| 单词 | epicycle |
| 例句 | According to the Ptolemaic system, it travelled on a large epicycle, which brought it sometimes closer to and sometimes further from the Earth. The Invention of Science 2015-09-17T00:00:00Z That context was the discussion of Ptolemaic epicycles. The Invention of Science 2015-09-17T00:00:00Z Different hypotheses might produce the same result: for example an eccentric circle will generate exactly the same movement as an epicycle upon a deferent. The Invention of Science 2015-09-17T00:00:00Z The system did away with epicycles and deferents, and it explained why the motion of the Sun was mixed up with the motion of the planets. The Scientists 2003-10-21T00:00:00Z For them epicycles were useful fictions which made computation of the position of the planets possible. The Invention of Science 2015-09-17T00:00:00Z Clavius was wrong—there are no eccentrics and epicycles—but he was right to claim that he could predict the future movements of the heavenly bodies with a high degree of reliability. The Invention of Science 2015-09-17T00:00:00Z Planets would seem to zoom backward as Earth overtook them; no epicycles were needed. Zero: The Biography of a Dangerous Idea 2000-02-07T00:00:00Z First, that each planet, plus the Sun and Moon, had to be treated separately in the model, with its own offset from the Earth and its own epicycles. The Scientists 2003-10-21T00:00:00Z One day we may discover that some of our most cherished forms of knowledge are as obsolete as epicycles, phlogiston, caloric, the electromagnetic aether and, indeed, Newtonian physics. The Invention of Science 2015-09-17T00:00:00Z Thus both Copernicus and Francis Bacon wrote of astronomers ‘feigning’ eccentrics and epicycles—they meant these are imaginary entities. The Invention of Science 2015-09-17T00:00:00Z They took their observations of planetary movement to be good evidence for the reality of epicycles. The Invention of Science 2015-09-17T00:00:00Z But you still had to have the Moon orbiting around the Earth, and you still needed epicycles to explain why the planets seem to slow down and speed up in their orbits. The Scientists 2003-10-21T00:00:00Z The problem for Kepler was that circles, eccentrics and epicycles were geometrical constructions; there was no evidence that any such gearing existed in the heavens. The Invention of Science 2015-09-17T00:00:00Z To account for the planets’ bizarre behavior, Ptolemy added epicycles to his planetary clockwork: little circles within circles could explain the backward, or retrograde, motion of the planets. Zero: The Biography of a Dangerous Idea 2000-02-07T00:00:00Z The argument itself was not new: it had already been formulated in the debate between Averroists and their opponents over the reality of epicycles. The Invention of Science 2015-09-17T00:00:00Z According to the Aristotelian philosophers, epicycles ought not really to exist: all movement in the heavens ought to be circular movement around the centre of the universe. The Invention of Science 2015-09-17T00:00:00Z This geocentric model, based on combinations of uniform circular motion using epicycles, was accepted as authority for more than a thousand years. Astronomy 2016-10-13T00:00:00Z The self-sealing dynamic can produce even more elaborate epicycles to resist falsification. The Lab-Leak Hypothesis Made It Harder for Scientists to Seek the Truth 2022-02-18T05:00:00Z After all, the geocentric Ptolemaic theory of epicycles was mathematically appealing and its framework was broad enough to describe the motion of all planets on the sky. Beware of 'Theories of Everything' 2020-06-09T04:00:00Z A classic example is the mathematically sophisticated Ptolemaic theory of epicycles for describing the motion of planets, as compared to the simpler Newtonian alternative. The Simple Truth about Physics 2020-01-01T05:00:00Z But projecting simple consciousness, in my view, actually contributes to an elegant solution to the mind-body problem which removes all the “epicycles” generated by physicalism and dualism—just like heliocentrism did to geocentrism. Beyond Physicalism 2019-12-15T05:00:00Z Ptolemy solved the problem of explaining the observed motions of planets by having each planet revolve in a small orbit called an epicycle. Astronomy 2016-10-13T00:00:00Z For centuries, astronomers thought that Earth was at the centre of the Universe, and explained Mars’s motion by suggesting that planets moved in small circles, called epicycles, in the celestial sphere. AI Copernicus ‘discovers’ that Earth orbits the Sun 2019-11-06T05:00:00Z Ptolemy fitted observations of the motions of the stars to a geocentric model of the cosmos, with complex epicycles to explain the retrograde motions of the planets. Quantum machine learning : Nature : Nature Research 2017-09-12T04:00:00Z Recall the epicycles, the imaginary circles that Ptolemy used and formalized around A.D. A Crisis at the Edge of Physics 2015-06-05T04:00:00Z After all, the ancient geocentric universe of Ptolemy was able to account for the observed motion of the sun, moon and planets by using the complicated motion of epicycles—circles embedded within circles. How the Geocentric Model of the Universe Worked [Video] 2014-01-21T12:00:00Z When the planet is at y, however, its motion is in the direction opposite to the motion of the epicycle’s center