| 单词 | hypha |
| 例句 | The fungi grow tiny, fragile strands called hyphae. The zoo beneath our feet: We’re only beginning to understand soil’s hidden world 2017-08-08T04:00:00Z Tiny fungal tips called hyphae can exert enough pressure to penetrate Kevlar. Whether You’re Making a Meal or Cleaning an Oil Spill, There’s a Fungus for That 2020-05-27T04:00:00Z Following the spore-covered body down into the soil, they found a mummified spider swaddled in fungal filaments called hyphae. A Beautiful Newfound Fungus Mummifies Its Spider Prey 2023-09-01T04:00:00Z One mechanism involves constricting rings within the network of hyphae. Fundamentals of Biology 2015-01-01T00:00:00Z The body of a lichen, referred to as a thallus, is formed of hyphae wrapped around the green partner. Concepts of Biology 2013-04-25T00:00:00Z For example, the greenhouse study they criticize also found that the majority of carbon flow was concentrated in fungal hyphae — indicating the fungi played a prominent, if not exclusive, role in connecting related seedlings. Scientists tangle over ‘wood wide web’ connecting forests and fungi 2023-02-14T05:00:00Z Researchers try to set up barriers between trees so that fungal hyphae and roots can’t connect them, leaving only the soil pathway as a possible means of transmission. Do Trees Really Support Each Other through a Network of Fungi? 2023-02-13T05:00:00Z The larger part of a fungus consists of thin, threadlike hyphae. All about mushrooms — What to do when fungi sprouts in your yard 2023-01-31T05:00:00Z One hypha has a round sporangium, about 35 microns in diameter, at the tip. Fundamentals of Biology 2015-01-01T00:00:00Z In the mycorrhizae, fungal hyphae grow around the root and within the root around the cells, and in some instances within the cells. Concepts of Biology 2013-04-25T00:00:00Z When a worm makes the mistake of passing over the fungus, the oyster mushroom paralyzes and kills it, devouring the animal’s nitrogen-rich flesh with root-like tendrils called hyphae. The Toxin That Helps Oyster Mushrooms Devour Worm Flesh 2023-01-18T05:00:00Z The dye showed up in the seedlings, despite the lack of connections between roots, indicating that fungal hyphae had done the transfer. Do Trees Really Support Each Other through a Network of Fungi? 2023-02-13T05:00:00Z Individually, the hyphae are not readily visible to the unaided eye. All about mushrooms — What to do when fungi sprouts in your yard 2023-01-31T05:00:00Z Figure 4. This bright field light micrograph shows the release of spores from a sporangium at the end of a hypha called a sporangiophore. Fundamentals of Biology 2015-01-01T00:00:00Z Although individual hypha must be observed under a microscope, the mycelium of a fungus can be very large with some species truly being “the fungus humongous.” Concepts of Biology 2013-04-25T00:00:00Z Others create deadly collars that constrict as the worm struggles, immobilizing the prey as the fungus’s hyphae, penetrate its body. The Toxin That Helps Oyster Mushrooms Devour Worm Flesh 2023-01-18T05:00:00Z Their bodies are made up of long branching filaments called hyphae. Miller & Levine Biology 2018-01-01T00:00:00Z A mass of hyphae, called mycelium, looks like a tangled mess of fine threads and is easy to see. All about mushrooms — What to do when fungi sprouts in your yard 2023-01-31T05:00:00Z Conidiospores are unicellular or multicellular spores that are released directly from the tip or side of the hypha. Fundamentals of Biology 2015-01-01T00:00:00Z They are formed of large cells containing many nuclei, an arrangement described as coenocytic hyphae. Concepts of Biology 2013-04-25T00:00:00Z The oyster mushroom’s weapon of choice seems to be a toxin: Worms that touch the fungus are paralyzed, and their cells fall apart as they succumb to the hyphae. The Toxin That Helps Oyster Mushrooms Devour Worm Flesh 2023-01-18T05:00:00Z The body of the mushroom is the fruiting body, which grows from the mycelium, the mass of branching hyphae below the soil. Miller & Levine Biology 2018-01-01T00:00:00Z Seifert tells us that there are about 2,000 miles of fungal hyphae — microscopic filaments far thinner than a human hair — in a single teaspoon of rich organic