| 单词 | glume |
| 例句 | Empty glumes mostly acute or bristle-pointed, persistent, usually thin; the lower rather smaller or minute. The Manual of the Botany of the Northern United States Including the District East of the Mississippi and North of North Carolina and Tennessee 2012-04-12T02:00:30.140Z The others retained the elongated, narrow, brownish-red ears, the flowering glumes again opening wide for some days. Disease in Plants 2012-03-01T03:00:22Z Go, reaper, Speed and reap, Go take the harvest Of the plough: The wheat is standing Broad and deep, The barley glumes Are golden now. The Mountainy Singer 2012-02-20T03:00:20.273Z The axis is often continued beyond the last flower or glume as a bristle or stalk. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 12, Slice 3 "Gordon, Lord George" to "Grasses" 2011-11-13T03:00:13.177Z Chaff, small membranous scales or bracts on the receptacle of Composit�; the glumes, &c., of grasses. The Elements of Botany For Beginners and For Schools P. alpìnum, L. Low; spike ovate-oblong; lower glumes strongly ciliate on the back, tipped with a rough awn about their own length.—Alpine tops of the White Mountains, N. H., and high northward. The Manual of the Botany of the Northern United States Including the District East of the Mississippi and North of North Carolina and Tennessee 2012-04-12T02:00:30.140Z Bromus sterilis L. Floral glume minutely roughened, adhering to the grain; 5–7 nerved; 11–15 mm. long; compressed; concave in section. Seeds of Michigan Weeds Bulletin 260, Michigan State Agricultural College Experiment Station, Division of Botany, March, 1910 And what fine painting and tinting there is on the glumes and pales, stamens and feathery pistils. My First Summer in the Sierra The form of the flowering glume is very various, this organ being plastic and extensively modified in different genera. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 12, Slice 3 "Gordon, Lord George" to "Grasses" 2011-11-13T03:00:13.177Z Navicular, boat-shaped, like the glumes of most Grasses. The Elements of Botany For Beginners and For Schools Lower glumes boat-shaped, strongly compressed and keeled, nearly equal, united at base, equalling or exceeding the flowering glume, which is awned on the back below the middle; palet mostly wanting! The Manual of the Botany of the Northern United States Including the District East of the Mississippi and North of North Carolina and Tennessee 2012-04-12T02:00:30.140Z Floral glume extending beyond the grain, 5–7 nerved, 6–9 mm. long, grain rounded on the back, shape of a shallow boat, 6.5 mm. long, palea thin with comb-like teeth on the margins. Seeds of Michigan Weeds Bulletin 260, Michigan State Agricultural College Experiment Station, Division of Botany, March, 1910 Agrostis canina has a short, slender, projecting awn from one of the glumes; Agrostis vulgaris lacks this projecting awn. Garden and Forest Weekly, Volume 1 No. 1, February 29, 1888 In Tragus the glumes bear numerous short hooked bristles. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 12, Slice 3 "Gordon, Lord George" to "Grasses" 2011-11-13T03:00:13.177Z The two lower bracts are termed glumes, and have no flowers in their axils. The Plants of Michigan Simple Keys for the Identification of the Native Seed Plants of the State Root perennial; culm 2–4° high; leaves broad, flat; panicle elongated; glumes scarious, very unequal.—Meadows and lots; absurdly called Grass of the Andes. The Manual of the Botany of the Northern United States Including the District East of the Mississippi and North of North Carolina and Tennessee 2012-04-12T02:00:30.140Z The individual flowers are covered by glumes and are arranged spirally on the axis. Philippine Mats Philippine Craftsman Reprint Series No. 1 The ears are erect, about 2� in. long, the grains thinner and longer than in the two-rowed race, and the awns stiff and firmly adhering to the flowering glume. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 3, Part 1, Slice 3 "Banks" to "Bassoon" The flowering glume has generally a more or less boat-shaped form, is of firm consistence, and possesses a well-marked central midrib and frequently several lateral ones. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 12, Slice 3 "Gordon, Lord George" to "Grasses" 2011-11-13T03:00:13.177Z Above the glumes are two or more other bracts, the lemmas. The Plants of Michigan Simple Keys for the Identification of the Native Seed Plants of the State Lower flower perfect, its papery or thin-coriaceous glume awnless and pointless; the upper flower staminate, otherwise similar, but bearing a stout bent awn below the apex. The Manual of the Botany of the Northern United States Including the District East of the Mississippi and North of North Carolina and Tennessee 2012-04-12T02:00:30.140Z As the fruit matures, the glumes of the flowers become the “chaff” of the grain. Philippine Mats Philippine Craftsman Reprint Series No. 1 In both the fruits fall out freely from the glume, and in the latter the awns are three-pronged and shorter than the grain. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 3, Part 1, Slice 3 "Banks" to "Bassoon" They are the “glumes” of most writers, and together form what was called the “gluma” by R. Brown. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 12, Slice 3 "Gordon, Lord George" to "Grasses" 2011-11-13T03:00:13.177Z When mature, the grain and glumes drop off, or are pushed off, and go to the ground. Seed Dispersal Perennial, soft-downy and pale; panicle oblong; upper empty glume mucronate-awned under the apex; awn of the staminate flower curved.—Moist meadows. The Manual of the Botany of the Northern United States Including the District East of the Mississippi and North of North Carolina and Tennessee 2012-04-12T02:00:30.140Z The second and the third glumes are broadly ovate-oblong with acute tips. A Handbook of Some South Indian Grasses They give him delightful studies as he patiently compares their infinite variations of culms and glumes, spikes, racemes, and panicles. Some Spring Days in Iowa Fertile glumes generally shorter than the empty glumes, usually with a bent awn on the back. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 12, Slice 3 "Gordon, Lord George" to "Grasses" 2011-11-13T03:00:13.177Z Each spikelet with its chaff adheres to two empty glumes, stout, thick, and spongy, which make a safe double boat for transportation down stream whenever the water is high enough. Seed Dispersal Panicle dense and contracted, somewhat interrupted, rarely slender; the spikelets crowded on the short erect branches; upper glume rough on the back; flowers lance-oblong.—Dry soil, N. Penn. to Fla., Mich., and far westward. The Manual of the Botany of the Northern United States Including the District East of the Mississippi and North of North Carolina and Tennessee 2012-04-12T02:00:30.140Z Just opposite to the fourth glume there is a flat structure with two nerves, similar to the glume in texture. A Handbook of Some South Indian Grasses The varieties are very numerous; the natives distinguish them by the size and shape of their grain:— Binambang.—Leaves slightly hairy; glumes whitish; grows to the height of about five feet; flowers in December: aquatic. The Commercial Products of the Vegetable Kingdom Considered in Their Various Uses to Man and in Their Relation to the Arts and Manufactures; Forming a Practical Treatise & Handbook of Reference for the Colonist, Manufacturer, Merchant, and Consumer, on the Cultivation, Preparation for Shipment, and Commercial Value, &c. of the Various Substances Obtained From Trees and Plants, Entering into the Husbandry of Tropical and Sub-tropical Regions, &c. Fertile glumes generally longer than the empty, unawned or with a straight, terminal awn. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 12, Slice 3 "Gordon, Lord George" to "Grasses" 2011-11-13T03:00:13.177Z Thus as the glume is the pontifical robe of the grain, the beard is its apex. Roman Farm Management The Treatises of Cato and Varro Culm 1–2° high; leaves roughish; panicle open; glumes unequal, lanceolate, their midrib and the pedicels rough.—N. The Manual of the Botany of the Northern United States Including the District East of the Mississippi and North of North Carolina and Tennessee 2012-04-12T02:00:30.140Z Inside the fourth glume and between it and the palea there are three stamens and an ovary with two styles ending in feathery stigmas. A Handbook of Some South Indian Grasses The spikelets of this curious plant are oneflowered and provided with two linear glumes or outer scales. Species and Varieties, Their Origin by Mutation In many-flowered spikelets the rachilla is often jointed and breaks into as many pieces as there are fruits, each piece bearing a glume and pale. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 12, Slice 3 "Gordon, Lord George" to "Grasses" 2011-11-13T03:00:13.177Z The grain is that solid interior part of the spike, the glume is its hull and the beard those long thin needles which grow out of the glume. Roman Farm Management The Treatises of Cato and Varro Empty glumes keeled, pointless, rather unequal; flowering glume and palet pointless and awnless, the glume larger, boat-shaped. The Manual of the Botany of the Northern United States Including the District East of the Mississippi and North of North Carolina and Tennessee 2012-04-12T02:00:30.140Z In mature spikelets the grain which is free is enclosed by the fourth glume and its palea. A Handbook of Some South Indian Grasses The variety of grasses is very great; the most remarkable and succulent were two species of Anthistiria, the grass of the Isaacs, and a new one with articulate ears and rounded glumes. Journal of an Overland Expedition in Australia : from Moreton Bay to Port Essington, a distance of upwards of 3000 miles, during the years 1844-1845 Hilum a point; spikelets not laterally compressed. α Fertile glume and pale hyaline; empty glumes thick, membranous to coriaceous or cartilaginous, the lowest the largest. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 12, Slice 3 "Gordon, Lord George" to "Grasses" 2011-11-13T03:00:13.177Z The grain is fusiform, terete and within the nut-like polished hardened glume. A Handbook of Some South Indian Grasses Spikes 3–5; flowering glume smooth, longer than the blunt rudiment.—Penn., and southward, where it is cultivated for pasturage. The Manual of the Botany of the Northern United States Including the District East of the Mississippi and North of North Carolina and Tennessee 2012-04-12T02:00:30.140Z When there are three stamens one stands in front of the flowering glumes and the other two in front of the palea, one opposite each edge of the palea. A Handbook of Some South Indian Grasses Spikelets are binate, 1-flowered, all alike, both pedicelled, articulate at the base and hidden by the very long silky hairs arising from a small callus and from the glumes. A Handbook of Some South Indian Grasses Aristida and Stipa are large and widely distributed genera, occurring especially on open plains and steppes; the conspicuously awned persistent flowering glume forms an efficient means of dispersing the grain. