| 单词 | epithelial |
| 例句 | There were fertile red meadows of epithelial tissue to catch and coddle a cancer cell. Catch-22 1961-11-10T00:00:00Z Most cervical cancers are carcinomas, which grow from the epithelial cells that cover the cervix and protect its surface. The Immortal Life of Henrietta Lacks 2010-02-02T00:00:00Z Rather, the article said, it was “a very aggressive adenocarcinoma of the cervix,” meaning it originated from glandular tissue in her cervix instead of epithelial tissue. The Immortal Life of Henrietta Lacks 2010-02-02T00:00:00Z Importantly, this trend was much stronger pronounced in vascular endothelial cells than lung epithelial cells. Human Lung Chip leveraged to faithfully model radiation-induced lung injury 2023-10-17T04:00:00Z First, the researchers found that these placozoan cells differentiate from a population of progenitor epithelial cells via developmental signals that resemble neurogenesis, the process by which new neurons are formed, in cnidaria and bilateria. Tiny sea creatures reveal the ancient origins of neurons 2023-09-19T04:00:00Z The nasal cavity is lined with epithelial tissue, containing blood vessels, which help warm the air; and secrete mucous, which further filters the air. Fundamentals of Biology 2015-01-01T00:00:00Z For example, the tight junctions of the epithelial cells lining the urinary bladder prevent urine from leaking into the extracellular space. Concepts of Biology 2013-04-25T00:00:00Z For example, human mammary epithelial cells – the cells lining the milk ducts in the breast – migrate toward areas of increasing stiffness when placed on a surface with a stiffness gradient. How cancer cells move and metastasize is influenced by the fluids surrounding them 2023-01-10T05:00:00Z To more systematically understand the cellular changes triggered by radiation in the Lung Chip, and identify potential drug targets, the researchers analyzed the complete gene expression programs of epithelial and endothelial cells over time. Human Lung Chip leveraged to faithfully model radiation-induced lung injury 2023-10-17T04:00:00Z These beads create healthy environments for growing human epithelial cells, which cover all internal and external surfaces of your body. There's a new STI going around that no one is talking about 2023-01-09T05:00:00Z Table 1 summarizes the different types of epithelial tissues. Fundamentals of Biology 2015-01-01T00:00:00Z This epithelial- lined cavity is a space, usually filled with fluid, which lies between the digestive system and the body wall. Concepts of Biology 2013-04-25T00:00:00Z Like normal airways, the organoids her team makes from bronchial epithelial cells mount immune responses, including secreting interferons. Competition between respiratory viruses may hold off a ‘tripledemic’ this winter 2022-11-17T05:00:00Z For example, epithelial cells protect the surface of the body and cover the organs and body cavities within. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z Animals typically have several types of tissues, like epithelial, nervous, muscle, and connective tissues. Miller & Levine Biology 2018-01-01T00:00:00Z Two oval goblet cells are interspersed among the columnar epithelial cells. Fundamentals of Biology 2015-01-01T00:00:00Z The smaller molecules are absorbed into the blood stream through the epithelial cells lining the walls of the small intestine. Concepts of Biology 2013-04-25T00:00:00Z These GI hormones are secreted by specialized epithelial cells, called endocrinocytes, located in the mucosal epithelium of the stomach and small intestine. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z Arsenic poisoning affects the oxidative phosphorylation pathway, leading to decreased transport of Na+ ions outside the epithelial cells. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z Lambda interferons are type 3 interferons, which have receptors mainly on epithelial surfaces, such as those lining the respiratory tract. Interferon therapy shows striking results against COVID-19 2022-05-05T04:00:00Z Columnar epithelial cells are taller than they are wide: they resemble a stack of columns in an epithelial layer, and are most commonly found in a single-layer arrangement. Fundamentals of Biology 2015-01-01T00:00:00Z The epithelial cells of these structures absorb nutrients from the digested food and release them to the bloodstream on the other side. Concepts of Biology 2013-04-25T00:00:00Z This cluster of cuboidal epithelial cells monitors the fluid composition of fluid flowing through the DCT. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z Arsenic poisoning disrupts the binding sites for Cl− ions, leading to decreased transport of Cl− ions outside the epithelial cells. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z In cell cultures of lung epithelial cells, Binder tested whether the larger numbers of MDA5s, as observed in children, might preserve the interferon reaction. Unraveling the Mystery of Why Children Are Better Protected from COVID Than Adults 2021-08-26T04:00:00Z The nuclei of columnar epithelial cells in the digestive tract appear to be lined up at the base of the cells, as illustrated in Figure 3. Fundamentals of Biology 2015-01-01T00:00:00Z Tight junctions are typically found in the epithelial tissue that lines internal organs and cavities, and composes most of the skin. Concepts of Biology 2013-04-25T00:00:00Z One type of adult stem cell is the epithelial stem cell, which gives rise to the keratinocytes in the multiple layers of epithelial cells in the epidermis of skin. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z The tissues of multicellular, complex animals are four primary types: epithelial, connective, muscle, and nervous. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z The organoids are about 2 millimeters in diameter and include the main types of cells typically present in this stage of development: cardiomyocytes, epithelial cells, fibroblasts, and epicardium. Lab-grown minihearts beat like the real thing 2021-05-20T04:00:00Z Oval goblet cells are interspersed among the columnar epithelial cells. Fundamentals of Biology 2015-01-01T00:00:00Z Most members of the animal kingdom have differentiated tissues of four main classes—nervous, muscular, connective, and epithelial—that are specialized to perform different functions. Concepts of Biology 2013-04-25T00:00:00Z The epithelial cells exhibit polarity with differences in structure and function between the exposed or apical facing surface of the cell and the basal surface close to the underlying body structures. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z Epithelia composed of a single layer of cells is called simple epithelia; epithelial tissue composed of multiple layers is called stratified epithelia. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z That sort of damage—such as what SARS-CoV-2 causes in the epithelial cells of the human airway—is partly how a virus becomes a pathogen. How viruses shape our world 2021-01-14T05:00:00Z Simple cuboidal epithelial cells are involved in the filtering of blood in the kidney. Fundamentals of Biology 2015-01-01T00:00:00Z There are four main types of animal tissues: nervous, muscle, connective, and epithelial. Concepts of Biology 2013-04-25T00:00:00Z When two adjacent epithelial cells form a tight junction, there is no extracellular space between them and the movement of substances through the extracellular space between the cells is blocked. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z Figure 24.9 Simple columnar epithelial cells absorb material from the digestive tract. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z Ingbar said T3 reduces inflammation and coaxes epithelial cells in the lungs to absorb fluids — which is vital for patients with ARDS. Experimental hormone therapy may speed recovery for COVID patients 2020-11-03T05:00:00Z Airborne molecules go into solution on moist epithelial surface of nasal passage. Fundamentals of Biology 2015-01-01T00:00:00Z The skin’s outer region, called the epidermis, is made of layers of epithelial cells. How cancer invasion takes shape 2020-09-01T04:00:00Z These junctions influence the shape and folding of the epithelial tissue. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z Columnar epithelial cells lining the respiratory tract appear to be stratified. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z They worked first with cell lines, then with epithelial cells taken from people with various cystic-fibrosis-causing mutations. Research round-up: Cystic fibrosis 2020-07-28T04:00:00Z Cleaning of the ear canal occurs as a result of the “conveyor belt” process of epithelial migration, aided by jaw movement. Fundamentals of Biology 2015-01-01T00:00:00Z In particular, epithelial cells apply actin- and myosin-based contraction to engage in a tug-of-war against the underlying basement membrane. How cancer invasion takes shape 2020-09-01T04:00:00Z Figure 4.6 Cells of Epithelial Tissue Simple epithelial tissue is organized as a single layer of cells and stratified epithelial tissue is formed by several layers of cells. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z As active transport of nutrients and gas is easier across a single layer of flat epithelial cells than cuboidal cells. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z “The greatest challenge is to deliver a vector to as many of the epithelial cells lining the airways as possible,” says geneticist Chris Boyd at the University of Edinburgh in the UK. Gene therapy could offer an inclusive cure for cystic fibrosis 2020-07-28T04:00:00Z Figure 1b illustrates squamous epithelial cells arranged in stratified layers, where protection is needed on the body from outside abrasion and damage. Fundamentals of Biology 2015-01-01T00:00:00Z Depending on the mechanical properties of the surrounding structures and the amount of force generated by the epithelial cells, this results in either passive buckling or active folding of the epithelial tissue6. How cancer invasion takes shape 2020-09-01T04:00:00Z Both simple and pseudostratified columnar epithelia are heterogeneous epithelia because they include additional types of cells interspersed among the epithelial cells. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z Columnar epithelial cells release mucus for lubrication as well as antimicrobial agents in the digestive tract. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z They found that gene-expression changes were more evident in fibroblasts and endothelial cells than in epithelial cells. An antiviral response beyond immune cells 2020-06-30T04:00:00Z Simple columnar epithelial cells line the tissue of the lung. Fundamentals of Biology 2015-01-01T00:00:00Z For example, in tubes formed of epithelial cells in the pancreas, tissue curvature is the key determinant that influences whether cancer grows inwards or outwards from such tubes7. How cancer invasion takes shape 2020-09-01T04:00:00Z Cilia are found on many cells of the body, including the epithelial cells that line the airways of the respiratory system. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z Columnar epithelial cells help in the propulsion of food by peristalsis in the digestive tract of the body. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z These free radicals can kill the lungs’ epithelial cells, stripping the airways and leaving the lung tissue more vulnerable to viruses or allergens, says Kenyon. How should vulnerable people be protected during wildfires? 2020-05-12T04:00:00Z Click through the interactive review to learn more about epithelial tissues. Fundamentals of Biology 2015-01-01T00:00:00Z A remarkable finding is that each endometrial gland seems to be clonal — that is, all the cells in the gland are derived from a single epithelial progenitor cell. A catalogue of cancer-driving mutations in healthy tissue 2020-04-21T04:00:00Z There are many cases in which cells are prone to tension, such as when epithelial cells of the skin are compressed, tugging them in different directions. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z The nutrients are absorbed into the blood stream across the epithelial cells lining the walls of the small intestines. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z In some cases, the healthy epithelial cells turn into earlier-stage mesenchymal cells, break free from the tumor and become mobile in the body. Close-Up Views of Tumors Reveal a New Cancer Biology 2020-04-21T04:00:00Z The ectoderm develops into the outer epithelial covering of the body surface, the central nervous system, and a few other structures. Fundamentals of Biology 2015-01-01T00:00:00Z The recognition and neutralization of harmful bacteria in the gut is generally thought to be orchestrated by epithelial and immune cells. Gut pain sensors help to combat infection 2020-04-19T04:00:00Z The skin is an epithelial membrane also called the cutaneous membrane. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z Antibody secretion results in a local humoral response at epithelial surfaces and prevents infection of the mucosa by binding and neutralizing pathogens. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z The researchers hope to move on from there to carcinomas, which develop in epithelial cells around organs and in the skin. How AI is improving cancer diagnostics 2020-03-24T04:00:00Z This epithelial cell-lined coelomic cavity represents a space, usually filled with fluid, which lies between the visceral organs and the body wall. Fundamentals of Biology 2015-01-01T00:00:00Z Cooperative interactions between epithelial cells and immune cells are key to managing this complex balancing act, coordinating tolerance to food antigens and to commensal microbes, but initiating protective immune responses against pathogens. Gut pain sensors help to combat infection 2020-04-19T04:00:00Z Most epithelial tissues are essentially large sheets of cells covering all the surfaces of the body exposed to the outside world and lining the outside of organs. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z It is lined by stratified squamous epithelial cells to protect the underlying tissue. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z This means that tests designed to catch epithelial cells are generally effective CTC assays. Could liquid biopsies help deliver better treatment? 2020-03-24T04:00:00Z A true coelom arises entirely within the mesoderm germ layer and is lined by an epithelial membrane. Fundamentals of Biology 2015-01-01T00:00:00Z As key sensors of the gut that aid immune defences, these follicles use immune cells and specialized epithelial cells called M cells to monitor and respond to pathogens and commensal microbes. Gut pain sensors help to combat infection 2020-04-19T04:00:00Z Many epithelial tissues are capable of rapidly replacing damaged and dead cells. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z The ectoderm forms epithelial cells and tissues, and neuronal tissues. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z The assay uses beads coated with antibodies that bind to known epithelial cell proteins to capture CTCs. Could liquid biopsies help deliver better treatment? 2020-03-24T04:00:00Z For instance, Actinomyces bacteria, in red, grow close to the epithelial tissue of the tongue, shown in gray, while Rothia bacteria, in cyan, form long patches between other communities. Don’t freak out: These are the microbes living on your tongue 2020-03-24T04:00:00Z These remarkable findings reveal a complex loop of interactions between epithelial cells, neurons and microbes in the mammalian gut, adding another layer of complexity to our understanding of gut immunity. Gut pain sensors help to combat infection 2020-04-19T04:00:00Z Many epithelial cells are capable of secretion and release mucous and specific chemical compounds onto their apical surfaces. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z This tight adherence prevents materials from leaking between the cells; tight junctions are typically found in epithelial tissues that line internal organs and cavities, and comprise most of the skin. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z This approach uses a clump of human epithelial cells grown in vitro called an organoid or, specifically, a colonoid, because it is made of colon cells. A mutational signature that can be made by a bacterium arises in human colon cancer 2020-03-22T04:00:00Z They constrict these rings to bend the sheets of cells just as our epithelial cells do. Marine Microbe Performs Animal Trick 2020-03-08T05:00:00Z Given the high mutational burden and the specific smoking-associated mutational signatures found in smokers’ healthy epithelial cells, Yoshida and colleagues examined whether these mutations affected crucial genes that are relevant for cancer growth. Smoke signals in the DNA of normal lung cells 2020-01-28T05:00:00Z Particular structures found in some epithelial cells are an adaptation to specific functions. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z For example, the tight junctions of the epithelial cells lining your urinary bladder prevent urine from leaking out into the extracellular space. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z When the scientists removed the growth factors, the cells began to morph into the epithelial cells that produce venom in the glands of snakes. Tiny organs grown from snake glands produce real venom 2020-01-23T05:00:00Z They cultured germs alongside human epithelial cells and mucus sugars. Mucus contains powerful sugars that tame germs 2019-10-14T04:00:00Z Almost 40 years after these amphibian experiments, transfer of the nucleus of an adult mammary epithelial cell was used to generate a cloned mammal: Dolly the sheep7. Cell identity reprogrammed 2019-10-13T04:00:00Z An anchoring junction includes several types of cell junctions that help stabilize epithelial tissues. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z Arsenic poisoning disrupts ATP production, leading to decreased transport of Cl− ions by epithelial cells. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z “For the respiratory viruses, like rhinovirus and EV-D68, the important part is the bronchial epithelial cells, because those are where the virus actually replicates,” Carette says. A Newly Identified Protein May Be the Key to Vanquishing the Common Cold 2019-09-17T04:00:00Z The drugs cause a breakdown of the epithelial barrier, which is the layer of cells that lines the digestive tract. Unravelling the mystery of opioid addiction 2019-09-10T04:00:00Z E-cadherin is present on the membrane of epithelial cells, which form a barrier layer on surfaces of the body. Survival skills ensure that cancer spreads 2019-09-03T04:00:00Z The human body contains more than 200 types of cells that can all be classified into four types of tissues: epithelial, connective, muscle, and nervous. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z Image Figure 24.7b illustrates squamous epithelial cells arranged in stratified layers, where protection is needed on the body from outside abrasion and damage. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z These cells express genes typically associated with barrier formation in a type of non-immune cell called an epithelial cell. Macrophages form a protective cellular barrier in joints 2019-08-06T04:00:00Z Writing in Nature, Liu et al.2 provide insight into how tissue youthfulness is maintained, and which mechanisms drive the ageing process in epithelial organs such as the skin. Elimination of unfit cells in young and ageing skin 2019-04-02T04:00:00Z Anderson and colleagues were tracking the varieties of epithelial cells in the part of the thymus where that education takes place when they found "goofy cells with taste receptors" that they didn't recognize. Closing in on a century-old mystery, scientists are figuring out what the body’s ‘tuft cells’ do 2019-03-28T04:00:00Z It is made of four or five layers of epithelial cells, depending on its location in the body. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z Figure 24.8 Simple cuboidal epithelial cells line tubules in the mammalian kidney, where they are involved in filtering the blood. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z We transplanted retinal pigment epithelial cells derived from a patient or an anonymous donor. Unconscious bias limits women’s careers 2019-03-19T04:00:00Z The protein forms pores in cells that line the airways of the lungs, known as epithelial cells. Antifungal drug could help cystic fibrosis patients for whom common treatments don’t work 2019-03-13T04:00:00Z A piece of Wicht’s bedsheet the night she was found dead contained another man’s sperm, along with a man’s epithelial cells. Man wrongfully convicted in Simi Valley murders to get $21-million settlement 2019-02-23T05:00:00Z Note the significant difference in the thickness of the epithelial layer of the thick skin. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z The nuclei of columnar epithelial cells in the digestive tract appear to be lined up at the base of the cells, as illustrated in Figure 24.9. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z Whether epithelial cells are the target for infection in the natural host is difficult to establish but relevant to address, because infection of particular tissues in bats might affect the likelihood of animal-to-human transmission. Receptor for bat influenza virus uncovers potential risk to humans 2019-02-19T05:00:00Z Could the Am B–sterol complex also form pores in lung epithelial cells, helping cystic fibrosis patients’ lungs release bicarbonate? Antifungal drug could help cystic fibrosis patients for whom common treatments don’t work 2019-03-13T04:00:00Z But they're also more liable to degrade in the stomach or be blocked from entering the bloodstream by thick layers of mucus and tightly packed epithelial cells that line the stomach and gut. Pills armed with tiny needles could inject insulin, other important meds directly into the stomach 2019-02-07T05:00:00Z These glial cells appear similar to epithelial cells, making a single layer of cells with little intracellular space and tight connections between adjacent cells. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z Goblet cells interspersed between the columnar epithelial cells secrete mucous into the respiratory tract. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z Imagine the researchers’ surprise, however, when their microscopes revealed that scutoid-shaped epithelial cells were pervasive in the human body, news they published last July in Nature Communications. Voronoi Tessellations and Scutoids Are Everywhere 2019-01-22T05:00:00Z In epithelial cells grown in a lab dish, Am B produced pores, which released bicarbonate. Antifungal drug could help cystic fibrosis patients for whom common treatments don’t work 2019-03-13T04:00:00Z Instead of that time-consuming process, Wong and Mihalovich use an enzyme that can “chew up all of the epithelial cell DNA and not touch the sperm because they have that hardy cell wall,” Mihalovich says. Can new technology put a dent in the rape kit backlog? 2018-11-26T05:00:00Z Although these classes of ion channels are found primarily in the cells of nervous or muscular tissue, they also can be found in the cells of epithelial and connective tissues. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z As the urinary bladder fills, the epithelial layer unfolds and expands to hold the volume of urine introduced into it. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z His team is looking at other EBV surface proteins in addition to gp350, including ones that the virus uses to invade epithelial cells. Building a better lymphoma vaccine 2018-11-13T05:00:00Z The wall of the innermost layer of the intestine, known as the mucosa, comprises a tightly sealed layer of epithelial cells. Ulcerative colitis: towards remission 2018-11-06T05:00:00Z Finally, when all the epithelial DNA is gone, the analysts add another chemical that breaks apart the sperm cell, so they can get at that prize sperm DNA. Can new technology put a dent in the rape kit backlog? 2018-11-26T05:00:00Z Epithelial membranes are formed from epithelial tissue attached to a layer of connective tissue. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z As diffusion of nutrients and gas is easier across a single layer of flat epithelial cells than cuboidal cells. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z Unlike blood and muscle stem cells, which reside in protected niches, epithelial tissues that line or bud off from the body’s tubes are often exposed to external or internal stressors. Definitions for adult stem cells debated 2018-10-28T04:00:00Z Others aim to promote accelerated repair of the epithelial barrier. Ulcerative colitis: towards remission 2018-11-06T05:00:00Z They gently coaxed the top layers of cells, known as epithelial cells, from the underlying tissue. Researchers Explore a Cancer Paradox 2018-10-18T04:00:00Z There are three types of epithelial membranes: mucous, which contain glands; serous, which secrete fluid; and cutaneous which makes up the skin. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z As diffusion of only gases is easier across a single layer of flat epithelial cells than cuboidal cells. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z Clinical trials are now under way to replace damaged RPE with healthy retinal pigment epithelial cells grown from stem cells. Reconstructing the retina 2018-09-04T04:00:00Z Some of these, the epithelial cells, are destined to become tissues and organs. We Are All Scutoids: A Brand-New Shape, Explained 2018-07-30T04:00:00Z Dr. Martincorena’s team then fished the DNA from the healthy epithelial cells, and carefully sequenced 74 genes that are known to play an important role in the development of cancer. Researchers Explore a Cancer Paradox 2018-10-18T04:00:00Z In epithelial tissue, cells are closely packed with little or no extracellular matrix except for the basal lamina that separates the epithelium from underlying tissue. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z Columnar epithelial cells, which are typically found in a single-layer arrangement, are found along the digestive tract. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z A, A suspension of retinal pigment epithelial cells derived from stem cells is injected into the distorted space above the choroid. Reconstructing the retina 2018-09-04T04:00:00Z The stem cells are located in the base of structures called crypts, and are interspersed with differentiated epithelial cells called Paneth cells. Debate over the identity of an intestinal niche-cell population settled 2018-06-05T04:00:00Z About one of every four epithelial cells carried a mutation on a cancer-linked gene, speeding up the cell’s growth. Researchers Explore a Cancer Paradox 2018-10-18T04:00:00Z The different types of epithelial tissues are characterized by their cellular shapes and arrangements: squamous, cuboidal, or columnar epithelia. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z What is the role of columnar epithelial cells in digestion? Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z B, A one-cell-thick sheet of retinal pigment epithelial cells on top of a thin polyester or collagen scaffold is surgically implanted at the back of the eye. Reconstructing the retina 2018-09-04T04:00:00Z By contrast, Paneth cells are differentiated epithelial cells that move down from the progenitor zone to the crypt base. Debate over the identity of an intestinal niche-cell population settled 2018-06-05T04:00:00Z The techniques haven’t been as effective against the cancers that start in the epithelial cells lining organs, which account for the overwhelming majority of deaths. Opinion | There’s a miraculous chance to cure cancer. But we’ll have to pay for it. 2018-06-05T04:00:00Z Glands are secretory tissues and organs that are derived from epithelial tissues. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z Columnar epithelial cells absorb material from the lumen of the digestive tract to prepare the material for entry into the body. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z Inflammatory memory sensitizes skin epithelial stem cells to tissue damage. Innate immune memory in the brain shapes neurological disease hallmarks 2018-04-10T04:00:00Z Therefore, intestinal epithelial cells are not an essential source of Wnt. Debate over the identity of an intestinal niche-cell population settled 2018-06-05T04:00:00Z Most clusters include cells from all samples, except for a cluster expressing blood genes and a cluster expressing choroid plexus epithelial cells that are mostly from animal WT5E. Aspm knockout ferret reveals an evolutionary mechanism governing cerebral cortical size 2018-04-10T04:00:00Z Surrounded by a wall of epithelial follicle cells, the colloid is the center of thyroid hormone production, and that production is dependent on the hormones’ essential and unique component: iodine. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z Columnar epithelial cells secrete enzymes like salivary amylase which aid in digestion by the breakdown of carbohydrates in the body. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z The outside of the structure would be repopulated with mesenchymal stem cells from the patient's own bone marrow, and the inside seeded with their epithelial cells. Two controversial stem cell trials could harm patients, critics say 2018-03-29T04:00:00Z Extensive epithelial degradation was apparent in both the small intestine and colon three days after Porcn deletion. Debate over the identity of an intestinal niche-cell population settled 2018-06-05T04:00:00Z It then travels down the respiratory tract and binds to epithelial cells lining the lung airways via specific molecules on the cell surface. How the flu hijacks your body to make you feel so wretched 2018-02-16T05:00:00Z This is particularly important in the epithelial lining of the respiratory system. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z Large, complex molecules of proteins, polysaccharides, and lipids must be reduced to simpler particles such as simple sugar before they can be absorbed by the digestive epithelial cells. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z A piece of Wicht's bedsheet the night she was found dead contained another man's sperm, along with a man's epithelial cells. Record payout expected for Simi Valley man wrongfully convicted of grisly 1978 murders 2018-02-15T05:00:00Z Both groups found that the Wnt-expressing niche cells were positioned close to intestinal epithelial cells, in a prime location to affect stem-cell function. Debate over the identity of an intestinal niche-cell population settled 2018-06-05T04:00:00Z The group has found several specific nucleoside transporter proteins that allow these compounds to go from the blood into epithelial cells lining the epididymis. A Private Place Where HIV, Zika and Ebola Hide 2018-01-26T05:00:00Z Although there are many types of cells in the human body, they are organized into four broad categories of tissues: epithelial, connective, muscle, and nervous. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z These molecules can pass through the plasma membrane of the cell and enter the epithelial cells of the intestinal lining. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z By subverting lethal epithelial responses to cytosolic DNA, chromosomally unstable tumour cells co-opt chronic activation of innate immune pathways to spread to distant organs. Chromosomal instability drives metastasis through a cytosolic DNA response 2018-01-16T05:00:00Z Shoshkes-Carmel et al. performed high-resolution microscopy, which revealed that these cells are telocytes — thin cells with long protrusions called telopodes, which form a 3D network underlying the epithelial cells throughout the gut. Debate over the identity of an intestinal niche-cell population settled 2018-06-05T04:00:00Z Cell-polarity dynamics controls the mechanism of lumen formation in epithelial morphogenesis. Pluripotent state transitions coordinate morphogenesis in mouse and human embryos 2017-11-28T05:00:00Z The epithelial and connective tissues are discussed in detail in this chapter. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z Villi and microvilli form the inner layer of epithelial tissue in the small intestine and increase the absorption of nutrients from chyme. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z Microrheology of human lung epithelial cells measured by atomic force microscopy. Force loading explains spatial sensing of ligands by cells 2017-12-05T05:00:00Z From the rate at which the epithelial cells took up phages in the lab, the researchers estimated that a person might absorb up to 30 billion in a day. Does a sea of viruses inside our body help keep us healthy? 2017-11-21T05:00:00Z Intestinal epithelial tuft cells initiate type 2 mucosal immunity to helminth parasites. A single-cell survey of the small intestinal epithelium 2017-11-07T05:00:00Z Figure 4.2 Four Types of Tissue: Body The four types of tissues are exemplified in nervous tissue, stratified squamous epithelial tissue, cardiac muscle tissue, and connective tissue in small intestine. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z Dysplasia is abnormal cell growth that is non-invasive to surrounding tissues, and often reverses back to normal epithelial morphology. One More Pioneering Woman in Science You've Probably Never Heard Of 2017-11-06T05:00:00Z Clevers's mix of growth factors grows organoids consisting primarily of epithelial cells, so his technique doesn't work for the brain and other organs with few or no epithelial cells. This scientist is building miniature guts, livers, and lungs that could save your life one day 2017-08-23T04:00:00Z Consistent with this, Saw and co-workers observed that reducing intercellular adhesion between epithelial cells reduces orientational order and leads to an increase in defects and extrusions. Biological physics: Liquid crystals in living tissue : Nature : Nature Research 2014-04-11T04:00:00Z Intestinal epithelial serum amyloid A modulates bacterial growth in vitro and pro-inflammatory responses in mouse experimental colitis. A single-cell survey of the small intestinal epithelium 2017-11-07T05:00:00Z Note that epithelial tissue originates in all three layers, whereas nervous tissue derives primarily from the ectoderm and muscle tissue from mesoderm. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z In a research paper, for example, researchers report how physical stresses generated at defects in the structures of epithelial cell layers cause excess cells to be extruded. The 100-year-old challenge to Darwin that is still making waves in research 2017-04-11T04:00:00Z Vitamin A deficiency and measles both degrade epithelial cells, the protective coating on the organs, which is why secondary infections are much more common and much more severe in acutely malnourished children. Hunger amplifies infectious diseases for millions fleeing the violence of Boko Haram 2017-04-06T04:00:00Z Although the skin and the surface of the tongue or cheek are different, both are epithelial tissues. Healing canker sores fast with ripe kiwi fruit 2017-03-05T05:00:00Z Intestinal epithelial cells absorb nutrients, respond to microbes, function as a barrier and help to coordinate immune responses. A single-cell survey of the small intestinal epithelium 2017-11-07T05:00:00Z The mucous membrane is also a composite of connective and epithelial tissues. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z It was hoped these would grow into a lining of epithelial cells. Paolo Macchiarini: A surgeon’s downfall - BBC News 2016-09-09T04:00:00Z These homeostatic TH17 cells then stimulate epithelial cells to enhance the integrity of the intestinal mucosal barrier. The microbiota in adaptive immune homeostasis and disease : Nature : Nature Publishing Group 2016-07-05T04:00:00Z Feedback loops that extend to the underlying lamina propria involve communication between epithelial, myeloid and lymphoid cells using cytokines and chemokines. The microbiome and innate immunity : Nature : Nature Publishing Group 2016-07-05T04:00:00Z Gerbe, F. & Jay, P. Intestinal tuft cells: epithelial sentinels linking luminal cues to the immune system. A single-cell survey of the small intestinal epithelium 2017-11-07T05:00:00Z Sometimes called mucosae, these epithelial membranes line the body cavities and hollow passageways that open to the external environment, and include the digestive, respiratory, excretory, and reproductive tracts. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z James Anderson studies how epithelial cells that act as barriers within cells, tissue, or organs are bound together. Survey finds laissez-faire attitude toward validating antibodies 2016-07-06T04:00:00Z IL-33, which is probably released from the epithelial cells of the intestine at steady state, is markedly upregulated under conditions of inflammation. The microbiota in adaptive immune homeostasis and disease : Nature : Nature Publishing Group 2016-07-05T04:00:00Z Feedback loops that extend to the underlying lamina propria involve communication between epithelial, myeloid and lymphoid cells using cytokines and chemokines. The microbiome and innate immunity : Nature : Nature Publishing Group 2016-07-05T04:00:00Z The cells I had were ovine mammary epithelial cells: we were looking to increase expression of proteins in milk. Dolly at 20: The inside story on the world’s most famous sheep 2016-06-28T04:00:00Z Mucous, produced by the epithelial exocrine glands, covers the epithelial layer. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z Healthy microbiota are thought to collaborate with host epithelial cells to maintain the intestinal wall. Microbiome: Bacterial broadband : Nature : Nature Publishing Group 2016-05-17T04:00:00Z These homeostatic TH17 cells then stimulate epithelial cells to enhance the integrity of the intestinal mucosal barrier. The microbiota in adaptive immune homeostasis and disease : Nature : Nature Publishing Group 2016-07-05T04:00:00Z They also secrete IL-22, which initiates an antimicrobial programme as well as barrier fortification in epithelial cells. The microbiome and innate immunity : Nature : Nature Publishing Group 2016-07-05T04:00:00Z Once through, the bacteria will attach to epithelial cells and begin dividing, establishing microcolonies that secrete toxins. Studies that intentionally infect people with disease-causing bugs are on the rise 2016-05-18T04:00:00Z A serous membrane is an epithelial membrane composed of mesodermally derived epithelium called the mesothelium that is supported by connective tissue. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z Gut epithelial tuft cells are key players in mucosal immune responses against parasites. Tuft cells, taste-chemosensory cells, orchestrate parasite type 2 immunity in the gut | Science 2016-03-17T04:00:00Z In vivo induction of serum amyloid A might therefore require both adhesion of SFB to epithelial cells and activation of the IL-22 receptor. The microbiota in adaptive immune homeostasis and disease : Nature : Nature Publishing Group 2016-07-05T04:00:00Z Intestinal epithelial cells use the recognition of microbial-cell components and metabolites to adjust their antimicrobial programme and metabolic homeostasis. The microbiome and innate immunity : Nature : Nature Publishing Group 2016-07-05T04:00:00Z The eye's lens contains so-called epithelial stem cells, which generate replacement lens cells throughout life -- though that declines with aging, according to Zhang. Scientists Use Stem Cells to Correct Infant Cataracts 2016-03-09T05:00:00Z It is a stratified squamous epithelial membrane resting on top of connective tissue. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z Gut epithelial tuft cells are key players in mucosal immune responses against parasites. Tuft cells, taste-chemosensory cells, orchestrate parasite type 2 immunity in the gut | Science 2016-03-17T04:00:00Z Colonization with adherent SFB elicits a unique program of gene expression that includes the upregulation of two isoforms of the protein serum amyloid A in the epithelial cells of the small intestine. The microbiota in adaptive immune homeostasis and disease : Nature : Nature Publishing Group 2016-07-05T04:00:00Z When histone deacetylase 3 is specifically deleted from intestinal epithelial cells, gene expression is massively altered and the integrity of the epithelial barrier is lost94. The microbiome and innate immunity : Nature : Nature Publishing Group 2016-07-05T04:00:00Z "But are these findings interesting and exciting? Definitely," said Djalilian, who also directs the corneal epithelial biology and tissue engineering lab at the University of Illinois School of Medicine, in Chicago. Scientists Use Stem Cells to Correct Infant Cataracts 2016-03-09T05:00:00Z The endothelium is the epithelial tissue that lines vessels of the lymphatic and cardiovascular system, and it is made up of a single layer of squamous cells. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z This structure is lined with lens epithelial stem cells, which normally repair damage. 'Stunning' operation regenerates eye's lens - BBC News 2016-03-09T05:00:00Z These antigens might be preferentially taken up by the cells of the host when SFB adhere to epithelial cells. The microbiota in adaptive immune homeostasis and disease : Nature : Nature Publishing Group 2016-07-05T04:00:00Z Intestinal epithelial cells use the recognition of microbial-cell components and metabolites to adjust their antimicrobial programme and metabolic homeostasis. The microbiome and innate immunity : Nature : Nature Publishing Group 2016-07-05T04:00:00Z Dr. Green and his colleagues produced a nutrient brew in which the epithelial cells would replicate 10,000-fold within weeks. Howard Green, Pioneer in Skin Regeneration, Dies at 90 2015-11-05T05:00:00Z The alveoli of lungs where gases diffuse, segments of kidney tubules, and the lining of capillaries are also made of simple squamous epithelial tissue. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z The procedure was tried in children because their lens epithelial stem cells are more youthful and more able to regenerate than in older patients. 'Stunning' operation regenerates eye's lens - BBC News 2016-03-09T05:00:00Z IL-33, which is probably released from the epithelial cells of the intestine at steady state, is markedly upregulated under conditions of inflammation. The microbiota in adaptive immune homeostasis and disease : Nature : Nature Publishing Group 2016-07-05T04:00:00Z As a consequence, genetic deletion of these receptors leads to intestinal inflammation, tumorigenesis and susceptibility to enteric infection33, 34, which underlines the central role for epithelial IL-18 in orchestrating the intestinal host–microbial interface. The microbiome and innate immunity : Nature : Nature Publishing Group 2016-07-05T04:00:00Z In mice engineered to lack the gene for A20 in their lung epithelial cells, endotoxins did not protect the animals from asthma. Dirty farm air may ward off asthma in children 2015-09-03T04:00:00Z Ciliated columnar epithelium is composed of simple columnar epithelial cells with cilia on their apical surfaces. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z The channels are separated by a porous membrane which is lined on the top with epithelial cells derived from human lung alveoli, and on the bottom with endothelial cells from blood vessels. Towards a body-on-a-chip 2015-06-11T04:00:00Z Pollak has confirmed the first finding in studies using human patients: taking metformin for a month significantly decreased the turnover of colon epithelial cells. Prevention: Tending the gut : Nature : Nature Publishing Group 2015-05-12T04:00:00Z Intriguingly, the impact of microorganisms on intestinal epithelial cells extends far beyond the classical immunological functions of these cells. The microbiome and innate immunity : Nature : Nature Publishing Group 2016-07-05T04:00:00Z An enzyme made by the epithelial cells, called A20, seemed to play a role in reducing these inflammatory responses. Dirty farm air may ward off asthma in children 2015-09-03T04:00:00Z These epithelial cells are found in the lining of the fallopian tubes and parts of the respiratory system, where the beating of the cilia helps remove particulate matter. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z However, a new study suggests that one dispersant harms epithelial cells, found in human lungs and fish gills. Double, double, oil and trouble 2015-04-16T04:00:00Z To mimic the conditions of the lung within a microfluidic device, Ingber's team cultivated epithelial cells derived from human alveoli and endothelial cells derived from blood vessels on either side of a porous polymer membrane. Artificial organs: Honey, I shrunk the lungs : Nature : Nature Publishing Group 2015-03-24T04:00:00Z They also secrete IL-22, which initiates an antimicrobial programme as well as barrier fortification in epithelial cells. The microbiome and innate immunity : Nature : Nature Publishing Group 2016-07-05T04:00:00Z The transplants are meant to cover the retina, patch up the epithelial layer and support the remaining photoreceptors. 365 days: Nature's 10 Figure 4.8 summarizes the different categories of epithelial cell tissue cells. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z About 90 percent of cancers are believed to be related to issues with epithelial cells. Billionaire Paul Allen donates $100m to new ‘industrial scale’ effort to understand human cells 2014-12-08T05:00:00Z Researchers plan to study how induced pluripotent stem cells transform into heart muscle and epithelial cells and compare and contrast how these transformations occur. Microsoft mogul to create new cell science center 2014-12-08T05:00:00Z And recently the team found a way to line channels with epithelial cells taken from human kidneys. How 3-D Printing Is Changing Medicine 2014-11-17T05:00:00Z Now upbeat, however, Takahashi is aiming to clear a much higher bar — transplanting layers of photoreceptors together with the epithelial sheets — to restore a small degree of vision to people with macular degeneration. 365 days: Nature's 10 Most glands consist of groups of epithelial cells. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z He has seen direct evidence that Ebola does have the capacity to attach to receptors in the so-called epithelial cells in human lungs. Some Scientists Question CDC "Dogma" On Ebola Transmission 2014-10-17T04:00:00Z In the new study, human embryonic stem cells were first prompted to develop into eye cells called retinal pigment epithelial cells. Embryonic Stem Cell Therapy Shows Long-Term Effectiveness, Safety 2014-10-14T04:00:00Z E-cigarette vapor also appears to decrease human epithelial cells’ ability to fight pathogens, Alexander said. Study: E-Cigarette Vapor Toughens MRSA Superbug 2014-05-19T04:00:00Z Previous studies report UPR activation in various human tumours, but the role of XBP1 in cancer progression in mammary epithelial cells is largely unknown. XBP1 promotes triple-negative breast cancer by controlling the HIF1α pathway 2014-04-04T18:28:18.449Z Unlike epithelial tissue, which is composed of cells closely packed with little or no extracellular space in between, connective tissue cells are dispersed in a matrix. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z In this complex metamorphosis, epithelial cells — the kind that stick together in sheets to form bodily tissues — are converted into loosely organized cells called mesenchyme. Raw Data: A Tumor, the Embryo’s Evil Twin 2014-03-17T20:26:20Z Contact-mediated signal exchange and signaling are also the hallmarks of neurons—an analogy that extends to the functional requirements for the diaphanous, neuroglian, shibire, and capricious genes by both neurons and epithelial cells. [Research Article] Cytoneme-Mediated Contact-Dependent Transport of the Drosophila Decapentaplegic Signaling Protein 2014-02-20T19:25:43.644Z “Many scientists use epithelial cell lines that are exquisitely sensitive,” Mina Bissell, a cancer researcher at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, wrote in Nature in November. Raw Data: New Truths That Only One Can See 2014-01-20T22:12:16Z Silencing this gene in cultured mouse or human mammary tumor spheroids resulted in increased acinar lumen formation, reduced tumor cell proliferation, and restoration of normal epithelial polarization. [Research Articles] Silencing HoxA1 by Intraductal Injection of siRNA Lipidoid Nanoparticles Prevents Mammary Tumor Progression in Mice 2014-01-01T19:25:05.762Z Areolar tissue underlies most epithelia and represents the connective tissue component of epithelial membranes, which are described further in a later section. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z This year, a Japanese pilot study with the eye disease macular degeneration — the plan is to transplant sheets of retinal epithelial cells, derived from iPS cells, into their eyes. 365 days: 2013 in review 2013-12-18T18:50:23.347Z The results suggest a specific evolutionary process that likely occurred—including repeated gains and loss of mesoderm, expansion of genes associated with the cell cycle, growth signaling, apoptosis, and epithelial and neural cell types. [Research Article] The Genome of the Ctenophore Mnemiopsis leidyi and Its Implications for Cell Type Evolution 2013-12-12T19:26:12.817Z Much remains to be known about how epithelial stem cells are generated and maintained. [Report] Interfollicular Epidermal Stem Cells Self-Renew via Autocrine Wnt Signaling 2013-12-05T18:57:15.857Z Our tissues are composed primarily of two types of cells; epithelial and mesenchymal cells. The Hallmarks of Cancer 6: Tissue Invasion and Metastasis 2013-10-30T23:15:03.320Z Respiratory epithelial cells secrete mucus, which serves to trap dust, bacteria, and other debris. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z The extent of genome diversity varies but is usually substantial in solid epithelial cancers and melanoma. Selection and adaptation during metastatic cancer progression 2013-09-18T17:22:42.817Z As fitness is context dependent, evaluating tumours as complete organs, and not simply as masses of transformed epithelial cells, becomes paramount. Influence of tumour micro-environment heterogeneity on therapeutic response 2013-09-18T17:22:26.223Z Mutations in the tumour suppressor gene APC, for instance, are common in gastrointestinal malignances such as colorectal cancer, probably owing to the importance of WNT-signalling pathways in intestinal epithelial homeostasis. The causes and consequences of genetic heterogeneity in cancer evolution 2013-09-18T17:22:16.487Z Cancer cells hijack this process, first to enable metastasis through activating the EMT program and then, once they reach their new home, to revert back to epithelial form by activating the MET program. The Hallmarks of Cancer 6: Tissue Invasion and Metastasis 2013-10-30T23:15:03.320Z Cilia on the epithelial cells move the mucus and its trapped particles up the airways away from the lungs and toward the outside. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z These markers are suited to the detection of epithelial DCCs in tissues such as blood, bone marrow and lymph nodes because these tissues lack epithelial cells. Selection and adaptation during metastatic cancer progression 2013-09-18T17:22:42.817Z These outcomes were induced by proteinase cleavage of the clotting protein fibrinogen, yielding fibrinogen cleavage products that acted as TLR4 ligands on airway epithelial cells and macrophages. [Report] Cleavage of Fibrinogen by Proteinases Elicits Allergic Responses Through Toll-Like Receptor 4 2013-08-15T17:57:45.670Z We identified two epithelial defense mechanisms modulated by estrogen. [Research Articles] Estrogen Supports Urothelial Defense Mechanisms 2013-06-19T18:55:06.763Z These transcription factors repress the expression of epithelial characteristics, while activating the expression of mesenchymal characteristics. The Hallmarks of Cancer 6: Tissue Invasion and Metastasis 2013-10-30T23:15:03.320Z Its effect is to increase epithelial permeability to water, allowing increased water reabsorption. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z However, expression of both markers can be low or absent in epithelial cells, so DCCs may escape detection — the reasons for this downregulation or loss are not understood. Selection and adaptation during metastatic cancer progression 2013-09-18T17:22:42.817Z Despite what appears to be a set structural form, epithelial cells display active dynamics with fluid behavior. [Introduction to Special Issue] Introduction: Getting into Shape 2013-06-06T17:55:41.127Z In addition, estrogen promoted the expression and redistribution of cell-cell contact–associated proteins, thereby strengthening the epithelial integrity and preventing excessive loss of superficial cells during infection. [Research Articles] Estrogen Supports Urothelial Defense Mechanisms 2013-06-19T18:55:06.763Z The airway epithelial cells that the method relies on are continuously shed, he notes. Gene Therapy ... Against the Flu? 2013-05-29T19:05:00Z The medulla, where thymocytes migrate before leaving the thymus, contains a less dense collection of thymocytes, epithelial cells, and dendritic cells. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z The epithelial cells will be inserted into the nose. Science Fiction Comes Alive as Researchers Grow Organs 2013-03-23T03:06:52Z For example, epithelial cells in the intestine and keratinocytes in the skin both release protein fragments called defensins, part of the innate host response to bacterial invaders. Genetics: Deep exploration 2012-12-19T18:20:55.300Z Then they apply fluorescent stains: a chemical to highlight the cells' nuclei, an antibody that adheres to immune cells, and another antibody that tags epithelial cells. Diagnostics: Playing detective 2012-11-23T15:21:10.310Z If it worked, these so-called epithelial cells would produce influenza antibodies right at the site where the virus attempts to establish an infection. Gene Therapy ... Against the Flu? 2013-05-29T19:05:00Z The epithelium contains goblet cells, one of the specialized, columnar epithelial cells that produce mucus to trap debris. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z Dr. Seifalian will then apply the right chemicals to convert the man's stem cells into epithelial cells, a common type of tissue found in the nose and in the lining of other organs. Science Fiction Comes Alive as Researchers Grow Organs 2013-03-23T03:06:52Z In their paper the team speculated that the presence of the parasite eggs stimulated extra mucus production and healing, in addition to renewing epithelial cells. Parasitic Worm Eggs Ease Intestinal Ills by Changing Gut Macrobiota 2012-11-15T23:15:03.963Z The fully differentiated cells used for these experiments were taken from the epithelial layer of the intestine of mutant tadpoles that had begun to feed. Transplanted Nuclei and Cell Differentiation, by Sir John B. Gurdon 2012-10-09T23:45:00.177Z SCFAs also affect proliferation, differentiation and modulation of gene expression in mammalian colonic epithelial cells. Functional interactions between the gut microbiota and host metabolism 2012-09-13T11:21:18.130Z A type I alveolar cell is a squamous epithelial cell of the alveoli, which constitute up to 97 percent of the alveolar surface area. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z Mucus is produced by goblet cells and is composed of heavily glycosylated mucin proteins, as well as other protective molecules, such as trefoil factor, that contribute to epithelial restitution and repair. Reciprocal interactions of the intestinal microbiota and immune system 2012-09-13T11:20:55.227Z Hidden inside a keratinocyte — the most common epithelial cell — HPV can remain almost invisible to the surveillance of the immune system. Pathology: Three questions 2012-08-29T17:51:27.637Z In both the Future and Patricia trials, participants were examined at least once each year for signs of HPV infection or epithelial lesions. Clinical approval: Trials of an anticancer jab 2012-08-29T17:51:17.013Z These phenotypes were corrected by antibiotic treatment, suggesting a reciprocal interaction between microbiota, altered epithelial permeability and host metabolism. Functional interactions between the gut microbiota and host metabolism 2012-09-13T11:21:18.130Z The stomach mucosa’s epithelial lining consists only of surface mucus cells, which secrete a protective coat of alkaline mucus. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z Maintaining the polarized structure of the epithelial barrier is crucial to its function. Reciprocal interactions of the intestinal microbiota and immune system 2012-09-13T11:20:55.227Z “The difficulties we face stem from the lifecycle of the virus,” says Margaret Stanley, a virologist and epithelial biologist at the University of Cambridge, UK. Pathology: Three questions 2012-08-29T17:51:27.637Z They were able to see a dense meshwork of human bronchial epithelial cell cultures. 'Brush' sweeps human lungs clean 2012-08-23T18:13:54Z A connection between metabolism and the function of the epithelial barrier is thought to exist. Functional interactions between the gut microbiota and host metabolism 2012-09-13T11:21:18.130Z Parietal cells—Located primarily in the middle region of the gastric glands are parietal cells, which are among the most highly differentiated of the body’s epithelial cells. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z These cytokines stimulate epithelial -cell secretion of antimicrobial peptides that inhibit or kill bacteria in the vicinity of the epithelial cell surface. Reciprocal interactions of the intestinal microbiota and immune system 2012-09-13T11:20:55.227Z He hypothesizes that gut inflammation causes colibactin-producing strains to bloom while simultaneously weakening epithelial cells that line the gut, making them more susceptible to DNA damage. E. Coli Strain Linked to Cancer in Mice 2012-08-17T20:45:00.143Z The brush-like layer consists of protective molecules that keep sticky mucus from reaching the cilia and epithelial cells, thus ensuring the normal flow of mucus. 'Brush' sweeps human lungs clean 2012-08-23T18:13:54Z The receptor is often expressed on epithelial cells, the type of cells that turn cancerous, and it promotes cell survival. Amgen Pulls Cancer Drug 2012-08-10T20:50:35Z Second, the epithelial cells of the stomach's mucosa meet at tight junctions, which block gastric juice from penetrating the underlying tissue layers. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z This sensing also arms the intestinal epithelial cells for release of antimicrobial peptides. Reciprocal interactions of the intestinal microbiota and immune system 2012-09-13T11:20:55.227Z Although scientists have not yet mastered co-culturing, they have made impressive advances, cultivating little gardens of gut tissue and bacteria, for example, as well as epithelial cells and immune system cells. What Would It Take To Really Build An Artificial Jellyfish? 2012-07-25T20:45:00.237Z Luminal subtypes are associated with expression of oestrogen and progesterone receptors and differentiated luminal epithelial cell markers. Sequence analysis of mutations and translocations across breast cancer subtypes 2012-06-20T17:22:32.787Z Alternative approaches use different markers to distinguish the tumour cells or microfluidic technology to sort the larger tumour epithelial cells from the smaller blood cells. Metastasis: The rude awakening 2012-05-30T17:51:07.740Z Finally, stem cells located where gastric glands join the gastric pits quickly replace damaged epithelial mucosal cells, when the epithelial cells are shed. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z This sensing also arms the intestinal epithelial cells for release of antimicrobial peptides. Reciprocal interactions of the intestinal microbiota and immune system 2012-09-13T11:20:55.227Z The procedure - corneal epithelial stem cell transplantation - represents one of the first of a new generation of regenerative therapies. Two patients get eye stem cells 2012-05-21T09:13:05Z The mutations in , RUNX1 and GATA3 suggest the importance of understanding epithelial cell differentiation and its regulatory transcription factors in breast cancer pathogenesis. Sequence analysis of mutations and translocations across breast cancer subtypes 2012-06-20T17:22:32.787Z As he examined the metabolism of malignant lung cancer cells and non-malignant healthy epithelial cells, Stephen had noticed an important difference in the physical appearance of the mitochondria. Dynamic Mitochondrial Networks in Cancer 2012-03-29T15:45:03.977Z They are cylindrical apical surface extensions of the plasma membrane of the mucosa’s epithelial cells, and are supported by microfilaments within those cells. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z Detection of flagellin on the 'host' side of the intestinal epithelial barrier results in epithelial-cell activation, which initiates inflammatory responses by innate and adaptive immune cells with the aim of eradicating the invading bacterium. Reciprocal interactions of the intestinal microbiota and immune system 2012-09-13T11:20:55.227Z It often contains albumen during the first week of this disease, usually hyaline or more or less granular casts, and occasionally red blood-discs, white cells, epithelia of kidneys and bladder, and epithelial detritus. A System of Practical Medicine by American Authors, Vol. I Volume 1: Pathology and General Diseases 2012-03-17T02:00:54.097Z This is to our knowledge the first report of inactivation of this transcription factor complex in epithelial cancers. Sequence analysis of mutations and translocations across breast cancer subtypes 2012-06-20T17:22:32.787Z The mitochondria in the vast majority of cancer cells appeared to be small and fragmented, while healthy epithelial cells predominantly contained elongated, filamentous-like mitochondria that formed large intact networks. Dynamic Mitochondrial Networks in Cancer 2012-03-29T15:45:03.977Z First, peptidoglycan, a component of bacterial cell walls, activates the release of chemicals by the mucosa’s epithelial cells, which draft immune cells, especially dendritic cells, into the mucosa. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z Over the latter the dense white smooth epithelial lining of the œsophagus is continued, terminating abruptly by a raised crenulated border. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 13, Slice 6 "Home, Daniel" to "Hortensius, Quintus" 2012-03-15T02:00:32.250Z A new formation of connective tissue is usually associated with that of the epithelial cells. A System of Practical Medicine by American Authors, Vol. I Volume 1: Pathology and General Diseases 2012-03-17T02:00:54.097Z The discovery of recurrent driver rearrangements in other epithelial cancers led to a closer examination of the list of confirmed rearrangements. Sequence analysis of mutations and translocations across breast cancer subtypes 2012-06-20T17:22:32.787Z The cause and significance of this difference in the mitochondrial structure between lung cancer cells and healthy lung epithelial cells was unknown and thus a fertile ground for new discoveries. Dynamic Mitochondrial Networks in Cancer 2012-03-29T15:45:03.977Z Dendritic cells open the tight junctions between epithelial cells and extend probes into the lumen to evaluate the microbial antigens. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z They generally break within two to three days, and leave bright red, uneven, and ragged sores or ulcers, to the edges of which adheres shreds of detached epithelial tissue. Prairie Farmer, Vol. 56: No. 12, March 22, 1884 A Weekly Journal for the Farm, Orchard and Fireside 2012-02-24T03:00:26.570Z Crisis occurred on the fifth day, temperature falling 9°, sweating copious, urine 473 ccm. in twenty-four hours, color of porter, highly albuminous, and depositing blood, renal epithelium, hyaline, granular and epithelial casts, all stained reddish. A System of Practical Medicine by American Authors, Vol. I Volume 1: Pathology and General Diseases 2012-03-17T02:00:54.097Z In the study, physicians led by Schwartz injected what are called retinal epithelial cells into one eye of each patient. First patients shown to improve with embryonic stem cells 2012-01-23T20:25:32Z However, at any given time, the majority of cancer cells had smaller, fragmented mitochondria when compared to healthy lung epithelial or vascular cells. Dynamic Mitochondrial Networks in Cancer 2012-03-29T15:45:03.977Z Feces is composed of undigested food residues, unabsorbed digested substances, millions of bacteria, old epithelial cells from the GI mucosa, inorganic salts, and enough water to let it pass smoothly out of the body. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z Goblet-shaped epithelial cells, in which the extremity of the parasite is inserted. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 12, Slice 5 "Greek Law" to "Ground-Squirrel" 2011-12-05T03:00:51.527Z Of the various epithelial tumors, there are those like the cutaneous horn or corn, the adenoma or cystoma, whose epithelial growth takes place in accordance with normal methods of production. A System of Practical Medicine by American Authors, Vol. I Volume 1: Pathology and General Diseases 2012-03-17T02:00:54.097Z Three stromal features were significantly associated with survival, and this association was stronger than the association of survival with epithelial characteristics in the model. [Research Articles] Systematic Analysis of Breast Cancer Morphology Uncovers Stromal Features Associated with Survival 2011-11-09T19:55:07.037Z Most breast cancers originate in the epithelial cells lining the breast ducts. [Research Articles] Preclinical and Clinical Evaluation of Intraductally Administered Agents in Early Breast Cancer 2011-10-26T19:55:10.567Z Moreover, substances cannot pass between the epithelial cells of the intestinal mucosa because these cells are bound together by tight junctions. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z In the case of intestinal Gregarines, the behaviour of the young trophozoite with respect to the epithelial cells of its host varies greatly. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 12, Slice 5 "Greek Law" to "Ground-Squirrel" 2011-12-05T03:00:51.527Z Cancer is therefore defined as an atypical, epithelial new formation. A System of Practical Medicine by American Authors, Vol. I Volume 1: Pathology and General Diseases 2012-03-17T02:00:54.097Z Basically, when you look at different types of cells, such as fibroblasts, which form connective tissue, or epithelial cells, from saliva, you see general correlations within a person. Tell Us More Telomeres: Anecdotes from a Nobel Prize Winner 2011-10-17T12:15:00.240Z Protection from tumor growth was observed with all five agents, with extensive epithelial destruction present only in PLD-treated rats. [Research Articles] Preclinical and Clinical Evaluation of Intraductally Administered Agents in Early Breast Cancer 2011-10-26T19:55:10.567Z Thus, substances can only enter blood capillaries by passing through the apical surfaces of epithelial cells and into the interstitial fluid. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z “These mice changed their tumour spectrum towards a humanized spectrum of epithelial cancers,” a finding that he says highlights the importance of telomere length in human cancer. Telomeres: All's well that ends well 2011-10-12T17:21:06.837Z Such tumors are to be regarded as of an endothelial rather than epithelial character, and as such their histogenesis falls under the general laws of the development of tissues. A System of Practical Medicine by American Authors, Vol. I Volume 1: Pathology and General Diseases 2012-03-17T02:00:54.097Z Disruption of this cellular network by depletion of pDCs or blockade of IL-15 signaling in mice in vivo prevented epithelial injury, maintained anatomic continuity of the bile duct, and promoted long-term survival. [Research Articles] Dendritic Cells Regulate Natural Killer Cell Activation and Epithelial Injury in Experimental Biliary Atresia 2011-09-28T20:25:37.437Z He and his colleagues will inject into patients' eyes retinal pigment epithelial cells that ACT derived from hES cells. U.K. Approves Europe's First Embryonic Stem Cell Clinical Trial 2011-09-22T16:25:51Z However, after they enter the absorptive epithelial cells, they are broken down into their amino acids before leaving the cell and entering the capillary blood via diffusion. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z Similarly, an extended membrane of cells or an epithelial layer cannot add indefinitely to its thickness, else would the cells furthest removed from the outside be injured in their relations to surrounding things. The Biological Problem of To-day Preformation Or Epigenesis? The Basis of a Theory of Organic Development 2011-08-29T02:01:04.170Z The growth of the epithelial elements into the neighboring parts is through paths determined by pre-existing or new-formed connective tissue. A System of Practical Medicine by American Authors, Vol. I Volume 1: Pathology and General Diseases 2012-03-17T02:00:54.097Z Spheramine consists of cultured human retinal epithelial cells bound to specialized man-made carrier molecules. Experimental Parkinson's disease therapies: Why fake it? 2011-08-10T17:20:31.227Z These excreta practically contained no solid matter excepting epithelial cells and salts. Antarctic Penguins A Study of Their Social Habits 2011-08-03T02:00:14.143Z Without micelles, lipids would sit on the surface of chyme and never come in contact with the absorptive surfaces of the epithelial cells. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z The modified epithelial structure of which the lens is composed is always being added to throughout life. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 10, Slice 1 "Evangelical Church Conference" to "Fairbairn, Sir William" 2011-07-16T02:00:16.387Z The cystoma is the result of an active new formation of epithelium and connective tissue, and is classified as a variety of the epithelial group of tumors. A System of Practical Medicine by American Authors, Vol. I Volume 1: Pathology and General Diseases 2012-03-17T02:00:54.097Z Each patient will undergo a procedure in which between 50,000 to 200,000 retinal pigmented epithelial cells created from human embryonic stem cells will be injected into their eyes. First patients treated in new human embryonic stem cell study 2011-07-14T12:30:00Z It also highlights the regulatory mechanisms that control the rapid and continuous renewal of epithelial cells in the intestinal lining from resident stem cells. Intestinal networks in health and disease 2011-06-15T17:20:49.697Z Figure 23.33 Lipid Absorption Unlike amino acids and simple sugars, lipids are transformed as they are absorbed through epithelial cells. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z On the anterior surface of the lens is a layer of epithelial cells, which, towards the margin or equator, gradually elongate into lens fibres. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 10, Slice 1 "Evangelical Church Conference" to "Fairbairn, Sir William" 2011-07-16T02:00:16.387Z It is not invariably complicated with changes in the kidney, neither do we always discover casts or degenerated epithelial cells in the urine. A System of Practical Medicine by American Authors, Vol. I Volume 1: Pathology and General Diseases 2012-03-17T02:00:54.097Z Researchers took air samples from one of the largest e-waste dismantling areas in China and examined their effects on human lung epithelial cells. ?E-waste Pollution? Threat to Human Health 2011-06-01T15:01:00Z Most cancers occur in the sheets of epithelial cells that line organs. Tumour biology: Cancer theory faces doubts 2011-04-20T17:20:26.967Z When the body has enough iron, most of the stored iron is lost when worn-out epithelial cells slough off. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z Furuta and her colleagues focused on breast epithelial cells, which form part of the milk-producing mammary glands and are the cells that turn malignant in the vast majority of breast cancers. Body's Immune Protein Fights Breast Cancer 2011-04-14T14:43:00Z E. Wagner, who makes no anatomical distinction between croup and diphtheria, considers epithelial changes the principal source. A System of Practical Medicine by American Authors, Vol. I Volume 1: Pathology and General Diseases 2012-03-17T02:00:54.097Z The epithelial cells possess typical microscopical characters which enable them to be readily distinguished from all others. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 9, Slice 6 "English Language" to "Epsom Salts" 2011-02-19T03:00:59.807Z He looked at her hair and said that it had become shorter from a shrinkage in the cells, owing to undue epithelial activity of the cranium. Here and Hereafter 2011-02-07T03:00:23.580Z Since women experience significant iron loss during menstruation, they have around four times as many iron transport proteins in their intestinal epithelial cells as do men. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z In Echinodermata a certain amount of mesenchyme appears before the epithelial mesoderm, which is formed later as gut-diverticula. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 9, Slice 3 "Electrostatics" to "Engis" 2011-02-06T03:00:53.093Z Fatty globules may be observed floating in the liquid, which under the microscope reveals epithelial d�bris, granular corpuscles, and fragments of gastric glands. A System of Practical Medicine by American Authors, Vol. I Volume 1: Pathology and General Diseases 2012-03-17T02:00:54.097Z The individual cells forming an epithelial membrane are classified according to their shape. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 9, Slice 6 "English Language" to "Epsom Salts" 2011-02-19T03:00:59.807Z The amoeba verrucosa he describes as remarkable for its sluggish character, and in appearance reminds one of a little pile of epithelial scales or a fragment of dandruff from the head. The Galaxy Vol. XXIII?March, 1877.?No. 3 2011-01-31T03:00:16.193Z Water absorption is driven by the concentration gradient of the water: The concentration of water is higher in chyme than it is in epithelial cells. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z As has been implied in the above account, mesenchyme is usually formed from epithelial mesoderm or from endoderm, or from tissue destined to form endoderm. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 9, Slice 3 "Electrostatics" to "Engis" 2011-02-06T03:00:53.093Z It contains, like these discharges, more or less epithelial flocculi, and generally more than were observed during life in the dejections. A System of Practical Medicine by American Authors, Vol. I Volume 1: Pathology and General Diseases 2012-03-17T02:00:54.097Z In other instances the epithelial membrane may consist of a number of layers of cells, as in the case of the epidermis of the skin. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 9, Slice 6 "English Language" to "Epsom Salts" 2011-02-19T03:00:59.807Z On microscopical examination the gland shows a large number of closed tubular alveoli, lined by columnar epithelial cells, unsupported by a basement membrane, and filled with colloid or jelly-like material. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 8, Slice 8 "Dubner" to "Dyeing" 2010-12-26T03:00:17.840Z The most superficial layer is the serous membrane, or perimetrium, which consists of epithelial tissue that covers the exterior portion of the uterus. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z As already hinted, in Balanoglossus and Amphioxus the whole of the mesoderm of the body is at first in an epithelial condition, being developed as an outgrowth of the gut-wall. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 9, Slice 3 "Electrostatics" to "Engis" 2011-02-06T03:00:53.093Z The mucus scraped from the lining membrane of the intestine and mixed with water renders it turbid with epithelial d�bris. A System of Practical Medicine by American Authors, Vol. I Volume 1: Pathology and General Diseases 2012-03-17T02:00:54.097Z In compound glands the more typical or secretory epithelium is found forming the terminal portion of each branch, and the uniting portions form ducts and are lined with a less modified type of epithelial cell. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 9, Slice 6 "English Language" to "Epsom Salts" 2011-02-19T03:00:59.807Z In the medulla the lymphoid cells are fewer, and nests of epithelial cells are found, called the concentric corpuscles of Hassall. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 8, Slice 8 "Dubner" to "Dyeing" 2010-12-26T03:00:17.840Z The endometrium contains a connective tissue lining, the lamina propria, which is covered by epithelial tissue that lines the lumen. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z They acquire special epithelial walls, and form the main trunks and network of smaller vessels found in animals with a canalicular vascular system, or the large sinus-like spaces characteristic of animals with a haemocoelic body-cavity. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 9, Slice 3 "Electrostatics" to "Engis" 2011-02-06T03:00:53.093Z The lips and finger-nails present a livid appearance; epithelial defects are observed in the cornea, but these had their origin there before the death of the patient. A System of Practical Medicine by American Authors, Vol. I Volume 1: Pathology and General Diseases 2012-03-17T02:00:54.097Z In the secretory portion of the gland and in the smaller ducts the epithelial layer is one cell thick only. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 9, Slice 6 "English Language" to "Epsom Salts" 2011-02-19T03:00:59.807Z The conventional hormone therapy significantly increased the percentage of proliferating normal breast epithelial cells–while the bioidentical therapy did not. Well: A Second Look at Estrogen's Benefits 2010-12-14T00:36:47Z In the cortex of the thymus, they are exposed to cortical epithelial cells. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z One of these is epithelial in character, Mesenchyme. while the other has the form of a network of protoplasm, with nuclei at the nodes. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 9, Slice 3 "Electrostatics" to "Engis" 2011-02-06T03:00:53.093Z The serous inflammations may also arise from the epithelial coverings of the body, as the cutaneous, alimentary, and respiratory surfaces. A System of Practical Medicine by American Authors, Vol. I Volume 1: Pathology and General Diseases 2012-03-17T02:00:54.097Z When the cells of an epithelial surface are arranged several layers deep, we can again distinguish various types:— Fig. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 9, Slice 6 "English Language" to "Epsom Salts" 2011-02-19T03:00:59.807Z The study will involve injecting 50,000 to 200,000 cells known as retinal pigment epithelial cells in the hopes that they will replace those ravaged by the disease. Supplements or flu shots; and stem cell research for Stargardt's macular dystrophy 2010-11-29T23:08:00Z Sertoli cells are a type of supporting cell called a sustentacular cell, or sustentocyte, that are typically found in epithelial tissue. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z The former is called simply epithelial mesoderm, the latter mesenchyme. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 9, Slice 3 "Electrostatics" to "Engis" 2011-02-06T03:00:53.093Z The relation of cancer to epithelial tumors is regarded as similar to that borne by sarcoma to tumors composed of connective tissues. A System of Practical Medicine by American Authors, Vol. I Volume 1: Pathology and General Diseases 2012-03-17T02:00:54.097Z In the moist mucous surfaces the number of cells forming the epithelial layer is usually much smaller than in a dry stratified epithelium. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 9, Slice 6 "English Language" to "Epsom Salts" 2011-02-19T03:00:59.807Z The company has turned human embryonic stem cells into retinal pigment epithelial cells, which will be surgically implanted into the eye. 2 Treatments for Retinas Make Gains 2010-11-22T05:40:00Z As airborne molecules are inhaled through the nose, they pass over the olfactory epithelial region and dissolve into the mucus. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z In this connexion it may be interesting to point out that in many Coelenterates all the tissues of the body retain throughout life the epithelial condition, nothing comparable to mesenchyme ever being formed. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 9, Slice 3 "Electrostatics" to "Engis" 2011-02-06T03:00:53.093Z With rare exceptions, a tumor cannot be epithelial in character if its origin is from an organ or a part in which epithelium is absent. A System of Practical Medicine by American Authors, Vol. I Volume 1: Pathology and General Diseases 2012-03-17T02:00:54.097Z Glandular Tissues.—Every gland is formed by an ingrowth from an epithelial surface. