| 单词 | free-living |
| 例句 | The first living things may have been something like free-living viroids only a few hundred nucleotides long. Cosmos 1980-01-01T00:00:00Z Although sedentary in adult life, they discharge their spawn into the sea, where the young are free-living for a period of several weeks. Silent Spring 1962-09-27T00:00:00Z These factories exist in plant and animal cells today but may once themselves have been free-living cells. Cosmos 1980-01-01T00:00:00Z Every cell of your body is a kind of commune, with once free-living parts all banded together for the common good. Cosmos 1980-01-01T00:00:00Z They are much less closely related to me than to each other and to the free-living bacteria out under the hill. The Lives of a Cell 1974-01-01T00:00:00Z Were they once free-living in the wild and then induced to adopt a less strenuous life on the farm? Cosmos 1980-01-01T00:00:00Z In fact, there are three things that have to come together to produce free-living life-forms: the energy cycles that now power every living organism, a container cell and a replication process. Creation: The Origin of Life/The Future of Life by Adam Rutherford – review 2013-03-27T08:25:00Z Its title character might be a septuagenarian, but she is also a free-living, free-loving hedonist who introduces her timid nephew to all sorts of illicit pleasures. Review: ‘Travels With My Aunt’ Taps Into a Hidden Sense of Adventure 2015-10-15T04:00:00Z These power plants inside our cells descended from what were once free-living bacteria. Zen and the art of mitochondrial maintenance: The machinery of death makes a healthier life 2023-11-08T05:00:00Z Cross-sectional data is a useful source of evidence on how diet affects health; it uses data that is observed with free-living people, without attempting to influence their usual lifestyle. Is red meat intake linked to inflammation? 2023-10-26T04:00:00Z The “remarkable” new study shows that this division of labor happens in free-living larval forms as well, says Ryan Hechinger, a marine biologist at the Scripps Institution of Oceanography. ‘Mind-boggling’ sea creature spotted off Japan has finally been identified 2023-09-21T04:00:00Z Furthermore, the nematodes, or roundworms, possess a pseudocoelom and consist of both free-living and parasitic forms. Fundamentals of Biology 2015-01-01T00:00:00Z Interactions among the organisms that populate a biofilm, together with their protective environment, make these communities more robust than are free-living, or planktonic, prokaryotes. Concepts of Biology 2013-04-25T00:00:00Z More and more, though, scientists are learning that parasites are facing the same survival pressures as free-living animals, including climate change, habitat loss and other anthropogenic stressors. Parasites Revealed to Be ‘Unseen Influencers’ of All Ecosystems 2022-11-17T05:00:00Z In contrast, gut microbes with weaker ties to human evolution have traits and genes characteristic of free-living bacteria in the external environment. Humans evolved with their microbiomes 2022-09-30T04:00:00Z One such hypothesis, called devolution or the regressive hypothesis, proposes to explain the origin of viruses by suggesting that viruses evolved from free-living cells. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z In ferns, the gametophyte is free-living and very distinct in structure from the diploid sporophyte. Fundamentals of Biology 2015-01-01T00:00:00Z This phylum includes free-living as well as parasitic organisms. Concepts of Biology 2013-04-25T00:00:00Z Association between eating patterns and obesity in a free-living US adult population. High School Statistics 2020-03-27T00:00:00Z Our findings also help scientists better understand how microbes transition ecologically and evolutionarily from "free-living" in the environment to dependent on the conditions of the human gut. Humans evolved with their microbiomes 2022-09-30T04:00:00Z Symbionts may fix more nitrogen in soils than free-living organisms by a factor of 10. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z Some species in all orders bypass a free-living larval stage. Fundamentals of Biology 2015-01-01T00:00:00Z The flatworms are acoelomate organisms that include free-living and parasitic forms. Concepts of Biology 2013-04-25T00:00:00Z These bacteria range from free-living soil organisms to deadly parasites. Miller & Levine Biology 2018-01-01T00:00:00Z Nitrogen enters the living world through free-living and symbiotic bacteria, which incorporate nitrogen into their organic molecules through specialized biochemical processes. Environmental Biology 2018-09-06T00:00:00Z Flame cells are found in flatworms, including parasitic tapeworms and free-living planaria. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z Those partners could have been additional endosymbionts that were later lost, or free-living bacteria that passed one or a few of their genes to the ancestral host in a common process called horizontal gene transfer. Heated Debate Persists over the Origins of Complex Cells 2022-06-13T04:00:00Z The nematodes, or roundworms, possess a pseudocoelom and consist of both free-living and parasitic forms. Concepts of Biology 2013-04-25T00:00:00Z Another issue is that drinking habits were self-reported, an acknowledged downside of nutrition and lifestyle research among free-living humans. Wine with dinner to cut diabetes risk? Maybe, or maybe not 2022-06-06T04:00:00Z Just about every free-living species on the planet has at least one parasite specially evolved to exploit it. The Scientists Fighting for Parasite Conservation 2022-05-18T04:00:00Z In plants such as moss, the gametophyte organism is the free-living plant, and the sporophyte is physically dependent on the gametophyte. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z Cañestro believes that Oikopleura losing those genes accelerated its heart development, which could be adaptive for the creature’s free-living lifestyle because it needs to immediately begin pumping water and acquiring food after hatching. A Strange Creature Discards Genes to Make a Better Heart 2022-02-03T05:00:00Z As the atmosphere was oxygenated by photosynthesis, and as successful aerobic prokaryotes evolved, evidence suggests that an ancestral cell engulfed and kept alive a free-living, aerobic prokaryote. Concepts of Biology 2013-04-25T00:00:00Z Despite piecemeal surveillance, scientists in the United States have detected the pathogen’s spread into at least two free-living wild species. Animals That Infect Humans Are Scary. It’s Worse When We Infect Them Back. 2022-01-19T05:00:00Z In parasites, she began to discover an unseen world operating in parallel to the one of free-living species. The Scientists Fighting for Parasite Conservation 2022-05-18T04:00:00Z In other plants, such as ferns, both the gametophyte and sporophyte plants are free-living; however, the sporophyte is much larger. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z She speculates that they were once entire microbes, and were assimilated by Methanoperedens in much the same way that eukaryotic cells gained energy-generating mitochondria by assimilating free-living bacteria. Behold the ‘Borg’: Massive DNA Structures Perplex Scientists 2021-07-20T04:00:00Z A few protists live as colonies that behave in some ways as a group of free-living cells and in other ways as a multicellular organism. Concepts of Biology 2013-04-25T00:00:00Z The capabilities of wily, gunslinging, free-living cells may well exceed our dim primate imaginations. Can a Cell Make Decisions? 2021-05-22T04:00:00Z “Just like for free-living species, some parasite species do well under stress, and others don’t,” Lafferty says. The Scientists Fighting for Parasite Conservation 2022-05-18T04:00:00Z In soil, members of the genus Clostridium are examples of free-living, nitrogen-fixing bacteria. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z "As far as Norway is concerned, he's a free-living whale," said Mr Ree Wiig, an observer for the North Atlantic Marine Mammal Commission. Hvaldimir: Seeking sanctuary for whale dubbed a Russian spy 2021-05-09T04:00:00Z Maybe these protocells lost that competition and were excluded from all the niches available for free-living things. How viruses shape our world 2021-01-14T05:00:00Z Naegleria fowleri is a free-living microscopic amoeba, or single-celled living organism commonly found in warm freshwater and soil, according to the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Texas residents warned of tap water tainted with brain-eating microbe 2020-09-26T04:00:00Z Parasite conservation can simply piggyback on existing efforts to save imperiled free-living species. The Scientists Fighting for Parasite Conservation 2022-05-18T04:00:00Z The ability to luminesce does not benefit free-living bacteria, so free-living bacteria do not produce luciferase. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z Naegleria fowleri is a free-living microscopic amoeba, or single-celled living organism commonly found in warm freshwater and soil, according to the U.S Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Houston-area water may be tainted with brain-eating microbe 2020-09-26T04:00:00Z There are already a small number of European bison in the UK in zoos or wildlife parks, but these are not free-living. Wild bison to return to UK for first time in 6,000 years 2020-07-10T04:00:00Z Survival of released individuals is severely undermined if there are no free-living elder role models. The secret call of the wild: how animals teach each other to survive 2020-04-09T04:00:00Z It’s still unclear how much of a role these worms play compared to free-living bacteria known to prevent much of the greenhouse gas from escaping the ocean. Deep-sea tube worms get an assist from methane-eating bacteria 2020-04-03T04:00:00Z Luciferase is toxic to free-living bacteria, so free-living bacteria do not produce this enzyme. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z As of 2009, the Australian government numbered the feral descendants as close to 1 million, the largest herd of free-living camels in the world. Victorian efforts to export animals to new worlds failed, mostly 2020-01-26T05:00:00Z In the late 1900s, researchers discovered that mitochondria were free-living bacteria at some point in the past. This Strange Microbe May Mark One of Life’s Great Leaps 2020-01-15T05:00:00Z When you look at free-living animals, you don’t usually see culture. The secret call of the wild: how animals teach each other to survive 2020-04-09T04:00:00Z This may seem intuitive, but demonstrating it with data collected from free-living whales was a gargantuan challenge. Why are whales big, but not bigger? 2019-12-16T05:00:00Z In some plants, such as ferns, both the haploid and diploid plant stages are free-living. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z “I do think there are ways to get accurate data in free-living people,” Dr. Lydia Bazzano, an epidemiologist at the Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, says. Why Isn’t There a Diet That Works for Everyone? 2019-10-24T04:00:00Z "The ability to predict body mass from free-living whales opens up the opportunity for us to look at animals over time and look at how they change, how they grow," says Prof Christiansen. How to weigh a whale without a scale 2019-10-01T04:00:00Z “This is not a fault with the study, but it is a serious issue when attempting to extrapolate the findings to free-living people.” A New Theory of Obesity 2019-09-24T04:00:00Z They appear in the first molars of free-living wild primates, as well as in captive ones, and many show strongly marked birth lines. The birth certificate in your mouth 2019-09-08T04:00:00Z If only they didn’t want this free-living life. America's lost street kids: the scapegoating of troubled youths 2019-09-05T04:00:00Z The soil and free-living samples contained the widest range of microbes. No microbiome is an island, unprecedented survey of Hawaiian valley reveals 2019-08-28T04:00:00Z Much of this fixation is done by free-living nitrogen-fixing bacteria. Can Soil Microbes Slow Climate Change? 2019-03-26T04:00:00Z In addition to fossils of free-living parasites, there are parasites preserved with their hosts, eggs, and evidence of parasite-caused damage, Leung notes. The Lost World of Prehistoric Parasites 2018-11-17T05:00:00Z We learn how molecular sequencing helped test and eventually prove the endosymbiont hypothesis for the origin of mitochondria and chloroplasts; these eukaryotic organelles are now known to have evolved from once free-living bacteria. The band of biologists who redrew the tree of life 2018-07-30T04:00:00Z Just as we have defenses against free-living viruses, we have also developed defenses against endogenous retroviruses. Ancient Viruses Are Buried in Your DNA 2017-10-04T04:00:00Z But these animals are