| 单词 | glial cell |
| 例句 | Some of the rats had glioma—a tumor of the glial cells in the brain—or schwannoma of the heart. “It actually has me concerned, and I’m an expert”: Major cell phone radiation study reignites cancer debate 2016-05-29T04:00:00Z In the study, prodrugs were used to transport anti-inflammatory drugs into the brain, where they were efficiently delivered into glial cells. A thyroxine derivative enhances brain drug delivery 2023-11-08T05:00:00Z Specifically, they examined glial cells because microglial dysfunction is known to lead to neural degeneration. Obesity linked to neurodegeneration through insulin resistance 2023-11-07T05:00:00Z The same is the case for a range of glial cells, which create a stable environment for neurons by ensheathing them, providing nutrients, and defending against pathogens -- all important for a young, still-developing organ. New method tracks how brain cells age 2023-10-26T04:00:00Z They found that IGF2's highest levels in the brain cells of the hippocampus do not come from neurons or glial cells, or other vascular cells, but, rather, from pericytes. In forming long-term memories, vascular cells are crucial 2023-10-02T04:00:00Z This discovery highlights the value of medical imaging of TSPO: it makes it possible to identify cases where the neuroinflammatory disease is linked to a deregulation in the number of glial cells. Marker for brain inflammation finally decoded 2023-09-25T04:00:00Z Seeing that stark difference led Meduna to theorize that glial cells could have something to do with mental health, and that a seizure might help ease schizophrenic symptoms, including catatonia. The persistent mysteries of electroconvulsive therapy 2023-09-04T04:00:00Z The researchers found that the high sugar diet led to reduced PI3k levels in glial cells, indicating insulin resistance. Obesity linked to neurodegeneration through insulin resistance 2023-11-07T05:00:00Z Progenitor cells rarely become either neurons or glial cells; in fact, virtually every type of brain cell plummets. New method tracks how brain cells age 2023-10-26T04:00:00Z A nerve consists of neurons and glial cells. Fundamentals of Biology 2015-01-01T00:00:00Z The myelin sheath is produced by glial cells. Concepts of Biology 2013-04-25T00:00:00Z "ECT probably releases important chemicals that support glial cells and enhance their function in some way. But it's certainly not understood at a fine level yet." The persistent mysteries of electroconvulsive therapy 2023-09-04T04:00:00Z Other glial cells that are not shown support the nutritional and waste requirements of the neuron. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z Nervous tissue contains two major cell types, neurons and glial cells. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z Your glial cells, for example, which make up a substantial portion of the brain, are dependent on omega-3 fats. The Best Brain Foods You’re Not Eating 2022-01-24T05:00:00Z While glial cells are often thought of as the supporting cast of the nervous system, the number of glial cells in the brain actually outnumbers the number of neurons by a factor of 10. Concepts of Biology 2013-04-25T00:00:00Z Some researchers have revisited Meduna's initial suggestion that the therapeutic effect of seizures had something to do with glial cells, the glue of the nervous system, which seem to play a role in mood disorders. The persistent mysteries of electroconvulsive therapy 2023-09-04T04:00:00Z Some of the glial cells are phagocytic and remove debris or damaged cells from the tissue. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z Specific types of glial cells provide this insulation. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z The second division, between neuronal and nonneuronal types, separates neurons from “support” cell types, collectively termed “glial cells.” An Inventory of All the Brain Cells That Let You Run, Jump and Roll 2021-10-06T04:00:00Z Moreover, new forms of support for peripheral nerve glial cells known as Schwann cells may also help persuade reluctant nerves to regrow. Readers Respond to the January 2021 Issue 2021-05-23T04:00:00Z But as Kellner, the professor at the Medical University of South Carolina, pointed out, scientists still don't have a complete understanding of exactly how glial cells operate. The persistent mysteries of electroconvulsive therapy 2023-09-04T04:00:00Z Most brain tumors are caused by mutations in glial cells. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z Figure 13.20 If you zoom in on the DRG, you can see smaller satellite glial cells surrounding the large cell bodies of the sensory neurons. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z After simulated death, the glial cells actually increased their genetic activity, ballooning in size and growing long arms. ‘Zombie genes’ increase their activity for hours after the simulated death of brain tissue samples, study says 2021-03-26T04:00:00Z This initiates a cascade of inflammatory signalling, first by neurons and then by glial cells, that activates the trigeminal nerves. A richer view of aura 2020-10-13T04:00:00Z Oligodendrocytes are glial cells that support and insulate long neuronal axons. The Beautiful Things inside Your Head: Winners of the 10th Annual Art of Neuroscience Contest 2020-07-23T04:00:00Z A nervous tissue consists of neurons and glial cells. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z Also found in CNS tissue is the oligodendrocyte, sometimes called just “oligo,” which is the glial cell type that insulates axons in the CNS. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z They found a surprising amount of activity in genes unique to glial cells. ‘Zombie genes’ increase their activity for hours after the simulated death of brain tissue samples, study says 2021-03-26T04:00:00Z Some work suggests that, rather than neurons, astrocytes — the brain’s most abundant non-neuronal glial cells — could carry a wave across the brain, but this idea has not gained traction. A richer view of aura 2020-10-13T04:00:00Z Experimental evidence that has accumulated since then shows that all types of glial cells respond to neural activity and can modify information transmission in the brain. The Brain Learns in Unexpected Ways 2020-03-12T04:00:00Z Also shown are two types of glial cells: astrocytes regulate the chemical environment of the nerve cell, and oligodendrocytes insulate the axon so the electrical nerve impulse is transferred more efficiently. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z Microglia are, as the name implies, smaller than most of the other glial cells. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z And of the several types of glial cells in the brain, perhaps none seemed less inherently interesting than microglia. The amazing brain cells that link mind and body 2020-02-01T05:00:00Z Half of the cells in the human brain are glial cells, which normally act to support the function and communication of neurons2. Brain tumours manipulate neighbouring synapses 2020-01-28T05:00:00Z Surrounding the node of Ranvier is a glial cell called an astrocyte. The Brain Learns in Unexpected Ways 2020-03-12T04:00:00Z Neurons would be unable to function without the vital roles that are fulfilled by these glial cells. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z These glial cells appear similar to epithelial cells, making a single layer of cells with little intracellular space and tight connections between adjacent cells. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z Then, starting in the third trimester, glial cells are produced, which continues long after birth, he says. “Organoids” Reveal How Human Forebrain Develops 2020-01-24T05:00:00Z To determine how C420R might drive seizures, the authors expressed PIK3CA variants in a type of glial cell called an astrocyte that enhances the formation of synapses between neurons by releasing secreted molecules. Brain tumours manipulate neighbouring synapses 2020-01-28T05:00:00Z Our latest research reveals another type of glial cell involved in these “plastic” nervous system changes. The Brain Learns in Unexpected Ways 2020-03-12T04:00:00Z Myelinated axons make up the “white matter” and neuron and glial cell bodies make up the “gray matter.” Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z The relationship of these glial cells to the structure of the CNS is seen in Figure 12.11. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z The myth seemed to be supported by statements in serious textbooks and scientific articles that “the human brain is made of 100 billion neurons and 10 times as many supporting glial cells.” Your big brain makes you human — count your neurons when you count your blessings 2019-11-28T05:00:00Z By contrast, T cells that recognize β-synuclein caused damage mainly in the grey matter, where they released cytokines and induced tissue damage in neurons and neuron-supporting glial cells. Multiple sclerosis enters a grey area 2019-02-19T05:00:00Z How about a neuron, or a glial cell? An online archive with amazing images of a tiny but essential element of life 2018-10-26T04:00:00Z These analyses revealed that 41% of genes whose activity is suppressed in human radial glial cells are associated with a human-specific structural variant. Newfound differences between great apes 2018-07-12T04:00:00Z The second type of glial cell is the Schwann cell, which insulate axons with myelin in the periphery. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z Still, a balance must be struck, because glial cells support neurons by communicating with them through TNTs, Rustom explained. Cells Talk and Help One Another via Tiny Tube Networks 2018-05-07T04:00:00Z Just why Schwann and glial cells appear to be targets of cell phone radiation is not clear. New Studies Link Cell Phone Radiation with Cancer 2018-03-29T04:00:00Z His findings and vocal presence at meetings were largely responsible for the acceptance that glial cells contribute to brain development, function and disease. Ben Barres (1955–2017) 2018-01-02T05:00:00Z There are three primary types of glial cells, or glia — microglia, oligodendrocytes and astrocytes — but before Dr. Barres began to look at glia, their functions were poorly understood. Ben Barres, transgender brain researcher and advocate of diversity in science, dies at 63 2017-12-30T05:00:00Z The relationship of these two types of glial cells to ganglia and nerves in the PNS is seen in Figure 12.12. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z Herculano-Houzel also recalled that early editions of the textbook “Principles of Neural Science,” along with countless studies, claimed that the human brain contained at least 10 times as many glial cells as neurons. To Unlock the Brain’s Mysteries, Purée It 2017-12-14T05:00:00Z Specific tools for targeting and expression in Müller glial cells. Inhibition of soluble epoxide hydrolase prevents diabetic retinopathy 2017-12-05T05:00:00Z He was intrigued that so many of the diseases that impair brain and nervous-system function involve glial cells, yet so little was known at the time about their biology. Ben Barres (1955–2017) 2018-01-02T05:00:00Z Dr. Barres sought to understand the normal functions of glial cells to understand what happened when things went awry. Ben Barres, transgender brain researcher and advocate of diversity in science, dies at 63 2017-12-30T05:00:00Z The lipids are essentially the phospholipids of the glial cell membrane. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z Astrocytes are complex glial cells with numerous fine cellular processes that infiltrate the neuropil and interact with synapses. Astrocytic neuroligins control astrocyte morphogenesis and synaptogenesis 2017-11-07T05:00:00Z Modifying genes in the glial cells that surround and support motor neurons might also help to restore motor neuron function. Drug therapy: On the treatment trail for ALS : Nature : Nature Research 2017-10-17T04:00:00Z Barres left medicine to do a doctorate in neurobiology at Harvard Medical School in Boston, Massachusetts, on the function and distribution of cation channels in glial cells. Ben Barres (1955–2017) 2018-01-02T05:00:00Z Dr. Barres was one of the world’s leading researchers on glial cells, which are the most numerous structures in the brain but whose purpose was almost a complete mystery. Ben Barres, transgender brain researcher and advocate of diversity in science, dies at 63 2017-12-30T05:00:00Z Myelin, however, is more than just the membrane of the glial cell. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z Eventually, they drift up into the brain, where they slowly turn into glial cells — support cells that surround neurons and help insulate them. In a First, Gene Therapy Halts a Fatal Brain Disease 2017-10-05T04:00:00Z This idea comes from evidence suggesting that, although it is the motor neurons that die in ALS, problems in glial cells may be at least partly to blame. Drug therapy: On the treatment trail for ALS : Nature : Nature Research 2017-10-17T04:00:00Z It probed the roles of different types of glial cell—astrocytes and microglia—in synapse elimination, for example. Ben Barres (1955–2017) 2018-01-02T05:00:00Z In my case, there is no end of interesting and unexplored avenues about glial cells and their roles in health and disease. Stop blocking postdocs’ paths to success 2017-08-29T04:00:00Z Some of the proteins help to hold the layers of the glial cell membrane closely together. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z The proper gene in the glial cells takes over, stopping the brain deterioration that would otherwise occur. In a First, Gene Therapy Halts a Fatal Brain Disease 2017-10-05T04:00:00Z Later research by other scientists, however, showed that glial cells play a hitherto unsuspected role in brain chemistry, helping to build connections between neurons and promoting more complex brain structure. Marian C. Diamond, 90, Student of the Brain, Is Dead 2017-08-16T04:00:00Z Placing the tissue under a microscope, Dr. Diamond found an unusually high amount of glial cells, which were thought to be a relatively unimportant part of the tissue that held the brain together. Marian Diamond, neuroscientist who gave new meaning to ‘use it or lose it,’ dies at 90 2017-07-30T04:00:00Z It is a type of glioma, a brain or spinal tumor that arises from glial cells. What is a Glioblastoma, the Brain Tumor John McCain Has Been Diagnosed With? 2017-07-20T04:00:00Z The glial cell is wrapped around the axon several times with little to no cytoplasm between the glial cell layers. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z New bone marrow cells, from a healthy donor, supply good ALD genes to cells in the recipient that eventually become glial cells. In a First, Gene Therapy Halts a Fatal Brain Disease 2017-10-05T04:00:00Z At the upcoming meeting, a team led by neuroscientist Mark Rasenick of the University of Illinois at Chicago will report on tests of antidepressant drugs in cultured rat glial cells. Party drug’s power to fight depression puzzles scientists 2017-05-01T04:00:00Z Her discovery launched renewed interest in the role of glial cells, which are now believed to play a crucial role in cognitive processes. Marian Diamond, neuroscientist who gave new meaning to ‘use it or lose it,’ dies at 90 2017-07-30T04:00:00Z The importance of glial cells in the degeneration and death of motor neurons emerged from studies in which the synthesis of mutant SOD1 was silenced in microglia, astrocytes or oligodendrocyte precursor cells. Decoding ALS: from genes to mechanism : Nature : Nature Research 2016-11-08T05:00:00Z Several types of glial cells are found in the nervous system, and they can be categorized by the anatomical division in which they are found. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z A clinical trial recently launched at Yale University, for example, will test whether an antibiotic that inhibits glial cells prevents the inflammatory effects of opioids. Why taking morphine, oxycodone can sometimes make pain worse 2016-05-30T04:00:00Z All of the drugs that the researchers studied caused a cluster of proteins to shift position in the glial cells’ membranes, signalling to the cells to form new connections with their neighbours. Party drug’s power to fight depression puzzles scientists 2017-05-01T04:00:00Z They found that the exposed rats were more likely to develop cancers, specifically malignant gliomas—a tumor of glial cells in the brain—and tumors in the heart. Cell Phone-Cancer Link Seen in Rat Study 2016-05-27T04:00:00Z Another type of glial cell, the astrocyte, provides motor neurons with nutrients, ion buffering and recycling of the neurotransmitter glutamate. Decoding ALS: from genes to mechanism : Nature : Nature Research 2016-11-08T05:00:00Z Nervous tissue, present in both the CNS and PNS, contains two basic types of cells: neurons and glial cells. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z Dr. Song said they found that Zika infection is “even worse” in glial cells, which support and insulate neurons and are present throughout life, not just in fetal development. A Window Into the Workings of Zika 2016-05-09T04:00:00Z Ageing involves the gradual deterioration of the myelin sheathing that surrounds some nerves, and which, alongside glial cells, comprises the brain's white matter. Ageing: Restoration project : Nature : Nature Publishing Group 2016-03-01T05:00:00Z According to many researchers, the glial cells that form the scar are toxic to growing nerves. Can an Unorthodox Operation Cure Paraplegia? 2016-01-25T05:00:00Z It isn’t clear what the optimal type of cell is to infuse into the brain, such as neurons that provide chemical messengers to the brain or support cells like glial cells. Stem Cells Help Evaluate Experimental Alzheimer’s Drugs 2015-12-28T05:00:00Z A glial cell is one of a variety of cells that provide a framework of tissue that supports the neurons and their activities. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z This adds to the recent developments revealing that glial cells, which for a long time were thought to simply be the brain’s support cells, are actually a major player in both development and disease. What Makes Our Brains Special? 2015-11-24T05:00:00Z The model leaves out many features of brain tissue, such as blood vessels and glial cells, which account for 90% of the cells in the brain but are generally not involved in relaying signals. Rat brain—or a smidgeon of it—is modeled in a computer 2015-10-08T04:00:00Z But Raisman realized that there is one part of the central nervous system where glial cells encourage regeneration: in the nerves that connect the nose to the brain. Can an Unorthodox Operation Cure Paraplegia? 2016-01-25T05:00:00Z Perhaps the low ratio of neurons to glial cells in Einstein's brain sample reflected a life devoted to the biggest and most stimulating scientific puzzles? The strange afterlife of Einstein's brain 2015-04-17T04:00:00Z Nervous tissue is composed of two types of cells, neurons and glial cells. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z Researchers in Leipzig found that glial cells, which also span the retinal depth and connect to the cones, have an interesting attribute. The Purpose of Our Eyes' Strange Wiring Is Unveiled 2015-03-18T04:00:00Z Using a PET scanner, the researchers looked at levels of a protein that is produced by glial cells during neurological inflammation. Study: Inflammation Causes Depression in Many Cases “Einstein’s brain had an unusually high proportion of glial cells,” he points out. Can an Unorthodox Operation Cure Paraplegia? 2016-01-25T05:00:00Z Now experts are focusing on finding ways to control the glial cell activity as possible treatment for ALS. Researchers Watch Alzheimer's Disease Unfold in a Lab Dish for the First Time 2014-10-13T04:00:00Z Ongoing research pursues an expanded role that glial cells might play in signaling, but neurons are still considered the basis of this function. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z Selective vision In view of this, my colleague Amichai Labin and I built a model of the retina, and showed that the directional of glial cells helps increase the clarity of human vision. The Purpose of Our Eyes' Strange Wiring Is Unveiled 2015-03-18T04:00:00Z When daylight wanes and we eventually fall asleep, however, those glial cells kick into action, slowing the brain’s electrical activity to about a third of its peak frequency. The Power of Sleep 0002-11-29T05:00:00Z When Raisman began investigating paralysis, no one knew what the glial cells did, though there were hints that their role was significant. Can an Unorthodox Operation Cure Paraplegia? 2016-01-25T05:00:00Z The technique led to a breakthrough in understanding that a certain population of nerve cells known as glial cells poison the motor neurons and impede their normal function. Researchers Watch Alzheimer's Disease Unfold in a Lab Dish for the First Time 2014-10-13T04:00:00Z Many axons are wrapped by an insulating substance called myelin, which is actually made from glial cells. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z But we also noticed something rather curious: the colours that best passed through the glial cells were green to red, which the eye needs most for daytime vision. The Purpose of Our Eyes' Strange Wiring Is Unveiled 2015-03-18T04:00:00Z This means that when we don’t get enough sleep, the glial cells aren’t as efficient at clearing the brain’s garbage. The Power of Sleep 0002-11-29T05:00:00Z At the time, glial cells were considered the brain’s equivalent of junk DNA, and most neuroanatomists were not interested in them. Can an Unorthodox Operation Cure Paraplegia? 2016-01-25T05:00:00Z He and his colleagues hypothesize that this organization may be caused by an inflammatory response in which the brain’s glial cells leap into action, perhaps repairing damage or blocking further injury. Mild Brain Injury Leaves Lasting Scar 2014-07-16T04:00:00Z The second class of neural cells comprises the neuroglia or glial cells, which have been characterized as having a simple support role. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z Further computer simulations showed that green and red are concentrated five to ten times more by the glial cells, and into their respective cones, than blue light. The Purpose of Our Eyes' Strange Wiring Is Unveiled 2015-03-18T04:00:00Z But Nedergaard found in clinical trials on mice that glial cells change as soon as organisms fall asleep. The Power of Sleep 0002-11-29T05:00:00Z The nerves of the nasal cavity regrow when they are damaged or cut, and this healing is directed by special glial cells, which usher neurons along the path from the nose membrane to the brain. Can an Unorthodox Operation Cure Paraplegia? 2016-01-25T05:00:00Z The nervous system is made up of two types of cells: neurons, which transmit nerve impulses, and glial cells, which play a supporting role. Neurobiology: Unrestrained excitement : Nature : Nature Publishing Group 2014-07-08T04:00:00Z One factor causes the stem cells to multiply and the other prompts them to differentiate into the neurons and glial cells that will become the new brain tissue. Drug delivery: Brain food : Nature : Nature Publishing Group 2014-06-24T04:00:00Z Even more interesting was the fact that the colours that were best guided by the glial cells matched nicely with the colours of the cones. The Purpose of Our Eyes' Strange Wiring Is Unveiled 2015-03-18T04:00:00Z She found that an army of previously ignored cells in the brain, called glial cells, turn into a massive pump when the body sleeps. The Power of Sleep 0002-11-29T05:00:00Z His research focuses on the role of glial cells in depression and stress-related disorders. Memories Can Be Edited 2014-05-13T12:00:00Z The injuries that trigger epilepsy are often associated with an inflammatory response in the brain, and mounting evidence suggests that astrocytes and other glial cell types are central to this process. Neurobiology: Unrestrained excitement : Nature : Nature