| 单词 | hunter-gatherer |
| 例句 | In these and other areas where food production depended on the arrival of founder crops from elsewhere, did local hunter-gatherers themselves adopt those founder crops from neighboring farming peoples and thereby become farmers themselves? Guns, Germs, and Steel: The Fates of Human Societies 1997-03-01T00:00:00Z If our minds are those of hunter-gatherers, our cuisine is that of ancient farmers. Sapiens: A Brief History of Humankind 2011-01-01T00:00:00Z It’s only in the last century that modern society has been able to match the health of its hunter-gatherer ancestors. The Omnivore's Dilemma 2006-04-11T00:00:00Z Those few peoples who remained hunter-gatherers into the 20th century escaped replacement by food producers because they were confined to areas not fit for food production, especially deserts and Arctic regions. Guns, Germs, and Steel: The Fates of Human Societies 1997-03-01T00:00:00Z That strength of brute numbers was the first of many military advantages that food-producing tribes gained over hunter-gatherer tribes. Guns, Germs, and Steel: The Fates of Human Societies 1997-03-01T00:00:00Z By going back to a hunter-gatherer meal, I would have to solve the problem of what to eat the old-fashioned way. The Omnivore's Dilemma 2006-04-11T00:00:00Z In addition, hunter-gatherers frequently shift camp and leave behind their own piles of feces with accumulated microbes and worm larvae. Guns, Germs, and Steel: The Fates of Human Societies 1997-03-01T00:00:00Z In addition, Australia’s aridity, infertility, and climatic unpredictability limited its hunter-gatherer population to only a few hundred thousand people. Guns, Germs, and Steel: The Fates of Human Societies 1997-03-01T00:00:00Z How could those Austronesian-speaking farmers from South China via Taiwan replace the original hunter-gatherer population of the Philippines and western Indonesia so completely that little genetic and no linguistic evidence of that original population survived? Guns, Germs, and Steel: The Fates of Human Societies 1997-03-01T00:00:00Z Another resulted in a replacement, throughout almost the whole of tropical Southeast Asia, of indigenous hunter-gatherers by farmers of ultimately South Chinese origin. Guns, Germs, and Steel: The Fates of Human Societies 1997-03-01T00:00:00Z All of these features distinguish Jomon people from observed modern hunter-gatherers who shift base every few weeks, build only shelters, and burden themselves with few and easily portable possessions. Guns, Germs, and Steel: The Fates of Human Societies 1997-03-01T00:00:00Z The other part is that neither farmers nor hunter-gatherers are naked, at least not figuratively. Guns, Germs, and Steel: The Fates of Human Societies 1997-03-01T00:00:00Z Europeans today who note that Aboriginal Australians entered the modern world as Stone Age hunter-gatherers often assume that the Aborigines would have gone on that way forever. Guns, Germs, and Steel: The Fates of Human Societies 1997-03-01T00:00:00Z The author must understand from firsthand experience a range of human societies, from hunter-gatherer societies to modern space-age civilizations. Guns, Germs, and Steel: The Fates of Human Societies 1997-03-01T00:00:00Z Lowland New Guineans on the coast do obtain much fish and shellfish, and some lowlanders in the interior still live today as hunter-gatherers, subsisting especially on wild sago palms. Guns, Germs, and Steel: The Fates of Human Societies 1997-03-01T00:00:00Z That rate is much higher than observed for hunter-gatherer populations but is easily attained by farmers: Kenya’s population is now growing at 4.5 percent per year. Guns, Germs, and Steel: The Fates of Human Societies 1997-03-01T00:00:00Z Hence nomadic hunter-gatherer societies have few or no such full-time specialists, who instead first appear in sedentary societies. Guns, Germs, and Steel: The Fates of Human Societies 1997-03-01T00:00:00Z While some nomadic hunter-gatherers may occasionally bag more food than they can consume in a few days, such a bonanza is of little use to them because they cannot protect it. Guns, Germs, and Steel: The Fates of Human Societies 1997-03-01T00:00:00Z Large societies of food producers have not only more members but also higher population densities than do small bands of hunter-gatherers. Guns, Germs, and Steel: The Fates of Human Societies 1997-03-01T00:00:00Z Those African herders thereby achieved a huge advantage over African hunter-gatherers and quickly displaced them. Guns, Germs, and Steel: The Fates of Human Societies 1997-03-01T00:00:00Z After briefly occupying the cold northern tip of Honshu, Yayoi farmers abandoned that area, presumably because rice farming just could not compete there with the Jomon hunter-gatherer lifestyle. Guns, Germs, and Steel: The Fates of Human Societies 1997-03-01T00:00:00Z But we are largely at a loss in trying to comprehend the beliefs and rituals of ancient hunter-gatherers. Sapiens: A Brief History of Humankind 2011-01-01T00:00:00Z California Native American hunter-gatherers traded with Native American farmers in the Colorado River valley. Guns, Germs, and Steel: The Fates of Human Societies 1997-03-01T00:00:00Z Their lives were similar enough to contemporary hunter-gatherers that perhaps they should now be simply called Indians. 1491 2005-10-10T00:00:00Z Instead, highly productive agriculture enabled a modest number of immigrant rice farmers to reproduce much faster than Jomon hunter-gatherers and eventually to outnumber them. Guns, Germs, and Steel: The Fates of Human Societies 1997-03-01T00:00:00Z Unlike Easter Island and other remote Polynesian islands, Greenland could not support a self-sufficient food-producing society, though it did support self-sufficient Inuit hunter-gatherer populations before, during, and after the Norse occupation period. Guns, Germs, and Steel: The Fates of Human Societies 1997-03-01T00:00:00Z As everywhere else in the world, the archaeological record in East Asia for most of human history reveals only the debris of hunter-gatherers using unpolished stone tools and lacking pottery. Guns, Germs, and Steel: The Fates of Human Societies 1997-03-01T00:00:00Z In reality, although we frequently draw such a contrast, hunter-gatherers in some productive areas, including North America’s Pacific Northwest coast and possibly southeastern Australia, became sedentary but never became food producers. Guns, Germs, and Steel: The Fates of Human Societies 1997-03-01T00:00:00Z Ancient hunter-gatherers worked much less than modern-day humans. The Omnivore's Dilemma 2006-04-11T00:00:00Z The Moriori reverted to being hunter-gatherers, while the North Island Maori turned to more intensive farming. Guns, Germs, and Steel: The Fates of Human Societies 1997-03-01T00:00:00Z The Moriori were a small, isolated population of hunter-gatherers, equipped with only the simplest technology and weapons, entirely inexperienced at war, and lacking strong leadership or organization. Guns, Germs, and Steel: The Fates of Human Societies 1997-03-01T00:00:00Z These tests confirm that the same ancestral peoples either ended up extinct, or returned to living as hunter-gatherers, or went on to build complex states, depending on their environments. Guns, Germs, and Steel: The Fates of Human Societies 1997-03-01T00:00:00Z First, do hunter-gatherers and incipient farmers really know well all locally available wild species and their uses, or might they have overlooked potential ancestors of valuable crops? Guns, Germs, and Steel: The Fates of Human Societies 1997-03-01T00:00:00Z Because modern-day hunter-gatherers in Africa live in egalitarian bands that constantly move from place to place, archaeologists assumed that Native American hunter-gatherers must also have done so. 1491 2005-10-10T00:00:00Z The sago eaters persisting in lowland swamps exemplify the nomadic hunter-gatherer band organization that must formerly have characterized all New Guineans. Guns, Germs, and Steel: The Fates of Human Societies 1997-03-01T00:00:00Z Like mainland Aborigines, they were hunter-gatherers without metal tools. Guns, Germs, and Steel: The Fates of Human Societies 1997-03-01T00:00:00Z There have been roughly 600 generations since human beings first ceased to be hunter-gatherers. The Invention of Science 2015-09-17T00:00:00Z From those nuclear areas, hunter-gatherers of some neighboring areas learned food production, and peoples of other neighboring areas were replaced by invading food producers from the nuclear areas—again at widely differing times. Guns, Germs, and Steel: The Fates of Human Societies 1997-03-01T00:00:00Z As they spread into the Congo Basin’s equatorial forest zone, cleared gardens, and increased in numbers, they began to engulf the Pygmy hunter-gatherers and compress them into the forest itself. Guns, Germs, and Steel: The Fates of Human Societies 1997-03-01T00:00:00Z But there is a fatal flaw in this reasoning: plant domestication is not a matter of hunter-gatherers’ domesticating a single plant and otherwise carrying on unchanged with their nomadic lifestyle. Guns, Germs, and Steel: The Fates of Human Societies 1997-03-01T00:00:00Z Like the rest of the world, most of the present Austronesian realm—Taiwan, the Philippines, Indonesia, and many Pacific islands—was originally occupied by hunter-gatherers lacking pottery, polished stone tools, domestic animals, and crops. Guns, Germs, and Steel: The Fates of Human Societies 1997-03-01T00:00:00Z Thereafter, Tasmania’s population of 4,000 hunter-gatherers remained out of contact with all other humans on Earth, living in an isolation otherwise known only from science fiction novels. Guns, Germs, and Steel: The Fates of Human Societies 1997-03-01T00:00:00Z In their subsistence modes, Polynesians ranged from the hunter-gatherers of the Chathams, through slash-and-burn farmers, to practitioners of intensive food production living at some of the highest population densities of any human societies. Guns, Germs, and Steel: The Fates of Human Societies 1997-03-01T00:00:00Z Because the Australians remained nomadic hunter-gatherers, they acquired only those few Macassan products and practices compatible with their lifestyle. Guns, Germs, and Steel: The Fates of Human Societies 1997-03-01T00:00:00Z Albert Einstein was far less dexterous with his hands than was an ancient hunter-gatherer. Sapiens: A Brief History of Humankind 2011-01-01T00:00:00Z Similarly, throughout human history farmers have tended to despise hunter-gatherers as primitive, hunter-gatherers have despised farmers as ignorant, and herders have despised both. Guns, Germs, and Steel: The Fates of Human Societies 1997-03-01T00:00:00Z The same may have been true on the Atlantic coast of Europe, where local hunter-gatherers apparently adopted Southwest Asian sheep and cereals over the course of many centuries. Guns, Germs, and Steel: The Fates of Human Societies 1997-03-01T00:00:00Z Any reconstruction of the lives of ancient hunter-gatherers from the surviving artefacts is extremely problematic. Sapiens: A Brief History of Humankind 2011-01-01T00:00:00Z Evidence for all of these techniques becomes abundant at sites of hunter-gatherers in the Fertile Crescent after 11,000 B.C. Guns, Germs, and Steel: The Fates of Human Societies 1997-03-01T00:00:00Z To understand our nature, history and psychology, we must get inside the heads of our hunter-gatherer ancestors. Sapiens: A Brief History of Humankind 2011-01-01T00:00:00Z Hence hunter-gatherers usually don’t have pottery, because most sedentary societies elsewhere in the world arose only with the adoption of agriculture. Guns, Germs, and Steel: The Fates of Human Societies 1997-03-01T00:00:00Z Archaeologists have demonstrated that the first farmers in many areas were smaller and less well nourished, suffered from more serious diseases, and died on the average at a younger age than the hunter-gatherers they replaced. Guns, Germs, and Steel: The Fates of Human Societies 1997-03-01T00:00:00Z Nomadic hunter-gatherers are limited to technology that can be carried. Guns, Germs, and Steel: The Fates of Human Societies 1997-03-01T00:00:00Z Trading and marriage relationships were undoubtedly established between those Khoisan and the Bantu farmers, each occupying different adjacent habitats, just as Pygmy hunter-gatherers and Bantu farmers still do today in equatorial Africa. Guns, Germs, and Steel: The Fates of Human Societies 1997-03-01T00:00:00Z We can only venture a guess, by analogy with witnessed events in modern times when steel-toting white farmers collided with stone tool-using hunter-gatherers of Aboriginal Australia and Indian California. Guns, Germs, and Steel: The Fates of Human Societies 1997-03-01T00:00:00Z But the Japanese environment is so productive that it was one of the few locations where people could settle down and make pottery while still living as hunter-gatherers. Guns, Germs, and Steel: The Fates of Human Societies 1997-03-01T00:00:00Z People of many hunter-gatherer societies move frequently in search of wild foods, but farmers must remain near their fields and orchards. Guns, Germs, and Steel: The Fates of Human Societies 1997-03-01T00:00:00Z It may well be that ancient hunter-gatherers living in zones more fertile than the Kalahari spent even less time obtaining food and raw materials. Sapiens: A Brief History of Humankind 2011-01-01T00:00:00Z There exist many actual cases of hunter-gatherers who did see food production practiced by their neighbors, and who nevertheless refused to accept its supposed blessings and instead remained hunter-gatherers. Guns, Germs, and Steel: The Fates of Human Societies 1997-03-01T00:00:00Z As soon as this happened, they cheerfully abandoned the gruelling, dangerous, and often spartan life of hunter-gatherers, settling down to enjoy the pleasant, satiated life of farmers. Sapiens: A Brief History of Humankind 2011-01-01T00:00:00Z Agriculture was also widespread in the Americas, but hunter-gatherers occupied a larger fraction of the Americas’ area than of Eurasia’s. Guns, Germs, and Steel: The Fates of Human Societies 1997-03-01T00:00:00Z What can we say about the spiritual and mental life of the ancient hunter-gatherers? Sapiens: A Brief History of Humankind 2011-01-01T00:00:00Z To understand why, evolutionary psychologists argue, we need to delve into the hunter-gatherer world that shaped us, the world that we subconsciously still inhabit. Sapiens: A Brief History of Humankind 