| 单词 | esophagoscope |
| 例句 | The coiled spring is to be sought, and when found, seized with the rotation forceps and the pin thus drawn into the esophagoscope to effect closure. Bronchoscopy and Esophagoscopy A Manual of Peroral Endoscopy and Laryngeal Surgery At A the esophagoscope is represented in the bottom of the pouch after the surgeon has cut down to where he can feel the esophagoscope. Bronchoscopy and Esophagoscopy A Manual of Peroral Endoscopy and Laryngeal Surgery For the use of bougies of the larger sizes, the special esophagoscopes with both the light-carrier canal and the drainage canal outside the lumen of the tube are needed. Bronchoscopy and Esophagoscopy A Manual of Peroral Endoscopy and Laryngeal Surgery Webs in the upper third of the esophagus are best determined by the passage of a large esophagoscope which puts the esophagus on the stretch. Bronchoscopy and Esophagoscopy A Manual of Peroral Endoscopy and Laryngeal Surgery The esophagoscope here shown is of the form squarely cut off at the end. Bronchoscopy and Esophagoscopy A Manual of Peroral Endoscopy and Laryngeal Surgery During practice work the value of the beveled lip of the bronchoscope and esophagoscope in solving mechanical problems will be evidenced. Bronchoscopy and Esophagoscopy A Manual of Peroral Endoscopy and Laryngeal Surgery The esophagoscope is now withdrawn from the pouch and entered into the esophagus proper, below the diverticulum, while the surgeon cuts off the hernial sac and sutures the esophagopharyngeal wound over the esophagoscope. Bronchoscopy and Esophagoscopy A Manual of Peroral Endoscopy and Laryngeal Surgery Purely functional cases are often cured by the passage of a large esophagoscope. Bronchoscopy and Esophagoscopy A Manual of Peroral Endoscopy and Laryngeal Surgery The esophageal speculum will be found particularly useful in exposing the subdiverticular orifice, and through this a small esophagoscope may be passed into the esophagus, thus completing the diagnosis. Bronchoscopy and Esophagoscopy A Manual of Peroral Endoscopy and Laryngeal Surgery The adult size esophagoscope being 53 cm. long will reach the stomach of the average individual. Bronchoscopy and Esophagoscopy A Manual of Peroral Endoscopy and Laryngeal Surgery With the esophagoscope, the string is not necessary, because the lumen of the stricture can be exposed to view by the esophagoscope. Bronchoscopy and Esophagoscopy A Manual of Peroral Endoscopy and Laryngeal Surgery The wall, F, should be laterally displaced to J, with the esophagoscope, permitting the forceps to grasp the end, M, of the bone. Bronchoscopy and Esophagoscopy A Manual of Peroral Endoscopy and Laryngeal Surgery D, the withdrawal of the pin into the esophagoscope which will thereby close it. Bronchoscopy and Esophagoscopy A Manual of Peroral Endoscopy and Laryngeal Surgery A white, pasty, macerated mucosa, and normally contracted hiatus esophageus which when found permits the large esophagoscope to pass into the stomach, will be recognized as characteristic by anyone who has seen the condition. Bronchoscopy and Esophagoscopy A Manual of Peroral Endoscopy and Laryngeal Surgery Further dilatation by endoscopic guidance may be obtained by the introduction of Mosher's divulsor through the esophagoscope, by which accurate placement is obtained. Bronchoscopy and Esophagoscopy A Manual of Peroral Endoscopy and Laryngeal Surgery Unless a very large esophagoscope be used, a traction diverticulum may easily be overlooked in the mucosal folds. Bronchoscopy and Esophagoscopy A Manual of Peroral Endoscopy and Laryngeal Surgery Gastrostomy for feeding rarely becomes necessary, for a stomach tube can always be placed with the esophagoscope if it will not pass otherwise. Bronchoscopy and Esophagoscopy A Manual of Peroral Endoscopy and Laryngeal Surgery Rapid divulsion and internal esophagotomy are mechanically very easily and accurately done through the esophagoscope, and would yield a few prompt cures; but the mortality would be very high. Bronchoscopy and Esophagoscopy A Manual of Peroral Endoscopy and Laryngeal Surgery Spasmodic stenoses are differentiated by the absence of cicatrices and the yielding of the stenosis to gentle but continuous pressure of the esophagoscope. Bronchoscopy and Esophagoscopy A Manual of Peroral Endoscopy and Laryngeal Surgery It can then be drawn into the tube mouth so as to protect the tissues during withdrawal of the pin, forceps, and esophagoscope as one piece. Bronchoscopy and Esophagoscopy A Manual of Peroral Endoscopy and Laryngeal Surgery The absence of the cricopharyngeal resistance to the esophagoscope passed without