Publishing Group 2014-07-08T04:00:00Z Progress is being made in reprogramming such cells into relevant neuronal and glial cell types, although questions remain over the cell types most involved in various psychiatric disorders. Perspective: Revealing molecular secrets 2014-04-02T17:21:26.216Z The ganglion cells transmit information from the eye to different parts of the brain and the glial cells support and protect neurons. Scientists Make More Eye Cells - With An Inkjet Printer 2013-12-18T17:23:00Z During the day, glial cells are the unsung personal assistants of the brain. The Power of Sleep 0002-11-29T05:00:00Z At the moment the results are preliminary and show that an inkjet printer can be used to print two types of cells from the retina of adult rats―ganglion cells and glial cells. Scientists 'print' new eye cells 2013-12-18T00:54:26Z However, the brain contains at least as many glial cells. Neurobiology: Unrestrained excitement : Nature : Nature Publishing Group 2014-07-08T04:00:00Z Cells in the brain, probably the glial cells which keep nerve cells alive, shrink during sleep. Sleep 'cleans' the brain of toxins 2013-10-17T18:23:15Z You could think of mature oligodendrocytes as your brain’s electrical contractors: These glial cells sheath your neurons’ connective cables in the insulator protein myelin, which keeps synaptic signaling fast and efficient. A Secret Society of Cells Runs Your Brain 2013-06-24T22:45:05.087Z This cleansing also occurs in the brain when we are awake, but it’s reduced by about 15%, since the glial cells have less fluid space to work with when the neurons expand. The Power of Sleep 0002-11-29T05:00:00Z And logically so: neurons fire electrical impulses, whereas most glial cells do not. Brain's Glial Cells Spark Seizures 2013-05-23T12:45:00.377Z Increased proliferation and activation of glial cells is a well-established hallmark of epilepsy. Neurobiology: Unrestrained excitement : Nature : Nature Publishing Group 2014-07-08T04:00:00Z The researchers previously found that astrocytes, a star-shaped type of glial cell, regulate the brain chemicals involved in sleepiness. Why Sleep Deprivation Eases Depression 2013-04-26T11:15:00.723Z “Almost all glial cells express receptors for the same neurotransmitters that are sensed by neurons,” Bergles explains. A Secret Society of Cells Runs Your Brain 2013-06-24T22:45:05.087Z They also watch for microbes near another less well-known protective barrier in the brain, made up of a dense web of astrocytes, another type of glial cell. Wired and Wireless Components of the Brain 2013-03-14T17:15:00.450Z Looking through a microscope at a type of glial cell called an astrocyte, neuroscientist Maiken Nedergaard, was struck by a peculiar observation. Human Brain Cells Make Mice Smart 2013-03-07T17:45:00.740Z The human brain contains approximately 170 billion cells, 86 billion of which are neurons and 84 billion of which are glial cells—non-firing cells that assist neurons in various ways. To Combat Alzheimer's, Scientists Genetically Reprogram One Kind of Brain Cell Into Another 2012-10-04T17:45:12.103Z The main function of white matter, composed of glial cells and myelinated axons, is to pass messages between different grey matter areas. The story of a lonely brain 2012-10-01T23:15:06.163Z But unlike neurons, glial cells use this information for purposes we’re only beginning to understand. A Secret Society of Cells Runs Your Brain 2013-06-24T22:45:05.087Z But there’s another type of cell in the brain, called a glial cell, that creates the sheaths that protect neurons and the matrices in which they sit. Five Surprises From Billionaire Paul Allen's Mind Map 2012-09-19T17:46:45Z The ability of astrocytes to boost or diminish the strength of synaptic transmission provides the opportunity for these glial cells to participate in learning and other cognitive processes. Human Brain Cells Make Mice Smart 2013-03-07T17:45:00.740Z To track how isolation might affect the development of the myelin-producing glial cells, called oligodendrocytes, the researchers bred mice in which those cells would glow: They added green fluorescent protein to the creatures' oligodendrocytes. Early Isolation Impairs Brain Connections 2012-09-13T22:17:00Z Glial cells play a largely supportive role, protecting and nourishing neurons, but a type of glial cell known as an oligodendrocyte is also responsible for producing myelin. The story of a lonely brain 2012-10-01T23:15:06.163Z It’s clear, for one thing, that neural communication exerts a profound influence on the behavior of many types of glial cells. A Secret Society of Cells Runs Your Brain 2013-06-24T22:45:05.087Z The team’s findings are based on studies of how certain glial cells,which generally support neuron activity, activate in the brain andspinal cord when patients suffer chronic