| 单词 | American chestnut |
| 例句 | At the height of the American chestnut blight, every woodland breeze would lose spores in uncountable trillions to drift in a pretty, lethal haze on to neighboring hillsides. A Walk in the Woods 1997-11-01T00:00:00Z In just over thirty-five years the American chestnut became a memory. A Walk in the Woods 1997-11-01T00:00:00Z The problem arises when a tree encounters an attacker for which evolution has left it unprepared, and seldom has a tree been more helpless against an invader than the American chestnut against Endothia parasitica. A Walk in the Woods 1997-11-01T00:00:00Z But until quite recent times—painfully recent times—one thing remained in abundance that preserved the primeval super-Eden feel of the original forest: the massively graceful American chestnut. A Walk in the Woods 1997-11-01T00:00:00Z Chestnut was especially popular—not the imported European chestnut roasted on Manhattan street corners in the fall, but the smaller, soft-shelled, deeply sweet native American chestnut, now almost extinguished by chestnut blight. 1491 2005-10-10T00:00:00Z The Jaaxes’ house was the largest Victorian house in town, a pile of turreted brick with a slate roof and tall windows and a cupola and wooden paneling made of golden American chestnut. The Hot Zone 1994-01-01T00:00:00Z Before long, the dogwood, like the American chestnut and American elm, will effectively cease to exist. A Walk in the Woods 1997-11-01T00:00:00Z The newly extant hybrid species will need to be further genetically armored against the causes of their extinction, such as American chestnuts or resurrected gastric brooding frogs tweaked to resist fungal threats. “De-extinction” could spawn birth of hybrid species 2013-03-28T15:52:00Z A hundred years after the demise of the American chestnut, there is hope that future generations will witness something denied ours, the return of the big old American chestnut. Perspective | Blight wiped out the American chestnut. Parallel efforts are close to bringing it back. 2019-12-17T05:00:00Z That, for example, in the early 1900s, the American chestnut was nearly wiped out by a blight and that one of the first warning signs was a mysterious orange fungus on the bark. Sherrod Brown thinks he could have helped Democrats win in 2016. But what about 2020? 2017-07-23T04:00:00Z The Hoels are Norwegian immigrants whose vocations link them with our continent’s once-predominant tree, the American chestnut, as they all flourish and then are tragically cut back — both Hoels and chestnuts — to a lone scion. The Heroes of This Novel Are Centuries Old and 300 Feet Tall 2018-04-09T04:00:00Z After the festivities, at 3:30 p.m., the museum will hold a free public ceremony to support another species, the American chestnut tree. 8 Things to Do With Your Kids in N.Y.C. This Weekend 2019-04-18T04:00:00Z The restoration of the American chestnut is such an appealing idea that the proponents of genetic engineering are using it to win acceptance of the broader biotechnology, she says. Perspective | Blight wiped out the American chestnut. Parallel efforts are close to bringing it back. 2019-12-17T05:00:00Z The interior walls of the barn are exposed stone, and an enormous American chestnut beam runs the length of the room. House Tour: Converted Barn in Erwinna, Pa. 2010-06-17T21:34:00Z Not so broadly understood is that we are closer than ever to returning the American chestnut to its old haunts — or something akin to it. Perspective | Blight wiped out the American chestnut. Parallel efforts are close to bringing it back. 2019-12-17T05:00:00Z During Thoreau’s life, American chestnuts covered a huge swath of the Eastern United States. Review | The most exciting novel about trees you’ll ever read 2018-04-03T04:00:00Z Once these crosses produced trees that were carrying chiefly the American chestnut genome — as much as 90 percent — they were crossed with each other. Perspective | Blight wiped out the American chestnut. Parallel efforts are close to bringing it back. 2019-12-17T05:00:00Z I spent a morning in Tennessee with one of the scientists who are trying to create a fungus-resistant strain of the American chestnut, to reintroduce it. John Jeremiah Sullivan on Writing Unconsciously 2019-12-23T05:00:00Z We talked about how popular chestnut meal had been with bakers before the great American chestnut tree caught a blight and we ended up with not a single one left. I wanted the real story behind chess pie’s name. But no one wanted to talk about it. 2018-12-17T05:00:00Z “We called them gray ghosts,” the now 77-year-old retired forester says of the American chestnut tree scattered throughout his former North Carolina home and still towering over the forest floors. To save chestnut trees, we may have to ‘play God’ 2023-04-28T04:00:00Z A forester at the Bronx Zoo was the first to sound the alarm when he noticed a dead American chestnut tree in the middle of summer. This Overlooked Scientist Helped Save Washington, D.C.’s Cherry Trees 2023-01-26T05:00:00Z To him, the young trees symbolize what could be a critical comeback for some of the country’s vanishing forests, and for one tree in particular, the American chestnut. At Old Coal Mines, the American Chestnut Tries for a Comeback 2022-09-16T04:00:00Z The threatened list includes soaring coast redwoods, capacious American chestnuts, elegant black ash and gnarled whitebark pine. As many as one in six U.S. tree species is threatened with extinction 2022-08-23T04:00:00Z In the late 19th century, a fungus that likely arrived with Asian nursery stock began killing American chestnuts. Cargo, with a side of hornets, flies, and crabs 2022-02-14T05:00:00Z People have started asking for seedlings to plant in their yards, and the Eastern Band of Cherokee Indians in North Carolina has signed on to plant fungus-resistant American chestnuts on tribal land. Perspective | If we want to save the natural world, we’re going to have to change it 2021-11-05T04:00:00Z Within 50 years, the towering American chestnut trees were gone. This Overlooked Scientist Helped