| 单词 | Eocene |
| 例句 | Fossils of these ancients have been found dating from the Cretaceous era while in the Eocene and Miocene they were spread over England and Europe and America. Travels with Charley in Search of America 1962-01-01T00:00:00Z Archie wanted to discuss the Eocene skull he was holding, but all the others could talk about was the game. Stargirl 2000-08-08T00:00:00Z What I thought might just be a liquorice allsort was, in fact, a fish palate from the Eocene period, 55m years ago. Experience: I mudlarked a skull 2019-03-22T04:00:00Z The cathedral’s building blocks are Lutetian limestone, unique to this part of France, formed in a shallow sea during the Eocene period about 45 million years ago. Hiking along Virginia’s Aquia Creek and finding history a stone’s throw from home 2021-04-01T04:00:00Z It's a string of pristine Edens inhabited only by the Eocene fauna that were, on our world, hunted to extinction by early man. The Long Earth by Terry Pratchett and Stephen Baxter – review 2012-06-20T07:00:01Z Her contributions will include a spherical sculpture embedded with plant fossils from the Eocene epoch and living plant life, as well as a window display of photographs focusing on the industrial supply chain. Mary Mattingly Is Named Brooklyn Public Library’s Artist in Residence 2019-12-18T05:00:00Z “In the new dawn of the Eocene when these fossils were still vivid with their own life,” she writes, “a warm sea covered much of southeast England.” Thousands of Years Ago, a Different Sort of Brexit 2019-08-06T04:00:00Z The KU researchers said their discovery is not only exciting in terms of discovering a new primate species from late Eocene China -- but also in settling the origin story of Ekgmowechashala. Fossils tell tale of last primate to inhabit North America before humans 2023-11-06T05:00:00Z These tracks might have been made by a creodont, a predatory mammal about the size of a house cat, which flourished in the Paleocene and Eocene in Europe, Africa and North America. 'Spirit Whales and Sloth Tales' tracks Washington fossils and their stories 2023-09-15T04:00:00Z "The last time there was no ice on the planet, no ice at all, would've been during the Paleocene–Eocene Thermal Maximum 55 million years ago." Will glaciers go "extinct" in our lifetime? Here's what a future without polar ice would look like 2023-08-10T04:00:00Z They were found in North America and Europe in the Cenozoic and went extinct by the end of the Eocene. Fundamentals of Biology 2015-01-01T00:00:00Z They were excavated from a fossil-rich geologic formation of ancient swamps and lakes from an era called the Eocene, dating to around 50 million years ago. Oldest known bat skeletons shed light on early mammalian flight 2023-04-11T04:00:00Z They got their start some 50 million years ago in the greenhouse conditions of the Eocene epoch. No One Knows How the Biggest Animals on Earth—Baleen Whales—Find Their Food 2023-03-14T04:00:00Z Bones of these large grazing animals found in Oregon’s John Day area and in southern British Columbia confirm that titanotheres were in this region in the early Eocene. 'Spirit Whales and Sloth Tales' tracks Washington fossils and their stories 2023-09-15T04:00:00Z The last time there was no ice on the planet, no ice at all, would've been during the Paleocene–Eocene Thermal Maximum. Will glaciers go "extinct" in our lifetime? Here's what a future without polar ice would look like 2023-08-10T04:00:00Z The first true primates were found in North America, Europe, Asia, and Africa in the Eocene Epoch. Fundamentals of Biology 2015-01-01T00:00:00Z The newly found bats had a collection of traits—including the presence of claws on the wing's first and second digit, and relatively short forearms and broad wings—that differentiated it from other Eocene bats. Oldest known bat skeletons shed light on early mammalian flight 2023-04-11T04:00:00Z As the Eocene gave way to the Oligocene, tectonic forces dealt a final blow to Gondwana, cleaving apart Australia, South America and Antarctica. No One Knows How the Biggest Animals on Earth—Baleen Whales—Find Their Food 2023-03-14T04:00:00Z Further information about the Eocene ecosystem comes from the abundant leaf fossils. 'Spirit Whales and Sloth Tales' tracks Washington fossils and their stories 2023-09-15T04:00:00Z The fossils date from early in the Eocene epoch, when Earth was home to ancient relatives of many modern mammals, including tapirs, hippopotamuses and humans. Monkeylike Animals Once Lived in the Arctic, New Fossils Show 2023-01-25T05:00:00Z By the end of the Eocene Epoch, many of the early prosimian species went extinct due either to cooler temperatures or competition from the first monkeys. Fundamentals of Biology 2015-01-01T00:00:00Z During the late Eocene epoch, between 38 million and 34 million years ago, a glob of tacky resin oozed out of one of these trees and dripped down, ensnaring the flower. See the Largest Flower Ever Found Encased in Amber 2023-01-12T05:00:00Z The crocodile, Plalaysuchus Petroleum, comes from the Eocene period and was found perfectly preserved. Forty million-year-old crocodile fossil goes under the hammer 2022-08-01T04:00:00Z This was a small crocodile, a testament to the warm and wet early Eocene climate, like central Africa today. 'Spirit Whales and Sloth Tales' tracks Washington fossils and their stories 2023-09-15T04:00:00Z Even in the balmy early Eocene, the poles still experienced colder temperatures relative to the equator. Monkeylike Animals Once Lived in the Arctic, New Fossils Show 2023-01-25T05:00:00Z Anthropogenic climate change has been 1.1°C over the past 100 years,1 and that is 45,800 times faster than the rate of natural climate change since the Eocene! Physical Geology 2015-01-01T00:00:00Z Basing their conclusions on this tree’s modern relatives, the researchers believe it would have been right at home among the sappy conifers in the warm climate that the Baltic region experienced during the Eocene. See the Largest Flower Ever Found Encased in Amber 2023-01-12T05:00:00Z Since the Eocene, tectonic events during the Cenozoic caused persistent and significant planetary cooling. An Introduction to Geology 2017-01-01T00:00:00Z Based on the location and age of the rocks surrounding the ant hills, the researchers estimate that the fossils are from the late Eocene and early Oligocene epochs. They Uncover New Fossils, but They Also Bite 2022-07-01T04:00:00Z Preivously, scientists knew very little about the paleobotany of the period between the last group of megaherbivores and their mammalian successors in the Late Eocene. When dinosaurs died, Earth's plants were left with big shoes to fill 2022-05-03T04:00:00Z Earth was very warm during the early Eocene and has steadily cooled ever since. Physical Geology 2015-01-01T00:00:00Z Their Eocene brain growth occurred as competition for resources intensified and complex