单词 | amphioxus |
例句 | Further experiments using single-cell analysis on amphioxus larvae will be needed to help determine how the complex architecture of the vertebrate brain arose. A deep dive into the development of sea squirts 2019-07-09T04:00:00Z All homeobox genes identified in the genomes of the two hemichordates and amphioxus are listed in the Supplementary Table for Extended Data Fig. Hemichordate genomes and deuterostome origins : Nature : Nature Publishing Group 2015-11-17T05:00:00Z Pairwise distances to amphioxus are shown for each species above their respective branches. Elephant shark genome provides unique insights into gnathostome evolution 2014-01-08T18:21:42.027Z The lowest group of Vertebrata, including the amphioxus, in which no skull exists. Webster's Unabridged Dictionary 2012-03-24T02:00:23.513Z She works with amphioxus and is not convinced that all of these signaling centers are absent from her subjects after all. Worm Discovery Illuminates How Our Brains Might Have Evolved 2012-03-15T11:45:00.220Z Wilson's results, obtained by shaking apart the segmentation spheres, were even more interesting, as they were performed upon amphioxus, a more highly-organized animal. The Biological Problem of To-day Preformation Or Epigenesis? The Basis of a Theory of Organic Development 2011-08-29T02:01:04.170Z All homeobox genes identified in the genomes of the two hemichordates and amphioxus are listed in the Supplementary Table for Extended Data Fig. Hemichordate genomes and deuterostome origins : Nature : Nature Publishing Group 2015-11-17T05:00:00Z Pairwise distances to amphioxus are shown for each species above their respective branches. Elephant shark genome provides unique insights into gnathostome evolution 2014-01-08T18:21:42.027Z In terms of the apparent expansion and divergence of NACHT-encoding genes, the coral resembles amphioxus, the sea urchin and angiosperms. Using the Acropora digitifera genome to understand coral responses to environmental change 2011-08-17T17:22:15.917Z According to Pani and his colleagues, these cues are not present in amphioxus and its fellow invertebrate chordates, suggesting that they lost them over time. Worm Discovery Illuminates How Our Brains Might Have Evolved 2012-03-15T11:45:00.220Z Wilson, separation of segmentation spheres of amphioxus egg, 60. The Biological Problem of To-day Preformation Or Epigenesis? The Basis of a Theory of Organic Development 2011-08-29T02:01:04.170Z These early predecessors of man, thus seen in the dim recesses of time, must have been as lowly organised as the lancelet or amphioxus, or even still more lowly organised. The Descent of Man and Selection in Relation to Sex, Vol. I 2011-01-17T03:00:49.523Z It is still more remarkable than the amphioxus or lancelet, which has been long known. 1931: A Glance at the Twentieth Century A skilful worker may do much with a single specimen, as, for example, Johannes M�ller did half a century ago with the one available specimen of amphioxus, the lowest of vertebrates, then recently discovered. A History of Science, Volume 5(of 5) Aspects Of Recent Science Holland notes that a lot more research—on acorn worms, amphioxus and other extant invertebrates—is needed. Worm Discovery Illuminates How Our Brains Might Have Evolved 2012-03-15T11:45:00.220Z The cells lying on the surface extended hair-like processes or fringes of hair, which, by striking against the water, kept the whole body rotating—the lanceolate animals or amphioxus were thus first produced. Was Man Created? Compare the process of fission in an amoeba with the segmentation of the ovum in amphioxus, pointing out the resemblances and differences between the two cases. Text Book of Biology, Part 1: Vertebrata In the lowest vertebrate animal, the amphioxus, the cerebrum and cerebellum do not exist at all. The Destiny of Man Viewed in the Light of His Origin The egg of the lowest vertebrate, amphioxus, shows these changes in a simple and apparently primitive form. The Whence and the Whither of Man A Brief History of His Origin and Development through Conformity to Environment; Being the Morse Lectures of 1895 "I think the amphioxus community is going to be up in arms." Worm Discovery Illuminates How Our Brains Might Have Evolved 2012-03-15T11:45:00.220Z Then the candidate was badgered about the pterodactyl, and concerning the difference in anatomy between a bat and a bird, and about the lamprey, and the cartilaginous fishes, and the amphioxus. The Firm of Girdlestone It is simply a single cell, with some power of amoeboid motion, a single nucleus and nucleolus; and in amphioxus its protoplasm is clear and transparent. Text Book of Biology, Part 1: Vertebrata As I understand it, he actually anticipated in his pamphlet Saint Hilaire's theory of the universal type, and supported the hypothesis by describing the notochord of the amphioxus as a cartilaginous vertebral column. Crucial Instances Of all the relatives of vertebrates back to worms only the very aberrant lines of amphioxus and of the tunicata remain. The Whence and the Whither of Man A Brief History of His Origin and Development through Conformity to Environment; Being the Morse Lectures of 1895 The Gastraea bilateralis, of which we may conceive the bilateral gastrula of the amphioxus to be a palingenetic reproduction, represented the two-sided organism of the earliest Metazoa in its simplest form. The Evolution of Man — Volume 2 This has been transmitted from the amphioxus to all the other modified gastrula-forms of the vertebrate stem. The Evolution of Man — Volume 1 Hence, in considering the structure of amphioxus, we have three series of cells from which its tissues are developed:-- 1. Text Book of Biology, Part 1: Vertebrata Why, his account of the amphioxus, of course! Crucial Instances These early ancestors of man, thus seen in the dim recesses of time, must have been as simply, or even still more simply organised than the lancelet or amphioxus. The Descent of Man Recently eight to ten species of the amphioxus have been determined, distributed in two or three genera. The Evolution of Man — Volume 2 As the gastrulation of the amphioxus shows the original palingenetic form in its simplest features, that of the other vertebrates must have been derived from it. The