always trained or domesticated, not free-living wild creatures. How a Wild Bird Leads People to Honey 2016-07-27T04:00:00Z The results show that “there is communication between humans and free-living wild animals that the animals understand,” Spottiswoode says. First Proof That Wild Animals Really Can Communicate With Us 2016-07-21T04:00:00Z The Coppingers calculated that in the tropics it takes about 100 people to produce enough garbage to support seven free-living dogs. The World Is Full of Dogs Without Collars 2016-04-18T04:00:00Z This minimal number is lower than in any known free-living bug in nature. Synthetic bug given 'fewest genes' - BBC News 2016-03-25T04:00:00Z The design of their experiment relies on strict control of food intake -- which "is unrealistic in free-living individuals," they said. Scientists (sort of) settle debate on low-carb vs. low-fat diets 2015-08-14T04:00:00Z Turns out, all species of free-living great apes use gestures to communicate. Here's What Would Happen If Animals Could Talk 2015-07-22T04:00:00Z They contain their own DNA, which is more like that of free-living bacteria than the genes in the cell’s nucleus. Under the Sea, a Missing Link in the Evolution of Complex Cells 2015-05-06T04:00:00Z Mitochondria and chloroplasts, researchers agree, are descended from formerly free-living prokaryotes that took up residence in other ancient cells. Deep-ocean microbe is closest living relative of complex cells 2015-05-06T04:00:00Z “The problem is demonstrating the efficacy of salt lowering in the American free-living population.” More scientists doubt salt is as bad for you as the government says 2015-04-06T04:00:00Z By that time, Leakey had garnered support from the National Geographic Society for continuing excavations at Olduvai, and he told its board about the young woman he sponsored who had made friends with free-living apes. Jane Goodall Is Still Wild at Heart 2015-03-13T04:00:00Z They are the distant descendants of free-living bacteria that, in the deep evolutionary past, became symbiotic with the cells they now inhabit. A dad and two mums 2015-02-05T05:00:00Z Mitochondria's ancestor was a free-living bacterium that another single-celled organism ingested. Were Cellular Powerhouses Once Parasites? 2015-01-25T05:00:00Z As Dhurandhar put it, their study was all about timing: to eat or not to eat breakfast “didn’t influence weight loss in free-living people trying to lose weight on their own.” Snap Crackle And Pop Goes The Conventional Wisdom About Breakfast And Weight Loss 2014-06-04T04:00:00Z The mitochondrion, according to one popular theory, was once a free-living bacterium that became trapped in a host cell, where it boosted the cell's capacity to generate the energy-carrying molecule ATP. Reproductive medicine: The power of three 2014-05-20T04:00:00Z Such a large set of coexisting subpopulations may be a general feature of free-living bacterial species with huge populations in highly mixed habitats. [Report] Single-Cell Genomics Reveals Hundreds of Coexisting Subpopulations in Wild Prochlorococcus 2014-04-29T14:56:47.962Z Their study was part of a new attempt by field scientists to conduct experiments with wild, free-living animals. ScienceTake: For These Monkeys, Mother Knows Best 2014-03-24T18:33:50Z More than 600 million years ago, chloroplasts were free-living photosynthetic cyanobacteria often swallowed and digested by larger cells. Leafy Green `Solar-Powered' Sea Slugs Begin to Reveal Their True Colors 2013-12-16T18:45:08.063Z Macrophages, which may share evolutionary roots with free-living amoebas, do virtually the same job in humans that amoebas do in the environment: they crawl around eating things. Accident of Evolution Allows Fungi to Thrive in Our Bodies 2013-11-23T14:15:00.387Z Dr. Claverie speculates that pandoraviruses and other giant viruses evolved from free-living microbes that branched off from other life several billion years ago. Changing View on Viruses: Not So Small After All 2013-07-18T18:00:12Z Indeed, most accounts of responses by captive and free-living primates indicate that climbing up is a more likely response. Chimps in Uganda: Earthquake on Chimp Mountain 2013-07-09T15:45:09.357Z "Populations deemed 'rare' receive special exemption from the need for passports and