behavior became vital for species survival, Bertrand said. After killer asteroid, mammals got bigger before they got smarter 2022-03-31T04:00:00Z San Diego looked very different back in the Eocene epoch, from about 56 million to 34 million years ago. Newly Discovered Saber-Tooth Predator Shows How Hypercarnivores Evolved 2022-03-15T04:00:00Z The slow-moving extinction event took place as the Eocene epoch switched to the Oligocene. Global extinction 30 million years ago also hit mammals in Africa, Arabian peninsula 2021-11-05T04:00:00Z Much later, when they evolved into primates, their tails helped them stay balanced as they raced from branch to branch through Eocene jungles. How Humans Lost Their Tails 2021-09-21T04:00:00Z Next time you are bobbing in a boat on the bay or enjoying its beaches, be sure to thank the great late Eocene meteorite impact. Opinion | Readers critique The Post: This photo really needed some extra context 2021-06-18T04:00:00Z The researchers performed CT scans on fossils of 28 Paleocene mammal specimens and 96 from the subsequent Eocene Epoch, spanning 56-34 million years ago. After killer asteroid, mammals got bigger before they got smarter 2022-03-31T04:00:00Z That places them squarely in the geological epoch known as the Eocene. Pythons Slithered Through Europe Before Coiling Around the World 2020-12-20T05:00:00Z The concern comes from hints that rapid methane release 55 million years ago at the boundary between the Paleocene and Eocene epochs triggered global temperature increases of five to eight degrees C globally. Methane Is on an Alarming Upward Trend 2020-07-15T04:00:00Z Throughout the early Eocene, land bridges spanning the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans connected North America and Eurasia. How Oak Trees Evolved to Rule the Forests of the Northern Hemisphere 2020-07-14T04:00:00Z The little amphibian from the Eocene Epoch was a helmeted frog — about 1½ inches long — closely related to five species of helmeted frogs still native to Chile. Before becoming frozen wasteland, Antarctica was home to frogs 2020-05-01T04:00:00Z Brain growth, they found, kicked in during the Eocene, along with a change in the importance of various functions. After killer asteroid, mammals got bigger before they got smarter 2022-03-31T04:00:00Z Some 56 million years ago, during the transition between the Paleocene and Eocene epochs, Earth caught a fever. Earth’s Orbital Shifts May Have Triggered Ancient Global Warming 2019-09-03T04:00:00Z Chief among the new discoveries is an event called the Paleocene Eocene Thermal Maximum, a specialty of curator Scott Wing. The Smithsonian’s renewed fossil hall sends a forceful message about climate change 2019-05-25T04:00:00Z The trend kept going through the Eocene, which started about 56 million years ago, as mammal evolution flourished. Fossil Jaws a Sign of When Mammals Bounced Back 2019-05-25T04:00:00Z This was an Eocene preview of the way modern whales move, different from the side-to-side swish of most fish. The whale with legs shows how little we know about Earth’s fantastical past | Riley Black 2019-04-05T04:00:00Z During the Eocene, other capabilities such as the greater integration of vision, hearing, memory and motor control - tied to neocortex development - became more critical for survival. After killer asteroid, mammals got bigger before they got smarter 2022-03-31T04:00:00Z The fact that I was brushing black over nails, rather than claws, is an evolutionary happenstance that puts me in touch with my Eocene ancestors. Early Primates Groomed with Claws 2018-07-14T04:00:00Z Paleocene–Eocene warming and biotic response in the epicontinental West Siberian Sea. Rapid emergence of subaerial landmasses and onset of a modern hydrologic cycle 2.5 billion years ago 2018-05-22T04:00:00Z The lab is testing fossilized cyanobacteria from the Eocene Epoch, 56 million to 33.9 million years ago, from the Kemmerer area. Jackson researchers on forefront of combating Alzheimer’s 2018-05-02T04:00:00Z The foundation for horse forelimbs, at least, was set down by Eohippus in the Eocene and has just been tweaked this way or that in the time since. Long-Lost Horse Toes Found 2018-03-24T04:00:00Z A pteropodid tooth from the Upper Eocene of Thailand matches this prediction but good fossils of especially early members of the group are as yet unknown. Fossil Bat Stories, Part 1 2018-02-10T05:00:00Z Boyer and colleagues report on fossil primate toes found in the Eocene strata of Wyoming that now answer this question. Early Primates Groomed with Claws 2018-07-14T04:00:00Z Ho, S. L. & Laepple, T. Flat meridional temperature gradient in the early Eocene in the subsurface rather than surface ocean. Global patterns of declining temperature variability from the Last Glacial Maximum to the Holocene 2018-02-04T05:00:00Z Here we show, using marine geological and geophysical data from the continental shelf seaward of the Aurora subglacial basin, that marine-terminating glaciers existed at the Sabrina Coast by the early to middle Eocene epoch. Initiation and long-term instability of the East Antarctic Ice Sheet 2017-12-12T05:00:00Z That context is part of what makes a new Eocene metatherian stand out. Keep Sharp, Metatherians 2017-09-16T04:00:00Z That series of Eocene mass graves is full of birds and bats, he notes, making one explanation—sudden carbon dioxide degassing from an ancient lake—unlikely. Did tiny algae fell mighty dinosaurs? 2017-08-29T04:00:00Z The grooming claws are isolated remains from three different sites in three distinct parts of the Eocene of Wyoming. Early Primates Groomed with Claws 2018-07-14T04:00:00Z Earliest mysticete from the Late Eocene of Peru sheds new light on the origin of baleen whales. New Fossil Fills In Missing Moment in Baleen Whale History 2017-06-18T04:00:00Z It’s 36 million years old, from a time known as the Eocene Epoch, when the first ancestors of modern mammals started appearing on Earth. Perspective | Museum quality: Check out these two squirrels, one historic, one prehistoric 2017-04-09T04:00:00Z It’s immediate predecessor, the Pleistocene Epoch, died at over 2.5 million years old, while the Eocene Epoch survived to be nearly 22 million. Obituary: Remembering the Holocene Epoch 2016-08-29T04:00:00Z Mammals survived Eocene temperatures; this is when early primates appeared. Crocodiles and Palm Trees in the Arctic? New Report Suggests Yes. 2016-05-23T04:00:00Z Messel’s sediments were laid down during the Eocene Epoch, about 47 million years ago, in what was then a crater lake surrounded by a subtropical rainforest. The fabulous fossils of Messel - a colourful world of birds and beetles 2016-05-18T04:00:00Z At about 600 metres, the core will pass through rock from the Palaeocene–Eocene Thermal Maximum, when temperatures spiked about 55 million years ago, creating a greenhouse world. Geologists to drill into