around Earth. Astronomy 2016-10-13T00:00:00Z To help out of this difficulty, the worst possible mechanical scheme was invented, that known as the epicycle. Astronomy: The Science of the Heavenly Bodies 2012-03-17T02:01:02.630Z Now must "the Spirit of God move upon the face of the waters"; then through vast and to us immeasurable periods of time, through cycle and epicycle, the work of organization will go on. Know the Truth; A critique of the Hamiltonian Theory of Limitation 2011-10-29T02:00:13.723Z Are superstrings and the multiverse, painstakingly theorized by hundreds of brilliant scientists, anything more than modern-day epicycles? A Crisis at the Edge of Physics 2015-06-05T04:00:00Z The real planet moved upon a smaller circle called the “epicycle” whose center was the moving point representing the imaginary planet. Astronomical Lore in Chaucer 2011-10-13T02:00:42.860Z Each epicycle orbits on a larger circle called the deferent. Astronomy 2016-10-13T00:00:00Z The relevant question is: Do we keep adding epicycles to the faltering aged paradigm, or do we seek a revolutionary new paradigm? A Higgs Setback: Did Stephen Hawking Just Win the Most Outrageous Bet in Physics History? 2011-08-24T15:45:06.207Z The next advance was made by Kepler, who overthrew at one blow all the excentrics and epicycles of the ancients, when by his laborious calculations he proved the ellipticity of the orbit of Mars. Astronomical Myths Based on Flammarions's History of the Heavens 2011-06-24T02:00:15.873Z That point formed the centre of a second and smaller circle, called an epicycle, and the actual planet was supposed to revolve with uniform motion round the circumference of the epicycle. The New Gresham Encyclopedia Volume 4, Part 2: Ebert to Estremadura 2011-04-14T02:00:56.200Z He uses the word ‘epicycle’ only once in all his works. Astronomical Lore in Chaucer 2011-10-13T02:00:42.860Z Each planet orbits around a small circle called an epicycle. Astronomy 2016-10-13T00:00:00Z For some used only homocentric circles; others, eccentrics and epicycles, which on being questioned about, they themselves did not fully comprehend. The gradual acceptance of the Copernican theory of the universe 2011-04-03T02:00:15.847Z Later, I turn the lunar heaven until I bring the center of the lunar epicycle to the same level. The Borghesi Astronomical Clock in the Museum of History and Technology Contributions from the Museum of History and Technology, Paper 35, the Smithsonian Institution United States National Museum Bulletin 240 The cycles and epicycles of the Ptolemaic astronomers were imperfect hypotheses, but they were stages on which the mind could rest for a more complete examination of the celestial phenomena. Bunyan Later investigators complicated the system by adding further secondary imaginary planets, revolving in Ptolemy’s epicycles and with the actual planets attached to additional corresponding epicycles. Astronomical Lore in Chaucer 2011-10-13T02:00:42.860Z With his theory, he was able to explain the complex retrograde motions of the planets without epicycles and to work out a roughly correct scale for the solar system. Astronomy 2016-10-13T00:00:00Z Besides this, we get rid entirely of epicycles in representing the motions of the planets and what is taught concerning the motion of trepidation in the eighth sphere vanishes. The gradual acceptance of the Copernican theory of the universe 2011-04-03T02:00:15.847Z In the middle of this, that is, in some point equally removed from the poles, you place the center of the lunar epicycle, movable also by the common rotation of the lunar heaven. The Borghesi Astronomical Clock in the Museum of History and Technology Contributions from the Museum of History and Technology, Paper 35, the Smithsonian Institution United States National Museum Bulletin 240 Even the "how" took a long time—all the time of the Greeks, through Ptolemy, the Arabs, Copernicus, Tycho: circular motion, epicycles, and excentrics had been the prevailing theory. Pioneers of Science The eighth sphere had neither deferent nor epicycle but to it were attached the fixed stars. Astronomical Lore in Chaucer 2011-10-13T02:00:42.860Z But more recent discoveries brought to light discrepancies and difficulties which were explained away by adding epicycle to epicycle. The Astronomy of Milton's 'Paradise Lost' In order to explain the irregular movements of the planets, “epicycles” or smaller spheres borne by the principal spheres, and bearing the planets, were devised, but these need not be considered here. Dante: His Times and His Work With centric and eccentric scribbled o'er, Cycle and epicycle, orb in orb. Familiar Quotations A Collection of Passages, Phrases, and Proverbs Traced to Their Sources in Ancient and Modern Literature Now you are not to suppose that the system of Copernicus swept away the entire doctrine of epicycles; that doctrine can hardly be said to be swept away even now. Pioneers of Science The attempt to explain the moon’s motion by supposing her to move in an epicycle was hopelessly wrong. Astronomical Lore in Chaucer 2011-10-13T02:00:42.860Z He was therefore compelled to retain the use of cycles and epicycles, in order to account for irregularities in the uniformly circular motions of those bodies. The Astronomy of Milton's 'Paradise Lost' All these principles are violated in the theories of the epicycle and eccentric, especially the first. A History of Mediaeval Jewish Philosophy Epicycle upon epicycle of subsidiary hypothesis will have to be invoked to give to the discrepant terms a temporary appearance of squaring with each other; but at last even this resource will fail. The Will to Believe : and Other Essays in Popular Philosophy To explain it in any way on mathematical principles needed a most complicated array of cycles and epicycles. Great Men and Famous Women. Vol. 3 A series of pen and pencil sketches of the lives of more than 200 of the most prominent personages in History I.