microchips whilst remaining free-living," she said. Mountain wild ponies breed 'unique' 2013-04-26T07:56:29Z Before they became our personal power plants, mitochondria were free-living microbes. How genetic plunder transformed a microbe into a pink, salt-loving scavenger 2013-04-22T20:45:00.360Z One common flaw is true of all free-living diet trials: the investigators simply fail to control what the participants actually eat. Treat obesity as physiology, not physics 2012-12-12T18:20:11.473Z With enough replicates, a picture emerges of what usually happens as these beetles crawl along the evolutionary path, from free-living to an advanced state of myrmecophily. The Bizarre, Beetle-Biased World of Social Insect Exploitation 2012-12-10T14:45:00.213Z How the animals lost their sensors For free-living organisms, the ability to sense and respond to the outside environment is crucial for survival. How the animals lost their sensors 2012-11-25T17:45:00.383Z Indeed, most studies of free-living chimpanzees have been conducted at a handful of long-term field sites in protected areas, like Jane Goodall’s famous chimpanzees of Gombe National Park, Tanzania. Chimps in Uganda: Two weeks and counting . 2012-09-10T20:45:19.167Z The authors concluded that "the likely liability in iron nutriture in free-living, elderly white Americans eating a Western diet is high iron stores, not iron deficiency." Well: A Host of Ills When Iron's Out of Balance 2012-08-13T04:01:01Z If either worked, it would represent the smallest genetic code of any free-living creature on earth, one that would be impossible to dismiss as a copy. Craig Venter’s Bugs Might Save the World 2012-05-30T15:30:01Z It may help identify preadaptations that make certain groups so prone to sacrifice a free-living existence for a myrmecophilous one. The Bizarre, Beetle-Biased World of Social Insect Exploitation 2012-12-10T14:45:00.213Z Plants and cyanobacteria both move in response to light, but what about the chloroplasts–the descendants of free-living photosynthetic bacteria that power plant cells? Living Photography 2012-05-13T01:15:00.197Z But what is the identity of the extant free-living bacterium that is most closely related to the mitochondria/Rickettsiales? Mitiochondria Are Related to Ocean Bacteria, But Not to the Ones We Thought 2012-04-16T19:45:00.240Z It is curious, but true, that this most sagacious statesman was, in a scholarly age, no scholar, and that this fastidious connoisseur of Art was, in a coarse age, exceptionally plain spoken and free-living. Through East Anglia in a Motor Car 2012-02-22T03:00:21.787Z What was the fewest number of genes that could sustain a free-living organism? Craig Venter’s Bugs Might Save the World 2012-05-30T15:30:01Z Legionella live within and, in fact, parasitize free-living amoebae in nature*. Legionnaire's Disease at the Luxor: What Causes It? 2012-02-01T15:45:00.217Z The newest frog species is also being cited as the world’s smallest vertebrate, although it’s more correctly the smallest free-living vertebrate. Tiny Frog Makes Big Claim 2012-01-13T22:15:05.573Z Unless laboratory conditions closely resemble those in the field, shedding frequencies in captives probably differ much from those of free-living snakes. Natural History of Cottonmouth Moccasin, Agkistrodon piscovorus (Reptilia) 2011-12-17T03:00:17.963Z Was it, perhaps, the age he lived in? the blasé, free-thinking, free-living set he had become identified with, tipping the delicately adjusted balance to the wrong side. Paddy-The-Next-Best-Thing 2011-12-08T03:00:28.210Z There is something here besides a sense that the joyousness of simple free-living and the loyalty of love-service are passing away; he attributes much of the social decline to national confusion and the political unrestraint. Studies in Medi?val Life and Literature 2011-10-29T02:00:13.050Z Known dates for nesting of free-living females were distributed rather evenly through the month of June. Natural History of the Ornate Box Turtle, Terrapene ornata ornata Agassiz 2011-10-01T02:00:30.200Z So we celebrate the world’s smallest frog and free-living vertebrate. Tiny Frog Makes Big Claim 2012-01-13T22:15:05.573Z Temperature responses in free-living amphibians and reptiles in northeastern Kansas. Natural History of Cottonmouth