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 9, Slice 6 "English Language" to "Epsom Salts" 2011-02-19T03:00:59.807Z Yet the insect brain extracts didn’t seem to bother human kidney or epithelial cells when grown with them in a lab dish. Cockroach Brains, Coming to a Pharmacy Near You 2010-09-13T15:13:00Z Interspersed among its epithelial cells are goblet cells, which secrete mucus and fluid into the lumen, and enteroendocrine cells, which secrete hormones into the interstitial spaces between cells. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z Retinal pigmented epithelial cells, also made from human embryonic stem cells, should replace those ravaged by the progressive loss of eyesight, usually beginning in childhood. First tests for stem cell therapy are near 2010-08-29T19:21:00Z Cancer remains as an epithelial tumor, representing the atypical growth of cells resembling epidermis or the epithelium of glands and mucous membranes, extending into parts where epithelium is not found as a normal constituent. A System of Practical Medicine by American Authors, Vol. I Volume 1: Pathology and General Diseases 2012-03-17T02:00:54.097Z All the cells of a living organism are extremely sensitive to slight differences of osmotic pressure—the cells of epithelial tissue and of the nervous system as well as the blood cells. The Mechanism of Life The roof of the fourth ventricle widens out very much and remains largely epithelial as the superior and inferior medullary vela. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 4, Slice 4 "Bradford, William" to "Brequigny, Louis" There, most nutrients are absorbed from the lumen of the alimentary canal into the bloodstream through the epithelial cells that make up the mucosa. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z In various species of Cheiroteuthis the suckers on the tentacular arms are very feeble, but the bottom of the cup is covered by a number of anastomosed epithelial filaments which are used as a fishing-net. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 5, Slice 6 "Celtes, Konrad" to "Ceramics" Tumors of the epithelial series are of slow growth, from the constantly increasing distance of the new-formed cells from the vascular connective tissue which provides their nourishment. A System of Practical Medicine by American Authors, Vol. I Volume 1: Pathology and General Diseases 2012-03-17T02:00:54.097Z In the same way the epithelial cells of the mammary glands “select” the suitable substances from the blood. Naturalism And Religion Its epithelial lining is continuous with that of the central canal. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 4, Slice 4 "Bradford, William" to "Brequigny, Louis" Histologically, tonsils do not contain a complete capsule, and the epithelial layer invaginates deeply into the interior of the tonsil to form tonsillar crypts. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z I.-IV represents the schizogony, commencing with infection of an epithelial cell by a sporozoite or merozoite. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 6, Slice 5 "Clervaux" to "Cockade" In like manner, when the new formation concerns the connective-tissue stroma, as well as the epithelial sprouts, vascularization proceeds with the development of the tumor, and favorable conditions for rapid growth are presented. A System of Practical Medicine by American Authors, Vol. I Volume 1: Pathology and General Diseases 2012-03-17T02:00:54.097Z But in reality it proves to be rather a process of selection on the part of the epithelial cells of the intestine, analogous to the selection and rejection exercised elsewhere by unicellular organisms. Naturalism And Religion The roof of the telencephalon is mainly epithelial, and contains no traces of cortical structure. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 4, Slice 4 "Bradford, William" to "Brequigny, Louis" To this end, the lungs exchange respiratory gases across a very large epithelial surface area—about 70 square meters—that is highly permeable to gases. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z The liberated sporozoites creep out and proceed to infect the epithelial cells. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 6, Slice 5 "Clervaux" to "Cockade" Large epithelial tumors may thus arise within organs, but, as the surfaces are reached, the sources of nourishment become farther removed and the degeneration of the epithelium favors its detachment and the formation of ulcers. A System of Practical Medicine by American Authors, Vol. I Volume 1: Pathology and General Diseases 2012-03-17T02:00:54.097Z Occasionally, I have seen one imperfect epithelial bag or tube within another and later-formed one. A Monograph on the Sub-class Cirripedia With Figures of all the Species. The tegmentum is pierced by numerous vertical ramified canals which contain epithelial papillae of the epidermis. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 6, Slice 2 "Chicago, University of" to "Chiton" Whereas the ectoderm and endoderm form tightly connected epithelial sheets, the mesodermal cells are less organized and exist as a loosely connected cell community. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z Cancers are tumors of epithelial tissues and are malignant. Special Report on Diseases of Cattle Hence the tumors whose advance is associated with ulceration belong rather to the epithelial than the connective-tissue group. A System of Practical Medicine by American Authors, Vol. I Volume 1: Pathology and General Diseases 2012-03-17T02:00:54.097Z The breaking up of ordinary pus cells or lymphocytes does not appear to give rise to any such substances; but there is much evidence that the decomposition products of epithelial and epithelioid cells act chemiotactically. Histology of the Blood Normal and Pathological With regard to sense organs the epithelial papillae of the mantle have been mentioned. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 6, Slice 2 "Chicago, University of" to "Chiton" ADH also causes the epithelial cells lining the renal collecting tubules to move water channel proteins called aquaporins from the sides of the cells to the apical surface. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z The epidermis, cuticle, or scarf skin, is an epithelial structure, forming a protective covering to the corium. Special Report on Diseases of Cattle Its explanation is based upon the assumed inability of the larger epithelial cells of the cancer to pass through the lymph-glands; being detained, they serve as new centres of growth. A System of Practical Medicine by American Authors, Vol. I Volume 1: Pathology and General Diseases 2012-03-17T02:00:54.097Z Every single epithelial and muscular fibre-cell leads a sort of parasitical existence in relation to the rest of the body.... The Variation of Animals and Plants Under Domestication, Volume II (of 2) The cuticle, in some species very thick, contains numerous spicules which are long, hollow and calcified; they are secreted by epithelial papillae. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 6, Slice 2 "Chicago, University of" to "Chiton" It begins to form early in the embryo life as an epithelial ingrowth from the throat, and extends from the neck into the chest. Man And His Ancestor A Study In Evolution Type of various epithelial cells and associated tissues Carcinoma. Special Report on Diseases of Cattle There are consequently the connective-tissue group; that of tissues of higher function, as muscle, nerve, and vessels; and the epithelial group, in which the new formation of epithelium is the essential feature. A System of Practical Medicine by American Authors, Vol. I Volume 1: Pathology and General Diseases 2012-03-17T02:00:54.097Z Numerous degenerated epithelial cells are found in the fluid. Manual of Surgery Volume Second: Extremities—Head—Neck. Sixth Edition. This process naturally removes the solid impurities as dirt, hairs, epithelial scales and cells, also some of the casein, making what is known as centrifuge slime. Outlines of Dairy Bacteriology, 8th edition A Concise Manual for the Use of Students in Dairying The most constant fatty changes, replacement by oil of the material of epithelial cells and muscular fibres, though probably nearly universal, is most noticeable in the liver, the heart and the kidneys. Alcohol: A Dangerous and Unnecessary Medicine, How and Why What Medical Writers Say The sample she sent contained a large quantity of mucus, both threads and corpuscles; with a moderate number of epithelial scales, partly anal and partly intestinal. Intestinal Ills Chronic Constipation, Indigestion, Autogenetic Poisons, Diarrhea, Piles, Etc. Also Auto-Infection, Auto-Intoxication, Anemia, Emaciation, Etc. Due to Proctitis and Colitis A granular appearance may be regarded as an essential characteristic of protoplasm, and is an attribute of cells of epithelial origin as well as of those which belong to other groups of tissues. A System of Practical Medicine by American Authors, Vol. I Volume 1: Pathology and General Diseases 2012-03-17T02:00:54.097Z In reconstructing the nose it is necessary to provide skin, a supporting structure in the form of cartilage or bone, and an epithelial lining. Manual of Surgery Volume Second: Extremities—Head—Neck. Sixth Edition. The sebaceous ducts or glands, or both, become blocked up with retained secretion and epithelial cells. Essentials of Diseases of the Skin Including the Syphilodermata Arranged in the Form of Questions and Answers Prepared Especially for Students of Medicine Other methods such as injecting some substance under the bark, applying antiseptics, or some stimulating chemical in a similar way, as "Scarlet Red" is used in skin grafting to increase epithelial growth, may aid materially. Northern Nut Growers Association Report of the Proceedings at the Fourteenth Annual Meeting Washington D.C. September 26, 27 and 28 1923 An example of the first class is seen in the epithelial tissues. The World's Greatest Books — Volume 15 — Science The former are the wandering cells of the connective tissues, as well as the fixed variety, the epithelial cells of the surface of a mucous membrane in addition to the subjacent connective-tissue cells. A System of Practical Medicine by American Authors, Vol. I Volume 1: Pathology and General Diseases 2012-03-17T02:00:54.097Z It is then usually of a thin, watery character, and contains epithelial flakes and débris. Manual of Surgery Volume Second: Extremities—Head—Neck. Sixth Edition. They appear as pin-head-sized, whitish or grayish elevations, consisting of accumulations of epithelial matter about the apertures of the hair follicles. Essentials of Diseases of the Skin Including the Syphilodermata Arranged in the Form of Questions and Answers Prepared Especially for Students of Medicine The fluid finds its way between the epithelial cells in the deeper layers, apparently being taken into some of the superficial cells by imbibition. Glaucoma A Symposium Presented at a Meeting of the Chicago Ophthalmological Society, November 17, 1913 This consists of mucus, albumen, pus, hyaline casts of the uriniferous tubes, epithelial cells, blood, etc., mainly agents that belong to the class of colloid or noncrystalline bodies. Special Report on Diseases of the Horse The origin of mucus from epithelial cells under physiological and pathological conditions being apparent, it readily follows that the epithelioid cells of tumors might be supposed to be liable to a similar metamorphosis. A System of Practical Medicine by American Authors, Vol. I Volume 1: Pathology and General Diseases 2012-03-17T02:00:54.097Z Nor can any difference be discerned between the bioplasm matter of the lowest, simplest, epithelial scale of man's organism and that from which the nerve cells of his brain are to be evolved. Natural Law in the Spiritual World Pathologically the first change noted in the epidermis is thought to be an acanthosis, followed by epithelial atrophy, and a hyperkeratosis, intercellular edema, and colloid degeneration of the prickle cells. Essentials of Diseases of the Skin Including the Syphilodermata Arranged in the Form of Questions and Answers Prepared Especially for Students of Medicine In cases of long continued increase of tension minute permanent vesicles form in the epithelial layers, particularly in the superficial portion. Glaucoma A Symposium Presented at a Meeting of the Chicago Ophthalmological Society, November 17, 1913 It is made up of two layers—an inner, consisting of a layer of epithelial scales, and an outer, transparent, whitish, highly elastic, and perforated. Special Report on Diseases of the Horse In mucous tissue, however, there is present mucin, wholly independent of any epithelial degeneration. A System of Practical Medicine by American Authors, Vol. I Volume 1: Pathology and General Diseases 2012-03-17T02:00:54.097Z Crypts: minute secretory follicles or cavities: specifically, large gland- like structures between the epithelial cells in chylific ventricle. Explanation of Terms Used in Entomology It is an irregular structure, consisting of a very thin outer layer of mesoderm, lined with a single layer of flattened epithelial cells. Development of the Digestive Canal of the American Alligator Some of this fluid finds its way through Bowman's membrane, apparently by way of the minute channels which permit the passage of small nerve twigs, and enters the epithelial cell layer. Glaucoma A Symposium Presented at a Meeting of the Chicago Ophthalmological Society, November 17, 1913 It is made up of a fibrous framework and numerous round, ovoid, or cylindrical cavities, lined with masses of epithelial cells, which