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 12, Slice 3 "Gordon, Lord George" to "Grasses" 2011-11-13T03:00:13.177Z The third glume is shorter and smaller, hyaline. A Handbook of Some South Indian Grasses Empty glumes persistent, narrow, acuminate, more or less unequal, the longer usually a little shorter than the rather rigid acuminate flowering one. The Manual of the Botany of the Northern United States Including the District East of the Mississippi and North of North Carolina and Tennessee 2012-04-12T02:00:30.140Z It often extends beyond the insertion of the terminal flower and its glume, and then lies hidden appressed to the palea. A Handbook of Some South Indian Grasses The fourth glume is still smaller and hyaline. A Handbook of Some South Indian Grasses The second glume is as long as the first, with membranous margins and with long hairs at the back, 3- to 7-nerved. A Handbook of Some South Indian Grasses The third glume is hyaline, less than half as long as the first and second glumes, oblong, obtuse or irregularly toothed, nerveless or 1-nerved. A Handbook of Some South Indian Grasses Flowering glume oblong, turgid, and convex on the back; the flowers imbricated over one another before expansion; lower empty glume distinctly 3–5-nerved, the upper 5–9-nerved. The Manual of the Botany of the Northern United States Including the District East of the Mississippi and North of North Carolina and Tennessee 2012-04-12T02:00:30.140Z The embryo can be made out on the side of the grain facing the glume, as it is outlined as an oval area. A Handbook of Some South Indian Grasses The first glume is chartaceous, equal in length to the second, oblong or lanceolate. A Handbook of Some South Indian Grasses The fourth glume is very small or absent. A Handbook of Some South Indian Grasses Racemes two or three; the first glume of the sessile spikelet dorsally flat, not channelled or depressed along the middle line. A Handbook of Some South Indian Grasses Whole plant downy; panicle more erect, contracted in fruit; spikelets conical-ovate, somewhat flattened; flowers closely imbricated; glume acute, equalling the awn.—Wheat-fields, The Manual of the Botany of the Northern United States Including the District East of the Mississippi and North of North Carolina and Tennessee 2012-04-12T02:00:30.140Z The spikelets are all similar and consist of usually four glumes. A Handbook of Some South Indian Grasses First glume of sessile spikelets with nodulose margins. A Handbook of Some South Indian Grasses I. ciliare.Raceme solitary; the first glume of the sessile spikelet deeply grooved at the back along the middle line. A Handbook of Some South Indian Grasses The sessile spikelet is awned and consists of four glumes. A Handbook of Some South Indian Grasses Very similar to the last, but nearly glabrous or the sheaths sometimes hairy; glumes glabrous and shining. The Manual of the Botany of the Northern United States Including the District East of the Mississippi and North of North Carolina and Tennessee 2012-04-12T02:00:30.140Z Glumes awned or not, first and second glumes are opposite or subcollateral, persistent or separately deciduous; first glume minute or absent VIII. A Handbook of Some South Indian Grasses The other glumes are as in sessile spikelets, but the fourth glume has no awn and may have a mucro. A Handbook of Some South Indian Grasses The sessile spikelet consists of four glumes and is awned. A Handbook of Some South Indian Grasses The fourth glume is shorter than the third, deeply cleft into two lanceolate acute lobes, 3-veined at the base; awn up to about 2/3 inch long; palea is linear lanceolate. A Handbook of Some South Indian Grasses Flowering glume somewhat convex, but keeled and laterally more or less compressed, at least above; flowers soon separating from each other; lower empty glume 1-nerved, the upper 3-nerved, or with an obscure additional pair. The Manual of the Botany of the Northern United States Including the District East of the Mississippi and North of North Carolina and Tennessee 2012-04-12T02:00:30.140Z The first glume of the spikelet is the smallest. A Handbook of Some South Indian Grasses It is shorter than the sessile, with obscure transverse ridges and may consist of four glumes, but without an awn to the fourth glume; sometimes this spikelet is reduced to a single glume. A Handbook of Some South Indian Grasses The glumes are similar to those of the sessile spikelet; sometimes these spikelets are imperfect or even reduced to a single glume. A Handbook of Some South Indian Grasses The part of the pedicelled spikelet corresponding to the spikelet looks as if the margins of the first and second glumes are confluent all round. A Handbook of Some South Indian Grasses B. ásper, L. Culm slender and panicle smaller; spikelets 5–9-flowered; glume linear-lanceolate, scarcely keeled, hairy near the margins, rather longer than the awn; sheaths and lower leaves hairy or downy.—N. The Manual of the Botany of the Northern United States Including the District East of the Mississippi and North of North Carolina and Tennessee 2012-04-12T02:00:30.140Z In Panicum it is nearly two-thirds or less than the third glume. A Handbook of Some South Indian Grasses The second glume is thinner, dorsally gibbous, keeled, 5- to 9-nerved, beaked and minutely bifid. A Handbook of Some South Indian Grasses The sessile as well as the pedicelled spikelets have four glumes. A Handbook of Some South Indian Grasses The first glume is spreading or erect, chartaceous, many-nerved, two-toothed at the apex and with narrow hyaline margins from about the middle to the apex. A Handbook of Some South Indian Grasses Empty glumes side by side in front of the spikelets, 6 in number, forming a kind of involucre, slender and awn-pointed or bristle-form. The Manual of the Botany of the Northern United States Including the District East of the Mississippi and North of North Carolina and Tennessee 2012-04-12T02:00:30.140Z The second and the third glumes are more or less equal and similar in texture. A Handbook of Some South Indian Grasses The second glume is thinner than the first, broadly ovate, acute and gibbously convex. A Handbook of Some South Indian Grasses The third glume is hyaline, ovate, acute, male or neuter, with a membranous palea. A Handbook of Some South Indian Grasses The pedicelled spikelets are smaller than the sessile, male or neuter, with four glumes. A Handbook of Some South Indian Grasses Flower coriaceous; the glume rounded on the back, acute or awned at the apex. The Manual of the Botany of the Northern United States Including the District East of the Mississippi and North of North Carolina and Tennessee 2012-04-12T02:00:30.140Z Inflorescence racemed; glumes three; nerves of second glume five or less, side nerves curved 1. A Handbook of Some South Indian Grasses Spike solitary, the first glume of the sessile spikelet broadly winged. A Handbook of Some South Indian Grasses The third glume is hyaline, thin, oblong, obtuse and nerveless. A Handbook of Some South Indian Grasses The sessile spikelets are as long as the joint or slightly shorter and has four glumes. A Handbook of Some South Indian Grasses Flowering glume bearing a twisted, bent or straight awn on its back or below the apex. The Manual of the Botany of the Northern United States Including the District East of the Mississippi and North of North Carolina and Tennessee 2012-04-12T02:00:30.140Z Panicum.Inflorescence panicled, branches of panicle produced beyond the uppermost spikelet; glumes four, the first being minute and hyaline 5. A Handbook of Some South Indian Grasses The first glume closing the mouth of the cavity in the joint is obliquely oblong, obtuse, smooth with narrowly incurved margins. A Handbook of Some South Indian Grasses The first glume is obliquely oblong, coriaceous, smooth, obtuse, margins narrowly incurved, truncate and pitted at the base, 5- to 7-nerved. A Handbook of Some South Indian Grasses The second glume is as long as the first hyaline, oblong and obtuse. A Handbook of Some South Indian Grasses As Avena, but the 3 middle nerves of the flowering glume running into a flattish twisted awn from between the teeth. The Manual of the Botany of the Northern United States Including the District East of the Mississippi and North of North Carolina and Tennessee 2012-04-12T02:00:30.140Z There are three glumes, all more or less equal and similar. A Handbook of Some South Indian Grasses The third glume is like the second but thinner and slightly broader, paleate or not, empty. A Handbook of Some South Indian Grasses The second glume is chartaceous, immersed in the cavity of the joint, and filling the opening. A Handbook of Some South Indian Grasses The first glume is coriaceous or chartaceous, dorsally compressed, with incurved margins, usually 2-keeled. A Handbook of Some South Indian Grasses Flowering glumes rounded on the back, many-nerved, acuminate or bristle-pointed; empty glumes very small. The Manual of the Botany of the Northern United States Including the District East of the Mississippi and North of North Carolina and Tennessee 2012-04-12T02:00:30.140Z Sometimes the spikelets show variation in the number of glumes. A Handbook of Some South Indian Grasses The third glume is hyaline, empty, nerveless and without a palea. A Handbook of Some South Indian Grasses The fourth glume is hyaline, narrow or broad, 2-fid and awned, or reduced to an awn more or less dilated at the base, paleate or not. A Handbook of Some South Indian Grasses Racemes solitary, pedicelled spikelets similar to the sessile, glume 1 of sessile spikelets pitted. A Handbook of Some South Indian Grasses Panicle branched, the clusters open in anthesis; glumes not winged on the back. The Manual of the Botany of the Northern United States Including the District East of the Mississippi and North of North Carolina and Tennessee 2012-04-12T02:00:30.140Z There are usually four dissimilar glumes in the spikelet. A Handbook of Some South Indian Grasses Racemes many, fascicled or panicled, glume I of sessile spikelets glabrous and pitted. A Handbook of Some South Indian Grasses Margin of glume 1 of the pedicelled spikelet unequally winged; ligule is a broad truncate membrane. A Handbook of Some South Indian Grasses The pedicelled spikelets have only two glumes and contain three stamens. A Handbook of Some South Indian Grasses Outer glumes unequal, often bristle-pointed; the flowering glume tipped with three awns; the palet much smaller. The Manual of the Botany of the Northern United States Including the District East of the Mississippi and North of North Carolina and Tennessee 2012-04-12T02:00:30.140Z The first glume is hyaline very minute, sometimes absent in the same species. A Handbook of Some South Indian Grasses The first glume is narrow, linear, membranous, grooved, finely bicuspidate at the apex, with incurved