| 单词 | fluorine |
| 例句 | A poor pharmacist with little in the way of advanced apparatus, he discovered eight elements–chlorine, fluorine, manganese, barium, molybdenum, tungsten, nitrogen, and oxygen–and got credit for none of them. A Short History of Nearly Everything 2003-05-06T00:00:00Z “Hydrogen, helium, lithium, beryllium, boron, carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, fluorine,” I say. What If It's Us 2018-10-09T00:00:00Z “I will roar argon into chlorine, xenon into fluorine, all the noble gases into reactive ones,” she writes. Books of The Times: Jessica Stern?s ?Denial? Returns to a Dark Past 2010-06-24T20:41:00Z The adulteration of food had become so brazen that manufacturers openly advertised products like “mineraline,” “fluorine” and Freezine that either substituted for real ingredients or disguised the presence of spoilage. The Man Who Pioneered Food Safety 2018-10-16T04:00:00Z Bromide is an endocrine disruptor and part of the halide family which includes fluorine, chlorine and iodine. 5 awful things in the food you eat every day 2014-02-14T13:00:00Z “I look at her as fluorine, which is a highly reactive element,” Mr. De Paolis said. It Was in the Heavens and the Periodic Table 2019-09-21T04:00:00Z Six tested positive for fluorine — including all three Glide products. Is my dental floss actually toxic? Why TikTok is abuzz with "forever chemicals" in our oral care 2023-11-03T04:00:00Z In the case of LiF crystals, these positrons may attract two neighboring fluorine negative ions on the surface to form a positronic compound. Ionic crystal generates molecular ions upon positron irradiation, finds new study 2023-10-10T04:00:00Z The carbon and fluorine atoms are connected so tightly that they just don’t want to come apart. Scientists Find Way to Break Down “Forever Chemicals” 2022-08-23T04:00:00Z Formally called perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances, the chemicals are created by fusing fluorine and carbon atoms to create a compound that doesn’t exist naturally. How Widespread Are These Toxic Chemicals? They’re Everywhere. 2023-02-22T05:00:00Z The researchers looked for total fluorine levels in the products to indicate the presence of PFAS. School uniforms in N America linked to PFAS "forever chemicals" 2022-09-21T04:00:00Z A molecule of sulfur hexafluoride has six bonding pairs of electrons connecting six fluorine atoms to a single sulfur atom. Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z In LiF , the lithium atom acquires a negative charge, and the fluorine atom acquires a positive charge. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z That allowed the chain of carbon and fluorine atoms to “unzip”, breaking the bonds between them. Scientists Find Way to Break Down “Forever Chemicals” 2022-08-23T04:00:00Z Normally to burn something, you have to break the bond, but fluorine resists breaking off from carbon. How to destroy a "forever chemical": Scientists are discovering ways to eliminate PFAS 2022-08-20T04:00:00Z What’s left behind, Trang says, is mostly easily captured fluorine ions, and a mixture of harmless, naturally occurring carbon and oxygen containing byproducts, her team reports today in Science. Simple mix of soap and solvent could help destroy ‘forever chemicals’ 2022-08-17T04:00:00Z Yes, fluorine is a smaller atom than Li, so atoms in the 2s orbital are closer to the nucleus and more stable. Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z Group 17 elements, including fluorine and chlorine, have seven electrons in their outmost shells, so they tend to fill this shell with an electron from other atoms or molecules, making them negatively charged ions. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z Each molecule is a long carbon chain studded with fluorine atoms. Forever Chemicals No More? PFAS Are Destroyed With New Technique 2022-08-18T04:00:00Z The atomic number for the element fluorine is 9 and its mass number is 19. Environmental Biology 2018-09-06T00:00:00Z Examples include copper, arsenic, mercury, fluorine, sodium, and boron. Physical Geology 2015-01-01T00:00:00Z Compounds with oxygen are prepared by replacing fluorine atoms in the xenon fluorides with oxygen. Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z The ionized form of fluorine is called fluoride, and is written as F–. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z The bonds between the carbon and fluorine are so strong that they can’t be broken by water, enzymes from bacteria or other natural substances. Forever Chemicals No More? PFAS Are Destroyed With New Technique 2022-08-18T04:00:00Z How many neutrons does a normal atom of fluorine have? Environmental Biology 2018-09-06T00:00:00Z In some areas, groundwater in the Nanaimo Group has fluorine levels that are well above recommended levels for drinking water. Physical Geology 2015-01-01T00:00:00Z It reacts explosively with oxygen, fluorine, and chlorine, less readily with bromine, and much less readily with iodine, sulfur, and nitrogen. Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z Its particular configuration of carbon and fluorine is “really stable and will be really persistent in the environment,” says University of Porto researcher Maria de Fátima Carvalho, a co-author of the new paper. Pesticides Are Spreading Toxic ‘Forever Chemicals,’ Scientists Warn 2022-06-15T04:00:00Z The fluorine atoms lose their link to the carbon atoms, becoming harmless. Forever Chemicals No More? PFAS Are Destroyed With New Technique 2022-08-18T04:00:00Z In the U.S., only California sets a limit of 100 parts per million of total fluorine in food packaging. Pressure growing to remove PFAS from fast food wrappers 2022-06-01T04:00:00Z The halides are so named because the anions include the halogen elements chlorine, fluorine, bromine, etc. Physical Geology 2015-01-01T00:00:00Z The three heaviest noble gases react with fluorine to form fluorides. Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z “And there’s no product that really comes close to creating the ski speed that the fluorine does.” No instant testing for toxic ski waxes at the Olympics 2022-01-26T05:00:00Z The compounds’ basic structure—a string of carbon atoms swathed in fluorine—resists degradation, earning them the nickname “forever chemicals.” Maine’s ban on ‘forever chemicals’ marks a big win for some scientists 2021-08-27T04:00:00Z The study found fluorine in 56 percent of foundations and eye products, 48 percent of lip products and 47 percent of mascaras. Senate bill would ban toxic ‘forever chemicals’ in makeup, which new study found are often unlabeled 2021-06-15T04:00:00Z Signals from fluoride ions, along with their corresponding atom fluorine, are too weak to detect with standard portable equipment. Volcanic Ash Threatens Pompeii’s Buried Murals 2021-04-20T04:00:00Z What mass of fluorine atoms in mg was present? Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z The groups agreed that starting in 2020, all ski waxes would adhere to the new standard, which includes reducing or eliminating C8 fluorine in ski waxes, he said. No instant testing for toxic ski waxes at the Olympics 2022-01-26T05:00:00Z The best choices rely on the fewest chemicals, such as fluorine, that might leach into your food or the environment after they’re used. Perspective | All my takeout has delivered a mountain of trash. So I asked experts how to minimize it. 2020-09-14T04:00:00Z My fluorine dreams are of burning: of launch-pad fires like Apollo 1, of midair explosions like Challenger, or heat-shield failures like Columbia; short circuit, exterior delamination, straying too near the Sun. Halogen nightmares 2020-09-01T04:00:00Z The calcium interacts with any nearby fluorine to form calcium fluoride, which then emits a characteristic wavelength of light. Volcanic Ash Threatens Pompeii’s Buried Murals 2021-04-20T04:00:00Z The military has experimented with lasers that produce very intense light when fluorine combines explosively with hydrogen. Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z And since the fluorine tracker is still being developed and refined, those waxes can’t be detected on the spot. No instant testing for toxic ski waxes at the Olympics 2022-01-26T05:00:00Z Inside the clean room equipment, high-energy plasma is used to break these perfluorocarbon gases apart, which subsequently releases highly corrosive fluorine. The environmental impact of a PlayStation 4 2019-12-05T05:00:00Z Breathe a lung full of fluorine gas and you will die horribly, in agony as your lungs blister with chemical burns. Why Carbon? 2019-10-22T04:00:00Z The compound, difluoro-diphenyl-trichloro-ethane is the same molecule as DDT, except with fluorine atoms replacing two of the chlorines. A Nazi Version of DDT Was Forgotten. Could It Help Fight Malaria? 2019-10-17T04:00:00Z Xenon will be the central atom because fluorine cannot be a central atom: Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z One well-established way to protect molecules from such degradation involves the use of fluorine atoms. Fluorinated compounds present opportunities for drug discovery 2019-09-03T04:00:00Z All 18 bowls tested contained high levels of fluorine, according to Graham Peaslee, the University of Notre Dame chemist who conducted our test. Is your takeout lunch bowl covered in toxic 'forever chemicals'? | Joe Fassler 2019-08-16T04:00:00Z Iron bonds to arsenic and antimony, to chlorine and fluorine, to nitrogen and phosphorus, even to carbon in a variety of iron carbide minerals. Why Carbon? 2019-10-22T04:00:00Z Yan says his group is trying to tweak its organic electrode—adding fluorine, among other things—to do just that. Sodium batteries are one step closer to saving you from a mobile phone fire 2019-04-19T04:00:00Z Derive the equation relating atomic fluorine concentration to molecular fluorine concentration. Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z But the synthesis of molecules in which amides and fluorine atoms are closely associated is far from straightforward. Fluorinated compounds present opportunities for drug discovery 2019-09-03T04:00:00Z After the new standard kicks in, a product will need to contain less than 100 parts per million total fluorine to be certified. Is your takeout lunch bowl covered in toxic 'forever chemicals'? | Joe Fassler 2019-08-16T04:00:00Z In the 1930s, the chemical industry created surfactant compounds with a unique ability to repel both grease and water, because their carbon chains were swaddled in fluorine atoms. Tainted water: the scientists tracing thousands of fluorinated chemicals in our environment 2019-02-05T05:00:00Z In the 1960s, she studied the combustion of gaseous mixtures of fluorine, oxygen and hydrogen: fluorine’s high reactivity gave it a potential use in rocket propellants. Celebrate the women behind the periodic table 2019-01-27T05:00:00Z What is the rate constant for the decomposition of fluorine-18? Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z Researchers from the same group as Scattolin et al. previously used3,4 silver ions to promote the replacement of sulfur atoms by fluorine. Fluorinated compounds present opportunities for drug discovery 2019-09-03T04:00:00Z UF6, produced by combining “yellowcake” uranium ore concentrate with fluorine, is a precursor of enriched uranium, which fuels the world’s nuclear plants. French Orano opens uranium conversion plant despite glut 2018-09-10T04:00:00Z High-temperature incineration could break the strong carbon–fluorine bond, and the Boggy Creek foam was ultimately incinerated at more than 1,100 °C, says Ross. Tainted water: the scientists tracing thousands of fluorinated chemicals in our environment 2019-02-05T05:00:00Z Detecting uranium or fluorine alone would not work, because both are relatively abundant, but the uranium–fluorine bond is unique to nuclear programmes. North Korean disarmament: build technology and trust 2018-06-06T04:00:00Z Fluorine does not form compounds in which it exhibits positive oxidation states; oxygen exhibits a positive oxidation state only when combined with fluorine. Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z CFCs are molecules made up of carbon atoms linked to chlorine and fluorine atoms, halogen elements that render the molecule volatile but particularly nonreactive, Ferry told Live Science. Earth's Ozone Layer is Under Attack--Again 2018-05-22T04:00:00Z In the 1980s, researchers added fluorine atoms to the quinolones’ structures. When antibiotics turn toxic 2018-03-20T04:00:00Z Their carbon–fluorine bonds are among the strongest known in nature — so the molecules don’t degrade. Tainted water: the scientists tracing thousands of fluorinated chemicals in our environment 2019-02-05T05:00:00Z His work on fluorine chemistry helped thousands of researchers to study and develop many fluorinated pharmaceuticals. George Andrew Olah (1927-2017) : Nature : Nature Research 2017-04-11T04:00:00Z On the other hand, fluorine compounds with oxygen are fluorides because fluorine is the more electronegative element. Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z “This is an area where we are aligned with the environmental benefits,” Kenneth Gayer, vice president of fluorine products at Honeywell, said in an interview. How the Chemical Industry Joined the Fight Against Climate Change 2016-10-16T04:00:00Z “We anticipated the need for these products,” said Ken Gayer, vice president and general manager of the fluorine products division at Honeywell. Cooling Appliance Makers Brace for Post-HFC Era 2016-10-16T04:00:00Z Some PFASs now contain a double bond, or a chlorine or hydrogen atom in place of a fluorine. Tainted water: the scientists tracing thousands of fluorinated chemicals in our environment 2019-02-05T05:00:00Z But it’s not until the late 1940s to early 1950s that a series of scientific analyses—chemical, radiometric tests, and, specifically, a fluorine test—become available to determine whether all the bone pieces belong together. Meet 7 Celebrity Fossils and Find Out What Made Them Famous The only known oxyacid of fluorine is the very unstable hypofluorous acid, HOF, which is