state electrolytes may soon revolutionize the battery industry 2023-11-02T04:00:00Z The new study considered a variety of salt ions that are found underground and in surface water. Humans are disrupting natural 'salt cycle' on a global scale, new study shows 2023-10-31T04:00:00Z He is excited, he said, about the next generation of batteries for clean energy storage, including solid state batteries, which could potentially hold more energy than lithium ion. Energy Department tries to boost US battery industry with another $3.5 billion in funding 2023-11-15T05:00:00Z They distinguished the ions from those of the solar wind and from those of the ionosphere itself. The importance of the Earth's atmosphere in creating the large storms that affect satellite communications 2023-10-30T04:00:00Z This is in stark contrast to humans forcing salts like calcium, potassium, magnesium and sulfate ions to the surface on a regular basis thanks to practices like mining and land development. Earth's salt cycle is swinging out of balance, posing yet another “existential threat," study finds 2023-10-31T04:00:00Z They believed the reason trigonal chloride electrolytes can achieve low ionic conductivity is based on the variation of metal ion arrangements within the structure. New designs for solid-state electrolytes may soon revolutionize the battery industry 2023-11-02T04:00:00Z Salts are compounds with positively charged cations and negatively charged anions, with some of the most abundant ones being calcium, magnesium, potassium and sulfate ions. Humans are disrupting natural 'salt cycle' on a global scale, new study shows 2023-10-31T04:00:00Z One he hopes to see scale up is sodium ion batteries to help bolster the electrical grid. Energy Department tries to boost US battery industry with another $3.5 billion in funding 2023-11-15T05:00:00Z This generated an induced electric field that caused the nitrogen ions to leave the CoN and caused magnetism to appear in the sample, which changed from non-magnetic to magnetic. Wireless device makes magnetism appear in non-magnetic materials 2023-10-30T04:00:00Z And that only accounts for the land itself; salt ions also increased in rivers and streams over the last 50 years, which is consistent with global patterns in salt production and consumption. Earth's salt cycle is swinging out of balance, posing yet another “existential threat," study finds 2023-10-31T04:00:00Z When the metal ions were positioned near the pathway of lithium ions, electrostatic forces caused obstruction in their movement. New designs for solid-state electrolytes may soon revolutionize the battery industry 2023-11-02T04:00:00Z When dislodged in higher doses, these ions can cause environmental problems. Humans are disrupting natural 'salt cycle' on a global scale, new study shows 2023-10-31T04:00:00Z This transformation is a pivotal step in the journey to fertilization, and it hinges on the activation of a unique ion transporter. Sperm's secret voltage switch: Scientists unlock the mystery of motility 2023-10-25T04:00:00Z This nanoscale device could represent a paradigm shift, harnessing power from ion gradients or electrical potential across a solid-state nanopore to drive the turbine into mechanical rotations. DNA Origami nanoturbine sets new horizon for nanomotors 2023-10-26T04:00:00Z Scientists have glimpsed some elements of the chemical feat by which corals pull calcium and carbonate ions from seawater and fuse them into reef-building minerals. ‘Why can’t you make a coral out of an anemone?’ 2023-10-24T04:00:00Z Conversely, if the metal ion occupancy was too low, the path for lithium ions became too narrow, impeding their mobility. New designs for solid-state electrolytes may soon revolutionize the battery industry 2023-11-02T04:00:00Z Salt ions also increased in streams and rivers over the last 50 years, coinciding with an increase in the global use and production of salts. Humans are disrupting natural 'salt cycle' on a global scale, new study shows 2023-10-31T04:00:00Z "The VSD domain responds to the change in voltage by pushing its rodlike S4 helix inwards. This clears the way for ion exchange by SLC9C1, ultimately initiating sperm motility," says David Drew. Sperm's secret voltage switch: Scientists unlock the mystery of motility 2023-10-25T04:00:00Z Its behaviour is influenced by ion concentration, allowing the same turbine to spin either clockwise or anticlockwise, depending on the concentration of Na+ ions in the solution. DNA Origami nanoturbine sets new horizon for nanomotors 2023-10-26T04:00:00Z They know that, in special compartments, corals concentrate ions along with proteins and other molecules to make a slurry known as calcifying fluid. ‘Why can’t you make a coral out of an anemone?’ 2023-10-24T04:00:00Z This was the first instance where the significance of the metal ions arrangement on a material's ionic conductivity was demonstrated. New designs for solid-state electrolytes may soon revolutionize the battery industry 2023-11-02T04:00:00Z Because of their structure, salt ions can bind to contaminants in soils and sediments, forming "chemical cocktails" that circulate in the environment and have detrimental effects. Humans are disrupting natural 'salt cycle' on a global scale, new study shows 2023-10-31T04:00:00Z "In atom-probe tomography, we start by sharpening a piece of the lunar sample into a very sharp tip, using a focused ion beam microscope, almost like a very fancy pencil sharpener," Greer said. The Moon is 40 million years older than previously thought 2023-10-23T04:00:00Z This unique feature, exclusive to the nanoscale realm, results from the intricate interplay between ions, water, and DNA. DNA Origami nanoturbine sets new horizon for nanomotors 2023-10-26T04:00:00Z What anemones notably lack are genes for so-called intrinsically disordered proteins, which play crucial roles in accumulating calcium and carbonate ions. ‘Why can’t you make a coral out of an anemone?’ 2023-10-24T04:00:00Z Overnight Israeli fighter jets struck a "large number of Hamas terror targets throughout" Gaza including command centres and combat positions inside multi-storey buildings, the military said ion a statement. First emergency aid trucks enter Gaza after overnight Israeli air strikes 2023-10-21T04:00:00Z The development of tumors begins with miniscule changes within the body's cells; ion diffusion at the smallest scales is decisive in the performance of batteries. A miniature magnetic resonance imager made of diamond 2023-10-19T04:00:00Z All batteries work in a similar way: Two electrodes, one positive and one negative, promote the flow of lithium ions between them in what's called the electrolyte when connected to an external circuit. Cobalt-free battery for cleaner, greener power 2023-10-19T04:00:00Z However, these methods often resulted in a considerable decrease in ion conductivity, compromising the overall performance of the electrolyte. Researchers unveil fire-inhibiting nonflammable gel polymer electrolyte for lithium-ion batteries 2023-10-18T04:00:00Z The interactions between electrons, ions, and photons within the material ejected from a neutron-star merger determine the light that we can see through telescopes. Grasping the three-dimensional morphology of kilonovae 2023-10-18T04:00:00Z At the molecular scale, atoms and ions are always moving. Harnessing molecular power: Electricity generation on the nanoscale 2023-10-17T04:00:00Z In the next step the researchers want to develop the method further to enable the investigation of microstructures in single living cells, tissue sections or the ion mobility of thin-film materials for battery applications. A miniature magnetic resonance imager made of diamond 2023-10-19T04:00:00Z One key feature of this new class of catalyst is the presence of two metal cores made up of copper ions that allows for more efficient and selective reactions. Novel catalyst for green production of fine chemicals and pharmaceuticals 2023-10-13T04:00:00Z This novel approach dramatically increased the lithium ion conductivity by 33% compared to existing liquid electrolytes. Researchers unveil fire-inhibiting nonflammable gel polymer electrolyte for lithium-ion batteries 2023-10-18T04:00:00Z These ions are like subatomic bullets that hit atoms and molecules in our upper atmosphere and rip away their electrons, which are like shrapnel. How to Watch the Northern Lights and Other Awesome Auroras 2023-10-13T04:00:00Z Adsorption with clay materials, activated carbon, iron oxide and natural materials such as coffee grounds, has also been used before and exhibit high cationic dye uptake, exchanging ions or forming bonds. Titanium oxide material can remove toxic dyes from wastewater 2023-10-10T04:00:00Z The chronic disease is caused by a defective protein channel that prevents chloride ions from leaving cells and creating the watery conditions necessary to clear mucus. Synthetic molecules can 'ferry' mucus-clearing ions blocked by cystic fibrosis 2023-10-10T04:00:00Z The researchers tinkered with the structure to discover that approximately 0.4 nanometres was the perfect distance between these two copper ions for them to function as one unit to carry out important chemical reactions. Novel catalyst for green production of fine chemicals and pharmaceuticals 2023-10-13T04:00:00Z Positronic compounds, namely bound states of positrons with regular atoms, molecules, or ions, represent an intriguing aspect of positron-matter interactions and have been studied experimentally via observation of positron annihilation in gases. Ionic crystal generates molecular ions upon positron irradiation, finds new study 2023-10-10T04:00:00Z However, the opposite seems to be true for freshwater insects -- higher salinity is always associated with increased rates of ion uptake in insects, but it is also associated with developmental delays or death. Consistent metabolism may prove costly for insects in saltier water 2023-10-06T04:00:00Z That protein, called OTOP1, sits within cell membranes and forms a channel for hydrogen ions moving into the cell. And then there were 6 -- kinds of taste, that is 2023-10-05T04:00:00Z Researchers' synthetic molecules offer something of a detour by binding to ions and carrying them through the cell membrane. Synthetic molecules can 'ferry' mucus-clearing ions blocked by cystic fibrosis 2023-10-10T04:00:00Z The researchers put the catalyst through nine consecutive cycles of chemical reactions, and discovered that it could remain stable with no detectable loss of copper ions from the original structure. Novel catalyst for green production of fine chemicals and pharmaceuticals 2023-10-13T04:00:00Z It may be possible to generate new molecules and ions via the formation of positron compounds, but no research has ever been done from such a perspective. Ionic crystal generates molecular ions upon positron irradiation, finds new study 2023-10-10T04:00:00Z In the first test, they measured the animals' metabolism by placing them in waters with