| 单词 | guanine |
| 例句 | There was no questioning of the decision to put guanine and thymine in the keto form. Double Helix 1968-02-27T00:00:00Z Furthermore, the hydrogen-bonding requirement meant that adenine would always pair with thymine, while guanine could pair only with cytosine. Double Helix 1968-02-27T00:00:00Z Always pairing adenine with thymine and guanine with cytosine meant that the base sequences of the two intertwined chains were complementary to each other. Double Helix 1968-02-27T00:00:00Z Three strong hydrogen bonds can be drawn between guanine and cytosine. make the two types of base pairs identical in shape. Double Helix 1968-02-27T00:00:00Z Most important, two symmetrical hydrogen bonds could also hold together pairs of guanine, cytosine, or thymine. Double Helix 1968-02-27T00:00:00Z A similar argument could be put forward for attractive forces between guanine and cytosine. Double Helix 1968-02-27T00:00:00Z Also pleasing was the great accuracy of the data, which illustrated better than any previous analytical work the equality of adenine with thymine and guanine with cytosine. Double Helix 1968-02-27T00:00:00Z “Suddenly I became aware that an adenine thymine pair was identical in shape to a guanine cytosine pair...no fudging was required to make the two types of base pairs identical in shape.” The Gene 2016-06-02T00:00:00Z This was no reason, however, not to tell Maurice that conceivably adenine was attracted to thymine and guanine to cytosine. Double Helix 1968-02-27T00:00:00Z That night, however, I could not see why the common tautomeric form of guanine would not hydrogen- bond to adenine. Double Helix 1968-02-27T00:00:00Z In fact, when I was away in the Alps he had spent a week trying to prove experimentally that in water solutions there were attractive forces between adenine and thymine, and between guanine and cytosine. Double Helix 1968-02-27T00:00:00Z The guanine picture I was thrusting toward his face was almost certainly bogus. Double Helix 1968-02-27T00:00:00Z The formation of a third hydrogen bond between guanine and cytosine was considered, but rejected because a crystallographic study of guanine hinted that it would be very weak. Double Helix 1968-02-27T00:00:00Z Against me was the awkward chemical fact that I had chosen the wrong tautomeric forms of guanine and thymine. Double Helix 1968-02-27T00:00:00Z Most important, its amount equaled the amount of guanine. Double Helix 1968-02-27T00:00:00Z They possess an exotic hype to feather oneself in; yet the active ingredients are guanine and urea, produced in the colon of the warbler. A poo facial mask – smaller pores, yes, but do you really want faeces on your face? 2019-11-19T05:00:00Z According to Scientific American, in a test tube, Benner and his team added modified cytosine and guanine into DNA molecules. Creating “alien” DNA on Earth: Lab creates life with genetic code outside our own 2014-05-08T16:10:00Z I got like a cytosine and a guanine switched. Jon Stewart Has a New Talk Show, but He Plans to do More Listening 2021-09-29T04:00:00Z Huntington’s is a hereditary neurodegenerative disease caused by excess repetitions of three building blocks of DNA — cytosine, adenine, and guanine — on a gene called huntingtin. Sought Out by Science, and Then Forgotten 2023-05-23T04:00:00Z Adenine and thymine are connected by two hydrogen bonds, and cytosine and guanine are connected by three hydrogen bonds. Concepts of Biology 2013-04-25T00:00:00Z Rather than inducing random changes in the virus’ RNA genome, the drug is more likely to cause specific nucleic acid substitutions, with guanine switching to adenine and cytosine to uracil. Could a popular COVID-19 antiviral supercharge the pandemic? 2023-02-01T05:00:00Z Their theoretical model incorporated the quantum effects that allow a proton, bound to the base cytosine on one strand, to spontaneously “tunnel” and hook up to the guanine base on the other. Quantum Tunneling Makes DNA More Unstable 2022-09-21T04:00:00Z These bases form complementary base pairs consisting of one purine and one pyrimidine, with adenine pairing with thymine, and cytosine with guanine. Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z Based on Khorana’s findings, calculate the relative distributions of the following ratios of concentrations of RNA triplet sequences from mixtures in which the relative concentrations of guanine and cytosine, G:C, are 5:1. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z RNA nucleotides contain the nitrogenous bases adenine, cytosine, and guanine. Concepts of Biology 2013-04-25T00:00:00Z The nucleotides that make up DNA have four types of nitrogenous bases: adenine, guanine, cytosine, and thymine. Miller & Levine Biology 2018-01-01T00:00:00Z But if the proton does not make it back by the time the two DNA strands separate—the first step of DNA replication—the cytosine might bind to a different base, adenine, rather than guanine. Quantum Tunneling Makes DNA More Unstable 2022-09-21T04:00:00Z RNA contains ribose, one phosphate group, and one nitrogen-containing base, but the “choices” of base for RNA are adenine, cytosine, guanine, and uracil. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z Base pairing takes place between a purine and pyrimidine; namely, A pairs with T and G pairs with C. Adenine and thymine are complementary base pairs, and cytosine and guanine are also complementary base pairs. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z Recall that adenine nucleotides pair with thymine nucleotides, and cytosine with guanine. Concepts of Biology 2013-04-25T00:00:00Z There are different potential ways to store this information in DNA - for example, a zero in binary code could be represented by the bases adenine or cytosine and the one represented by guanine or thymine. Scientists claim big advance in using DNA to store data 2021-12-01T05:00:00Z But instead of encoding that data as zeros and ones as computers do, the basic building blocks for DNA are the nucleotides adenine, thymine, cytosine, and guanine — A, T, C, and G for short. Star Trek creator’s signature will live long and prosper in new NFT 2021-11-30T05:00:00Z The “choices” of base for DNA are adenine, cytosine, guanine, and thymine. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z Transition substitution refers to a purine or pyrimidine being replaced by a base of the same kind; for example, a purine such as adenine may be replaced by the purine guanine. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z This is the basis for Chargaff’s rule; because of their complementarity, there is as much adenine as thymine in a DNA molecule and as much guanine as cytosine. Concepts of Biology 2013-04-25T00:00:00Z To do so, researchers typically convert a data file’s string of digital 1s and 0s into combinations of the molecule’s four bases: adenine, guanine, cytosine, and thymine. Scientists ‘program’ living bacteria to store data 2021-01-11T05:00:00Z Each letter represents a chemical — adenine, thymine, cytosine, guanine — known as a nucleotide. Column One: Comet tails and a Trojan horse: One laboratory's hunt for a COVID-19 vaccine 2020-11-13T05:00:00Z Adenine always binds with thymine, and cytosine always binds with guanine. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z The amount of adenine and thymine is equal to guanine and cytosine and is found in equal quantities. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z Adenine always bonds with thymine, and cytosine always bonds with guanine. Concepts of Biology 2013-04-25T00:00:00Z The mutation involves expansion of a section of DNA in which six bases — four guanine bases followed by two cytosine — are repeated many times. Neurodegenerative gene’s function is not all about those bases 2020-08-18T04:00:00Z In such mutations, a single DNA base—adenine, cytosine, thymine, or guanine—is replaced by one that disrupts a needed protein or otherwise impairs the power plant. New method to edit cell’s ‘powerhouse’ DNA could help study variety of genetic diseases 2020-07-08T04:00:00Z Previous DNA storage approaches treated the four key DNA components known as bases—adenine, thymine, cytosine and guanine—like electronic bits, the 1s and 0s that encode digital data. “Punch Card” DNA Could Mean Cheaper High-Capacity Data Storage 2020-04-08T04:00:00Z The amount of adenine, thymine, guanine, and cytosine varies from species to species and they are not found in equal quantities. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z The fundamental building blocks of DNA are the four bases adenine, cytosine, guanine and thymine. DNA tool could correct 89% of genetic defects 2019-10-21T04:00:00Z Organic chemists have created in the lab the nucleobases, adenine, uracil, cytosine and guanine — known as A, U, C and G — that could have served as the building blocks of RNA on an early Earth. Daily briefing: At 15, graphene is ready for prime time 2019-10-06T04:00:00Z Part of this gene contains repeated segments for three of the letters of the DNA code—cytosine, adenine and guanine, which are known as CAG repeats. Antisense Drugs for Huntington’s, ALS and Prion Diseases Could Meet the Dire Need for Brain Treatments 2019-08-15T04:00:00Z The silvery sheen is made of guanine, a digestive by-product. The ultimate lovely legs competition: the world's nine most beautiful spiders 2019-03-06T05:00:00Z Adenine pairs up with thymine and cytosine pairs with guanine. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z A second base editor, also from Liu’s team, that converts adenine to guanine introduced no such mistakes. CRISPR offshoot still makes mistakes editing DNA, raising concerns about its medical use 2019-02-28T05:00:00Z Those building blocks—cytosine, uracil, adenine, and guanine—have previously been re-created in the lab from other starting materials. Chemists find a recipe that may have jump-started life on Earth 2018-10-18T04:00:00Z Chameleons use guanine crystals to help them change the color of their skin. The Scallop Sees With Space-Age Eyes — Hundreds of Them 2017-11-30T05:00:00Z While the deamination of adenine yields inosine, which is treated as guanine by polymerases, no enzymes are known to deaminate adenine in DNA. Programmable base editing of A•T to G•C in genomic DNA without DNA cleavage 2017-10-24T04:00:00Z Adenine pairs up with cytosine and thymine pairs with guanine. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z The enzyme was able to rearrange atoms in adenine to change it into an inosine, which the cell reads as a guanine. CRISPR hacks enable pinpoint repairs to genome 2017-10-24T04:00:00Z Base editing alters the fundamental building blocks of DNA: the four bases adenine, cytosine, guanine and thymine. 'Chemical surgery' performed on embryos 2017-09-28T04:00:00Z Paradoxically, the guanine squares don’t reflect light on their own — they’re transparent. The Scallop Sees With Space-Age Eyes — Hundreds of Them 2017-11-30T05:00:00Z The vast chains of DNA in each cell are made of just four molecules — adenine, guanine, thymine and cytosine — arranged in enormously varied configurations. Who needs hard drives? Scientists store film clip in DNA 2017-07-12T04:00:00Z Adenine pairs up with thymine and cytosine pairs with guanine. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z But this route hasn’t been shown to give rise to adenine or guanine, RNA’s purine building blocks. ‘RNA world’ inches closer to explaining origins of life 2016-05-12T04:00:00Z No less astounding than their light and magic displays are the guanine crystal reflectors that produce them, found in perfect hexagonal arrays under the chitinous cuticle of the copepod. How Do Sea Sapphires Become Invisible? 2015-07-23T04:00:00Z But no one knew how guanine helped scallops to see. The Scallop Sees With Space-Age Eyes — Hundreds of Them 2017-11-30T05:00:00Z All of the proteins in the body are coded in recipes in DNA’s four-letter code – adenine, guanine, cytosine, thymine – on double-helix-shaped molecules in the chromosomes that are deep within every human cell. In The Book Of Life, A Second Map Is Deciphered 2015-02-24T05:00:00Z Adenine pairs up with thymine and cytosine pairs with guanine. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z Referring to 38,765.05 daltons as corresponding uniquely to a DNA strand containing the subunits 43 adenine, 28 guanine, 19 cytosine and 35 thymine was a simplification for illustrative purposes. Readers Respond to "The World Without Free Will" 2014-09-21T04:00:00Z Although they knew the crystals were involved somehow, the previous hypothesis conjecturing that variations in the thickness of the guanine crystals produces the different colors proved to be a dud. How Do Sea Sapphires Become Invisible? 2015-07-23T04:00:00Z The researchers found that the mirrors are made of twenty to thirty layers of guanine, each containing millions of squares that fit together snugly like tiles on a wall. The Scallop Sees With Space-Age Eyes — Hundreds of Them 2017-11-30T05:00:00Z The colour is caused by geometric arrangements of a compound called guanine in their scales. Now you see me... 2014-08-28T04:00:00Z Adenine pairs with thymine and guanine pairs with cytosine. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z This suppression was due to both reduced guanine nucleotide exchange factor activity and increased intrinsic GTPase activity. [Research Articles] Suppression of p21Rac Signaling and Increased Innate Immunity Mediate Remission in Crohn's Disease 2014-04-29T14:57:45.139Z In human DNA, methyl groups most often attach at 'CpG sites' — places where a cytosine precedes a guanine in the DNA. Biomarkers and ageing: The clock-watcher 2014-04-09T17:20:26.613Z It’s best known as one of the main ingredients of DNA, but in some animals guanine is packed into crystals that reflect light. The Scallop Sees With Space-Age Eyes — Hundreds of Them 2017-11-30T05:00:00Z Moreover, the gene content is reduced on the long arm and the guanine–cytosine content is slightly increased. The zebrafish reference genome sequence and its relationship to the human genome 2013-04-24T17:21:53.517Z Adenine pairs with cytosine and guanine pairs with thymine. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z The strain they picked lacked a gene from the pathway the bug usually uses to synthesise guanine, one of the four chemical bases that act as the genetic code in DNA. Decaffeinating waste: Brewing a solution 2013-04-04T15:09:49Z A G-quadruplex comprises four guanines from different places along a G-rich strand held together by a special type of hydrogen bonding to form a compact square structure that interrupts the DNA helix. Four-Strand DNA Structure Found in Cells 2013-01-22T17:15:00.320Z The G-quadruplex seems to form in DNA where guanine exists in substantial quantities. 