2011-01-01T00:00:00Z Mobile bands of hunter-gatherers are relatively egalitarian, and their political sphere is confined to the band’s own territory and to shifting alliances with neighboring bands. Guns, Germs, and Steel: The Fates of Human Societies 1997-03-01T00:00:00Z Conversely, it also befell the stubborn, conservative Greenland Norse farmers, replaced by Eskimo hunter-gatherers whose subsistence methods and technology were far superior to those of the Norse under Greenland conditions. Guns, Germs, and Steel: The Fates of Human Societies 1997-03-01T00:00:00Z Before Austronesians arrived, most of Indonesia was thinly occupied by hunter-gatherers lacking even polished stone tools. Guns, Germs, and Steel: The Fates of Human Societies 1997-03-01T00:00:00Z And what accounts for the failure of Aboriginal Australians to pass beyond the stage of hunter-gatherers with stone tools? Guns, Germs, and Steel: The Fates of Human Societies 1997-03-01T00:00:00Z All humans presumably did so too, until improved technology for extracting food allowed some hunter-gatherers to settle in permanent dwellings in some resource-rich areas. Guns, Germs, and Steel: The Fates of Human Societies 1997-03-01T00:00:00Z But that area, too, remained a cultural backwater occupied by hunter-gatherers for most of its history. Guns, Germs, and Steel: The Fates of Human Societies 1997-03-01T00:00:00Z Instead, one part of the explanation for farmer power lies in the much denser populations that food production could support: ten naked farmers certainly would have an advantage over one naked hunter-gatherer in a fight. Guns, Germs, and Steel: The Fates of Human Societies 1997-03-01T00:00:00Z In practice, nomadic hunter-gatherers space their children about four years apart by means of lactational amenorrhea, sexual abstinence, infanticide, and abortion. Guns, Germs, and Steel: The Fates of Human Societies 1997-03-01T00:00:00Z Why wasn’t there at least one African hunter-gatherer tribe that domesticated those zebras and buffalo and that thereby gained sway over other Africans, without having to await the arrival of Eurasian horses and cattle? Guns, Germs, and Steel: The Fates of Human Societies 1997-03-01T00:00:00Z However, the skeletal differences between the earlier hunter-gatherers and the farmers who replaced them are less marked in Europe than in the Philippines, Indonesia, and subequatorial Africa. Guns, Germs, and Steel: The Fates of Human Societies 1997-03-01T00:00:00Z In addition, those first Japanese potters were clearly hunter-gatherers, and that also violated established views. Guns, Germs, and Steel: The Fates of Human Societies 1997-03-01T00:00:00Z One theory is that Jomon hunter-gatherers themselves gradually evolved into the modern Japanese. Guns, Germs, and Steel: The Fates of Human Societies 1997-03-01T00:00:00Z Instead, Australian Aborigines were nomadic or semi-nomadic hunter-gatherers, organized into bands, living in temporary shelters or huts, and still dependent on stone tools. Guns, Germs, and Steel: The Fates of Human Societies 1997-03-01T00:00:00Z Jomon people lived at some of the highest population densities ever estimated for hunter-gatherers, especially in central and northern Japan with its nut-rich forests, salmon runs, and productive seas. Guns, Germs, and Steel: The Fates of Human Societies 1997-03-01T00:00:00Z For example, hunter-gatherers in parts of southeastern Europe had quickly adopted Southwest Asian cereal crops, pulse crops, and livestock simultaneously as a complete package by around 6000 B.C. Guns, Germs, and Steel: The Fates of Human Societies 1997-03-01T00:00:00Z At the time of his arrival, much of the original Native American population of hunter-gatherers was still living there. Guns, Germs, and Steel: The Fates of Human Societies 1997-03-01T00:00:00Z Ancient hunter-gatherers usually lived in territories covering many dozens and even hundreds of square miles. Sapiens: A Brief History of Humankind 2011-01-01T00:00:00Z For instance, the stone sickles, underground storage pits, and other technology that hunter-gatherers of the Fertile Crescent had been evolving to utilize wild cereals were available to the first cereal farmers of the Fertile Crescent. Guns, Germs, and Steel: The Fates of Human Societies 1997-03-01T00:00:00Z The ancient Japanese developed some of the oldest pottery in the world and settled as hunter-gatherers in villages subsisting on Japan’s rich seafood resources, long before the arrival of food production. Guns, Germs, and Steel: The Fates of Human Societies 1997-03-01T00:00:00Z The Natufians were hunter-gatherers who subsisted on dozens of wild species, but they lived in permanent villages and devoted much of their time to the intensive gathering and processing of wild cereals. Sapiens: A Brief History of Humankind 2011-01-01T00:00:00Z Here they encountered a melting pot of Afroasiatic and Nilo-Saharan farmers and herders growing millet and sorghum and raising livestock in drier areas, along with Khoisan hunter-gatherers. Guns, Germs, and Steel: The Fates of Human Societies 1997-03-01T00:00:00Z And you’ll be surprised to learn that hunter-gatherers ate better, grew taller, lived longer, and were healthier than “civilized” people. The Omnivore's Dilemma 2006-04-11T00:00:00Z That’s because all able-bodied hunter-gatherers are obliged to devote much of their time to acquiring food. Guns, Germs, and Steel: The Fates of Human Societies 1997-03-01T00:00:00Z That higher birthrate of food producers, together with their ability to feed more people per acre, lets them achieve much higher population densities than hunter-gatherers. Guns, Germs, and Steel: The Fates of Human Societies 1997-03-01T00:00:00Z The Stone Age should more accurately be called the Wood Age, because most of the tools used by ancient hunter-gatherers were made of wood. Sapiens: A Brief History of Humankind 2011-01-01T00:00:00Z Southwest and Mississippi Valley to the modern American breadbaskets of California and Oregon, where Native American societies remained hunter-gatherers merely because they lacked appropriate domesticates. Guns, Germs, and Steel: The Fates of Human Societies 1997-03-01T00:00:00Z To make my hunter-gatherer meal, I needed not only hunting skills, but gathering skills as well. The Omnivore's Dilemma 2006-04-11T00:00:00Z In a one-on-one fight, a naked farmer would have no advantage over a naked hunter-gatherer. Guns, Germs, and Steel: The Fates of Human Societies 1997-03-01T00:00:00Z From the precursors of food production already practiced by hunter-gatherers, it developed stepwise. Guns, Germs, and Steel: The Fates of Human Societies 1997-03-01T00:00:00Z Writing was never developed or even adopted by hunter-gatherer societies, because they lacked both the institutional uses of early writing and the social and agricultural mechanisms for generating the food surpluses required to feed scribes. Guns, Germs, and Steel: The Fates of Human Societies 1997-03-01T00:00:00Z Another supposed dichotomy that becomes blurred in reality is a distinction between food producers as active managers of their land and hunter-gatherers as mere collectors of the land’s wild produce. Guns, Germs, and Steel: The Fates of Human Societies 1997-03-01T00:00:00Z As a result, hunter-gatherers could move up a mountainside harvesting grain seeds as they matured, instead of being overwhelmed by a concentrated harvest season at a single altitude, where all grains matured simultaneously. Guns, Germs, and Steel: The Fates of Human Societies 1997-03-01T00:00:00Z For instance, around 3000 B.C. the hunter-gatherers of southern Sweden adopted farming based on Southwest Asian crops, but abandoned it around 2700 B.C. and reverted to hunting-gathering for 400 years before resuming farming. Guns, Germs, and Steel: The Fates of Human Societies 1997-03-01T00:00:00Z Aside from the use of fire, hunter-gatherers made few deliberate changes to the lands in which they roamed. Sapiens: A Brief History of Humankind 2011-01-01T00:00:00Z Within a few millennia that single ancestral Polynesian society had spawned on those diverse islands a range of diverse daughter societies, from hunter-gatherer tribes to proto-empires. Guns, Germs, and Steel: The Fates of Human Societies 1997-03-01T00:00:00Z Australian Aborigines, of course, stood in the way of European food production, especially because what was potentially the most productive farmland and dairy country initially supported Australia’s densest populations of Aboriginal hunter-gatherers. Guns, Germs, and Steel: The Fates of Human Societies 1997-03-01T00:00:00Z Most such expansions appear to be attributable to the advantages that speakers of the ancestral language, belonging to food-producing societies, held over hunter-gatherers. Guns, Germs, and Steel: The Fates of Human Societies 1997-03-01T00:00:00Z Since as hunter-gatherers they did not produce crop surpluses available for redistribution or storage, they could not support and feed nonhunting craft specialists, armies, bureaucrats, and chiefs. Guns, Germs, and Steel: The Fates of Human Societies 1997-03-01T00:00:00Z But to the south lay 2,000 miles of country thinly occupied by Khoisan hunter-gatherers, lacking iron and crops. Guns, Germs, and Steel: The Fates of Human Societies 1997-03-01T00:00:00Z A final advantage of early food production in the Fertile Crescent is that it may have faced less competition from the hunter-gatherer lifestyle than that in some other areas, including the western Mediterranean. Guns, Germs, and Steel: The Fates of Human Societies 1997-03-01T00:00:00Z Other hunter-gatherers, in Palestine, coastal Peru, and Japan, became sedentary first and adopted food production much later. Guns, Germs, and Steel: The Fates of Human Societies 1997-03-01T00:00:00Z Thirdly, the most notable characteristic of hunter-gatherer societies is how different they are one from the other. Sapiens: A Brief History of Humankind 2011-01-01T00:00:00Z Time budget studies show that they may spend more rather than fewer hours per day at work than hunter-gatherers do. Guns, Germs, and Steel: The Fates of Human Societies 1997-03-01T00:00:00Z Twelve thousand years ago, everybody on earth was a hunter-gatherer; now almost all of us are farmers or else are fed by farmers. Guns, Germs, and Steel: The Fates of Human Societies 1997-03-01T00:00:00Z However, all such peoples either practice at least some food production or are the partly acculturated last remnants of the world’s former hunter-gatherer societies. Guns, Germs, and Steel: The Fates of Human Societies 1997-03-01T00:00:00Z However, that translates into an average expansion of only 8 miles per year, a trivial feat for a hunter-gatherer likely to cover that distance even within a single day’s normal foraging. Guns, Germs, and Steel: The Fates of Human Societies 1997-03-01T00:00:00Z The adoption of intensive food production from the Asian mainland was also very slow and piecemeal in Japan, probably because the hunter-gatherer lifestyle based on seafood and local plants was so productive there. Guns, Germs, and Steel: The Fates of Human Societies 1997-03-01T00:00:00Z Pottery helped those Japanese hunter-gatherers to exploit their environment’s rich food resources more than 10,000 years before intensive agriculture reached Japan. Guns, Germs, and Steel: The Fates of Human Societies 1997-03-01T00:00:00Z Another misconception is that there is necessarily a sharp divide between nomadic hunter-gatherers and sedentary food producers. Guns, Germs, and Steel: The Fates of Human Societies 1997-03-01T00:00:00Z All of us, for example, are descended at some point from hunter- gatherers, and many hunter-gatherers, by all accounts, had a pretty leisurely life. Outliers 2008-11-18T00:00:00Z The Aché people, hunter-gatherers who lived in the jungles of Paraguay until the 1960s, offer a glimpse into the darker side of foraging. Sapiens: A Brief History of Humankind 2011-01-01T00:00:00Z A reliance on artefacts will thus bias an account of ancient hunter-gatherer life. Sapiens: A Brief History of Humankind 2011-01-01T00:00:00Z Thus, the food production package quickly became superior to the hunter-gatherer package. Guns, Germs, and Steel: The Fates of Human Societies 1997-03-01T00:00:00Z In addition, the Chathams are relatively small and remote islands, capable of supporting a total population of only about 2,000 hunter-gatherers. Guns, Germs, and Steel: The Fates of Human Societies 1997-03-01T00:00:00Z In contrast, the next two groups, the Pygmies and Khoisan, include hunter-gatherers without crops or livestock. Guns, Germs, and Steel: The Fates of Human Societies 1997-03-01T00:00:00Z In reality, some hunter-gatherers intensively manage their land. Guns, Germs, and Steel: The Fates of Human Societies 1997-03-01T00:00:00Z For instance, California’s native hunter-gatherers initially numbered about 200,000 in aggregate, but they were splintered among a hundred tribelets, none of which required a war to be defeated. Guns, Germs, and Steel: The Fates of Human Societies 1997-03-01T00:00:00Z Finally, peoples of some areas ecologically suitable for food production neither evolved nor acquired agriculture in prehistoric times at all; they persisted as hunter-gatherers until the modern world finally swept upon them. Guns, Germs, and Steel: The Fates of Human Societies 1997-03-01T00:00:00Z All those modern bands are or were nomadic hunter-gatherers rather than settled food producers. Guns, Germs, and Steel: The Fates of Human Societies 1997-03-01T00:00:00Z The birth interval for many farm peoples is around two years, half that of hunter-gatherers. Guns, Germs, and Steel: The Fates of Human Societies 1997-03-01T00:00:00Z A major reason is that Aborigines remained hunter-gatherers, whereas, as we saw in Chapters 12-14, those developments arose elsewhere only in populous and economically specialized societies of food producers. Guns, Germs, and Steel: The Fates of Human Societies 1997-03-01T00:00:00Z Food production was already arising in the Fertile Crescent only 1,500 years after the time when Clovis-derived hunter-gatherers were just reaching southern South America. Guns, Germs, and Steel: The Fates of Human Societies 1997-03-01T00:00:00Z I was curious to try the loin, and grilling outdoors over a fire seemed to me more in keeping with the hunter-gatherer theme. The Omnivore's Dilemma 2006-04-11T00:00:00Z In particular, Bantu farmers who acquired cows and sheep spread out of their homeland in