| 单词 | hymenium |
| 例句 | The shroom has fine, fuzzy hairs that feel like velvet and even has teeth-like structures of its own, also known as hymenium, which are spore-bearing surfaces of a mushroom, typically gills. The 10 weirdest mushrooms in North America 2023-04-30T04:00:00Z From each of the four segments in the case of Tremella a long outgrowth arises which reaches to the surface of the hymenium 344 and bears the basidiospores. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 11, Slice 3 "Frost" to "Fyzabad" 2011-08-15T02:00:28.473Z In the Hydnei, spine-bearing mushrooms, the hymenium is seen covering the spines or needle-like processes which take the place of gills in this order, and which project from the under surface of the cap. Student's Hand-book of Mushrooms of America, Edible and Poisonous Of the pileate such a genus as Gyromitra or Helvella is, in a certain sense, analogous to the Agarics amongst Hymenomycetes, with a superior instead of an inferior hymenium, and enclosed, not naked, spores. Fungi: Their Nature and Uses The hymenium by its corrugations forms depressions such as are found in the human ear. The Mushroom, Edible and Otherwise Its Habitat and its Time of Growth This character of the hymenium led Berkeley to place the plant in the genus Paxillus, with which it does not seem to be so closely related as with the genus Boletus. Studies of American Fungi. Mushrooms, Edible, Poisonous, etc. A portion of a section through an apothecium of Peltigera canina, showing part of the hymenium of interwoven hyphae below and the bases of three paraphyses above. Ohio Biological Survey, Bull. 10, Vol. 11, No. 6 The Ascomycetes of Ohio IV and V In the Thelephorei, the lower surface of the cap presents neither gills, pores, nor spines, but instead the hymenium covers an uneven or slightly wrinkled surface, partially striate, sometimes obscurely papillose. Student's Hand-book of Mushrooms of America, Edible and Poisonous Fixed to the place where it is generated by some more or less abundant mycelioid filaments, the receptacle becomes somewhat cup-shaped and either stipitate or sessile, composed of the receptacle proper and the hymenium. Fungi: Their Nature and Uses Yellow, cartilaginous, especially when dry, spathulate, expanded above, hymenium slightly ribbed, contracted where it issues from a log. The Mushroom, Edible and Otherwise Its Habitat and its Time of Growth One very characteristic feature of the plant is the presence of cystidia in the hymenium on the gills. Studies of American Fungi. Mushrooms, Edible, Poisonous, etc. Every mushroom has a spore-bearing layer of cells, which is called the hymenium. Among the Mushrooms A Guide For Beginners The fertile threads are not compacted into a true hymenium. Student's Hand-book of Mushrooms of America, Edible and Poisonous The external membrane, which envelopes the parenchyma, and limits the hymenium, differs from the preceding by the cells often being polyhedric, sometimes transverse, and united together, and sometimes separable. Fungi: Their Nature and Uses Pileus orbicular, margin involute, free from the stem, smooth, hymenium covering upper surface. The Mushroom, Edible and Otherwise Its Habitat and its Time of Growth The genus Phlebia in the Hydnaceae has the hymenium on smooth, somewhat radiating veins which are interrupted and irregular. Studies of American Fungi. Mushrooms, Edible, Poisonous, etc. This hymenium is composed of a number of swollen, club-shaped cells, called basidia, and close to them, side by side, are sterile, elongated cells, named paraphyses. Among the Mushrooms A Guide For Beginners Soft and fleshy, simple capitate, stem distinct, hymenium surrounding the inflated cap; head ovate, obtuse, inflated.