'Quadruple helix' DNA in humans 2013-01-20T19:19:17Z Among the atoms in DNA are four—cytosine, adenine, guanine, thymine—that are used to store the information in our genes and in the researchers’ books. What if Big Data is Too Big? A Radical Solution May Be in DNA 2012-11-28T15:52:46Z Adenine and cytosine form two hydrogen bonds and guanine and thymine form three hydrogen bonds. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z Less obvious is trouble with a different G – the guanine in genes. A Tale of 2 G-Spots 2012-04-25T12:45:00.243Z Protecting the chromosome The protective tips of chromosomal DNA, known as telomeres, are rich in guanine and so are likely candidates for G-quadruplex structures. Four-Strand DNA Structure Found in Cells 2013-01-22T17:15:00.320Z An enzyme called ADAR, for instance, induces mismatches in human cells by replacing the base adenosine with another molecule that is then read as guanine when the RNA is used to code for a protein. Genetics: Evidence of altered RNA stirs debate 2011-05-25T17:20:26.963Z They then translated the code into the DNA: Zeros were encoded in guanine and thymine, ones in adenine and cytosine. What if Big Data is Too Big? A Radical Solution May Be in DNA 2012-11-28T15:52:46Z He found that the amount of adenine equals the amount of thymine, and the amount of cytosine equals the amount of guanine, or A = T and G = C. This is also known as Chargaff’s rules. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z The corresponding derivatives of guanine, cytosine, and uracil were also found, and they are active in the temporary transfer of phosphoric acid groups in biological processes. History of Phosphorus The cutis contains several kinds of specialized cells in many layers, each filled with minute granules of guanine. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 5, Slice 7 "Cerargyrite" to "Charing Cross" In short, by utilizing, in a different chemical combination, the waste products of animal oxidization, the magnificent Spider rivals the magnificent caterpillar; she beautifies herself with guanine as the other does with its uric acid. The Glow-Worm and Other Beetles Other experiments were carried out of a similar nature by Professor S. W. Johnson, the different kinds of nitrogen experimented with being uric acid, hippuric acid, and guanine. Manures and the principles of manuring The base pairs are stabilized by hydrogen bonds; adenine and thymine form two hydrogen bonds and cytosine and guanine form three hydrogen bonds. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z The Spaniards captured two natives who wore gold necklaces, which they called guanines. De Orbe Novo, Volume 1 (of 2) The Eight Decades of Peter Martyr D'Anghera The cibe or colecibi are made of a stone like marble, and are worn round the wrists and neck, but the guanine are worn in their ears, and they sound like fine metal. A General History and Collection of Voyages and Travels — Volume 03 Arranged in Systematic Order: Forming a Complete History of the Origin and Progress of Navigation, Discovery, and Commerce, by Sea and Land, from the Earliest Ages to the Present Time It tells us that the materials rejected by the organism, guanine, uric acid and other dross from life's refinery, play an important part in the coloration of the insect. The Glow-Worm and Other Beetles The artificial preparation of theobromine and caffeine from xanthine, and guanine also show clearly their relations. Scientific American Supplement, No. 415, December 15, 1883 Adenine and thymine form two hydrogen bonds and cytosine and guanine form three hydrogen bonds. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z In exchange for their gold and guanines they received glass beads and other similar trifles. De Orbe Novo, Volume 1 (of 2) The Eight Decades of Peter Martyr D'Anghera Adenine and cytosine form three hydrogen bonds and guanine and thymine form two hydrogen bonds. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z Uric acid then is not present in this case; and the substance must be guanine, an alkaloid known to be the urinary product of the Spiders. The Glow-Worm and Other Beetles Both theobromine and caffeine, its methyl derivative, have been made from xanthine, which itself can be formed from guanine, a constituent of guano. Scientific American Supplement, No. 415, December 15, 1883 Adenine pairs with cytosine and guanine pairs with thymine. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z Adenine pairs with cytosine and guanine pairs with thymine. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z Adenine and cytosine form three hydrogen bonds and guanine and thymine form two hydrogen bonds. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z The amount of adenine, thymine, guanine, and cytosine varies from species to species and are not found in equal quantities. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z The amount of adenine, thymine, guanine, and cytosine varies from species to species and is found in equal quantities. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z |
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