| 单词 | flagellum |
| 例句 | Are your spermatozoa wagging their flagella as if they can’t wait to get to that ovum – or listlessly floating around like dead tadpoles in a poorly executed classroom experiment? The rise of Big Sperm: does the tech world have the answer to our semen crisis? 2019-07-07T04:00:00Z All five isolates exhibited a distinctive feature of Minorisa, a single flagellum coiled spirally around the cell. Discovery of three novel minorisa species, the smallest predatory marine picoplankton 2023-10-26T04:00:00Z Even life itself depends critically on turbines for fundamental processes, such as the FoF1-ATP synthase that produces fuels for biological cells and the bacterial flagella motor that propels bacteria. DNA Origami nanoturbine sets new horizon for nanomotors 2023-10-26T04:00:00Z These so-called microswimmers include bacteria and other microorganisms, using cilia or flagella to move, but also artificially fabricated objects. The fuel economy of a microswimmer 2023-10-12T04:00:00Z Some have flagella and swim up through the snow in spring, when temperatures warm and enough meltwater is present for the cells to photosynthesize and explode in numbers. Algae blooms that cause pink snow could accelerate melting as Earth warms 2023-07-21T04:00:00Z The bacterium depicted has a flagellum protruding from one narrow end. Fundamentals of Biology 2015-01-01T00:00:00Z They are also the structural elements of centrioles, flagella, and cilia. Concepts of Biology 2013-04-25T00:00:00Z Within 24 hours, the fungus can produce thousands more spores that are released back into the water, where they swim using a threadlike structure called a flagellum. A killer fungus has spread in Africa, driving more amphibians to extinction 2023-03-15T04:00:00Z Key among these is the production of bacterial appendages called flagella and pili. Viruses may be ‘watching’ you 2022-09-21T04:00:00Z In eukaryotic cells, flagella and cilia are quite different structurally from their counterparts in prokaryotes, as discussed below. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z Each diplomonad cell has two identical nuclei and uses several flagella for locomotion. Fundamentals of Biology 2015-01-01T00:00:00Z Spirochete bacteria have been hypothesized to have given rise to microtubules, and a flagellated prokaryote may have contributed the raw materials for eukaryotic flagella and cilia. Concepts of Biology 2013-04-25T00:00:00Z Scientists had known for decades that many species of phytoplankton can move—some by changing their buoyancy by shedding fats or changing their dimensions and others by whipping their tail-like flagella. Greatest Migration on Earth Happens under Darkness Every Day 2022-08-20T04:00:00Z Turns out, these phages attach themselves to the pili and flagella of bacteria in order to infect them. Viruses may be ‘watching’ you 2022-09-21T04:00:00Z When present, the cell has just one flagellum or a few flagella. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z Euglenoids move through their aquatic habitats using two long flagella that guide them toward light sources sensed by a primitive ocular organ called an eyespot. Fundamentals of Biology 2015-01-01T00:00:00Z The spermatids eventually reach the lumen of the tubule and grow a flagellum, becoming sperm cells. Concepts of Biology 2013-04-25T00:00:00Z Its male gametes, or spermatia, lack flexible flagella to propel them through the water. In a First, Tiny Crustaceans Are Found to “Pollinate” Seaweed like Bees of the Sea 2022-07-28T04:00:00Z Our leading hypothesis is that phages use CtrA to guesstimate when there will be enough bacteria nearby sporting pili and flagella that they can readily infect. Viruses may be ‘watching’ you 2022-09-21T04:00:00Z Despite their differences in length and number, flagella and cilia share a common structural arrangement of microtubules called a “9 + 2 array.” Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z Together, the flagella contribute to the characteristic spinning motion of dinoflagellates. Fundamentals of Biology 2015-01-01T00:00:00Z Examples of the types of work that cells need to do include building complex molecules, transporting materials, powering the motion of cilia or flagella, and contracting muscle fibers to create movement. Concepts of Biology 2013-04-25T00:00:00Z The energy stored in ATP also enables cells to move, providing power for motor proteins that contract muscles and generate the wavelike movement of cilia and flagella. Miller & Levine Biology 2018-01-01T00:00:00Z Examples of the types of work that cells need to do include building complex molecules, transporting materials, powering the motion of cilia or flagella, and contracting muscles to create movement. Environmental Biology 2018-09-06T00:00:00Z They are also the structural element of centrioles, flagella, and cilia. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z Protruding from the narrow end of the cell is one hairless flagellum and one hairy flagellum. Fundamentals of Biology 2015-01-01T00:00:00Z Many seedless plants produce sperm equipped with flagella that enable them to swim in a moist environment to the archegonia, the female gametangium. Concepts of Biology 2013-04-25T00:00:00Z Many protists move by means of cilia and flagella. Miller & Levine Biology 2018-01-01T00:00:00Z Microtubules also make up two types of cellular appendages important for motion: cilia and flagella. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z Cilia are short and found in large numbers on the cell surface whereas flagella are long and fewer in number. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z Chlamydomonas is a simple, unicellular chlorophyte with a pear-shaped morphology and two opposing, anterior flagella that guide this protist toward light sensed by its eyespot. Fundamentals of Biology 2015-01-01T00:00:00Z They are also the structural components of flagella and cilia. Concepts of Biology 2013-04-25T00:00:00Z The flagellum aids cell motility in some cells, but all flagella contain multipurpose protein subunits. Miller & Levine Biology 2018-01-01T00:00:00Z A centriole can serve as the cellular origin point for microtubules extending outward as cilia or flagella or can assist with the separation of DNA during cell division. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z Cilia are found in prokaryotic cells and flagella in eukaryotic cells. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z These organisms exhibit a single, apical flagellum that is surrounded by a contractile collar composed of microvilli. Fundamentals of Biology 2015-01-01T00:00:00Z Some protists have one or more flagella, which they rotate or whip. Concepts of Biology 2013-04-25T00:00:00Z Thus, cells probably “borrowed” proteins to evolve flagella. Miller & Levine Biology 2018-01-01T00:00:00Z Unlike sperm, oocytes lack flagella, and therefore cannot move on their own. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z The mitochondrial DNA degrades in sperm when the sperm degrades in the fertilized egg or in other instances when the mitochondria located in the flagellum of the sperm fails to enter the egg. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z Male and female reproductive structures are found on the nodes, and the sperm have flagella. Fundamentals of Biology 2015-01-01T00:00:00Z The male gametophyte releases sperm, which must swim—propelled by their flagella—to reach and fertilize the female gamete or egg. Concepts of Biology 2013-04-25T00:00:00Z Microscopic examinations revealed the spore surface is lined with rows of proteins called rodlins that may grab a passing flagellum—working much like Velcro. This microscopic hitchhiker is a friend to both plants and humans 2021-03-22T04:00:00Z ATP produced by these mitochondria will power the flagellum, which extends from the neck and the mid-piece through the tail of the sperm, enabling it to move the entire sperm cell. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z Most have a cell wall external to the plasma cell membrane, the composition of which can vary among groups, and many have additional structures such as flagella and pili. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z They produce gametes and diploid zoospores that swim with the help of a single flagellum. Fundamentals of Biology 2015-01-01T00:00:00Z The gametes formed by bryophytes swim using flagella. Concepts of Biology 2013-04-25T00:00:00Z Small holes in coccolith fossils indicate that the survivors possessed whiplike flagella that let them move and stalk other organisms. Prehistoric Plankton Became Predators to Survive a Mass Extinction 2021-03-08T05:00:00Z The central strand of the flagellum, the axial filament, is formed from one centriole inside the maturing sperm cell during the final stages of spermatogenesis. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z They typically have cell walls enclosing cell membranes, a flagellum for locomotion and pili for attachment. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z Like the first dinoflagellate, this one has two perpendicular grooves, each containing a flagellum. Fundamentals of Biology 2015-01-01T00:00:00Z Sperm form is diverse and includes cells with flagella or amoeboid cells to facilitate motility. Concepts of Biology 2013-04-25T00:00:00Z For instance, some bacteria have flagella, or long, whippy tails rotated by motors. Quantum Steampunk: 19th-Century Science Meets Technology of Today 2020-04-20T04:00:00Z These organisms use a long, tail-like structure called a flagellum to move about. Nanomachines, Jellyfish Hugs and Hurricane Dorian From Space: The Week's Best Science GIFs 2019-08-30T04:00:00Z They typically have cell walls enclosing nuclear membranes, a flagellum for locomotion and pili for attachment. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z Many seedless plants produce sperm equipped with flagella that enable them to swim in a moist environment to the archegonia: the female gametangium. Fundamentals of Biology 2015-01-01T00:00:00Z The beating of flagella from all choanocytes moves water through the sponge. Concepts of Biology 2013-04-25T00:00:00Z Our engine, we estimated, can output about 10 times a flagellum's power. Quantum Steampunk: 19th-Century Science Meets Technology of Today 2020-04-20T04:00:00Z “We discovered a mutation in a gene critical for growing flagella, which may be the reason for this,” Dorman said. Century-old bacteria from sick soldier offer clues to cholera... 2019-04-09T04:00:00Z Sperm are haploid cells, consisting of a flagellum as a tail, a neck that contains the cell’s energy-producing mitochondria, and a head that contains the genetic material. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z The completion of the bryophyte and pterophyte life cycle requires water because the male gametophyte releases sperm, which must swim—propelled by their flagella—to reach and fertilize the female gamete or egg. Fundamentals of Biology 2015-01-01T00:00:00Z Later, the daughter cells each regrow the flagella. The momentous transition to multicellular life may not have been so hard after all 2018-06-28T04:00:00Z The researchers found that the terminus, which extends about a tenth of the way down the flagellum, contains a helix-shape cell structure that winds in a left-handed spiral. Human Sperm Has a Surprising Tail Shape We've Never Noticed Before 2018-02-22T05:00:00Z The rows of flagella seem to radiate from a conical cap at the top of the organism, which it shimmies like a belly dancer. Surprise Discovered Inside Shaggy, Shimmying Protists [Video] 2017-12-17T05:00:00Z The cell produced at the end of meiosis is called a spermatid and when it reaches the lumen of the tubule and grows a flagellum, it is called a sperm cell. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z A flagellum juts out from the wide part of the cone. Fundamentals of Biology 2015-01-01T00:00:00Z The smaller cells always have flagella, which sweep nutrients over the Volvox's surface and help it swim. The momentous transition to multicellular life may not have been so hard after all 2018-06-28T04:00:00Z Their DNA specifies not only the design of their hardware, such as sugar sensors and flagella, but also the design of their software. Will AI Enable the Third Stage of Life on Earth? 2017-08-29T04:00:00Z Such 'magnetic swimmers' mimic flagella, the tails that propel some microorganisms4. Medical microbots need better imaging and control 2017-05-23T04:00:00Z They are also the structural element of centrioles, flagella, and cilia. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z Some protists have one or more flagella, which they rotate or whip: these are typically euglena. Fundamentals of Biology 2015-01-01T00:00:00Z Larger, multicellular organisms—with multiple flagella—were better at sweeping water past their cell membranes to harvest oxygen. The momentous transition to multicellular life may not have been so hard after all 2018-06-28T04:00:00Z Some of these mutations helped by improving the design of flagella and other hardware, while other mutations improved the bacterial information-processing system that implements the sugar-finding algorithm and other software. Will AI Enable the Third Stage of Life on Earth? 2017-08-29T04:00:00Z The only body part that can rotate unimpeded through more than 360 degrees is the bacterial flagellum. Biomechanics: The wonders of whirl : Nature : Nature Research 2016-10-18T04:00:00Z What are the similarities and differences between the structures of centrioles and flagella? Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z The unifying feature of this group is the presence of a textured, or “hairy,” flagellum. Fundamentals of Biology 2015-01-01T00:00:00Z These single-celled cousins of animals, endowed with a whiplike flagellum and a collar of shorter hairs, resemble the food-filtering "collar" cells that line the channels of sponges. The momentous transition to multicellular life may not have been so hard after all 2018-06-28T04:00:00Z He points out that Dogic's group created something that looks and acts very much like a cilium or flagellum with its multitude of proteins — but that may, in fact, work very differently. The physics of life 2016-01-04T05:00:00Z Within the bacterium, one of the simplest living things on earth, an array of structures—capsule, wall, membrane, cytoplasm, ribosomes, plasmid, pili, nucleoid, flagellum—work in concert to common ends. Bill Gates and Elon Musk are wrong: Artificial intelligence is not going to take over the world 2015-10-15T04:00:00Z Many cells swim or move surrounding materials via the beating motion of cellular appendages such as cilia and flagella. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z Volvox colonies contain 500 to 60,000 cells, each with two flagella, contained within a hollow, spherical matrix composed of a gelatinous glycoprotein secretion. Fundamentals of Biology 2015-01-01T00:00:00Z Likewise, their flagellum has a protein that in vertebrates helps create the body's left-right asymmetry, but what it does in the single-celled organism is unknown. The momentous transition to multicellular life may not have been so hard after all 2018-06-28T04:00:00Z In unicellular protozoa, most responses are the simple movements in response to a chemical stimulus in flagella, cilia or pseudopodia, which are determined by concentrations of ions in the cytoplasm. Exclusive: Oliver Sacks, Antonio Damasio and Others Debate Christof Koch on the Nature of Consciousness 2015-06-17T04:00:00Z The microbes generate a tornadolike flow with their spinning flagella, which pull nearby bacteria toward them, causing them to arrange in crystalline clumps, they report in a paper to be published in Physical Review Letters. Video: Microbe tornadoes create 'living crystals' 2015-04-06T04:00:00Z These protein elements are also integral to the movement of centrioles, flagella, and cilia. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z The gametes formed by bryophytes swim with a flagellum, as do gametes in a few of the tracheophytes. Fundamentals of Biology 2015-01-01T00:00:00Z For much of the cell's lifetime they anchor the two whirling flagella that propel the cell through the water. The momentous transition to multicellular life may not have been so hard after all 2018-06-28T04:00:00Z During the light phase, microbes went about ongoing "housekeeping" processes, such as detoxifying, sensing the chemicals around them, and building the flagella, or tails, that help the microbes move. Are your bacteria jet-lagged? 2014-10-17T04:00:00Z Sperm, like some bacteria, use a whip-like "flagellum" to propel themselves through fluid. 'Robot sperm' controlled by magnets 2014-06-02T04:00:00Z Examples of the types of work that cells need to do include building complex molecules, transporting materials, powering the beating motion of cilia or flagella, contracting muscle fibers to create movement, and reproduction. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z The inner surface is lined with cells called choanocytes, which have flagella that move water through the body. Fundamentals of Biology 2015-01-01T00:00:00Z But when that cell prepares to reproduce, it loses the flagella, and the centrioles move toward the nucleus, where they help pull apart the dividing cell's chromosomes. The momentous transition to multicellular life may not have been so hard after all 2018-06-28T04:00:00Z In effect, they turn their entire body into one giant flagellum. On the Curious Motions of Syphilis and Lyme Disease Bacteria 2013-12-29T12:45:00.461Z Malaria sperm use microscopic structures, called flagella, to swim. Sperm holograms 'aid malaria flight' 2013-11-05T13:06:54Z This type of active bacterial movement is unique from that powered by propeller-like bacterial flagella. Missing Nitrogen May Be Vanishing in the Tubes of Giant Bacteria 2013-10-30T20:45:02.837Z With their pair of front-mounted flagella, they ply the films of water found in melting snow drifts. Wonderful Things: Don't Eat the Pink Snow 2013-07-09T16:45:00.647Z Larger cells lack flagella and instead use the centrioles full time for cell division. The momentous transition to multicellular life may not have been so hard after all 2018-06-28T04:00:00Z There is fluid — perhaps like transmission or brake fluid — in the space between the cell body and the outer membrane in which the bands of flagella lie, and this fluid is vital to movement. On the Curious Motions of Syphilis and Lyme Disease Bacteria 2013-12-29T12:45:00.461Z Oh, and they’re also literally double cells — two nuclei, and two sets of four flagella, in a mirrored arrangement. Giardia sucks! An anatomy of a sucker. 2013-05-28T00:45:01.133Z “What we show is that measurements on other sperm parts, such as the flagellum that propels the sperm, can provide additional information about the quality and consistency of sperm manufacture,” Mossman added. News for Men: Size Matters When it Comes to Your Swimmers 2012-11-14T15:29:45Z The lashing of these flagella gives the ball a rotary motion and thus it moves about. Being Well-Born An Introduction to Eugenics 2012-05-22T15:16:53.140Z And into Gothic ornamentation the chalice, the crown of thorns, the dice, the sop, the hammer and nails, the flagellum, and other symbols of our Lord's passion have entered. Principles of Decorative Design Fourth Edition 2012-05-22T15:16:52.423Z It acts as lubricant and a purveyor of the forces acting on the outside of the cell, and without it, the flagella would tangle. On the Curious Motions of Syphilis and Lyme Disease Bacteria 2013-12-29T12:45:00.461Z Here’s an excellent electron micrograph showing the structure of the middle of the cell, with four of the flagella exposed. Giardia sucks! An anatomy of a sucker. 2013-05-28T00:45:01.133Z And the more inconsistently sized the sperm a man manufacturers are, particularly with regard to the flagellum, the lower his concentration of sperm that could swim well. News for Men: Size Matters When it Comes to Your Swimmers 2012-11-14T15:29:45Z Each cell, with a few exceptions to be noted immediately, bears two long flagella, whip-like structures which project out into the water. Being Well-Born An Introduction to Eugenics 2012-05-22T15:16:53.140Z Behind the neck is the tail, or flagellum, in three parts,—the middle piece, the principal part, and the end piece. Essays In Pastoral Medicine 2012-03-05T03:00:09.993Z These flagella function much like a corkscrew called a Screwpull — their rotation generates thrust. On the Curious Motions of Syphilis and Lyme Disease Bacteria 2013-12-29T12:45:00.461Z Those walls and towers basking in the sunshine were the eyrie that lorded it over leagues of country seen and unseen--the hawk's nest, the plebis flagellum, as the old chronicler has it. The Abbess Of Vlaye 2012-02-19T03:00:15.523Z In the former case they are termed “flagella,” in the latter “cilia.” Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 7, Slice 8 "Cube" to "Daguerre, Louis" 2012-01-31T03:00:17.257Z Certain members of the colony, on the other hand, go to the other extreme and divide up into bundles of from sixty-four to one hundred twenty-eight minute slender cells, each provided with flagella for locomotion. Being Well-Born An Introduction to Eugenics 2012-05-22T15:16:53.140Z The human spermatozoon is only fifty-four thousandths of a millimetre in length, and from forty-one to fifty-three thousandths of a millimetre are taken up by its flagellum. Essays In Pastoral Medicine 2012-03-05T03:00:09.993Z When the eye-stalk is removed from a living lobster or prawn, it is found that under certain conditions a many-jointed appendage like the flagellum of an antennule or antenna may grow in its place. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 7, Slice 7 "Crocoite" to "Cuba" 2012-01-22T03:00:24.397Z His hand points to a flagellum; behind him is a covert reference to the triad, whilst in front Osiris offers undisguised homage to Isis. Ancient Pagan and Modern Christian Symbolism With an Essay on Baal Worship, On The Assyrian Sacred "Grove," And Other 2012-01-05T03:00:28.663Z O. B�tschli, like other writers, regards the Cystoflagellates as closely allied to the Dinoflagellates, the small flagellum 709 corresponding to the longitudinal, the large flagellum to the transverse flagellum of that group. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 7, Slice 8 "Cube" to "Daguerre, Louis" 2012-01-31T03:00:17.257Z Each has a bright red eye, and a long slender whip, called a flagellum, with which it lashes the water, and when all the flagell� are in motion, the whole tree swims about. Through a Microscope Something of the Science Together with many Curious Observations Indoor and Out and Directions for a Home-made Microscope. 2011-12-29T03:00:20.733Z In one hand he bore a flagellum with which he from time to time lashed himself on the shoulders, which bore evident marks of the discipline they had received. The Inhabitants of the Philippines 2011-11-23T03:00:21.653Z In the Malacostraca they are chiefly sensory, the endopodite forming a long flagellum, while the exopodite may form a lamellar “scale,” probably useful as a balancer in swimming, or may disappear altogether. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 7, Slice 7 "Crocoite" to "Cuba" 2012-01-22T03:00:24.397Z Single-celled organisms like bacteria have small whiplike tails, or flagella, that allow them to move, but despite their molecular-scale efficiency, flagella will never push their owners far. How an Interconnected Planet Is Fueling the Brewing Viral Storm 2011-10-11T11:15:00.227Z Under circumstances not well made out, conjugation between two adults takes place by their fusion commencing at the oral region; flagella and pharynx disappear and the nuclei fuse, while the cytoplasts condense into a sphere. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 7, Slice 8 "Cube" to "Daguerre, Louis" 2012-01-31T03:00:17.257Z The individuals are very small indeed, and it will take your best objective to show the flagellum. Through a Microscope Something of the Science Together with many Curious Observations Indoor and Out and Directions for a Home-made Microscope. 2011-12-29T03:00:20.733Z By pumping protons across their membrane, bacteria can make energy, spin their flagella so they can swim, and drive the pumps that bring in food. Bacteria Flash Like Christmas Lights 2011-07-14T20:45:40Z All sponges obtain their food in the same way, namely by means of the currents of water set up by the flagella of the collar-cells. Freshwater Sponges, Hydroids & Polyzoa 2011-06-25T02:00:17.833Z The caudal flagellum of Thelyphonus, of course, possesses no poison apparatus. Omens and Superstitions of Southern India 2011-03-28T02:00:25.937Z Nearly half of the samples contained cells with flagella, tail-like projections that sperm use to swim. Sperm grown in a test tube 2011-03-23T23:15:00.267Z As in previous families, but with flagellum surrounded by an obconical or cylindrical rim of cytoplasm, at the base of which is the ingestive area. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 10, Slice 4 "Finland" to "Fleury, Andre" 2011-03-20T02:00:30.697Z An E. coli bacterium is a tiny torpedo propelled by a corkscrew-shaped filament called a flagellum. Like NASCAR Drivers, Microbes Forced to Circle Forever to the Left 2011-01-25T23:25:54Z These flagella, although apparently there is little concerted action among them, cause by their rapid movements changes of pressure in the water contained in the cavities of the sponge. Freshwater Sponges, Hydroids & Polyzoa 2011-06-25T02:00:17.833Z As a rule they have cilia or flagella. A Guide for the Study of Animals 2011-01-18T03:00:14.913Z One of those genes encodes a protein that helps the sperm cell's flagellum beat. Neanderthal DNA found in some modern humans, scientists say 2010-05-06T19:48:00Z The Euglenaceae contain the largest species, up to 130 μ in length, exclusive of the flagellum. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 10, Slice 4 "Finland" to "Fleury, Andre" 2011-03-20T02:00:30.697Z And because all E. coli flagella curl and whirl in the same direction, the microbes always turn right. Like NASCAR Drivers, Microbes Forced to Circle Forever to the Left 2011-01-25T23:25:54Z From the subdermal space the water is forced by the action of the flagella into narrow tubular canals that carry it into the ciliated chambers. Freshwater Sponges, Hydroids & Polyzoa 2011-06-25T02:00:17.833Z Its job is to recognize and bind to the whiplike flagella that bacteria use to move around. Obesity: How Intestinal Bacteria May Cause Weight Gain 2010-03-05T09:00:00Z The multiplication of thongs for purposes of flogging is found in the old Roman flagellum, a scourge, which had sometimes three thongs with bone or bronze knots fastened to them. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 5, Slice 5 "Cat" to "Celt" Flagellum 1, sometimes with a tail-like posterior prominence passing into a temporary flagellum, but without other cytoplasmic processes. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 10, Slice 4 "Finland" to "Fleury, Andre" 2011-03-20T02:00:30.697Z The affinities of the Dinoflagellata are certainly with those Cryptomonadine Flagellates which possess two unequal flagella; the zoospores or young of the Cystoflagellates are practically colourless Dinoflagellates. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 8, Slice 5 "Dinard" to "Dodsworth" It bore a long flagellum at the end furthest from its point of attachment, the method of which I could not ascertain. Freshwater Sponges, Hydroids & Polyzoa 2011-06-25T02:00:17.833Z —The power of motion in certain species of bacteria is due to hair-like appendages called flagella. American Red Cross Text-Book on Home Hygiene and Care of the Sick "Spare not the sinner, neither let the stripes be light, 'Non sit levis flagella,' says Origen." The Daltons, Volume I (of II) Or,Three Roads In Life Mouth-spots two, or one, with a distinct construction; flagella symmetrically arranged; nucleus bilobed or geminate. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 10, Slice 4 "Finland" to "Fleury, Andre" 2011-03-20T02:00:30.697Z By means of their flagella the numerous microgametes break loose from the body of the microgametocyte and swim away in search of a female element. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 6, Slice 5 "Clervaux" to "Cockade" Tim and his congeries hate the clerics, but they fear the flagellum. Ireland as It Is And as It Would be Under Home Rule These flagella by a lashing movement somewhat resembling the action of oars enable the organisms to move through fluids. American Red Cross Text-Book on Home Hygiene and Care of the Sick "Those appendages, cilia, flagella, call them whatever you wish, are man-made tentacles, created for the purpose of seizing, crushing and destroying—then discarding...." Astounding Stories of Super-Science July 1930 Individual with the two flagella, and strongly contracting hinder region of the body. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 10, Slice 4 "Finland" to "Fleury, Andre" 2011-03-20T02:00:30.697Z She turned away her head, put her hand to her forehead, and then replied, emphasizing each word, "They are the flagellum Dei!" Holland, v. 1 (of 2) Note.—The flagella of some organisms can be demonstrated better by means of an alkaline stain or an acid stain—a point to be determined for each. The Elements of Bacteriological Technique A Laboratory Guide for Medical, Dental, and Technical Students. Second Edition Rewritten and Enlarged. It is possible also that low temperature affects the flagella of the organisms in the same way. Transactions of the American Society of Civil Engineers, vol. LXXII, June, 1911 Water Purification Plant, Washington, D. C. Results of Operation. Independent movement is effected by special motile organs, the cilia or flagella. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 3, Part 1, Slice 2 "Baconthorpe" to "Bankruptcy" An anterior lateral trailing flagellum may modify this axial rotation, and help in steering. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 10, Slice 4 "Finland" to "Fleury, Andre" 2011-03-20T02:00:30.697Z So rapid was this motion, and so short the flagellum, that the tadpole did not even tremble or vibrate as it moved, but forged steadily onward, without a tremor. Edge of the Jungle Pencil: a little, elongated brush of hair: in Diptera, applied to a group of sensory hairs on the flagellum of the antenna. Explanation of Terms Used in Entomology Black; the head and thorax finely rugose; the antennæ elongate, longer than the insect; the apical half of the flagellum pale ferruginous. Journal of the Proceedings of the Linnean Society - Vol. 3 Zoology "To the barracks of the Tower of Antonio they have taken him for the flagellum horrible." The Coming of the King Symmetrically placed flagella may have a symmetrical reciprocating motion like that of cilia. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 10, Slice 4 "Finland" to "Fleury, Andre" 2011-03-20T02:00:30.697Z With 3 or more flagella, none of which trails Order Polymastigida. Marine Protozoa from Woods Hole Bulletin of the United States Fish Commission 21:415-468, 1901 Post-annellus: in Hymenoptera, the 4th joint of antenna and 2d of flagellum. Explanation of Terms Used in Entomology The flagellum fusco-ferruginous beneath, the mandibles ferruginous at their apex; the wings dark brown with a splendid lustre of coppery and golden tints mixed with shades of violet. Journal of the Proceedings of the Linnean Society - Vol. 3 Zoology It is anaërobic, and occurs as long, thick rods with somewhat rounded ends and several laterally placed flagella. Manual of Surgery Volume First: General Surgery. Sixth Edition. They are both simple oval forms, but the former has a flagellum at both ends of the longer axis of the body, while the latter has a single flagellum in front. Scientific American Supplement, No. 643, April 28, 1888 Large; firm body wall; 1 or 2 flagella; mouth or pharynx, or both Order Euglenida. Marine Protozoa from Woods Hole Bulletin of the United States Fish Commission 21:415-468, 1901 Flabellum: a fan: a leafed structure: the transparent lobe at the end of the glossa in bees: also used as = flagellum; q.v. Explanation of Terms Used in Entomology Rufo-testaceous and very smooth and shining; the antennæ as long as the insect; the flagellum, mandibles, tarsi, and articulations of the legs pale testaceous. Journal of the Proceedings of the Linnean Society - Vol. 3 Zoology Many forms are motile—some in virtue of fine thread-like flagella, and others through contractility of the protoplasm. Manual of Surgery Volume First: General Surgery. Sixth Edition. One of these forms is Heteromita rostrata, which, it will be remembered, in addition to a front flagellum, has also a long fiber or flagellum-like appendage that gracefully trails as it swims. Scientific American Supplement, No. 643, April 28, 1888 The long flagellum rigid; shorter one vibrates Genus Sterromonas * Presence at Woods Hole indicated by asterisk. Marine Protozoa from Woods Hole Bulletin of the United States Fish Commission 21:415-468, 1901 The units of the recesses each consist of a living particle, whose free extremity is raised into a kind of collar, from which projects a lash-like filament known as a flagellum. Young Folks' Library, Volume XI (of 20) Wonders of Earth, Sea and Sky Black and shining; the vertex highly polished; the front from the posterior ocelli forwards closely punctured and opake; the mandibles, scape, and basal joint of the flagellum ferruginous. Journal of the Proceedings of the Linnean Society - Vol. 3 Zoology Savonarola had preached of him as the flagellum Dei, the minister appointed to regenerate the Church and purify the font of spiritual life in the peninsula. Renaissance in Italy, Volume 1 (of 7) The Age of the Despots It divides, acquiring for each half a flagellum in division, and then, in its highest vigor, in about four minutes, each half divides again. Scientific American Supplement, No. 643, April 28, 1888 With an undulatory membrane between accessory flagella Genus Trimastix Without such membrane; flagella contained in a ventral groove while at rest Genus Costia * Presence at Woods Hole indicated by asterisk. Marine Protozoa from Woods Hole Bulletin of the United States Fish Commission 21:415-468, 1901 They contain a nucleus represented by the dark area in the centre and a fur-like membrane terminating in a long whip-like flagellum. Disease and Its Causes Black; the orbits of the eyes, the face before the antennæ, the mandibles and palpi yellowish-white; the flagellum with the joints from the 14th to 25th white. Journal of the Proceedings of the Linnean Society - Vol. 3 Zoology Instead of these they have at one end of the ovoid or pear-shaped body a long, whiplash-like process or thread, a flagellum, and by swinging this they propel themselves through the water. The Whence and the Whither of Man A Brief History of His Origin and Development through Conformity to Environment; Being the Morse Lectures of 1895 Then do the intermediate forms that move also possess these flagella, and does this least form in nature, viz., Scientific American Supplement, No. 470, January 3, 1885 Body striped; not plastic; posterior flagellum longer than the other Genus *Anisonema 3. Marine Protozoa from Woods Hole Bulletin of the United States Fish Commission 21:415-468, 1901 A flagellum has been demonstrated as attached to one or both extremities. Scientific American Supplement, No. 