Save Washington, D.C.’s Cherry Trees 2023-01-26T05:00:00Z Now, Mr. French and his colleagues at Green Forests Work, a nonprofit group, hope to aid the decades-long effort to revive the American chestnut by bringing the trees back onto Appalachia’s former coal mines. At Old Coal Mines, the American Chestnut Tries for a Comeback 2022-09-16T04:00:00Z They added a gene from wheat to the otherwise unaltered American chestnut genome. To Restore Biodiversity, Embrace Biotech’s ‘Intended Consequences’ 2021-06-15T04:00:00Z Huge American chestnut trees, their trunks up to 10 feet in diameter, dominated forests from Maine to Mississippi. Human-driven climate change is changing the colors of fall foliage, scientists say 2020-10-16T04:00:00Z Today, the functionally extinct American chestnut tree, once the backbone of eastern North American forests, is on the precipice of a comeback. Perspective | If we want to save the natural world, we’re going to have to change it 2021-11-05T04:00:00Z For Flora, the blight that had killed off the American chestnut was a warning. This Overlooked Scientist Helped Save Washington, D.C.’s Cherry Trees 2023-01-26T05:00:00Z By springtime, the group had planted upward of 20,000 seedlings, a mix of 20 different native tree species including the American chestnut, the Virginia pine and a variety of oaks. At Old Coal Mines, the American Chestnut Tries for a Comeback 2022-09-16T04:00:00Z With both the American chestnut and the black-footed ferret, 21st-century conservation solutions began in the lab. To Restore Biodiversity, Embrace Biotech’s ‘Intended Consequences’ 2021-06-15T04:00:00Z American chestnuts were once the dominant tree species in the Eastern United States, until the chestnut blight of the early 1900s killed almost all of them. W.Va. man partakes in program to improve wildlife habitat 2020-10-17T04:00:00Z “You’ve got the American chestnut blight and the Dutch elm disease, but this seems extraordinarily rapid and severe.” Australian Plant Species Face 'Imminent Extinction' From Invasive Pathogen 2020-07-05T04:00:00Z "You've got the American chestnut blight and the Dutch elm disease, but this seems extraordinarily rapid and severe." Australian plant species face "imminent extinction" from invasive pathogen 2020-06-07T04:00:00Z “We end up with a chestnut that looks more like an American chestnut but retains some of the disease resistance from Chinese chestnuts,” said Jared Westbrook, director of science at the foundation. At Old Coal Mines, the American Chestnut Tries for a Comeback 2022-09-16T04:00:00Z The American chestnut is a critical proof of concept, and the black-footed ferret project is underway now, but we need these positive outcomes for all endangered species. To Restore Biodiversity, Embrace Biotech’s ‘Intended Consequences’ 2021-06-15T04:00:00Z Sometime in 1989, Herbert Darling got a call: A hunter told him he had come across a tall, straight American chestnut tree on Darling’s property in Western New York’s Zoar Valley. Can Genetic Engineering Bring Back the American Chestnut? 2020-04-30T04:00:00Z Department of Agriculture to assess an American chestnut tree with a gene from wheat that helps it tolerate cryphonectria parasitica, a fungus unwittingly imported to the United States over 100 years ago. High-tech chestnuts: US to consider genetically altered tree 2019-11-05T05:00:00Z Some see ash following the fate of the American chestnut, a once-prolific tree that was decimated by blight more than a century ago. Beetle scourge forces ash loggers to race against time 2019-02-26T05:00:00Z Some see ash following the fate of the American chestnut, a once-prolific tree that was decimated by blight more than a century ago. Beetle scourge forces ash loggers to race against time 2019-02-27T05:00:00Z The American chestnut, for example, will not survive without intervention. To Restore Biodiversity, Embrace Biotech’s ‘Intended Consequences’ 2021-06-15T04:00:00Z The nonwater weight of the American chestnut, like other trees, is roughly half carbon. Can Genetic Engineering Bring Back the American Chestnut? 2020-04-30T04:00:00Z Researchers plant blight-resistant American chestnut seedlings in a park in Oregon.Credit: Transgenic trees face rocky path from the farm to the forest 2019-01-07T05:00:00Z In upstate New York, a researcher is working toward restoring the American chestnut, which was decimated by blight in the late eighteen-hundreds. The Wooly Mammoth Lumbers Back into View 2018-12-27T05:00:00Z UT Chattanooga biology professor Hill Craddock called the planting historic, saying future American chestnut forests will descend from the plantings. Initiative aims to restore American chestnut trees 2018-12-13T05:00:00Z It is a 100 percent American chestnut that now produces an enzyme that degrades the blight’s toxin. To Restore Biodiversity, Embrace Biotech’s ‘Intended Consequences’ 2021-06-15T04:00:00Z After it became apparent that the American chestnut was doomed, the U.S. Can Genetic Engineering Bring Back the American Chestnut? 2020-04-30T04:00:00Z American chestnuts, towering 30 meters or more, once dominated forests throughout the Appalachian Mountains. To save iconic American chestnut, researchers plan introduction of genetically engineered tree into the wild 2018-08-29T04:00:00Z Spinner rooted for the fragrant silver lindens in Waterfront Park he helped plant in 1991, and for the grove of five surviving American chestnuts in Ethan Allen Park. Burlington’s tree whisperer retires 2017-08-21T04:00:00Z They hope to prevent devastation like that experienced by American chestnut trees in the early 1900s. Patapsco Valley is proving ground for Maryland’s effort to restore hemlock forests 2016-05-04T04:00:00Z By the nineteen-forties, some four billion American chestnut trees had been wiped out. A Radical Attempt to Save the Reefs and Forests 2016-04-18T04:00:00Z It seemed perfectly suited, Powell thought, for the American chestnut, which he calls “almost the perfect tree” — strong, tall, an abundant food source and needing only one, very specific correction: blight resistance. Can Genetic Engineering Bring Back the American Chestnut? 