anesthesia, general or local, is diagnostic. Bronchoscopy and Esophagoscopy A Manual of Peroral Endoscopy and Laryngeal Surgery If the spasm gradually yields, and a full-sized esophagoscope passes without further resistance, it may be stated that the esophagus is of normal calibre, and a diagnosis of spasmodic stenosis can be made. Bronchoscopy and Esophagoscopy A Manual of Peroral Endoscopy and Laryngeal Surgery The compressive mass can be detected by the sensation transmitted to the touch by the esophagoscope. Bronchoscopy and Esophagoscopy A Manual of Peroral Endoscopy and Laryngeal Surgery After the surgeon has exposed the esophagus by dissection, the endoscopist introduces the esophagoscope into the sac, and delivers it into the wound, while the surgeon frees it from adhesions. Bronchoscopy and Esophagoscopy A Manual of Peroral Endoscopy and Laryngeal Surgery The use of an esophagoscope of small diameter. Bronchoscopy and Esophagoscopy A Manual of Peroral Endoscopy and Laryngeal Surgery Gastroscopes.—The gastroscope is of the same construction as the esophagoscope, with the exception that it is made longer, in order to reach all parts of the stomach. Bronchoscopy and Esophagoscopy A Manual of Peroral Endoscopy and Laryngeal Surgery Perforation of the esophagus with the esophagoscope is rare, in skillful hands, if the esophageal wall is sound. Bronchoscopy and Esophagoscopy A Manual of Peroral Endoscopy and Laryngeal Surgery The folds of the esophagus are to be carefully searched with the aid of the lip of the esophagoscope. Bronchoscopy and Esophagoscopy A Manual of Peroral Endoscopy and Laryngeal Surgery Should the bolus of food be lodged at the lower level the esophagoscope will be required. Bronchoscopy and Esophagoscopy A Manual of Peroral Endoscopy and Laryngeal Surgery They are readily removed with the retrograde esophagoscope even through the smallest fistula. Bronchoscopy and Esophagoscopy A Manual of Peroral Endoscopy and Laryngeal Surgery If, for instance, the esophagoscope were to be pushed upon with a fold thus anchored in the distal end, the esophageal wall could easily be torn. Bronchoscopy and Esophagoscopy A Manual of Peroral Endoscopy and Laryngeal Surgery The simple passage of the esophagoscope suffices to cure some cases. Bronchoscopy and Esophagoscopy A Manual of Peroral Endoscopy and Laryngeal Surgery The esophagoscope is to be passed only with ocular guidance, never blindly with a mandrin or obturator, as was done before the bevel-ended esophagoscope was developed. Bronchoscopy and Esophagoscopy A Manual of Peroral Endoscopy and Laryngeal Surgery The esophagoscope usually glides easily through the thoracic esophagus if the patient's position is correct. Bronchoscopy and Esophagoscopy A Manual of Peroral Endoscopy and Laryngeal Surgery Difficulties of Esophagoscopy.—The beginner may find the esophagoscope seemingly rigidly fixed, so that it can be neither introduced nor withdrawn. Bronchoscopy and Esophagoscopy A Manual of Peroral Endoscopy and Laryngeal Surgery Care must be exercised not to perforate the bottom of the diverticular pouch by pressure with the esophagoscope or esophageal speculum. Bronchoscopy and Esophagoscopy A Manual of Peroral Endoscopy and Laryngeal Surgery As shown by the author it is this muscle and not the cricoid cartilage alone that causes the difficulty in the insertion of an esophagoscope. Bronchoscopy and Esophagoscopy A Manual of Peroral Endoscopy and Laryngeal Surgery Endo-tracheal administration of ether is, however, far safer than peroral administration, for it overcomes the danger of respiratory arrest from pressure of the esophagoscope, foreign body, or both, on the trachea. Bronchoscopy and Esophagoscopy A Manual of Peroral Endoscopy and Laryngeal Surgery The handle of the esophagoscope is still pointing upward and consequently we are sure that the lip of the esophagoscope is directed anteriorly. Bronchoscopy and Esophagoscopy A Manual of Peroral Endoscopy and Laryngeal Surgery The esophagoscope should be passed to the right of the median line into the right pyriform sinus, represented here by the right arm of the dark crescent. Bronchoscopy and Esophagoscopy A Manual of Peroral Endoscopy and Laryngeal Surgery Roentgenray examination with barium mixture or esophagoscopes simultaneously in situ above and below are useful in the study of such cases. Bronchoscopy and Esophagoscopy A Manual of Peroral Endoscopy and Laryngeal Surgery Once inserted, the esophagoscope should not be removed until the completion of the procedure, unless respiratory arrest demands it. Bronchoscopy and Esophagoscopy A Manual of Peroral Endoscopy