| 单词 | intermolecular |
| 例句 | Dr. Izawa points out: "The intermolecular interactions at the D/A interface play a significant role in CT state formation, with stronger interactions yielding superior results." Novel organic light-emitting diode with ultralow turn-on voltage for blue emission 2023-09-20T04:00:00Z The more compact shape of isopentane offers a smaller surface area available for intermolecular contact and, therefore, weaker dispersion forces. Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z This type of bond has the smallest interaction energy of all intermolecular forces; as temperature increases, these bonds are broken. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z Solving the structure of human H ferritin by genetically engineering intermolecular crystal contacts. Hyperexpandable, self-healing macromolecular crystals with integrated polymer networks 2018-05-01T04:00:00Z Atom–atom repulsion and dispersion interactions were modelled using a revised Williams intermolecular potential37. Functional materials discovery using energy–structure–function maps : Nature : Nature Research 2017-03-21T04:00:00Z The repeating substructure consists of two layers of intermolecular β-sheets that run in the direction of the fibre axis. The activities of amyloids from a structural perspective : Nature : Nature Research 2016-11-08T05:00:00Z Neopentane molecules are the most compact of the three, offering the least available surface area for intermolecular contact and, hence, the weakest dispersion forces. Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z For the intermolecular interactions shown in Extended Data Figs 2 and 3 and and , the maximal cut-off distances used were 4 Å and 4.75 Å for polar and van der Waals contacts, respectively. Structural basis of potent Zika–dengue virus antibody cross-neutralization : Nature : Nature Research 2016-06-22T04:00:00Z He thinks the space environment may also be messing with capillary action — the intermolecular attraction between the liquid and solid materials. Whiskey aged in space tastes like throat lozenges and rubbery smoke 2015-09-10T04:00:00Z Atom–atom repulsion and dispersion interactions were modelled using the W99 intermolecular potential with the addition of isotropic parameters for sulfur. Functional materials discovery using energy–structure–function maps : Nature : Nature Research 2017-03-21T04:00:00Z Another question focused on why amyloid fibrils consist generally of a single protein and do not contain mixtures of proteins as would be expected if they were held together mainly by intermolecular backbone hydrogen bonds. The activities of amyloids from a structural perspective : Nature : Nature Research 2016-11-08T05:00:00Z The changes in state as one moves down the halogen family offer excellent examples of the increasing strength of intermolecular London forces with increasing molecular mass and increasing polarizability. Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z It is a consequence of intermolecular interactions, notably hydrogen bonding among nearby water molecules. Is Consciousness Universal? 2014-01-01T05:45:00.400Z This model explains the high antiviral activity of two drug classes important for successful HIV-1 treatment and defines a characteristic of good targets for antiviral drugs in general, namely, intermolecular cooperativity. [Research Articles] A Critical Subset Model Provides a Conceptual Basis for the High Antiviral Activity of Major HIV Drugs 2011-07-13T19:55:15.333Z It is necessary, therefore, to avoid reactions involving such intermolecular migrations when determining the orientation of aromatic compounds. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 6, Slice 1 "Châtelet" to "Chicago" Each protein molecule contributes two windings of a helix to the length of the fibril so that the β-strands alternate between intermolecular and intramolecular hydrogen bonding along the axis of the fibre. The activities of amyloids from a structural perspective : Nature : Nature Research 2016-11-08T05:00:00Z At low pressures, the correction factor for intermolecular attractions is more significant, and the effect of the volume of the gas molecules on Z would be a small lowering compressibility. Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z How is it, for example, that the molecules of water are able to loosen the intermolecular bonds of the sugar particles, enabling them to scamper apart? A History of Science, Volume 5(of 5) Aspects Of Recent Science This substance, originally conceived to occupy the intermolecular spaces and to serve as a medium for the propagation of undulations, is now regarded by many physicists as replacing matter. The Approach to Philosophy He suggests that the term “quinone” theory be abandoned, and replaced by the Umlagerungs theory, since this term implies some intermolecular rearrangement, and does not connote simply benzenoid compounds as does “quinonoid.” Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 6, Slice 1 "Châtelet" to "Chicago" Will they transfer their motion to the molecules on which they impinge, or will they glide round the molecules, through the intermolecular spaces, and thus escape? Fragments of science, V. 1-2 The vapor pressure of a liquid decreases as the strength of its intermolecular forces increases. Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z But, for that matter, what is the nature of these intermolecular bonds in any case? A History of Science, Volume 5(of 5) Aspects Of Recent Science The doctrine of an intermolecular and interstellar ether is wrapped up in the well-established undulatory theory of light. The Unseen World and Other Essays It seems that intermolecular change also occurs, but further research is necessary before a sound theory can be stated. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 6, Slice 1 "Châtelet" to "Chicago" Let us follow out this notion; consider, he argues, the case of a non-conductor of electricity, such for example as shell-lac, with its molecules, and intermolecular spaces running through the mass. Faraday as a Discoverer These intermolecular forces are of comparable strength and thus require the same amount of energy to overcome. Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z Because closer packing maximizes the overall attractions between atoms and minimizes the total intermolecular energy, the atoms in most metals pack in this manner. Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z In some cases, however, the relative magnitudes of intermolecular forces of attraction between solute and solvent species may prevent dissolution. Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z While very many coloured substances must obviously contain this grouping, yet in many cases it is necessary to assume a simple intermolecular change, while in others a more complex rearrangement of bonds is necessary. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 6, Slice 1 "Châtelet" to "Chicago" Likewise, nonpolar liquids are miscible with each other because there is no appreciable difference in the strengths of solute-solute, solvent- solvent, and solute-solvent intermolecular attractions. Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z At higher pressures and low temperatures, the effect of intermolecular attractions would be larger. Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z What conclusions can you draw about the intermolecular attractions involved in the process? Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z What is the effect of intermolecular attractions on the value of Z? Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z For example, the thickness, or viscosity, of the chaulmoogra oil was due to its intermolecular forces. Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z Note that we will use the popular phrase “intermolecular attraction” to refer to attractive forces between the particles of a substance, regardless of whether these particles are molecules, atoms, or ions. Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z The water molecules have strong intermolecular forces of hydrogen bonding. Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z This is due to intermolecular forces, not intramolecular forces. Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z Under certain conditions, molecules of acetic acid, CH3COOH, form “dimers,” pairs of acetic acid molecules held together by strong intermolecular attractions: Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z What is the relationship between the intermolecular forces in a liquid and its vapor pressure? Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z What is the relationship between the intermolecular forces in a solid and its melting temperature? Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z The lower the temperature, the less the intermolecular forces are overcome, and so the less viscous the liquid. Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z How do the given temperatures for each state correlate with the strengths of their intermolecular attractions? Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z Unlike a mixture of gases, however, the components of these liquid-liquid solutions do, indeed, experience intermolecular attractive forces. Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z You may recall that boiling point is a function of intermolecular interactions, which was discussed in the chapter on solutions and colloids. Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z At low pressures, the correction for intermolecular attraction, a, is more important than the one for molecular volume, b. Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z The heat is absorbed by the ice, providing the energy required to partially overcome intermolecular attractive forces in the solid and causing a phase transition to liquid water. Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z Strictly speaking, the ideal gas equation functions well when intermolecular attractions between gas molecules are negligible and the gas molecules themselves do not occupy an appreciable part of the whole volume. Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z This proved that geckos stick to surfaces because of dispersion forces—weak intermolecular attractions arising from temporary, synchronized charge distributions between adjacent molecules. Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z Some forces are weaker than others, and when an amorphous material is heated, the weakest intermolecular attractions break first. Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z Most solids form with a regular arrangement of their particles because the overall attractive interactions between particles are maximized, and the total intermolecular energy is minimized, when the particles pack in the most efficient manner. Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z Relatively strong intermolecular attractive forces will serve to impede vaporization as well as favoring “recapture” of gas-phase molecules when they collide with the liquid surface, resulting in a relatively low vapor pressure. Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z All of the attractive forces between neutral atoms and molecules are known as van der Waals forces, although they are usually referred to more informally as intermolecular attraction. Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z Consider the extent to which intermolecular attractions must be overcome to achieve a given phase transition. Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z In a liquid, intermolecular attractive forces hold the molecules in contact, although they still have sufficient KE to move past each other. Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z Melting, vaporization, and sublimation are all endothermic processes, requiring an input of heat to overcome intermolecular attractions. Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z Weak intermolecular attractions present less of a barrier to vaporization, and a reduced likelihood of gas recapture, yielding relatively high vapor pressures. Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z The reciprocal transitions of freezing, condensation, and deposition are all exothermic processes, involving heat as intermolecular attractive forces are established or strengthened. Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z The temperatures at which phase transitions occur are determined by the relative strengths of intermolecular attractions and are, therefore, dependent on the chemical identity of the substance. Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z What does this suggest about the polar character and intermolecular attractions of the three compounds? Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z Very weak intermolecular forces hold the molecules together in the crystal. Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z The following example illustrates this dependence of vapor pressure on intermolecular attractive forces. Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z |
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