2020-04-30T04:00:00Z Pocket windows in the dining and living rooms, a five-foot pocket door with its original hardware and American chestnut trim are features not found in homes today. Want to live like a king or queen? Set your sights on this 1890 castle in Bethesda. 2016-03-04T05:00:00Z A century ago, the American chestnut made up about a quarter of the hardwood forests, particularly in the Appalachian region from Georgia to southern Canada. Researchers give 2nd chance to American chestnut 2016-02-01T05:00:00Z Such crossbreeding is time-consuming, however, and results in something less than a full American chestnut. Wheat Genes Could Bring Back Chestnut 2015-05-06T04:00:00Z American chestnuts can resprout from the root collar; today, pretty much the only examples that still exist in the woods are small, spindly trees that have sprung up in this way. A Radical Attempt to Save the Reefs and Forests 2016-04-18T04:00:00Z Department of Agriculture tried planting Chinese chestnut trees, a more blight-tolerant cousin, to see if the species could take the American chestnut’s place. Can Genetic Engineering Bring Back the American Chestnut? 2020-04-30T04:00:00Z The foundation is leading an effort to restore the American chestnut to the nation’s eastern forests. Montpelier to hold ceremonial planting of chestnut seedling 2015-04-20T04:00:00Z The center’s work includes research intended to improve, restore and reforest central hardwoods with trees such as red oak, walnut and the American chestnut. Purdue forestry farm to be named for Richard Lugar 2014-11-03T05:00:00Z But now the American chestnut is making a comeback in its former range—thanks to genetic modification. Wheat Genes Could Bring Back Chestnut 2015-05-06T04:00:00Z The first attempts involved hybridizing American chestnuts with other chestnut species. A Radical Attempt to Save the Reefs and Forests 2016-04-18T04:00:00Z In early October 2018, I accompanied Powell to a modest field station south of Syracuse where he hopes the future of the American chestnut species is growing. Can Genetic Engineering Bring Back the American Chestnut? 2020-04-30T04:00:00Z The passenger pigeon was about three times larger than a mourning dove and its diet consisted primarily of beechnuts, acorns and American chestnuts. Passenger pigeons died out 100 years ago 2014-09-02T04:00:00Z Most of the full-sized American chestnut trees died after the invasive blight from Asia swept the country around the turn of the 20th century. Vermont chestnut stand may hold key to restoration 2014-07-26T04:00:00Z Few people living today remember when the Northeast was covered in forests of American chestnut. Ash Forests After Emerald Ash Borers Destroy Them 2014-06-30T04:00:00Z These efforts produced thousands upon thousands of trees, all of which either succumbed to the blight or were so different from the American chestnut that they could hardly be said to be reviving it. A Radical Attempt to Save the Reefs and Forests 2016-04-18T04:00:00Z That’s when Darling showed up with some seeds and a challenge: Fix the American chestnut. Can Genetic Engineering Bring Back the American Chestnut? 2020-04-30T04:00:00Z The old species—the classic American chestnut—is nearly extinct. Dr. Franken-Tree, I Presume: Using Biotechnology to Battle Extinction 2014-06-18T04:00:00Z But to Leopold, a forest ecologist, the sapling is a rare and beautiful sight—a living descendant of the formerly mighty American chestnut. A New Generation of American Chestnut Trees May Redefine America's Forests 2014-03-01T13:30:00Z In my small corner of Maine, I’m bringing back the American chestnut. Favela Lodging 2013-12-21T21:44:27Z The original floors of the house are wide planks of American chestnut, now virtually extinct as a lumber tree. Manhattan Day Trip to the Nation’s Start 2013-12-12T22:40:07Z But a short drive north from the research farm, through gritty downtown Syracuse, is a reminder of how profoundly both the environment and society have transformed since the American chestnut disappeared. Can Genetic Engineering Bring Back the American Chestnut? 2020-04-30T04:00:00Z Where I work in the Appalachians today I am aware of the skeletal remains of American chestnut trees, victims of a past fungal epidemic that forever changed the ecology of this forest. What if there is no happy ending? Science communication as a path to change 2013-05-15T13:45:00.213Z Before the early 1900s one in every four hardwood trees in North America's eastern forests was an American chestnut. A New Generation of American Chestnut Trees May Redefine America's Forests 2014-03-01T13:30:00Z American chestnuts may, however, be about to rise again—thanks to genetic engineering. Genetically modified trees: Into the wildwood 2013-05-02T15:05:57Z The newly extant hybrid species will need to be further genetically armored against the causes of their extinction, such as American chestnuts or resurrected gastric brooding frogs tweaked to resist fungal threats. Efforts to Resuscitate Extinct Species May Spawn a New Era of the Hybrid 2013-03-26T16:45:00.393Z Herb Darling met the American chestnut in his woods. Can Genetic Engineering Bring Back the American Chestnut? 2020-04-30T04:00:00Z The American chestnut, once the most abundant tree in eastern North America, succumbed to a fungal blight imported from Asia by humans. Will We Kill Off Today's Animals If We Revive Extinct Ones? 2013-03-19T15:45:04.213Z The American chestnut once provided copious food and shelter for animals and people alike. A New Generation of American Chestnut Trees May Redefine America's Forests 2014-03-01T13:30:00Z “We're starting to pull the American chestnut back from the brink of extinction.” Plant science: The chestnut resurrection 2012-10-03T18:21:28.137Z Old swaths of Appalachian forest land left barren by decades of coal mining may find their past is their future, if efforts to restore the American chestnut tree in reclaimed coal fields are successful. Green Blog: Coaxing American Chestnuts Back to Appalachia 2012-04-10T14:52:15Z The American chestnut wasn’t on Powell’s mind when he arrived for graduate school at Utah State University in 1983. Can Genetic Engineering Bring Back the American Chestnut? 