—M. Student's Hand-book of Mushrooms of America, Edible and Poisonous As in the Discomycetes, the hymenium consists of asci, paraphyses, and mucilage, but the whole forms a less compact and more gelatinous mass within the perithecium. Fungi: Their Nature and Uses The hymenium is generally separable from the substance of the cap. The Mushroom, Edible and Otherwise Its Habitat and its Time of Growth They are scattered over the entire surface of the hymenium, but become more numerous on the edge of the lamellæ. Studies of American Fungi. Mushrooms, Edible, Poisonous, etc. The substance proceeding from and of like nature with the part that bears the hymenium—the framework of the gills. Among the Mushrooms A Guide For Beginners Hymenophore fleshy, hymenium inferior, that is, on the under surface of the cap, at first papillose; the papill� at length elongated, and forming distinct tubes. Student's Hand-book of Mushrooms of America, Edible and Poisonous First, then, the section Sporifera contains four families, in two of which a hymenium is present, and in two there is no proper hymenium. Fungi: Their Nature and Uses The hymenium, or spore bearing surface, is the interior wall of the cup. The Mushroom, Edible and Otherwise Its Habitat and its Time of Growth These threads interlace to form a delicate membrane, known as the veil, which closes the gap between the stem and pileus and covers over the young hymenium. Studies of American Fungi. Mushrooms, Edible, Poisonous, etc. Auricularini.—The hymenium is more or less even, and in— Clavariei the whole fungus is club-shaped, or more or less intricately branched, with the hymenium covering the outer surface. Fungi: Their Nature and Uses Basidium, cell a, borne on the hymenium, or spore-bearing surface of the gills; b, stigmata; c, spores.Fig. Student's Hand-book of Mushrooms of America, Edible and Poisonous The term hymenium is employed to represent a more or less expanded surface, on which the fructification is produced, and is, in fact, the fruit-bearing surface. Fungi: Their Nature and Uses Receptacle orbicular, then truncate, glutinous within, at first closed; hymenium even, persistent, smooth. The Mushroom, Edible and Otherwise Its Habitat and its Time of Growth These stand parallel, and together make up the entire or large part of the hymenium or fruiting surface which covers the gills, etc. Studies of American Fungi. Mushrooms, Edible, Poisonous, etc. Phalloidei.—In this order the hymenium is at first enclosed within a sort of peridium or universal volva, maintaining a somewhat globose or egg-shape. Fungi: Their Nature and Uses In all four of these genera the hymenium is superior, i. e., it is on the upper and outer surface of the cap, the interior surface being barren. Student's Hand-book of Mushrooms of America, Edible and Poisonous The two families in which an hymenium is present are called Hymenomycetes and Gasteromycetes. Fungi: Their Nature and Uses The hymenium is the surface or part of the plant which bears the spores. The Mushroom, Edible and Otherwise Its Habitat and its Time of Growth Hymenophore, the portion of the fruit body which bears the hymenium. Studies of American Fungi. Mushrooms, Edible, Poisonous, etc. It is very difficult to observe the structure of the hymenium in this order, on account of its deliquescent nature. Fungi: Their Nature and Uses In the Discomycete� the hymenium is superior, that is, disposed upon the upper or exterior surface of the mushroom cap. Student's Hand-book of Mushrooms of America, Edible and Poisonous In the former, the hymenium is exposed; in the latter, it is at first enclosed. Fungi: Their Nature and Uses Any one determining this species will not fail to note the number of brown cystidia or set�, in the hymenium, which project above the surface of the gills. The Mushroom, Edible and Otherwise Its Habitat and its Time of Growth These sacs, or asci, are grouped together, lying side by side, forming the fruiting surface or hymenium, much as the basidia form the fruiting surface in the mushrooms. Studies of American Fungi. Mushrooms, Edible, Poisonous, etc. As the hymenium approaches maturity, the volva is ruptured, and the plant rapidly enlarges. Fungi: Their Nature and Uses Montagne and Berkeley are credited with being the first to show the true structure of the hymenium in the puff-balls, as well as to demonstrate the presence of basidia. Student's Hand-book of Mushrooms of America, Edible and Poisonous The pileus or cap bears on its under surface radiating plates or gills, consisting of the hymenium, over which are thickly scattered the basidia, each surmounted by four spicules, and on each spicule a spore. Fungi: Their Nature and Uses When I first found this plant the hymenium had resolved into teeth, and I supposed that I had found an Irpex. The Mushroom, Edible and Otherwise Its Habitat and its Time of Growth One cannot always depend on the color of