| 单词 | independent variable |
| 例句 | One can point out that human societies and dinosaurs are extremely complex, being characterized by an enormous number of independent variables that feed back on each other. Guns, Germs, and Steel: The Fates of Human Societies 1997-03-01T00:00:00Z I don't mean time in the sense that, say, physicists speak of it: the fourth dimension, the independent variable, the quantity that compresses when you approach the speed of light. Book Excerpt: Joshua Foer's 'Moonwalking with Einstein' 2011-03-13T05:45:00Z Kellerman’s entry, “Controller,” takes the form of an experiment, with climate as the independent variable. How Climate-Change Fiction, or “Cli-Fi,” Forces Us to Confront the Incipient Death of the Planet 2018-11-09T05:00:00Z When two physical quantities are plotted against one another in such a graph, the horizontal axis is usually considered to be an independent variable and the vertical axis a dependent variable. College Physics for AP Courses 2015-08-12T00:00:00Z Consider the relationship between personal income and the quantity of a good purchased as an example of a case where the variance is dependent upon the value of the independent variable, income. Introductory Business Statistics 2017-11-29T00:00:00Z This is read as “ is a function of .” The letter represents the input value, or independent variable. College Algebra with Corequisite Support 2020-09-23T00:00:00Z The horizontal asymptote of an exponential function tells us the limit of the function’s values as the independent variable gets either extremely large or extremely small. College Algebra 2021-12-21T00:00:00Z The third exam score, x, is the independent variable, and the final exam score, y, is the dependent variable. High School Statistics 2020-03-27T00:00:00Z We call x the independent variable as it can be any value in the domain. Intermediate Algebra 2020-05-06T00:00:00Z The assumption is for constant variance with respect to the magnitude of the independent variable called homoscedasticity. Introductory Business Statistics 2017-11-29T00:00:00Z If the dependent variable increases as the independent variable increases, we call this a positive association. College Algebra with Corequisite Support 2020-09-23T00:00:00Z The domain of a function depends upon what values of the independent variable make the function undefined or imaginary. College Algebra 2021-12-21T00:00:00Z Using stories as the independent variable and height as the dependent variable, make a scatter plot of the data. High School Statistics 2020-03-27T00:00:00Z Therefore, the variable N, is the dependent variable and the variable t is the independent variable. Intermediate Algebra 2020-05-06T00:00:00Z The model is designed to estimate the effects of independent variables on some dependent variable in accordance with a proposed theory. Introductory Business Statistics 2017-11-29T00:00:00Z If the dependent variable decreases as the independent variable increases, we call this a negative association. College Algebra with Corequisite Support 2020-09-23T00:00:00Z The variable x is the independent variable, and y is the dependent variable. Introductory Statistics 2013-09-19T00:00:00Z Using size as the independent variable and cost per ounce as the dependent variable, draw a scatter plot of the data. High School Statistics 2020-03-27T00:00:00Z The reason for using the independent variable u is to distinguish between time and the variable of integration. Calculus, Volume 3 2016-03-30T00:00:00Z The case where some or more of the independent variables are correlated is not unusual. Introductory Business Statistics 2017-11-29T00:00:00Z Remember that the unknown function y depends on the variable x; that is, x is the independent variable and y is the dependent variable. Calculus, Vol 2 2016-03-30T00:00:00Z Typically, you choose a value to substitute for the independent variable and then solve for the dependent variable. Introductory Statistics 2013-09-19T00:00:00Z Using year as the independent variable and number of family members attending college as the dependent variable, draw a scatter plot of the data. High School Statistics 2020-03-27T00:00:00Z Our first step is to explain what a function of more than one variable is, starting with functions of two independent variables. Calculus, Volume 3 2016-03-30T00:00:00Z There may be no cause and effect relationship among the independent variables, but nevertheless they move together. Introductory Business Statistics 2017-11-29T00:00:00Z The parameter is an independent variable that both x and y depend on, and as the parameter increases, the values of x and y trace out a path along a plane curve. Calculus, Vol 2 2016-03-30T00:00:00Z Algebraically, a linear equation typically takes the form y = mx + b, where m and b are constants, x is the independent variable, y is the dependent variable. Introductory Statistics 2013-09-19T00:00:00Z Using year as the independent variable and percent of workers paid hourly rates as