787, January 31, 1891 Head, scape of the antennæ, thorax, anterior and intermediate legs, ferruginous; flagellum and tips of the mandibles black. Journal of the Proceedings of the Linnean Society - Vol. 3 Zoology After a time each individual absorbs its flagella, the colony is broken up, the different individuals settle to the bottom, and each gives rise by division to a new colony. The Whence and the Whither of Man A Brief History of His Origin and Development through Conformity to Environment; Being the Morse Lectures of 1895 The demonstration of its flagella was a task of difficulty which only patient purpose could conquer. Scientific American Supplement, No. 470, January 3, 1885 The pseudopodia are occasionally withdrawn, and the flagellum is the sole means of locomotion. Marine Protozoa from Woods Hole Bulletin of the United States Fish Commission 21:415-468, 1901 The supposed action of the flagella in the production of the movements observed was explained, distinct evidence being afforded of a remarkable spiral motion, at least of those behind. Scientific American Supplement, No. 492, June 6, 1885 Jet-black, shining; head very smooth, the hinder margin of the vertex finely punctured, the face with a few fine scattered punctures; the flagellum obscurely rufo-fuscous. Journal of the Proceedings of the Linnean Society - Vol. 3 Zoology Around their exposed larger ends, which form the surface of the sphere, are rows of flagella, by whose united action the colony rolls through the water. The Whence and the Whither of Man A Brief History of His Origin and Development through Conformity to Environment; Being the Morse Lectures of 1895 On the stage of the instrument, the Bacterium with its flagellum in distinct focus is placed. Scientific American Supplement, No. 470, January 3, 1885 The body is small, globular or oval and either free-swimming or fastened by one of the two flagella. Marine Protozoa from Woods Hole Bulletin of the United States Fish Commission 21:415-468, 1901 These cells are arranged around the ciliated chambers in the form of a collar, and from each cell flagella protrude, which are in continual motion. Scientific American Supplement, No. 601, July 9, 1887 Black; the apical joints of the flagellum, the anterior legs, the anterior and intermediate tibiæ, and the apical joints of the tarsi pale ferruginous; the extreme base of the anterior tarsi black. Journal of the Proceedings of the Linnean Society - Vol. 3 Zoology Both the blastosphere and gastrula often swim freely by flagella. The Whence and the Whither of Man A Brief History of His Origin and Development through Conformity to Environment; Being the Morse Lectures of 1895 The result is given in the figure; you see that ten flagella would fill the area occupied by the diameter of the body. Scientific American Supplement, No. 470, January 3, 1885 In addition to the main flagellum, there are usually one or two small flagella at the basis of the larger one. Marine Protozoa from Woods Hole Bulletin of the United States Fish Commission 21:415-468, 1901 When the embryo has become partly developed, it detaches itself from the parent sponge, and, issuing from the oscula, propels itself through the water by means of a number of flagella. Scientific American Supplement, No. 601, July 9, 1887 In the adult, the internal antennæ possess short flagella and complementary appendages, such as exist in the order Brachyura, whilst the external antennæ have the long and slender flagella proper to the Macrura. Journal of the Proceedings of the Linnean Society - Vol. 3 Zoology He began a series of satires on princes and leading men, and earned the title of flagellum principum. Books Fatal to Their Authors That the power of motion in these forms and in the Bacteria is dependent upon these flagella I believe there can be no reasonable doubt. Scientific American Supplement, No. 470, January 3, 1885 The body is ovoid and the main flagellum is about four times the length of the body. Marine Protozoa from Woods Hole Bulletin of the United States Fish Commission 21:415-468, 1901 But one of these species, M. Fresnelii, discovered by Savigny, in Egypt, is said to want the secondary flagellum of the anterior antennae, which occurs in the others. Facts and Arguments for Darwin Black; closely and strongly punctured; the clypeus, a line on the mandibles, and the scape in front, yellow; tips of the mandibles, the scape above, and the base of the flagellum ferruginous. Journal of the Proceedings of the Linnean Society - Vol. 3 Zoology Some say that he, the flagellum of princes, was beaten to death by command of the princes of Italy; others narrate that he who laughed at others all his life died through laughter. Books Fatal to Their Authors During this time the nuclear body has commenced and continued a process of self-division; from this moment the organism grows rapidly rounder, the flagella swiftly diverge. Scientific American Supplement, No. 470, January 3, 1885 The body is naked, usually amœboid in its changes, and provided with two flagella, one of which is usually trailed along under and behind the animal. Marine Protozoa from Woods Hole Bulletin of the United States Fish Commission 21:415-468, 1901 The latter, as is well known, is the only Isopod which possesses a secondary flagellum on the anterior antennae. Facts and Arguments for Darwin Head and thorax black, closely and strongly punctured; the face below the antennæ with silvery-white pubescence; the joints of the flagellum submoniliform; the mandibles ferruginous. Journal of the Proceedings of the Linnean Society - Vol. 3 Zoology This motion is produced by flagella which protrude from the body. The Story of Germ Life After this its activity diminished, in a few minutes the body became quite still, leaving only a feeble motion in the flagellum, which soon fell upon the body-substance and was lost. Scientific American Supplement, No. 470, January 3, 1885 The anterior