margins and two nerves ending in tubercles below. A Handbook of Some South Indian Grasses The second glume is a little longer than the first, narrow, lanceolate, boat-shaped, thinly coriaceous with membranous margins, 1-nerved and shortly awned. A Handbook of Some South Indian Grasses The second glume is lanceolate-acuminate and finely pointed at the tip and the point projecting slightly beyond the first glume, 3-nerved or 3- to 5-nerved, membranous, slightly hairy or glabrous, obscurely keeled. A Handbook of Some South Indian Grasses Flower very short-stalked or sessile, the glume and palet usually minutely bearded at base, herbaceous, deciduous with the enclosed grain, often equal, the glume 3-nerved, mucronate or awned at the apex. The Manual of the Botany of the Northern United States Including the District East of the Mississippi and North of North Carolina and Tennessee 2012-04-12T02:00:30.140Z There are four glumes including the minute glume. A Handbook of Some South Indian Grasses The third glume is broadly oblong, hyaline, nerveless or rarely with two obscure veins ciliolate at the margins and acute or acuminate. A Handbook of Some South Indian Grasses The fourth glume has no mucro or awn and has three stamens. A Handbook of Some South Indian Grasses The first glume is coriaceous, linear-oblong, strongly compressed above and with a few stiff short bristles beneath the tip. A Handbook of Some South Indian Grasses ARÚNDO, L. Flowers all perfect; flowering glume bifid, short-awned between the teeth. The Manual of the Botany of the Northern United States Including the District East of the Mississippi and North of North Carolina and Tennessee 2012-04-12T02:00:30.140Z The first glume is a very minute scale. A Handbook of Some South Indian Grasses The second glume is linear, oblong, coriaceous, with an awn as long as itself or shorter, keeled and with short stiff bristles on the keel and on the sides above the middle. A Handbook of Some South Indian Grasses The first glume is chartaceous, laterally compressed, obscurely 4-nerved, glabrous below, hispid near the apex, minutely 2-toothed or not at the apex, not awned or rarely with a short awn. A Handbook of Some South Indian Grasses The second glume is chartaceous, distinctly awned, the awn being as long as the glume or longer, hispid above and at the sides also. A Handbook of Some South Indian Grasses Taller, 2½–4° high, with mostly broader leaves and a more usually compound and many-flowered panicle; lower glumes more unequal, the outer very broad; fertile flowers usually 3; flowering glumes somewhat scabrous and more acute. The Manual of the Botany of the Northern United States Including the District East of the Mississippi and North of North Carolina and Tennessee 2012-04-12T02:00:30.140Z The second glume is about half as long as the third glume, membranous, usually 3-nerved and sometimes 3- to 5-nerved, distinctly ciliate. A Handbook of Some South Indian Grasses The first glume is about 3/8 inch, ciliate, along the inflexed margin, 7-nerved, awned; awn equal to or longer than the glume. A Handbook of Some South Indian Grasses The fourth glume is narrow, ciliate, nerveless or rarely 1-nerved, erose or bifid at the top. A Handbook of Some South Indian Grasses The second glume is lanceolate, acuminate, with thinly ciliate hyaline margins, 3-nerved. A Handbook of Some South Indian Grasses Empty glumes ovate, much shorter than the flowers, coriaceous; the lower much smaller; flowering glume ovate, convex on the back, rigidly coriaceous, its 3 nerves terminating in a strong and abrupt cuspidate or awl-shaped tip. The Manual of the Botany of the Northern United States Including the District East of the Mississippi and North of North Carolina and Tennessee 2012-04-12T02:00:30.140Z The third glume is oblong-lanceolate, acute, membranous, 3- to 5-nerved, sparingly hairy in the lower spikelet and densely bearded with soft spreading hairs in the upper spikelet. A Handbook of Some South Indian Grasses The third glume is shorter than the second, narrow, hyaline, ciliate at the margins, 2-nerved. A Handbook of Some South Indian Grasses The fourth glume is the base of the awn, 3/4 to 1 inch, scaberulous. A Handbook of Some South Indian Grasses The pedicelled spikelets are either male or neuter and consist of four glumes. A Handbook of Some South Indian Grasses Aug.—Glumes of the pistillate flowers more rigid and almost keeled; stigmas very long, plumose; the staminate glumes smaller and somewhat rounded on the back. The Manual of the Botany of the Northern United States Including the District East of the Mississippi and North of North Carolina and Tennessee 2012-04-12T02:00:30.140Z The second glume is shorter than the third and narrower, 5-nerved, ciliate, acute or sometimes with two fine teeth. A Handbook of Some South Indian Grasses The third glume is hyaline, nerveless and ciliate. A Handbook of Some South Indian Grasses The pedicelled spikelets are male and consist of only three glumes. A Handbook of Some South Indian Grasses The fourth glume is reduced to an awn, 3 inches or more in length. A Handbook of Some South Indian Grasses Grain flattened parallel with the glumes, adhering to the palet.—Leaves flat; panicle loose, diffuse, with large showy spikelets often drooping on delicate pedicels. The Manual of the Botany of the Northern United States Including the District East of the Mississippi and North of North Carolina and Tennessee 2012-04-12T02:00:30.140Z There are three glumes in the spikelet corresponding to the second, third and fourth glumes of a Panicum, the first glume being obsolete. A Handbook of Some South Indian Grasses The second glume is oblong lanceolate, acuminate, 5-nerved, thinly ciliate with hyaline margins. A Handbook of Some South Indian Grasses The third glume is linear oblong, hyaline, obtuse, ciliate, nerveless. A Handbook of Some South Indian Grasses The first glume is oblong, lanceolate, dorsally flattened, many-nerved, margins narrowly incurved and keels narrowly winged. A Handbook of Some South Indian Grasses Characters as in Glyceria, but the flowering glumes inconspicuously or obsoletely 5-nerved; squamulæ thin and distinct; stigmas sessile and simply plumose; grain compressed, often broadly furrowed.—Mostly saline species; perennial. The Manual of the Botany of the Northern United States Including the District East of the Mississippi and North of North Carolina and Tennessee 2012-04-12T02:00:30.140Z The first glume is membranous, ovate-lanceolate, acute, about 1/3 the length of the spikelet or very much less, 3-nerved, densely ciliate along the margins and silkily hairy between the nerves. A Handbook of Some South Indian Grasses The third glume is hyaline, smaller than the second, 1-nerved or this glume may be absent, stamens have large anthers. A Handbook of Some South Indian Grasses The pedicelled spikelets are similar to the involucral in every respect but smaller, male or neuter, but the first glume is not winged on the keels. A Handbook of Some South Indian Grasses The second glume is as long as the first, linear, dorsally chartaceous, with broadly incurved membranous margins, 3-nerved. A Handbook of Some South Indian Grasses Root perennial; glume shorter than the spikelet; flowers 8–15, awnless or sometimes short-awned.—Fields and lots; eastward. The Manual of the Botany of the Northern United States Including the District East of the Mississippi and North of North Carolina and Tennessee 2012-04-12T02:00:30.140Z A portion of the spike; 2. the first glume; 3 and 4. the second and third glumes; 5 and 6. the fourth glume and its palea; 7. lodicules, ovary and stamens. A Handbook of Some South Indian Grasses The second glume is as long as the first, linear, hyaline, 3-nerved, chartaceous at the back with the sides membranous and incurved. A Handbook of Some South Indian Grasses The fourth glume is the narrowed base of the awn which is 1/2 inch long. A Handbook of Some South Indian Grasses Involucral spikelets have 3 or 2 glumes, the first two glumes are somewhat similar, the first 3- to 5-nerved and the second 3-nerved, the third glume is one nerved and hyaline. A Handbook of Some South Indian Grasses A tall form, rather bright green, bears awns nearly as long as the glumes. The Manual of the Botany of the Northern United States Including the District East of the Mississippi and North of North Carolina and Tennessee 2012-04-12T02:00:30.140Z There are three glumes with a rudimentary first glume. A Handbook of Some South Indian Grasses The first glume is elliptic-lanceolate, apex drawn into a long narrow strip ending in two teeth or truncate, sparsely ciliate at the margins about the middle, faintly 3-nerved. A Handbook of Some South Indian Grasses The second glume is shorter than the first, lanceolate, drawn out into an acuminate point at the apex, hairy at the back. A Handbook of Some South Indian Grasses The third glume is hyaline, short, oblong, apex broad and irregularly toothed, nerveless. A Handbook of Some South Indian Grasses Spike short, dense, strict and rigid, usually tinged with violet or purple; spikelets 3–5-flowered; glumes conspicuously 5-nerved, rather abruptly narrowed into a cusp or short awn. The Manual of the Botany of the Northern United States Including the District East of the Mississippi and North of North Carolina and Tennessee 2012-04-12T02:00:30.140Z Grain is free and enclosed by the hardened fourth glume and its palea. A Handbook of Some South Indian Grasses The spikelets are usually 1-flowered and the rachilla is jointed at the base just above the empty glumes and it is not produced beyond the flowering glume. A Handbook of Some South Indian Grasses There are only three glumes in the spikelet. A Handbook of Some South Indian Grasses The third glume is thin and membranous, awnless. A Handbook of Some South Indian Grasses Flowers in the axils of chaffy scales or glumes arranged in spikes or spikelets, without evident perianth; stamens 1–3; ovary 1-celled, 1-seeded; seed albuminous. The Manual of the Botany of the Northern United States Including the District East of the Mississippi and North of North Carolina and Tennessee 2012-04-12T02:00:30.140Z Annuals; first glume nearly 3/4 of the third glume. A Handbook of Some South Indian Grasses The rachilla is jointed just above the empty glumes and it is produced or not beyond the flowering glumes. A Handbook of Some South Indian Grasses Spikelets 2- or more-flowered, glumes five or more, awned, upper flowers imperfect. A Handbook of Some South Indian Grasses The first and the second glumes are narrow, keeled, 1-nerved, awned or not and persistent. A Handbook of Some South Indian Grasses Flowers destitute of proper perianth, except sometimes small scales or bristles, but covered by scale-like bracts or glumes. The Manual of the Botany of the Northern United States Including the District East of the Mississippi and North of North Carolina and Tennessee 2012-04-12T02:00:30.140Z P. trypheron.Perennials; first glume less than 1/3 of the