the dependent variable, draw a scatter plot of the data. High School Statistics 2020-03-27T00:00:00Z This function has two independent variables ⎛x and y⎞ Calculus, Volume 3 2016-03-30T00:00:00Z The regression analysis output provided by the computer software will produce an estimate of b0 and b1, and any other b's for other independent variables that were included in the estimated equation. Introductory Business Statistics 2017-11-29T00:00:00Z The first is as functions of the independent variable t. Calculus, Vol 2 2016-03-30T00:00:00Z We calculate the strength of the relationship between an independent variable and a dependent variable using linear regression. Introductory Statistics 2013-09-19T00:00:00Z Using size as the independent variable and cost as the dependent variable, draw a scatter plot. High School Statistics 2020-03-27T00:00:00Z Leibniz notation for the derivative is dy/dx, which implies that y is the dependent variable and x is the independent variable. Calculus, Volume 3 2016-03-30T00:00:00Z The degrees of freedom would be n - k - 1, where k is the number of independent variables and the extra one is lost because of the intercept. Introductory Business Statistics 2017-11-29T00:00:00Z The function may be periodic, for example, which indicates that only a limited number of values for the independent variable are needed. Calculus, Vol 2 2016-03-30T00:00:00Z Using “ages” as the independent variable and “Number of driver deaths per 100,000” as the dependent variable, make a scatter plot of the data. Introductory Statistics 2013-09-19T00:00:00Z In an observational study, the researcher does not directly manipulate the independent variable. High School Statistics 2020-03-27T00:00:00Z The idea to keep in mind when calculating partial derivatives is to treat all independent variables, other than the variable with respect to which we are differentiating, as constants. Calculus, Volume 3 2016-03-30T00:00:00Z If we were estimating an equation with three independent variables, we would lose 4 degrees of freedom: three for the independent variables, k, and one more for the intercept. Introductory Business Statistics 2017-11-29T00:00:00Z These problems are so named because often the independent variable in the unknown function is t, which represents time. Calculus, Vol 2 2016-03-30T00:00:00Z Using “stories” as the independent variable and “height” as the dependent variable, make a scatter plot of the data. Introductory Statistics 2013-09-19T00:00:00Z By sorting these data into control and experimental conditions, the relationship between the dependent and independent variables can be drawn. High School Statistics 2020-03-27T00:00:00Z A partial differential equation is an equation that involves an unknown function of more than one independent variable and one or more of its partial derivatives. Calculus, Volume 3 2016-03-30T00:00:00Z The OLS model assumes that all the independent variables are independent of each other. Introductory Business Statistics 2017-11-29T00:00:00Z When doing so, we refer to x as the independent variable and y as the dependent variable, because it depends on x. Calculus, Volume 1 2016-03-30T00:00:00Z Using “year” as the independent variable and “percent” as the dependent variable, draw a scatter plot of the data. Introductory Statistics 2013-09-19T00:00:00Z The variable x is the independent variable; y is the dependent variable. High School Statistics 2020-03-27T00:00:00Z The independent variables x and y are considered to be spatial variables, and the variable t represents time. Calculus, Volume 3 2016-03-30T00:00:00Z The goal of the regression technique is to tease out the independent impacts of each of a set of independent variables on some hypothesized dependent variable. Introductory Business Statistics 2017-11-29T00:00:00Z The independent variable is x and the dependent variable is y. Calculus, Volume 1 2016-03-30T00:00:00Z Using “size” as the independent variable and “cost” as the dependent variable, draw a scatter plot. Introductory Statistics 2013-09-19T00:00:00Z Which variable is the dependent variable and which is the independent variable? High School Statistics 2020-03-27T00:00:00Z In Laplace’s equation, the unknown function u has two independent variables x and y. Calculus, Volume 3 2016-03-30T00:00:00Z On the other hand, as the correlation between the two independent variables increases the denominator decreases, and thus the estimate of the coefficient increases. Introductory Business Statistics 2017-11-29T00:00:00Z Recall that a rate of change is a measure of how quickly the dependent variable changes with respect to the independent variable. Algebra and Trigonometry 2015-02-13T00:00:00Z Using “size” as the independent variable and “cost per ounce” as the dependent variable, draw a scatter plot of the data. Introductory Statistics 2013-09-19T00:00:00Z Algebraically, a linear equation typically takes the form y = mx + b, where m and b are constants, x is the independent