Moccasin, Agkistrodon piscovorus (Reptilia) 2011-12-17T03:00:17.963Z A circadian pacemaker in free-living chipmunks: essential for survival? City Of Light: Insomniac Urban Animals 2011-08-19T02:15:05.347Z The elegant class of goods displayed in some of these establishments shows that the population is an habitually extravagant and free-living one. Equatorial America Descriptive of a Visit to St. Thomas, Martinique, Barbadoes, and the Principal Capitals of South America 2011-08-05T02:00:46.387Z Intensive field studies were made of free-living, marked populations in two small areas of Douglas County, Kansas, in the period 1954 to 1956. Natural History of the Ornate Box Turtle, Terrapene ornata ornata Agassiz 2011-10-01T02:00:30.200Z A thriving commercial center, Corinth was also famous for its vases and free-living women in the Temple of Aphrodite. Letter to the Corinthians: Yes, we can 2011-07-11T08:12:13Z Though not widely experienced, he had met this sort of revolt degenerated into mere free-living. Nobody's Child 2011-06-29T02:00:24.827Z We can also better picture how a shell-toting hermit ancestor eventually gave rise to large free-living king crab by considering the lifestyle of the coconut crab. Remarkable Creatures: A Lesson of Genealogy: Looks Can Be Deceiving 2011-05-23T21:43:17Z "We tried to disentangle the 'genetic link' and the 'exposure' hypothesis in free-living feral pigeons Columba livia," Ms Jacquin reported. Dark feathers make healthy birds 2011-04-01T08:20:11Z Slightly less than half of the free-living individuals studied grew in the season of hatching. Natural History of the Ornate Box Turtle, Terrapene ornata ornata Agassiz 2011-10-01T02:00:30.200Z While their free-living relatives continue to evolve, fossil viruses are effectively frozen in time. 2010-01-12T05:27:00Z CHAETOSOMATIDA, a small group of minute, free-living, aquatic organisms which are usually placed as an annex to the Nematoda. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 5, Slice 7 "Cerargyrite" to "Charing Cross" The one, accordingly, is free-living, genial, generous, careless; the other laborious, exact, routine-ridden. Appearances Being Notes of Travel For these courtiers, soldiers, and sportsmen were united merely by the obvious characteristics of a high-spirited, free-living race. The History of Sir Richard Calmady A Romance This robust, free-loving, and free-living maiden attracts us by her vigorous participation in Nature, when, for instance, she leaps into the water, and sports in the element like a fish. Maxim Gorki These free-living men! of what absurdities are they not guilty! The History of Sir Charles Grandison, Volume 4 (of 7) Already she had had her initiation into the vices that proved her undoing; for in a Court noted for its free-living, she was known for her love of the table and the wine-bottle. Love affairs of the Courts of Europe O what wretches are these free-living men, who love to tread in intricate paths; and, when once they err, know not how far out of the way their headstrong course may lead them! Clarissa Harlowe; or the history of a young lady — Volume 7 He was a good deal about--a rather free-living, self-indulgent sort of chap. The Rome Express Metamorphosis of structure in Amphibia and in Flat-fishes corresponds to the change of conditions of life in the free-living animal. Hormones and Heredity These two officers belonged to what Morny called "the cream of indebted and free-living colonels." The History of a Crime The Testimony of an Eye-Witness The original development of the Malacostraca starting from the Nauplius, or the lowest free-living grade with which we are acquainted in the class of Crustacea, is now-a-days nearly effaced in the majority of them. Facts and Arguments for Darwin Such are the effects of time, illness, and free-living, upon one of the strongest constitutions and finest forms the world ever saw. Barry Lyndon The point of this discovery was that it proved Haldin to have been familiar with that horse-owning peasant—a reckless, independent, free-living fellow not much liked by the other inhabitants of the house. Under Western Eyes You remember how Stevens passed out last year—free-living and easy, everybody's friend but his own. On the Makaloa Mat |
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