third glume. A Handbook of Some South Indian Grasses The third glume is very narrow, cylindric, coriaceous, convolute, acuminate, 3-nerved, tip produced into a long 3-partite, naked or hairy awn twisted below the branches, with a minute palea which is convolute round the ovary. A Handbook of Some South Indian Grasses Annual; panicle lax, narrow; glumes I and II awned. A Handbook of Some South Indian Grasses The third glume is 5/8 inch long, 3-nerved, nearly smooth. A Handbook of Some South Indian Grasses Flowering glume coriaceous, at length involute so as closely to enclose the equal palet and the oblong grain; a simple untwisted and deciduous awn jointed on its apex. The Manual of the Botany of the Northern United States Including the District East of the Mississippi and North of North Carolina and Tennessee 2012-04-12T02:00:30.140Z The first glume is very small, membranous, glabrous, broader than long, cordate or triangular, broadly but shallowly emarginate, nerveless or very obscurely 1- to 2-nerved. A Handbook of Some South Indian Grasses The callus of the third glume is long, densely silkily hairy with three awns not jointed at the base with the glume; awns about 1 inch or more. A Handbook of Some South Indian Grasses Panicle rather narrow with short capillary branches; glumes I and II nerveless. A Handbook of Some South Indian Grasses A portion of a branch; 2. a spikelet; 3, 4 and 5. the first, second and the third glume, respectively; 6. palea of the third glume; 7. anthers and the ovary. A Handbook of Some South Indian Grasses Grain not grooved, enclosed in its glume and palet, all deciduous together. The Manual of the Botany of the Northern United States Including the District East of the Mississippi and North of North Carolina and Tennessee 2012-04-12T02:00:30.140Z The second glume is pale or purplish, 5-nerved, hairy, as long as the third glume, membranous, oblong and obtuse. A Handbook of Some South Indian Grasses Spike; 2. spikelet; 3 and 4. first and second glumes; 5 and 6. third glume and its palea; 7. ovary and anthers. A Handbook of Some South Indian Grasses There are three glumes in the spikelet, and all the glumes are membranous and thin. A Handbook of Some South Indian Grasses The first glume is a little shorter than the second and about two-third the length of the third glume and 1-nerved. A Handbook of Some South Indian Grasses Erect culms and appressed leaves more slender than in the preceding; panicle exserted, very simple and narrow; spikelets smaller, the lower glumes acuminate, little shorter than the cuspidate upper one. The Manual of the Botany of the Northern United States Including the District East of the Mississippi and North of North Carolina and Tennessee 2012-04-12T02:00:30.140Z The fourth glume is oblong, rounded, coriaceous, smooth, shining, dorsally flattened, 3- or indistinctly 5-nerved; palea is similar to the glume in texture and with folded margins. A Handbook of Some South Indian Grasses The first glume is very small, hyaline, ovate, obtuse, occasionally truncate or acute, about one-fifth of the third glume or less. A Handbook of Some South Indian Grasses There are three glumes, the first two being empty. A Handbook of Some South Indian Grasses The spikelets have usually four, and rarely six glumes and very often the rachilla is produced beyond the fourth glume. A Handbook of Some South Indian Grasses Empty glumes somewhat equal, or the lower rather longer, usually longer than the flowering one, pointless. The Manual of the Botany of the Northern United States Including the District East of the Mississippi and North of North Carolina and Tennessee 2012-04-12T02:00:30.140Z The second glume is broadly ovate, obtuse, concave, larger than the first glume and nearly equal to or shorter than the fourth glume, 7-nerved, rarely 7- to 9-nerved, nerves are anastomosing, tip rounded. A Handbook of Some South Indian Grasses The fourth glume is similar to the third but smaller and male. A Handbook of Some South Indian Grasses The fifth and sixth glumes when present are small and empty. A Handbook of Some South Indian Grasses Stems stout; leaves not filiform; tip of glume III entire 1. A Handbook of Some South Indian Grasses Panicle loose and more slender, the branches nearly capillary and drooping in flower; pedicels very rough; glumes thinner, the lower less unequal; spikelets 1½–2´´ long; palet obtuse. The Manual of the Botany of the Northern United States Including the District East of the Mississippi and North of North Carolina and Tennessee 2012-04-12T02:00:30.140Z The anthers are yellow and they do not open until the stigmas and anthers of the fourth glume are thrown out. A Handbook of Some South Indian Grasses G. nutans.Stems slender, leaves filiform; tip of glume III toothed 2. A Handbook of Some South Indian Grasses The spikelets are closely appressed and each one has four glumes. A Handbook of Some South Indian Grasses The second glume is also coriaceous, narrowed to an awn but has broad hyaline margins towards the base. A Handbook of Some South Indian Grasses Culms tufted, low; leaves short, very narrow; spikelets few, 3–5´´ long, subspicate; flowering glume loosely hairy, its teeth short and pointless.—Dry and sterile or rocky soil. The Manual of the Botany of the Northern United States Including the District East of the Mississippi and North of North Carolina and Tennessee 2012-04-12T02:00:30.140Z The fourth glume is coriaceous, broadly ovate, tip acutely pointed and almost cuspidate or acute, mucronate, white or brownish, reticulately minutely pitted. A Handbook of Some South Indian Grasses Spikelets are 2-flowered, narrow, biseriate, unilateral, imbricate on the rachis of a solitary spike; the rachilla is elongate between the flowering glumes and produced beyond them and terminates in a rudimentary awned glume. A Handbook of Some South Indian Grasses The third and the fourth glumes are chartaceous, narrowly lanceolate, 3-nerved, bicuspidate and awned below the tip; awns are capillary, straight; the callus is bearded and articulate at the base. A Handbook of Some South Indian Grasses The third glume as well as the fourth glume contains a perfect flower and the grain is developed always in the third and mostly in the fourth also. A Handbook of Some South Indian Grasses Flowering glume awnless, in fruit more rigid than the empty glumes. The Manual of the Botany of the Northern United States Including the District East of the Mississippi and North of North Carolina and Tennessee 2012-04-12T02:00:30.140Z Front and back views of spike; 3. spikelet; 4 and 5. first and second glumes; 6 and 7. third glume and its palea; 8. fourth glume, front and back view; 9. ovary, anthers and lodicules. A Handbook of Some South Indian Grasses Hairs on the margins and keels of glume III pointed and not clavate. A Handbook of Some South Indian Grasses Hairs on the margins and keels of glume III clavellate and pointed at the apex. A Handbook of Some South Indian Grasses The first and second glumes are shorter than the third, empty, ovate-lanceolate, acute, membranous with one thick green nerve in the middle, keeled, upper margin and keel scaberulous. A Handbook of Some South Indian Grasses Annual, 1–2° high; spike oval; empty glumes white with green veins, the rudimentary ones small lanceolate scales.—Waste places and roadsides; rare. The Manual of the Botany of the Northern United States Including the District East of the Mississippi and North of North Carolina and Tennessee 2012-04-12T02:00:30.140Z The third glume is similar to the second, broadly ovate-lanceolate, awned, awn 1/8 to 1/4 inch, paleate with usually three stamens, occasionally neuter. A Handbook of Some South Indian Grasses The second glume is usually a little longer than the first, but occasionally also slightly shorter than the first. A Handbook of Some South Indian Grasses The first and the second glumes are lanceolate acute or acuminate, 1-nerved, keeled, keel obscurely scabrid, very unequal, the first glume being always shorter than the second glume. A Handbook of Some South Indian Grasses Compared with Cynodon Barberi, this plant is more extensively creeping with longer slender branches and the leaves are usually very much longer, and the third glume is longer than the second. A Handbook of Some South Indian Grasses Basal glumes persistent, carinate, acute, somewhat 3-nerved, equalling or exceeding the spikelet.—Perennials; leaves flat. The Manual of the Botany of the Northern United States Including the District East of the Mississippi and North of North Carolina and Tennessee 2012-04-12T02:00:30.140Z The first glume is membranous, broadly ovate, obtuse with margins overlapping at the base, hardly half the length of the third glume, usually 5-nerved but occasionally 7-nerved. A Handbook of Some South Indian Grasses The first glume is lanceolate, acute, shorter than the second, with a keel which is scabrid. A Handbook of Some South Indian Grasses The second glume is lanceolate, acuminate, equal to or a little longer than the third glume with a scabrid keel. A Handbook of Some South Indian Grasses Rachilla produced beyond the flowering glumes and bearing awns with rudimentary glumes. A Handbook of Some South Indian Grasses Fertile glumes coriaceous, cylindrical-involute and closely embracing the smaller palet and the cylindrical grain, having a long and twisted or tortuous simple awn jointed with its apex. The Manual of the Botany of the Northern United States Including the District East of the Mississippi and North of North Carolina and Tennessee 2012-04-12T02:00:30.140Z Front and back view of a spikelet; 3. first glume; 4. second glume; 5. third glume; 6. palea of third glume; 7 and 8. the fourth glume and its palea; 9. ovary, lodicules and stamens. A Handbook of Some South Indian Grasses Spikes 4 to 10, long, whorled; spikelets narrow fusiform; glume III oblong lanceolate. A Handbook of Some South Indian Grasses Spikes 6 to 9; spikelets 2-awned; glume III ovate, bearded with long hairs above the middle. A Handbook of Some South Indian Grasses The first glume is very small linear-lanceolate, acute, about 1/10 inch or less. A Handbook of Some South Indian Grasses A stout strict much-branched leafy form, the lower glumes but little longer than the flower. The Manual of the Botany of the Northern United States Including the District East of the Mississippi and North of North Carolina and Tennessee 2012-04-12T02:00:30.140Z The first glume is hyaline, membranous, about 1/3 the length of the third glume, broadly ovate or orbicular, obtuse, 5-nerved. A Handbook of Some South Indian Grasses The second glume is lanceolate, membranous, three times the length of the first glume, 2-toothed at the apex and the mid-nerve produced into a very short awn. A Handbook of Some South Indian Grasses The third glume is oblong-lanceolate as long as the second glume or longer, 2-toothed at the apex, awned, the awn being about 3/8 inch long; the callus is bearded at the base. A Handbook of Some South Indian Grasses The fourth glume is very minute, awned and is borne by a rachilla produced to half the length of the third glume. A Handbook of Some South Indian Grasses Panicle 6–15´ long, rather dense, the branches and pedicels spreading in flower, afterward erect; spikelets 2½–3´´ long.; awn of the glume either obsolete or manifest.