variable, and y is the dependent variable. High School Statistics 2020-03-27T00:00:00Z The following theorem gives us the answer for the case of one independent variable. Calculus, Volume 3 2016-03-30T00:00:00Z In the last section we concerned ourselves with testing the hypothesis that the dependent variable did indeed depend upon the hypothesized independent variable or variables. Introductory Business Statistics 2017-11-29T00:00:00Z Instead, we change which variable is considered to be the independent variable. Algebra and Trigonometry 2015-02-13T00:00:00Z Therefore, year becomes the independent variable and the number of flu cases is the dependent variable. Introductory Statistics 2013-09-19T00:00:00Z When expressed as a percentage, r2 represents the percentage of variation in the dependent variable, y, that can be explained by variation in the independent variable, x, using the regression line. High School Statistics 2020-03-27T00:00:00Z Since f has two independent variables, there are two lines coming from this corner. Calculus, Volume 3 2016-03-30T00:00:00Z It may be that we find an independent variable that has some effect on the dependent variable, but it may not be the only one, and it may not even be the most important one. Introductory Business Statistics 2017-11-29T00:00:00Z In these examples and exercises, the answers will be interpreted as angles and we will use as the independent variable. Algebra and Trigonometry 2015-02-13T00:00:00Z The third exam score, x, is the independent variable and the final exam score, y, is the dependent variable. Introductory Statistics 2013-09-19T00:00:00Z The variable x is the independent variable and y is the dependent variable. High School Statistics 2020-03-27T00:00:00Z Note that, in this case, x is the dependent variable and t is the independent variable. Calculus, Volume 3 2016-03-30T00:00:00Z The coefficients for all the independent variables are significantly different from zero as indicated by the standard errors. Introductory Business Statistics 2017-11-29T00:00:00Z The variable that is observed and changes in response to the independent variable is called the dependent variable. Miller & Levine Biology 2018-01-01T00:00:00Z Using “year” as the independent variable and “Number of Family Members Attending College” as the dependent variable, draw a scatter plot of the data. Introductory Statistics 2013-09-19T00:00:00Z Using age as the independent variable and number of driver deaths per 100,000 people as the dependent variable, make a scatter plot of the data. High School Statistics 2020-03-27T00:00:00Z The variables x and y that disappear in this simplification are often called intermediate variables: they are independent variables for the function f , but are dependent variables for the variable t. Calculus, Volume 3 2016-03-30T00:00:00Z While this discussion has been about price changes, any of the independent variables in a demand equation will have an associated elasticity. Introductory Business Statistics 2017-11-29T00:00:00Z In the control group, the independent variable is not changed. Miller & Levine Biology 2018-01-01T00:00:00Z The slope describes the rate of change between the independent and dependent variables; in other words, the rate of change describes the change that occurs in the dependent variable as the independent variable is changed. Introductory Statistics 2013-09-19T00:00:00Z Race and class have never been independent variables in American history, or at least not since the early 17th century. Democracy vs. fascism, part 1: What do those words mean — and do they describe this moment? 2021-12-26T05:00:00Z In the next example we calculate the derivative of a function of three independent variables in which each of the three variables is dependent on two other variables. Calculus, Volume 3 2016-03-30T00:00:00Z There are actually two different approaches to the issue of developing estimates of changes in the independent variable, or variables, on the dependent variable. Introductory Business Statistics 2017-11-29T00:00:00Z The variable that is deliberately changed in an experiment is called the independent variable. Miller & Levine Biology 2018-01-01T00:00:00Z The y-intercept is used to describe the dependent variable when the independent variable equals zero. Introductory Statistics 2013-09-19T00:00:00Z "So we measured that. We took the independent variables and measured it against the fatalities." Cuomo’s nursing home scandal raises questions for one of his senior aides 2021-03-11T05:00:00Z Tree diagrams are useful for deriving formulas for the chain rule for functions of more than one variable, where each independent variable also depends on other variables. Calculus, Volume 3 2016-03-30T00:00:00Z The independent variables, xi , are all measured without error, and are fixed numbers that are independent of the error term. Introductory Business Statistics 2017-11-29T00:00:00Z In the experimental group, the independent variable is changed. Miller & Levine Biology 2018-01-01T00:00:00Z When expressed as a percent, r2 represents the percent of variation in the dependent variable y that can be explained by variation in the independent variable x using the regression line. Introductory Statistics 2013-09-19T00:00:00Z Racism was treated throughout the night as an independent variable, a first cause, as in talking about Trump and his brand of racism, without any connection to our way of life. Democrats retreat from reality: Understanding last week's depressing debate 2019-09-16T04:00:00Z We can calculate partial derivatives of w with respect to any of the independent variables, simply as extensions of the definitions for partial derivatives of functions of two variables. Calculus, Volume 3 2016-03-30T00:00:00Z Here we will look at the effects on OLS estimates if the independent variables are correlated. Introductory Business Statistics 2017-11-29T00:00:00Z Only the independent variable, the milk, remains chilled. Milk Coke: another classic from the nation that invented Cheeky Vimto 2019-03-07T05:00:00Z Note that tuition is the independent variable and salary is the dependent variable. Introductory Statistics 2013-09-19T00:00:00Z “But when you looked at evacuation as an independent variable, it was actually a risk factor. We’ve actually killed more elderly people by moving them than by sheltering in place.” An Evacuation in North Carolina, and the Danger of Climate Disasters for an Aging Population 2018-11-21T05:00:00Z Figure 4.36 Tree diagram for a function of three variables, each of which is a function of three independent variables. Calculus, Volume 3 2016-03-30T00:00:00Z If two 2 independent variables are interrelated, that is, correlated, then we cannot isolate the effects on Y of one from the other. Introductory Business Statistics 2017-11-29T00:00:00Z In experimental methodology, scientists are taught that the independent variable — the one they control — belongs on the x-axis. Daily briefing: The incredible hardware hack that hit the highest levels of US tech 2018-10-04T04:00:00Z In experimental methodology, scientists are taught that the independent variable — the one controlled by the researcher — belongs on the x-axis of a graph, while the dependent variable — the one being measured — belongs on the y-axis. Rotating plots to form diamonds could prevent correlation-causation confusion 2018-10-03T04:00:00Z Now, a physicist might say ‘time’ is the independent variable in the equations of motion. The preprint 2018-08-14T04:00:00Z A partial derivative is a derivative involving a function of more than one independent variable. Calculus, Volume 3 2016-03-30T00:00:00Z The correlation between the two independent variables also shows up in the formulas for the estimate of the variance for the coefficients. Introductory Business Statistics 2017-11-29T00:00:00Z But since the league tables themselves are one of its main determinants, reputation is not an obviously independent variable. How global university rankings are changing higher education 2018-05-17T04:00:00Z This has led the British to behave “as if the only independent variable is Britain leaving the E.U. and the manner in which it’s done.” British Alignment With Trump Threatens European Order 2017-01-26T05:00:00Z One way to look at that divergence in inflationary assets is to observe correlations, which look at the relationship between two independent variables. Donald Trump’s Win Fuels Bets on Inflation 2016-11-11T05:00:00Z The chain rule for functions of more than one variable involves the partial derivatives with respect to all the independent variables. Calculus, Volume 3 2016-03-30T00:00:00Z If the correlation is zero as assumed in the regression model, then the formula collapses to the familiar ratio of the variance of the errors to the variance of the relevant independent variable. Introductory Business Statistics 2017-11-29T00:00:00Z However, the report stops short of comparing individual states with one another, noting that population age and economic output are not independent variables. Old People Are Holding the Economy Back 2016-07-25T04:00:00Z Nutonian’s Eureqa product works its magic by starting with a series of independent variables and a dependent variable that we are trying to predict. How Nutonian's Machine Intelligence Model Shows How People And Technology Can Be Partners 2015-08-13T04:00:00Z To strengthen our argument, we also computed the F-significance, which defines the significance of independent variables to the response variable. What Factors Can Drive Hyatt's Stock Value? 2015-07-01T04:00:00Z In each of these examples, the function has one independent variable. Calculus, Volume 3 2016-03-30T00:00:00Z Remember that the error term was placed in the model to capture the effects of any missing independent variables. Introductory Business Statistics 2017-11-29T00:00:00Z We thus computed an alternative test in our regression, the f-significance, which defines the significance of independent variables to the response variable. What Factors Can Drive Wynn Resorts' Stock Price? 