| 单词 | epiphysis |
| 例句 | The diaphysis contains compact bone surrounding a medullary cavity containing bone marrow On either end is an epiphysis containing cancellous or spongy bone. Fundamentals of Biology 2015-01-01T00:00:00Z The bone continues to grow and elongate as the cartilage cells at the epiphyses divide. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z A long bone has two parts: the diaphysis and the epiphysis. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z The epiphysis, or pineal body, is quite as degenerate as in mammals, although still forming a long stalk as in reptiles. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 3, Slice 7 "Bible" to "Bisectrix" 2010-12-20T17:12:05.780Z The caps, or epiphyses, at the end of the vertebral bodies are flattened disks, not uniting until after the animal has attained its full dimensions. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 5, Slice 7 "Cerargyrite" to "Charing Cross" The epiphyses also contain hyaline cartilage for forming joints with other bones. Fundamentals of Biology 2015-01-01T00:00:00Z In the last stage of prenatal bone development, the centers of the epiphyses begin to calcify. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z The epiphyseal plate is retained for many years, until the bone reaches its final, adult size, at which time the epiphyseal plate disappears and the epiphysis fuses to the diaphysis. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z The teeth are perfect, and not appreciably worn, while the epiphyses those infallible indications of the growing state, have just become consolidated, and mark the completion of adult age. Incidents of Travel in Yucatan, Vol. I. It is more common, is always pathological, and is nearly always a result of fracture of the lower end of the humerus or separation of the lower humeral epiphysis and subsequent interference with growth. Manual of Surgery Volume Second: Extremities—Head—Neck. Sixth Edition. This area of the inferior end of the bone is labeled the epiphysis. Fundamentals of Biology 2015-01-01T00:00:00Z The epiphyseal plate fades, leaving a structure called the epiphyseal line or epiphyseal remnant, and the epiphysis and diaphysis fuse. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z The epiphyseal plate is then completely replaced by bone, and the diaphysis and epiphysis portions of the bone fuse together to form a single adult bone. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z The skeleton, which was young, as the epiphyses were not united, lay on its left side, facing east, the head north. El Kab It is important to remember, however, that in a radiogram an un-united epiphysis may simulate a fracture. Manual of Surgery Volume Second: Extremities—Head—Neck. Sixth Edition. The superior end of the diaphysis is connected to the epiphysis. Fundamentals of Biology 2015-01-01T00:00:00Z The epiphyses of bones, such as the neck of the femur, are subject to stress from many directions. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z These chondrocytes do not participate in bone growth but secure the epiphyseal plate to the osseous tissue of the epiphysis. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z Specially in children, it is of great importance to avoid removing the whole epiphysis. A Manual of the Operations of Surgery For the Use of Senior Students, House Surgeons, and Junior Practitioners The deformity may also be due to rickets which has caused a backward bend of the tibia immediately below its upper epiphysis—sometimes combined with an exaggerated forward curve of the femur. Manual of Surgery Volume Second: Extremities—Head—Neck. Sixth Edition. The epiphysis of the femur is roughly hexagonal in shape. Fundamentals of Biology 2015-01-01T00:00:00Z Secondary ossification centers form in the epiphyses as blood vessels and osteoblasts enter these areas and convert hyaline cartilage into spongy bone. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z This begins as a primary ossification center in the diaphysis, followed by the later appearance of one or more secondary ossifications centers in the regions of the epiphyses. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z There is less risk of exfoliation, the cancellated texture of the epiphysis not being liable to it. A Manual of the Operations of Surgery For the Use of Senior Students, House Surgeons, and Junior Practitioners The limb usually becomes flexed and adducted, and a swelling forms in front of the joint at the upper part of Scarpa's triangle; the upper femoral epiphysis may be separated and furnish a sequestrum. Manual of Surgery Volume Second: Extremities—Head—Neck. Sixth Edition. The internal anatomy of the epiphysis is revealed. Fundamentals of Biology 2015-01-01T00:00:00Z The cells, which are pushed from the epiphysis, mature and are destroyed by calcification. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z The epiphyses, which are wider sections at each end of a long bone, are filled with spongy bone and red marrow. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z Tibial epiphysis: a movable process attached near the base of the inner side of the anterior tibia in many Lepidoptera. Explanation of Terms Used in Entomology It occurs most frequently in strong adults after the epiphyses have ossified, and before the bones have commenced to become brittle; and it is much more common in men than in women. Manual of Surgery Volume Second: Extremities—Head—Neck. Sixth Edition. The centra of the rabbit have epiphyses, absent in the dogfish and frog. Text Book of Biology, Part 1: Vertebrata This was no doubt due to the infrequency of extension of the comminuted fractures beyond the junction of diaphysis and epiphysis. Surgical Experiences in South Africa, 1899-1900 Being Mainly a Clinical Study of the Nature and Effects of Injuries Produced by Bullets of Small Calibre This plate is located between the diaphysis and each epiphysis. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z Bones formed entirely in cartilage are exempt, namely, the tarsal and carpal bones, the epiphyses of the long bones, the sternum, and the bodies of the vertebræ. Manual of Surgery Volume First: General Surgery. Sixth Edition. It may result also from fracture or from separation of one of the epiphyses in the region of the knee, or from cicatricial contraction of the quadriceps. Manual of Surgery Volume Second: Extremities—Head—Neck. Sixth Edition. These epiphyses to the vertebral bodies occur only among mammals, and are even absent in some cases within the class. Text Book of Biology, Part 1: Vertebrata So long as the epiphyses are distinct from the bones, the growth of the animal is proceeding, but it ceases so soon as the consolidation is complete. Sketches of the Natural History of Ceylon Like the primary ossification center, secondary ossification centers are present during endochondral ossification, but they form later, and there are two of them, one in each epiphysis. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z In the acute arthritis of infants, the epiphysis concerned may be separated and displaced. Manual of Surgery Volume First: General Surgery. Sixth Edition. If the displaced epiphysis is imperfectly reduced, serious interference with the movements of the elbow is liable to ensue, and may call for operative treatment. Manual of Surgery Volume Second: Extremities—Head—Neck. Sixth Edition. Lower extremity of right femur, with the epiphysis separated, showing its correspondence in age with the animals to which the fossil jaws belonged. Three Expeditions into the Interior of Eastern Australia, Volume 2 Development.—The os pedis ossifies from two centres, one of which is for the articular surface; but this epiphysis fuses with the rest of the bone before birth. Diseases of the Horse's Foot It is interesting to note that poise, mental equilibrium, is not established until physical growth ceases, marked by a cessation of growth of the long bones known as ossification of the epiphyses. The Glands Regulating Personality The articular aspect of the epiphysis is invested with a thick layer of hyaline cartilage, known as the articular cartilage, which would appear to be mainly nourished from the synovia. Manual of Surgery Volume First: General Surgery. Sixth Edition. Sometimes the separated epiphysis fails to unite, and although this gives rise to no disability, it is liable to lead to errors in the interpretation of skiagrams. Manual of Surgery Volume Second: Extremities—Head—Neck. Sixth Edition. Separation of the upper epiphysis of the tibia, which includes the tongue-like process for the tubercle and the facet for the fibula, is also rare. Manual of Surgery Volume Second: Extremities—Head—Neck. Sixth Edition. The displacement of the epiphysis is almost always forward or lateral, and is accompanied by the usual signs of such lesions. Manual of Surgery Volume Second: Extremities—Head—Neck. Sixth Edition. Up to the seventeenth year, the epiphysis, which is entirely intra-articular, may be separated. Manual of Surgery Volume Second: Extremities—Head—Neck. Sixth Edition. Separation and displacement of the epiphysis usually reveals itself by an alteration in the attitude of the limb; it is nearly always associated with suppuration in the adjacent joint. Manual of Surgery Volume First: General Surgery. Sixth Edition. Up to the age of seventeen or eighteen the epiphysis of the epicondyle may be separated. Manual of Surgery Volume Second: Extremities—Head—Neck. Sixth Edition. Tuberculous foci in the bones are met with chiefly in the lower end of the diaphysis of the humerus; in children, the epiphyses are so small that the ossifying junction is intra-articular. Manual of Surgery Volume Second: Extremities—Head—Neck. Sixth Edition. Injuries in the region of the upper epiphysis resulting in loss of movement, may, in