West Africa and within a short time overran the former hunter-gatherers in most of the rest of sub-Saharan Africa. Guns, Germs, and Steel: The Fates of Human Societies 1997-03-01T00:00:00Z Between 10,000 and 9000 B.C. the people living there may already have been residing year-round in villages, but they were still hunter-gatherers; crop cultivation began only in the succeeding millennium. Guns, Germs, and Steel: The Fates of Human Societies 1997-03-01T00:00:00Z A hunter-gatherer mother who is shifting camp can carry only one child, along with her few possessions. Guns, Germs, and Steel: The Fates of Human Societies 1997-03-01T00:00:00Z In areas where there were only hunter-gatherers to begin with, those groups of hunter-gatherers who adopted food production outbred those who didn’t. Guns, Germs, and Steel: The Fates of Human Societies 1997-03-01T00:00:00Z In the Cape of South Africa the arriving Europeans found not only Khoi hunter-gatherers but also Khoi herders who already possessed only domestic animals, not crops. Guns, Germs, and Steel: The Fates of Human Societies 1997-03-01T00:00:00Z Chapter 6 explores the numerous factors driving the shift from the hunter-gatherer lifestyle toward food production, in some areas but not in others. Guns, Germs, and Steel: The Fates of Human Societies 1997-03-01T00:00:00Z Of those three neighbors, Aboriginal Australians remained hunter-gatherers with almost nothing to offer New Guineans that New Guineans did not already possess. Guns, Germs, and Steel: The Fates of Human Societies 1997-03-01T00:00:00Z Sedentary villages based on cereals were already in existence before the rise of food production and predisposed those hunter-gatherers to agriculture and herding. Guns, Germs, and Steel: The Fates of Human Societies 1997-03-01T00:00:00Z Throughout human history, centralized states with metal weapons and armies supported by dense agricultural populations have swept away sparser populations of stone-tool-using hunter-gatherers. Guns, Germs, and Steel: The Fates of Human Societies 1997-03-01T00:00:00Z The Fayu consist of about 400 hunter-gatherers, divided into four clans and wandering over a few hundred square miles. Guns, Germs, and Steel: The Fates of Human Societies 1997-03-01T00:00:00Z To understand the answer to this paradox, we have to remember that, until 400 B.C., the frontier of Tsushima Strait separated not rich farmers from poor hunter-gatherers but poor farmers from rich hunter-gatherers. Guns, Germs, and Steel: The Fates of Human Societies 1997-03-01T00:00:00Z Adoption of food production may have been rapid and wholesale in southeastern and central Europe because the hunter-gatherer lifestyle there was less productive and less competitive. Guns, Germs, and Steel: The Fates of Human Societies 1997-03-01T00:00:00Z Tribal and band societies in Eurasia were largely confined to the Arctic reindeer herders, the Siberian hunter-gatherers, and the hunter-gatherer enclaves in the Indian subcontinent and tropical Southeast Asia. Guns, Germs, and Steel: The Fates of Human Societies 1997-03-01T00:00:00Z Until then, the sole contacts between human societies of the Old and the New Worlds had involved the hunter-gatherers on opposite sides of the Bering Strait. Guns, Germs, and Steel: The Fates of Human Societies 1997-03-01T00:00:00Z That fate befell African pygmies and many other hunter-gatherer populations displaced by farmers. Guns, Germs, and Steel: The Fates of Human Societies 1997-03-01T00:00:00Z The life of a peasant is less secure than that of a hunter-gatherer. Sapiens: A Brief History of Humankind 2011-01-01T00:00:00Z Still other hunter-gatherers in contact with farmers did eventually become farmers, but only after what may seem to us like an inordinately long delay. Guns, Germs, and Steel: The Fates of Human Societies 1997-03-01T00:00:00Z A final factor in the transition became decisive at geographic boundaries between hunter-gatherers and food producers. Guns, Germs, and Steel: The Fates of Human Societies 1997-03-01T00:00:00Z Until recent centuries, these areas were still occupied by hunter-gatherers—Native Americans in the first three cases and Aboriginal Australians or Native Siberians in the last two. Guns, Germs, and Steel: The Fates of Human Societies 1997-03-01T00:00:00Z Some scholars imagine ancient hunter-gatherer societies as peaceful paradises, and argue that war and violence began only with the Agricultural Revolution, when people started to accumulate private property. Sapiens: A Brief History of Humankind 2011-01-01T00:00:00Z Even without acquiring crops, Khoisan peoples who acquired cows and sheep around 2,000 years ago displaced Khoisan hunter-gatherers over much of southern Africa. Guns, Germs, and Steel: The Fates of Human Societies 1997-03-01T00:00:00Z Scientists used to quote a phrase of Thomas Hobbes’s in order to characterize the lifestyle of hunter-gatherers as “nasty, brutish, and short.” Guns, Germs, and Steel: The Fates of Human Societies 1997-03-01T00:00:00Z The first Bantu pioneers probably were few in number, selected wet-forest areas suitable for their yam agriculture, and leapfrogged over drier areas, which they left to Khoisan herders and hunter-gatherers. Guns, Germs, and Steel: The Fates of Human Societies 1997-03-01T00:00:00Z Some productive hunter-gatherer societies reached the organizational level of chiefdoms, but none reached the level of states: all states nourish their citizens by food production. Guns, Germs, and Steel: The Fates of Human Societies 1997-03-01T00:00:00Z In the seventeenth century they acquired steel tools, and used them to make the return journey from seminomadic hunter-gatherers to agriculturalists who lived in more or less permanent villages. 1491 2005-10-10T00:00:00Z Obviously, crowd diseases could not sustain themselves in small bands of hunter-gatherers and slash-and-burn farmers. Guns, Germs, and Steel: The Fates of Human Societies 1997-03-01T00:00:00Z Most peasant farmers and herders, who constitute the great majority of the world’s actual food producers, aren’t necessarily better off than hunter-gatherers. Guns, Germs, and Steel: The Fates of Human Societies 1997-03-01T00:00:00Z As a result, one acre can feed many more herders and farmers—typically, 10 to 100 times more—than hunter-gatherers. Guns, Germs, and Steel: The Fates of Human Societies 1997-03-01T00:00:00Z Suppose that North American wild apples really would have evolved into a terrific crop if only Indian hunter-gatherers had settled down and cultivated them. Guns, Germs, and Steel: The Fates of Human Societies 1997-03-01T00:00:00Z Hence the Americas were probably fully occupied by hunter-gatherers within a few centuries of the arrival of the first colonists. Guns, Germs, and Steel: The Fates of Human Societies 1997-03-01T00:00:00Z That would be a fair supposition in the twenty- first century, but our hunter-gatherer ancestors wouldn’t have agreed. The Story of Music 2012-12-25T00:00:00Z By analogy with the engulfing of Aboriginal Australian hunter-gatherers by British colonists fed on wheat and cattle, we have to suspect that some of the “lucky” Africans parlayed their advantage into engulfing their African neighbors. Guns, Germs, and Steel: The Fates of Human Societies 1997-03-01T00:00:00Z However, once food production had arisen in one part of a continent, neighboring hunter-gatherers could see the result and make conscious decisions. Guns, Germs, and Steel: The Fates of Human Societies 1997-03-01T00:00:00Z From our modern perspective, all these questions at first seem silly, because the drawbacks of being a hunter-gatherer appear so obvious. Guns, Germs, and Steel: The Fates of Human Societies 1997-03-01T00:00:00Z All those are direct ways in which plant and animal domestication led to denser human populations by yielding more food than did the hunter-gatherer lifestyle. Guns, Germs, and Steel: The Fates of Human Societies 1997-03-01T00:00:00Z While Aboriginal Australians and many Native Americans remained hunter-gatherers, most of Eurasia and much of the Americas and sub-Saharan Africa gradually developed agriculture, herding, metallurgy, and complex political organization. Guns, Germs, and Steel: The Fates of Human Societies 1997-03-01T00:00:00Z The other, related question is whether ancient hunter-gatherers and farmers similarly put their ethnobiological knowledge to good use in selecting wild plants to gather and eventually to cultivate. Guns, Germs, and Steel: The Fates of Human Societies 1997-03-01T00:00:00Z At current rates of change, within the next decade the few remaining bands of hunter-gatherers will abandon their ways, disintegrate, or die out, thereby ending our millions of years of commitment to the hunter-gatherer lifestyle. Guns, Germs, and Steel: The Fates of Human Societies 1997-03-01T00:00:00Z One of the larger efforts is in Western Maine, where a group is working to replicate a hunter-gatherer community. How to Prepare Now for the Complete End of the World 2020-03-05T05:00:00Z In the late seventies, she collaborated with the National Indigenous Institute and spent months living among the Seri, a nomadic tribe of hunter-gatherers and fishers. Graciela Iturbide’s Art of Seeing Mexico 2019-05-30T04:00:00Z It was created 3,100 to 3,700 years ago and used for residential and ceremonial purposes by hunter-gatherers. Poverty Point first La. site named to UN list 2014-06-22T04:00:00Z Markov, a talented hunter-gatherer practicing subsistence living, might have stolen meat from one of the tiger's animal kills. 'The Tiger': John Vaillant's mesmerizing tale of a man-eating tiger, vengeance and survival 2010-08-25T23:16:00Z Among such traditional hunter-gatherers, who faced conditions of repeated scarcity, the norms of fairness were egalitarian. Are we born with a sense of fairness? 2012-12-26T16:03:00Z In fact, it will regain weight — a response that stems from our hunter-gatherer ancestors' need to survive periods of deprivation when food was scarce. What is the OMAD diet? Is one meal a day actually good for weight loss? And is it safe? 2023-10-11T04:00:00Z Their hunter-gatherer lives were technologically primitive, with fire but no metal and only animal skins to keep the cold at bay. These faces from the ice age give the lie to our idea of civilisation 2013-02-08T07:00:11Z In Tanzania, he watches Hadza hunter-gatherers collaborate with birds to locate an African honeybee nest, from which they scoop handfuls of melting liquid. ‘Eating to Extinction’ Is a Celebration of Rare Foods and a Warning About the Future 2022-01-25T05:00:00Z What’s a guy to do who just wants to live with hunter-gatherers in the jungle when there are no more hunter-gatherers to live with? Tell Us 5 Things About Your Book: Two Adventurers on Very Different Missions to Borneo 2018-04-01T04:00:00Z True, isolation isn’t so dangerous today: a friendless Londoner is less likely to starve, or be eaten, than a friendless prehistoric hunter-gatherer. How to cope with loneliness | Oliver Burkeman 2016-11-11T05:00:00Z “The idea of a religious monument built by hunter-gatherers contradicts most of what we thought we knew about religious monuments and about hunter-gatherers.” Sunday Reading: The Ancient World 2018-12-09T05:00:00Z Perhaps our hunter-gatherer ancestors, without yet having developed the concept of irony, wondered what was on their dogs’ minds. A Dog’s Purpose? To Speak on Film, So to Speak 2017-01-27T05:00:00Z Artifacts date back to the sixth millennium B.C., when agricultural advances allowed nomadic hunter-gatherers to stay in one place. An Awkward Trek Through Time at the Penn Museum 2018-05-14T04:00:00Z He lost me with his hypothesis that singing somehow helped hunter-gatherers find their cave paintings, but I was fascinated by the Nordic bronze-age lur – an instrument shaped like a coiled pipe with a shower attachment. Rewind TV: Call the Midwife; Louie; Howard Goodall's Story of Music – review 2013-01-26T22:45:01Z At Deitch in SoHo, the multipart installation “Laundromat” is more grounded in the real world, stressing Mr. Ai’s role as political activist and hunter-gatherer of materials and information. What to See in New York Art Galleries This Week 2016-12-08T05:00:00Z Most remaining hunter-gatherer groups have been brought under the jurisdiction of a modern state and to some degree assimilated, so the record of human aggressiveness is more ambiguous. Did Capital Punishment Create Morality? 2019-02-13T05:00:00Z They were hunter-gatherers until Namibia imposed a ban on killing such animals, severely disrupting their completely anti-modern way of life. Review: Goodbye to Giraffe Meat in ‘Ghostland’ 2016-12-13T05:00:00Z Did we and our direct ancestors kill off “other people”? In what way might a hard-wired propensity for such behavior have served us well as hunter-gatherers but poorly under subsequent sociopolitical arrangements? ‘Commercial’ vs. ‘Literary Writing,’ Cozy Mysteries and Other Letters to the Editor 2021-10-15T04:00:00Z This idea is backed by others, including Dunbar, who believe beer-making was the initial attraction in turning ourselves from hunter-gatherers into farmers. 10,000 years of cheers: why social drinking is an ancient ritual 2018-09-01T04:00:00Z But in a certain sense our hunter-gatherer ancestors were also overwhelmed with incoming information – they would be sitting around their fires with their senses very carefully tuned for predators, for example. Sharing is in our nature 2012-08-13T11:45:00Z We examined food remains from two late Paleolithic sites, which cover a span of nearly 60,000 years, to look at the diets of early hunter-gatherers. The real Paleo diet 2022-12-05T05:00:00Z Early human beings lived as nomadic hunter-gatherers, moving about seeking edible plants and animals. You’re such a jerk 2013-03-10T20:00:00Z The first book in The Chronicles of Ancient Darkness is set in a magic-filled hunter-gatherer world some six thousand years ago. Emma Barnes's top 10 books with wolves 2012-08-09T13:42:22Z It's an open question whether these ethnographic accounts of labor are truly representative of recent hunter-gatherers' subsistence behaviors. The original "Paleo diet" and archaeologists’ mistaken assumptions about gender roles of ancestors 2023-06-01T04:00:00Z People everywhere lived in small, egalitarian hunter-gatherer groups, until the sudden invention of agriculture around 9,000 B.C. gave rise to sedentary societies and states based on inequality, hierarchy and bureaucracy. What if Everything You Learned About Human History Is Wrong? 