2015-06-03T04:00:00Z To clarify, under Obamacare, these two provisions are tied together; on the Universal Exchange Plan, they are independent variables: Revisions To 'Transcending Obamacare' Based On Reader Feedback 2014-08-21T04:00:00Z Instead, see cost and quality as dependent variables, the independent variable being process. 11 Ways To Find A New Direction: 10 - Questions Are Worth More Than Answers 2014-06-26T04:00:00Z When dealing with a function of more than one independent variable, several questions naturally arise. Calculus, Volume 3 2016-03-30T00:00:00Z Increasing the number of independent variables will have the effect of increasing R2. Introductory Business Statistics 2017-11-29T00:00:00Z Which suggests that self-reported fun and harshness in induction rituals may not be such independent variables. Does Hazing Work? 2013-11-08T21:13:31Z After all, he noted, just because independent variables follow a certain mathematical law doesn’t mean that directed activity can’t do so as well. How Technology Will Become The Center Of The New Learning Organization 2013-03-30T12:39:28Z No longer are rates based upon a small, primitive set of independent variables. Too Big to Ignore: The Data Revolution 2013-02-12T14:10:00Z Second, we now have two different derivatives we can take, since there are two different independent variables. Calculus, Volume 3 2016-03-30T00:00:00Z Beginning with a set of data with two independent variables we ask the question: are these related? Introductory Business Statistics 2017-11-29T00:00:00Z The study posits that it all starts with social mood, a “hidden, independent variable” that is defined as “the aggregate, unconscious levels of optimism and pessimism in society.” Roosevelt, Reagan, Clinton and...Obama? 2012-10-09T17:41:02Z One student described it as the limiting value of the ratio of the increment of the dependent variable x to the increment of the independent variable t, when the latter increment is made indefinitely small. Lord Kelvin An account of his scientific life and work 2012-04-06T02:00:32.097Z In the questions above, the independent variables are “one thing”, “something else”, and “this thing” because these are the variables that will be manipulated. Anatomy of a Science Fair Project 2012-01-14T16:15:07.813Z In the preceding chapter, we discussed differential calculus with multiple independent variables. Calculus, Volume 3 2016-03-30T00:00:00Z Formally, correlation analysis assumes that both variables being analyzed are independent variables. Introductory Business Statistics 2017-11-29T00:00:00Z As a result, they aren’t an independent variable that can be determined outside of the campaign’s dynamic. Campaigns Still Make or Break Presidential Elections: Ron Klain 2011-11-16T00:32:55Z Let us first consider the question, how far may the minutiæ, or groups of them, be treated as independent variables? Finger Prints 2011-08-07T02:00:07.827Z Here, the independent variable is the length of the straw and the dependent variable is the distance traveled by the spitball. Anatomy of a Science Fair Project 2012-01-14T16:15:07.813Z The present independent variables μ1, ..., μn are specially appropriate in this problem, because each of them has the same value in all the phases. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 9, Slice 3 "Electrostatics" to "Engis" 2011-02-06T03:00:53.093Z This is known as the log-log case or double log case, and provides us with direct estimates of the elasticities of the independent variables. Introductory Business Statistics 2017-11-29T00:00:00Z In general, the income and the rate of discount are independent variables. The Value of Money 2011-01-04T03:01:12.363Z Each cubic equation has three roots for every value of the independent variable, which is in space. Cube Root of Conquest We may have cases in which there are two dependent variables, x and y, and one independent variable t, the differential coefficients dx/dt, dy/dt being given as functions of x, y and t. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 8, Slice 4 "Diameter" to "Dinarchus" Pains and pleasures give us what mathematicians call the 'independent variable.' The English Utilitarians, Volume I. Remember that all regression equations go through the point of means, that is, the mean value of y and the mean values of all independent variables in the equation. Introductory Business Statistics 2017-11-29T00:00:00Z In other words, mind cannot exist as an "independent variable" in the world; it must always accompany a human brain. The Problems of Psychical Research Experiments and Theories in the Realm of the Supernormal Wage adjustment now is considered to be the dependent variable while normally the price would be the independent variable. Definition & Reality in the General Theory of Political Economy Let these n − 1 functions together with x1 be introduced as n new independent variables in all the r equations. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 8, Slice 4 "Diameter" to "Dinarchus" He differentiates men into protoplasms, and integrates protoplasms into monkeys, and shows the caudal appendage to be the independent variable, a small factor in man, a large factor in monkey. Mr. Isaacs As an example, say Column A and Column C are independent variables and Column B is the Y variable, the dependent variable. Introductory Business Statistics 2017-11-29T00:00:00Z In a strict sense they are independent variables, and the view set forth in most text-books that air has a certain capacity for water vapor is misleading. Popular Science Monthly Oct, Nov, Dec, 1915 — Volume 86 There may be two or more independent variables in an equation or problem. The Gutenberg Webster's Unabridged Dictionary Section T, U, V, and W In fact a similar reduction is possible for any system of differential equations with one independent variable. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 8, Slice 4 "Diameter" to "Dinarchus" The actual coëfficient sought is the difference effected, in functional value, in one of two independent variables. Life: Its True Genesis Bivariate two variables are present in the model where one is the “cause” or independent variable and the other is the “effect” of dependent variable. Introductory Business Statistics 2017-11-29T00:00:00Z That mysterious independent variable of political calculation, Public Opinion--which some whisper is, in the present case, very much the same thing as publican's opinion--has willed otherwise. Science & Education First, I was compelled by the process of "changing the independent variable" to examine severely the logic of the Differential Calculus. Autobiography of Sir George Biddell Airy A similar process is applicable when we have three or more dependent variables whose differential coefficients in regard to the single independent variables are given as linear functions of the dependent variables with constant coefficients. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 8, Slice 4 "Diameter" to "Dinarchus" Investigation shows that, in the function called truth, previous realities are not the only independent variables. Meaning of Truth Multivariate a system or model where more than one independent variable is being used to predict an outcome. Introductory Business Statistics 2017-11-29T00:00:00Z Excel has one odd quirk and that is the click and drop feature requires that the independent variables, the X variables, are all together, meaning that they form a single matrix. Introductory Business Statistics 2017-11-29T00:00:00Z Quantity demanded will be our Y variable, and Price of roses, Price of carnations and Income will be our independent variables, the X variables. Introductory Business Statistics 2017-11-29T00:00:00Z We may then attempt to investigate, in general, in what cases the independent variable x of a hypergeometric equation is a single-valued function of the ratio s of two independent integrals of the equation. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 8, Slice 4 "Diameter" to "Dinarchus" To a certain extent our ideas, being realities, are also independent variables, and, just as they follow other reality and fit it, so, in a measure, does other reality follow and fit them. Meaning of Truth In two dimensions, salary is the dependent variable on the vertical axis and total years of experience was chosen for the continuous independent variable on horizontal axis. Introductory Business Statistics 2017-11-29T00:00:00Z There can only ever be one dependent variable, but there is no limit to the number of independent variables. Introductory Business Statistics 2017-11-29T00:00:00Z X – the independent variable This will sometimes be referred to as the “predictor” variable, because these values were measured in order to determine what possible outcomes could be predicted. Introductory Business Statistics 2017-11-29T00:00:00Z Modular functions. equation of which h is the independent variable. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 8, Slice 4 "Diameter" to "Dinarchus" When one variable causes change in another, we call the first variable the independent variable or explanatory variable. Introductory Business Statistics 2017-11-29T00:00:00Z It may be that the dummy variable has more than a simple shift effect on the dependent variable, but also interacts with one or more of the other continuous independent variables. Introductory Business Statistics 2017-11-29T00:00:00Z If we cannot reject the null hypothesis in a regression problem, we must conclude that the hypothesized independent variable has no effect on the dependent variable. Introductory Business Statistics 2017-11-29T00:00:00Z Any of the other independent variables could have been chosen to illustrate the effect of the dummy variable. Introductory Business Statistics 2017-11-29T00:00:00Z |
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