pain. Study: Heroin, morphine addictions can be blocked 2012-08-16T19:46:00Z The researchers compared mice with a normal glymphatic system to those with a disabled gene that prevented glial cells from assisting in the fluid flow. Brain's Drain: Neuroscientists Discover Cranial Cleansing System 2012-08-15T21:45:00.180Z There was also a striking difference in the rodents' brain tissue, highlighted by the glowing green glial cells. Early Isolation Impairs Brain Connections 2012-09-13T22:17:00Z Until recently, most scientists believed that neurons were the all-important brain cells controlling mental functions and that the surrounding glial cells were little more than neuron supporters and “glue.” Marijuana Reveals Memory Mechanism 2012-07-13T12:15:00.207Z The truths those experiments reveal are likely to continue reshaping our understanding of glial cells’ roles in sculpting our brains – just as the process of understanding itself resculpts our neural connections. A Secret Society of Cells Runs Your Brain 2013-06-24T22:45:05.087Z Neural and glial cells, often called the gray matter, begin to shrink as well, but more slowly. Mind games: Mental exercises are key to better brain function 2012-07-04T05:20:05Z The researchers christened the network the "glymphatic" system, a nod to both glial cells and its functional similarity to the lymphatic system. Brain's Drain: Neuroscientists Discover Cranial Cleansing System 2012-08-15T21:45:00.180Z Gray matter is largely made up of the unmyelinated parts of neurons—neurons that are not sheathed by glial cells—whereas white matter is comprised of axons wrapped in insulating oligodendrocytes. Know Your Neurons: What is the Ratio of Glia to Neurons in the Brain? 2012-06-13T15:45:02.603Z Normal brain function is regulated by the glial cells, which protect neurons and induce an inflammatory response if the brain is injured. New Epilepsy Tactic: Fight Inflammation 2012-06-04T20:13:33Z Unlike neurons and other glial cells, they begin in the embryonic yolk sac as immune-cell progenitors, just as the macrophages that patrol the bloodstream for foreign invaders do. Microglia: The constant gardeners 2012-05-30T17:50:34.540Z The human brain contains around 100 billion neurons and, by most estimates, somewhere between 10 to 50 times as many glial cells. Know Your Neurons: How to Classify Different Types of Neurons in the Brain's Forest 2012-05-16T15:45:00.207Z In addition, the researchers found that these glial cells mediate the channel's activity, assisting the flow of fluid through the channel. Brain's Drain: Neuroscientists Discover Cranial Cleansing System 2012-08-15T21:45:00.180Z A selection of different types of glial cells. Know Your Neurons: What is the Ratio of Glia to Neurons in the Brain? 2012-06-13T15:45:02.603Z There was nothing wrong with his white matter, a mesh of glial cells and sheathed tails of neurons that transmit outgoing signals in the brain. 9-Year-Old Boy's Shrinking Brain Disorder Baffles Doctors 2012-03-13T16:15:00.247Z For example, lymphoma is a disease of white blood cells called lymphocytes, and glioma is a disease of glial cells, which support neurons in the brain. Cancer: Solving an age-old problem 2012-02-29T18:21:13.613Z He speculated mine was a grade III glioma made up of a mix of both forms of glial cells. Cancer and Me 2011-08-09T14:41:00Z The inner layer is the retina itself, and contains several types of light-sensitive neuron, ganglion cells that conduct light information to the brain, and supporting glial cells. Stem Cells Make 'Retina in a Dish' 2011-04-06T21:15:00.253Z Subtracting that number from the total nuclei count tells her how many glial cells that section of brain contained. Know Your Neurons: What is the Ratio of Glia to Neurons in the Brain? 2012-06-13T15:45:02.603Z For example, there may also be more activity in glial cells, which aren't neurons but are critical to feeding energy to nerve cells. Study: Cell Phones Cause Change in Brain Activity 2011-02-23T01:06:34Z The cause, we believe, is an underlying hyperexcitability of the brain, particularly involving the neurons and glial cells in the cerebral cortex. Can Migraines Cause Mood Swings? 2010-08-04T13:46:00Z In the brain, for example, when there is a stroke or some other kind of lesion, there is often an overproliferation of nerve cells called glial cells. 2010-01-27T18:07:00Z As the axon-dendrite pathway is used repetitiously, the surrounding glial cells become larger and more tightly wrapped around the electrically conductive axon-dendrite pathways, thereby transforming the memory from a short-term memory to a long-term memory. Sequential Problem Solving A Student Handbook with Checklists for Successful Critical Thinking |
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英语例句辞典收录了117811条英语例句在线翻译词条，基本涵盖了全部常用单词及词组的例句翻译及用法，是英语学习的有利工具。