2020-04-30T04:00:00Z The growth is slender in comparison with the European or American chestnut, and the habit is decidedly bushy, the new growth of the season usually producing a number of lateral twigs late in summer. The Nut Culturist A Treatise on Propogation, Planting, and Cultivation of Nut Bearing Trees and Shrubs Adapted to the Climate of the United States 2011-11-12T03:00:31.793Z Reaching heights of 40 meters and growing two meters around the middle, American chestnuts were home to squirrels, chipmunks, blue jays and scores of benign burrowing insects. A New Generation of American Chestnut Trees May Redefine America's Forests 2014-03-01T13:30:00Z Most researchers agree that restoring the American chestnut will require a combination of fungal viruses and resistant trees, whether hybrid, GM or a mixture of both. Plant science: The chestnut resurrection 2012-10-03T18:21:28.137Z Whenever we backcrossed to the American chestnut, the trees inherited genes for susceptibility to the blight from the American parent. Green Blog: Coaxing American Chestnuts Back to Appalachia 2012-04-10T14:52:15Z The American chestnut, Castanea dentata Borkh., extends its range from Maine to Michigan, and southward to Delaware and Tennessee. Forest Trees of Illinois How to Know Them 2011-10-08T02:00:23.997Z It is true that nearly all dealers in trees offer seedling American chestnuts, which may mean good, bad or indifferent varieties when the trees come into bearing. The Nut Culturist A Treatise on Propogation, Planting, and Cultivation of Nut Bearing Trees and Shrubs Adapted to the Climate of the United States 2011-11-12T03:00:31.793Z Between 1,500 and 2,000 years ago American chestnut followed this pattern, spreading across Connecticut and Massachusetts. A New Generation of American Chestnut Trees May Redefine America's Forests 2014-03-01T13:30:00Z Anticipating a “buy American” dictum, I said we would settle for 10,000 American chestnut trees. The Doctor?s World: Small Fixes: How a Failure With Measles Helped to Eradicate Smallpox 2011-09-26T22:14:52Z A very nice addition to force meat is chestnuts, either our ordinary American chestnut, or French or Italian chestnuts. A Course of Lectures on the Principles of Domestic Economy and Cookery 2011-03-15T02:00:12.260Z It is now more than a century since the American chestnut tree - once 4 billion strong and an icon of East Coast forests - fell victim to a foreign blight. The mighty American chestnut tree, poised for a comeback 2010-10-18T00:35:00Z There is a variety of the Japan chestnut recently much lauded under the name of Mammoth or Burbank, which is said to be of immense size, and as sweet as the common American chestnut. The Nut Culturist A Treatise on Propogation, Planting, and Cultivation of Nut Bearing Trees and Shrubs Adapted to the Climate of the United States 2011-11-12T03:00:31.793Z The largest remaining stand of mature American chestnut trees grows in West Salem, Wisconsin. A New Generation of American Chestnut Trees May Redefine America's Forests 2014-03-01T13:30:00Z Like the cocoanut or our American chestnut, the fruit grows inside of a husk, russet colored, and fibrous in its nature. The Pearl of India Ours are far superior, and many who remember the American chestnut, will, I believe pay a luxury price for good quality chestnuts. Northern Nut Growers Association Report of the Proceedings at the 41st Annual Meeting Pleasant Valley, New York, August 28, 29 and 30, 1950 But he said he's "very optimistic" about the American chestnut's future. The mighty American chestnut tree, poised for a comeback 2010-10-18T00:35:00Z There is reason to believe that oak wilt can be checked before it reaches devastating proportions comparable to chestnut blight which wiped out our American chestnuts. Northern Nut Growers Association Report of the Proceedings at the 43rd Annual Meeting Rockport, Indiana, August 25, 26 and 27, 1952 To predict how a new generation of American chestnut trees will modify the forest in the coming decades we need to examine how this one species defined the forest in the past. A New Generation of American Chestnut Trees May Redefine America's Forests 2014-03-01T13:30:00Z Its nuts are the only nuts within my knowledge, not even excepting our lost American chestnuts, that retain their full distinctive flavor through cooking. Northern Nut Growers Association Report of the Proceedings at the Thirty-Seventh Annual Report Wooster, Ohio, September 3, 4, 5, 1946 This interests us appreciably, as when the old American chestnuts were common on our farm it would seem as if hardly a chestnut escaped a worm hole if you kept them long enough. Northern Nut Growers Association Report of the Proceedings at the 41st Annual Meeting Pleasant Valley, New York, August 28, 29 and 30, 1950 And for those on the front lines of the American chestnut crusade, the commitment has become something of an obsession. The mighty American chestnut tree, poised for a comeback 2010-10-18T00:35:00Z Triploid Hybrid In 1934 we produced a cross of Chinese and American chestnut which proved to be unusual in several respects. Northern Nut Growers Association Report of the Proceedings at the 43rd Annual Meeting Rockport, Indiana, August 25, 26 and 27, 1952 A 1985 study found that crane fly larvae, for instance, prefer dining on American chestnut and maple leaves to eating oak leaves. A New Generation of American Chestnut Trees May Redefine America's Forests 2014-03-01T13:30:00Z On it today there is an American chestnut tree 4 feet in diameter with a limb-spread of 50 feet. Northern Nut Growers Association Report of the Proceedings at the Thirty-Seventh Annual Report Wooster, Ohio, September 3, 4, 5, 1946 What about those nuts, because, you see, the blight killed all his Paragon chestnuts—you know, the cross between the European and the American chestnuts—killed them all off completely, as it did