| 单词 | antigenic |
| 例句 | Since there are so many of them, they can make collective guesses at almost anything antigenic on the surface of the earth, but they must do their work one notion at a time. The Lives of a Cell 1974-01-01T00:00:00Z “The spike antigens of both of these lineages are genetically and antigenically very closely related, with only two amino acid differences between” them. COVID vaccine should be updated to target XBB strain, FDA committee says 2023-06-15T04:00:00Z T-cells contain antigen receptors on their surface that combine with antigenic determinants on pathogens. Fundamentals of Biology 2015-01-01T00:00:00Z The antibodies may create bridges between different particles containing antigenic sites clumping them all together and preventing their proper functioning. Concepts of Biology 2013-04-25T00:00:00Z Note that recognition occurs at a specific epitope rather than on the entire antigen; for this reason, epitopes are known as “antigenic determinants.” Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z Thus, the antigen-binding site of the receptor consists of the terminal ends of both receptor chains, and the amino acid sequences of those two areas combine to determine its antigenic specificity. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z But it’s not yet clear if this is the case with COVID-19, or whether the current vaccines have broad enough protection to neutralize this phenomenon, known as “original antigenic sin.” Outlook poses tough questions for next steps on COVID-19 vaccines 2022-04-14T04:00:00Z The variable region binds to the antigenic determinant. Fundamentals of Biology 2015-01-01T00:00:00Z A dendritic cell is an immune cell that mops up antigenic materials in its surroundings and presents them on its surface. Concepts of Biology 2013-04-25T00:00:00Z Scientists do not agree about how previous exposures — known as immune imprinting, or sometimes called “original antigenic sin” — will affect people’s response to new vaccines, for good or bad. Vaccine scientists have been chasing variants. Now, they’re seeking a universal coronavirus vaccine. 2022-02-14T05:00:00Z Keep in mind that most antigens have multiple antigenic determinants, so a T cell response to a typical antigen involves a polyclonal response. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z The second worry, called “original antigenic sin,” seems more plausible. Will ‘forever boosting’ beat the coronavirus? 2022-01-06T05:00:00Z And the forces propelling this ‘antigenic change’ are likely to grow stronger as most of the planet gains immunity to the virus through infection, vaccination or both. COVID Variants Hint at How the Virus Will Evolve 2021-12-09T05:00:00Z This phenomenon, called “original antigenic sin,” has been observed with influenza and human papillomavirus vaccines. Perspective | We don’t need universal booster shots. We need to reach the unvaccinated. 2021-11-29T05:00:00Z Some people are better at fighting off seasonal flu when the strain of influenza virus is similar to the first one they encountered in childhood—a phenomenon evocatively dubbed ‘original antigenic sin’, or OAS. Do Childhood Colds Help the Body Respond to COVID? 2021-11-22T05:00:00Z The antibodies to this pathogen’s M protein cross-react with an antigenic component of heart myosin, a major contractile protein of the heart that is critical to its normal function. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z Derek Smith, an evolutionary biologist at the University of Cambridge, has worked for decades on visualizing immune evasion in the influenza virus in so-called antigenic maps. New SARS-CoV-2 variants have changed the pandemic. What will the virus do next? 2021-08-19T04:00:00Z They will, however, still be asked for a negative PCR test no older than 72 hours or a negative antigenic test of no more than 48 hours. Bonjour! France welcoming back (vaccinated) tourists 2021-06-04T04:00:00Z We used to believe that the cold-causing coronaviruses were stable—meaning no antigenic drift—but returned yearly because of faded immune protection. How Will the Coronavirus Evolve? 2021-02-19T05:00:00Z They send samples to WHO-designated labs for more sophisticated “antigenic” testing to determine vaccine strength. COVID-19 shots might be tweaked if variants get worse 2021-02-15T05:00:00Z Figure 21.16 Antigenic Determinants A typical protein antigen has multiple antigenic determinants, shown by the ability of T cells with three different specificities to bind to different parts of the same antigen. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z Other variants have evolved more antigenic distance from the original virus than Delta. New SARS-CoV-2 variants have changed the pandemic. What will the virus do next? 2021-08-19T04:00:00Z “The strong immune response to the mRNA vaccines would suggest that a large antigenic change would be needed to significantly reduce efficacy.” British scientists find worrying changes in the coronavirus that put UK Christmas in jeopardy 2020-12-20T05:00:00Z One theory is that of ‘antigenic seniority’, which says that strains encountered in childhood are given a ‘senior’ position in the immune response, and that subsequent strains are treated as less important. Long-term studies will track indelible marks of first flu 2019-05-13T04:00:00Z First, there's “antigenic drift,” something that happens in the genes of the virus over time as the virus reproduces. The same flu virus that caused the 1918 pandemic is back this year 2019-01-02T05:00:00Z Eventually, the plasma cells secrete antibodies with antigenic specificity identical to those that were on the surfaces of the selected B cells. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z Smith’s antigenic maps show the space the virus has explored so far. New SARS-CoV-2 variants have changed the pandemic. What will the virus do next? 2021-08-19T04:00:00Z This evolution of the HA and NA proteins, called antigenic drift, prevents people from developing lasting immunity to the virus. Why did the flu kill 80,000 Americans last year? 2018-10-25T04:00:00Z One approach is called antigenic variation, whereby a pathogen population keeps changing the antigens that are expressed. Chromatin clues to the trypanosome parasite’s uniform coat 2018-10-16T04:00:00Z The second way in which a flu virus changes is called an “antigenic shift.” The same flu virus that caused the 1918 pandemic is back this year 2019-01-02T05:00:00Z The concept is called original antigenic sin, though the term imprinting is also used. "The Problem Child of Seasonal Flu": Beware This Winter's Virus 2018-01-09T05:00:00Z The remarkable capacity of influenza viruses to undergo antigenic drift or shift to overcome and escape human population immunity leaves us vulnerable to a public health disaster potentially as serious as the 1918 pandemic. 100 Years after the Lethal 1918 Flu Pandemic, We Are Still Vulnerable 2017-09-15T04:00:00Z Against this background of antigenic change, every year the World Health Organization predicts which strains of flu virus will be circulating during the next flu season, and vaccines are formulated based on this information. Why did the flu kill 80,000 Americans last year? 2018-10-25T04:00:00Z However, overcoming original antigenic sin to ensure that a vaccine offers protection against more than one group of them could be tricky. The year of your birth affects your resistance to flu 2016-11-15T05:00:00Z While an antigenic drift happens gradually, a shift is sudden and involves two strains merging genetic material, creating a new strain spontaneously. The same flu virus that caused the 1918 pandemic is back this year 2019-01-02T05:00:00Z Repeated mutations, owing to low-fidelity replication and frequent recombination, mean that at any time antigenic shift may occur, and a new, fatal pandemic may arise. When the Cold comes : Nature : Nature Publishing Group 2016-05-31T04:00:00Z When the result is a small or modest change in the virus, it is referred to as an antigenic drift. 100 Years after the Lethal 1918 Flu Pandemic, We Are Still Vulnerable 2017-09-15T04:00:00Z A single smallpox vaccine had more than 200 different antigenic proteins. Not Up for Debate: The Science Behind Vaccination 2015-09-17T04:00:00Z My average reader would be as confused as I by long passages about RNA and antigenic drift. A deadly task: writing about a fictional virus when you're a deskbound novelist 2015-07-12T04:00:00Z Such viral drift has been a persistent problem over the years, although less devastating than the “antigenic shift” that occasionally occurs, creating an entirely new strain that leaves much of the population defenseless. Why scientists guessed wrong on this year’s flu vaccine, and why it could happen again 2015-01-08T05:00:00Z It undergoes