—Moist woods and shaded swamps; rather common. The Manual of the Botany of the Northern United States Including the District East of the Mississippi and North of North Carolina and Tennessee 2012-04-12T02:00:30.140Z The first glume is very small, hyaline, suborbicular, nerveless and truncate. A Handbook of Some South Indian Grasses The fourth glume is nearly half or a little more than half of the third glume, narrower, paleate; palea is elliptic. A Handbook of Some South Indian Grasses The succeeding glumes fifth to the eighth are similar to the fourth in shape but they get smaller and smaller and the last glume is epaleate. A Handbook of Some South Indian Grasses The fourth glume is borne by a short rachilla which is about 1/3 the length of the third glume or less, shorter than the third, cuneiform, empty and awned. A Handbook of Some South Indian Grasses A. præ̀cox, L. Culms tufted, 3–4´ high; branches of the small and dense panicle appressed; awn from below the middle of the glume.—Sandy fields, N. J. to Va.; rare. The Manual of the Botany of the Northern United States Including the District East of the Mississippi and North of North Carolina and Tennessee 2012-04-12T02:00:30.140Z The second glume is the longest, green, membranous, narrowly lanceolate, acuminate or narrowed into a rigid awn, 7- to 11-nerved. A Handbook of Some South Indian Grasses Spikelets are flat, densely crowded on one side of the floral axis, spreading at right angles, 3- to 5-flowered, glumes five to seven. A Handbook of Some South Indian Grasses Spikelets are small, biseriate and crowded on one side of the spike and not jointed at the base; rachilla is slender, jointed and produced beyond the flowering glumes and bearing an imperfect glume. A Handbook of Some South Indian Grasses The first two glumes are the longest, lanceolate, 1-nerved, keeled and awned. A Handbook of Some South Indian Grasses Empty glumes persistent, membranaceous and shining, carinate, acute, nearly equal; flowering glumes toothed or erose-denticulate at the truncate summit, usually delicately 3–5-nerved, with a slender twisted awn near or below the middle. The Manual of the Botany of the Northern United States Including the District East of the Mississippi and North of North Carolina and Tennessee 2012-04-12T02:00:30.140Z The first glume is shorter than the second, ovate, obtuse, 7- to 9-nerved. A Handbook of Some South Indian Grasses The front and back view of a portion of a spike; 3. spikelet; 4, 5 and 6. the first, second and third glumes; 7. palea of the third glume; 8. lodicules, ovary and stamens. A Handbook of Some South Indian Grasses There are usually five glumes in a spikelet and in some four or six. A Handbook of Some South Indian Grasses Two spikelets; 2 and 3. empty glumes; 4. empty glumes with two flowering glumes and their palea; 5. flowering glumes and palea; 6. ovary and two stamens; 7. grain. A Handbook of Some South Indian Grasses Culms 8–15´ high, weak; leaves flat, rather wide; panicle of few spreading branches; awn stout, twice longer than the nerveless truncate ciliolate-denticulate glume. The Manual of the Botany of the Northern United States Including the District East of the Mississippi and North of North Carolina and Tennessee 2012-04-12T02:00:30.140Z The fourth glume is coriaceous, ovate-lanceolate, nearly as long as the second glume, awned at the apex, paleate, with three stamens and an ovary; the palea is as long as the glume, elliptic oblong, obtuse. A Handbook of Some South Indian Grasses A portion of a branch with spikelets; 2. a single spikelet; 3 and 4. empty glumes; 5. and 6. a flowering glume and its palea; 7. lodicules, stamens and ovary; 8. grain. A Handbook of Some South Indian Grasses Spikelet; 2 and 3. the first and the second glume; 4 and 5. flowering glume and its palea; 6. stamens, ovary and lodicules. A Handbook of Some South Indian Grasses A branch with spikelets; 2 and 3. empty glumes; 4 and 5. flowering glume and its palea; 6. grain. A Handbook of Some South Indian Grasses Spikelets 2–many-flowered, panicled; the flowers herbaceo-chartaceous, or becoming harder, of firmer texture than the large and mostly unequal empty glumes; the uppermost flower imperfect; rhachis and base of the flower often bearded. The Manual of the Botany of the Northern United States Including the District East of the Mississippi and North of North Carolina and Tennessee 2012-04-12T02:00:30.140Z The first glume is the shortest, equal to about half the length of the third, membranous, 3- to 5-nerved. A Handbook of Some South Indian Grasses A portion of a branch with spikelets; 2 and 3. empty glumes; 4. flowering glumes; 5. palea; 6. grain. A Handbook of Some South Indian Grasses The empty glumes are hyaline, very unequal, nerveless or the second which is ovate-lanceolate and larger than the first faintly 1-nerved. A Handbook of Some South Indian Grasses The second glume is linear-lanceolate, rigid, empty, persistent recurved when old, tip obtuse or emarginate. A Handbook of Some South Indian Grasses Flowering glume rounded on the back, mostly 5–11-nerved, bearing a long usually bent or twisted awn on the back or between the two acute teeth at the apex, proceeding from the mid-nerve only. The Manual of the Botany of the Northern United States Including the District East of the Mississippi and North of North Carolina and Tennessee 2012-04-12T02:00:30.140Z The third glume more or less exceeding and resembling the second glume, neuter, rarely paleate and male. A Handbook of Some South Indian Grasses Spike; 2. spikelet; 3 and 4. empty glumes; 5. flowering glume; 6 and 7. flowering glume and its palea; 8. the ovary, stamens and lodicules. A Handbook of Some South Indian Grasses Each of these spikelets consists of four green membranous structures called glumes. A Handbook of Some South Indian Grasses The first two glumes are unequal, the first being very small. A Handbook of Some South Indian Grasses Culms often creeping at base; leaves ciliate at base; spikes 4–5; lower glume awned and the flowering one pointed. The Manual of the Botany of the Northern United States Including the District East of the Mississippi and North of North Carolina and Tennessee 2012-04-12T02:00:30.140Z The first glume is less than half the length of the third glume, broadly ovate, hyaline, 3-nerved. A Handbook of Some South Indian Grasses The fourth glume is membranous when young, but later on it becomes thick, coriaceous and rugose at the surface. A Handbook of Some South Indian Grasses The fourth glume and its palea adhere together by their margins. A Handbook of Some South Indian Grasses The third glume contains no flower in it, but occasionally there may be in its axil three stamens. A Handbook of Some South Indian Grasses Middle glumes mere rudiments each side of the shining triandrous flower. The Manual of the Botany of the Northern United States Including the District East of the Mississippi and North of North Carolina and Tennessee 2012-04-12T02:00:30.140Z The fourth glume is coriaceous, broadly elliptic, obtuse, dorsally convex, transversely rugose, pale. A Handbook of Some South Indian Grasses The first two glumes are always empty and so they are called empty glumes. A Handbook of Some South Indian Grasses Empty glumes; 3, 4, 5, and 6. flowering glumes with flowers. A Handbook of Some South Indian Grasses In this spikelet the rachilla bears a number of glumes alternating and imbricating. A Handbook of Some South Indian Grasses Lower glumes united at base, the flowering awned on the back. The Manual of the Botany of the Northern United States Including the District East of the Mississippi and North of North Carolina and Tennessee 2012-04-12T02:00:30.140Z The first glume is very small, broadly ovate, acute, hyaline, faintly 3-nerved. A Handbook of Some South Indian Grasses The first two glumes at the base of the spikelet do not bear any flowers and so these two glumes are usually called empty glumes. A Handbook of Some South Indian Grasses The third and the subsequent glumes are regularly arranged on the slender rachilla alternately in two rows. A Handbook of Some South Indian Grasses In the axils of each of these glumes there is a flower, except perhaps in the topmost glume. A Handbook of Some South Indian Grasses Lower glumes unequal, persistent, usually minute, or the lower one almost obsolete. The Manual of the Botany of the Northern United States Including the District East of the Mississippi and North of North Carolina and Tennessee 2012-04-12T02:00:30.140Z There are usually four glumes in a spikelet. A Handbook of Some South Indian Grasses The flower is usually enclosed by the glume and another structure found opposite the glume and differing very much from the glume. A Handbook of Some South Indian Grasses Generally there are two nerves in a palea and its margins are enclosed within those of the glume. A Handbook of Some South Indian Grasses The spikelets in grasses of several genera consist of only four glumes. A Handbook of Some South Indian Grasses Resembling n. 3, but the culms decumbent at base and matted, the leaves short and usually widely spreading, and the lower glumes barely acute, not half the length of the upper one.—W. The Manual of the Botany of the Northern United States Including the District East of the Mississippi and North of North Carolina and Tennessee 2012-04-12T02:00:30.140Z The second glume is shorter than the third, membranous, 3- to 5-nerved, rarely wanting. A Handbook of Some South Indian Grasses As usual the first two glumes are empty and the remaining two are flower-bearing glumes. A Handbook of Some South Indian Grasses The glumes of a spikelet are really modified bracts and some differentiate the flowering glumes from the empty ones, by giving them different names. A Handbook of Some South Indian Grasses The first two empty glumes are called glumes by all agrostologists. A Handbook of Some South Indian Grasses Culm and rootstocks stouter than in C. stricta; the narrow panicle less dense, and purplish spikelets larger; glumes fully 2´´ long, tapering to a point; awn from much below the middle of the glume, stout. The Manual of the Botany of the Northern United States Including the District East of the Mississippi and North of North Carolina and Tennessee 2012-04-12T02:00:30.140Z The third glume is as long as the fourth, lanceolate, paleate or not, male or empty. A Handbook of Some South Indian Grasses Some American Authors have recently adopted for the flowering glume the term lemma introduced by Piper. A Handbook of Some South Indian Grasses Considerable variation is met with in the case of the empty glumes. A Handbook of Some South Indian Grasses Very often the first glume becomes very small and it may be altogether absent. A Handbook of Some South Indian Grasses Panicle spike-like, one-sided, or more compound and open; spikelets 7–13-flowered; awn 1–3´´ long or more, usually shorter than or about equalling the glume; stamens 2.