soil. Review | Our planet is covered in fungus — and that’s a good thing 2022-07-15T04:00:00Z Other asexual spores originate in the fragmentation of a hypha to form single cells that are released as spores; some of these have a thick wall surrounding the fragment. Fundamentals of Biology 2015-01-01T00:00:00Z For example, they have constricting rings within their network of hyphae. Concepts of Biology 2013-04-25T00:00:00Z They found that all of these fungal mutants lacked small globes called toxocysts that hang like fruit from the hyphae. The Toxin That Helps Oyster Mushrooms Devour Worm Flesh 2023-01-18T05:00:00Z Fungi can reproduce asexually by releasing spores or simply breaking off a hypha or budding off a cell. Miller & Levine Biology 2018-01-01T00:00:00Z Previous research indicated branching networks of hyphae, of which multicellular fungi called mycelia are composed, conduct electrical signals comparable to the neurons. It's not a bad trip: Mushrooms may be "talking" to each other, new study finds 2022-04-13T04:00:00Z First, exoenzymes are transported out of the hyphae, where they process nutrients in the environment. Fundamentals of Biology 2015-01-01T00:00:00Z The fungus extends specialized hyphae that can penetrate the body of the worm and slowly digest the hapless prey. Concepts of Biology 2013-04-25T00:00:00Z The epiphany came from an image, captured by an electron microscope, of fungal hyphae strangling a nematode that was attacking a tomato root. He Wrote a Gardening Column. He Ended Up Documenting Climate Change. 2021-07-28T04:00:00Z The hyphae, acting as the “spider fangs,” deposits the toxin in the blood which then kills the mosquito rapidly. Genetically-altered fungus murders mosquitoes with spider venom 2019-06-10T04:00:00Z In darkness and humidity, fungi sat in the laboratory for days, all the while electrical charges fired along thin, thread-like structures smaller than 30 micrometers in diameter called hyphae. It's not a bad trip: Mushrooms may be "talking" to each other, new study finds 2022-04-13T04:00:00Z The fungus penetrates the tissue of the worm by extending specialized hyphae called haustoria. Fundamentals of Biology 2015-01-01T00:00:00Z In a mycorrhizal association, the fungal mycelia use their extensive network of hyphae and large surface area in contact with the soil to channel water and minerals from the soil into the plant. Concepts of Biology 2013-04-25T00:00:00Z They watched the mushroom’s response travel in the form of genes activating, lighting up as its warning message propagated up and down the fungus’s fattest hyphae. When Fungi Fight Back 2019-01-15T05:00:00Z Mycelium is composed of microscopic filaments called hyphae that look like tiny threads woven together, and in forests it mostly stays underground or within decaying wood. Missouri researchers share lessons from humongous fungus 2018-12-07T05:00:00Z An estimated 12,000 miles of hyphae, or fungal filaments, are found beneath every square meter of healthy soil. Can Dirt Save the Earth? 2018-04-18T04:00:00Z Although individual hyphae must be observed under a microscope, the mycelium of a fungus can be very large, with some species truly being “the fungus humongous.” Fundamentals of Biology 2015-01-01T00:00:00Z In these mycorrhiza, the fungi form arbuscles, a specialized highly branched hypha, which penetrate root cells and are the sites of the metabolic exchanges between the fungus and the host plant. Concepts of Biology 2013-04-25T00:00:00Z Dr. Künzler’s results suggest that the cells within a fungus’s hyphae communicate using chemical signals, but additional research will be required to confirm the finding. When Fungi Fight Back 2019-01-15T05:00:00Z “Soil is fantastically difficult stuff to work with experimentally, and the hyphae are on the whole too thin to see,” he said. The Secrets of the Wood Wide Web 2016-08-07T04:00:00Z Inside the wood under the fungal coating, the wood cells were stuffed with fungal filaments called hyphae. A Fungus Is the Founder of the Hair Club for Trees 2015-10-19T04:00:00Z In most phyla of fungi, tiny holes in the septa allow for the rapid flow of nutrients and small molecules from cell to cell along the hypha. Fundamentals of Biology 