a process known as "antigenic drift" that changes the germ's surface proteins every year so that this year's flu is unaffected by last year's vaccine. Flu 101: To Fight the Flu, Prepare for It 2014-01-06T20:09:00Z This ground-up tumour biopsy serves as the antigenic material that the dendritic cells relay to other parts of the immune system, teaching it that these are foreign substances that must be eliminated. Cancer vaccines: Material breach 2013-12-18T18:51:03.601Z These titers rose modestly over time, even in the absence of major antigenic shifts. [Research Articles] Neutralizing Antibodies Against Previously Encountered Influenza Virus Strains Increase over Time: A Longitudinal Analysis 2013-08-14T18:25:14.097Z Our data suggest that the dynamic exchange of T cells between GCs ensures maximal diversification of T cell help and that their ability to enter ongoing GCs accommodates antigenic variation during the immune response. [Report] T Follicular Helper Cell Dynamics in Germinal Centers 2013-08-09T19:27:07.730Z Moreover, mice infected with a recent seasonal virus in which glycosylation sites were removed elicited antibodies that protected against challenge with the antigenically distant pH1N1 virus. [Research Articles] Glycosylations in the Globular Head of the Hemagglutinin Protein Modulate the Virulence and Antigenic Properties of the H1N1 Influenza Viruses 2013-05-29T19:25:07.827Z The flu bug is also subject to more abrupt changes, known as "antigenic shift," which occur when flu strains mingle with one another. Flu 101: To Fight the Flu, Prepare for It 2014-01-06T20:09:00Z The reason is what the scientists call antigenic cycling. Well: Aging: Fewer Elderly Deaths in Flu Pandemics 2013-05-22T21:36:25Z The results herein describe a role for antigenic variation in shaping the humoral immune compartment and provide a rational basis for the hierarchical nature of antibody titers against influenza A viruses in humans. [Research Articles] Neutralizing Antibodies Against Previously Encountered Influenza Virus Strains Increase over Time: A Longitudinal Analysis 2013-08-14T18:25:14.097Z Like a unique paperweight, its intricate antigenic spikes extend like soft peaks. Deadly Diseases Are Less Scary When They're Beautiful Glass Sculptures 2013-01-29T16:15:03.417Z Owing to their defined antigenic specificity and durable memory, effector CD4 T cells are a liability when inappropriately directed against self-antigens or, in the case of the microbiota, the 'extended' self. Reciprocal interactions of the intestinal microbiota and immune system 2012-09-13T11:20:55.227Z Consequently, the viruses are classified based on the antigenic variation of the HA and NA proteins. [Special Issue Report] Airborne Transmission of Influenza A/H5N1 Virus Between Ferrets 2012-06-21T18:26:51.147Z We demonstrate that the structure-based design of multiple immunodominant antigenic surfaces on a single protein scaffold is possible and represents an effective way to create broadly protective vaccines. [Research Articles] Rational Design of a Meningococcal Antigen Inducing Broad Protective Immunity 2011-07-13T19:55:12.557Z Titers of cross-reactive antibodies specific to the hemagglutinin stalk domain were also investigated because they are influenced by exposure to antigenically diverse influenza A viruses. [Research Articles] Neutralizing Antibodies Against Previously Encountered Influenza Virus Strains Increase over Time: A Longitudinal Analysis 2013-08-14T18:25:14.097Z Like blemishes on a bathroom wall, the antigenic proteins become invisible when painted over. Blood transfusion: Painted out 2011-03-17T11:53:59Z As such, our understanding of the antigenic components of the microbiota that are the targets of immune attack in IBD are limited. Reciprocal interactions of the intestinal microbiota and immune system 2012-09-13T11:20:55.227Z The reaction occurs because antigenic substances introduced into the body of an animal cause the formation of antibodies which precipitate antigens when the two are mixed. Myology and Serology of the Avian Family Fringillidae A Taxonomic Study These results would indicate that the five species are similar regarding antigenic content of the blood, and the variation is not consistent within one or the other genus as presently known. Jaw Musculature of the Mourning and White-winged Doves |
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