with me. Northern Nut Growers Association Report of the Proceedings at the 41st Annual Meeting Pleasant Valley, New York, August 28, 29 and 30, 1950 A fast-growing, hardy tree that thrives on rocky and acidic soil, the American chestnut served as an economic engine for Appalachia. The mighty American chestnut tree, poised for a comeback 2010-10-18T00:35:00Z Is there any hybrid which can be introduced into this country which will take the place of the American chestnut? Northern Nut Growers Association Report of the Proceedings at the 13th Annual Meeting Rochester, N.Y. September, 7, 8 and 9, 1922 This past September, a day before taking a walk through the woods with Leopold in search of wild American chestnut, Powell gave me a tour of his laboratories. A New Generation of American Chestnut Trees May Redefine America's Forests 2014-03-01T13:30:00Z All Asiatic chestnut species that have been tested have failed at Orange, Massachusetts, where the American chestnut grew in abundance. Northern Nut Growers Association Report of the Proceedings at the Thirty-Seventh Annual Report Wooster, Ohio, September 3, 4, 5, 1946 The blight disease has almost wiped out the great American chestnut forests of the East. Northern Nut Growers Association Report of the Proceedings at the 41st Annual Meeting Pleasant Valley, New York, August 28, 29 and 30, 1950 After an initial cross with Chinese chestnuts to obtain genetic resistance to blight, volunteers have repeatedly bred the offspring with other American chestnuts to produce a tree that is nearly 94 percent American chestnut. The mighty American chestnut tree, poised for a comeback 2010-10-18T00:35:00Z There is this however: what can foresters, horticulturists and nut enthusiasts do to supply the place of the American chestnut? Northern Nut Growers Association Report of the Proceedings at the 13th Annual Meeting Rochester, N.Y. September, 7, 8 and 9, 1922 In its prime the American chestnut determined the physical structure and microclimate of the forest, creating specific and stable environmental conditions on which many other creatures depended. A New Generation of American Chestnut Trees May Redefine America's Forests 2014-03-01T13:30:00Z Again it was noted that the American chestnut, followed by American chestnut hybrids, sustained none to little damage. Northern Nut Growers Association Report of the Proceedings at the Thirty-Seventh Annual Report Wooster, Ohio, September 3, 4, 5, 1946 This year also, as in the past, our CJA's were crossed with American chestnut. Northern Nut Growers Association Report of the Proceedings at the 41st Annual Meeting Pleasant Valley, New York, August 28, 29 and 30, 1950 "Surface mines may make the best springboard for the American chestnut back into the Eastern forest," said Patrick Angel, a senior forester at the Office of Surface Mining who is helping to oversee the effort. The mighty American chestnut tree, poised for a comeback 2010-10-18T00:35:00Z I have not found it to work well on the American chestnut. Northern Nut Growers Association Report of the Proceedings at the 44th Annual Meeting Rochester, N.Y. August 31 and September 1, 1953 When the American chestnut fell, the whole forest shuddered. A New Generation of American Chestnut Trees May Redefine America's Forests 2014-03-01T13:30:00Z On the other hand in northern Indiana and southeastern Iowa, entirely outside the botanical range of the American chestnut, a few Chinese strains have done remarkably well. Northern Nut Growers Association Report of the Proceedings at the Thirty-Seventh Annual Report Wooster, Ohio, September 3, 4, 5, 1946 However, with the American chestnut, because the fungus advances rapidly in this species, the girdling is often completed before the scions can take hold. Northern Nut Growers Association Report of the Proceedings at the 41st Annual Meeting Pleasant Valley, New York, August 28, 29 and 30, 1950 "The natural range of the American chestnut and the Appalachian coal fields overlap perfectly." The mighty American chestnut tree, poised for a comeback 2010-10-18T00:35:00Z Cuttings from juvenile American chestnut seedling trees, juvenile Chinese trees, and mature Chinese trees were used. Northern Nut Growers Association Report of the Proceedings at the 44th Annual Meeting Rochester, N.Y. August 31 and September 1, 1953 The story of how the American chestnut once defined North America’s eastern forests—and how it might once again—begins in the last ice age. A New Generation of American Chestnut Trees May Redefine America's Forests 2014-03-01T13:30:00Z They represented Chinese, Japanese, hybrids, and also a limited quantity of American chestnut seed. Northern Nut Growers Association Report of the Proceedings at the Thirty-Seventh Annual Report Wooster, Ohio, September 3, 4, 5, 1946 Here the American chestnut is native formerly growing in great abundance until stricken a mortal blow by the invincible chestnut blight. Northern Nut Growers Association Report of the Proceedings at the 41st Annual Meeting Pleasant Valley, New York, August 28, 29 and 30, 1950 Three dozen research scientists at 12 institutions are working on how to reestablish American chestnuts and other native hardwoods under the auspices of the Appalachian Regional Reforestation Initiative. The mighty American chestnut tree, poised for a comeback 2010-10-18T00:35:00Z He had three bushels last fall and they looked identically like the American chestnut. Northern Nut Growers Association Report of the Proceedings at the 44th Annual Meeting Rochester, N.Y. August 31 and September 1, 1953 The American chestnut would surely have prospered as part of this renewal if only humans had not inadvertently infected the forests with a deadly fungus. A New Generation of American Chestnut Trees May Redefine America's Forests 2014-03-01T13:30:00Z Because the American chestnut often occurs on dry ridges and upper slopes, especially where soil is thin and rock outcrops are frequent, the cooperators proceeded to plant the Asiatic chestnuts on similar "tough" sites. Northern Nut Growers Association Report