2021-10-31T04:00:00Z The film imagines his transformation not as an evolution, but a devolution in the direction of our primal hunter-gatherer origins. Office Space at 20: how the comedy spoke to an anxious workplace 2019-02-19T05:00:00Z Ursula K. Le Guin’s “The Carrier Bag Theory of Fiction” — a rewriting of the hunter-gatherer narrative to center women, storytelling and nurturing — was a guiding influence in the couple’s inclusive vision for the gallery. In Hong Kong, a New Exhibit Creates a ‘Space for People to Feel’ 2023-03-22T04:00:00Z This stems from our hunter-gatherer ancestors, whose bodies developed this response to adapt to periods of deprivation when food was scarce to protect against starvation. It’s time to bust the ‘calories in, calories out’ weight-loss myth 2023-06-06T04:00:00Z There's something about this tale that represents, for me, the quintessence of what I imagine to be the relationship between traditional hunter-gatherer peoples and their world. Will Self: the joy of armchair anthropology 2013-01-31T14:01:01Z The homicide rate in hunter-gatherer societies was about 500 times what it is in Europe today. Better and better 2016-09-01T04:00:00Z Carol Worthman, director of the Laboratory for Comparative Human Biology at Emory University notes, hunter-gatherer societies often “sleep when they feel like it — during the day, in the evening, in the dead of night.” Is sleep the new sex? 2013-04-10T21:45:00Z Before our study, the earliest known plant food remains in Southwest Asia were from a hunter-gatherer site in Jordan roughly dating to 14,400 years ago, reported in 2018. The real Paleo diet 2022-12-05T05:00:00Z So to give that up and go back to that hunter-gatherer mode of eating alone on the go is – I think you lose that beautiful social dimension of eating. Michael Pollan: Bad food is costing America its economic health 2013-12-08T19:00:00Z The wipe of a hand upon a square of natural fibre is an astonishingly ancient action; it is difficult to imagine prehistoric hunter-gatherers getting their hands dry in any other manner. Hand dryers v paper towels: the surprisingly dirty fight for the right to dry your hands 2019-04-25T04:00:00Z In those days, humans were nomadic hunter-gatherers: strong, relatively well-nourished individuals who followed the herds of wild horses that then roamed Europe. Bones from a Cheddar Gorge cave show that cannibalism helped Britain's earliest settlers survive the ice age 2010-06-19T23:05:00Z Take, for example, the murnong — a root that once sustained hunter-gatherers in the Western Desert of Australia, before 19th-century colonists launched an assault against the plentiful tubers. ‘Eating to Extinction’ Is a Celebration of Rare Foods and a Warning About the Future 2022-01-25T05:00:00Z Mr. Durant believes the human body evolved for a hunter-gatherer lifestyle, and his goal is to wean himself off what he sees as many millenniums of bad habits. 2010-01-09T03:29:00Z This degree of culinary complexity has never been documented before for Palaeolithic hunter-gatherers. The real Paleo diet 2022-12-05T05:00:00Z In European archaeology, there is a longstanding perception that Mesolithic hunter-gatherers ate lots of seafood, but that when people started farming, they focused on food sourced from land, such as their livestock. People in Europe ate seaweed for thousands of years before it largely disappeared from their diets 2023-10-25T04:00:00Z Rauschenberg was a hunter-gatherer artist, and there’s evidence in these collages of time spent browsing antiquarian bookstalls while keeping an eye on what lay underfoot on the street. Art in Review: ROBERT RAUSCHENBERG: ‘North African Collages and Scatole Personali, c. 1952’ 2012-06-28T19:24:14Z He said, “In most small-scale, traditional, hunter-gatherer societies, typically the word for your tribe is simply the word meaning human, and anyone else belongs to a category that includes all the other animals.” Rupert Murdoch and Jerry Hall? The Fascination of Odd Couples 2016-04-01T04:00:00Z He rolls his eyes at the idea of an economy constantly progressing in stages — from the hunter-gatherers to the agrarians to the industrialists. What the People of Appalachia Want 2017-12-06T05:00:00Z Our liking of sweet tastes suited us when we were hunter-gatherers, helping us choose ripe energy sources. Constant cravings: is addiction on the rise? 2019-01-09T05:00:00Z About 200,000 years ago, humans began to decide to settle down, abandoning our hunter-gatherer ways and experimenting with permanent settlements. An archaeologist looks at our lives in cities, over millenniums 2017-05-04T04:00:00Z Although they took enormous effort to build, they too, like Black Rock City, were only used by ephemeral communities: groups of hunter-gatherers who traveled long distances to visit them. Burning Man highlights the primordial human need for ritual 2022-09-24T04:00:00Z But in only two species do bands of males prowl the borders of their range and kill isolated members of other communities: chimpanzees and human hunter-gatherers. Did Capital Punishment Create Morality? 2019-02-13T05:00:00Z Mr. Vo is not a maker of original objects but a hunter-gatherer who collects and sometimes alters artifacts, furniture, mementos, photographs and documents whose histories reflect aspects of his triple narrative. Danh Vo: An Artist at the Crossroads of History and Diary 2018-03-07T05:00:00Z As Palin explores Amazonia, one of these hammocks is slung up in a vast communal home shared by the Yanomami people, who manage to maintain a hunter-gatherer lifestyle in the 21st century. TV listings and previews: plan your week's viewing - 29 October - 2 November 2012-10-29T08:00:00Z It all goes back to our hunter-gatherer past and the different strategies needed to protect ourselves. Optimism, friendship and tidy socks – the secret to living to 100 2020-06-21T04:00:00Z This led archaeologist Klaus Schmidt to propose that it was the thirst for ritual that led those hunter-gatherers to permanent settlement, paving the way for civilization. Burning Man highlights the primordial human need for ritual 2022-09-24T04:00:00Z The process began when wolves began scavenging near the camps of human hunter-gatherers. National Dog Day means extra love for human’s best friend 2020-08-25T04:00:00Z According to that view, the modern Europeans most closely approximating Europe’s original hunter-gatherers would be the red-haired blue-eyed Irish on the west coast of Ireland. A Brand-New Version of Our Origin Story 2018-04-20T04:00:00Z Sapolsky asserts that Pinker’s calculations include elementary errors, and that low rates of violence among contemporary hunter-gatherers mean that warfare did not predate agriculture. Insights Into the Brain, in a Book You’ll Wish You Had in College 2017-07-06T04:00:00Z Some paleo devotees buy into the theory that humans are hard-wired to savor the crunch factor, it being synonymous in hunter-gatherer times with foodstuffs that were nutritious. The one food texture that makes me happiest 2016-01-15T05:00:00Z He fails to note that data on hunter-gatherer violence is relevant only where they are neighbored by other hunter-gatherers, rather than by militarily superior farmers. Insights Into the Brain, in a Book You’ll Wish You Had in College 2017-07-06T04:00:00Z The American artist Ken Tisa is a painter, a sculptor and a hunter-gatherer shopper. What to See in New York Art Galleries This Week 2017-04-06T04:00:00Z I thought people might use it as a way to look at themselves from the perspective of a hunter-gatherer. Tell Us 5 Things About Your Book: ‘Affluence Without Abundance’ 2017-07-23T04:00:00Z What do these things tell us about hunter-gatherers in ice age Europe? Dig it: is archaeology the new art? 2013-03-07T16:36:27Z "The Ragged Edge of the World: Encounters at the Frontier Where Modernity, Wildlands and Indigenous Peoples Meet" describes the Penan, hunter-gatherers living in heights of the huge South Pacific island of Borneo. Reporter tells of colliding cultures, old and new 2011-03-21T12:21:16Z At the outset, he identifies himself as an atheist who, after adolescence, left behind his own religious upbringing, and draws upon his experience as an anthropologist living among hunter-gatherers in Botswana. Faith and Reasons: Two Authors Explore the Persistence of Religious Feeling 2019-11-11T05:00:00Z In a post-Schama prequel that, over two series, will eventually tell the story of Britain from the days of hunter-gatherers to the Roman era, Oliver begins by looking for traces of our distant ancestors. Tonight's TV highlights: Madagascar 2011-02-09T00:05:01Z The journalist Doug Bock Clark, in order to write his first book, spent years with the Lamalerans, a tribe of 1,500 hunter-gatherers who live on a remote volcanic Indonesian island in the Savu Sea. 9 New Books We Recommend This Week 2019-01-24T05:00:00Z He spent years with the Lamalerans, a tribe of 1,500 hunter-gatherers who live on a remote volcanic Indonesian island in the Savu Sea. The Real-Life Story of ‘The Last Whalers’ Reads Like a First-Rate Novel 2019-01-14T05:00:00Z The massive, definitive account of communication and social life in hunter-gatherer and primitive agricultural societies. By the Book: Edward O. Wilson 2019-02-28T05:00:00Z But before the invention of these weapons, our hunter-gatherer ancestors threw darts, knives, spears, sticks and stones at rivals and prey. How humans became the best throwers on the planet 2021-04-05T04:00:00Z The hunter-gatherer instinct is kindled, the concentration is sharpened and the tension mounts: will I find that treasure or not? When my husband died, mushroom foraging helped me out of the dark 2019-09-22T04:00:00Z It was the cultivation of plants that turned hunter-gatherers into civilizations. My houseplant garden is a tiny national park Donald Trump can never destroy 2020-03-21T04:00:00Z The Tehuelche hunter-gatherers who once dwelled here called this moonscape both “the place of desolation” and “the devil’s country,” and believed that evil spirits possessed it. In Chilean Patagonia, Following a Track to the End of the World 2018-12-10T05:00:00Z They are willing to slum as costumed hunter-gatherers between summer getaways to the Continent. Characters Who Crave a Return to the Past, Human Sacrifice and All 2019-01-11T05:00:00Z “I like New York, but it’s hard to sit in a Midtown office all day,” said Ms. McEwen, a slim brunette, who prefers the term “hunter-gatherer” to describe her lifestyle. 2010-01-09T03:29:00Z But we are certain our evidence on the early culinary complexity is the start of many finds from early hunter-gatherer sites in the region. The real Paleo diet 2022-12-05T05:00:00Z The new study revealed the role of hunter-gatherers from the Siberian region who the scientists called "ancient north Eurasians." Genetic history of modern Europeans a tangled tale, research finds 2014-09-17T04:00:00Z And our bodies hold onto body fat because our hunter-gatherer ancestors needed it to get them through times when food was hard to find. How ultra-processed foods get us hooked — and how to resist 2021-06-10T04:00:00Z The prevalent view has thus been that invading Anatolian farmers intermarried with Europe’s original hunter-gatherers, and their genes became diluted with hunter-gatherers’ genes as the farmers spread northwest. A Brand-New Version of Our Origin Story 2018-04-20T04:00:00Z The Swiss charity is named for the environmentalist Bruno Manser, who lived in Sarawak, Malaysia, with the Penan tribe, one of the last hunter-gatherer tribes in the region. Leonardo DiCaprio urged to repay donations to Malaysian rainforest fund 2016-08-31T04:00:00Z Tribes of hunter-gatherers regularly come together for communal hunts or to form large-scale alliances. Scientists Find First Evidence That Groups of Apes Cooperate 2023-11-16T05:00:00Z Chaudhary said that for more than 95 percent of human evolutionary history, humans lived in hunter-gatherer societies where mothers and infants had more support than children do now in Western societies. It really does take a village: Study links mother and child wellbeing to multiple caregivers 2023-11-14T05:00:00Z “What we are looking at is woodland management by these people who were thought of as hunter-gatherers,” he said. The Pacific Northwest trees shaped by generations of people 2023-11-12T05:00:00Z Kenya's government is illegally evicting hunter-gatherers from their ancestral lands to profit from carbon offsetting schemes, human rights lawyers say. Kenya's Ogiek people being evicted for carbon credits - lawyers 2023-11-09T05:00:00Z A female who reached adulthood at age 14 was postreproductive for about one-fifth of her adult life, about half as long as a human hunter-gatherer. Researcher finds proof of menopause in wild chimpanzees 2023-10-26T04:00:00Z On average, females that reached sexual maturity lived around one fifth of their lives in a postreproductive state—about half as long as human hunter-gatherers. Wild Chimps Shown to Undergo Menopause for the First Time 2023-10-26T04:00:00Z “Contemporary hunter-gatherer societies can offer clues as to whether there are certain childrearing systems to which infants, and their mothers, may be psychologically adapted,” Chaudhary said in a statement. It really does take a village: Study links mother and child wellbeing to multiple caregivers 2023-11-14T05:00:00Z Furthermore, the fossil and archaeological records, as well as ethnographic studies of modern-day hunter-gatherers, indicate that women have a long history of hunting game. The Theory That Men Evolved to Hunt and Women Evolved to Gather Is Wrong 2023-10-17T04:00:00Z The explosion and subsequent environmental changes forced hunter-gatherers in the prehistoric settlement of Abu Hureyra to adopt agricultural practices to boost their chances for survival. A prehistoric cosmic airburst preceded the advent of agriculture in the Levant 2023-10-03T04:00:00Z Archaeological research has shown that interpersonal violence and warfare played an important role in the lives of hunter-gatherer groups over time. New study reveals a long history of violence in ancient hunter-gatherer societies 2023-09-21T04:00:00Z By the 1990s, anthropologists believed that the group’s traditional hunter-gatherer lifestyle had vanished. A Vanishing Nomadic Clan, With a Songlike Language All Their Own 2023-09-19T04:00:00Z The authors of the study also said that in hunter-gatherer communities, childcare is viewed as a way to give parents a break. It really does take a village: Study links mother and child wellbeing to multiple caregivers 2023-11-14T05:00:00Z Historically, there are examples of women hunting in hunter-gatherer societies, although, according to the anthropological record, it's typically only small game that they bring home while gathering. Recent evidence suggests prehistoric women were hunters, too. Who said they weren't? Men, of course 2023-09-16T04:00:00Z Congo’s vast mineral wealth has fueled war, displacement and hunger, she said, and particularly heartbreaking was to see the impact on eastern Congo’s pygmy community, “one of the last hunter-gatherer communities left on earth.” Alarming humanitarian crisis and massive sexual violence in conflict-wracked eastern Congo, UN says 2023-09-05T04:00:00Z These early agriculturalists, who lived in the land sandwiched between the Mediterranean and Black seas, are thought to have migrated into Europe and mixed with local hunter-gatherers. Ötzi the Iceman Gets a New Looks from Genetic Analysis 2023-08-18T04:00:00Z The remaining 8% came from a different group of western European hunter-gatherers. 