and Laryngeal Surgery High strictures of the esophagus may be exposed and treated by direct visual bouginage until the lumen is sufficiently dilated to allow the passage of the esophagoscope for bouginage of the deeper strictures. Bronchoscopy and Esophagoscopy A Manual of Peroral Endoscopy and Laryngeal Surgery As the bronchoscope or esophagoscope is further inserted, the head must be placed so that the tube corresponds to the axis of the lumen of the passage to be examined. Bronchoscopy and Esophagoscopy A Manual of Peroral Endoscopy and Laryngeal Surgery The slanted end on the esophagoscope obviates the necessity of a mandrin for introduction. Bronchoscopy and Esophagoscopy A Manual of Peroral Endoscopy and Laryngeal Surgery The retrograde esophagoscope serves very well for work through small fistulae. Bronchoscopy and Esophagoscopy A Manual of Peroral Endoscopy and Laryngeal Surgery X 45 cm. esophagoscope will reach the stomach of almost all adults and is somewhat easier to introduce than the 10 mm. Bronchoscopy and Esophagoscopy A Manual of Peroral Endoscopy and Laryngeal Surgery X 30 cm. is used in infants, and also as a retrograde esophagoscope in patients of any age. Bronchoscopy and Esophagoscopy A Manual of Peroral Endoscopy and Laryngeal Surgery L, adult's size esophagoscope, full lumen construction, 9 mm. x 45 cm.; Bronchoscopy and Esophagoscopy A Manual of Peroral Endoscopy and Laryngeal Surgery A longer form for use through bronchoscopes and esophagoscopes is shown in Fig. Bronchoscopy and Esophagoscopy A Manual of Peroral Endoscopy and Laryngeal Surgery The positive pressure will quickly clear obstructed drainage canals, and may be used while the esophagoscope is in situ, by simply detaching the minus pressure tube and attaching the plus pressure. Bronchoscopy and Esophagoscopy A Manual of Peroral Endoscopy and Laryngeal Surgery Bougies should be introduced under visual guidance through the esophagoscope, which is so placed that the lumen of the stricture is in the center of the endoscopic field. Bronchoscopy and Esophagoscopy A Manual of Peroral Endoscopy and Laryngeal Surgery Oxygen Tank and Tracheotomy Instruments.—Respiratory arrest may occur from shifting of a foreign body, pressure of the esophagoscope, tumor, or diverticulum full of food. Bronchoscopy and Esophagoscopy A Manual of Peroral Endoscopy and Laryngeal Surgery Two sizes of esophagoscopes are all that are required—7 mm. Bronchoscopy and Esophagoscopy A Manual of Peroral Endoscopy and Laryngeal Surgery Blind introduction of the esophagoscope is equally as dangerous as blind bouginage. Bronchoscopy and Esophagoscopy A Manual of Peroral Endoscopy and Laryngeal Surgery The exact size, position, and shape of the drainage outlets is important on bronchoscopes, and to an even greater degree on esophagoscopes. Bronchoscopy and Esophagoscopy A Manual of Peroral Endoscopy and Laryngeal Surgery This view is not obtained with an esophagoscope. Bronchoscopy and Esophagoscopy A Manual of Peroral Endoscopy and Laryngeal Surgery It is through the pyriform sinus that the esophagoscope is to be inserted, thereby following the natural food passage. Bronchoscopy and Esophagoscopy A Manual of Peroral Endoscopy and Laryngeal Surgery The tip of the esophagoscope enters this lumen and the slanted end slides over the fold of the cricopharyngeus into the cervical esophagus. Bronchoscopy and Esophagoscopy A Manual of Peroral Endoscopy and Laryngeal Surgery Force must not be used, but steady firm pressure against the tonically contracted cricopharyngeus is made, while at the same time the distal end of the esophagoscope is lifted by the left thumb. Bronchoscopy and Esophagoscopy A Manual of Peroral Endoscopy and Laryngeal Surgery In ordinary cases, the regular esophagoscopes for adults and children respectively will afford a good view of the stomach, but there are cases which require longer tubes, and for these a gastroscope 10 mm. Bronchoscopy and Esophagoscopy A Manual of Peroral Endoscopy and Laryngeal Surgery In others it is absolutely necessary to remove food with the esophagoscope. Bronchoscopy and Esophagoscopy A Manual of Peroral Endoscopy and Laryngeal Surgery Posticus paralysis may occur from recurrent or vagal pressure by a misdirected esophagoscope. Bronchoscopy and Esophagoscopy A Manual of Peroral Endoscopy and Laryngeal Surgery The esophagoscope encounters only the diaphragmatic pinchcock which seems to be at the top of the stomach like the puckering string at the top of a bag. Bronchoscopy and Esophagoscopy A Manual of Peroral Endoscopy and Laryngeal Surgery |
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