may be squeezed out as a fetid, caseous material. Special Report on Diseases of the Horse It may produce a smoky color of the urine, and the appearance in it of granular epithelial cells, with an increase of mucus, but no albumen. A System of Practical Medicine by American Authors, Vol. I Volume 1: Pathology and General Diseases 2012-03-17T02:00:54.097Z Ectoderm: the outer layer of skin: the outer layer of the blastoderm, giving rise to the nervous system and to epithelial structures of the body surface. Explanation of Terms Used in Entomology While its epithelial lining is not yet appreciably different from that of the oesophagus, its connective tissue wall is much thicker and shows numerous condensations, the rudiments of the cartilaginous rings. Development of the Digestive Canal of the American Alligator In all the epithelial tissues that we have considered we have one feature in common: they are cells, each equivalent to the amoeba, that have taken on special duties-- in a word, they are specialists. Text Book of Biology, Part 1: Vertebrata In lupus, epithelial tumors, ulcers, papillomata, angiomata and pruritus, it is being widely and successfully used. The Eugenic Marriage, Volume IV. (of IV.) A Personal Guide to the New Science of Better Living and Better Babies Microscopic examination of the urine shows the presence in this liquid of blood-corpuscles, granular epithelial cells, and hyaline or granular casts, or both. A System of Practical Medicine by American Authors, Vol. I Volume 1: Pathology and General Diseases 2012-03-17T02:00:54.097Z Tunica propria: a layer of epithelial cells and connective tissue lining the interior of the hind gut: the outer layer of the silk glands: a covering or investing membrane. Explanation of Terms Used in Entomology The epithelial layer also is thicker than in the oesophagus; it consists of tall columnar cells that, at places, are thrown into small folds, figure 7I. Development of the Digestive Canal of the American Alligator The space was crossed by a number of strands of connective tissue, and the cavity had no epithelial lining. Surgical Experiences in South Africa, 1899-1900 Being Mainly a Clinical Study of the Nature and Effects of Injuries Produced by Bullets of Small Calibre The funnel-shaped membranous process above noticed is continuous with the lining membrane, consisting of an extension of the same epithelial pavement; but the cells are somewhat larger and more regular in form. Journal of the Proceedings of the Linnean Society - Vol. 3 Zoology They never penetrate the epithelial layer, nor are they found in epithelial cells in any position. A System of Practical Medicine by American Authors, Vol. I Volume 1: Pathology and General Diseases 2012-03-17T02:00:54.097Z The resemblance is particularly strong if we compare the lower layer with the Hornblatt of the upper layer—both consist of epithelial tissue, and of its derivative, glandular tissue, and form neither vessels nor nerves. Form and Function A Contribution to the History of Animal Morphology Probably at first these multiplied directly in epithelial tissue, so that there was a rapid contagion of infection. Badge of Infamy Cases of retention, epithelial and dermoid cysts have been observed; and there are isolated reports of the finding of papillomata, fibromata, lipomata, myomata and adenomata. Bronchoscopy and Esophagoscopy A Manual of Peroral Endoscopy and Laryngeal Surgery The large pale cells that can be seen in this way are a variety of epithelial cells. Physiology and Hygiene for Secondary Schools In the first instance, it consists to a great extent of fibrin, the result either of epithelial changes or derived directly from the exuded blood-serum. A System of Practical Medicine by American Authors, Vol. I Volume 1: Pathology and General Diseases 2012-03-17T02:00:54.097Z Now between the upper or sensory layer and the lower or trophic layer there exists, in spite of their very different functions, a close histological likeness, for both are essentially epithelial layers. Form and Function A Contribution to the History of Animal Morphology Cyst-like spaces may form in the tumour by the accumulation of the secretion of the epithelial cells, or as a result of their degeneration—cystic carcinoma. Manual of Surgery Volume First: General Surgery. Sixth Edition. Many casts which are named hyaline, granular, epithelial and fatty. Mother's Remedies Over One Thousand Tried and Tested Remedies from Mothers of the United States and Canada The mucous membrane lining the mouth is, soft and smooth, being covered with flat epithelial cells. Physiology and Hygiene for Secondary Schools The secreted mucus assists in removing epithelial masses, and even fibrinous exudations, from the surface. A System of Practical Medicine by American Authors, Vol. I Volume 1: Pathology and General Diseases 2012-03-17T02:00:54.097Z The greatly increased discharge from the nose in a "cold in the head" is due to the exudation formed in the acutely inflamed tissue, and which readily passes through the thin epithelial covering. Disease and Its Causes The squamous epithelial cancer or epithelioma originates from a surface covered by squamous epithelium, such as the skin, or the mucous membrane of the mouth, gullet, or larynx. Manual of Surgery Volume First: General Surgery. Sixth Edition. The interstitial tissue is much increased; epithelial degeneration in the tubules extensive. Mother's Remedies Over One Thousand Tried and Tested Remedies from Mothers of the United States and Canada The mucous membrane lining the pharynx is smooth, like that of the mouth, being covered with a layer of flat epithelial cells. Physiology and Hygiene for Secondary Schools Formerly, some persons held the white granules to be leucocytes, but the greater number agree that they are mainly epithelial fragments. A System of Practical Medicine by American Authors, Vol. I Volume 1: Pathology and General Diseases 2012-03-17T02:00:54.097Z In such a disease as smallpox, where the localization is on the surface of the body, the organisms are contained in or on the thin epithelial scales which are constantly given off. Disease and Its Causes The columnar epithelial cancer or columnar epithelioma originates in mucous membranes covered with columnar epithelium, and is chiefly met with in the stomach and intestine. Manual of Surgery Volume First: General Surgery. Sixth Edition. This is for the reason of the intestinal refuse consisting not only of undigested food, but also of residues of the digestive juices, mucus and epithelial debris. The Chemistry of Food and Nutrition Work of Capillaries and Lacteals.—The capillaries and lacteals act as receivers of material as it passes through the layer of epithelial cells covering the mucous membrane. Physiology and Hygiene for Secondary Schools Soon, however, the macerated roof-wall yields, leaving a reddish floor where the mucous membrane is exposed, denuded of its epithelial layer or covered with a new tender and hyper�mic pellicle. A System of Practical Medicine by American Authors, Vol. I Volume 1: Pathology and General Diseases 2012-03-17T02:00:54.097Z The plain surface of the corium has now become broken up, and what is noticed is that the broken-up appearance is due to the epithelial cells irrupting and advancing en échelon into its connective tissue. Diseases of the Horse's Foot These are treated by dividing the scar, correcting the deformity, and filling up the gap with epithelial grafts, or with a flap of the whole thickness of the skin. Manual of Surgery Volume First: General Surgery. Sixth Edition. Meanwhile the pressure thus exerted on the nervi vasorum sets up vascular changes which bring about epithelial changes in more distant areas, the process advancing anteriorly, that is, in the direction of the arteries. Anomalies and Curiosities of Medicine The main tissues of the body, as ordinarily named, are the muscular tissue, the osseous tissue, the connective tissue, the nervous tissue, the adipose tissue, the cartilaginous tissue, and the epithelial and glandular tissue. Physiology and Hygiene for Secondary Schools The fetal and maternal placentas are made up of vascular villi and depressions that are separated only by the thin walls of capillaries, and a layer of epithelial cells. Common Diseases of Farm Animals The laminæ mostly show this branching as if a number of different growing points had arisen, each to take on a function similar to the epithelial process as it at first appeared. Diseases of the Horse's Foot The epithelial odontoma is derived from persistent portions of the epithelium of the enamel organ, and constitutes a multilocular cystic tumour which is chiefly met with in the mandible. Manual of Surgery Volume First: General Surgery. Sixth Edition. Warren pictures a case of noli-me-tangere, a destructive type of epithelial carcinoma. Anomalies and Curiosities of Medicine These are similar in structure, and they form the epidermis, which is one kind of epithelial tissue. Physiology and Hygiene for Secondary Schools The walls of the air cells are of extreme thinness, consisting of delicate elastic and connective tissue, and lined inside by a single layer of thin epithelial cells. A Practical Physiology Accompanying this elongation of the processes is a condensation of the epithelial cells immediately above the rete Malpighii, with a partial or total loss of their nuclei. Diseases of the Horse's Foot These tumours have been described by Eve under the name of multilocular cystic epithelial tumours of the jaw. Manual of Surgery Volume First: General Surgery. Sixth Edition. We find the first differentiation of epithelial and stinging cells, or of muscular and neural cells, in the thick ectoderm of the hydra. The Evolution of Man — Volume 2 The air passages are kept clean by cells especially adapted to this purpose, known as the ciliated epithelial cells. Physiology and Hygiene for Secondary Schools The epithelial cell membrane allows the water of the blood with certain salts in solution to pass, but rejects the albumen. A Practical Physiology It follows, therefore, that the hair follicles, really depressions or cul-de-sacs of the skin itself, are lined by epithelial cells and connective tissue. Diseases of the Horse's Foot The boundaries of the affected organ, moreover, are frequently transgressed by the disease, and the epithelial infiltration implicates the surrounding parts. Manual of Surgery Volume First: General Surgery. Sixth Edition. Three epithelial cells from the mucous lining of the tongue. The Evolution of Man — Volume 1 Here are found two kinds of cells in great abundance—column-shaped epithelial cells and the cells which are recognized as the sense organs of smell. Physiology and Hygiene for Secondary Schools But the delicate epithelial walls of the tubules through which it passes permit the inflow of urea and other waste products from the surrounding capillaries. A Practical Physiology Every single epithelial and muscular fibre-cell leads a sort of parasitical existence in relation to the rest of the body. Life and Habit Delicate hairs may also be found projecting from the epithelial lining of the cyst. Manual of Surgery Volume First: General Surgery. Sixth Edition. The epithelial cells are not arranged on any definite plan, but are closely packed in irregularly shaped alveoli. Manual of Surgery Volume First: General Surgery. Sixth Edition. It is covered with a layer of epithelial cells, some of which have small, hair-like projections and are known as the hair cells. Physiology and Hygiene for Secondary Schools Such a simple tissue is called an epithelium or surface-limiting tissue, and the cells are known as epithelial cells. A Practical Physiology If the cyst ruptures, the epithelial elements are diffused over the peritoneum, and may give rise to secondary dermoids. Manual of Surgery Volume First: General Surgery. Sixth Edition. Melanin pigment is formed in relation to the cells and stroma of certain epithelial tumours, giving rise to melanotic cancer, one of the most malignant of all new growths. Manual of Surgery Volume First: General Surgery. Sixth Edition. Even the fluid from a blister, in virtue of the isolated cells of the rete Malpighii which it contains, is capable of starting epithelial growth on a granulating surface. Manual of Surgery Volume First: General Surgery. Sixth Edition. Such islets may also be due to the accidental transference of loose epithelial cells from the edges. Manual of Surgery Volume First: General Surgery. Sixth Edition. The epithelial cells, from their shape, are known as squamous, columnar, glandular, or ciliated. A Practical Physiology The same is to a certain extent true of the epithelial cells covering the mucous membrane of the mouth, and those lining the air passages and air cells of the lungs. A Practical Physiology The varieties of cancer are distinguished according to the character and arrangement of the epithelial cells. Manual of Surgery Volume First: General Surgery. Sixth Edition. The second great division of the epithelial tissues consists of those whose cells are formed of highly active protoplasm, and are busily engaged in some sort of secretion. A Practical Physiology Examine with the microscope, and the irregularly formed epithelial cells will be seen. A Practical Physiology The epithelial structures may be divided, as to their functions, into two main divisions. A Practical Physiology Delicate, hair-like filaments, not unlike the pile on velvet, called cilia, spring from the epithelial lining of the air tubes. A Practical Physiology |
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