the absence of a reliable history, be mistaken for tuberculous disease. Manual of Surgery Volume Second: Extremities—Head—Neck. Sixth Edition. The fractures in this region include Pott's fracture, and its converse; separation of the lower epiphysis of the tibia; fractures of the talus, calcaneus, and other tarsal bones; and fractures of the metatarsals and phalanges. Manual of Surgery Volume Second: Extremities—Head—Neck. Sixth Edition. In the upper limb the more active epiphyses are at the shoulder and wrist, and these also are the last to unite. Manual of Surgery Volume First: General Surgery. Sixth Edition. In children it is often difficult to distinguish between a sprain and the partial separation of an epiphysis. Manual of Surgery Volume Second: Extremities—Head—Neck. Sixth Edition. When the epiphysis is displaced to one side, the deformity is characteristic. Manual of Surgery Volume Second: Extremities—Head—Neck. Sixth Edition. The immunity from dislocation which the joints of young subjects enjoy is partly due to the ease with which an adjacent epiphysis is separated. Manual of Surgery Volume Second: Extremities—Head—Neck. Sixth Edition. In children the epiphyses are separated, and in old people the bones are broken by such forms of violence as cause dislocation in the middle-aged. Manual of Surgery Volume Second: Extremities—Head—Neck. Sixth Edition. Deformity may also result from vicious union of a pathological fracture, permanent displacement of an epiphysis, contracture, ankylosis, or dislocation of the adjacent joint. Manual of Surgery Volume First: General Surgery. Sixth Edition. Separation of the epiphysis and fracture of the medial epicondyle are treated on the same lines as supra-condylar fracture. Manual of Surgery Volume Second: Extremities—Head—Neck. Sixth Edition. It differs from the other injuries in this region in being more easily reduced and retained in position, the epiphysis lying entirely within the limits of the articular capsule of the sterno-clavicular joint. Manual of Surgery Volume Second: Extremities—Head—Neck. Sixth Edition. Dislocation is rare at the age when separation of the epiphysis occurs. Manual of Surgery Volume Second: Extremities—Head—Neck. Sixth Edition. Thus, unnatural mobility at an epiphysial junction may closely resemble movement at the adjacent joint, especially when the epiphysis is an intra-capsular one. Manual of Surgery Volume Second: Extremities—Head—Neck. Sixth Edition. Sometimes the separated and displaced epiphysis dies and constitutes a sequestrum. Manual of Surgery Volume First: General Surgery. Sixth Edition. In young persons the epiphysis of the great trochanter may be separated, but this is rare. Manual of Surgery Volume Second: Extremities—Head—Neck. Sixth Edition. The epiphysis at the lower end of the femur may be displaced into the ham and press on the popliteal vessels. Manual of Surgery Volume Second: Extremities—Head—Neck. Sixth Edition. Treatment.—The general principles which govern the treatment of fractures apply equally to epiphysial separations, the essential being the accurate replacement of the epiphysis. Manual of Surgery Volume Second: Extremities—Head—Neck. Sixth Edition. When close to the sternal end, this fracture may simulate a dislocation of the sterno-clavicular joint or a separation of the clavicular epiphysis. Manual of Surgery Volume Second: Extremities—Head—Neck. Sixth Edition. The epiphyses are nourished by a separate system of blood vessels, derived from the arteries which supply the adjacent joint. Manual of Surgery Volume First: General Surgery. Sixth Edition. Separation of the lower epiphysis is a comparatively common injury. Manual of Surgery Volume Second: Extremities—Head—Neck. Sixth Edition. In young subjects before the bones are fully developed the epiphyses may be separated from the diaphyses. Manual of Surgery Volume Second: Extremities—Head—Neck. Sixth Edition. They do not occur after twenty-five, because by that time all the epiphyses have united. Manual of Surgery Volume Second: Extremities—Head—Neck. Sixth Edition. Morbid Anatomy.—In a true separation the epiphysial cartilage remains attached to the epiphysis. Manual of Surgery Volume Second: Extremities—Head—Neck. Sixth Edition. When the epiphysis is intra-articular, as, for example, in the head of the femur, the pus when it reaches the surface of the bone necessarily erupts directly into the joint. Manual of Surgery Volume First: General Surgery. Sixth Edition. It is seldom pure, a portion of the diaphysis usually being broken off and remaining attached to the epiphysis. Manual of Surgery Volume Second: Extremities—Head—Neck. Sixth Edition. It is not uncommon for more than one epiphysis to be separated by the same accident—for example, the lower end of the femur and the upper ends of the tibia and fibula. Manual of Surgery Volume Second: Extremities—Head—Neck. Sixth Edition. In compound separations of epiphysis, the