—Dry sterile soil, especially southward. The Manual of the Botany of the Northern United States Including the District East of the Mississippi and North of North Carolina and Tennessee 2012-04-12T02:00:30.140Z Grain is oblong, free within the hardened fourth glume and its palea. A Handbook of Some South Indian Grasses In some species of Panicum the first glume is very small, in Digitaria it is very minute and in Paspalum and Eriochloa it is entirely suppressed. A Handbook of Some South Indian Grasses The flowering glumes are generally uniform when there are many. A Handbook of Some South Indian Grasses In the spikelet having only four glumes the fourth glume differs from the others mainly in texture. A Handbook of Some South Indian Grasses Empty glumes transverse, narrow, rigid, 5-nerved, the flowering much shorter, thin and hyaline.—Low annuals, branching at the base, with narrow leaves and rigid often curved spikes. The Manual of the Botany of the Northern United States Including the District East of the Mississippi and North of North Carolina and Tennessee 2012-04-12T02:00:30.140Z The second glume is about 1/3 the length of the third glume, lanceolate, acuminate, 3-nerved. A Handbook of Some South Indian Grasses Flowering glumes instead of being like empty glumes, become very thin, shorter and hyaline in Andropogon. A Handbook of Some South Indian Grasses All of them may be awned as in Chloris or only the fourth glume as in Andropogon. A Handbook of Some South Indian Grasses The palea can easily be distinguished from the glume, because its insertion in the spikelet is different from that of the glume. A Handbook of Some South Indian Grasses The function of the lodicules seems to be to separate the glume and its palea so as to enable the stamens to come out and hang freely at the time of anthesis. A Handbook of Some South Indian Grasses The second glume is a little longer than the first, ovate, acute, about half of the third glume, hyaline, 1 to 3-nerved. A Handbook of Some South Indian Grasses This prolonged rachilla sometimes bears a minute glume, which is of course rudimentary. A Handbook of Some South Indian Grasses But the rachilla of the spikelet may be jointed just above the empty glumes or between the flowering glumes. A Handbook of Some South Indian Grasses The fourth glume becomes firm and rigid along with its palea and usually encloses the grain. A Handbook of Some South Indian Grasses Paspalum.Inflorescence digitate; glumes three with a minute glume; nerves of second glume five to seven, straight and prominent 2. A Handbook of Some South Indian Grasses The third glume is longer than the second with male flower or not, paleate. A Handbook of Some South Indian Grasses Glumes four, second glume broadly fimbriate with hairs; palea of the third glume short and deeply cleft, fourth glume awned 7. A Handbook of Some South Indian Grasses The first and the second glumes are membranous, alike and as long as the third, the second glume is usually epaleate and occasionally with a minute palea. A Handbook of Some South Indian Grasses The first glume is very minute and hyaline. A Handbook of Some South Indian Grasses The third glume is apiculate, hardened in fruit. A Handbook of Some South Indian Grasses The spikelets are about 1/6 inch long, sub-globose, with four glumes. A Handbook of Some South Indian Grasses The first glume is membranous, covered densely with silky hairs, ovate-lanceolate, acuminate, tip very minutely 3-toothed with three to five fine nerves. A Handbook of Some South Indian Grasses The fourth glume is chartaceous, shining, smooth ovate-oblong, apex cuspidate, with a few hairs on the edges at the apex, faintly 5-nerved. A Handbook of Some South Indian Grasses The anthers within this glume come out before those of the third glume. A Handbook of Some South Indian Grasses The fourth glume is coriaceous, shining, turgid, broadly ovate, acute, paleate. A Handbook of Some South Indian Grasses The second glume is broadly ovate, 1/6 inch long, hyaline, acute, 1-nerved. A Handbook of Some South Indian Grasses The first glume is very short about 1/4 of the third or less, semilunar, membranous, hyaline, subtruncate, obtuse or acute, generally nerveless, but rarely, obscurely 1- to 3-nerved. A Handbook of Some South Indian Grasses The second glume is membranous, ovate, acute, glabrous or pubescent and 7-nerved. A Handbook of Some South Indian Grasses The first glume is small, membranous, less than 1/2 of the third glume, ovate, acute or obtuse, 3- to 5-nerved. A Handbook of Some South Indian Grasses The first glume is nearly half the length of the third glume, broadly ovate, subacute, margin overlapping at the base, and usually 5-nerved. A Handbook of Some South Indian Grasses The fourth glume is as long as the third, ovate, obtuse, paleate. A Handbook of Some South Indian Grasses The fourth glume is shorter than the third glume, lanceolate, subacute, thinly coriaceous white, polished, dorsally convex; the palea is as long as the glume and thinly coriaceous. A Handbook of Some South Indian Grasses The second glume is slightly longer than the third, green or purple, ovate, acuminate, generally 7-nerved and sometimes also with two more indistinct marginal nerves, i.e., A Handbook of Some South Indian Grasses The first glume is hyaline, broadly ovate, rounded and shortly acute or subacute, indistinctly 3- to 5-nerved or nerveless, less than one-third of the height of the third glume. A Handbook of Some South Indian Grasses The first glume is hyaline, suborbicular, rounded at the tip and nerveless, 1/30 inch or less. A Handbook of Some South Indian Grasses The spikelets are usually one to two and rarely three in an involucel and each one has four glumes. A Handbook of Some South Indian Grasses The first three glumes are as in the male spikelets, but larger. A Handbook of Some South Indian Grasses The second glume is similar to the first, but longer. A Handbook of Some South Indian Grasses A branch with female inflorescence; 2, 3, 4 and 5. the first, second, third and the fourth glume, respectively; 6. palea of the fourth glume; 7. ovary and the lodicules. A Handbook of Some South Indian Grasses The second glume is equal to or shorter than the fourth, 5- to 7-nerved. A Handbook of Some South Indian Grasses The first glume is lanceolate and nerveless or ovate-lanceolate and 1-nerved, half as long as the third glume, hyaline and acute. A Handbook of Some South Indian Grasses Grain is tightly enclosed by the hardened glume and its palea and is oblong or ellipsoid. A Handbook of Some South Indian Grasses The second glume is a little longer than the first but shorter than the third, broadly ovate or suborbicular, hyaline, 5-nerved. A Handbook of Some South Indian Grasses The third glume is longer than the second, as long as the fourth, membranous and 5-nerved, paleate, empty or with stamens. A Handbook of Some South Indian Grasses The first glume is orbicular, oblong or ovate, about one-third the length of the third glume, hyaline, 3-nerved. A Handbook of Some South Indian Grasses The second glume is about 1/6 inch long, ovate, acute, membranous, 5-nerved. A Handbook of Some South Indian Grasses The second glume is half as long as the third, broadly ovate, hyaline, 5-nerved. A Handbook of Some South Indian Grasses The second glume is as long as the spikelet or a little shorter, ovate, subacute, thinly membranous and 5-nerved. A Handbook of Some South Indian Grasses A and B. Spikelets front and back view; 1, 2, 3 and 4. the first, second, third and the fourth glume, respectively; 5. palea of the fourth glume; 6. the ovary, stamens and lodicules. A Handbook of Some South Indian Grasses The first glume is very small, almost orbicular, hyaline and nerveless. A Handbook of Some South Indian Grasses In Oryza there are three glumes, the first two being very minute, and there is only a single glume in Leersia and Hygrorhiza. A Handbook of Some South Indian Grasses The first glume is very small or absent. A Handbook of Some South Indian Grasses Styles are slender and distinct, with narrow stigmas exserted from the top of the glume. A Handbook of Some South Indian Grasses The spikelets are arranged in groups of two, facing each other and appearing like a single spikelet with two equal echinate glumes, sessile, or obscurely pedicelled on very short, tumid, pubescent branches. A Handbook of Some South Indian Grasses The second glume is about 1/8 inch, ovate-lanceolate, acuminate, strongly 3-ribbed with rows of stout, spreading hooked spines along the ribs and encloses a single floret. A Handbook of Some South Indian Grasses The palea becomes firm in texture like the glume instead of remaining hyaline, and so it is often mistaken for a glume. A Handbook of Some South Indian Grasses The fourth glume is often awned or reduced to an awn. A Handbook of Some South Indian Grasses Spikelets many, dissimilar, in solitary, digitate or fascicled racemes or spikes; first glume not sunk in the hollow of the rachis. A Handbook of Some South Indian Grasses The first and the second glumes are subequal and empty, and the first glume is winged along the inflated margins. A Handbook of Some South Indian Grasses The fourth glume is similar to the third, paleate with or without stamens. A Handbook of Some South Indian Grasses There is usually a complete flower in a spikelet and the glumes are membranous. A Handbook of Some South Indian Grasses The female spikelet is enclosed by a closed bract which finally becomes hardened, and there are four glumes in the spikelet. A Handbook of Some South Indian Grasses The racemes of the latter are longer and drooping, the male spikelets are in threes and the wings of the first glume are usually broader than in the other form. A Handbook of Some South Indian Grasses The fourth glume is very slender, hyaline, linear, paleate with three stamens or empty. A Handbook of Some South Indian Grasses The first glume is thickly coriaceous, white, shining, closely embracing the rachis and the other glumes entire at the tip. A Handbook of Some South Indian Grasses The spikelets are compressed and consist of only one glume bearing a perfect flower. A Handbook of Some South Indian Grasses The first glume is ovate-lanceolate, obtuse, with ciliate tips and long hairs at the back below the middle, rather thickened towards the base, dorsally hairy, 3- to 7-nerved, nerves not reaching the tip. A Handbook of Some South Indian Grasses A spikelet; 2, 3, 4, and 5. the first, second, third and the fourth glume, respectively; 6. palea of the fourth glume; 7. two stamens and the ovary. A Handbook of Some South Indian Grasses Two spikelets; 2, 3, 4 and 5. the first, second, third and the fourth glume, respectively; 6. ovary, stamens and lodicules. A Handbook of Some South