different concentrations of salt ions and looking at their rates of oxygen consumption. Consistent metabolism may prove costly for insects in saltier water 2023-10-06T04:00:00Z Hydrogen ions are the key component of acids, and as foodies everywhere know, the tongue senses acid as sour. And then there were 6 -- kinds of taste, that is 2023-10-05T04:00:00Z "Our research in anion and cation binding can apply to not only cystic fibrosis, but a host of other channel diseases caused by defective ion channels." Synthetic molecules can 'ferry' mucus-clearing ions blocked by cystic fibrosis 2023-10-10T04:00:00Z Affinitylifestyles.com marketed Real Water in boxy blue plastic bottles as mineral-rich, “infused with negative ions” and “the healthiest drinking water available.” $228M awarded to some plaintiffs who sued Nevada-based bottled water company after liver illnesses 2023-10-05T04:00:00Z "It has long been known that when electrons are injected into a solid surface, atoms that make up the surface are ejected as monoatomic positive ions," explains Dr. Tachibana. Ionic crystal generates molecular ions upon positron irradiation, finds new study 2023-10-10T04:00:00Z Next, the team looked at whether an increase in breathing rates was linked to the transport of a particular ion. Consistent metabolism may prove costly for insects in saltier water 2023-10-06T04:00:00Z Hydrogen ions from these acidic substances move into taste receptor cells through the OTOP1 channel. And then there were 6 -- kinds of taste, that is 2023-10-05T04:00:00Z Once outside the cell, chloride ions attract water that helps tiny, hair-like cilia sweep out mucus from the airways. Synthetic molecules can 'ferry' mucus-clearing ions blocked by cystic fibrosis 2023-10-10T04:00:00Z For instance, when detecting salt, or sodium chloride, the device senses sodium ions, explained Subir Ghosh, a doctoral student in engineering science and mechanics and co-author of the study. Could future AI crave a favorite food? 2023-10-04T04:00:00Z Notably, this is the first-ever report of molecular ions being ejected upon positron irradiation. Ionic crystal generates molecular ions upon positron irradiation, finds new study 2023-10-10T04:00:00Z Radioactive isotopes of the salt ions calcium and sodium allowed the researchers to measure how much and how quickly the animals took up different ions. Consistent metabolism may prove costly for insects in saltier water 2023-10-06T04:00:00Z Because ammonium chloride can affect the concentration of acid -- that is, hydrogen ions -- within a cell, the team wondered if it could somehow trigger OTOP1. And then there were 6 -- kinds of taste, that is 2023-10-05T04:00:00Z Without chloride ions to attract water, mucus hardens and the cilia can't clear it. Synthetic molecules can 'ferry' mucus-clearing ions blocked by cystic fibrosis 2023-10-10T04:00:00Z Researchers in the past have zeroed in on carbonate and phosphate ions to facilitate moisture-swing capture and have specific hypotheses relating to why these specific ions are effective. Carbon capture method plucks CO2 straight from the air 2023-10-03T04:00:00Z In the case of LiF crystals, these positrons may attract two neighboring fluorine negative ions on the surface to form a positronic compound. Ionic crystal generates molecular ions upon positron irradiation, finds new study 2023-10-10T04:00:00Z In other words, the crustaceans and snail worked harder to transport the calcium ions they required in an environment where calcium was harder to find. Consistent metabolism may prove costly for insects in saltier water 2023-10-06T04:00:00Z Ammonium chloride gives off small amounts of ammonia, which moves inside the cell and raises the pH, making it more alkaline, which means fewer hydrogen ions. And then there were 6 -- kinds of taste, that is 2023-10-05T04:00:00Z Gong's lab previously developed synthetic binders for positively charged ions called cations, but chloride is a negatively charged ion, or anion. Synthetic molecules can 'ferry' mucus-clearing ions blocked by cystic fibrosis 2023-10-10T04:00:00Z But Dravid's team wanted to test a wider breadth of ions to see which were the most effective. Carbon capture method plucks CO2 straight from the air 2023-10-03T04:00:00Z Moreover, the deflectors enabled them to redirect any ions desorbed from the crystal towards an ion detector. Ionic crystal generates molecular ions upon positron irradiation, finds new study 2023-10-10T04:00:00Z In contrast, the insects' metabolic rates remained constant in both saline and dilute environments, even though they had a higher calcium ion transport rate in the saline environment. Consistent metabolism may prove costly for insects in saltier water 2023-10-06T04:00:00Z This filmy mosaic selectively permits charged lithium ions to cross during discharge and controls movement of electrons that supply the battery's power. A new twist on rechargeable battery performance 2023-09-28T04:00:00Z Through advanced atomic-scale measurements and calculations, the team found that these interlayer transition metal ions act as a "cap" above or below the honeycomb structure, preventing cation migration and maintaining stability. Novel battery technology with negligible voltage decay 2023-09-28T04:00:00Z The team believes that future experiments, coupled with computational modeling, will help better explain why certain ions are more effective than others. Carbon capture method plucks CO2 straight from the air 2023-10-03T04:00:00Z The detected signals were then used to conduct spectroscopic analysis to identify the precise composition of the desorbed ions. Ionic crystal generates molecular ions upon positron irradiation, finds new study 2023-10-10T04:00:00Z The two states of the ion correspond to two orientations of this magnet, say up and down, and they can be set by hitting the ion with a laser beam thinner than a human hair. What’s a Qubit? 3 Ways Scientists Build Quantum Computers 2023-09-28T04:00:00Z The catalysts assemble at room temperature in water with the copper atoms displacing the host metal ions in the polymer templates. Copper-based catalysts efficiently turn carbon dioxide into methane 2023-09-25T04:00:00Z Meanwhile, sodium ions remain on the other side of the membrane, attracted to the negatively charged electrode. New method for purifying drinking water could be used in disaster zones 2023-09-21T04:00:00Z The approach incorporates innovative kinetic methodologies and a diversity of ions, enabling carbon removal from virtually anywhere. Carbon capture method plucks CO2 straight from the air 2023-10-03T04:00:00Z This ion is pushed out of the crystal by the repulsing forces of the nearby Li+ ions. Ionic crystal generates molecular ions upon positron irradiation, finds new study 2023-10-10T04:00:00Z The chip houses the ions and traps them using electric fields in the voids between its tiny printed circuits. What’s a Qubit? 3 Ways Scientists Build Quantum Computers 2023-09-28T04:00:00Z "We have the ability to uniformly prepare nanocapsules in a cookie-cutter fashion by joining them together using calcium metal ions as building blocks or linking logs," Baker said. Scaling up the power of nanotechnology 2023-09-21T04:00:00Z The chloride ions are then recycled back into the chamber containing the salt water and the process is repeated, gradually drawing more and more water molecules through. New method for purifying drinking water could be used in disaster zones 2023-09-21T04:00:00Z The group also expanded the number of ions used to make the reaction possible. Carbon capture method plucks CO2 straight from the air 2023-10-03T04:00:00Z "The proposed method could thus pave the way for the generation of new molecular ions and molecules in the future." Ionic crystal generates molecular ions upon positron irradiation, finds new study 2023-10-10T04:00:00Z The lasers shoot through the windows of the vacuum chamber, cooling the ions and operating the qubits. What’s a Qubit? 3 Ways Scientists Build Quantum Computers 2023-09-28T04:00:00Z But when you apply an electrical signal, and inject lithium ions and electrons into the material, the material becomes dark and blocks light. Material would allow users to 'tune' windows to block targeted wavelengths of light 2023-09-21T04:00:00Z The sheets' atomic structure means the lithium ions can travel in one direction only, not laterally, causing cracking that creates the ribbons. One-atom-thick ribbons could improve batteries, solar cells and sensors 2023-09-21T04:00:00Z The new funding is for “long-term” storage, meaning options that can last for longer than the four hours typical of lithium ion batteries. Energy Department announces $325M for batteries that can store clean electricity longer 2023-09-22T04:00:00Z The method takes advantage of arid-adapted plants that produce oxalates -- ions containing carbon and oxygen that might ring a bell if you're unlucky enough to suffer from kidney stones or gout. We could sequester CO2 by 're-greening' arid lands, plant scientists say 2023-09-21T04:00:00Z Each chip can contain at most a few tens of ions without the interactions among them becoming too complex to control. What’s a Qubit? 3 Ways Scientists Build Quantum Computers 2023-09-28T04:00:00Z Researchers have now shown that you can effectively tune the wavelengths of light that are blocked when you inject lithium ions and electrons into a related material called tungsten oxide hydrate. Material would allow users to 'tune' windows to block targeted wavelengths of light 2023-09-21T04:00:00Z "These techniques provide a powerful means for tracking the development, coverage, ion transfer, and stability of SEI and can easily be adapted for a variety of electrolytes and electrodes," explains Prof. Komaba. Researchers offer insights into solid-electrolyte interphases in next-gen aqueous potassium-ion batteries 2023-09-19T04:00:00Z Furthermore, these ions want to move both ways, but by attaching a lot of charge on the nanopore itself, we were able to make it directional.' The missing link to make easy protein sequencing possible? 2023-09-18T04:00:00Z In addition to tagging engram cells, we labeled cells with optogenetic receptors, which are ion channels that are activated by light. Forgotten Memories May Remain Intact in the Brain 2023-09-15T04:00:00Z Reaching millions of qubits will require moving ions between modules, a feat scientists have yet to reliably achieve. What’s a Qubit? 3 Ways Scientists Build Quantum Computers 2023-09-28T04:00:00Z When lithium ions and electrons are injected into the hydrate material, it first transitions into a "heat blocking" phase, allowing visible wavelengths of light to pass through, but blocking infrared light. Material would allow users to 'tune' windows to block targeted wavelengths of light 2023-09-21T04:00:00Z "How such beams are produced without the added ingredients of atoms and ions, is currently a mystery." Webb telescope photographs baby star resembling our sun blasting hot molecular material 2023-09-14T04:00:00Z Alarcon said that the comet is made up of ice and rocks and that its body and tail are green because of the carbon interacting with the high temperature and ions from the sun. A newly discovered green comet: When's the best time to see it in Southern California? 