end of the diaphysis may be pushed through the skin. Manual of Surgery Volume Second: Extremities—Head—Neck. Sixth Edition. Injuries of these epiphyses, therefore, are most liable to interfere with the growth of the limb. Manual of Surgery Volume Second: Extremities—Head—Neck. Sixth Edition. In paralysed limbs the growth from the epiphyses is usually little short of the normal. Manual of Surgery Volume First: General Surgery. Sixth Edition. The medial and lateral dislocations are generally incomplete, and are liable to be mistaken for separation of the lower epiphysis of the femur. Manual of Surgery Volume Second: Extremities—Head—Neck. Sixth Edition. An epiphysis is nourished from the articular arteries and through the vessels of the periosteum. Manual of Surgery Volume Second: Extremities—Head—Neck. Sixth Edition. Muscular action occasionally produces separation of the epiphyses—for example, the anterior superior iliac spine, the small trochanter of the femur, or the upper end of the fibula. Manual of Surgery Volume Second: Extremities—Head—Neck. Sixth Edition. In young subjects, for example, epiphysial lines may be mistaken for fractures, or the ossifying centres of epiphyses for separated fragments of bone. Manual of Surgery Volume Second: Extremities—Head—Neck. Sixth Edition. Separation of an epiphysis nearly always results in infection and destruction of the adjacent joint. Manual of Surgery Volume First: General Surgery. Sixth Edition. Islands of cartilage appear in the epiphysis of the head of the femur, and the epiphysis itself becomes flattened without involvement of the articular surface or of the acetabulum. Manual of Surgery Volume Second: Extremities—Head—Neck. Sixth Edition. Separation of the lower epiphysis of the humerus is met with in children of three or four years of age, but it may occur up to the thirteenth or fourteenth year. Manual of Surgery Volume Second: Extremities—Head—Neck. Sixth Edition. The more common lesion, however, is a combination of separated epiphysis with fracture, and this lesion is produced by the same forms of violence as cause supra-condylar fracture. Manual of Surgery Volume Second: Extremities—Head—Neck. Sixth Edition. Between the fourteenth and twenty-second years a true separation of the epiphysis may be met with, but it is seldom possible to make a positive diagnosis of this injury. Manual of Surgery Volume Second: Extremities—Head—Neck. Sixth Edition. The infection may spread to the adjacent joint, either directly through the epiphysis and articular cartilage, or along the deep layer of the periosteum and its continuation—the capsular ligament. Manual of Surgery Volume First: General Surgery. Sixth Edition. A sprain is to be diagnosed from separation of one or other of the adjacent epiphyses, fracture involving the articular ends of the bones, and displacement of the semilunar menisci. Manual of Surgery Volume Second: Extremities—Head—Neck. Sixth Edition. Separation of Epiphysis.—The upper epiphysis of the humerus includes the head, both tuberosities, and the upper fourth of the inter-tubercular groove. Manual of Surgery Volume Second: Extremities—Head—Neck. Sixth Edition. When the epiphysis is displaced upwards and unites in this position, it may interfere with complete extension of the elbow. Manual of Surgery Volume Second: Extremities—Head—Neck. Sixth Edition. This injury has to be diagnosed from supra-condylar fracture with backward displacement of the lower fragment and from separation of the lower humeral epiphysis. Manual of Surgery Volume Second: Extremities—Head—Neck. Sixth Edition. When there is marked rarefaction of the bone at the ossifying junction, the epiphysis is liable to be separated—epiphysiolysis. Manual of Surgery Volume First: General Surgery. Sixth Edition. Separation of the lower epiphysis of the tibia is not common. Manual of Surgery Volume Second: Extremities—Head—Neck. Sixth Edition. The epiphysis, especially in young children, may be separated without being displaced, or the displacement may be incomplete. Manual of Surgery Volume Second: Extremities—Head—Neck. Sixth Edition. The term epiphysitis has been applied to an inflammatory process in two distinct situations—namely, the ossifying nucleus in the epiphysis, and the ossifying junction or metaphysis between the epiphysial cartilage and the diaphysis. Manual of Surgery Volume First: General Surgery. Sixth Edition. The skiagram may also show separation and displacement of the adjacent epiphysis and destruction of the articular surfaces or dislocation of the joint. Manual of Surgery Volume First: General Surgery. Sixth Edition. The separation usually takes place through the young bone of the ossifying junction, and the surfaces of the diaphysis and epiphysis are opposed to each other by irregular eroded surfaces bathed in pus. Manual of Surgery Volume First: General Surgery. Sixth Edition. |
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