Indian Grasses The first glume is lanceolate, subulate, acuminate, 2-nerved, flattened dorsally, coriaceous at the base and hyaline above it, and with smooth incurved margins. A Handbook of Some South Indian Grasses The solitary flowering glume is chartaceous, awnless, 3- to 5-nerved, the lateral nerves forming the thickened margin of the glume. A Handbook of Some South Indian Grasses The second glume is about equal to or slightly shorter than the first, lanceolate, acuminate, 1-nerved, keeled with an opaque base; margins and keel are ciliate with fine long hairs. A Handbook of Some South Indian Grasses The first glume is coriaceous, oblong or lanceolate, convex more or less, marginally winged above the middle, truncate or two-cuspidate at the apex and awnless. A Handbook of Some South Indian Grasses The second glume is as long as the first, coriaceous, concave, acute or obtuse, awned or not. A Handbook of Some South Indian Grasses Margin of the first glume of the sessile spikelet incurved narrowly from the base to the apex. A Handbook of Some South Indian Grasses The first two glumes are reduced to an obscure hyaline rim. A Handbook of Some South Indian Grasses I. rugosum.First glume of the sessile spikelet translucent, bicuspidate at the tip and with smooth margins. A Handbook of Some South Indian Grasses Margin of the first glume of the sessile spikelet broadly incurved from below the middle. A Handbook of Some South Indian Grasses First glume of the sessile spikelet with smooth margins, callus bearded. A Handbook of Some South Indian Grasses The second glume is chartaceous, lanceolate, acuminate, 1-nerved and with a smooth rounded keel. A Handbook of Some South Indian Grasses Branch; 2. part of a leaf with ligule; 3. spikelet; 4 and 5. glume and its palea; 6. lodicules and ovary. A Handbook of Some South Indian Grasses The first glume is dorsally hairy, or glabrous, narrowed from the middle upwards, chartaceous, with incurved margins and six or seven anastomosing nerves. A Handbook of Some South Indian Grasses The second glume is longer than the first, laterally compressed, ovate-lanceolate, acuminate, chartaceous, glabrous but often with long hairs on the keel towards the upper half, 5-nerved, the lateral nerves anastomosing. A Handbook of Some South Indian Grasses The first glume is coriaceous, convex, polished, smooth or pitted, hairy below, flat and veined above the middle, with broad or narrow ciliate equal wings and with margins narrowly inflexed above and broadly so below. A Handbook of Some South Indian Grasses The second glume is coriaceous, equal to or longer than the first, lanceolate, acuminate, or shortly awned, 3- to 5-nerved, keel narrowly winged towards the apex, dorsally ciliate or not. A Handbook of Some South Indian Grasses The rachis is herbaceous, broad flexuous, jointed and bearing at each joint a solitary globose cluster of two or three perfect 1-flowered glabrous spikelets surrounded by many short spinescent glumes of imperfect ones. A Handbook of Some South Indian Grasses The fourth glume is hyaline, deeply lobed into two oblong obtuse glabrous or ciliate lobes, with an awn twice as long as the spikelet in the cleft, and paleate; palea is lanceolate, acuminate, 2-nerved. A Handbook of Some South Indian Grasses The pedicelled spikelets are also as long as the sessile, more conspicuous than the sessile and consist of four glumes, but are not awned. A Handbook of Some South Indian Grasses The third glume is hyaline, nerveless, lanceolate, ciliate in the margin, paleate with 3 stamens or empty. A Handbook of Some South Indian Grasses The fourth glume is shorter than the third, hyaline, narrow lanceolate, not awned, ciliate or not at the margin, paleate and with three stamens and two lodicules. A Handbook of Some South Indian Grasses The perfect spikelets are 4-glumed and the glumes are very unequal. A Handbook of Some South Indian Grasses The second glume is as long as the first, but narrower, thinner, oblong to ovate, spikelet truncate and 3-nerved. A Handbook of Some South Indian Grasses The second glume is as long as the first, broadly oblong, sides sharply folded inwards, 3-nerved, rarely nerveless, with long hairs at the back towards the base and with short cilia at the apex. A Handbook of Some South Indian Grasses The third glume is as long as the first, hyaline, thin, linear-oblong, nerveless, ciliate at the apex, paleate, usually with two stamens or empty; palea as long as the glume, hyaline and nerveless. A Handbook of Some South Indian Grasses Spike; 2. a spikelet; 3, 4, 5 and 7. the first, second, third and the fourth glume, respectively; 6 and 8. palea of the third and the fourth glume; 9. ovary. A Handbook of Some South Indian Grasses The styles are very long with slender stigmas, exserted at the top of the glume. A Handbook of Some South Indian Grasses The fourth glume is hyaline, as long as the third glume, 2-fid at the tip, awnless with a very minute arista in the cleft or not, paleate with two stamens; palea narrow and hyaline. A Handbook of Some South Indian Grasses The first glume of the lower spikelets above is somewhat narrower, 5- or 3-toothed with long hairs at the margins and with tufts of hairs at the back about the middle. A Handbook of Some South Indian Grasses The first glume is shorter than the second glume, narrow, oblong, cuneate, 3-toothed with marginal hairs and tufts of hairs at about the middle at the back, 7-nerved all nerves running straight. A Handbook of Some South Indian Grasses The third glume is hyaline, nerveless, linear-lanceolate, shorter than the second glume, tip irregularly toothed or unequally bifid, paleate with two stamens; palea is linear about as long as the glume. A Handbook of Some South Indian Grasses In the perfect spikelet there are four very unequal glumes. A Handbook of Some South Indian Grasses The first glume is chartaceous, linear oblong, many-nerved, shortly bifid at the apex, longer than the other glumes. A Handbook of Some South Indian Grasses The first glume is lanceolate, oblong, subacute, many-nerved, coriaceous and glabrous. A Handbook of Some South Indian Grasses The fourth glume is shorter than or equal to the third, hyaline, 1-nerved rarely with two short lateral nerves, female or imperfect. A Handbook of Some South Indian Grasses The first glume is coriaceous dorsally flattened, obtuse, margins narrowly incurved. A Handbook of Some South Indian Grasses The first glume is minute, tooth-like, triangular or lanceolate, acute, nerveless, 1/16 to 1/12 inch long. A Handbook of Some South Indian Grasses The first glume is somewhat fiddle-shaped, dilated above the middle into an orbicular wing, and towards the base into two auricles joined by a transverse ridge, scaberulous, 5-nerved. A Handbook of Some South Indian Grasses The pedicelled spikelets also have four glumes and the pedicels usually free, but also sometimes adnate. A Handbook of Some South Indian Grasses The first glume is oblong, obtuse, winged on one side only, 5-nerved. A Handbook of Some South Indian Grasses The second glume is equal to the first glume in height, chartaceous, gibbously convex, broadly ovate, acute, 9- to 11-nerved, and with a short wing to the keel at the apex. A Handbook of Some South Indian Grasses The second glume is elongate, linear-lanceolate, acute, sometimes ciliate below the middle, membranous, narrower than the third glume, hyaline, strongly 3-nerved, 1/16 by 1/6 inch. A Handbook of Some South Indian Grasses The second and the third glumes are as long as the first, obtuse and hyaline. A Handbook of Some South Indian Grasses The sessile spikelets are 1-flowered, as long as the joint and varying in length from 1/7 to 1/5 inch and have four glumes. A Handbook of Some South Indian Grasses The first glume is globose, hard, coarsely pitted, with an oblong ventral opening opposite the cavity in the joint of the rachis. A Handbook of Some South Indian Grasses The second glume is chartaceous, minute, oblong, 1-nerved immersed in the cavity of the first glume and closing the opening. A Handbook of Some South Indian Grasses Sometimes a very minute hyaline lower glume is present. A Handbook of Some South Indian Grasses The third and the fourth glumes are hyaline and minute. A Handbook of Some South Indian Grasses The styles are free and stigmas are short exserted from the opening in the first glume. A Handbook of Some South Indian Grasses The first glume is hard, globose, foveolate, with an oblong opening, faintly nerved. A Handbook of Some South Indian Grasses The third glume is small hyaline and empty. A Handbook of Some South Indian Grasses A pair of spikelets; 2, 3 and 4. the first, second and the third glume, respectively; 5. palea of the third glume; 6. ovary, anthers and lodicules. A Handbook of Some South Indian Grasses The second glume is as long as the first, thinner, with a median keel, laterally compressed, awned or not. A Handbook of Some South Indian Grasses The pedicelled spikelets are usually smaller than the sessile and have three or four glumes and are awnless. A Handbook of Some South Indian Grasses Racemes binate, pedicelled spikelets differing from the sessile, glume I of the sessile spikelets deeply channelled. A Handbook of Some South Indian Grasses The second glume is lanceolate, acute, as long as the first, 3-nerved. A Handbook of Some South Indian Grasses The first glume is very minute, hyaline, obtuse and it is very often not present. A Handbook of Some South Indian Grasses The fourth glume is the dilated base of the awn, awn is about 3/4 inch twisted to half its length, scabrid, the lower twisted part dark and the upper pale. A Handbook of Some South Indian Grasses The fourth glume is narrow linear, hyaline with two very fine lobes at the apex with an awn between, 7/16 inch long. A Handbook of Some South Indian Grasses The pedicelled spikelets have only three glumes, and are slightly shorter than the sessile ones, pedicel is similar to the joint. A Handbook of Some South Indian Grasses The fourth glume is the base of the awn and the awn is not twisted, bent at about the middle, 1/2 to 2/3 inch long; there is no palea. A Handbook of Some South Indian Grasses The grain is free inside the glume and the palea, linear oblong, slightly compressed and pale brown, the embryo occupies about 1/3 the length of the grain. A Handbook of Some South Indian Grasses The third glume is hyaline, linear-oblong, glabrous and thinly ciliate at the tip or not with or without stamens. A Handbook of Some South Indian Grasses The third glume is hyaline, narrow, obtuse, shorter than the second, 2-nerved, ciliate. A Handbook of Some South Indian Grasses The second glume is as long as the first, shortly awned or acuminate, 3-nerved, ciliate. A Handbook of Some South Indian Grasses The fourth glume is narrow, oblong, hyaline with an awn nearly an inch long. A Handbook of Some South Indian Grasses The first and the second glumes are empty, subequal, narrowly linear with a strong midrib which is produced into a long capillary