2023-09-13T04:00:00Z Lithium ion batteries in cars and general electronics degrade faster at higher operating temperatures. Physicists Explain How Heat Kills Machines and Electronics 2023-09-05T04:00:00Z “I felt it, the energy of it. The ions in the air were shifting.” What happened when a 'hurriquake' struck Ojai? Little damage, plenty of weird vibes 2023-08-22T04:00:00Z If more lithium ions and electrons are injected, the material then transitions into a dark phase, blocking both visible and infrared wavelengths of light. Material would allow users to 'tune' windows to block targeted wavelengths of light 2023-09-21T04:00:00Z The persistence of that fire, which burned for five days, led to speculation that some of the cars that the ship had been carrying had been electric vehicles with lithium ion batteries. 1 Dead and 22 Injured in Cargo Ship Fire Off the Netherlands 2023-07-26T04:00:00Z Manifests showed there were no lithium ion battery vehicles onboard when the ship reached Newark, according to Bethann Rooney the port director of the Port Authority of New York and New Jersey. Fire that killed 2 on a cargo ship in New Jersey is out after nearly a week, officials say 2023-07-11T04:00:00Z Electric bikes, which are rapidly growing in popularity, are posing an increasing safety risk due to fast-spreading fires caused by the lithium ion batteries that power them. Faulty batteries in popular e-bikes causing significant rise in deadly fires 2023-07-07T04:00:00Z "A lithium ion battery will fail with a great energy," he said. Cambridge fire deaths: Fire chief warns abut e-bike charging 2023-07-04T04:00:00Z Batteries rely on lightweight lithium ions to conduct energy. Lithium Scarcity Pushes Carmakers Into the Mining Business 2023-07-02T04:00:00Z Yoshino’s work in the 1980s eliminated the volatile pure lithium from the battery and instead opted for lithium ions that are safer. John Goodenough, a Nobel Prize-winning co-creator of the revolutionary lithium battery, dies at 100 2023-06-26T04:00:00Z Essentially, a battery is a device that makes electrically charged atoms, known as ions, move from one side to another, creating an electrical current that powers anything hooked up to the battery. John B. Goodenough, 100, Dies; Nobel-Winning Creator of the Lithium-Ion Battery 2023-06-26T04:00:00Z Firefighters, in the meantime, are grappling with a surge in lithium ion battery fires that are exacerbated by a lack of public awareness about the risks they pose. Faulty batteries in popular e-bikes causing significant rise in deadly fires 2023-07-07T04:00:00Z Convincing the FAA of safety starts with the design for the several thousand lithium ion batteries that power the aircraft. Can Boeing make pilotless air taxi magic work on big jets? It aims to 2023-06-22T04:00:00Z When the battery is used, lithium ions move between the electrodes inside each cell, generating an electrical current. How e-bike battery fires became a deadly crisis in New York City 2023-06-21T04:00:00Z Investigators determined that it was an accident caused by a lithium ion battery, which can overheat while being charged and explode in an intensely hot flare of flame, fire officials said. 4 dead after battery causes fire at New York City e-bike shop that spreads to apartments 2023-06-20T04:00:00Z The medium between them, through which the ions travel, is an electrolyte. John B. Goodenough, 100, Dies; Nobel-Winning Creator of the Lithium-Ion Battery 2023-06-26T04:00:00Z Plastic casing on the batteries lengthens the time it takes to extinguish a lithium ion battery fire, allowing it to spread further, and the flames produce toxic fumes. Faulty batteries in popular e-bikes causing significant rise in deadly fires 2023-07-07T04:00:00Z Multi-day storage does not crowd out something like lithium ion, they complement each other very nicely. Insider Q&A: Lithium batteries have a 4-hour limit. Mateo Jaramillo hopes to solve that 2023-06-19T04:00:00Z The sodium and chloride ions in salt are charge carriers that enhance conductivity, so salt water conducts better than fresh water. Found: Giant Freshwater Deposits Hiding under the Sea 2023-06-17T04:00:00Z “This exact scenario where there’s an e-bike store on the first floor and residences above and the volume of fire created by these lithium ion batteries is incredibly deadly.” 4 dead after battery causes fire at New York City e-bike shop that spreads to apartments 2023-06-20T04:00:00Z When a battery releases energy, positively charged ions shuttle from the anode to the cathode, creating a current. John B. Goodenough, 100, Dies; Nobel-Winning Creator of the Lithium-Ion Battery 2023-06-26T04:00:00Z The bright blue cornflower, for instance, assembles a large complex of six anthocyanins and six copigments arranged like spokes on a wheel around four metal ions. Rare blue dye faces risky path from rainforest to product 2023-06-14T04:00:00Z Q: Lithium ion batteries have some limitations and can only pump out power for four hours max. Insider Q&A: Lithium batteries have a 4-hour limit. Mateo Jaramillo hopes to solve that 2023-06-19T04:00:00Z Alkaline minerals in the rocks convert dissolved carbon dioxide into long-lasting carbonate and bicarbonate ions, allowing the ocean to absorb more atmospheric carbon dioxide. News at a glance: Long Covid treatment, global earthquake model, and deep-sea mining 2023-06-14T04:00:00Z Lithium ion batteries can catch fire because they contain a flammable electrolyte solution that allows electrical current to flow, experts say. 4 dead after battery causes fire at New York City e-bike shop that spreads to apartments 2023-06-20T04:00:00Z A rechargeable battery is plugged into a socket to draw electricity, forcing the ions to shuttle back to the anode, where they are stored until needed again. John B. Goodenough, 100, Dies; Nobel-Winning Creator of the Lithium-Ion Battery 2023-06-26T04:00:00Z It is hard to design a solid electrolyte that is stable and chemically inert and yet is still a good conductor of ions between the electrodes. Explainer: How could solid-state batteries improve next-gen EVs? 2023-06-13T04:00:00Z A: Lithium ion is an established, accepted technology being deployed at great volumes. Insider Q&A: Lithium batteries have a 4-hour limit. Mateo Jaramillo hopes to solve that 2023-06-19T04:00:00Z The electrically active cells in their structures were human embryonic kidney cells they engineered to produce ion-channel proteins, which let ions flow in or out to regulate the potential of the cell membrane. Synthetic Morphology Lets Scientists Create New Life-Forms 2023-05-31T04:00:00Z Telescopes measure ions in the upper atmosphere; meteorologists study weather behaviors in order to predict global climate changes. Astrophysics and stale beer: What life is like working at the South Pole 2023-05-29T04:00:00Z Materials used for the anode, cathode and electrolyte determine the quantity and speed of the ions, and thus the battery’s power. John B. Goodenough, 100, Dies; Nobel-Winning Creator of the Lithium-Ion Battery 2023-06-26T04:00:00Z Solid-state batteries use thin layers of solid electrolytes that carry lithium ions between electrodes. Explainer: How could solid-state batteries improve next-gen EVs? 2023-06-13T04:00:00Z Chen knew from previous research that some neurons have specialized pores called TRPM2 ion channels that change shape in response to ultrasonic waves, including the subset of POA cells that controls mouse torpor. Ultrasound brain pulses put mice in a hibernation-like state 2023-05-24T04:00:00Z In some of the cells, the researchers used genetic engineering to add genes encoding other ion channels, enabling optogenetic switching with red and blue light. Synthetic Morphology Lets Scientists Create New Life-Forms 2023-05-31T04:00:00Z Other organic nitrogen in the ocean is converted to nitrite and nitrate ions, which is then converted to nitrogen gas in a process analogous to the one that occurs on land. Fundamentals of Biology 2015-01-01T00:00:00Z It seemed a breakthrough because ions of lithium, the lightest metal, produced high voltage and worked at room temperature. John B. Goodenough, 100, Dies; Nobel-Winning Creator of the Lithium-Ion Battery 2023-06-26T04:00:00Z When an element donates an electron from its outer shell, as in the sodium atom example above, a positive ion is formed. Concepts of Biology 2013-04-25T00:00:00Z He says it balances his “negative ions and positive ions.” Amid 'Fast & Furious' life, Ludacris can 'stand still' for a star on Hollywood Walk of Fame 2023-05-18T04:00:00Z The carbon dioxide reacts with calcium ions in cement, one of the ingredients of concrete. NYC skyscrapers turning to carbon capture to lessen climate change 2023-05-14T04:00:00Z Calcium ions are used for the heartbeat, the contraction of muscles, the activation of enzymes, and cellular communication. Fundamentals of Biology 2015-01-01T00:00:00Z Seeking to improve on the design, Dr. Goodenough also used lithium ions. John B. Goodenough, 100, Dies; Nobel-Winning Creator of the Lithium-Ion Battery 2023-06-26T04:00:00Z Because positive and negative charges attract, these ions stay together and form an ionic bond, or a bond between ions. Concepts of Biology 2013-04-25T00:00:00Z Davis has been working on a smaller, portable type of test, an ion mobility spectrometer, which identifies substances based on the mobility of their molecules in an electric field. Astronomy Tool Can Now Detect COVID in Breath 2023-05-12T04:00:00Z The fatal fire happened amid growing concern in the city about fires linked to the lithium ion batteries that power electric bikes and scooters. Officials say fire that killed 3 in New York City apparently caused by homemade vape pens 2023-05-11T04:00:00Z Any deformation in the corpuscle causes action potentials to be generated, by opening pressure-sensitive sodium ion channels in the axon membrane. Fundamentals of Biology 2015-01-01T00:00:00Z But his insight, gleaned from experiments with two postdoctoral assistants, was to craft the cathode with layers of lithium and cobalt oxide, which created pockets for the lithium ions. John B. Goodenough, 100, Dies; Nobel-Winning Creator of the Lithium-Ion Battery 2023-06-26T04:00:00Z A positively charged sodium ion is surrounded by the partially negative charges of oxygen atoms in water molecules. Concepts of Biology 2013-04-25T00:00:00Z Each ion can encode a qubit, a unit of quantum computation that can be ‘0’ or ‘1’ like ordinary bits, but also a superposition of both states simultaneously. Physicists Create Long-Sought Topological Quantum States 2023-05-10T04:00:00Z But in practice, these gatekeepers are often too zealous, slowing the passage of ions they are meant to let sail through, which saps device performance. New molecular