5000-year-old ‘Iceman’ had dark skin and a receding hairline 2023-08-16T04:00:00Z Ratios of caregivers to infants were five-to-one in the observed hunter-gatherer groups. It really does take a village: Study links mother and child wellbeing to multiple caregivers 2023-11-14T05:00:00Z In the 19th century, ethnographers observed surviving hunter-gatherer societies to look for clues that might inform their conclusions about the behaviors of these groups. Recent evidence suggests prehistoric women were hunters, too. Who said they weren't? Men, of course 2023-09-16T04:00:00Z Most Europeans today have a mix of genes from three groups: farmers from Anatolia, hunter-gatherers from the west and herders from the east. Fresh look at DNA from Oetzi the Iceman traces his roots to present day Turkey 2023-08-16T04:00:00Z But Ötzi didn’t carry much European hunter-gatherer DNA, hinting that his lineage was genetically isolated from other Europeans at the time. Ötzi the Iceman Gets a New Looks from Genetic Analysis 2023-08-18T04:00:00Z Now, a team of researchers has sequenced gut microbiomes from Hadza people — members of a hunter-gatherer society in northern Tanzania — and compared them with those from people in Nepal and California. Modern Hunter-Gatherers Have Thriving Gut Microbiome, Compared with Californians 2023-06-26T04:00:00Z “The nuclear family system in the west is a world away from the communal living arrangements of hunter-gatherer societies like the Mbendjele,” Chaudhary said. It really does take a village: Study links mother and child wellbeing to multiple caregivers 2023-11-14T05:00:00Z Over time, examples of modern hunter-gatherer societies everywhere from tropical forests to the Arctic tundra in which men hunted and women foraged began to stack up, Kelly said. Recent evidence suggests prehistoric women were hunters, too. Who said they weren't? Men, of course 2023-09-16T04:00:00Z Birdsong has inspired musicians from Bob Marley to Mozart and perhaps as far back as the first hunter-gatherers who banged out a beat. It Rocks in the Tree Tops, but Is That Bird Making Music? 2023-06-06T04:00:00Z Other cultures were identified as having reached a stage that Europe itself had already passed: primitive hunter-gatherer, farming, early civilization, feudalism and modern liberal-capitalism. The Birth of Europe 2019-01-01T00:00:00Z Archaeologists and anthropologists have determined that hunter-gatherer people generally only “worked” for a few hours a day, and spent the rest of their time in leisure activities. Western Civilization: A Concise History 2020-01-01T00:00:00Z Some, such as the Inuit and the Dene, were mostly hunter-gatherers in cold climates inhospitable to farming. World History: from 1400 2022-12-14T00:00:00Z But the term hunter-gatherer continued to dominate the lexicon, as did the assumption that labor roles were starkly divided by sex. Recent evidence suggests prehistoric women were hunters, too. Who said they weren't? Men, of course 2023-09-16T04:00:00Z This is one reason egalitarianism was common among prehistoric hunter-gatherers, as it still is among the few remaining groups that pursue this survival strategy today. World History: to 1500 2023-04-19T00:00:00Z Agriculture began after early hunter-gatherer societies first settled in one place and heavily modified their immediate environment: the ecosystem in which they existed. Concepts of Biology 2013-04-25T00:00:00Z Some bands of hunter-gatherers may have had to retreat from the coast as sea levels rose, for example. Study Offers New Twist in How the First Humans Evolved 2023-05-17T04:00:00Z N|uu was spoken by one of many hunter-gatherer groups that populated Southern Africa before the arrival of European colonizers. Last known speaker fights to preserve South African indigenous language 2023-05-11T04:00:00Z "Somehow people think that whatever hunter-gatherers do, that's basic human nature, and it dictates what it is that men and women ought to be doing today," Kelly said. Recent evidence suggests prehistoric women were hunters, too. Who said they weren't? Men, of course 2023-09-16T04:00:00Z What do you imagine would have happened if a Paleolithic hunter-gatherer community grew too large for the surrounding resources to support? World History: to 1500 2023-04-19T00:00:00Z The theory behind the diet is that it allows foods like fruit and honey that our hunter-gatherer ancestors had access to but excludes grains and other foods associated with modern agriculture. Popular keto and paleo diets aren’t helping your heart, report says 2023-04-27T04:00:00Z Their community was persuaded by US missionaries who came to Paraguay in the 1960s to give up their hunter-gatherer existence, put on clothes and settle alongside other indigenous communities. Gran Chaco: Will a new road improve or destroy the 'green hell'? 2023-04-12T04:00:00Z The smooth, sensuous black glass has been an important part of hunter-gatherer cultures for about two million years, going back to Homo habillis, one of the first human ancestors who made crude stone tools. Obsidian Cliff: Humanity’s Tool Shed for the Last 11,500 Years 2023-03-20T04:00:00Z “Early hunter-gatherers chased down grassland animals. The things we eat like wheat, rice and corn are meadow grasses,” he says. All about meadowscaping: The low-maintenance ecolawn with ancient allure | Produced by Seattle Times Marketing 2023-03-17T04:00:00Z What type of environment would you look for if you were a Paleolithic hunter-gatherer? World History: to 1500 2023-04-19T00:00:00Z In other words, these are the type of tools that set our species on its evolutionary course to become ever more productive hunter-gatherers and technological tinkerers. What Stone-Wielding Macaques Can Tell Us about Early Human Tool Use 2023-03-10T05:00:00Z The genetic footprint of the Gravettians can be found in the last Spanish hunter-gatherer populations until the arrival of the first farmers, who migrated to Europe from Anatolia some 8,000 years ago, said Posth. Ice Age Europeans found refuge in Spain, doom in Italy 2023-03-01T05:00:00Z They called the eastern group Vestonice, and discovered that they share an ancestry with 34,000-year-old hunter-gatherers who lived in Russia. Ancient DNA Reveals History of Hunter-Gatherers in Europe 2023-03-01T05:00:00Z The study also looked at the final era of hunter-gatherers in Europe, beginning 10,000 years ago as warming continued to transform the open steppe to dense forests and rich wetlands. Ancient DNA upends European prehistory 2023-03-01T05:00:00Z Why might egalitarianism among hunter-gatherer groups be a successful social strategy? World History: to 1500 2023-04-19T00:00:00Z Prior to biphasic sleep, some historians believe that hunter-gatherer societies slept in one smaller stretch throughout the night — closer to how we do now. Sleep patterns changed in the past 200 years. Some experts think we were better off before 2023-02-18T05:00:00Z “There’s this idea that hunter-gatherers couldn’t organize to conduct a mining operation,” he says. Native Americans Conducted Large-Scale Copper Mining 6,000 Years Ago 2023-02-06T05:00:00Z Instead, they discovered a population of hunter-gatherers that appeared to have expanded from the Balkans, known as the Villabruna. Ancient DNA Reveals History of Hunter-Gatherers in Europe 2023-03-01T05:00:00Z They even looked different: Genetic data suggest that before the arrival of farmers in northern Europe around 6000 B.C.E., hunter-gatherers in Western Europe had dark skin and light eyes. Ancient DNA upends European prehistory 2023-03-01T05:00:00Z From bone, the hunter-gatherer peoples designed harpoons useful for hunting large marine mammals like whales. World History: to 1500 2023-04-19T00:00:00Z But what if alcohol was not merely a vice, but one of the triggers that sparked the dawn of human civilization — in essence, the very thing that shifted us from hunter-gatherers to agrarians? Meet the philosopher who believes human civilization wouldn't exist without alcohol 2023-01-17T05:00:00Z Sea levels were much lower at the time, allowing hunter-gatherers to traverse a frozen land bridge into the new continent or boat along its coast. Native Americans—and their genes—traveled back to Siberia, new genomes reveal 2023-01-11T05:00:00Z To the east, the Oberkassel ran into a new group of hunter-gatherers, who probably arrived from Russia. Ancient DNA Reveals History of Hunter-Gatherers in Europe 2023-03-01T05:00:00Z The earliest structures the researchers studied date back to the time when groups were just starting to transition from a hunter-gatherer lifestyle to an agricultural one, Šprajc says. Maya calendar may be more than 3000 years old, laser mapping reveals 2023-01-05T05:00:00Z Later they became more settled in a number of regions, adapting their hunter-gatherer strategies to their environments and the available resources. World History: to 1500 2023-04-19T00:00:00Z A London furniture conservator has been credited with a crucial discovery that has helped understand why Ice Age hunter-gatherers drew cave paintings. Londoner solves 20,000-year Ice Age drawings mystery 2023-01-05T05:00:00Z Five of these so-called Altai hunter-gatherers belonged to a population that apparently gave rise to several later peoples who spread throughout the Central Asian steppe during the Bronze Age. Native Americans—and their genes—traveled back to Siberia, new genomes reveal 2023-01-11T05:00:00Z These three groups of hunter-gatherers remained isolated from each other for about 6,000 years, until the farmers from Turkey arrived. Ancient DNA Reveals History of Hunter-Gatherers in Europe 2023-03-01T05:00:00Z But the advent of this durable technology—used to cook and store abundant plant and animal resources—was a huge step forward for hunter-gatherers in this part of the globe. Ancient hunter-gatherers were potters, too 2022-12-22T05:00:00Z In some regions, such as Tanzania and Kenya in East Africa and Botswana in southern Africa, hunter-gatherers followed the seasonal migrations of large game animals, such as wildebeests and elephants. World History: to 1500 2023-04-19T00:00:00Z Mr Bacon said it was "surreal" to work out for the first time what hunter-gatherers were saying. Londoner solves 20,000-year Ice Age drawings mystery 2023-01-05T05:00:00Z They are one of the world's few remaining hunter-gatherer tribes. 'They will hunt and make fire' - the race reflecting a way of life 2022-12-15T05:00:00Z Dr. Orlando said that every continent will likely have its own history of hunter-gatherer migrations. Ancient DNA Reveals History of Hunter-Gatherers in Europe 2023-03-01T05:00:00Z Beginning about 20,000 years ago, the know-how needed to make and use pottery spread among groups of hunter-gatherers in the Far East. Ancient hunter-gatherers were potters, too 2022-12-22T05:00:00Z Early on, the Bantu moved in relatively small numbers, so there were no large-scale displacements of hunter-gatherer societies. World History: to 1500 2023-04-19T00:00:00Z "The results show that Ice Age hunter-gatherers were the first to use a systemic calendar and marks to record information about major ecological events within that calendar." Londoner solves 20,000-year Ice Age drawings mystery 2023-01-05T05:00:00Z Whether they’re born into a hunter-gatherer camp, a farming village or an industrial megacity, human youngsters need a lot of help getting food. New Human Metabolism Research Upends Conventional Wisdom about How We Burn Calories 2022-12-13T05:00:00Z In the 1800s, archaeologists began reconstructing the deep history of Europe from the bones of ancient hunter-gatherers and the iconic art they left behind, like cave paintings, fertility figurines and “lion-man” statues. Ancient DNA Reveals History of Hunter-Gatherers in Europe 2023-03-01T05:00:00Z For example, if hunter-gatherer societies were patrilocal—with women leaving home to marry men from other communities—“pottery could be a female craft that spread from village to village through marriage,” McLaughlin says. Ancient hunter-gatherers were potters, too 2022-12-22T05:00:00Z Because the regions into which they moved were only thinly populated by roving bands of hunter-gatherers, the Bantu were able to choose the most suitable land for farming. World History: to 1500 2023-04-19T00:00:00Z A stone panel carved some 10,500 years ago by Neolithic hunter-gatherers in what is now southern Turkey is the region’s oldest known example of a story told in art, an archaeologist claimed this week. News at a glance: Snags in emissions monitoring, negotiations on biodiversity, and a drug for sleeping sickness 2022-12-07T05:00:00Z The question of calories looms largest in hunter-gatherer and farming communities, where daily life revolves around food production. New Human Metabolism Research Upends Conventional Wisdom about How We Burn Calories 2022-12-13T05:00:00Z Looking at DNA gleaned from the remains of 357 ancient Europeans, researchers discovered that several waves of hunter-gatherers migrated into Europe. Ancient DNA Reveals History of Hunter-Gatherers in Europe 2023-03-01T05:00:00Z About 11,000 years ago in what is now southern Turkey, hunter-gatherers abandoned their roving lifestyles to settle down. Prehistoric carvings depict showdowns