2015-01-01T00:00:00Z The viruses are passed on when the branchlike hyphae of one fungi fuses with that of another. Some STIs Are Beneficial, and May Have Boosted Evolutionary Promiscuity 2015-08-07T04:00:00Z Aside from nourishing growing hyphae, what might be the advantage to such a communal cell biology? How Your Morning Commute Resembles a Fungus 2013-11-20T21:15:05.320Z Glomalin, a glycoprotein that the fungi secrete to coat their hyphae, can promote the agglomeration of soil particles, thereby improving moisture retention. Microbiome: Soil science comes to life 2013-09-25T21:50:51.907Z In particular, they are fungi that grow as individual or small clusters of cells instead of in the long, tubular chains of cells called hyphae that compose most fungi. Yeast: Making Food Great for 5,000 Years. But What Exactly Is it? 2013-09-06T22:15:02.410Z However, in coenocytic hyphae, there is no separation between the cells or nuclei. Fundamentals of Biology 2015-01-01T00:00:00Z For much of the year fungi are invisible, existing as filamentous structures - hyphae - inside organic matter. In pictures: A kingdom of colour 2012-11-28T08:46:02Z What the researchers found was that fungi next to human cells were growing faster and longer hyphae than those growing alone. How fungi steal zinc from your body 2012-07-08T17:15:02.483Z It has been proved that certain substances formed in plant-cells, not necessarily nutritive, attract the hyphae of parasitic fungi or repel them, according to the kind and degree of concentration. Disease in Plants 2012-03-01T03:00:22Z The term “receptacle” sometimes applied to these spore-bearing hyphae is better replaced by sporophore. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 11, Slice 3 "Frost" to "Fyzabad" 2011-08-15T02:00:28.473Z The hyphae consists of a long chain of cells with multiple branches. Fundamentals of Biology 2015-01-01T00:00:00Z The hyphae have broken through in the upper face and are forming a cluster of spores. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 6, Slice 6 "Cockaigne" to "Columbus, Christopher" Pra1-less cells still grew the same number of hyphae, but they were a lot smaller. How fungi steal zinc from your body 2012-07-08T17:15:02.483Z The hyphae dissolved holes in the membrane by means of enzymes and plunged into the attractive substance on the other side. Disease in Plants 2012-03-01T03:00:22Z The chief distinctive characters of the sporogenous hyphae are their orientation, usually vertical; their limited apical growth; their peculiar branching, form, colour, contents, consistency; and their spore-production. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 11, Slice 3 "Frost" to "Fyzabad" 2011-08-15T02:00:28.473Z Zygomycetes have a thallus of coenocytic hyphae in which the nuclei are haploid when the organism is in the vegetative stage. Fundamentals of Biology 2015-01-01T00:00:00Z If the hypha is the morphological test of a fungus, then it is plain that the slime-moulds are not fungi. The North American Slime-Moulds A Descriptive List of All Species of Myxomycetes Hitherto Reported from the Continent of North America, with Notes on Some Extra-Limital Species They used hyphal growth as a measure of overal fungal growth, the hyphae are the branching filamentous structures as shown in the picture below: The hyphae of penicillium, showing the branching structure. How fungi steal zinc from your body 2012-07-08T17:15:02.483Z Peridermium, the hyphae of which invade the medullary rays and resin canals and thus open the way to an outflow through cracks in the bark. Disease in Plants 2012-03-01T03:00:22Z They form a superficial mycelium on the surface of the plant, the hyphae not usually penetrating the tissues but merely sending haustoria into the epidermal cells. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 11, Slice 3 "Frost" to "Fyzabad" 2011-08-15T02:00:28.473Z Filamentous ascomycetes produce hyphae divided by perforated septa, allowing streaming of cytoplasm from one cell to the other. Fundamentals of Biology 2015-01-01T00:00:00Z Easily distinguishable from all similar moulds by the absence of mycelium or of anything like a hypha. The North American Slime-Moulds A Descriptive List of All Species of Myxomycetes Hitherto Reported from the Continent of North America, with Notes on Some Extra-Limital Species When tested, some of the dye was found inside the newly grown hyphae. How fungi steal zinc from your body 2012-07-08T17:15:02.483Z If Phytophthora has obtained access, the fungus hyphae spread between the cells, starting from the haulm, and cause the flesh to turn yellowish and then brown in patches. Disease in Plants 2012-03-01T03:00:22Z Pfeffer showed that certain substances in definite concentrations cause the tips of hyphae to turn towards them; other substances, though not innutritious, repel them, as also do nutritious bodies if too highly concentrated. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 11, Slice 3 "Frost" to "Fyzabad" 2011-08-15T02:00:28.473Z Mitosis and cell division result in the growth of many hyphae, which form a fruiting body called the ascocarp. Fundamentals of Biology 2015-01-01T00:00:00Z The pileus is not made up of cellular tissue as in flowering plants, but of myriads of interwoven threads or hyphae. The Mushroom, Edible and Otherwise Its Habitat and its Time of Growth Going back to the whole fungal cell they then made a mutant without the Pra1 gene to see if the hyphae still grew in the presence of human cells. How fungi steal zinc from your body 2012-07-08T17:15:02.483Z The much more rapid spread of the hyphae up into the parts thus killed sufficiently indicates the fundamentally saprophytic character of such fungi. Disease in Plants 2012-03-01T03:00:22Z If a thin cellulose membrane is interposed between the lamellae, the hyphae nevertheless turn chemotropically from the one lamella to the other and pierce the cellulose membrane in the process. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 11, Slice 3 "Frost" to "Fyzabad" 2011-08-15T02:00:28.473Z Asci form at the tips of these hyphae. Fundamentals of Biology 2015-01-01T00:00:00Z The upper compartment filled with a mass of spores mixed with a few fragments of hyphae. Synopsis of Some Genera of the Large Pyrenomycetes Camilla, Thamnomyces, Engleromyces Fungal hyphae occur in the rhizoids and in the cells of the lower region of the thallus of many liverworts, as in the endotrophic mycorhiza of higher plants. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 4, Part 3 "Brescia" to "Bulgaria" The resemblances between pollination and the infection by fungus hyphae may also be insisted upon. Disease in Plants 2012-03-01T03:00:22Z The interwoven hyphae fuse and branch copiously, filling up all interstices. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 11, Slice 3 "Frost" to "Fyzabad" 2011-08-15T02:00:28.473Z Each nucleus undergoes mitosis, resulting in eight ascospores, which are also arranged in a row at the tip of the hyphae. Fundamentals of Biology 2015-01-01T00:00:00Z Stroma hollow, filled with a brown mass of spores and hyphae remnants. Synopsis of Some Genera of the Large Pyrenomycetes Camilla, Thamnomyces, Engleromyces A section through the thallus of Peltigera canina, showing the cortex above and the medulla below, the medullary hyphae of the lower portion running in a somewhat horizontal direction. Ohio Biological Survey, Bull. 10, Vol. 11, No. 6 The Ascomycetes of Ohio IV and V A protuberance then grows out from one side of the sphere, and rapidly increasing in length, assumes the character of a hypha. Discourses Biological and Geological Essays Owing to the presence of oily globules of an orange-yellow or rusty-red colour in their hyphae and spores they are termed Rust-Fungi. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 11, Slice 3 "Frost" to "Fyzabad" 2011-08-15T02:00:28.473Z Special ascogenous hyphae arise, in which pairs of nuclei migrate: one from the “male” strain and one from the “female” strain. Fundamentals of Biology 2015-01-01T00:00:00Z Mycorrhizae help increase the surface area of the plant root system because hyphae, which are narrow, can spread beyond the nutrient depletion zone. Fundamentals of Biology 2015-01-01T00:00:00Z A section through a cephalodium of Peltigera aphthosa; a, the surrounding cortex; b, the internal hyphae and the cells of the algal host; c, the supporting hyphae from the thallus below. Ohio Biological Survey, Bull. 10, Vol. 11, No. 6 The Ascomycetes of Ohio IV and V The hyphae will also dissolve their way through a lamella of collodion, paraffin, parchment paper, elder-pith, or even cork or the wing of a fly, to do which it must excrete very different enzymes. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 11, Slice 3 "Frost" to "Fyzabad" 2011-08-15T02:00:28.473Z Organs.—Individual hyphae or their branches often exhibit specializations of form. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 11, Slice 3 "Frost" to "Fyzabad" 2011-08-15T02:00:28.473Z The “gills” are actually compacted hyphae on which the basidia are borne. Fundamentals of Biology 2015-01-01T00:00:00Z The cytological details of development of the perithecia are not well known; most of them appear to develop their ascogenous hyphae in an apogamous way without any connexion with an ascogonium. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 11, Slice 3 "Frost" to "Fyzabad" 2011-08-15T02:00:28.473Z A portion of a section through an apothecium of Peltigera canina, showing part of the hymenium of interwoven hyphae below and the bases of three paraphyses above. Ohio Biological Survey, Bull. 10, Vol. 11, No. 6 The Ascomycetes of Ohio IV and V In other cases the ascogenous hyphae arise directly from the vegetative hyphae. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 11, Slice 3 "Frost" to "Fyzabad" 2011-08-15T02:00:28.473Z D, The same, beginning to be surrounded by the hyphae forming the perithecium wall. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 11, Slice 3 "Frost" to "Fyzabad" 2011-08-15T02:00:28.473Z Beneath this layer, the cells in the algal zone hyphae wrap around the cyanobacteria. Fundamentals of Biology 2015-01-01T00:00:00Z The asci may be derived from the terminal cell of the branches of the ascogenous hyphae, but usually they are derived from the penultimate cell, the tip curving over to form the so-called crozier. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 11, Slice 3 "Frost" to "Fyzabad" 2011-08-15T02:00:28.473Z The ordinary mycelium is the gametophyte since it bears the ascogonia and antheridia when present; the ascogenous hyphae with their asci represent the sporophyte since they are derived from the fertilized ascogonium. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 11, Slice 3 "Frost" to "Fyzabad" 2011-08-15T02:00:28.473Z That such enzymes are formed in the protoplasm is evident from the behaviour of hyphae, which have been observed to pierce cell-membranes, the chitinous coats of insects, artificial collodion films and layers of wax, &c. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 11, Slice 3 "Frost" to "Fyzabad" 2011-08-15T02:00:28.473Z They are often devoid of hyphae, or put forth fine protoplasmic filaments into the cells of their hosts. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 11, Slice 3 "Frost" to "Fyzabad" 2011-08-15T02:00:28.473Z The body of a lichen, referred to as a thallus, is formed of hyphae wrapped around the photosynthetic partner. Fundamentals of Biology 2015-01-01T00:00:00Z They extend back beyond the Carboniferous, where they occur as hyphae, &c., preserved in the fossil woods, but the best specimens are probably those in amber and in siliceous petrifactions of more recent origin. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 11, Slice 3 "Frost" to "Fyzabad" 2011-08-15T02:00:28.473Z The sporophore is obsolete when the spore-bearing hyphae are not sharply distinct from the mycelium, simple when the constituent hyphae are isolated, and compound when the latter are conjoined. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 11, Slice 3 "Frost" to "Fyzabad" 2011-08-15T02:00:28.473Z In the more complex tissue-bodies of higher fungi, however, we find considerable differences in the various layers or strands of hyphae. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 11, Slice 3 "Frost" to "Fyzabad" 2011-08-15T02:00:28.473Z The segments of the hyphae in this group usually contain several nuclei. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 11, Slice 3 "Frost" to "Fyzabad" 2011-08-15T02:00:28.473Z |
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