end is usually pointed, with the flagella arising from a minute depression; the posterior end is rounded. Marine Protozoa from Woods Hole Bulletin of the United States Fish Commission 21:415-468, 1901 The outer antennae exhibit a well-developed and sometimes distinctly articulated scale, and within this usually a spiniform process; the flagellum appears generally to be still wanting. Facts and Arguments for Darwin Black; the scape, the base of the flagellum beneath, the anterior margin of the clypeus and the mandibles ferruginous; the latter black at their apex. Journal of the Proceedings of the Linnean Society - Vol. 3 Zoology These flagella keep up a lashing to and fro in the liquid, and the lashing serves to propel the bacteria through the liquid. The Story of Germ Life With the flagellum comes motion, and with that abundant pabulum, and therefore rapid growth. Scientific American Supplement, No. 470, January 3, 1885 The trailing flagellum is invariably much longer than the vibratory one. Marine Protozoa from Woods Hole Bulletin of the United States Fish Commission 21:415-468, 1901 It was a curious sensation—that first stroke of the flagellum. The Lamp of Fate Antennæ shorter than the thorax; joints from the first to the seventh short; flagellum long, lanceolate, slightly curved. Journal of the Proceedings of the Linnean Society - Vol. 3 Zoology When at rest, the flagella are directed backwards. Marine Protozoa from Woods Hole Bulletin of the United States Fish Commission 21:415-468, 1901 If now it be sharply and specially looked for, it will be seen that the root of the flagella splits, dividing henceforth into two separate pairs. Scientific American Supplement, No. 470, January 3, 1885 Solid food particles are taken in near base of flagella. Marine Protozoa from Woods Hole Bulletin of the United States Fish Commission 21:415-468, 1901 For a moment Sister Agnetia's arm hung flaccid, the cords of the flagellum pendant and still. The Lamp of Fate Deep blue-green, with tints of purple in certain lights, particularly on the head, the clypeus with a central longitudinal ridge, its anterior margin slightly emarginate; the flagellum rufo-piceous beneath, the ocelli white. Journal of the Proceedings of the Linnean Society - Vol. 3 Zoology Flagellates with one flagellum, a spindle-form body and a high degree of plasticity, the contour constantly changing. Marine Protozoa from Woods Hole Bulletin of the United States Fish Commission 21:415-468, 1901 It will have struck you that the new organism enters upon its career with only two flagella, and the normal organism is possessed of four. Scientific American Supplement, No. 470, January 3, 1885 An anterior process is almost always present, and below this the flagella are inserted in a minute depression. Marine Protozoa from Woods Hole Bulletin of the United States Fish Commission 21:415-468, 1901 The flagellum is inserted in a distinct œsophageal tube, into which the contractile vacuole empties. Marine Protozoa from Woods Hole Bulletin of the United States Fish Commission 21:415-468, 1901 Flagellates with two flagella, of which one is directed forwards and is concerned with the locomotion of the animal, while the other is directed backwards and drags after the animal when in motion. Marine Protozoa from Woods Hole Bulletin of the United States Fish Commission 21:415-468, 1901 An aberrant flagellate bearing a single flagellum and a silicious skeleton resembling those of the Radiolaria. Marine Protozoa from Woods Hole Bulletin of the United States Fish Commission 21:415-468, 1901 Rapidly the ends split, one-half being in each fiber set free, and the other remaining fixed, and in 130 seconds each entire flagellum was divided into a perfect pair. Scientific American Supplement, No. 470, January 3, 1885 The contractile vacuole is close to the base of the flagella. Marine Protozoa from Woods Hole Bulletin of the United States Fish Commission 21:415-468, 1901 The color is yellow, and except for the flagellum the form might easily be mistaken for a Radiolarian, as has been the case repeatedly. Marine Protozoa from Woods Hole Bulletin of the United States Fish Commission 21:415-468, 1901 Diagnostic characters: The transverse furrow is absent and the two flagella arise from the anterior end of the body. Marine Protozoa from Woods Hole Bulletin of the United States Fish Commission 21:415-468, 1901 With transverse flagellum in a distinct furrow 6 Transverse flagellum not in a furrow 10 6. Marine Protozoa from Woods Hole Bulletin of the United States Fish Commission 21:415-468, 1901 Meanwhile, the diffluence causes a spreading and flattening of the sarcode and swimming gives place to creeping, while the flagella violently lash. Scientific American Supplement, No. 470, January 3, 1885 The flagella are about the same size, the anterior one usually somewhat longer. Marine Protozoa from Woods Hole Bulletin of the United States Fish Commission 21:415-468, 1901 The flagella arise near cross-furrow or, in some cases, in longitudinal furrow. Marine Protozoa from Woods Hole Bulletin of the United States Fish Commission 21:415-468, 1901 The two swam freely together, both flagella being in action, but it was shortly palpable that the larger one was absorbing the lesser. Scientific American Supplement, No. 470, January 3, 1885 And this pointed end was universally the end from which the flagellum emerged. Scientific American Supplement, No. 470, January 3, 1885 In form it is a long oval, it is without visible structure or differentiation within, and is possessed of only a single flagellum. Scientific American Supplement, No. 470, January 3, 1885 At the base of this process is a large cavity or funnel, on the dorsal wall of which, or on a projection from this wall, are two equal-size flagella. Marine Protozoa from Woods Hole Bulletin of the United States Fish Commission 21:415-468, 1901 |
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