of the Proceedings at the Thirty-Seventh Annual Report Wooster, Ohio, September 3, 4, 5, 1946 Curiously enough, the common chestnut weevil, that had become very abundant, has disappeared locally with the disappearance of our American chestnut, and has not attacked our chinquapins. Northern Nut Growers Association, Report of the Proceedings at the Seventh Annual Meeting Washington, D. C. September 8 and 9, 1916. It would be called the Walker American chestnut. The mighty American chestnut tree, poised for a comeback 2010-10-18T00:35:00Z That might be true, but I tested a lot of these chestnuts from Sterling Smith, and compared them with American chestnuts. Northern Nut Growers Association Report of the Proceedings at the 44th Annual Meeting Rochester, N.Y. August 31 and September 1, 1953 The next day, after hiking for an hour and finding three American chestnut saplings total, Leopold and I have looped back to the beginning of the trail. A New Generation of American Chestnut Trees May Redefine America's Forests 2014-03-01T13:30:00Z In the lower part of the plot there were several 3-year-old American chestnut seedlings that were not damaged. Northern Nut Growers Association Report of the Proceedings at the Thirty-Seventh Annual Report Wooster, Ohio, September 3, 4, 5, 1946 Dr. Smith asks if the use of the tree chinquapin as a stock for the American chestnut would give good-sized trees. Northern Nut Growers Association, Report of the Proceedings at the Seventh Annual Meeting Washington, D. C. September 8 and 9, 1916. I estimate that I have some 3,000 to 4,000 American chestnut sprouts that range anything from 1 to 18 feet in height. Northern Nut Growers Association Incorporated 39th Annual Report at Norris, Tenn. September 13-15 1948 We can grow American chestnuts, but we can't grow the Chinese. Northern Nut Growers Association Report of the Proceedings at the 44th Annual Meeting Rochester, N.Y. August 31 and September 1, 1953 Before we leave, he decides to collect a few leafy American chestnut branches. A New Generation of American Chestnut Trees May Redefine America's Forests 2014-03-01T13:30:00Z The American chestnut, besides its inherent resistance to freezing, leafs late in the spring. Northern Nut Growers Association Report of the Proceedings at the Thirty-Seventh Annual Report Wooster, Ohio, September 3, 4, 5, 1946 Another question, the last one—will the effect of using a bush chinquapin stock for the American chestnut be like that of growing sour cherries upon stocks which do not carry them well? Northern Nut Growers Association, Report of the Proceedings at the Seventh Annual Meeting Washington, D. C. September 8 and 9, 1916. I have some information on American chestnut sprouts that may be of interest to the membership. Northern Nut Growers Association Incorporated 39th Annual Report at Norris, Tenn. September 13-15 1948 There are three trees in a close group which are strains of the European chestnut combined with American chestnut. Northern Nut Growers Association Report of the Proceedings at the 44th Annual Meeting Rochester, N.Y. August 31 and September 1, 1953 Among them there was one sweet American chestnut superior to the others. Northern Nut Growers Association Report of the Proceedings at the Fifteenth Annual Meeting New York City, September 3, 4 and 5, 1924 Most of the crop of nuts obtained in 1945 was produced by the American chestnut hybrids. Northern Nut Growers Association Report of the Proceedings at the Thirty-Seventh Annual Report Wooster, Ohio, September 3, 4, 5, 1946 It will not lessen the vulnerability of the American chestnut, but dwarf trees will be within reach of the horticulturist's pruning knife and spray outfit. Northern Nut Growers Association, Report of the Proceedings at the Seventh Annual Meeting Washington, D. C. September 8 and 9, 1916. Mr. Gravatt suggested the use of "Ammate" as an experiment to poison trees that interfere with any American chestnut growth I wish to save. Northern Nut Growers Association Incorporated 39th Annual Report at Norris, Tenn. September 13-15 1948 The American chestnut is not as sweet as Chinese chestnut but is much finer in texture and richer in subtle pleasing flavor. Northern Nut Growers Association Report of the Proceedings at the 44th Annual Meeting Rochester, N.Y. August 31 and September 1, 1953 Some years ago the late Dr. Van Fleet made numerous crosses between the Japanese and the American chestnuts, the Chinquapin, and other species and varieties. Northern Nut Growers Association Report of the Proceedings at the Fifteenth Annual Meeting New York City, September 3, 4 and 5, 1924 Sixteen per cent of first generation hybrids of Chinese and American chestnut were killed. Northern Nut Growers Association Report of the Proceedings at the Thirty-Seventh Annual Report Wooster, Ohio, September 3, 4, 5, 1946 This chinquapin wood is somewhat coarse grained, but, for comparison with the American chestnut, I don't know. Northern Nut Growers Association, Report of the Proceedings at the Seventh Annual Meeting Washington, D. C. September 8 and 9, 1916. But what of the grandparents, the many ancestors of the American chestnut sprout that have not even the slight resistance of the sprout? Northern Nut Growers Association Incorporated 39th Annual Report at Norris, Tenn. September 13-15 1948 It was known that few, if any, of the chestnut, or related species, possess the timber-type characteristics of our American chestnut. Northern Nut Growers Association Report of the Proceedings at the 44th Annual Meeting Rochester, N.Y. August 31 and September 1, 1953 Even when full sized they do not compare with our American chestnut but are old enough to show you that they have not been killed by this bark disease. Northern Nut Growers Association Report of the Proceedings at the Eleventh Annual Meeting Washington, D. C. October 7 and 8, 1920 The American chestnut is subject to it in its most virulent form. Northern Nut Growers Association, Report of the Proceedings at the Fourth Annual Meeting Washington D.C. November 18 and 19, 1913 The tree