prepared by the reaction of gaseous fluorine with ice: Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z A specific challenge for many researchers is to find better ways of creating the carbon–fluorine bonds at the heart of fluorinated compounds that are widely used in pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals and medical imaging. The new breed of cutting-edge catalysts 2016-09-05T04:00:00Z Federal support of basic research, such as this on fluorine chemistry, is critical to our future. This shows why federal research support is critical 2016-07-03T04:00:00Z Ideally, chemists would find a way to remove fluorine atoms from the carbon chains to form stable, safe fluoride ions. Tainted water: the scientists tracing thousands of fluorinated chemicals in our environment 2019-02-05T05:00:00Z For the chemical coating, they used a compound of fluorine, called fluorosilane, to coat the rough polypropylene they created. Bottles That Could Make Every Drop of Shampoo Count 2016-06-26T04:00:00Z These are the elements fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine, and astatine. Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z The company says that it is considering ways to contain the thorium, and that it will lock up fluorine by converting it into a marketable mineral. Cold truths at the top of the world 2016-04-18T04:00:00Z With an atomic number of nine, fluorine sits between oxygen and neon on the periodic table but is much rarer than either. How neutrinos saved your teeth from cavities 2015-09-11T04:00:00Z These create tiny bubbles that expand, contract and ultimately explode; the temperatures on the bubbles’ surfaces are high enough to split fluorine from carbon. Tainted water: the scientists tracing thousands of fluorinated chemicals in our environment 2019-02-05T05:00:00Z "The result of this extreme reactivity of the element fluorine itself means that its compounds are staggeringly stable," explains Sella. How 1970s deodorant is still doing harm - BBC News 2015-06-05T04:00:00Z Wood and asbestos ignite and burn in fluorine gas. Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z Fluoride is the name given to a group of compounds composed of the naturally occurring element fluorine and one or more other elements. Water fluoridation debate reignites in Western Pennsylvania 2015-03-17T04:00:00Z Other processes also create fluorine, but not enough to explain such high abundances, the astronomers conclude. How neutrinos saved your teeth from cavities 2015-09-11T04:00:00Z The Metropolis Honeywell plant uses a fluorine chemical process to convert raw uranium into a nuclear fuel precursor. The Trouble With That Noxious Haze At The Illinois Nuclear-Fuel Plant 2014-10-29T04:00:00Z The most notorious are the chlorofluorocarbons, or CFCs - bundles of fluorine, carbon and chlorine - which were found in the 1980s to be destroying the ozone layer. How 1970s deodorant is still doing harm - BBC News 2015-06-05T04:00:00Z However, it is possible to handle fluorine in copper, iron, or nickel containers because an adherent film of the fluoride salt passivates their surfaces. Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z The segment also manufactures specialty materials and chemicals such as hydrocarbon processing technologies, catalysts, adsorbents, fluorine products, specialty films and additives, advanced fibers and composites, intermediates, electronic materials and chemicals. New Coverage Launch By Trefis: $107 Price Estimate For Honeywell International Inc. -- Part 3 2014-10-01T04:00:00Z Because hydrogen fluoride molecules break down at high temperatures, the spectra of warmer stars show less of the gas than those of cooler ones do—even if the warmer stars contain just as much fluorine. How neutrinos saved your teeth from cavities 2015-09-11T04:00:00Z And it is probably the least well known - chlorine we know from swimming pools, iodine from antiseptics, and fluorine from toothpaste. Who's afraid of bromine? 2014-09-26T04:00:00Z Consider Teflon, which comprises long chains of carbon atoms surrounded in fluorine. How 1970s deodorant is still doing harm - BBC News 2015-06-05T04:00:00Z Although it is a strong oxidizing agent, chlorine is less active than fluorine. Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z Chlorine is also attractive to apatite, but not quite as much as fluorine. Doubt cast on evidence for wet Moon 2014-03-22T14:50:30Z So is the amount of fluorine in stars large or small? How neutrinos saved your teeth from cavities 2015-09-11T04:00:00Z The Manhattan Project, and later the Atomic Energy Commission, mixed the uranium with fluorine to create a gas. Company Struggles to Keep U.S. in the Uranium Enrichment Game 2014-01-28T01:46:12Z In this case the researchers have proposed a structure with fluorine atoms added to a single layer of tin atoms. Coordinates: Designing the Next Wave of Computer Chips 2014-01-09T22:41:11Z Stable compounds of xenon form when xenon reacts with fluorine. Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z “But under high pressure, the electrons from cesium’s inner shells start to form molecules with fluorine.” A Basic Rule of Chemistry Can Be Broken, Calculations Show 2013-11-21T12:45:00.513Z Verne Smith, an astronomer at the National Optical Astronomy Observatory in Tucson, Arizona, who was not part of either research group, thinks the two studies indicate that both sources of fluorine are important. How neutrinos saved your teeth from cavities 2015-09-11T04:00:00Z This is because fluorine is almost colorless to yellow, chlorine is green, bromine brown, and iodine a violet color. A Tale of 7 Elements: Element 85 Astatine [Excerpt] 2013-07-05T14:15:00.623Z I work in the area of fluorine 18 radiochemistry. 30 under 30: Harnessing Radioactive Elements for Medicine 2013-06-05T11:45:00.330Z Recall that oxygen is generally assigned a –2 oxidation number unless it is elemental or attached to a fluorine. Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z The compound used fluorine, which made it costly and hazardous to the environment. How to Make CO2 Better at Extracting Oil 2012-10-22T15:15:00.957Z When a massive star explodes, it unleashes 1058 neutrinos that are so energetic a few knock a proton or neutron off some of the star's many neon nuclei, producing fluorine. How neutrinos saved your teeth from cavities 2015-09-11T04:00:00Z Aside from the fluorine, the uranium hexafluoride itself also poses dire consequences. The Myth of "Surgical Strikes" on Iran 2012-10-18T17:05:35Z But, it later turned out, that action also rubs bits of Teflon—the familiar polymer of nonstick fry pans made of carbon and fluorine atoms—off of two seals in the drill assembly. NASA Rover Will Contaminate Its Samples of Mars 2012-06-11T22:04:10Z The free element melts at −220 °C and boils at −188 °C. Finely divided metals burn in fluorine with a bright flame. Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z The hones yield on analysis 98% of silica, with small proportions of alumina, potash and soda, and mere traces of iron, lime, magnesia and fluorine. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 13, Slice 6 "Home, Daniel" to "Hortensius, Quintus" 2012-03-15T02:00:32.250Z Shaffer counters that upgrading cyclotrons is less expensive than building a new nuclear facility, and outlying hospitals already receive regular supplies of fluorine-18 and other short-lived compounds. Nuclear Reactors Not Needed to Make the Most Common Medical Isotope 2012-02-20T17:59:50Z In the spring of 1813 he was engaged on the chemistry of fluorine, and though he failed to isolate the element, he reached accurate conclusions regarding its nature and properties. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 7, Slice 10 "David, St" to "Demidov" 2012-02-17T03:00:33.923Z It produces mostly small, easily identified compounds of carbon and fluorine, he says. NASA Rover Will Contaminate Its Samples of Mars 2012-06-11T22:04:10Z Nineteen grams of fluorine will react with 1.0 gram of hydrogen. Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z CRYOLITE, a mineral discovered in Greenland by the Danes in 1794, and found to be a compound of fluorine, sodium and aluminium. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 7, Slice 7 "Crocoite" to "Cuba" 2012-01-22T03:00:24.397Z The term is applied to the four elements fluorine, chlorine, bromine and iodine, on account of the great similarity of their sodium salts to ordinary sea-salt. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 12, Slice 8 "Haller, Albrecht" to "Harmonium" 2012-01-02T03:00:22.443Z They must have contained fluorine, boron and probably also lithium, for topaz, mica and tourmaline, the new minerals of the granite, contain these elements. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 12, Slice 5 "Greek Law" to "Ground-Squirrel" 2011-12-05T03:00:51.527Z The salts of potassa, magnesia, and iron, of manganese, silica, and fluorine, are always present, and perform services of greater or less obvious moment in the animal economy. Martyria or Andersonville Prison 2011-10-22T02:00:28.563Z A sample of a compound of xenon and fluorine was confined in a bulb with a pressure of 18 torr. Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z The other twelve elements included in the twenty vary in amount from a proportion of 0.41% in the case of titanium, to not more than 0.01% of chlorine, fluorine, chromium, nickel and lithium. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 11, Slice 6 "Geodesy" to "Geometry" 2011-09-19T02:00:10.473Z Again, fluorine shows a great tendency to form double salts, which have no counterpart among the compounds formed by the other members of the family. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 12, Slice 8 "Haller, Albrecht" to "Harmonium" 2012-01-02T03:00:22.443Z They make it clear that there has been an introduction of fluorine and boron and a diminution in the alkalies during the transformation of the granitic rock into the greisen. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 12, Slice 5 "Greek Law" to "Ground-Squirrel" 2011-12-05T03:00:51.527Z Chemically the topaz consists of alumina, silica and fluorine. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 11, Slice 5 "Gassendi, Pierre" to "Geocentric" 2011-09-02T02:00:20.450Z If a sample of glucose containing radioactive fluorine-18 is injected into the blood, what percent of the radioactivity will remain after 5.59 h? Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z As there is a limit to the amount of fluorine with which any base can combine, such a vessel would be proof against its solvent action. The Seven Follies of Science [2nd ed.] A popular account of the most famous scientific impossibilities and the attempts which have been made to solve them. 2011-06-30T02:00:34.290Z Compounds of fluorine and oxygen, and of bromine and oxygen, have not yet been isolated. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 12, Slice 8 "Haller, Albrecht" to "Harmonium" 2012-01-02T03:00:22.443Z Bring chlorine into that molecular conga line, and you can get polyvinyl chloride, otherwise known as vinyl; tag on fluorine, and you can wind up with that slick nonstick material Teflon. A Brief History of Plastic's Conquest of the World 2011-05-29T14:15:02.467Z At 200� C. this salt decomposes, giving off hydrofluoric acid, and between 230-250� C. fluorine is liberated. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 10, Slice 5 "Fleury, Claude" to "Foraker" 2011-04-03T02:00:20.883Z There are four calcium ions and eight fluoride ions in a unit cell, giving a calcium:fluorine ratio of 1:2, as required by the chemical formula, CaF2. Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z Once seen as miracles of modern chemistry, PFCs are compounds with fluorine atoms tightly bound to carbon chains. Ski Wax Chemicals Can Build Up in Blood 2011-03-15T16:15:01.090Z Fluor-spar, a mineral of beautiful colors, composed by fluorine and calcium. A Manual of the Antiquity of Man 2011-02-21T03:00:07.080Z Halogens, or halogen elements, are non-metal elements such as fluorine, chlorine, bromine and iodine. Air Above Dead Sea Contains Very High Levels of Oxidized Mercury 2010-12-29T15:23:00Z In both cases the spar evolves free fluorine, which ozonizes the air. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 10, Slice 5 "Fleury, Claude" to "Foraker" 2011-04-03T02:00:20.883Z Elemental boron is chemically inert at room temperature, reacting with only fluorine and oxygen to form boron trifluoride, BF3, and boric oxide, B2O3, respectively. Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z Had they pumped it full of fluorine, the result would not have been worse. Comrade Kropotkin 2010-12-26T03:00:20.093Z Gold, fluorine, aluminum and sodium, each of which exists in only one stable version, will be left alone. Periodic Table Gets Some Flex 2010-12-22T16:35:00Z Measuring the amounts of sulfur, chlorine and fluorine in those blobs, Black found surprisingly high levels of those elements—up to 0.75 percent chlorine and 1.95 percent fluorine, by weight, in one sample. Gassy Volcanoes Tied to Mass Extinction 2010-12-15T18:03:00Z The atomic weight of fluorine has been determined by the conversion of calcium, sodium and potassium fluorides into the corresponding sulphates. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 10, Slice 5 "Fleury, Claude" to "Foraker" 2011-04-03T02:00:20.883Z Chlorine is also less active towards metals than fluorine, and oxidation reactions usually require higher temperatures. Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z The chemicals being released into the atmosphere are sulfur, fluorine, carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide, which is odorless and deadly, ruv.is reports. One Word: Eyjafjallajokull 2010-03-26T20:37:00Z In particular, it contains 4 halogen atoms - 3 fluorine atoms and one chlorine atom - covalently bonded to carbon. Widely Used Pesticides Found to Impair Bee Reproduction 2010-03-08T23:20:00Z It belongs to the Zeolite family, and is a hydrated silicate of lime and potash, containing also fluorine. The New Gresham Encyclopedia. Vol. 1 Part 2 Amiel to Atrauli A small amount of fluorine is often present, and it is one of the few minerals in which ammonium has been detected. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 2, Slice 3 "Apollodorus" to "Aral" The nonmetal chlorine is more electronegative than any other element except fluorine, oxygen, and nitrogen. Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z Although long known to consist mainly of calcium phosphate, it was not until 1827 that G. Rose found that fluorine or chlorine is an essential constituent. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 2, Slice 2 "Anjar" to "Apollo" It combines directly with fluorine at ordinary temperature, and with chlorine, bromine and sulphur on heating. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 4, Slice 3 "Borgia, Lucrezia" to "Bradford, John" Your college-men will talk about selections and temperatures, silex and fluorine; but what has all that to do with planting the ten-acre lot? The Atlantic Monthly, Volume 14, No. 81, July, 1864 Then there is a little phosphorus, a little sulphur, a little fluorine, and small amounts of all of the rest of the different kinds of atoms. Letters of a Radio-Engineer to His Son Note from Table 18.3 that fluorine is able to oxidize iodine to its maximum oxidation state, 7+, whereas bromine and chlorine, which are more difficult to oxidize, achieve only the 5+-oxidation state. Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z But again, how chances it that different atoms attract one another in such varying degrees, so that, for example, fluorine unites with everything it touches, argon with nothing? A History of Science, Volume 5(of 5) Aspects Of Recent Science Lakrit from a Jovian satellite, a fluorine fellow of distinction inside a sphere of gaseous sulphur. Has Anyone Here Seen Kelly? Oxygen will combine with iron or lead or sodium, but cannot be made to combine with fluorine. The Machinery of the Universe Mechanical Conceptions of Physical Phenomena The metallic part consists of aluminum, and there are present also the non-metals fluorine and hydrogen. A Text-Book of Precious Stones for Jewelers and the Gem-Loving Public As the most electronegative element, fluorine also cannot be a central atom. Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z In point of fact, it has been found that at the temperature of liquid hydrogen practically all chemical activity is abolished, the unruly fluorine making the only exception. A History of Science, Volume 5(of 5) Aspects Of Recent Science The association with minerals containing fluorine and boron, and the intense alteration of the wall rocks, indicate that the temperature must have been very high. The Economic Aspect of Geology Its combinations with nitrogen, with chlorine, with fluorine, and even some with the solid element carbon, are under those conditions gaseous. More Science From an Easy Chair Micro: Manganese, copper, boron, silicon, aluminum, fluorine, iodine. Northern Nut Growers Association Report of the Proceedings at the Thirty-Seventh Annual Report Wooster, Ohio, September 3, 4, 5, 1946 In the next step, we account for the energy required to break the F–F bond to produce fluorine atoms. Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z Most of the elementary bodies are to be found in a gaseous form as hydrogen, oxygen, fluorine and chlorine, though it has been found possible to liquefy even these gases. Aether and Gravitation The topaz is harder than quartz, as will be seen on reference to the "Hardness" table, and is composed of a silicate of aluminium, fluorine taking the place of some of the oxygen. The Chemistry, Properties and Tests of Precious Stones A great many substances of this class are known; in fact, the oxides of all the common elements have been prepared, with the exception of those of fluorine and bromine. An Elementary Study of Chemistry One of your light cuts letting the fluorine inside will be as deadly as anything I can do. Out Around Rigel The most stable tellurium compounds are the tellurides—salts of Te2− formed with active metals and lanthanides—and compounds with oxygen, fluorine, and chlorine, in which tellurium normally exhibits an oxidation state 2+ or 4+. Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z You know, it's impossible to keep some trace of fluorine from the air in the handling-machines, or even out on the orbiters, and it plays the devil with their lungs. Uller Uprising From this it will be understood that the fluorine will be evolved when the stone is fused. The Chemistry, Properties and Tests of Precious Stones Fluorspar has already been mentioned as the chief natural compound of fluorine. An Elementary Study of Chemistry The gas fluorine becomes a liquid at 210° below zero centigrade. The Last Harvest Of the elements, only the very reactive fluorine can oxidize oxides to form oxygen gas. Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z It is important to bear this in mind in reporting analyses in which determinations have been made, say, of chlorine, magnesia, and potash, or of fluorine, silica, and alumina. A Text-book of Assaying: For the Use of Those Connected with Mines. They were wire-wound steel tubes lined with a very special refractory, with unstable beryllium and fluorine compounds in them. Space Tug It is used as the chief source of fluorine compounds, especially hydrofluoric acid. An Elementary Study of Chemistry The element fluorine has at last been successfully isolated, and its chief chemical and physical properties determined. Scientific American Supplement, No. 633, February 18, 1888 Perbromate salts are difficult to prepare, and the best syntheses currently involve the oxidation of bromates in basic solution with fluorine gas followed by acidification. Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z The increase in weight multiplied by 0.655 gives the weight of fluorine. A Text-book of Assaying: For the Use of Those Connected with Mines. With it he isolated fluorine, most active of the elements, and he prepared for the first time in their purity many of the rare metals that have since found industrial employment. Creative Chemistry Descriptive of Recent Achievements in the Chemical Industries These become still more emphasized as we pass through nitrogen and oxygen, until on reaching fluorine we have one of the strongest acid-forming elements. An Elementary Study of Chemistry The gas obtained in our experiments is therefore either fluorine or a perfluoride of hydrogen. Scientific American Supplement, No. 561, October 2, 1886 The major method for preparing fluorine is electrolytic oxidation. Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z If the substance contained fluorine, the characters will be found permanently etched on the glass. A Text-book of Assaying: For the Use of Those Connected with Mines. There are thus six clearly defined forms, typical of classes, with two—lithium and fluorine—of doubtful affinities. Occult Chemistry Clairvoyant Observations on the Chemical Elements Thus sodium belongs with lithium and not with copper; fluorine belongs with chlorine and not with manganese. An Elementary Study of Chemistry It occurs free in nature in many minerals, as sapphire, etc.; or in combination with sulphuric acid, phosphoric acid, and fluorine, and chiefly silicates. A System of Instruction in the Practical Use of the Blowpipe Being A Graduated Course Of Analysis For The Use Of Students And All Those Engaged In The Examination Of Metallic Combinations Electrolysis causes HF to decompose, forming fluorine gas at the anode and hydrogen at the cathode. Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z Separation and Determination.—The determination of fluorine is difficult. A Text-book of Assaying: For the Use of Those Connected with Mines. The reversed funnels of fluorine split asunder on the proto level, and are set free, the "balloons" also floating off independently. Occult Chemistry Clairvoyant Observations on the Chemical Elements The preparation of fluorine was finally accomplished by the French chemist Moissan by the electrolysis of hydrofluoric acid. An Elementary Study of Chemistry Should the fluorine contained in the substance be appreciable, the glass tube, when held up to the light, will be found to have lost its transparency, and to be very rough to the touch. A System of Instruction in the Practical Use of the Blowpipe Being A Graduated Course Of Analysis For The Use Of Students And All Those Engaged In The Examination Of Metallic Combinations Nitrogen cannot form a NF5 molecule because it does not have d orbitals to bond with the additional two fluorine atoms. Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z The acid thus liberated is titrated, with a standard solution of alkali, in the alcoholic solution, and from the amount of free acid found the fluorine is calculated. A Text-book of Assaying: For the Use of Those Connected with Mines. I place within this group lithium, potassium, rubidium, fluorine, and manganese, because of their similarity in internal composition. Occult Chemistry Clairvoyant Observations on the Chemical Elements At ordinary temperatures chlorine is far more active chemically than any of the elements we have so far considered, with the exception of fluorine; indeed, it is one of the most active of all elements. An Elementary Study of Chemistry Chondrodite Evolves fluorine in the glass tube, both when heated alone and with microcosmic salt. A System of Instruction in the Practical Use of the Blowpipe Being A Graduated Course Of Analysis For The Use Of Students And All Those Engaged In The Examination Of Metallic Combinations Chlorine, iodine, bromine, and fluorine thus formed a very distinct group; sulphur and selenium another; boron and silicon another; potassium, sodium, and lithium another; and so on. The Advance of Science in the Last Half-Century It will be remembered that, by passing a strong current of electricity through this liquid contained in a platinum apparatus, free gaseous fluorine was obtained at the positive pole and hydrogen at the negative pole. Scientific American Supplement, No. 832, December 12, 1891 They are all monads and paramagnetic; lithium, potassium and rubidium are positive, while fluorine and manganese are negative. Occult Chemistry Clairvoyant Observations on the Chemical Elements When this solution was electrolyzed hydrogen was set free at the cathode and fluorine at the anode. An Elementary Study of Chemistry With microcosmic salt in the open tube evolves fluorine. A System of Instruction in the Practical Use of the Blowpipe Being A Graduated Course Of Analysis For The Use Of Students And All Those Engaged In The Examination Of Metallic Combinations In the composition of vital tissues we constantly find these basal elements: Carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen, sulphur, phosphorus, chlorine, potassium, sodium, magnesium, calcium, iron, manganese, fluorine, silicon, and iodine. Valere Aude Dare to Be Healthy, Or, The Light of Physical Regeneration After traversing the worm condenser, therefore, the fluorine is caused to pass through two platinum tubes filled with fragments of fused sodium fluoride, from which it issues in an almost perfect state of purity. Scientific American Supplement, No. 832, December 12, 1891 The case marked 58 contains the varieties of Fluorides, or combinations of fluorine and the metals. How to See the British Museum in Four Visits But fluorine is an element of small atomic weight, and the one following it, sodium, breaks the regular order, for in it reappear all the characteristic properties of lithium. An Elementary Study of Chemistry Evolves water and some fluorine, which attacks the glass. A System of Instruction in the Practical Use of the Blowpipe Being A Graduated Course Of Analysis For The Use Of Students And All Those Engaged In The Examination Of Metallic Combinations If we consider the minerals as the foundation and mortar which give stability to the vital machine, leaving out chlorine and fluorine, we find that iron, manganese, potash, soda, and silicic acid play this role. Valere Aude Dare to Be Healthy, Or, The Light of Physical Regeneration During the electrolysis these leaden collars become, where exposed to the gaseous fluorine, rapidly converted into lead fluoride, which being greater in bulk causes the joints to become hermetically sealed. Scientific American Supplement, No. 832, December 12, 1891 It is a silicate of aluminia, with magnesia, potash, and some fluorine. The Gutenberg Webster's Unabridged Dictionary Section P and Q The same is true to some extent with the compounds formed with iodine, bromine, and fluorine. American Hand Book of the Daguerreotype If heated for some time, it bubbles, gives off fluorine and becomes infusible. A System of Instruction in the Practical Use of the Blowpipe Being A Graduated Course Of Analysis For The Use Of Students And All Those Engaged In The Examination Of Metallic Combinations The sixteen substances,—nutritive cell foods,—of which all of the tissues of the body are composed are: carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen, potassium, soda, lime, magnesia, iron, manganese, phosphor, sulphur, silica, chlorine, fluorine and iodine. Valere Aude Dare to Be Healthy, Or, The Light of Physical Regeneration Consequently, as soon as the current is allowed to pass and fluorine is liberated within the U-tube, an explosion occurs. Scientific American Supplement, No. 832, December 12, 1891 Then in order of their weight come carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, calcium, phosphorus, sulphur, sodium, chlorine, fluorine, potassium, iron, magnesium and silicon. Maintaining Health Formerly Health and Efficiency It is employed in accelerators on account of its fluorine. American Hand Book of the Daguerreotype Lepidolite Colors the blowpipe flame crimson, from lithia; also gives the fluorine reaction with microcosmic salt. A System of Instruction in the Practical Use of the Blowpipe Being A Graduated Course Of Analysis For The Use Of Students