—Ah, there are you too—to use your expression or Montaigne’s—perched on the epicycle of Mercury, and eyeing the various pantomimes of the human race. Diderot and the Encyclopædists Volume II. He was also a master of the theory of epicycles and eccentrics. The Legacy of Greece Essays By: Gilbert Murray, W. R. Inge, J. Burnet, Sir T. L. Heath, D'arcy W. Thompson, Charles Singer, R. W. Livingston, A. Toynbee, A. E. Zimmern, Percy Gardner, Sir Reginald Blomfield For the epicycle is a sphere which changes place in the circumference of the large sphere. A History of Mediaeval Jewish Philosophy Our widest axioms explain many phenomena, but so too in a degree did the principles or elements of the old philosophers, and the cycles and epicycles of ancient astronomy. Morals and Dogma of the Ancient and Accepted Scottish Rite of Freemasonry Here Ptolemy weaves his cycles and epicycles, and here Gensachar tracks the planets' courses with his figures and charts. The Great Book-Collectors The justice of God the Father is tempered by the mercy of God the Son, as the planet wheeled too far forward by the cycle is brought back to its place by the epicycle. Prose Masterpieces from Modern Essayists But the cycles and epicycles which Ptolemy devised, and by means of which he explained, as well as he knew how, the movements of the heavenly bodies around us, these have passed away. Our Unitarian Gospel He will then "gird the sphere With centric and eccentric scribbled o'er, Cycle and epicycle, orb in orb," happy in his immunity. Essays on the work entitled "Supernatural Religion" "Build, unbuild, contrive To save appearances, to gird the sphere With centric and eccentric scribbled o'er, Cycle and epicycle, orb in orb." St. Nicholas Magazine for Boys and Girls, Vol. 5, Nov 1877-Nov 1878 No 1, Nov 1877 But we must content ourselves with referring to the theory of eccentrics and epicycles, as a further marked illustration of it. Essays on Education and Kindred Subjects Everyman's Library We believe in no serpent, turtle, or elephant supporting the world; no Atlas holding up the heavens; no crystal domes, "with cycles and epicycles scribbled o'er." Recreations in Astronomy With Directions for Practical Experiments and Telescopic Work The geocentric system of astronomy, with its eccentrics and its epicycles, was an hypothesis utterly at variance with fact, which nevertheless did great things for the advancement of astronomical knowledge. The Advance of Science in the Last Half-Century It is not much; and we should remember that there are cycles and epicycles; and that Japan, or old China herself, within our own lifetime, may give the lie to everything. The Crest-Wave of Evolution A Course of Lectures in History, Given to the Graduates' Class in the Raja-Yoga College, Point Loma, in the College-Year 1918-19 For some employ concentric circles only; others, eccentric circles and epicycles; and even by these means they do not completely attain the desired end. Prefaces and Prologues to Famous Books with Introductions, Notes and Illustrations This he called the evection, and introduced another epicycle to represent it. Kepler We have an instance of such an epicycle in the philosophy of Fichte and Schelling, crowned by Hegel's caricature of it. Essays of Schopenhauer Earth is the masculine element, sea the feminine; and all the cycles and epicycles of organic nature have resulted from these two. Sketches from Concord and Appledore Although in frequent correspondence with Kepler, he never alluded to the New Astronomy, and wrote to him extolling the virtue of epicycles. History of Astronomy “With centric and concentric scribbled o’erCycle and epicycle orb in orb.” Modern Broods But the great minds, who really bring the race further on its course do not accompany it on the epicycles it makes from time to time. The Essays of Arthur Schopenhauer; Religion, a Dialogue, Etc. This epicycle issued from the limit to which philosophy had been finally brought by Kant, where I myself took it up again later to carry it further. Essays of Schopenhauer The theories of eccentrics and epicycles accomplished the end of explaining all the known phenomena. Beacon Lights of History, Volume 03 Ancient Achievements The centres of the epicycles of Mars, Jupiter, and Saturn were supposed to be further away than the sun. History of Astronomy The ancients assumed all heavenly motion to be circular of necessity, and where facts gave against them, they patched the matter up with an epicycle or two. The Faith of the Millions (2nd series) An instance of such an epicycle is the philosophy started by Fichte and Schelling, and crowned by Hegel's caricature of it. The Essays of Arthur