between humans and beasts 2022-12-07T05:00:00Z The basin’s temperate climate and well-watered landscape encouraged the migration of San hunter-gatherers from southwestern Africa and the settlement of Bantu peoples. World History: to 1500 2023-04-19T00:00:00Z The Khoi are a tribe of hunter-gatherers and are among the earliest inhabitants of South Africa, along with the San First Nation peoples. Activists say Amazon is building on sacred land in South Africa 2022-12-01T05:00:00Z It was a massive project, poring over old ethnographic accounts of hunter-gatherer and farming groups and combing through ecological studies and doubly labeled water measurements in apes to reconstruct their foraging economies. New Human Metabolism Research Upends Conventional Wisdom about How We Burn Calories 2022-12-13T05:00:00Z “We are finally understanding the dynamics of European hunter-gatherers,” said Vanessa Villalba-Mouco, a paleogeneticist at the Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology in Leipzig, Germany, and an author of both studies. Ancient DNA Reveals History of Hunter-Gatherers in Europe 2023-03-01T05:00:00Z In southeastern Anatolia, lifestyles changed radically between 12,000 and 9000 years ago, as nomadic hunter-gatherers gradually became sedentary and, later, took up farming. Prehistoric carvings depict showdowns between humans and beasts 2022-12-07T05:00:00Z The Shona were not the first inhabitants of the region; that distinction belongs to the small bands of hunter-gatherers who stalked game and foraged the plain in the centuries before the Bantu speakers’ arrival. World History: to 1500 2023-04-19T00:00:00Z This “first feast” came from another important transition point in human history, right as hunter-gatherers were starting to settle into more permanent living situations, Munro said. How cooking food and gathering for feasts made us human 2022-11-21T05:00:00Z Ethnographic records from other groups around the world suggest these rates are typical for hunter-gatherers. New Human Metabolism Research Upends Conventional Wisdom about How We Burn Calories 2022-12-13T05:00:00Z These early Europeans have almost no genetic link to younger remains of hunter-gatherers. Ancient DNA Reveals History of Hunter-Gatherers in Europe 2023-03-01T05:00:00Z These excavations should uncover remnants from the everyday lives of the hunter-gatherers who memorialized in stone their battles—real or imagined—with ferocious beasts. Prehistoric carvings depict showdowns between humans and beasts 2022-12-07T05:00:00Z Despite having superior iron technology, the Shona were unable to completely dislodge these hunter-gatherers, resulting in tension and conflict that persist to the modern era. World History: to 1500 2023-04-19T00:00:00Z We are all in this together, and isolating yourself from the rest of humanity is why the hunter-gatherers deep in the Amazon are no longer among us. We won't get fooled again — I think. Trump's back, but let's hope it's a brief visit 2022-11-17T05:00:00Z People in hunter-gatherer communities expend more than twice as much energy to acquire food as apes in the wild. New Human Metabolism Research Upends Conventional Wisdom about How We Burn Calories 2022-12-13T05:00:00Z Other archaeological evidence found at the site indicates it was inhabited by groups of hunter-gatherers for tens of thousands of years. Ancient fish teeth reveal earliest sign of cooking 2022-11-15T05:00:00Z Skeletal DNA from more than 700 people who lived in Anatolia 10,000 years ago suggests that agriculture developed as different migrating populations intermingled, rather than solely from local hunter-gatherers switching to farming. News Briefs from around the World: November 2022 2022-11-05T04:00:00Z Over time, the increasing availability of food and exposure to wealth in the form of traded materials led to social transformations like a reduction in the egalitarianism common among hunter-gatherers. World History: to 1500 2023-04-19T00:00:00Z Donald Trump is that man; a power-craving hunter-gatherer con artist out to stake his claim as a modern-day potentate while imbued with the pusillanimous power of a puff pastry. We won't get fooled again — I think. Trump's back, but let's hope it's a brief visit 2022-11-17T05:00:00Z When we compared the energy budgets for the Hadza and other hunter-gatherer populations with those of traditional farming groups, we found that farmers typically produce far more calories an hour. New Human Metabolism Research Upends Conventional Wisdom about How We Burn Calories 2022-12-13T05:00:00Z Close to 30,000 people live a hunter-gatherer lifestyle on a reserve the size of Portugal. Jair Bolsonaro: Why the world is watching Brazil's election 2022-10-21T04:00:00Z The young hunter-gatherer apparently not only survived the complicated operation, but also lived for six to nine more years in an inhospitable tropical rainforest region. Scientists find evidence of oldest known surgery, from 31,000 years ago 2022-09-07T04:00:00Z In the Arctic region of northern Alaska, Canada, and Greenland, where conditions are very different from those in the Kalahari, the Inuit people practice a form of hunter-gatherer lifestyle suitable to that environment. World History: to 1500 2023-04-19T00:00:00Z The findings suggest that humans began caring for their fellow man medically far earlier than expected, as opposed to the Darwinian concept of hunter-gatherers leaving the weak to die. 31,000-year-old skeleton found in Indonesia exhibits earliest known amputation, new study suggests 2022-09-07T04:00:00Z Farming communities tend to have higher fertility rates than hunter-gatherer communities. New Human Metabolism Research Upends Conventional Wisdom about How We Burn Calories 2022-12-13T05:00:00Z That makes the hunter-gatherers who lived here the world’s first known figurative artists. World’s oldest amputation: Foot removed 31,000 years ago—without modern antibiotics or painkillers 2022-09-07T04:00:00Z She examined the remains and confirmed telltale bony growths related to healing, suggesting the limb was surgically amputated when the young hunter-gatherer was still a child, several years before their death in early adulthood. Scientists find evidence of oldest known surgery, from 31,000 years ago 2022-09-07T04:00:00Z But one hunter-gatherer society that has still had only limited exposure to agricultural societies is the Awá people of the Brazilian rainforest. World History: to 1500 2023-04-19T00:00:00Z But the DNA shows that the people who experimented with planting wheat and domesticating sheep and goats starting about 10,000 years ago weren’t simply descendants of earlier hunter-gatherers living in the area. ‘Phenomenal’ ancient DNA data set provides clues to origin of farming and early languages 2022-08-24T04:00:00Z Robin Hanson's big plan is to take people from contemporary hunter-gatherer cultures and stuff them into underground bunkers with instructions to rebuild industrial civilization if ours collapses. Understanding "longtermism": Why this suddenly influential philosophy is so toxic 2022-08-20T04:00:00Z Some anthropologists have tended to dismiss early hunter-gatherer societies as primitive, he says, but findings like this one suggest that wasn’t the case. World’s oldest amputation: Foot removed 31,000 years ago—without modern antibiotics or painkillers 2022-09-07T04:00:00Z The ossification of the bone fragments also indicates that pressure was occasionally applied to the stump as the young hunter-gatherer probably rested on it after the limb was removed, he added. Scientists find evidence of oldest known surgery, from 31,000 years ago 2022-09-07T04:00:00Z Despite their relatively late adoption of this lifestyle, the Awá display many of the societal characteristics common among other hunter-gatherer groups. World History: to 1500 2023-04-19T00:00:00Z In Anatolia they mixed with each other and with the descendants of earlier hunter-gatherers. ‘Phenomenal’ ancient DNA data set provides clues to origin of farming and early languages 2022-08-24T04:00:00Z When you think about why laughter evolved, some people say when we were hunter-gatherers it was a way to know that danger was gone. Mike Judge knows why 'Beavis and Butt-Head' endure: 'They're very pure' 2022-08-04T04:00:00Z Agriculture began after early hunter-gatherer societies first settled in one place and heavily modified their immediate environment. Environmental Biology 2018-09-06T00:00:00Z Archaeologists have uncovered the remains of a young hunter-gatherer in Borneo who survived the amputation of the lower left leg around 31,000 years ago, in a discovery that could rewrite the history of surgery. Scientists find evidence of oldest known surgery, from 31,000 years ago 2022-09-07T04:00:00Z The different environments in which the world’s remaining hunter-gatherers live have inspired very different understandings of the supernatural. World History: to 1500 2023-04-19T00:00:00Z Another genetic contribution came from the east about 6500 years ago, as hunter-gatherers from the Caucasus entered the region. ‘Phenomenal’ ancient DNA data set provides clues to origin of farming and early languages 2022-08-24T04:00:00Z Possibly this was a sensible adaptation for our hunter-gatherer forebears; if there’s a saber-toothed tiger standing in front of you, almost anything you might try is potentially more useful than patiently waiting to become lunch. Opinion | Biden is doing nothing to fight inflation. We should be grateful for that. 2022-05-16T04:00:00Z The cognitive scientist at the University of Oxford was comparing the smell vocabulary of Jahai hunter-gatherers from Malaysia with that of Dutch volunteers. Stinky feet or something sweet? Cultures around the world respond to smells in the same way 2022-04-12T04:00:00Z This is not surprising, if you think about our hunter-gatherer heritage: Our brain evolved in the context of the natural world. Why gardening offers a ‘psychological lifeline’ in times of crisis 2022-04-01T04:00:00Z Scholars who study modern hunter-gatherers have found that the time required to acquire enough food to live amounts to about twenty hours per week. World History: to 1500 2023-04-19T00:00:00Z Lazaridis says it’s possible the root tongue “was originally a hunter-gatherer language,” and so lacked terms for farming. ‘Phenomenal’ ancient DNA data set provides clues to origin of farming and early languages 2022-08-24T04:00:00Z How many people were there in early human hunter-gatherer communities? How to be aggressively friendly 2022-03-27T04:00:00Z For centuries they lived off the forests of the mountainous regions on the borders of Uganda, Rwanda and the Democratic Republic of Congo as hunter-gatherers. Uganda's Batwa people: Evicted from a forest to help save gorillas 2022-03-22T04:00:00Z Over and over again, she reminds us of the lasting imprints of our hunter-gatherer heritage. Why gardening offers a ‘psychological lifeline’ in times of crisis 2022-04-01T04:00:00Z These same studies have also noted that the greatest loss in leisure hours was borne by women, who spent far more time engaged in laborious tasks outside the home than hunter-gatherer women in similar environments. World History: to 1500 2023-04-19T00:00:00Z The team suggests they and the Yamnaya instead share common ancestors in a hunter-gatherer population in the highlands east of Anatolia, including the Caucasus Mountains. ‘Phenomenal’ ancient DNA data set provides clues to origin of farming and early languages 2022-08-24T04:00:00Z The comparisons showed the earliest people buried at the rock shelters, 9600 to 7300 years ago, closely resembled that of hunter-gatherers descended from an ancient migration from North to South America. The Maya—and the maize that sustained them—had surprising southern roots, ancient DNA suggests 2022-03-22T04:00:00Z Experts believe hunter-gatherers may have targeted animals as they cooled off in summer weather on long-lived snow patches - something animals in the Cairngorms still do today. Search for hunter-gatherer sites high in the Cairngorms 2022-03-15T04:00:00Z Then, around 12,000 years ago, our hunter-gatherer ancestors started to herd animals, tend crops and build permanent settlements, or else were displaced by humans who did. What Does the End of Beef Mean for Our Sense of Self? 2022-03-03T05:00:00Z Farming a field of wheat, for example, required a family to devote their energy to that process and associated chores, leaving little time for the diversity of tasks common among hunter-gatherers. World History: to 1500 2023-04-19T00:00:00Z They lived in North America as hunter-gatherers, traveling from place to place in search of animals to hunt, fish to catch, and fruit and nuts to collect. myWorld: Building Our Country 2012-01-01T00:00:00Z Half of the remainder came from the ancient hunter-gatherers who were first in the region, the rest from ancestors of people in the Mexican highlands. The Maya—and the maize that sustained them—had surprising southern roots, ancient DNA suggests 2022-03-22T04:00:00Z A new project has been set up to help uncover ancient hunter-gatherer sites high in the Cairngorm mountains. Search for hunter-gatherer sites high in the Cairngorms 2022-03-15T04:00:00Z These first inhabitants were hunter-gatherers who relied on seafood and small game for their survival. World History: Patterns of Interaction 2012-01-01T00:00:00Z For many tens of thousands of years, these groups lived a hunter-gatherer lifestyle, relying on edible plants as well as meat that could be either scavenged or hunted. World History: to 1500 2023-04-19T00:00:00Z Early peoples were hunter-gatherers and often roamed a region in search of food. myWorld: Building Our Country 2012-01-01T00:00:00Z The ancient hunter-gatherers got less than 10% of their diet on average from maize. The Maya—and the maize that sustained them—had surprising southern roots, ancient DNA suggests 2022-03-22T04:00:00Z Scotland was home to hunter-gatherers from about 10,000 years ago, after the end of the last ice age. Search for hunter-gatherer sites high in the Cairngorms 2022-03-15T04:00:00Z Nomadic groups whose food supply depends on hunting animals and collecting plant foods are called hunter-gatherers. World History: Patterns of Interaction 2012-01-01T00:00:00Z They also show modern humans in a transitional period between the hunter-gatherer world and the fully agricultural one. World History: to 1500 2023-04-19T00:00:00Z Studies of other