Evolution of Man — Volume 1 Figure 9 ii. shows all the essential points of the structure of amphioxus. Text Book of Biology, Part 1: Vertebrata Hence in the light of the gastraea theory we must regard the features of the amphioxus as the only and real primitive structure among all the vertebrates, departing very little from the palingenetic embryonic form. The Evolution of Man — Volume 1 Nevertheless, it is not difficult to reduce the whole cenogenetic or disturbed development of this amphigastrula to the true palingenetic formation of the archigastrula of the amphioxus. The Evolution of Man — Volume 1 Thus the gastrulation of the placentals, which diverges most from that of the amphioxus, the primitive form, is reduced to the original type, the invagination of a modified blastula. The Evolution of Man — Volume 1 All impartial zoologists agree to-day that all the vertebrates, from the amphioxus and the fishes to the ape and man, descend from a common ancestor, "the primitive vertebrate." The Evolution of Man — Volume 1 The blastosphere of the frog is like what the blastosphere of amphioxus would be, if the future hypoblast cells were enormously larger through their protoplasm being diluted with yolk. Text Book of Biology, Part 1: Vertebrata There is no heart in the amphioxus, probably owing to degeneration. The Evolution of Man — Volume 1 As the first structure of the spinal column it has the same radical significance in all vertebrates, from the amphioxus to man. The Evolution of Man — Volume 1 But it is only in the amphioxus and the cyclostoma that the axial rod retains its simplest form throughout life. The Evolution of Man — Volume 1 The amphioxus reveals the great secret of the origin of the vertebrates from the invertebrate vermalia, and in its development and structure connects directly with certain lower tunicates, the ascidia. The Evolution of Man — Volume 1 Such a gastrula, formed mainly by overgrowth of the epiblast, is called an epibolic gastrula, as distinguished from the invaginate gastrula of amphioxus. Text Book of Biology, Part 1: Vertebrata This one lowest vertebrate that merits the closest study—undoubtedly the most interesting of all the vertebrates after man—is the famous lancelet or amphioxus, to which we have already often referred. The Evolution of Man — Volume 1 A similar fringe, going round the greater part of the body, is found to-day in the amphioxus and the cyclostoma; we also find one in the tail of fish-larvae and tadpoles. The Evolution of Man — Volume 1 This is not the case in the gastrula of the amphioxus. The Evolution of Man — Volume 1 The amphioxus departs so little from this primitive form that we may, in a certain sense, describe it as a modified "primitive vertebrate." The Evolution of Man — Volume 1 If we compare the nervous system of amphioxus with that of any vertebrate, we find at once a number of striking differences. Text Book of Biology, Part 1: Vertebrata The same kind of coelom-formation as in sagitta was afterwards found by Kowalevsky in brachiopods and other invertebrates, and in the lowest vertebrate—the amphioxus. The Evolution of Man — Volume 1 In the amphioxus, too, they are still segmentally formed. The Evolution of Man — Volume 1 Hatschek rightly observes that the segmentation of the ovum in the amphioxus is not strictly equal, but almost equal, and approaches the unequal. The Evolution of Man — Volume 1 In the craniota we always find only one pair of gonads; in the amphioxus several pairs, arranged in succession. The Evolution of Man — Volume 1 All animals that have little yolk, and start early in life for themselves, pass through a gastrula stage, substantially the same as this of amphioxus. Text Book of Biology, Part 1: Vertebrata In the amphioxus each of the former makes a muscular pouch, and each of the latter a sex-pouch or gonad. The Evolution of Man — Volume 1 The articulation of the amphioxus begins at an early stage—earlier than in the craniotes. The Evolution of Man — Volume 1 Embryo of the amphioxus, twenty hours old, with five somites. The Evolution of Man — Volume 1 Coelomation takes place with equal clearness and transparency in the case of the amphioxus, the lowest vertebrate, and its nearest relatives, the invertebrate tunicates, the sea-squirts. The Evolution of Man — Volume 1 The young amphioxus has, at this stage, which is called the gastrula stage, a curious parallelism with such a lowly form as the Hydra of our ditches. Text Book of Biology, Part 1: Vertebrata Embryo of the amphioxus, twenty four hours old, with eight somites. The Evolution of Man — Volume 1 In the lowest of the vertebrates, the amphioxus, the internal skeleton consists only of this cord throughout life. The Evolution of Man — Volume 1 In this the simple development of the invaluable amphioxus once more furnishes the key to the complex and cenogenetically modified embryonic processes of the craniota. The Evolution of Man — Volume 1 On the other hand, the division of the body into two sections, head and trunk, was probably clearer in Prospondylus than it is in its little-changed ancestor, the amphioxus. The Evolution of Man — Volume 1 Hence the anterior end of the future amphioxus, the head end, is pointing towards the Figure 6, and the letters ep. are marked on the side which will be dorsal. Text Book of Biology, Part 1: Vertebrata This is clearly shown by the ova of the amphibia and cyclostoma, which explain the transition from the yelk-less ova of the amphioxus to the large yelk-filled ova of the reptiles and birds. The Evolution of Man — Volume 1 If this unity of the stem, on the basis of the amphioxus, were always borne in mind, we should not have these errors constantly recurring. The Evolution of Man — Volume 1 What is called the "blastula" of the mammal and the real blastula of the amphioxus and many of the invertebrates are totally different embryonic structures. The Evolution of Man — Volume 1 In the bell-gastrula of the amphioxus and in the hooded gastrula of the lamprey and the frog the germinal layers are found to be closed tubes or vesicles from the first. The Evolution of Man — Volume 1 Embryo of the amphioxus, sixteen hours old, seen from the back. The Evolution of Man — Volume 1 |
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