membranes could slash costs for storing green energy 2023-04-26T04:00:00Z This allows sodium ions to influx in, creating a receptor potential. Fundamentals of Biology 2015-01-01T00:00:00Z Dr. Yoshino’s contribution, the Swedish Academy said, was to eliminate pure lithium from the battery, instead using only lithium ions, which are safer. John B. Goodenough, 100, Dies; Nobel-Winning Creator of the Lithium-Ion Battery 2023-06-26T04:00:00Z A negatively charged chloride ion is surrounded by the partially positive charges of hydrogen atoms in water molecules. Concepts of Biology 2013-04-25T00:00:00Z Quantinuum’s approach has an advantage: compared with most other types of qubit, the ions in its trap can be moved around and brought to interact with each other, which is how quantum computers perform computations. Physicists Create Long-Sought Topological Quantum States 2023-05-10T04:00:00Z Traditional membranes made from organic polymers do a decent job of ensuring that only potassium ions move back and forth. New molecular membranes could slash costs for storing green energy 2023-04-26T04:00:00Z As the openings for gas exchange, stomata help maintain a healthy water balance; a potassium ion pump supports this process. Fundamentals of Biology 2015-01-01T00:00:00Z While there are startups working on sodium ion batteries that could eventually provide a cheaper alternative for EVs, for many years to come the auto industry will be entirely dependent on lithium for its batteries. Chile's lithium move a further push for automakers to diversify supply chain 2023-04-24T04:00:00Z Likewise, if too much OH– is introduced into the system, carbonic acid will rapidly dissociate into bicarbonate and H+ ions. Concepts of Biology 2013-04-25T00:00:00Z The physicists exploited this flexibility to create an unusually complex form of quantum entanglement, in which all 32 ions share the same quantum state. Physicists Create Long-Sought Topological Quantum States 2023-05-10T04:00:00Z But the polymers in these membranes tend to continuously jiggle around, bumping into the ions and slowing their passage. New molecular membranes could slash costs for storing green energy 2023-04-26T04:00:00Z This influx of positive ions causes the neuron to depolarize, generating an action potential. Fundamentals of Biology 2015-01-01T00:00:00Z Now, in a new study published in Nature, scientists have managed to spot quantum tunneling in what classical physics would deem an impossible reaction between hydrogen molecules and deuterium ions—heavy, charged versions of hydrogen. Bizarre Quantum Tunneling Observation Throws Out All the Rules 2023-04-04T04:00:00Z The H+ ions can combine with the OH– ions, limiting the increase in pH. Concepts of Biology 2013-04-25T00:00:00Z The appearance of the pattern was confirmed by measurements of the state of the ions during and after the operation, Dreyer says. Physicists Create Long-Sought Topological Quantum States 2023-05-10T04:00:00Z The polymer is able to assemble into a rigid scaffold riddled with tiny pores that are small enough to exclude all but water molecules and the smallest ions from passing through. New molecular membranes could slash costs for storing green energy 2023-04-26T04:00:00Z Stretching and compressing the tip links may open an ion channel and produce the receptor potential in the hair cell. Fundamentals of Biology 2015-01-01T00:00:00Z This is the first time that researchers have managed to experimentally confirm a theoretical prediction about the rate of tunneling in a reaction involving ions. Bizarre Quantum Tunneling Observation Throws Out All the Rules 2023-04-04T04:00:00Z A solution with a high number of hydrogen ions is acidic and has a low pH value. Concepts of Biology 2013-04-25T00:00:00Z But some data suggests an upward trend: The number of smoke, fire or extreme heat events linked to lithium ion batteries on passenger or cargo planes reached a high of 68 last year. Why does flying seem so terrible right now? 2023-03-15T04:00:00Z Having the water molecules around is good, as they help charged ions slip through the pores. New molecular membranes could slash costs for storing green energy 2023-04-26T04:00:00Z Some act directly by ion channels, others act indirectly. Fundamentals of Biology 2015-01-01T00:00:00Z This happens when the three atoms of a hydrogen molecule and deuterium ion approach one another in a line, and one hydrogen atom hops over to bond with the deuterium instead. Bizarre Quantum Tunneling Observation Throws Out All the Rules 2023-04-04T04:00:00Z A solution with a high number of hydroxide ions is basic and has a high pH value. Concepts of Biology 2013-04-25T00:00:00Z The video, put together by University of Oregon chemist Checkers Marshall, aimed to explain their thesis on the frameworks, which are made up of metal ions bound to molecules. News at a glance: Removing race from genetics, rising U.S. death rates, and a very long neck 2023-03-15T04:00:00Z These groups act like a molecular bucket brigade to grab positively charged potassium ions and quickly pass them to the next tethered sulfonate in line, helping the ions zip through the membrane virtually unimpeded. New molecular membranes could slash costs for storing green energy 2023-04-26T04:00:00Z When seawater is used, however, the same electrical jolt that generates O2 at the anode also converts the chloride ions in saltwater into highly corrosive chlorine gas, which eats away at the electrodes and catalysts. Splitting seawater could provide an endless source of green hydrogen | Science | AAAS 2023-03-14T04:00:00Z The reaction between hydrogen gas and deuterium ions is simple enough that it’s possible to predict the reaction rate with quantum mechanics alone. Bizarre Quantum Tunneling Observation Throws Out All the Rules 2023-04-04T04:00:00Z Approximately how much of an increase in hydrogen ion concentration is there between tomato juice and lemon juice? Concepts of Biology 2013-04-25T00:00:00Z The dance video, in which the blue balloons stood in for ions, depicted how Marshall’s Ph.D. work aims to make these materials more effective for other applications, such as water filtration and nerve agent detoxification. News at a glance: Removing race from genetics, rising U.S. death rates, and a very long neck 2023-03-15T04:00:00Z They typically harbor two electrodes separated from one another by a membrane that regulates the flow of charge-carrying ions back and forth through a fluid electrolyte. New molecular membranes could slash costs for storing green energy 2023-04-26T04:00:00Z Qiao and his colleagues coated their electrodes with chromium oxide, which attracted a bubble of OH- ions that repelled chloride ions. Splitting seawater could provide an endless source of green hydrogen | Science | AAAS 2023-03-14T04:00:00Z In the reaction, a molecule of hydrogen gas collides with one deuterium ion to produce a hydrogen ion and a heavy, deuterium-containing hydrogen molecule. Bizarre Quantum Tunneling Observation Throws Out All the Rules 2023-04-04T04:00:00Z Because cells contain proteins, most of which are negatively charged, and because ions move into and out of cells, there is an electrical gradient, a difference of charge, across the plasma membrane. Concepts of Biology 2013-04-25T00:00:00Z The video portrayed different modification strategies, such as adding another molecule to stop the growth of the crystal, or taking an electron away to allow the metal ions to flow more freely through the structure. Lord of the Rings–quoting performance wins this year’s ‘Dance Your Ph.D.’ contest 2023-03-13T04:00:00Z When these devices charge or discharge, electrons travel through an external wire, and charge-carrying ions pass through the membrane from one electrode to the other to balance out the electrical charges. New molecular membranes could slash costs for storing green energy 2023-04-26T04:00:00Z The ions migrate through the membrane to the cathode where they combine with electrons to make H2. Splitting seawater could provide an endless source of green hydrogen | Science | AAAS 2023-03-14T04:00:00Z After waiting for about 15 minutes, the scientists measured how many hydrogen ions had been produced to find the reaction rate. Bizarre Quantum Tunneling Observation Throws Out All the Rules 2023-04-04T04:00:00Z The combined gradient that affects an ion includes its concentration gradient and its electrical gradient. Concepts of Biology 2013-04-25T00:00:00Z Marshall passes the fans back and forth in a coordinated fashion with a friend to symbolize electron exchanges between the metal ions. Lord of the Rings–quoting performance wins this year’s ‘Dance Your Ph.D.’ contest 2023-03-13T04:00:00Z The membrane plays a critical role, acting as a molecular gatekeeper to allow only certain ions through and block all others. New molecular membranes could slash costs for storing green energy 2023-04-26T04:00:00Z “The conditions have been fantastic. It’s the best I’ve had in ions,” he said. Relentless winter brings pros, cons for Tahoe ski resorts 2023-03-11T05:00:00Z Fifteen minutes doesn’t sound like much, but for classical reactions, scientists often take measurements “for 100 milliseconds, and they see almost all ions converted to product,” Wester says. Bizarre Quantum Tunneling Observation Throws Out All the Rules 2023-04-04T04:00:00Z The electrons are passed through a series of chemical reactions, with a small amount of free energy used at three points to transport hydrogen ions across the membrane. Concepts of Biology 2013-04-25T00:00:00Z Solomon says that hydrochloric acid latches onto the surface of the smoke particles and reacts with other molecules to produce molecular chlorine, which is broken down in sunlight to highly reactive ‘ozone-eating’ chlorine ions. Australia's Massive Wildfires Shredded the Ozone Layer—Now Scientists Know Why 2023-03-10T05:00:00Z Inside batteries, lithium ions flow through a liquid electrolyte, producing electricity. Global race to boost electric vehicle range in cold weather 2023-03-03T05:00:00Z The ChRmine gate is usually closed, but when the protein is exposed to light the gate opens and charged particles, mainly potassium ions, flow into cells. A racing heart makes the mind race, too, mouse study finds 2023-02-28T05:00:00Z “We waited 1,000 seconds, and less than 1 percent of the ions converted into products.” Bizarre Quantum Tunneling Observation Throws Out All the Rules 2023-04-04T04:00:00Z When an atom does not contain equal numbers of protons and electrons, it is called an ion. Concepts of Biology 2013-04-25T00:00:00Z Beneath an incredibly thin electrical conductor lies a small reservoir of water with copper ions dissolved inside. New Color-Changing Coating Could Both Heat and Cool Buildings 2023-02-27T05:00:00Z The University of Michigan’s Dasgupta says they’re developing new battery designs that allow ions to flow faster or enable fast charging in the cold. Global race to boost electric vehicle range in cold weather 2023-03-03T05:00:00Z The fundamental determinant "of the rate at which we can transition to sustainability is the rate at which we can grow the output of lithium ion batteries," he said in the interview. Musk's plan for a cheap Tesla car is what fans hope to hear this week 2023-02-27T05:00:00Z Tunneling occurred only about one in every 100 billion collisions between hydrogen and a deuterium ion, which agrees very well with Kokoouline and Yuen’s theoretical calculations. Bizarre Quantum Tunneling Observation Throws Out All the Rules 2023-04-04T04:00:00Z In both cases, this pH test measures the amount of hydrogen ions that exists in a given solution. Concepts of Biology 2013-04-25T00:00:00Z When salty water does freeze, the ice crystals that form are made of pure water with the sodium and chloride ions pushed out into the remaining liquid. Take Water. Add Sodium Chloride. Chill and Squeeze Into Salty Ices. 2023-02-25T05:00:00Z Its qubits can be fashioned of many things, such as ions, photons, and atoms. Quantum computers take key step toward curbing errors 2023-02-22T05:00:00Z A planned experiment there called NA61/SHINE will collide moving ions into a stationary target to measure the critical point when protons and neutrons turn into quark-gluon plasma. Tiny Bubbles of Primordial Soup Recreate Early Universe 2023-02-22T05:00:00Z Tunneling reactions between ions such as this one are thought to be important for chemical synthesis in the diffuse, interstellar soup of ionized gas that provides the raw material for new star systems. Bizarre Quantum Tunneling Observation Throws Out All the Rules 2023-04-04T04:00:00Z High concentrations of hydrogen ions yield a low pH, whereas low levels of hydrogen ions result in a high pH. Concepts of Biology 2013-04-25T00:00:00Z Meanwhile, DOE scientists will assess which lasers or alternatives, such as ion beams, are worth pursuing and hone target designs as well. Startups try to turn laser fusion success into clean power plants 2023-02-14T05:00:00Z However, ion systems may not scale as easily, and the Yale system is something of an “apples and oranges” comparison, Kuperberg notes. Quantum computers take key step toward curbing errors 2023-02-22T05:00:00Z Doing so revealed a thermal receptor called BRTNaC1, an ion channel that pumps electrically charged atoms between cells throughout the centipede’s antennae. These centipedes ‘see’ sunlight, even without eyes 2023-02-12T05:00:00Z The other uses excited states of individual ions trapped in a vacuum by electromagnetic fields. Underdog Technologies Gain Ground in Quantum-Computing Race 2023-02-13T05:00:00Z Therefore, the more hydrogen ions present, the lower the pH; conversely, the fewer hydrogen ions, the higher the pH. Concepts of Biology 2013-04-25T00:00:00Z Young salmon get a growth spurt when they first encounter salinity, and brackish water is optimal for salmon’s regulation of water and ions. Oceans away: Is raising salmon on land the next big thing in farming fish? 2023-02-09T05:00:00Z Based in Zug, Switzerland, with offices in Germany and Jordan, the company uses giant umbrella-shaped devices to charge humidity and clouds with what it says are rain-producing ions. Rainmaking Experiments Boom Amid Worsening Drought 2023-02-07T05:00:00Z Some people believe the lamps can “emit negative ions, which purifies the air as well,” he adds. Create a more calming home with a DIY meditation space 2023-01-24T05:00:00Z But in the past two years, qubits that consist of single neutral atoms — as opposed to ions — and are held with ‘tweezers’ made of laser light have suddenly become competitive. Underdog Technologies Gain Ground in Quantum-Computing Race 2023-02-13T05:00:00Z The amounts of water and ions reabsorbed into the circulatory system are carefully regulated and this is an important way the body regulates its water content and ion levels. Concepts of Biology 2013-04-25T00:00:00Z A second wake, known as an “ion tail,” which is tied to ultraviolet solar radiation causing electrons to leap from the coma, always points directly away from the sun because of the “solar wind.” How to see green comet passing Earth for first time in 50,000 years 2023-01-21T05:00:00Z Once the toxin reaches the worm’s neurons and muscle cells, it destabilizes the normal flow of ions across the cells’ membranes, causing catastrophic failure. The Toxin That Helps Oyster Mushrooms Devour Worm Flesh 2023-01-18T05:00:00Z At the same time, Americans are increasingly bringing into their homes things like scooters or electric bikes that use lithium ion batteries. Fires becoming deadlier as firefighter recruitment wanes 2023-01-12T05:00:00Z Typically, that has meant limiting the traps to rows of around 32 ions per chip. Underdog Technologies Gain Ground in Quantum-Computing Race 2023-02-13T05:00:00Z This voltage is called the resting membrane potential; it is caused by differences in the concentrations of ions inside and outside the cell and the selective permeability created by ion channels. Concepts of Biology 2013-04-25T00:00:00Z “Still, telescopic images are needed to show any hint of the comet’s pretty green coma, stubby whitish dust tail, and long ion tail.” How to see green comet passing Earth for first time in 50,000 years 2023-01-21T05:00:00Z In particular, the photons can act like tiny lasers, scanning the nuclei of the gold ions they collide with. Scientists See Quantum Interference between Different Kinds of Particles for First Time 2023-01-11T05:00:00Z The cell expands from the water, activating another channel that takes in calcium ions. How cancer cells move and metastasize is influenced by the fluids surrounding them 2023-01-10T05:00:00Z In laboratory experiments, trapped ions have reached fidelities as high as 99.99%, according to a spokesperson for the company. Underdog Technologies Gain Ground in Quantum-Computing Race 2023-02-13T05:00:00Z Sodium-potassium pumps in the membrane produce the different ion concentrations inside and outside of the cell by bringing in two K+ ions and removing three Na+ ions. Concepts of Biology 2013-04-25T00:00:00Z This would form a lattice of ions held together by these magnetic forces. A weird, dead magnetized star has a solid surface — and a ring 2023-01-09T05:00:00Z By measuring the momentum of the pions, researchers can get a picture of the density of the thing the photon bounced off of—in this case, the subatomic particles making up the ion’s nucleus. Scientists See Quantum Interference between Different Kinds of Particles for First Time 2023-01-11T05:00:00Z These calcium ions activate another type of protein filament called myosin that induces the cell to move. How cancer cells move and metastasize is influenced by the fluids surrounding them 2023-01-10T05:00:00Z The comet, which has a bright green core with a short, broad dust tail and long ion tail, was captured by astronomy photographer Dan Bartlett in December. Newly discovered comet may be visible to naked eye this month 2023-01-09T05:00:00Z When neurotransmitter molecules bind to receptors located on a neuron’s dendrites, the neurotransmitter opens ion channels in the dendrite’s plasma membrane. Concepts of Biology 2013-04-25T00:00:00Z With the company Kirin Holdings, Miyashita’s team developed specialized chopsticks: a weak electrical current runs through this novel cutlery, shifting the sodium ions in a mouthful of food to excite the tongue’s salt receptors. Flavor-Enhancing Spoons and Chopsticks Could Make Food Taste Better 2023-01-09T05:00:00Z The forming spore stockpiles charged potassium ions, creating a “biological capacitor” that stores electrical energy, Süel says. Electric Countdown Tells Sleeping Spores When to Wake Up 2022-12-29T05:00:00Z When a battery is used, lithium ions move from the anode to the cathode. Electric Cars Are Taking Off, but When Will Battery Recycling Follow? 2022-12-21T05:00:00Z In the other, a team detailed how precise patterns of laser pulses coaxed strings of ions into behaving like a never-before-seen phase of matter occupying two time dimensions. 6 Times Quantum Physics Blew Our Minds in 2022 2022-12-19T05:00:00Z The kidneys are the main osmoregulatory organs in mammalian systems; they function to filter blood and maintain the dissolved ion concentrations of body fluids. Concepts of Biology 2013-04-25T00:00:00Z But as it dissolves in the water, the CO2 combines with calcium and other ions, depleting them. Ocean geoengineering scheme aces its first field test 2022-12-15T05:00:00Z Venus flytraps snap shut using an electric countdown, and all cells harness ion flows to process energy. Electric Countdown Tells Sleeping Spores When to Wake Up 2022-12-29T05:00:00Z “There are always inevitable losses along the process of creating a cell for a lithium ion battery,” said Sarah Colbourn, a research analyst at Benchmark Mineral Intelligence. Electric Cars Are Taking Off, but When Will Battery Recycling Follow? 2022-12-21T05:00:00Z But getting hydrogen ions to fuse into helium and release energy requires temperatures of more than 100 million degrees Celsius—conditions that are hard to achieve and sustain. With historic explosion, a long sought fusion breakthrough 2022-12-13T05:00:00Z In marine nematodes, regulation of water and salt is achieved by specialized glands that remove unwanted ions while maintaining internal body fluid concentrations. Concepts of Biology 2013-04-25T00:00:00Z The main type of rechargeable battery in portable consumer electronics, they consist of two electrodes divided by a separator that allows charged particles - lithium ions - to flow, through a solvent, from one to the other. Batteries linked to hundreds of waste fires 2022-11-30T05:00:00Z “What other aspects of biology can we better understand by keeping in mind that it’s not just all about gene expression and proteins and DNA—but these charged ions?” Electric Countdown Tells Sleeping Spores When to Wake Up 2022-12-29T05:00:00Z Within these segments are numerous, extremely cold vacuum chambers that alternatively pull and push the ions using powerful electromagnetic pulses. A particle accelerator that just turned on could reveal rare forms of matter 2022-11-26T05:00:00Z In one, a proton bonds directly to a single water molecule, turning it from a neutral molecule into a positive ion. In a First, Scientists See How Water Stores Extra Protons 2022-11-23T05:00:00Z These receptor molecules are chemically regulated ion channels and will open, allowing sodium to enter the cell. Concepts of Biology 2013-04-25T00:00:00Z Recharging the battery pushes the ions back to where they started. Batteries linked to hundreds of waste fires 2022-11-30T05:00:00Z For instance, they might add a simple polymer coating that would bind to nearby ions or proteins. Tiny ‘Rover’ Explores Cells without Harming Them 2022-11-21T05:00:00Z To create radioactive isotopes, you only need to smash this beam of ions into a solid target like a piece of beryllium metal or a rotating disk of carbon. A particle accelerator that just turned on could reveal rare forms of matter 2022-11-26T05:00:00Z