hunter-gatherer and forager groups have confirmed the Hadza are not an anomaly. This scientist busts myths about how humans burn calories—and why 2022-02-16T05:00:00Z Studies have also found that compared with microbiomes in urban populations, those of hunter-gatherers in Tanzania are very dynamic, changing with the seasonal availability of foods. Studies of human microbiome have ignored the developing world, potentially compromising treatments 2022-02-14T05:00:00Z Until this point, sympathetic magic had been a term psychologists used to account for magical belief systems in traditional cultures, such as hunter-gatherer societies. How Disgust Explains Everything 2021-12-27T05:00:00Z Prehistoric hunter-gatherers, such as roving bands of Cro-Magnons, increased their food supply by inventing tools. World History: Patterns of Interaction 2012-01-01T00:00:00Z Over time, hunter-gatherer lifestyles were abandoned in most places as agricultural settlements grew. World History: to 1500 2023-04-19T00:00:00Z Pontzer thinks hunter-gatherers’ bodies adjust for more activity by spending fewer calories on other unseen tasks, such as inflammation and stress responses. This scientist busts myths about how humans burn calories—and why 2022-02-16T05:00:00Z Indeed, the invention of the individual might have occurred when civilization began and the predominance of hunter-gatherers receded. Opinion | How — and why — we study critical race theory 2021-12-31T05:00:00Z In the near east, for example, there were hunter-gatherers who developed urbanized states without ever moving through an agricultural phase. Review | After 200,000 years, we’re still trying to figure out what humanity is all about 2021-11-23T05:00:00Z The new settled way of life also had its drawbacks—some of the same that affected hunter-gatherer settlements. World History: Patterns of Interaction 2012-01-01T00:00:00Z Which hunter-gatherer group still living today tends to experience problems from having larger populations of women than men? World History: to 1500 2023-04-19T00:00:00Z The stone-age minds of voters evolved for eons to deal with hunter-gatherer societies but have been forced to address modern politics for only an evolutionary nanosecond. Review | Why power attracts the wrong kind of people 2021-11-17T05:00:00Z Millet was an important early crop as hunter-gatherers transitioned to an agricultural lifestyle. Japanese-Korean-Turkish language group traced to farmers in ancient China 2021-11-10T05:00:00Z Researchers speculate that the reasons may have to do with how humans evolved back when we were hunter-gatherers. The full moon seems to affect men more than women, and no one is sure why 2021-11-08T05:00:00Z They were not engaged in agriculture but were instead hunter-gatherers. World History: Patterns of Interaction 2012-01-01T00:00:00Z How would scholars describe the religious traditions of hunter-gatherer peoples, and what evidence might they use? World History: to 1500 2023-04-19T00:00:00Z Once upon a time, he wrote, we were hunter-gatherers, living in a state of childlike innocence, as equals. Opinion | Ancient History Shows How We Can Create a More Equal World 2021-11-04T04:00:00Z Researchers say today’s gut microbiomes are different from the way they were when our hunter-gatherer ancestors subsisted on foraged foods. Perspective | Can test kits of our bodies’ microbiome aid in our health? I tried one of them. 2021-10-29T04:00:00Z This phenomenon might have also occurred in human guts during our shift from a hunter-gatherer diet to a farming one—a possibility Candela and his colleagues are now examining. Fossilized Poop Shows How Ancient Dogs Adapted to People 2021-10-29T04:00:00Z As the Bantu speakers spread south into hunter-gatherers' lands, territorial wars often broke out. World History: Patterns of Interaction 2012-01-01T00:00:00Z The groups that settled along the resource-rich Pacific Northwest developed into complex hunter-gatherer societies keenly adapted to the abundant marine life in the region. World History: to 1500 2023-04-19T00:00:00Z And their hunter-gatherer lifestyle was devastated by prohibitions on fire that tribes had used for thousands of years to treat the landscape. For tribes, ‘good fire’ a key to restoring nature and people 2021-10-28T04:00:00Z Researchers believe hunter-gatherers in the Great Salt Lake Desert may have sucked or smoked wads of the plant. Humans used tobacco 12,300 years ago, new discovery suggests 2021-10-12T04:00:00Z For example, the boost it gives to short-term memory could have been a strong advantage when our hunter-gatherer ancestors were out looking for food. The most common Alzheimer’s risk gene may also protect against memory loss 2021-10-06T04:00:00Z By studying these groups, scholars learn clues about how hunter-gatherers may have lived in the past. World History: Patterns of Interaction 2012-01-01T00:00:00Z Exactly how maize reached the American Southwest from southern Mexico is not clear, but there must have been some sporadic contact between cultivators in the south and hunter-gatherer adopters farther north. World History: to 1500 2023-04-19T00:00:00Z Take the agrarian revolution, which spelled the end for hunter-gatherers, except for those who survived in isolated areas like the Amazon rainforest. Climate-change transition in the Age of Billionaires 2021-10-07T04:00:00Z Their findings suggest the native American hunter-gatherers may have consumed the tobacco while cooking or toolmaking, the scientists say in a paper published in the journal Nature Human Behaviour. Humans used tobacco 12,300 years ago, new discovery suggests 2021-10-12T04:00:00Z But another interpretation of this new footprint evidence is that the teenagers were part of the workforce in these early bands of hunter-gatherers. Fossil footprints prove humans populated the Americas thousands of years earlier than we thought 2021-10-01T04:00:00Z Between 40,000 and 12,000 years ago, hunter-gatherers migrated across the Bering Strait land bridge from Asia and began to populate the Americas. World History: Patterns of Interaction 2012-01-01T00:00:00Z But even here the cultivation of maize remained only a small part of a largely hunter-gatherer lifestyle, which included gathering goosefoot and piñons as well as hunting rabbits, bison, and deer. World History: to 1500 2023-04-19T00:00:00Z That alignment bolstered a scenario in which Siberian hunter-gatherers moved into Alaska during the Ice Age, where they lived for generations until ice-free corridors opened and allowed them to expand southward. Ancient Footprints Push Back Date of Human Arrival in the Americas 2021-09-23T04:00:00Z "We know very little about their culture," Mr Duke said of the hunter-gatherers. Humans used tobacco 12,300 years ago, new discovery suggests 2021-10-12T04:00:00Z That possibility gained traction in 2012, with the publication of an influential study of African hunter-gatherers. Your workout burns fewer calories than you think 2021-09-22T04:00:00Z As populations slowly rose, hunter-gatherers felt pressure to find new food sources. World History: Patterns of Interaction 2012-01-01T00:00:00Z What distinguished hunter-gatherer societies in Africa from settled societies? World History: to 1500 2023-04-19T00:00:00Z That’s when hunter-gatherers in what is now Morocco collected tiny seashells, bored them with holes, and strung them up to adorn their hair, bodies, or clothing. World’s oldest known beads found in Morocco 2021-09-21T04:00:00Z One occurred in 7176 B.C., as nomadic hunter-gatherer societies gave way to agrarian settlements, and the other did so in 5259 B.C., as the planet emerged from the final throes of its latest ice age. Solar ‘Superflares’ Rocked Earth Less Than 10,000 Years Ago—and Could Strike Again 2021-09-13T04:00:00Z Scientists found evidence of the oldest-known bubonic plague case in the skull of an infected hunter-gatherer from 5,000 years ago. In Case You Missed It 2021-09-11T04:00:00Z The study also revealed a flip side: When infected with the fungus Candida and Staphylococcus bacteria—pathogens that tend to start as localized infections—farmers likely mounted more robust inflammatory responses than earlier hunter-gatherers. How ancient farmers throttled their immune systems to survive 2021-09-06T04:00:00Z Scholars have thus had to rely mostly on observing hunter-gatherer societies that exist today and extrapolating from their experiences. World History: to 1500 2023-04-19T00:00:00Z The scientists identified when there would have been enough rainfall to allow a group of hunter-gatherers to survive the journey to the Arabian Peninsula. A Shifting Climate Gave Humans Many Opportunities to Leave Africa 2021-08-24T04:00:00Z What did these hunter-gatherers actually agree to when they provided fecal samples in return for small gifts? You’re Missing Microbes. But Is ‘Rewilding’ the Way to Get Them Back? 2021-07-19T04:00:00Z They were surprised to find one hunter-gatherer - a man in his twenties - was infected with an ancient strain of plague, caused by the bacterium, Yersinia pestis. 5,000-year-old man was 'oldest plague victim' 2021-06-29T04:00:00Z Researchers have long suspected that early farmers got sick more often than nomadic hunter-gatherers. How ancient farmers throttled their immune systems to survive 2021-09-06T04:00:00Z Like other hunter-gatherer groups, they live in relatively small bands made of multiple families and are generally much more egalitarian than settled societies that depend on agriculture. World History: to 1500 2023-04-19T00:00:00Z They looked at distribution maps of present-day hunter-gatherers and found that human populations are generally not recorded in areas where precipitation falls below 3.5 inches of rain per year. A Shifting Climate Gave Humans Many Opportunities to Leave Africa 2021-08-24T04:00:00Z It’s a surprising finding, since East Asians at the time were not living in dense communities but instead formed small bands of hunter-gatherers. A Coronavirus Epidemic Hit 20,000 Years Ago, New Study Finds 2021-06-24T04:00:00Z By 19,000 years ago, the landscape was populated by another group of modern humans—the hunter-gatherers who were the ancestors of today’s East Asians, a new study of ancient genomes reveals. Last ice age wiped out people in East Asia as well as Europe 2021-05-27T04:00:00Z They found that when faced with infections, Europeans who lived after agriculture likely produced dramatically lower levels of systemic cytokines than earlier hunter-gatherers. How ancient farmers throttled their immune systems to survive 2021-09-06T04:00:00Z The known behaviors of the Awá thus provide scholars a picture of hunter-gatherer societies that may be closer to that of our distant ancestors. World History: to 1500 2023-04-19T00:00:00Z On the other hand, Dr. Potts, the paleoanthropologist, noted that the minimum level of rainfall in the model would have been “far too low” to allow hunter-gatherers to successfully disperse out of Africa. A Shifting Climate Gave Humans Many Opportunities to Leave Africa 2021-08-24T04:00:00Z Crevecoeur said the archeological evidence indicated “recurrent, small-scale clashes probably in the form of raids, skirmishes, ambush attacks among hunter-gatherer groups, rather than one single conflict.” Prehistoric cemetery in Sudan shows war has been hell forever 2021-05-27T04:00:00Z Previous studies have used the gut bacteria of today's hunter-gatherers and herders as a proxy for the ancient microbiome. Piles of ancient poop reveal “extinction event” in human gut bacteria 2021-05-12T04:00:00Z Mtoto was part of a hunter-gatherer culture, with remains of various antelope species and other prey found at the site, an upland setting in a tropical forest. Child's burial site tells of early man's emotional life - Kenyan archaeologist 2021-05-12T04:00:00Z There are relatively few of them, only about three hundred and fifty, and their semi-nomadic hunter-gatherer lifestyle is not a vestige of ancient practices. World History: to 1500 2023-04-19T00:00:00Z The starchy plants gathered by many living hunter-gatherers are an excellent source of glucose, however. Neanderthals carb loaded, helping grow their big brains 2021-05-10T04:00:00Z "The people that lived at the site were mobile hunter-gatherers, who subsisted on wild game," Petraglia explained. What a 78,000-year-old child buried in a Kenyan cave tells us about ancient humans 2021-05-07T04:00:00Z But Thompson proposes that the population deliberately burned the forests, as some hunter-gatherers do today. People May Have Used Fire to Clear Forests More Than 80,000 Years Ago 2021-05-05T04:00:00Z Before 1750, it didn’t matter whether you were a baron or a haberdasher or a hunter-gatherer: Your life expectancy at birth was going to be in the 30s. How Humanity Gave Itself an Extra Life 2021-04-27T04:00:00Z Plenty of hunter-gatherer societies avoided transitioning into a settled agricultural life, either because the new strategy wasn’t practicable in their environment or because for them the costs outweighed the benefits. World History: to 1500 2023-04-19T00:00:00Z The Awa are some of the last people on Earth who still try to live as traditional hunter-gatherers but that has been becoming increasingly difficult. They are killing our forest, Brazilian tribe warns 2021-04-28T04:00:00Z These hunter-gatherers, who lived in small bands and ranged far in pursuit of big game, then spread rapidly southward to populate South America in about 1,000 years. Genomes Reveal Humanity’s Journey into the Americas 2021-04-20T04:00:00Z The population at the time was low and the communities of hunter-gatherers were "mobile, moving around and living off the land". 'Exciting' stone age discoveries in the Cairngorms 2021-04-07T04:00:00Z Anthropologists think bands of hardy hunter-gatherers left Siberia and entered the now-submerged land of Beringia, which then connected Eurasia and Alaska, when sea levels were much lower than today—perhaps about 20,000 years ago. Earliest South American migrants had Australian, Melanesian ancestry 2021-03-29T04:00:00Z By studying archaeology and observing modern hunter-gatherers, many have concluded that ancient hunter- gatherer societies were very egalitarian. World History: to 1500 2023-04-19T00:00:00Z “There are no easy answers. There is no way we can all go back to hunter-gatherer society. That isn’t happening.” 'It is the question of the century': will tech solve the climate crisis – or make it worse? 