the lamellæ since a number of the species possess colored cystidia or spines in the hymenium which disguise the color of the spores. Studies of American Fungi. Mushrooms, Edible, Poisonous, etc. This encloses the hymenium, which is sinuous, contorted, and twisted, often forming lacunæ. Fungi: Their Nature and Uses The hymenium is at first firm but rapidly deliquesces, holding the spores in the liquid mass. Student's Hand-book of Mushrooms of America, Edible and Poisonous Still further divergence is manifest in the Polyporei, in which order the hymenium lines the inner surface of pores or tubes, which are normally on the under side of the pileus. Fungi: Their Nature and Uses Coriaceous-membranaceous, effused; hymenium inferior, at first toothed, teeth springing from a porus base, somewhat coriaceous, entirely concrete with the pileus, netted and connected at the base, white or whitish, turning yellowish with age. The Mushroom, Edible and Otherwise Its Habitat and its Time of Growth A few of them are forked toward the base, and the surface and the space between them are marked by anastomosing veins forming a reticulum suggestive of the hymenium of the Polyporaceæ. Studies of American Fungi. Mushrooms, Edible, Poisonous, etc. But in the Discomycetes the hymenium soon becomes more or less exposed, and in the latter it is enclosed in a perithecium. Fungi: Their Nature and Uses They have no hymenium and no true basidia, and are non-sexual in their reproduction. Student's Hand-book of Mushrooms of America, Edible and Poisonous Whatever form the fungus assumes, the hymenium covers the whole exposed surface. Fungi: Their Nature and Uses Entirely resupinate, hymenium soft and fleshy when moist, collapsing when dry, often cracked. The Mushroom, Edible and Otherwise Its Habitat and its Time of Growth In the Agaricaceæ the hymenium covers the entire surface of the gills and usually the portion of the pileus between the gills. Studies of American Fungi. Mushrooms, Edible, Poisonous, etc. This substance appears as a colourless or yellowish mucilage, which envelopes the paraphyses and asci, and so covers the hymenium with a shining coat. Fungi: Their Nature and Uses The two families still remained distinct, however, not only because of the dissimilarity in their external features but principally on account of the difference in the disposition and character of the hymenium. Student's Hand-book of Mushrooms of America, Edible and Poisonous We come now to the second section of the Sporifera, in which no definite hymenium is present. Fungi: Their Nature and Uses The hymenium is waxy when moist, cracked when dry. The Mushroom, Edible and Otherwise Its Habitat and its Time of Growth The hymenium.—The term hymenium is applied to the spore-bearing tissue of many fungi. Studies of American Fungi. Mushrooms, Edible, Poisonous, etc. The general feature in all is the presence of a perithecium, which contains and encloses the hymenium, and at length opening by a pore or ostiolum at the apex. Fungi: Their Nature and Uses In the order Agaricini the hymenium is found on the under surface of the mushroom cap, covering pleats or gills, technically called lamell�. Student's Hand-book of Mushrooms of America, Edible and Poisonous V. Fertile cells seated on threads, not compacted into a hymenium Physomycetes. Fungi: Their Nature and Uses These plants are gelatinous, with a cap or pileus; the hymenium covered with acute gelatinous spines, awl-shaped and equal. The Mushroom, Edible and Otherwise Its Habitat and its Time of Growth But in all there is this important difference from the Ascomycetes we have already had under consideration, that the hymenium is never exposed. Fungi: Their Nature and Uses The perithecium consists usually of an external layer of cellular structure, which is either smooth or hairy, usually blackish, and an internal stratum of less compact cells, which give rise to the hymenium. Fungi: Their Nature and Uses These classes are again subdivided, according to the disposition of the spores and of the spore bearing surface, called the hymenium, into various families. Student's Hand-book of Mushrooms of America, Edible and Poisonous Asci formed from the fertile cells of a hymenium Ascomycetes. Fungi: Their Nature and Uses These sacs arise from a naked or inclosed stratum of fructifying