And All Those Engaged In The Examination Of Metallic Combinations Iron floats in our blood, sulphur lies hidden in the hair and nails, phosphorus scintillates unseen in the brain, lime compacts our bones, and fluorine sets the enamelled edges of our teeth. The Atlantic Monthly, Volume 03, No. 15, January, 1859 This black substance, which was taken at first to be metallic platinum, is a complex compound containing one equivalent of potassium to one equivalent of platinum, together with a considerable proportion of fluorine. Scientific American Supplement, No. 832, December 12, 1891 In fact, the human body is built up with 13 of the 70 elements, namely: oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen, chlorine, fluorine, carbon, phosphorus, sulphur, calcium, potassium, sodium, magnesium, and iron. A Practical Physiology As most of the various accelerators are compounds of bromine, with either chlorine or fluorine combination, they partake somewhat of the nature of these latter, giving results which can be detected by the experienced operator. American Hand Book of the Daguerreotype Olivine Some varieties give off fluorine, when fused with microcosmic salt. A System of Instruction in the Practical Use of the Blowpipe Being A Graduated Course Of Analysis For The Use Of Students And All Those Engaged In The Examination Of Metallic Combinations How scanty is our knowledge of the suspected fluorine! Reflections on the Decline of Science in England In such a layer, fluorine does not present any absorption bands. Scientific American Supplement, No. 832, December 12, 1891 Sulphur.—In contact with fluorine gas, sulphur rapidly melts and inflames. Scientific American Supplement, No. 832, December 12, 1891 Bromine vapor combines with fluorine in the cold with production of a very bright but low temperature dame. Scientific American Supplement, No. 832, December 12, 1891 If the fluorine is evolved in the midst of pure dry liquid bromine, the combination is immediate, and occurs without flame. Scientific American Supplement, No. 832, December 12, 1891 Iodine.—When fluorine is passed over a fragment of iodine contained in the horizontal tube, combination occurs, with production of a pale flame. Scientific American Supplement, No. 832, December 12, 1891 When it is desired to determine the action of fluorine upon a solid substance, the following method of procedure is adopted. Scientific American Supplement, No. 832, December 12, 1891 Phosphorus.—Immediately phosphorus, either the ordinary yellow variety or red phosphorus, comes in contact with fluorine, a most lively action occurs, accompanied by vivid incandescence. Scientific American Supplement, No. 832, December 12, 1891 If the fluorine is in excess, a fuming gas is evolved, which gives up its excess of fluorine on collecting over mercury, and is soluble in water. Scientific American Supplement, No. 832, December 12, 1891 The trifluoride, in turn, combines with more fluorine to form the pentafluoride, the reaction being accompanied by the appearance of a flame of comparatively low temperature. Scientific American Supplement, No. 832, December 12, 1891 Arsenic combines with fluorine at the ordinary temperature with incandescence. Scientific American Supplement, No. 832, December 12, 1891 In this manner the action of fluorine upon sulphur and iodine has been studied. Scientific American Supplement, No. 832, December 12, 1891 Carbon.—Chlorine does not unite with carbon even at the high temperature of the electric arc, but fluorine reacts even at the ordinary temperature with finely divided carbon. Scientific American Supplement, No. 832, December 12, 1891 A curious phenomenon is noticed with wood charcoal; it appears at first to absorb and condense the fluorine, then quite suddenly it bursts into flame with bright scintillations. Scientific American Supplement, No. 832, December 12, 1891 Graphite must be heated to just below dull redness in order to effect combination; while the diamond has not yet been attacked by fluorine, even at the temperature of the Bunsen flame. Scientific American Supplement, No. 832, December 12, 1891 A mixture of gaseous fluorides of carbon are produced whenever carbon of any variety is acted upon by fluorine, the predominating constituent being the tetrafluoride, CF4. Scientific American Supplement, No. 832, December 12, 1891 A preliminary experiment is therefore always made, by allowing the fluorine delivery tube to dip just beneath the surface of the liquid contained in a small glass cylinder. Scientific American Supplement, No. 832, December 12, 1891 Boron.—The amorphous variety of boron inflames instantly in fluorine, with projection of brilliant sparks and liberation of dense fumes of boron trifluoride, BF3. Scientific American Supplement, No. 832, December 12, 1891 Silicon.—The reaction between fluorine and silicon is one of the most beautiful of all these extraordinary manifestations of chemical activity. Scientific American Supplement, No. 832, December 12, 1891 Amorphous silicon likewise burns with great energy in fluorine. Scientific American Supplement, No. 832, December 12, 1891 Sodium and potassium combine with fluorine with great vigor at ordinary temperatures, becoming incandescent, and forming their respective fluorides, which may be obtained crystallized from water in cubes. Scientific American Supplement, No. 832, December 12, 1891 During the examination of liquids a means has accidentally been discovered by which a glass tube may be filled with fluorine gas. Scientific American Supplement, No. 832, December 12, 1891 Metallic calcium also burns in fluorine gas, forming the fused fluoride, and occasionally minute crystals of fluorspar. Scientific American Supplement, No. 832, December 12, 1891 The combustion of slightly warmed zinc in fluorine is particularly pretty as an experiment, the flame being of a most dazzling whiteness. Scientific American Supplement, No. 832, December 12, 1891 Copper reacts at low redness, but in a strangely feeble manner, and the white fumes formed appear to combine with a further quantity of fluorine to form a perfluoride. Scientific American Supplement, No. 832, December 12, 1891 Gold becomes converted into a yellow deliquescent volatile fluoride when heated to low redness, and at a slightly higher temperature the fluoride is dissociated into metallic gold and fluorine gas. Scientific American Supplement, No. 832, December 12, 1891 A few liquids, one of which is carbon tetrachloride, react only very slowly with fluorine at the ordinary temperature. Scientific American Supplement, No. 832, December 12, 1891 The action of fluorine on platinum has been studied with special care. Scientific American Supplement, No. 832, December 12, 1891 It is evident, in view of the corrosion of the positive platinum terminal of the electrolysis apparatus, that nascent fluorine rapidly attacks platinum at a temperature of -23�. Scientific American Supplement, No. 832, December 12, 1891 At 100�, however, fluorine gas appears to be without action on platinum. Scientific American