2021-03-06T05:00:00Z The Ancient North Siberians at Yana were hunter-gatherers who lived in this high-latitude area year-round. Genomes Reveal Humanity’s Journey into the Americas 2021-04-20T04:00:00Z “Neanderthals are hunter-gatherers, they’re protectors of their family, they are resilient, they’re resourceful, they tend to their own,” she said on Fox Business. Early in Biden’s presidency, GOP shows the places they’ll go 2021-03-05T05:00:00Z She describes food-sharing patterns in hunter-gatherer societies, for instance, then in the same paragraph says that “this same dynamic exists among vampire bats.” Review | In the animal kingdom, rituals that connect, renew and heal 2021-01-21T05:00:00Z Unlike hunter-gatherers, agriculturalists couldn’t easily migrate to areas with more suitable weather conditions. World History: to 1500 2023-04-19T00:00:00Z A new theory described today in Scientific Reports posits that hunter-gatherers whose omnivorous digestive system prevented too much protein consumption likely shared surplus meat with wolves. Dog Domestication May Have Begun because Paleo Humans Couldn’t Stomach the Original Paleo Diet 2021-01-07T05:00:00Z Microbial DNA from both sites matches some species common in modern hunter-gatherers and some in today's city dwellers. In Case You Missed It 2020-12-26T05:00:00Z But those animals seem more similar to hunter-gatherer pups, which came from Siberia and Europe. How dogs tracked their humans across the ancient world 2020-10-29T04:00:00Z Back when we were hunter-gatherers and then subsistence farmers, the area where you roamed or tended wasn’t very far from where you slept and lived the rest of your life. No more entertaining. Neighbors WFH all day. Home renovations will never be the same 2020-09-15T04:00:00Z Farmers also had a less-diverse diet than hunter-gatherers, made up mostly of one or two staple crops, usually starchy carbohydrates. World History: to 1500 2023-04-19T00:00:00Z Instead she was studying the diet of late Pleistocene hunter-gatherers in Arctic and sub-Arctic Eurasia. Dog Domestication May Have Begun because Paleo Humans Couldn’t Stomach the Original Paleo Diet 2021-01-07T05:00:00Z "They had a very specific hunter-gatherer lifestyle that was almost prehistoric really," says Ms Gifford. The last families who lived on St Kilda 2020-08-28T04:00:00Z Eight thousand years ago small bands of seminomadic hunter-gatherers were the only human beings roaming Europe's lush, green forests. When the First Farmers Arrived in Europe, Inequality Evolved 2020-07-28T04:00:00Z A virus infecting a hunter-gatherer might only reach family members or perhaps a hunting group. We are entering an era of pandemics – it will only end when we protect the rainforest | Peter Daszak 2020-07-28T04:00:00Z While domesticated animals were available to farmers, meat consumption among Neolithic communities was significantly lower than among hunter-gatherers. World History: to 1500 2023-04-19T00:00:00Z The site was occupied periodically for millennia by nomadic hunter-gatherers. Mexican cave artifacts show earlier arrival of humans in North America 2020-07-22T04:00:00Z Dr. Reich is one of the researchers who has documented how these farmers, whose genetic profile is distinct from European hunter-gatherers, gradually settled Europe. DNA of ‘Irish Pharaoh’ Sheds Light on Ancient Tomb Builders 2020-06-17T04:00:00Z On reaching the shores of this North Atlantic landmass, the new migrants quickly displaced the local Mesolithic hunter-gatherers, who were genetically similar to pre-farming peoples across Europe. DNA study reveals Ireland's age of 'god-kings' 2020-06-17T04:00:00Z They traditionally lived as nomadic hunter-gatherers in small clan settlements, according to Amazon Frontlines, a non-profit that works with indigenous peoples to defend their right to live in the Amazon. First coronavirus case discovered in Ecuador's indigenous Amazon tribe: report 2020-05-18T04:00:00Z Among hunter-gatherer societies, women commonly gathered while men commonly hunted. World History: to 1500 2023-04-19T00:00:00Z Clearly, movement is innate to human survival; hunter-gatherer communities walked miles together every day. The pandemic and the end of group fitness 2020-05-17T04:00:00Z What exactly happened between them and indigenous hunter-gatherers is not known, but gradually, judged by modern and ancient DNA, those hunter-gatherers disappeared. DNA of ‘Irish Pharaoh’ Sheds Light on Ancient Tomb Builders 2020-06-17T04:00:00Z DNA predicts that Ireland's hunter-gatherers had a striking combination of dark skin and blue eyes. DNA study reveals Ireland's age of 'god-kings' 2020-06-17T04:00:00Z One such community was the Awahnichi, hunter-gatherers who lived in California’s Yosemite Valley. From Black Death to fatal flu, past pandemics show why people on the margins suffer most 2020-05-14T04:00:00Z As long as thirteen thousand years ago, groups of hunter-gatherers had spread across North America south of the remaining ice sheets. World History: to 1500 2023-04-19T00:00:00Z The hunter-gatherers were extremely uncomfortable in office buildings: seemingly simple tasks such as opening doors proved daunting to them, let alone more specialized ones such as comprehending agendas and forms. How Sustainable Development Ravaged the Congo Basin 2020-04-27T04:00:00Z Though this is a small amount, it does show, Dr. Bradley said, that there was some interaction between the farmers and hunter-gatherers. DNA of ‘Irish Pharaoh’ Sheds Light on Ancient Tomb Builders 2020-06-17T04:00:00Z The colonizers brought with them a variety of pathogens, to which the formerly isolated hunter-gatherers had no immunity. The Pandemic also Threatens Endangered Languages 2020-04-20T04:00:00Z Perhaps the most important of these was that early civilisations began to move away from living as hunter-gatherers and started to cultivate crops for food. Crops cultivated in Amazonia '10,000 years ago' 2020-04-08T04:00:00Z Because of the great abundance of resources along the Pacific Northwest coast, the groups that settled there could accumulate wealth far more easily than many other hunter-gatherer societies. World History: to 1500 2023-04-19T00:00:00Z Unable to act against the powerful perpetrators of the illegal wildlife trade, eco-guards began to attack softer targets: the hunter-gatherers and villagers. How Sustainable Development Ravaged the Congo Basin 2020-04-27T04:00:00Z "Kostenki 11 represents a rare example of Palaeolithic hunter-gatherers living on in this harsh environment," the study's lead author, Alexander Pryor, said in a statement. Mysterious Ice Age structure built from woolly mammoth bones found 2020-03-17T04:00:00Z If you are sitting down to read this article, you may be doing your resting wrong, according to a fascinating new study of hunter-gatherer tribespeople and how they idle. Sitting Is Bad for Our Health. Should We Squat More Instead? 2020-03-11T04:00:00Z She notes that anthropologist Polly Wiessner of the University of Utah has shown that among many contemporary hunter-gatherers, people talk about different things depending on the time of day. Is This Indonesian Cave Painting the Earliest Portrayal of a Mythical Story? 2020-03-13T04:00:00Z By that time, some groups in the region had begun planting maize in small plots along riverbanks and using it to supplement their hunter-gatherer existence. World History: to 1500 2023-04-19T00:00:00Z Conservationists point to the harm done to endangered species by logging, roads and market pressures to justify the draconian hunting restrictions imposed on the hunter-gatherers and the abuses by eco-guards. How Sustainable Development Ravaged the Congo Basin 2020-04-27T04:00:00Z By relying on a few crops and domestic animals, early farmers ate a less varied and healthy diet than hunter-gatherers. Farming gave us salmonella, ancient DNA suggests 2020-02-24T05:00:00Z The study finds that hunter-gatherers tend to lounge about during the day almost as much as those of us in the developed world. Sitting Is Bad for Our Health. Should We Squat More Instead? 2020-03-11T04:00:00Z They reported the strongest ghost signal in the Khoisan people and in Central African hunter-gatherers formerly known as pygmies. Mysterious ‘ghost’ populations had multiple trysts with human ancestors 2020-02-20T05:00:00Z These communities of hunter-gatherers followed the mammoth, elk, and moose on which they subsisted into northern China. World History: to 1500 2023-04-19T00:00:00Z The disconnect between hunter-gatherers and conservationists ultimately arises from their conflicting philosophies. How Sustainable Development Ravaged the Congo Basin 2020-04-27T04:00:00Z He is known for gathering microbiome samples from hunter-gatherers to explore the idea that their microbiomes are healthier than those of people in industrialized societies. Sexual misconduct legal battle raises questions about microbe researcher’s work 2020-02-19T05:00:00Z “We are not advocating for a hunter-gatherer lifestyle,” he says. Sitting Is Bad for Our Health. Should We Squat More Instead? 2020-03-11T04:00:00Z The hunter-gatherers are also known to have eaten haddock, whale, dolphin, reindeer, and beaver. The real ‘paleo diet’ may have been full of toxic metals 2020-02-14T05:00:00Z Archaeologists believe the site was likely used by hunter-gatherers on a seasonal basis. World History: to 1500 2023-04-19T00:00:00Z “It’s not a blank area, it’s not a land bridge, it’s probably one of the best areas for hunter-gatherers in Europe,” says Vincent Gaffney, an archaeologist at the University of Bradford. Relics washed up on beaches reveal lost world beneath the North Sea 2020-01-30T05:00:00Z Several studies have identified a stark difference between the microbiota of urban populations and those of Indigenous populations that lead traditional agrarian or hunter-gatherer lifestyles, which more closely resemble those of our early ancestors. The hunt for a healthy microbiome 2020-01-28T05:00:00Z One lineage passed down their DNA to living hunter-gatherers in southern Africa. Ancient DNA from West Africa Adds to Picture of Humans’ Rise 2020-01-22T05:00:00Z In 2015, for example, researchers reported that cod caught off the North American coast around 6500 years ago by Stone Age hunter-gatherers contained high levels of mercury. The real ‘paleo diet’ may have been full of toxic metals 2020-02-14T05:00:00Z They employed both hunter-gatherer strategies and the cultivation of domesticated plants like sunflowers and bottle gourds. World History: to 1500 2023-04-19T00:00:00Z The Bantus made pottery and forged iron, and their burgeoning populations rapidly displaced hunter-gatherers across Africa. DNA from child burials reveals ‘profoundly different’ human landscape in ancient Africa 2020-01-22T05:00:00Z The Hadza, a population of hunter-gatherers living in Tanzania, eat 100–150 grams of dietary fibre per day, Sonnenburg says — ten times as much as a typical person in the United States. The hunt for a healthy microbiome 2020-01-28T05:00:00Z A second group were ancestors of the Aka and other central African hunter-gatherers. Ancient DNA from West Africa Adds to Picture of Humans’ Rise 2020-01-22T05:00:00Z DNA analysis revealed that the birch pitch was chewed by a female, who is described as genetically closer to hunter-gatherers from mainland Europe than the inhabitants of Scandinavia at that time. Face of Stone Age woman revealed thanks to DNA from Neolithic 5,700-year-old 'chewing gum' 2019-12-17T05:00:00Z Named after the site in Clovis, New Mexico, where the first evidence of their existence was discovered, the Clovis culture consisted of mobile bands of hunter-gatherers who camped at resource- rich locations in modest-sized populations. World History: to 1500 2023-04-19T00:00:00Z The model suggests their lineage split from three other modern human lineages: one leading to the Khoisan hunter-gatherers in southern Africa, one to east Africans, and one to a now-extinct “ghost” population. DNA from child burials reveals ‘profoundly different’ human landscape in ancient Africa 2020-01-22T05:00:00Z She was also more closely related to hunter-gatherers from mainland Europe than those who lived in central Scandinavia at the time, according to a report in Nature Communications. Discarded Neolithic chewing gum helps recreate image of ancient Dane 2019-12-17T05:00:00Z It’s possible that the Ghost Moderns were hunter-gatherers who lived across the southern edge of the Sahara. Ancient DNA from West Africa Adds to Picture of Humans’ Rise 2020-01-22T05:00:00Z She was descended from a genetic group archaeologists refer to as Western hunter-gatherers, who began settling in Scandinavia via a southern route as early as 11,700 years ago. Ancient “Chewing Gum” Reveals a 5,700-Year-Old Microbiome 2019-12-17T05:00:00Z Before the intrusion of civilisation into their territories, hunter-gatherers were “non-sedentary” people – perpetual wanderers. ‘Humans were not centre stage’: how ancient cave art puts us in our place 2019-12-12T05:00:00Z Department officials say Pelton’s research experience is in the early prehistory of hunter-gatherers of the High Plains and the Rocky Mountains. University of Wyoming faculty named new state archaeologist 2019-11-20T05:00:00Z First, he continues to exaggerate the violence of chimpanzees and human hunter-gatherers. Can the Shape of Your Face Predict Your Propensity for Violence? 2019-11-17T05:00:00Z A separate group of East Africans moved west, encountering and mixing with Central African hunter-gatherers and eventually becoming the first West Africans. Ancient DNA from West Africa Adds to Picture of Humans’ Rise 2020-01-22T05:00:00Z “It’s very difficult to put that microbiome into context without further analysis of other hunter-gatherers.” Ancient “Chewing Gum” Reveals a 5,700-Year-Old Microbiome 2019-12-17T05:00:00Z The transition from a nomadic, hunter-gatherer lifestyle to cultivating food set the stage for human civilization today. Should the age of humans have a geological name? 2019-11-11T05:00:00Z The finding represents a significant turning point in researchers’ understanding of the relationship of hunter-gatherer bands with the mammoths, Pedro Francisco Sánchez Nava, the institute’s national coordinator of archaeology, said in a statement on Wednesday. Trove of Mammoth Skeletons Excavated Near Mexico City Gives Clues About Hunting 2019-11-08T05:00:00Z |
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