chinquapins blossom a little later, but the alder-leaved chestnut may not blossom until July, later than the common American chestnut. Northern Nut Growers Association, Report of the Proceedings at the Seventh Annual Meeting Washington, D. C. September 8 and 9, 1916. The U. S. Department of Agriculture began making introductions of two species of chestnut from the Orient in 1906, both of which were resistant to the blight which was then destroying the native American chestnut. Northern Nut Growers Association Incorporated 39th Annual Report at Norris, Tenn. September 13-15 1948 Division of Forest Pathology, Beltsville, Md., we prepare semi-annual reports for Dr. Frederick H. Berry and also send a portion of our American chestnut seed to him. Northern Nut Growers Association Report of the Proceedings at the 44th Annual Meeting Rochester, N.Y. August 31 and September 1, 1953 He is outside the native chestnut belt and many years ago he planted some native American chestnuts. Northern Nut Growers Association Report of the Proceedings at the Eleventh Annual Meeting Washington, D. C. October 7 and 8, 1920 There are of course a number of varieties of the American chestnut which have been cultivated. Northern Nut Growers Association, Report of the Proceedings at the Fourth Annual Meeting Washington D.C. November 18 and 19, 1913 May we graft the common American chestnut upon bush chinquapin stocks and secure precocious bearing? Northern Nut Growers Association, Report of the Proceedings at the Seventh Annual Meeting Washington, D. C. September 8 and 9, 1916. Mr. Gravatt: I would like to say we have done quite a lot of work in breeding chestnuts and also work with forest types, crossing American chestnuts and Chinese. Northern Nut Growers Association Incorporated 39th Annual Report at Norris, Tenn. September 13-15 1948 Our American chestnuts hybrids, especially those with C. Sequinii, are very interesting. Northern Nut Growers Association Report of the Proceedings at the 44th Annual Meeting Rochester, N.Y. August 31 and September 1, 1953 In the spring of 1895 Mr. Endicott fertilized blossoms of Parry's Japan Giant chestnut with pollen of a native American chestnut and planted the nuts. Northern Nut Growers Association Report of the Proceedings at the Eleventh Annual Meeting Washington, D. C. October 7 and 8, 1920 The principal reasons for the latter view are that it spreads in this country on the American chestnut in much the same manner that other imported diseases have spread on other plants. Northern Nut Growers Association, Report of the Proceedings at the Fourth Annual Meeting Washington D.C. November 18 and 19, 1913 Easily blighting varieties of choice American chestnuts may be grafted upon these blight resistant stocks in orchard form if my experiment proves to be a success. Northern Nut Growers Association, Report of the Proceedings at the Seventh Annual Meeting Washington, D. C. September 8 and 9, 1916. We have one cross between a none-too-promising Chinese chestnut and an American chestnut, with a good bunch of hybrids and they are different from other hybrids. Northern Nut Growers Association Incorporated 39th Annual Report at Norris, Tenn. September 13-15 1948 This year I set out about 20 American chestnuts from Minnesota grown seed and I hope that we are far enough from other trees of this variety to escape the blight. Northern Nut Growers Association Report of the Proceedings at the 44th Annual Meeting Rochester, N.Y. August 31 and September 1, 1953 Curiously enough when grafted upon some of the American chestnuts they then become vulnerable. Northern Nut Growers Association, Report of the Proceedings at the Third Annual Meeting Lancaster, Pennsylvania, December 18 and 19, 1912 The nut of that tree is of very high quality and good size, and, so far as I can tell, quite as sweet as the American chestnut. Northern Nut Growers Association, Report of the Proceedings at the Fourth Annual Meeting Washington D.C. November 18 and 19, 1913 We have, of course, from the beginning, hunted, and hunted hard, to find individual chestnut trees that might be immune to the disease—native American chestnuts. Northern Nut Growers Association, Report of the Proceedings at the Seventh Annual Meeting Washington, D. C. September 8 and 9, 1916. It is too early to evaluate the hybrids, but they do have the upright form and rapid growth of the American chestnut. Northern Nut Growers Association Incorporated 39th Annual Report at Norris, Tenn. September 13-15 1948 Practically all trees of our valuable American chestnut of any appreciable size have now been killed to the ground by the blight fungus, Endothia parasitica. Northern Nut Growers Association Report of the Proceedings at the 44th Annual Meeting Rochester, N.Y. August 31 and September 1, 1953 The American chestnut was quite plentiful in different sections of the southern hardwood belt. Northern Nut Growers Association Report of the Proceedings at the Thirty-Eighth Annual Meeting Guelph, Ontario, September 3, 4, 5, 1947 Exp't Station are cooperating, about 1000 hybrids, a large number of combinations of Chinese, Japanese and American chestnuts, many of them now in the third generation from the beginning of the breeding period in 1930. Northern Nut Growers Association Thirty-Fourth Annual Report 1943 Those four chestnuts are practically immune, and on my property American chestnuts dying all around them. Northern Nut Growers Association, Report of the Proceedings at the Seventh Annual Meeting Washington, D. C. September 8 and 9, 1916. Failure of the American chestnut to resist the chestnut blight has resulted in the planting of a few blight-resistant species obtained from foreign lands. Northern Nut Growers Association Incorporated 39th Annual Report at Norris, Tenn. September 13-15 1948 I cut out last year 5000 old American chestnut trees on my property. Northern Nut Growers Association Report of the Proceedings at the Second Annual Meeting Ithaca, New York, December 14 and 15, 1911 Thus the possibility is being explored of the existence of blight resistant