Schopenhauer; Religion, a Dialogue, Etc. The theory of eccentrics and epicycles accomplished the end of explaining all the known phenomena. The Old Roman World, : the Grandeur and Failure of Its Civilization. But he combined with this determination a theory of epicycles and eccentrics which modern astronomy discards. Beacon Lights of History, Volume 03 Ancient Achievements He improved the lunar theory considerably, and discovered minor inequalities which could be allowed for by the addition of new epicycles. History of Astronomy Are not hysteria, hypnotism, and thought-transference of the nature of epicycles? The Faith of the Millions (2nd series) This epicycle was a deviation from the limit to which philosophy had been ultimately brought by Kant; and at that point I took it up again afterwards, to carry it further. The Essays of Arthur Schopenhauer; Religion, a Dialogue, Etc. But he combined, with this determination, a theory of epicycles and eccentrics, which modern astronomy discards. The Old Roman World, : the Grandeur and Failure of Its Civilization. Hence came the "Cycle on epicycle, orb on orb," by which they sought to account for the phenomena which they observed. Story of Creation as Told By Theology and By Science He adopted the epicycles and deferents which had been used by Apollonius and others to explain the retrograde motions of the planets. History of Astronomy Indeed, it is remarkable that he introduced an epicycle which was not considered necessary by Ptolemy in order to represent the inequalities in the motions of the planets around the sun. Side-Lights on Astronomy and Kindred Fields of Popular Science The fourth one in order is the yearly revolution which includes the earth with the moon's orbit as an epicycle. A History of Science — Volume 2 The Almagest treats of all manner of astronomical problems, but the feature of it which gained it widest celebrity was perhaps that which has to do with eccentrics and epicycles. A History of Science — Volume 1 He adopted the theory of epicycles and eccentrics, a geometrical conception for the purpose of resolving the apparent motions of the heavenly bodies on the principle of circular movement. History of the Conflict Between Religion and Science We may look upon these epicycles of Apollonius, and the excentric of Hipparchus, as the responses of these astronomers to the demand of Plato for uniform circular motions. History of Astronomy He also discovered other lunar equalities, and wanted to add another epicycle to the moon’s orbit, but he feared that these would soon become unmanageable if further observations showed more new inequalities. History of Astronomy Thus he records the planetary orbits as circular, and explains their eccentricities by resorting to the theory of epicycles, quite after the Ptolemaic method. A History of Science — Volume 2 That is to say, these astronomers probably did not conceive either the epicycles or the greater spheres as constituting actual solid substances. A History of Science — Volume 1 Ptolemy supposed the centres of the epicycles of Mercury and Venus to be on a bar passing through the sun, and to be between the earth and the sun. History of Astronomy Mercury and Venus were supposed to revolve in their epicycles in their own periodic times and in the deferent round the earth in a year. History of Astronomy It did not occur to Ptolemy to place the centres of the epicycles of Mercury and Venus at the sun, and to extend the same system to the major planets. History of Astronomy The planets move in a similar way on epicycles, but their deferents have no geometrical or physical relation to the sun. History of Astronomy As new irregularities of motion of the sun, moon, and planetary bodies were pointed out, new epicycles were invented. A History of Science — Volume 1 The moon moves on an epicycle centred on a second epicycle, itself centred on a deferent, excentric to the earth. History of Astronomy The major planets were supposed to revolve in the deferent round the earth in their own periodic times, and in their epicycles once in a year. History of Astronomy In now taking leave of the system of epicycles let it be remarked that it has been held up to ridicule more than it deserves. History of Astronomy The epicycles represented nothing more nor less than the first terms in the Fourier series, which in the last century has become a basis of such calculations, both in astronomy and physics generally. History of Astronomy Eudoxus gave the conception greater tangibility, and may be considered as the father of this doctrine of wheels—epicycles, as they came to be called. A History of Science — Volume 1 It is true that neither the Pythagorean nor the Egypto-Tychonic system required epicycles for explaining retrograde motion, as the Ptolemaic theory did. History of Astronomy Such was the theory advanced by Copernicus: The earth moves in an epicycle, on a deferent whose centre is a little distance from the sun. History of Astronomy To correct for these irregularities Copernicus introduced epicycle on epicycle in the lunar orbit. History of Astronomy As has been already stated, his successor, Tycho Brahe, supported the same use of epicycles and excentrics as Copernicus, though he held the earth to be fixed. History of Astronomy |
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