awn. A Handbook of Some South Indian Grasses The third glume is hyaline, ovate-oblong, acute, nerveless, margins sparsely ciliate or not. A Handbook of Some South Indian Grasses The fourth glume is hyaline, nerveless, linear and oblong, glabrous, small, the apex is narrowed and deeply bifid. A Handbook of Some South Indian Grasses The third glume is hyaline, linear, acute, or obtuse, nerveless sparsely hairy at the tip, very much shorter than the second glume. A Handbook of Some South Indian Grasses The fourth glume is an awn with a linear hyaline base, erect, about an inch long. A Handbook of Some South Indian Grasses The third glume is very small, hyaline, lanceolate, acute, 1-nerved and with a perfect flower; palea is small, narrow, hyaline and nerveless. A Handbook of Some South Indian Grasses The first glume is elliptic, oblong, irregularly obtuse, about 11-nerved, margins slightly infolded with long pilose hairs throughout, more along the margin. A Handbook of Some South Indian Grasses The second glume is a little smaller, 3-nerved, sparsely hairy only along the marginal nerves, folded inwards, and slightly keeled. A Handbook of Some South Indian Grasses The third glume is oblong, hyaline, thin, nerveless, short and truncate. A Handbook of Some South Indian Grasses The first glume is lanceolate, obliquely twisted, hispid at the back with long bulbous-based hairs, margins more or less unequally winged. A Handbook of Some South Indian Grasses Spikelets; 3, 4 and 5, the first, second and the third glume, respectively; 6. ovary, stamens and lodicules. A Handbook of Some South Indian Grasses The fourth glume is the narrowly winged 2-lobed base of the awn, lobes are lanceolate erect and palea of the fourth glume is minute. A Handbook of Some South Indian Grasses The involucral spikelets are male or neuter, the largest, and consist of three glumes. A Handbook of Some South Indian Grasses The second glume is membranous, lanceolate, acute, 3-nerved, with ciliate margins. A Handbook of Some South Indian Grasses The first glume is terete, or dorsally compressed or channelled, coriaceous and at length hardened, margins incurved, dark brown to almost black when old. A Handbook of Some South Indian Grasses The spikelet nearly always consists of four glumes, the first or the first and the second being firmer and coriaceous or chartaceous. A Handbook of Some South Indian Grasses The fourth glume is the flattened base of the awn, epaleate. A Handbook of Some South Indian Grasses The third glume is as long as the second, hyaline, very narrowly linear, 1-nerved. A Handbook of Some South Indian Grasses The first glume is scabrid, deeply channelled at the back, nerveless, narrowly truncate at the tip, and hispid near the apex. A Handbook of Some South Indian Grasses The third glume is hyaline, linear, short, irregularly toothed at the apex. A Handbook of Some South Indian Grasses The flowering glumes are always shorter than the empty glumes, and are hyaline. A Handbook of Some South Indian Grasses The third glume is hyaline, nerveless, apex irregularly cut, short; sometimes this glume is wanting. A Handbook of Some South Indian Grasses The fourth glume is a very slender awn of about 1/2 inch. A Handbook of Some South Indian Grasses The pedicelled spikelets of the involucel have firmer harder, shorter and broader pedicels, thickly bearded and consist of two glumes only. A Handbook of Some South Indian Grasses Stipeæ.—The spikelets are narrow and long, panicles and the flowering glumes are rigid or hard, and awned. A Handbook of Some South Indian Grasses The spikelets are all similar, in compound racemes or panicles; the first glume not sunk in the hollow of the rachis. A Handbook of Some South Indian Grasses Awn tripartite from the base and not articulate with the top of the glume, persistent and glabrous. A Handbook of Some South Indian Grasses Panicle cylindric, glumes I and II awned; callus with white silky hairs. A Handbook of Some South Indian Grasses A. setacea.Panicle effuse, glumes I and II awned or not; callus naked. A Handbook of Some South Indian Grasses A spikelet; 2. first and second glumes; 3. palea; 4. lodicules, stamens and ovary; 5. third glume with awns; 6. grain. A Handbook of Some South Indian Grasses The third and the fourth glumes are hyaline, with three stamens or empty. A Handbook of Some South Indian Grasses The spikelet; 2 and 3. the first and the second glume; 4. the lower portion of the third glume, anther, ovary and the lodicules; 5. palea of the third glume. A Handbook of Some South Indian Grasses The first glume is about 3/8 inch long, lanceolate-linear, narrowed into a short awn. A Handbook of Some South Indian Grasses A spikelet; 2, 3 and 4. the first, second and the third glume, respectively; 4a. the third glume and its awns; 5. palea of the third glume; 6. lodicules, anthers and the ovary. A Handbook of Some South Indian Grasses The first glume is chartaceous, lanceolate, acuminate and terminating in an awn, 1-nerved, 3/8 to 1/2 inch including the awn, with the keel very finely scabrous. A Handbook of Some South Indian Grasses The female spikelet is ovoid acuminate and has four glumes. A Handbook of Some South Indian Grasses The second glume is longer than the first, chartaceous, lanceolate, terminating in an awn, 1/2 to 3/4 inch long including the awn, with a smooth keel. A Handbook of Some South Indian Grasses The callus of the third glume is short, pointed and villous. A Handbook of Some South Indian Grasses The outer margin of the glume is broader than the inner margin and is rounded at the apex at the base of the awn. A Handbook of Some South Indian Grasses A spikelet; 2, 3 and 4. the first, second and the third glume, respectively; 5. grain. A Handbook of Some South Indian Grasses The first glume is chartaceous and the others are thin and gradually smaller. A Handbook of Some South Indian Grasses The grain is narrow as long as the glume and grooved. A Handbook of Some South Indian Grasses The first glume is linear-lanceolate, acute and terminating in an awn, 1-nerved and varying in length from 3/4 to 7/8 inch. A Handbook of Some South Indian Grasses The second glume is similar to the first, but narrower and shorter, 1/2 inch or longer. A Handbook of Some South Indian Grasses The glume just below the joint is finely scabrid to a little distance. A Handbook of Some South Indian Grasses The second glume is similar to the first, but thinner and without the wings, 5- to 9- or rarely 11-nerved. A Handbook of Some South Indian Grasses Spikelets are small consisting of three membranous glumes, 1-nerved or nerveless. A Handbook of Some South Indian Grasses The first and the second glumes are unequal, persistent or separately caducous. A Handbook of Some South Indian Grasses The first glume is very short less than 1/5 inch, broadly oblong, nerveless, hyaline, broadly truncate and erose at the apex. A Handbook of Some South Indian Grasses The second glume is a little longer than the first, but shorter than the third, hyaline, broadly elliptic-oblong, nerveless or obscurely 1-nerved. A Handbook of Some South Indian Grasses The first glume is membranous, many-nerved, shallowly concave and with a narrow membranous margin. A Handbook of Some South Indian Grasses The palea is as long as the glume, oblong, 2-nerved, splitting in two portions between the nerves as soon as the grain is formed. A Handbook of Some South Indian Grasses A portion of a branch; 2. spikelet; 3, 4 and 5. first, second and the third glume; 6. palea of the third glume; 7. ovary and anthers; 8 and 9. grain. A Handbook of Some South Indian Grasses The first glume is minute, hyaline, ovate, obtuse or acute, nerveless. A Handbook of Some South Indian Grasses The second glume is five or six times as long as the first, ovate lanceolate, 1-nerved, acuminate. A Handbook of Some South Indian Grasses The first glume is thick, coriaceous and closely embraces the rachis of the spike by its involute margin and the other glumes are within. A Handbook of Some South Indian Grasses Portion of a branch; 2. spikelet; 3, 4 and 5. the first, second and third glumes; 6. palea; 7. anthers and ovary; 8. grain. A Handbook of Some South Indian Grasses The second glume has broad hyaline margins towards the base. A Handbook of Some South Indian Grasses It differs from G. nutans in being an annual and in having filiform leaves, bicuspidate third glume which is scabrid all over the back and a fourth glume distinctly tricuspidate at the apex. A Handbook of Some South Indian Grasses The fourth glume is similar to the third glume in all respects but shorter. A Handbook of Some South Indian Grasses The male spikelets are solitary, or binate and then one sessile and one pedicelled, 2-flowered, reaching 3/8 inch in length and consist of four glumes each. A Handbook of Some South Indian Grasses The rachilla is produced beyond the fourth glume and it terminates in an awned rudimentary glume. A Handbook of Some South Indian Grasses The grain in the fourth glume is usually much smaller than that found in the third glume. A Handbook of Some South Indian Grasses The first two glumes are empty, thin, keeled, and acute or mucronate. A Handbook of Some South Indian Grasses I shorter than II but II equal to or longer than III— Hairs on the margins and keels of glume III clavellate and rounded at the apex. A Handbook of Some South Indian Grasses The anthers in the third glume are larger than those in the fourth glume. A Handbook of Some South Indian Grasses The second glume is a little longer and broader than the first glume, 1-nerved and this mid-nerve produced into a very short awn. A Handbook of Some South Indian Grasses The third glume is usually grain bearing, but rarely the fourth also may contain a grain, the remaining glumes being sterile. A Handbook of Some South Indian Grasses Spikelet; 2 and 3, the first and second glumes; 4 and 5. the third glume and its palea; 6. lodicules, stamens and the ovary; 7. the fourth glume; 8. grain. A Handbook of Some South Indian Grasses Spikelets are about 1/10 inch, 2-awned, shortly stalked and consist of only four glumes. A Handbook of Some South Indian Grasses The female spikelet is oblong, 1/6 inch long, 1-flowered and with four glumes. A Handbook of Some South Indian Grasses The first and the second glumes are lanceolate, acute, membranous, pale and 1-nerved, but the first glume is shorter than the second. A Handbook of Some South Indian Grasses There are five or seven glumes in a spikelet. A Handbook of Some South Indian Grasses The sixth glume is very small, cuneate, awned. A Handbook of Some South Indian Grasses The spikelets are sessile, 3 to 12 flowered, 2 to 3-seriate, secund, laterally compressed and forming digitate whorled or capitate spikes, not joined at the base; rachilla continuous between the flowering glumes. A Handbook of Some South Indian Grasses The glumes in a spikelet are few to many, keeled. A Handbook of Some South Indian Grasses |
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