strains of the American chestnut. Northern Nut Growers Association Report of the Proceedings at the Thirty-Eighth Annual Meeting Guelph, Ontario, September 3, 4, 5, 1947 Our ultimate aim, of course, is to establish a race of chestnut trees which shall replace our now practically extinct American chestnut. Northern Nut Growers Association Thirty-Fourth Annual Report 1943 I have one particular variety of American chestnut that I think a great deal of. Northern Nut Growers Association, Report of the Proceedings at the Seventh Annual Meeting Washington, D. C. September 8 and 9, 1916. The European and American chestnuts and their hybrids growing in the western States are in danger from this fungus as it has now been reported in the West. Northern Nut Growers Association Incorporated 39th Annual Report at Norris, Tenn. September 13-15 1948 I had some chestnuts from North Japan that resisted the blight, and yet these grafted on the sprouts from American chestnuts blighted. Northern Nut Growers Association Report of the Proceedings at the Second Annual Meeting Ithaca, New York, December 14 and 15, 1911 It also happens to be the northern fringe of the American chestnut, in favored location. Northern Nut Growers Association Report of the Proceedings at the Thirty-Eighth Annual Meeting Guelph, Ontario, September 3, 4, 5, 1947 Perhaps the old American chestnut was that way. Northern Nut Growers Association Report of the Proceedings at the Forty-Second Annual Meeting Urbana, Illinois, August 28, 29 and 30, 1951 As it happened all entered were of Japanese or Chinese species, which was somewhat of a disappointment to those who hope that a blight resistant American chestnut will yet be found. Northern Nut Growers Report of the Proceedings at the Twenty-First Annual Meeting Cedar Rapids, Iowa, September 17, 18, and 19, 1930 Many Japanese and Korean chestnuts were blossoming in the vicinity and this may be an accidental pollination from them instead of from pollen of the American chestnut. Northern Nut Growers Association Report of the Proceedings at the Twelfth Annual Meeting Lancaster, Pennsylvania, October 6 and 7, 1921 No. 2 which I have given Mr. Jones, is very much like the American chestnut. Northern Nut Growers Association, Report Of The Proceedings At The Tenth Annual Meeting. Battle Creek, Michigan, December 9 and 10, 1919 Last fall, September 1946, in an article in the Yankee Magazine, I asked for nuts and pollen of the American chestnut. Northern Nut Growers Association Report of the Proceedings at the Thirty-Eighth Annual Meeting Guelph, Ontario, September 3, 4, 5, 1947 In this case the American chestnut happens to be doing very well. Northern Nut Growers Association, report of the proceedings at the eighth annual meeting Stamford, Connecticut, September 5 and 6, 1917 The Chinese and Japanese chestnut in my hands has made a very poor root stock for the American chestnut or its hybrids. Northern Nut Growers Report of the Proceedings at the Twenty-First Annual Meeting Cedar Rapids, Iowa, September 17, 18, and 19, 1930 Dr. Zimmerman would call them small because his standards for the American chestnut are larger than my New England ideas. Northern Nut Growers Report of the Proceedings at the Twenty-First Annual Meeting Cedar Rapids, Iowa, September 17, 18, and 19, 1930 The cross between the American chestnut and the Japanese, or between the common American chestnut and the chinquapins showed the resistance very largely of the resistant parent. Northern Nut Growers Association, Report Of The Proceedings At The Tenth Annual Meeting. Battle Creek, Michigan, December 9 and 10, 1919 The nut is pretty good, but coarser than that of the American chestnut. Northern Nut Growers Association, report of the proceedings at the eighth annual meeting Stamford, Connecticut, September 5 and 6, 1917 The leaves and general appearance are very closely like the common American chestnut. Northern Nut Growers Association, report of the proceedings at the eighth annual meeting Stamford, Connecticut, September 5 and 6, 1917 The American chestnut, or its American hybrids, is by far the best, providing we can get one with immunity. Northern Nut Growers Report of the Proceedings at the Twenty-First Annual Meeting Cedar Rapids, Iowa, September 17, 18, and 19, 1930 One of the most beautiful of the American chestnuts, with more or less of the trailing habit, running over the ground like the juniper, and apparently not subject to blight. Northern Nut Growers Association, report of the proceedings at the eighth annual meeting Stamford, Connecticut, September 5 and 6, 1917 Ordinarily Asiatic and American chestnuts do not make very satisfactory exchange stocks. Northern Nut Growers Association, report of the proceedings at the eighth annual meeting Stamford, Connecticut, September 5 and 6, 1917 The tree does not grow to be quite so large as our chestnut, but I am making hybrids between this species and three species of American chestnuts, and may find some remarkable ones eventually. Northern Nut Growers Association, report of the proceedings at the eighth annual meeting Stamford, Connecticut, September 5 and 6, 1917 A year or so later still the tree made another change, and it now bears two or three nuts to the bur like the American chestnut, the nuts retain their light color and peculiar corrugation. Northern Nut Growers Association, report of the proceedings at the eighth annual meeting Stamford, Connecticut, September 5 and 6, 1917 There were a few American chestnuts, some very good ones, from sections where the blight had not destroyed the native chestnut but these were not entered. Northern Nut Growers Report of the Proceedings at the Twenty-First Annual Meeting Cedar Rapids, Iowa, September 17, 18, and 19, 1930 The Korean chestnut does not blight quite so readily as the American chestnut, and certain individuals are fairly blight resistant. Northern Nut Growers Association, report of the proceedings at the eighth annual meeting Stamford, Connecticut, September 5 and 6, 1917 |
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