Today's EVs run on lithium ion batteries — mostly made with lithium, cobalt, manganese and high-grade nickel, whose prices have soared. EV battery makers race to develop cheaper cell materials, skirting China 2022-11-15T05:00:00Z It is polar, allowing for the formation of hydrogen bonds, which allow ions and other polar molecules to dissolve in water. Concepts of Biology 2013-04-25T00:00:00Z A bottle of blue, 36-index fluid from Bondol Labs; designed for “frozen, refrigerated and cold bodies,” it contained salts with large ions to draw fluid out of the skin and keep it in the capillaries. The Fading Art of Preserving the Dead 2022-11-01T04:00:00Z By measuring these changes, researchers could assess a cell’s protein or ion levels. Tiny ‘Rover’ Explores Cells without Harming Them 2022-11-21T05:00:00Z The impact of the ion beam on the fragmentation target breaks the nucleus of the stable isotope apart and produces many hundreds of rare isotopes simultaneously. A particle accelerator that just turned on could reveal rare forms of matter 2022-11-26T05:00:00Z The EVs of the future — those arriving after 2025 — could shift to sodium ion or lithium sulfur battery cells that could be up to two-thirds cheaper than today's lithium ion cells. EV battery makers race to develop cheaper cell materials, skirting China 2022-11-15T05:00:00Z Some active transport mechanisms move small-molecular weight material, such as ions, through the membrane. Concepts of Biology 2013-04-25T00:00:00Z In current batteries, lithium ions move from anode to cathode, generating electricity by splitting into charged ions and electrons. Insider Q&A: Company’s chemistry could cut EV battery costs 2022-10-31T04:00:00Z Even after the elect ion, disputes on the future of the biome will keep pressing the capital, Brasília. The winner of the election will likely play a major role in deciding the fate of the Amazon rainforest. 2022-10-30T04:00:00Z The FDSi device recorded the time each ion arrived, what isotope it was and when it decayed away. A particle accelerator that just turned on could reveal rare forms of matter 2022-11-26T05:00:00Z Sodium ion batteries don't yet store enough energy, while sulfur cells tend to corrode quickly and don't last long. EV battery makers race to develop cheaper cell materials, skirting China 2022-11-15T05:00:00Z In addition to moving small ions and molecules through the membrane, cells also need to remove and take in larger molecules and particles. Concepts of Biology 2013-04-25T00:00:00Z Dr. Hunting acknowledged these limitations and unknowns, but he said further research would likely reveal that insect swarms influence the density of aerosols and ions in the atmosphere and might affect cloud formation. There’s Lightning Brewing in Every Swarm of Insects 2022-10-26T04:00:00Z Our skies are filled with molecules called ions that are bristling with electric energy. Insect swarms create so much electricity that they may influence weather, study finds 2022-10-26T04:00:00Z Five years ago, I discovered that copper ions bond with asphalt molecules. Make your asphalt shingles last 50 years 2022-10-25T04:00:00Z Battery developers hope they can add sodium ion and lithium sulfur batteries to the range open to the auto industry. EV battery makers race to develop cheaper cell materials, skirting China 2022-11-15T05:00:00Z The combined gradient that affects an ion is called its electrochemical gradient, and it is especially important to muscle and nerve cells. Concepts of Biology 2013-04-25T00:00:00Z Whether we get there by solar sails or ion thrusters or nuclear bombs, the advances we make in pursuit of interstellar travel will likely also change the way we live on Earth. Uncertainty Can Speed Up Climate Action 2022-10-15T04:00:00Z TRPA1 encodes an ion channel that opens and closes in response to temperature changes, setting off a cascade of signals that can be relayed to the brain or to other parts of the snake’s body. Secrets of Tibet’s hot-spring snakes revealed 2022-10-11T04:00:00Z Each time it rains, copper ions wash off the strips and bond with the asphalt that you can see in between the colored ceramic granules. Make your asphalt shingles last 50 years 2022-10-25T04:00:00Z However, policymakers and firms seem to have prematurely decided that lithium ion is the one when it comes to this crucial technology. Tesla’s big batteries aren’t the fire problem — lithium is 2022-10-03T04:00:00Z With the exception of ions, small substances constantly pass through plasma membranes. Concepts of Biology 2013-04-25T00:00:00Z Many researchers and pilots are working on alternatives to lithium ion batteries, however, largely because their intrinsic chemistry limits them to around four hours of storage and a longer duration would be more useful. North America’s first wind-solar-battery plant in tiny Oregon town 2022-09-28T04:00:00Z Other options on the table include ion beams and gravity tractors to push incoming objects away from us. NASA pulls a "Deep Impact" as its spacecraft collides with an asteroid 2022-09-27T04:00:00Z The sun launches photons at your roof constantly, and when they hit the copper at a speed of 186,000 miles per hour, they dislodge the copper ions. Make your asphalt shingles last 50 years 2022-10-25T04:00:00Z The cell-level cost of these is far lower than lithium ion. Tesla’s big batteries aren’t the fire problem — lithium is 2022-10-03T04:00:00Z Active transport maintains concentrations of ions and other substances needed by living cells in the face of these passive changes. Concepts of Biology 2013-04-25T00:00:00Z "Someone actually designed it poorly and most of them actually have a cheaper version of Lithium ion batteries," which could be more dangerous, he added. Electric bike caused fatal Bristol flat fire, council says 2022-09-26T04:00:00Z Firing an ion engine, the tractor would in theory be able to pull the asteroid away from a collision course with Earth. NASA’s Asteroid-Crashing DART Mission Is Ready for Impact 2022-09-21T04:00:00Z As they are charged, lithium ions flow from the positive area of the battery — know as the cathode — to the negative area known as the anode. WA will be a launch pad for silicon technology to boost EV batteries 2022-09-17T04:00:00Z By using new materials for electrodes or charge-carrying ions, he and others have already come up with promising candidates. California’s move to phase out gas-powered cars could spark battery innovations 2022-09-06T04:00:00Z This electron transport system uses the energy from the electron to pump hydrogen ions into the interior of the thylakoid. Concepts of Biology 2013-04-25T00:00:00Z An initial aim, Klinger says, is to get the ion temperature up to 50 million degrees Celsius for 100 seconds. Twisty device explores alternative path to fusion 2022-09-06T04:00:00Z Alternatively, the thrust from an ion engine could also nudge a small asteroid away from Earth. NASA’s Asteroid-Crashing DART Mission Is Ready for Impact 2022-09-21T04:00:00Z The lithium ions release their current — powering a vehicle — as they move back through electrolyte liquids to the positively-charged cathode. WA will be a launch pad for silicon technology to boost EV batteries 2022-09-17T04:00:00Z Graphite has dominated the market because it’s cheap, abundant, and able to store enough lithium ions to give cars a range of about 500 kilometers. California’s move to phase out gas-powered cars could spark battery innovations 2022-09-06T04:00:00Z Calcitonin is released in response to rising calcium ion concentrations in the blood and has the effect of reducing those levels. Concepts of Biology 2013-04-25T00:00:00Z These ions are located both inside and outside of living cells. College Physics for AP Courses 2015-08-12T00:00:00Z As another example, the thiocyanate ion, an ion formed from a carbon atom, a nitrogen atom, and a sulfur atom, could have three different molecular structures: NCS–, CNS–, or CSN–. Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z Water also attracts or is attracted to other polar molecules and ions. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z During charging, the applied voltage pushes electrons into the graphite, attracting lithium ions from the other electrode, the cathode. California’s move to phase out gas-powered cars could spark battery innovations 2022-09-06T04:00:00Z The main mineralocorticoid is aldosterone, which regulates the concentration of ions in urine, sweat, and saliva. Concepts of Biology 2013-04-25T00:00:00Z An ion source inside the sphere produces positive ions, which are accelerated away from the positive sphere to high velocities. College Physics for AP Courses 2015-08-12T00:00:00Z The charges of anions formed by the nonmetals may also be readily determined because these ions form when nonmetal atoms gain enough electrons to fill their valence shells. Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z Hydrogen bonds allow ions and other polar molecules to dissolve in water. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z But these nearly 500-volt chargers can cause lithium ions in the graphite to pile up into metal needles called dendrites that can short out the battery and cause it to catch fire. California’s move to phase out gas-powered cars could spark battery innovations 2022-09-06T04:00:00Z The bilayer lipid membrane that surrounds a neuron is impermeable to ions. Concepts of Biology 2013-04-25T00:00:00Z Similarly, an ion with a double positive charge accelerated through 100 V will be given 200 eV of energy. College Physics for AP Courses 2015-08-12T00:00:00Z For ionic bonds, the lattice energy is the energy required to separate one mole of a compound into its gas phase ions. Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z The pH value is a measure of hydrogen ion concentration in a solution and is one of many chemical characteristics that is highly regulated in living organisms through homeostasis. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z Each silicon atom is able to bind four lithium ions, compared with only one for every six carbon atoms in graphite. California’s move to phase out gas-powered cars could spark battery innovations 2022-09-06T04:00:00Z This will cause voltage dependent Na+ channels further down the axon to open and more positive ions to enter the cell. Concepts of Biology 2013-04-25T00:00:00Z The membrane sets a cell off from its surroundings and also allows ions to selectively pass in and out of the cell. College Physics for AP Courses 2015-08-12T00:00:00Z Cesium ions and chloride ions touch along the body diagonals of the unit cells. Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z Buffers absorb extra hydrogen ions to prevent increases or decreases in pH. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z This material’s very high surface area enables it to hold lots of lithium, and the larger channels enable lithium ions to race through, resulting in faster charging. California’s move to phase out gas-powered cars could spark battery innovations 2022-09-06T04:00:00Z K+ ions continue to leave the cell and the membrane potential returns to the resting potential. Concepts of Biology 2013-04-25T00:00:00Z As discussed in Molecular Transport Phenomena: Diffusion, Osmosis, and Related Processes, free ions will diffuse from a region of high concentration to one of low concentration. College Physics for AP Courses 2015-08-12T00:00:00Z Note that there is no lattice point in the center of the cell, and CsCl is not a BCC structure because a cesium ion is not identical to a chloride ion. Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z Examine relative concentrations of potassium and magnesium ions in terrestrial and marine organisms. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z And unlike silicon, the structure of the niobium-oxide does not change when it grabs and releases lithium ions. California’s move to phase out gas-powered cars could spark battery innovations 2022-09-06T04:00:00Z The nuclear envelope is punctuated with pores that control the passage of ions, molecules, and RNA between the nucleoplasm and the cytoplasm. Concepts of Biology 2013-04-25T00:00:00Z But the cell membrane is semipermeable, meaning that some ions may cross it while others cannot. College Physics for AP Courses 2015-08-12T00:00:00Z This is illustrated by an alternate description of the CsCl structure in which the lattice points are located in the centers of the cesium ions. Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z Arsenic poisoning affects the oxidative phosphorylation pathway, leading to decreased transport of Na+ ions outside the epithelial cells. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z Lithium ions nestle close to niobium atoms during charging and simply drift away during discharge, causing less damage to the battery as it goes through repeated charge/discharge cycles. California’s move to phase out gas-powered cars could spark battery innovations 2022-09-06T04:00:00Z Additionally, whereas small ions could easily slip through the spaces in the mosaic of the membrane, their charge prevents them from doing so. Concepts of Biology 2013-04-25T00:00:00Z The Coulomb force prevents the ions from diffusing across in their entirety. College Physics for AP Courses 2015-08-12T00:00:00Z In this description, the cesium ions are located on the lattice points at the corners of the cell, and the chloride ion is located at the center of the cell. Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z Arsenic poisoning disrupts the binding sites for Cl− ions, leading to decreased transport of Cl− ions outside the epithelial cells. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z Replacing the charge-carrying lithium ions with other materials can help as well. California’s move to phase out gas-powered cars could spark battery innovations 2022-09-06T04:00:00Z The plasma membrane regulates the passage of some substances, such as organic molecules, ions, and water, preventing the passage of some to maintain internal conditions, while actively bringing in or removing others. Concepts of Biology 2013-04-25T00:00:00Z Figure 20.31 The semipermeable membrane of a cell has different concentrations of ions inside and out. College Physics for AP Courses 2015-08-12T00:00:00Z The sodium and chloride ions touch each other along the cell edges. Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z The amino acid residues can provide certain ions or chemical groups that actually form covalent bonds with substrate molecules as a necessary step of the reaction process. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z In the 24 August issue of Nature, for example, Donald Sadoway, a chemist at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, and his colleagues reported a novel battery design that relies on aluminum ions. California’s move to phase out gas-powered cars could spark battery innovations 2022-09-06T04:00:00Z Cofactors are inorganic ions such as ions of iron and magnesium. Concepts of Biology 2013-04-25T00:00:00Z Diffusion moves the K+ and Cl- ions in the direction shown, until the Coulomb force halts further transfer. College Physics for AP Courses 2015-08-12T00:00:00Z The carbon dioxide was then dissolved in water, reacting to produce hydrogen carbonate, a weak acid that subsequently ionized to yield bicarbonate and hydrogen ions: Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z The free energy derived from exergonic ATP hydrolysis is used to pump sodium and potassium ions across the cell membrane. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z The battery must operate at near the boiling point of water to allow aluminum ions to move through the device’s molten salt electrolyte, which ferries ions between the electrodes. California’s move to phase out gas-powered cars could spark battery innovations 2022-09-06T04:00:00Z The oxygen with its extra electrons then combines with two hydrogen ions, further enhancing the electrochemical gradient, to form water. Concepts of Biology 2013-04-25T00:00:00Z Depolarization occurs when a stimulus makes the membrane permeable to Na+ ions. College Physics for AP Courses 2015-08-12T00:00:00Z Among the solubility rules previously discussed is the statement: Carbonates, phosphates, borates, and arsenates—except those of the ammonium ion and the alkali metals—are insoluble. Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z This action builds up a high concentration of H+ ions, and as they flow through ATP synthase, molecules of ATP are formed. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z The ions in the inner parts of Jupiter’s magnetosphere rotate with the same period as Jupiter. Astronomy 2016-10-13T00:00:00Z Primary active transport moves ions across a membrane and creates a difference in charge across that membrane. Concepts of Biology 2013-04-25T00:00:00Z Only small fractions of the ions move, so that the cell can fire many hundreds of times without depleting the excess concentrations of Na+ and K+ . College Physics for AP Courses 2015-08-12T00:00:00Z Within a few minutes, a portion of the solution phase is sampled and tests positive for radioactive Ag+ ions. Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z Aldosterone is a steroid hormone that regulates reabsorption of sodium ions in the kidney tubular cells. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z Will these ions strike Io from behind or in front as it moves about Jupiter? Astronomy 2016-10-13T00:00:00Z The primary active transport system uses ATP to move a substance, such as an ion, into the cell, and often at the same time, a second substance is moved out of the cell. Concepts of Biology 2013-04-25T00:00:00Z Eventually, the cell must replenish these ions to maintain the concentration differences that create bioelectricity. College Physics for AP Courses 2015-08-12T00:00:00Z The sodium ion does not undergo appreciable acid or base ionization and has no effect on the solution pH. Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z Contact of the receptor with the extracellular matrix helps maintain concentration gradients across membrane, resulting in the flow of ions. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z The regions of high-energy ions in the magnetosphere are often called the Van Allen belts in recognition of the University of Iowa professor who built the scientific instrumentation for Explorer 1. Astronomy 2016-10-13T00:00:00Z ATP itself is formed through secondary active transport using a hydrogen ion gradient in the mitochondrion. Concepts of Biology 2013-04-25T00:00:00Z This sodium-potassium pump is an example of active transport, wherein cell energy is used to move ions across membranes against diffusion gradients and the Coulomb force. College Physics for AP Courses 2015-08-12T00:00:00Z This may seem obvious from the ion's formula, which indicates no hydrogen or oxygen atoms, but some dissolved metal ions function as weak acids, as addressed later in this section. Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z Decreasing the concentration of free calcium ions will prevent heterocyst development. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z The brightest part of the tail is called the dust tail, to differentiate it from a fainter, straight tail made of ionized gas, called the ion tail. Astronomy 2016-10-13T00:00:00Z As the electron passes along these proteins, energy from the electron fuels membrane pumps that actively move hydrogen ions against their concentration gradient from the stroma into the thylakoid space. Concepts of Biology 2013-04-25T00:00:00Z Construct a problem in which you calculate the magnetic field strength needed to separate two ions that differ in mass, but not charge, and have the same initial velocity. College Physics for AP Courses 2015-08-12T00:00:00Z Likewise, some salts contain a single ion that is amphiprotic, and so the relative strengths of this ion’s acid and base character will determine its effect on solution pH. Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z Nitrogen is recycled in nature from organic compounds to ammonia, ammonium ions, nitrite, nitrate, and nitrogen gas. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z Gas found near hot stars emits light by fluorescence, that is, light is emitted when an electron is captured by an ion and cascades down to lower-energy levels. Astronomy 2016-10-13T00:00:00Z This potential energy is harvested and stored as chemical energy in ATP through chemiosmosis, the movement of hydrogen ions down their electrochemical gradient through the transmembrane enzyme ATP synthase, just as in the mitochondrion. Concepts of Biology 2013-04-25T00:00:00Z In a similar manner, at molecular levels, ions cross cell membranes and transfer information. College Physics for AP Courses 2015-08-12T00:00:00Z Sometimes equilibria for complex ions are described in terms of dissociation constants, Kd. Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z Its selectively permeable nature keeps ions, proteins, and other molecules within the cell and prevents them from diffusing into the extracellular environment, while other molecules may move through the membrane. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z The rate at which ions and electrons recombine also depends on their relative speeds—that is, on the temperature. Astronomy 2016-10-13T00:00:00Z The energy generated by the hydrogen ion stream allows ATP synthase to attach a third phosphate to ADP, which forms a molecule of ATP in a process called photophosphorylation. Concepts of Biology 2013-04-25T00:00:00Z For example, water molecules gather ions much more effectively because they have an electric field and a separation of charge to attract charges of both signs. College Physics for AP Courses 2015-08-12T00:00:00Z We have seen an introductory definition of an acid: An acid is a compound that reacts with water and increases the amount of hydronium ion present. Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z It is a macronutrient, and in nature, it is recycled from organic compounds to ammonia, ammonium ions, nitrate, nitrite, and nitrogen gas by myriad processes, many of which are carried out only by prokaryotes. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z Each time an electron is removed from the atom, the energy levels of the ion, and thus the wavelengths of the spectral lines it can produce, change. Astronomy 2016-10-13T00:00:00Z In the electron transport chain, the free energy from the series of reactions just described is used to pump hydrogen ions across the membrane. Concepts of Biology 2013-04-25T00:00:00Z Figure 19.32 The semipermeable membrane of a cell has different concentrations of ions inside and out. College Physics for AP Courses 2015-08-12T00:00:00Z Thermodynamics thus predicts that water would be more readily oxidized, though in practice it is observed that both water and chloride ion are oxidized under typical conditions, producing a mixture of oxygen and chlorine gas. Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z Glial cells—often thought of as the “supporting cast” of the nervous system—outnumber neurons and play a role in the development of neurons, buffer harmful ions and chemicals, and provide myelin sheaths around neurons. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z This helps astronomers differentiate the ions of a given element. Astronomy 2016-10-13T00:00:00Z The uneven distribution of H+ ions across the membrane establishes an electrochemical gradient, owing to the H+ ions’ positive charge and their higher concentration on one side of the membrane. Concepts of Biology 2013-04-25T00:00:00Z Membrane walls of living cells have surprisingly large electric fields across them due to separation of ions. College Physics for AP Courses 2015-08-12T00:00:00Z Reduction of aluminum ions to the metal occurs at the cathode, while oxygen, carbon monoxide, and carbon dioxide form at the anode. Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z These ion channels are sensitive to the environment and can change their shape accordingly. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z You can see the comet’s long blue ion tail and the shorter white dust tail. Astronomy 2016-10-13T00:00:00Z At the end of the electron transport system, the electrons are used to reduce an oxygen molecule to oxygen ions. Concepts of Biology 2013-04-25T00:00:00Z When wet, salts go into ion form, lowering the resistance significantly. College Physics for AP Courses 2015-08-12T00:00:00Z Borate anions range from the simple trigonal planar ion to complex species containing chains and rings of three- and four-coordinated boron atoms. Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z When the membrane is at rest, K+ ions accumulate inside the cell due to a net movement with the concentration gradient. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z If an atom has lost one or more electrons, it is called an ion and is said to be ionized. Astronomy 2016-10-13T00:00:00Z Oxygen and hydrogen ions are also formed from the splitting of water. Concepts of Biology 2013-04-25T00:00:00Z It is caused by movements of ions across the cell membrane as shown. College Physics for AP Courses 2015-08-12T00:00:00Z The acid ionizes in two stages, yielding hydrogen sulfide ions, HS−, in the first stage and sulfide ions, S2−, in the second. Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z Recall that sodium potassium pumps brings two K+ ions into the cell while removing three Na+ ions per ATP consumed. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z The spectra of different ions look different and can tell astronomers about the temperatures of the sources they are observing. Astronomy 2016-10-13T00:00:00Z The hydrogen ions play critical roles in the remainder of the light-dependent reactions. Concepts of Biology 2013-04-25T00:00:00Z Current is the flow of free charges, such as electrons and ions. College Physics for AP Courses 2015-08-12T00:00:00Z All of these molecules and ions contain polar bonds. Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z Flow of ions through these channels, particularly the Na+ channels, regenerates the action potential over and over again along the axon. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z Creating a real black hole is beyond them, but experimentalists are looking at the same chaotic dynamics in ions, condensates and other material systems. How Physicists Cracked a Black Hole Paradox 2022-08-20T04:00:00Z Energy travels through the electron transport chain, which pumps hydrogen ions into the thylakoid space. Concepts of Biology 2013-04-25T00:00:00Z The velocity selector has both an electric field and a magnetic field, perpendicular to one another, producing forces in opposite directions on the ions. College Physics for AP Courses 2015-08-12T00:00:00Z Crystals of NaCl dissolve in water, a polar liquid with a very large dipole moment, and the individual ions become strongly solvated. Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z Calcium ions entering the cell initiate a signaling cascade that causes small membrane-bound vesicles, called synaptic vesicles, containing neurotransmitter molecules to fuse with the presynaptic membrane. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z To determine whether a solution is acidic or alkaline, we find its pH, which is a measure of the number of active positive hydrogen ions in the solution. College Algebra with Corequisite Support 2020-09-23T00:00:00Z An electrolyte is a compound that dissociates into ions when dissolved in water. Concepts of Biology 2013-04-25T00:00:00Z Among the things to consider are the types of ions, the velocities they can be given before entering the magnetic field, and a reasonable value for the radius of curvature of the paths they follow. College Physics for AP Courses 2015-08-12T00:00:00Z Hydrogen ion cannot appear as a reactant because its concentration is essentially zero. Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z In addition to the ions that carry this current, other molecules, such as ATP, can diffuse through the large gap junction pores. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z What’s left behind, Trang says, is mostly easily captured fluorine ions, and a mixture of harmless, naturally occurring carbon and oxygen containing byproducts, her team reports today in Science. Simple mix of soap and solvent could help destroy ‘forever chemicals’ 2022-08-17T04:00:00Z A nonelectrolyte, in contrast, does not dissociate into ions in water. Concepts of Biology 2013-04-25T00:00:00Z In addition, calculate the separation distance between the ions at the point where they are detected. College Physics for AP Courses 2015-08-12T00:00:00Z Metals with lower reduction potentials reduce the hydrogen ion in dilute acids to produce hydrogen gas and metal salts. Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z Why would it be impossible to trigger an action potential without voltage-gated ion channels? Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z The oxygen ions then combine with each other to produce oxygen gas. Plasma reactors could create oxygen on Mars 2022-08-15T04:00:00Z As materials pass through the tubule much of the water, required ions, and useful compounds are reabsorbed back into the capillaries that surround the tubules leaving the wastes behind. Concepts of Biology 2013-04-25T00:00:00Z Since Faraday’s experiments with electroplating in the 1830s, it had been known that about 100,000 C per mole was needed to plate singly ionized ions. College Physics for AP Courses 2015-08-12T00:00:00Z Hydrogen may also reduce the metal ions in some metal oxides to lower oxidation states: Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z The extracellular space has a high concentration of sodium ions. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z A beam of electrons, accelerated to a specific energy level, can split carbon dioxide into its component ions, or plasma, just like MOXIE. Plasma reactors could create oxygen on Mars 2022-08-15T04:00:00Z Some wastes, including ions and some drugs remaining in the blood, diffuse out of the capillaries into the interstitial fluid and are taken up by the tubule cells. Concepts of Biology 2013-04-25T00:00:00Z A particle of ionizing radiation creates 4000 ion pairs in the gas inside a Geiger tube as it passes through. College Physics for AP Courses 2015-08-12T00:00:00Z The important aspect of complex ions for this chapter is that they form by a Lewis acid-base reaction with the metal being the Lewis acid. Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z Salty foods are valuable in maintaining homeostasis by helping the body retain water and by providing ions necessary for cells to function. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z CubeSats are easy to assemble out of standardized parts—from thrifty ion propulsions systems to pint-size radio transmitters—supplied by a growing commercial base. Stowaways on NASA’s massive Moon rocket promise big science in small packages 2022-08-15T04:00:00Z Parathyroid hormone increases blood calcium concentrations when calcium ion levels fall below normal. Concepts of Biology 2013-04-25T00:00:00Z Suppose a particle of ionizing radiation deposits 1.0 MeV in the gas of a Geiger tube, all of which goes to creating ion pairs. College Physics for AP Courses 2015-08-12T00:00:00Z In addition, transition metals form a wide variety of stable coordination compounds, in which the central metal atom or ion acts as a Lewis acid and accepts one or more pairs of electrons. Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z Iodine is formed from iodide ions that are actively transported into the thyroid follicle from the bloodstream. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z When hydrogen ions in the wind strike oxygen-bearing minerals in lunar soil, it creates hydroxyl, which can be transformed into water through subsequent reactions. Stowaways on NASA’s massive Moon rocket promise big science in small packages 2022-08-15T04:00:00Z Aldosterone release from the adrenal cortex is stimulated by a decrease in blood concentrations of sodium ions, blood volume, or blood pressure, or by an increase in blood potassium levels. Concepts of Biology 2013-04-25T00:00:00Z What is the current if this last effect multiplies the number of ion pairs by 900? College Physics for AP Courses 2015-08-12T00:00:00Z Many different molecules and ions can donate lone pairs to the metal center, serving as Lewis bases. Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z PTH increases blood calcium concentrations when calcium ion levels fall below normal. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z In the fast-moving blur of deadline day, that seemed like an ion ago. Mariners didn’t perform magic on deadline but it could be coming with reinforcements 2022-08-02T04:00:00Z |
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