cells, forming a hymenium or nucleus. The Mushroom, Edible and Otherwise Its Habitat and its Time of Growth In the last family, the Ascomycetes, we shall meet with a very great variety of forms, all agreeing in producing sporidia contained in certain cells called asci, which are produced from the hymenium. Fungi: Their Nature and Uses In Elvellacei, the substance is more or less fleshy, and the hymenium is exposed. Fungi: Their Nature and Uses Gasteromycetes, in which the hymenium is enclosed in a second case or wrapper, called a peridium, which ruptures when mature, thus releasing the spores. Student's Hand-book of Mushrooms of America, Edible and Poisonous The phosphorescence is at first, and more ordinarily, recognizable at the surface of the hymenium. Fungi: Their Nature and Uses Ascospore smooth or slightly wrinkled, free from the sides of the stem, attached at the tip of the stem, bell-shaped, thin; hymenium covering the entire surface of the ascospore; asci cylindrical, 8-spored. The Mushroom, Edible and Otherwise Its Habitat and its Time of Growth In Phacidiacei, the substance is hard or leathery, and the hymenium is soon exposed. Fungi: Their Nature and Uses And in Sphæriacei, although the substance is variable, the hymenium is never exposed, being enclosed in perithecia with a distinct opening at the apex, through which the mature spores escape. Fungi: Their Nature and Uses Fruit, consisting of sporidia, mostly definite, contained in asci, springing from a naked or enclosed stratum of fructifying cells, and forming a hymenium.—Cooke and Berkeley. Student's Hand-book of Mushrooms of America, Edible and Poisonous Tulasne ascertained that they are derived from the spores of this fungus when they have become free, and rest on the surface of the hymenium. Fungi: Their Nature and Uses This is a large genus of discomycetous fungi in which the hymenium lines the cavity of a fleshy membranous or waxy cup. The Mushroom, Edible and Otherwise Its Habitat and its Time of Growth Certain privileged cells of the hymenium swell, and ultimately become asci, enclosing a definite number of sporidia. Fungi: Their Nature and Uses There is no peridium, but the hymenium is always exposed. Fungi: Their Nature and Uses The sporiferous fungi are arranged into four families, viz: Hymenomycetes, in which the hymenium is free, mostly naked, or soon exposed. Student's Hand-book of Mushrooms of America, Edible and Poisonous This contact seems to communicate to the vermiform body a special vital energy, which is immediately directed towards the production of a somewhat filamentous tissue, on which the hymenium is at a later period developed. Fungi: Their Nature and Uses In case of the Phalloides, the hymenium deliquesces, instead of drying up. The Mushroom, Edible and Otherwise Its Habitat and its Time of Growth In the pileate forms, the stroma is fleshy and highly developed; in the cup-shaped, it is reduced to the external cells of the cup which enclose the hymenium. Fungi: Their Nature and Uses The hymenium itself consists of elongated fertile cells, or asci, mixed with linear thread-like barren cells, called paraphyses, which are regarded by some authors as barren asci. Fungi: Their Nature and Uses Ascomycetes.—In the plants of this family the spores are not supported upon basidia, but instead are enclosed in minute sacs or asci formed from the fertile cells of a hymenium. Student's Hand-book of Mushrooms of America, Edible and Poisonous These cellular masses attain a considerable volume before the hymenium begins to show itself in a depression of their summit. Fungi: Their Nature and Uses The gills, pores and teeth afford a foundation for the hymenium or fruit-bearing surface. The Mushroom, Edible and Otherwise Its Habitat and its Time of Growth The disc or surface of the hymenium is often brightly coloured in the genus Peziza; tints of orange, red, and brown having the predominance. Fungi: Their Nature and Uses In some instances, there is a close affinity with the Elvellacei, the exposed hymenium being similar in structure, but in all the disc is at first closed. Fungi: Their Nature and Uses The tubes are little cylinders, long or short, pressed one against another, forming by their union a layer on the under surface of the cap, and the sporiferous membrane or hymenium lines their inner