Supplement, No. 832, December 12, 1891 At a red heat platinic fluoride decomposes into metallic platinum and fluorine, which is evolved in the free state. Scientific American Supplement, No. 832, December 12, 1891 For studying the action of fluorine on gases, a special piece of apparatus, shown in Fig. Scientific American Supplement, No. 832, December 12, 1891 The best mode of obtaining the fluoride of platinum for this purpose is to heat a bundle of platinum wires to low redness in the fluorspar reaction tube in a rapid stream of fluorine. Scientific American Supplement, No. 832, December 12, 1891 As soon as sufficient fluoride is formed on the wires, they are transferred to a well stoppered dry glass tube, until required for the preparation of fluorine. Scientific American Supplement, No. 832, December 12, 1891 Gaseous hydrobromic and hydriodic acids react with fluorine in a similar manner, with production of flame and formation of hydrofluoric acid. Scientific American Supplement, No. 832, December 12, 1891 Inasmuch, however, as bromine and iodine combine with fluorine, as previously described, these halogens do not escape, but burn up to their respective fluorides. Scientific American Supplement, No. 832, December 12, 1891 Two of these tubes face each other in the center of the apparatus, and serve one for the conveyance of the fluorine and the other of the gas to be experimented upon. Scientific American Supplement, No. 832, December 12, 1891 Nitric acid vapor reacts with great violence with fluorine, a loud explosion resulting. Scientific American Supplement, No. 832, December 12, 1891 If fluorine is passed into the ordinary liquid acid, each bubble as it enters produces a flame in the liquid. Scientific American Supplement, No. 832, December 12, 1891 Ammonia gas is decomposed by fluorine with formation of a yellow flame, forming hydrofluoric acid and liberating nitrogen. Scientific American Supplement, No. 832, December 12, 1891 With a solution of the gas in water, each bubble of fluorine produces an explosion and flame, as in case of hydriodic acid. Scientific American Supplement, No. 832, December 12, 1891 The apparatus is first filled with the gas to be experimented upon, then the fluorine is allowed to enter, and an observation of what occurs may be made through the fluorspar windows. Scientific American Supplement, No. 832, December 12, 1891 Phosphoric anhydride, when heated to low redness, burns with a pale flame in fluorine, forming a gaseous mixture of fluorides and oxyfluoride of phosphorus. Scientific American Supplement, No. 832, December 12, 1891 Pentachloride and trichloride of phosphorus both react most energetically with fluorine, instantly producing a brilliant flame, and evolving a mixture of phosphorus pentafluoride and free chlorine. Scientific American Supplement, No. 832, December 12, 1891 Carbon tetrachloride, as previously mentioned, reacts only very slowly with fluorine. Scientific American Supplement, No. 832, December 12, 1891 A mixture of the vapors of carbon tetrachloride and fluorine inflames spontaneously with detonation, and chlorine is liberated without deposition of carbon. Scientific American Supplement, No. 832, December 12, 1891 Hydrogen.—As just described, hydrogen combines with fluorine, even at -23� and in the dark, with explosive force. Scientific American Supplement, No. 832, December 12, 1891 Boric anhydride is raised to a most vivid incandescence by fluorine, the experiment being rendered very beautiful by the abundant white fumes of the trifluoride which are liberated. Scientific American Supplement, No. 832, December 12, 1891 Silicon dioxide, one of the most inert of substances at the ordinary temperature, takes fire in the cold in contact with fluorine, becoming instantly white-hot, and rapidly disappearing in the form of silicon tetrafluoride. Scientific American Supplement, No. 832, December 12, 1891 The chlorides of both boron and silicon are decomposed by fluorine, with formation of fluorides and liberation of chlorine, the reaction being accompanied by the production of flame. Scientific American Supplement, No. 832, December 12, 1891 Chlorides of the metals are instantly decomposed by fluorine, generally at the ordinary temperature, and in certain cases, antimony trichloride for instance, with the appearance of flame. Scientific American Supplement, No. 832, December 12, 1891 It was shown in 1887 that fluorine decomposes water, forming hydrofluoric acid, and liberating oxygen in the form of ozone. Scientific American Supplement, No. 832, December 12, 1891 Bromides and iodides are decomposed with even greater energy, and the liberated bromine and iodine burn in the fluorine with formation of their respective fluorides. Scientific American Supplement, No. 832, December 12, 1891 Cyanides react in a most beautiful manner with fluorine, the displaced cyanogen burning with a purple flame. Scientific American Supplement, No. 832, December 12, 1891 Aqueous potash does not form potassium hypofluorite when fluorine is bubbled into it, but only potassium fluoride. Scientific American Supplement, No. 832, December 12, 1891 Perhaps this may be explained by the fact that fluorine has no action at available temperatures upon carbon dioxide. Scientific American Supplement, No. 832, December 12, 1891 It appears as if there is at first produced an unstable oxide of fluorine, which rapidly decomposes into fluorine and ozone. Scientific American Supplement, No. 832, December 12, 1891 Chloroform.—When chloroform is saturated with fluorine, and subsequently boiled, carbon tetrafluoride, hydrofluoric acid and chlorine are evolved. Scientific American Supplement, No. 832, December 12, 1891 If a drop of chloroform is agitated in a glass tube with excess of fluorine, a violent explosion suddenly occurs, accompanied by a flash of flame, and the tube is shattered to pieces. Scientific American Supplement, No. 832, December 12, 1891 Methyl chloride is decomposed by fluorine, even at -23�, with production of a yellow flame, deposition of carbon, and liberation of fluorides of hydrogen and carbon and free chlorine. Scientific American Supplement, No. 832, December 12, 1891 Ethyl alcohol vapor at once takes fire in fluorine gas, and the liquid is decomposed with explosive violence without deposition of carbon. Scientific American Supplement, No. 832, December 12, 1891 Nitrogen and chlorine appear not to react with fluorine. Scientific American Supplement, No. 832, December 12, 1891 Acetic acid and benzene are both decomposed with violence, their cold vapors burn in fluorine, and when the latter is bubbled through the liquids themselves, flashes of flame, and often most dangerous explosions, occur. Scientific American Supplement, No. 832, December 12, 1891 Aniline likewise takes fire in fluorine, and deposits a large quantity of carbon, which, however, if the fluorine is in excess, burns away completely to carbon tetrafluoride. Scientific American Supplement, No. 832, December 12, 1891 |
| 随便看 |
英语例句辞典收录了117811条英语例句在线翻译词条，基本涵盖了全部常用单词及词组的例句翻译及用法，是英语学习的有利工具。