walls. Student's Hand-book of Mushrooms of America, Edible and Poisonous The hymenium is the spore-bearing surface, which is exposed or naked, and spread over the gills. Fungi: Their Nature and Uses Among these basidia and sterile cells will frequently be seen an overgrown bladder-like sterile basidium which projects beyond the rest of the hymenium, and whose use is not as yet fully known. The Mushroom, Edible and Otherwise Its Habitat and its Time of Growth The hymenium lines the inner walls of the perithecium, and forms a gelatinous nucleus, consisting of asci and paraphyses. Fungi: Their Nature and Uses The following are the technical characters of the family:— Fruit consisting of sporidia, mostly definite, contained in asci, springing from a naked or enclosed stratum of fructifying cells and forming a hymenium or nucleus = Ascomycetes. Fungi: Their Nature and Uses In another case, and amongst more aged fungi, the hymenium of which had ceased to give light, the stipe, on the contrary, threw out a brilliant glare. Fungi: Their Nature and Uses Both kinds of bodies are produced on the hymenium of most, if not all, the Agaricini. Fungi: Their Nature and Uses In the pore-bearing genera the hymenium lines the vertical pores; in teeth-bearing fungi it lines the surface of each tooth, or is spread out over the smooth surface of the Stereum. The Mushroom, Edible and Otherwise Its Habitat and its Time of Growth The nearest approach to the latter is found in the hymenium of some Boleti. Fungi: Their Nature and Uses The pores are whitish cinereous, sometimes fuscous; variable in thickness, color, and character of hymenium; sometimes with white margin; often imbricated and fuliginous when moist. The Mushroom, Edible and Otherwise Its Habitat and its Time of Growth The hymenium is alveolate, radiating, formed of the densely irregularly uniting gills; elongated, diamond-shaped. The Mushroom, Edible and Otherwise Its Habitat and its Time of Growth Soon after exposure, the hymenium deliquesces into a dark mucilage, coloured by the minute spores, which drips from the pileus, often diffusing a most loathsome odour for a considerable distance. Fungi: Their Nature and Uses The hymenium, or spore-bearing surface, is external at an early stage in the life of the plant. The Mushroom, Edible and Otherwise Its Habitat and its Time of Growth Montgomery places it in the above genus because of its gelatinous hymenium. The Mushroom, Edible and Otherwise Its Habitat and its Time of Growth The hymenium is even, coriaceous, or waxy, costate, or papillose. The Mushroom, Edible and Otherwise Its Habitat and its Time of Growth The pileus is thin, flexible, tubiform, hollow to the base, blackish-brown, sometimes a little scaly, the hymenium even or somewhat wrinkled, cinereous. The Mushroom, Edible and Otherwise Its Habitat and its Time of Growth The hymenium is sinuous and convolute, bearing basidia with sterigmata and spores in the cavities. Fungi: Their Nature and Uses Mycelium floccose, giving rise to a distinct hymenium, fungus fleshy, membranaceous, woody or gelatinous. The Mushroom, Edible and Otherwise Its Habitat and its Time of Growth The hymenium is even, becoming darker colored when older. The Mushroom, Edible and Otherwise Its Habitat and its Time of Growth The hymenium is coriaceous, even, rather thick, concrete with the intermediate stratum of the pileus, which has a cuticle even and veinless, remaining unchanged and smooth. The Mushroom, Edible and Otherwise Its Habitat and its Time of Growth The hymenium is naked, smooth, even; in color a pale clear purple, becoming dingy ochraceous, with only a tinge of purple, when dry. The Mushroom, Edible and Otherwise Its Habitat and its Time of Growth These lines are made up of spores which have fallen from the hymenium, and, if placed under the microscope, their character will at once be made evident. Fungi: Their Nature and Uses The cystidia in the hymenium on the gills will be of interest to those who have a microscope. The Mushroom, Edible and Otherwise Its Habitat and its Time of Growth The pileus is coriaceous, firm, resupinate, effused, reflexed, brown, slightly sulcate; the hymenium velvety with brown bristles. The Mushroom, Edible and Otherwise Its Habitat and its Time of Growth |
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