heart of dinosaur-killing impact 2016-03-30T04:00:00Z This corresponded very well with foetuses in living mares, suggesting the horse reproductive system was already highly developed during the Eocene Period. Ancient horse-like foetus discovered in Germany - BBC News 2015-10-08T04:00:00Z The previous oldest examples are collembolan spermatozoa found entombed in amber from the Late Eocene period, and crustacean sperm from cave deposits found in Australia. Fossilised sperm found in Antarctica is world's oldest, say scientists 2015-07-14T04:00:00Z They believe a rapid spike in average global temperature at the start of the Eocene Epoch—about 55 million years ago—resulted from a methane hydrate response. Don't Worry About Methane Hydrates, Government Scientist Says: You Have Enough CO2 To Worry About 2015-03-08T05:00:00Z Songbirds originated in the Southern Hemisphere, and their major radiation post-dates the Eocene period. The fabulous fossils of Messel - a colourful world of birds and beetles 2016-05-18T04:00:00Z During that epoch and the latter part of the Eocene before it, the West Coast was host to a broad band of mountains resembling the modern South American Andes. Nevada’s Mountains Used to Be Really, Really High 2015-01-15T05:00:00Z The early Eocene was a time, she added, when temperatures around the planet were rising. A 52-Million-Year-Old Window Into the Future 2014-07-14T04:00:00Z What is indisputable is that a lot of Azolla is buried in polar rocks from this epoch, the mid Eocene. Aquatic alfalfa 2014-06-19T04:00:00Z The 21 fossils had revealed four species of Ectobius dating back to the Eocene—predating the European specimens by some five million years. “Invasive” cockroach species lived in the US 49 million years ago 2014-03-25T12:45:00Z In addition, the most species-rich groups today, such as pigeons, parrots and songbirds, are absent from Messel and other early Eocene assemblages. The fabulous fossils of Messel - a colourful world of birds and beetles 2016-05-18T04:00:00Z The 21 fossils had revealed four species of Ectobius dating back to the Eocene—predating the European specimens by some five million years. “Invasive” Cockroach Species Lived in the U.S. 49 Million Years Ago 2014-03-24T11:45:00Z A few Eocene and Oligocene nests suggested to be those of ducks have been mentioned or illustrated but not described in any detail. Bird behaviour, the ‘deep time’ perspective 2014-01-27T12:35:26Z “Then it's 'Hello Eocene'” — returning to a world akin to a warm period 55 million years ago, with maybe just a trace of ice at the poles. What Big Questions Remain about Sea Level Rise? 2013-09-18T22:15:00.910Z Systematics and paleobiology of the anthropoid primate Pondaungia from the late Middle Eocene of Myanmar. The Squamozoic actually happened (kind of): giant herbivorous lizards in the Paleogene 2013-06-05T02:45:06.233Z It lived alongside other herbivorous and carnivorous mammals during the Eocene epoch. 6ft lizard named after Doors singer 2013-06-05T00:13:56Z Nearly 300 kids breezed through words such as “mandir” and “Eocene” as the onstage rounds of the Scripps National Spelling Bee kicked off Wednesday at National Harbor. National Spelling Bee draws eight kids from the Washington area 2013-05-29T22:43:26Z The study, published in the journal , analysed a set of footprints made 55.8 to 48.6 million years ago in the Lower Eocene. Giant bird was 'gentle herbivore' 2012-11-23T03:20:12Z Analysts estimate that the lush forest thrived throughout the Eocene period, some 34-56 million years ago. Tropical Rainforest Once Covered Antarctica 2012-08-03T16:35:35Z The rig then drilled through 1km of sediment to return samples from the Eocene. Palm trees 'grew on Antarctica' 2012-08-01T20:04:49Z The Upper Chalk slopes southward towards the Eocene boundary previously mentioned. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 13, Slice 4 "Hero" to "Hindu Chronology" 2012-04-04T02:00:56.447Z The closure of the orbit behind distinguishes the skull of the horse from that of its allies the rhinoceros and tapir, and also from all of the perissodactyles of the Eocene period. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 13, Slice 6 "Home, Daniel" to "Hortensius, Quintus" 2012-03-15T02:00:32.250Z Eocene nummulitic beds occur, but the deposits are mostly of Miocene age. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 13, Slice 8 "Hudson River" to "Hurstmonceaux" 2012-02-24T03:00:27.173Z In the next 130,000 years during the Paleocene–Eocene Thermal Maximum, these small equines got even smaller, reaching the tiny size of 3.9 kilograms—some 30 percent lighter than their initial heft. First Horses Shrunk by Warming Climate 2012-02-23T23:15:02.277Z It has a proposed total depth of 29,000 feet targeting the Eocene and Paleocene objectives below the salt weld. A Little Bit Louder Now, Chevron Starts To Shout About Davy Jones And The Ultra Deep 2012-02-21T00:32:40Z The two most important formations are the Chalk, which forms the high ground in the north and west; and the Eocene Reading beds and London Clay which occupy the remaining southern part of the county. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 13, Slice 4 "Hero" to "Hindu Chronology" 2012-04-04T02:00:56.447Z This fracture was caused after the end of the Eocene period by the earth-movement which resulted in the raising of the whole region out of the sea. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 7, Slice 10 "David, St" to "Demidov" 2012-02-17T03:00:33.923Z Towards the Caspian, especially between Petrovsk and the river Sulak, the Cretaceous system is well represented, and upon its rocks rest marls, shales, and sandstones of the Eocene period. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 7, Slice 8 "Cube" to "Daguerre, Louis" 2012-01-31T03:00:17.257Z Some of the beds which Hill has placed in the Eocene have been referred by earlier writers to the Miocene. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 12, Slice 7 "Gyantse" to "Hallel" 2011-12-26T03:00:11.613Z The Paleocene Eocene Thermal Maximum, about 55 million years ago, also points to similarly high climate sensitivity. Dot Earth Blog: On the Climate High End, Methane Time Bombs and the Lure of the New 2011-12-02T19:50:24Z Following upon these older beds are the great limestone masses which cover most of the eastern region, and which are now known to include Jurassic, Tithonian, Lower and Upper Cretaceous and Eocene beds. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 12, Slice 4 "Grasshopper" to "Greek Language" 2011-11-28T03:00:19.517Z And now, as the wheels of time and change rolled slowly on, sharks again came uppermost, and the warmer Eocene and Miocene oceans appear to have fairly teemed with these sea wolves. Animals of the Past 2011-11-16T03:00:27.497Z Since the 1990s, Anemone has been scouring the Great Divide Basin for fossils of mammals from the early Eocene epoch, about 50 million years ago. Artificial Intelligence Finds Fossil Sites 2011-11-08T22:15:09.843Z Hardly less than a dozen of these are now known, ranging in age from Huronian to Eocene. Climatic Changes Their Nature and Causes 2011-10-28T02:00:24.840Z Marls and limestones with fossils of an Eocene facies overlie the Cretaceous rocks on the Gabun. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 11, Slice 1 "Franciscans" to "French Language" 2011-10-22T02:00:29.487Z The earth movements which produced the mountain chains of western Greece have folded the Eocene beds and must therefore be of post-Eocene date. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 12, Slice 4 "Grasshopper" to "Greek Language" 2011-11-28T03:00:19.517Z Contemporary with the great-toothed shark was another and closely related species that originated with him in Eocene times, and these two may possibly have had something to do with the extinction of Zeuglodon. Animals of the Past 2011-11-16T03:00:27.497Z The geologist, wise in Eras—Paleolithic, Pliocene, Eocene, May-have-been—felt its challenge at once. Cupid in Africa 2011-09-28T02:00:21.467Z The Eocene system is unknown in Germany except in the foothills of the Alps; but the Oligocene and Miocene are widely spread, especially in the great plain and in the depression of the Danube. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 11, Slice 7 "Geoponici" to "Germany" 2011-09-26T02:00:25.313Z Upper Eocene, consisting of a series of very fossiliferous sands, clays, and limestones, exposed in the cliffs at the eastern and western ends of the Isle of Wight and on the neighbouring coast of Hampshire. Sea-Weeds, Shells and Fossils 2011-08-20T02:00:11.557Z The research, “El Niño in the Eocene Greenhouse Recorded by Fossil Bivalves and Wood from Antarctica,” is published online in Geophysical Research Letters and is forthcoming in print. Ancient Clams Yield New Information on Greenhouse Effect 2011-08-18T15:27:00Z Skeleton of the Modern Horse and of His Eocene Ancestor 161 34. Animals of the Past 2011-11-16T03:00:27.497Z Though the Cretaceous asteroid cleared the stage, mammals did not really get going until 10m years later, in the Eocene epoch. The rise of the dinosaurs: Pardon! 2011-07-21T14:01:05Z In the Carboniferous they are continued by smaller and more regular organisms of the genus Loftusia,5 and this genus seems to extend without marked change up to the Eocene Tertiary. The Chain of Life in Geological Time A Sketch of the Origin and Succession of Animals and Plants 2011-06-01T02:00:24.880Z Middle Eocene, or the Bagshot Beds, composed of sands and clays. Sea-Weeds, Shells and Fossils 2011-08-20T02:00:11.557Z Below these again, are others which have been termed Eocene, as containing few new species indeed, but yet enough to mark the dawn, the Eos, of the existing state of the organic world. The Plurality of Worlds 2011-06-01T02:00:23.787Z The Eocene, 56-34 million years ago, was punctuated by periods when the Earth's temperature rose higher than it is today, probably because of the release of greenhouse gases such as methane into the atmosphere. Giant ants spread in warm climes 2011-05-03T23:57:59Z Middle and Eastern Germany, with Poland and the valley of the Dnieper, present on the surface Eocene formations of the Tertiary period. The New Gresham Encyclopedia Volume 4, Part 3: Estremoz to Felspar 2011-04-14T02:00:59.373Z These toothed birds extend into the Eocene Tertiary, where the Odontopteryx of Owen has been known for some time. The Chain of Life in Geological Time A Sketch of the Origin and Succession of Animals and Plants 2011-06-01T02:00:24.880Z Lower Eocene, the well-known London clay, may almost be said to compose this division, for the underlying sands, gravels, and clays are in mass comparatively insignificant. Sea-Weeds, Shells and Fossils 2011-08-20T02:00:11.557Z The Eocene beds are arranged in two groups, termed the Lower and Upper Eocene; the strata formerly called Upper Eocene being now known as Oligocene. The New Gresham Encyclopedia Volume 4, Part 2: Ebert to Estremadura 2011-04-14T02:00:56.200Z The geological formation of the soil belongs to the Quaternary and Pliocene period in its upper strata, and to the Eocene and Cretaceous in the lower. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 10, Slice 5 "Fleury, Claude" to "Foraker" 2011-04-03T02:00:20.883Z Lyell divided the Tertiary strata into three groups: Eocene, recent dawn; Miocene, less recent; Pliocene, more recent. Famous Men of Science 2011-03-08T03:00:49.717Z Thus the plant takes precedence of the animal, and the preparation was made for the mammalian life of the Eocene by the introduction of the modern flora in the Cretaceous period. The Chain of Life in Geological Time A Sketch of the Origin and Succession of Animals and Plants 2011-06-01T02:00:24.880Z The genus, from the evidence of leaf-remains, appears to have been represented by several species in Eocene times. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 9, Slice 8 "Ethiopia" to "Evangelical Association" 2011-03-05T03:00:24.537Z Small patches of Pleistocene Red Crag rest upon the Eocene strata at Beaumont and Oakley, and are very well exposed at Walton-on-the-Naze where they are very fossiliferous. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 9, Slice 7 "Equation" to "Ethics" 2011-02-27T03:00:31.973Z Eocene.—As yet geologists have failed to discover any traces of man in the Eocene epoch. A Manual of the Antiquity of Man 2011-02-21T03:00:07.080Z Traces of glacial conditions have also been met with in the Eocene and Miocene. Geology 2011-02-20T03:00:12.660Z In Europe, where it does not now live, it occurs as a fossil in Eocene beds in the Isle of Mull. The Chain of Life in Geological Time A Sketch of the Origin and Succession of Animals and Plants 2011-06-01T02:00:24.880Z The early Eocene formations of the London-Paris-Belgian basin were of fresh-water and brackish origin; towards the middle of the period they had become marine, while later they reverted to the original type. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 9, Slice 6 "English Language" to "Epsom Salts" 2011-02-19T03:00:59.807Z All four groups were closely connected in the Lower Eocene, so that exact definition is almost impossible. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 9, Slice 7 "Equation" to "Ethics" 2011-02-27T03:00:31.973Z Eocene tertiary strata, resting on the chalk in patches. A Manual of the Antiquity of Man 2011-02-21T03:00:07.080Z The granite, which is intruded through the Eocene beds, is associated with a pegmatite containing tourmaline and cassiterite. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 9, Slice 2 "Ehud" to "Electroscope" 2011-01-29T03:00:23.777Z Yet this species also 193lived in America in early Eocene times, but has since been banished, though its former companion, the Onoclea, still holds its ground. The Chain of Life in Geological Time A Sketch of the Origin and Succession of Animals and Plants 2011-06-01T02:00:24.880Z In southern and eastern Europe changes of sea-level were less pronounced in character; here the late Cretaceous seas were followed without much modification by those of the Eocene period, so rich in foraminiferal life. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 9, Slice 6 "English Language" to "Epsom Salts" 2011-02-19T03:00:59.807Z By some authorities the Eocene group of Ganodonta has been affiliated to the Edentata, but this reference is not accepted by Prof. W.B. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 8, Slice 10 "Echinoderma" to "Edward" 2011-01-19T03:00:19.027Z Eocene, the oldest of the three epochs of the tertiary. A Manual of the Antiquity of Man 2011-02-21T03:00:07.080Z The next geological formation which is represented is the Eocene, consisting of nummulitic limestone, sandstone and schist. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 9, Slice 2 "Ehud" to "Electroscope" 2011-01-29T03:00:23.777Z The well-known beds of Bournemouth, in the south of England,74 contain a rich flora of the Eocene age, perhaps of its middle period, and reminding us of the forests of sub-tropical India or Australia. The Chain of Life in Geological Time A Sketch of the Origin and Succession of Animals and Plants 2011-06-01T02:00:24.880Z In the southern Himalayan region the nummulitic phase of Eocene deposit is well developed, but there are difficulties in fixing the line of demarcation between this and the younger formations. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 9, Slice 6 "English Language" to "Epsom Salts" 2011-02-19T03:00:59.807Z Recent discoveries apparently indicate, however, the occurrence of armadillos of a primitive type in the lower Tertiary or Eocene formations of Wyoming. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 8, Slice 10 "Echinoderma" to "Edward" 2011-01-19T03:00:19.027Z So far as any outward observer, back in the Cretaceous or early Eocene periods, could surmise, this sort of confusion might go on forever. Through Nature to God 2010-12-24T03:00:36.410Z The lower Eocene has furnished a greater number of bird bones. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 3, Slice 7 "Bible" to "Bisectrix" 2010-12-20T17:12:05.780Z A striking result of recent discoveries is the fact that in Cretaceous and Eocene times a very warm climate prevailed in the extreme Arctic regions, and trees of temperate latitudes grew there freely. The Chain of Life in Geological Time A Sketch of the Origin and Succession of Animals and Plants 2011-06-01T02:00:24.880Z Beneath the thick nummulitic Eocene limestone of the Salt Range are shales and marls with a few coal seams. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 9, Slice 6 "English Language" to "Epsom Salts" 2011-02-19T03:00:59.807Z Limestones of Eocene or Cretaceous age form a large part of the Taurus, but the interior zone probably includes rocks of earlier periods. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 2, Slice 7 "Arundel, Thomas" to "Athens" The results of the struggle are registered in the Eocene rocks. Through Nature to God 2010-12-24T03:00:36.410Z The upper Eocene has yielded many birds, most of which are at least close forerunners of recent genera, the differentiation into the leading orders and families being already well marked, e.g. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 3, Slice 7 "Bible" to "Bisectrix" 2010-12-20T17:12:05.780Z This is succeeded by an Upper Lignite group, also Eocene, but representing a more temperate climate, and therefore resembling more nearly the Cretaceous flora. The Chain of Life in Geological Time A Sketch of the Origin and Succession of Animals and Plants 2011-06-01T02:00:24.880Z Many local aspects of Eocene rocks have received special names, but too little is known about them to enable them to be correctly placed in the Eocene series. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 9, Slice 6 "English Language" to "Epsom Salts" 2011-02-19T03:00:59.807Z The folding of the Anti-Taurus affects the Eocene but not the Miocene, while in the Taurus the Miocene beds have been elevated, but without much folding, to great heights. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 2, Slice 7 "Arundel, Thomas" to "Athens" Artiodactyla date from the Eocene period, when they appear to have been less numerous than the Perissodactyla, although at the present day they are immeasurably ahead of that group, and form indeed the dominant ungulates. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 2, Slice 6 "Armour Plates" to "Arundel, Earls of" Instead of the age of lower Eocene, as had been stated originally, these beds are not older than mid-Miocene, and not a few of the bones are of a much younger, even latest Tertiary date. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 3, Slice 7 "Bible" to "Bisectrix" 2010-12-20T17:12:05.780Z None appear to have yet been found in the Cretaceous, but they reappear in the Eocene Tertiary, and continue to the modern time. The Chain of Life in Geological Time A Sketch of the Origin and Succession of Animals and Plants 2011-06-01T02:00:24.880Z Of the Eocene of other countries little is known in detail. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 9, Slice 6 "English Language" to "Epsom Salts" 2011-02-19T03:00:59.807Z Marine Eocene beds occur near the Dardanelles, but the Tertiary deposits of this part of Asia Minor are mostly freshwater and belong to the upper part of the system. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 2, Slice 7 "Arundel, Thomas" to "Athens" In the Old World a large number of fossil forms are known, of which the earliest is the Egyptian Eocene Geniohyus. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 2, Slice 6 "Armour Plates" to "Arundel, Earls of" The horses, like the camels, had gone through their developmental history on this continent, the earliest ancestor, the little four-toed "dawn horse" of the Eocene, being likewise the size of a jack-rabbit. A Book-Lover's Holidays in the Open The Eocene mammals, like the Carboniferous amphibians, the Mesozoic reptiles, and the Cretaceous forests, appear to spring full-grown from the earth, and this at nearly the same time in every part of the northern hemisphere. The Chain of Life in Geological Time A Sketch of the Origin and Succession of Animals and Plants 2011-06-01T02:00:24.880Z When we turn to the higher forms of life, the reptiles and mammals, we find a remarkable contrast between the fauna of the Eocene and those periods which preceded and succeeded it. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 9, Slice 6 "English Language" to "Epsom Salts" 2011-02-19T03:00:59.807Z The Eocene sea however cannot have been much inferior in extent. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 2, Slice 7 "Arundel, Thomas" to "Athens" These rocks, which include some highly siliceous lavas, form part of the Eocene series that is so conspicuously displayed above Carlingford in Co. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 2, Slice 5 "Arculf" to "Armour, Philip" Their evolutionary history certainly stretched through a period of two or three million—perhaps four or five million—years on this continent, reaching back to a little Eocene ancestor no bigger than a jack-rabbit. A Book-Lover's Holidays in the Open In England, Eocene beds of the age of those of Paris, occupy the valley of the Thames and the Isle of Wight and neighbouring parts of Hants. The Chain of Life in Geological Time A Sketch of the Origin and Succession of Animals and Plants 2011-06-01T02:00:24.880Z The Eocene deposits of southern Europe differ in a marked manner from those of the Anglo-Parisian basin. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 9, Slice 6 "English Language" to "Epsom Salts" 2011-02-19T03:00:59.807Z It was after the Eocene period that the main part of the elevation of the Himalayas took place, as is shown by the occurrence of nummulitic limestone at a height of 20,000 ft. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 2, Slice 7 "Arundel, Thomas" to "Athens" But that in Tertiary times there was a high interior zone of crystalline rocks is indicated by the character of the Eocene beds in the southern Apennines. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 2, Slice 2 "Anjar" to "Apollo" From leaves and fruits borne down from the forest we can learn clearly the nature of the early Eocene land and climate. The Geological Story of the Isle of Wight It would seem that as the mountain-ranges and table-lands of Western America emerged from the Cretaceous waters, they became clothed with Eocene forests and inhabited by Eocene mammals. The Chain of Life in Geological Time A Sketch of the Origin and Succession of Animals and Plants 2011-06-01T02:00:24.880Z In the central and northern Apennines the Eocene strata have been subdivided by Prof. F. Sacco into an upper Bartonian, a middle Parisian and a lower Suessonian series. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 9, Slice 6 "English Language" to "Epsom Salts" 2011-02-19T03:00:59.807Z Besides, if from the Eocene to the present, the Bats have remained the same, how long would it take to develop an animal with ordinary feet, like those of a shrew, into a bat? The Old Riddle and the Newest Answer Be this as it may, the Apennines, excepting in Calabria, are formed chiefly of Triassic, Jurassic, Cretaceous, Eocene and Miocene beds. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 2, Slice 2 "Anjar" to "Apollo" The fauna and flora of the Oligocene strata show that the climate was still sub-tropical, though somewhat cooling down from the Eocene. The Geological Story of the Isle of Wight On the flanks of the elevated region supporting the beds formed in the Eocene lakes, are other later lake basins of Miocene age, also abounding in animal remains. The Chain of Life in Geological Time A Sketch of the Origin and Succession of Animals and Plants 2011-06-01T02:00:24.880Z The primitive dog-like forms did not appear until late in the period, in Europe; and true cats did not arrive until later, though they were represented by Eusmilus in the Upper Eocene of France. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 9, Slice 6 "English Language" to "Epsom Salts" 2011-02-19T03:00:59.807Z Such instances are by no means singular, nor are like difficulties confined to the Eocene. The Old Riddle and the Newest Answer In the south the deposits, from the Trias to the middle Eocene, consist mainly of limestones, and were laid down, with a few slight interruptions, upon a quietly subsiding sea-floor. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 2, Slice 2 "Anjar" to "Apollo" Specially interesting in the Eocene and Oligocene are the mammalian remains. The Geological Story of the Isle of Wight In the Middle Eocene, the place of Coryphodon was taken by Dinoceras and allied forms. The Chain of Life in Geological Time A Sketch of the Origin and Succession of Animals and Plants 2011-06-01T02:00:24.880Z The primitive stock of the camel group developed in N. America in late Eocene time and sent branches into S. America and Eurasia. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 9, Slice 6 "English Language" to "Epsom Salts" 2011-02-19T03:00:59.807Z The European record stops here: in the American Tertiaries, the series of ancestral equine forms is continued into the Eocene. The Old Riddle and the Newest Answer In the later part of the Eocene period began the folding which gave rise to the existing chain. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 2, Slice 2 "Anjar" to "Apollo" Recent discoveries in Eocene strata in Egypt show stages of development between a tapir-like animal and the elephant with long trunk and tusks. The Geological Story of the Isle of Wight It shows that some Eocene types were suited to continuance, and even adapted for extension, while others were destined to become altogether extinct at an early date. The Chain of Life in Geological Time A Sketch of the Origin and Succession of Animals and Plants 2011-06-01T02:00:24.880Z The flora of the Eocene period, although full of interest, does not convey the impression of newness that is afforded by the fauna of the period. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 9, Slice 6 "English Language" to "Epsom Salts" 2011-02-19T03:00:59.807Z The succession of forms leading up thither commences at the bottom of the Eocene, and extends to the upper Pliocene. The Old Riddle and the Newest Answer Denudation in earliest Eocene times has produced flint gravels above the chalk, and an ancient stream deposit of chalk pebbles occurs at Ballycastle. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 2, Slice 2 "Anjar" to "Apollo" Some of the early Eocene mammalia are either marsupials, or closely related to them. The Geological Story of the Isle of Wight Nor indeed are we certain that one-toed horses like those now living did not exist on the dry plains in Eocene times, since the inhabitants of these plains are probably unknown to us. The Chain of Life in Geological Time A Sketch of the Origin and Succession of Animals and Plants 2011-06-01T02:00:24.880Z The late Eocene flora of Europe was very similar to its descendant in modern Australasia. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 9, Slice 6 "English Language" to "Epsom Salts" 2011-02-19T03:00:59.807Z Finally the Tertiary has three main divisions; the Eocene, or "dawn of the recent," Miocene, or "less recent," and Pliocene, or "more recent." The Old Riddle and the Newest Answer This is certainly true of the province of Oriente, where Eocene fossils have been collected. The History of Cuba, vol. 1 We followed the alternations of sea and land, and the changing life of Eocene and Oligocene times. The Geological Story of the Isle of Wight In the Upper Eocene, even-toed species appear with an approach at least to the crescent-shaped teeth of the modern deer and oxen. The Chain of Life in Geological Time A Sketch of the Origin and Succession of Animals and Plants 2011-06-01T02:00:24.880Z The occurrence of lignites in the Eocene of the Paris basin, Tirol and N. America is worthy of consideration in this connexion. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 9, Slice 6 "English Language" to "Epsom Salts" 2011-02-19T03:00:59.807Z But they appear with their wings fully developed, in the Eocene, in both Hemispheres. The Old Riddle and the Newest Answer Owing to a lack of paleontological data, the history of the island during the Eocene time is vague, but it is probable that a large part of it was submerged. The History of Cuba, vol. 1 The Alps and the Himalaya, largely composed of Cretaceous and Eocene rocks, were upheaved into great mountain ranges. The Geological Story of the Isle of Wight The greater laminated forms co-exist with these up to the Eocene Tertiary. The Chain of Life in Geological Time A Sketch of the Origin and Succession of Animals and Plants 2011-06-01T02:00:24.880Z The unconformity is marked in England, parts of Egypt, on the Atlantic coastal plain and in the eastern gulf region of N. America, as well as in the marine Eocene of western Oregon. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 9, Slice 6 "English Language" to "Epsom Salts" 2011-02-19T03:00:59.807Z Oligocene and Eocene time Pliocene and Miocene time. Unexplored! The Tertiary system includes conglomerates, sandstones, limestones and marls, which appear to be of Eocene, Oligocene and Miocene age. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 4, Slice 3 "Borgia, Lucrezia" to "Bradford, John" Yet the geological evidence shows unbroken sub-tropical conditions in this part of the world throughout the Eocene. The Geological Story of the Isle of Wight Rock Builders, in the Cretaceous and Eocene. a, Nummulites lævigata—Eocene. b, The same, showing chambered interior. c, Milioline limestone, magnified—Eocene, Paris. d, Hard Chalk, section magnified—Cretaceous. The Chain of Life in Geological Time A Sketch of the Origin and Succession of Animals and Plants 2011-06-01T02:00:24.880Z The clastic Flysch formation of the 662 Carpathians and northern Alps appears to be of Eocene age in the upper and Cretaceous in the lower part. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 9, Slice 6 "English Language" to "Epsom Salts" 2011-02-19T03:00:59.807Z But what an indecipherable riddle was this building, standing on a site of the Eocene period! The Tremendous Event Although the chain was completed in Palaeozoic times, a second folding took place along its south-east margin at the close of the Eocene period. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 5, Slice 7 "Cerargyrite" to "Charing Cross" However, in the old Spithead forts artesian wells are sunk; and these pass through 70 to 90 feet of recent deposits before entering Eocene strata. The Geological Story of the Isle of Wight Besides, if from the Eocene to the present the Bats have remained the same, how long would it take to develop an animal with ordinary feet, like those of a shrew, into a bat? The Chain of Life in Geological Time A Sketch of the Origin and Succession of Animals and Plants 2011-06-01T02:00:24.880Z It is possible that in Eocene times there existed a greater continuity of the northern land masses than obtains to-day. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 9, Slice 6 "English Language" to "Epsom Salts" 2011-02-19T03:00:59.807Z In Chapter I, "Eocence and Pliocene" was changed to "Eocene and Pliocene", "precipitious sides" was changed to "precipitous sides", and "out or reach" was changed to "out of reach". The Tremendous Event The lower, of Eocene and Oligocene age, consists generally of sand and clays which were evidently laid down near a shore line. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 5, Slice 6 "Celtes, Konrad" to "Ceramics" Nearly the whole of our English Eocene strata lies in these two basins, having been denuded away from the anticlinal arches. The Geological Story of the Isle of Wight The Early Eocene was not altogether a time of peace in the animal world. The Chain of Life in Geological Time A Sketch of the Origin and Succession of Animals and Plants 2011-06-01T02:00:24.880Z Associated, no doubt, with the crustal movements which closed the Cretaceous and inaugurated the Eocene period, there were local and intermittent manifestations of volcanic activity throughout the period. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 9, Slice 6 "English Language" to "Epsom Salts" 2011-02-19T03:00:59.807Z There's a regular Eocene and Pliocene mixture over there which is really typical. . . . The Tremendous Event Hill, there is but little geological evidence of any Tertiary or later connexion between the Caribbean Sea and the Pacific, excepting, perhaps, a shallow opening during the Eocene period. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 5, Slice 6 "Celtes, Konrad" to "Ceramics" The flora is a local one, differing considerably from those of Eocene deposits elsewhere. The Geological Story of the Isle of Wight The Carnivora, however, were subordinate in the Eocene, and, as already remarked, some of them appear to be intermediate between marsupial and placental forms—a fact which evolutionists have noticed with much satisfaction. The Chain of Life in Geological Time A Sketch of the Origin and Succession of Animals and Plants 2011-06-01T02:00:24.880Z The relative position of the above formations with respect to those of Belgium and England will be seen from the table of Eocene strata. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 9, Slice 6 "English Language" to "Epsom Salts" 2011-02-19T03:00:59.807Z The Eocene includes a series of sandstones and marls with lignite, and these are overlaid by nummulite limestones. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 5, Slice 5 "Cat" to "Celt" The Belemnitidae appear first in the Upper Trias, attain their maximum development in the Jurassic rocks, and are not continued into the Tertiary period, though represented in the Eocene by a few allied forms. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 5, Slice 6 "Celtes, Konrad" to "Ceramics" Throughout the Eocene from the London clay onward the shells are such as abound in the warm sea south east of Asia. The Geological Story of the Isle of Wight Thus if we suppose these men derived from apes by any process of gradual change, we must look for their brute ancestors, not in the Pliocene or Miocene, but in the Eocene itself. The Chain of Life in Geological Time A Sketch of the Origin and Succession of Animals and Plants 2011-06-01T02:00:24.880Z One of the beds of the Eocene Tertiary Period; so called, because it is used for making pottery. Principles of Geology or, The Modern Changes of the Earth and its Inhabitants Considered as Illustrative of Geology The outbursts began in the later part of the Eocene period, and continued into the Pliocene, outlasting the period of folding. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 5, Slice 4 "Carnegie Andrew" to "Casus Belli" The oldest shells of the Sepia type are from the Eocene, and it is perhaps possible that the Sepiidae arose separately from the Belemnites. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 5, Slice 6 "Celtes, Konrad" to "Ceramics" We pass on to strata which used to be called Upper Eocene, but are now generally classified as a period by themselves, and called the Oligocene. The Geological Story of the Isle of Wight Similar statements may be made with regard to other mollusks of the Pliocene and Modern periods, and there are even species which extend unchanged from the early Eocene. The Chain of Life in Geological Time A Sketch of the Origin and Succession of Animals and Plants 2011-06-01T02:00:24.880Z An extensive stratum, or rather series of strata, found in the Paris Basin, belonging to the Eocene tertiary period. Principles of Geology or, The Modern Changes of the Earth and its Inhabitants Considered as Illustrative of Geology The intervening depression, which seems to be bounded on the west by a fault, is filled to a large extent by sandstones and marls of Eocene age. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 5, Slice 3 "Capefigue" to "Carneades" Belosepia, a rudiment of rostrum and phragmacone present in shell, Eocene. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 5, Slice 6 "Celtes, Konrad" to "Ceramics" Even in the Eocene, or oldest subdivision of these tertiary formations, some few of the testacea belong to existing species, although almost all of them, and apparently all the associated vertebrata, are now extinct. Blackwood's Edinburgh Magazine, Volume 57, No. 354, April 1845 Again, in the Hampshire Basin and Isle of Wight, Eocene and Oligocene formations rest upon the Chalk. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 9, Slice 4 "England" to "English Finance" Even in the Eocene strata of Europe, the discovery of cetaceans has never kept pace with that of land quadrupeds. Principles of Geology or, The Modern Changes of the Earth and its Inhabitants Considered as Illustrative of Geology In many instances the Tertiary formation, which occurs between Esna and Cairo, unconformably overlies the Cretaceous, the Lower Eocene being absent. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 9, Slice 1 "Edwardes" to "Ehrenbreitstein" Upon the Chalk in the eastern part of the county are the Eocene beds of the Hampshire Basin. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 8, Slice 6 "Dodwell" to "Drama" In the Miocene deposits, which succeed next to the Eocene, we begin to find a considerable number, although still a minority, of recent species intermixed with some fossils common to the preceding epoch. Blackwood's Edinburgh Magazine, Volume 57, No. 354, April 1845 By the beginning of the Eocene period we find the sea limited to the S.E. of England, where the London Clay, &c., were being laid down. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 9, Slice 4 "England" to "English Finance" In the Miocene deposits, which are next in succession to the Eocene, we begin to find a considerable number, although still a minority, of recent species, intermixed with some fossils common to the preceding epoch. Principles of Geology or, The Modern Changes of the Earth and its Inhabitants Considered as Illustrative of Geology The fluvio-marine deposits of the Upper Eocene and Oligocene formations contain an interesting mammalian fauna, proving that the African continent formed a centre of radiation for the mammalia in early Tertiary times. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 9, Slice 1 "Edwardes" to "Ehrenbreitstein" Most of the remaining Eocene area is occupied by the sands, gravel and clay of the Bagshot series. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 8, Slice 6 "Dodwell" to "Drama" Orohippus, with a larger skeleton, was found in the middle Eocene strata of Wyoming. Earth and Sky Every Child Should Know Easy studies of the earth and the stars for any time and place Mesonyx is also a very distinct type, from the North American Eocene and Oligocene. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 7, Slice 6 "Coucy-le-Château" to "Crocodile" I have long been convinced that we must abandon many of the identifications formerly made of Eocene with recent shells; but some errors of this kind do not affect the general reasoning on the subject. Principles of Geology or, The Modern Changes of the Earth and its Inhabitants Considered as Illustrative of Geology Geologists say that the eastern ranges of the Rocky Mountains are of the Eocene Age, and that the western ridges are Pliocene, and eons younger. Seeds of Pine Notes on Paleocene and lower Eocene mammal horizons of northern New Mexico and southern Colorado. Preliminary Survey of a Paleocene Faunule from the Angels Peak Area, New Mexico Next overlying the Eocene, the Miocene rocks have fossils of animals belonging to modern families—rhinoceroses, camels, deer, dogs, cats, horses—but the genera of which are now extinct. Earth and Sky Every Child Should Know Easy studies of the earth and the stars for any time and place Eocene Mammalia in the Peabody Museum, pt. i. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 7, Slice 6 "Coucy-le-Château" to "Crocodile" A division of tertiary strata intervening between the Eocene and Pliocene formations; so called, because a minority of its fossil shells are referable to living species. Principles of Geology or, The Modern Changes of the Earth and its Inhabitants Considered as Illustrative of Geology Rich floras have been discovered in the Miocene, the Eocene, and the Upper Cretaceous formations, and these consist almost wholly of living genera, and many of them of species very closely allied to existing forms. Island Life Or the Phenomena and Causes of Insular Faunas and Floras We are led, therefore, to inquire whether there was a time in the history of the Mediterranean, since the Eocene period, when the waters were lower than at present. Volcanoes: Past and Present One hundred different kinds of mammals have been found in the Eocene rocks, many of which have representative species at the same time in Europe and America. Earth and Sky Every Child Should Know Easy studies of the earth and the stars for any time and place In Europe and North America they date from the Lowest Eocene and lived till the early Oligocene, while in India they apparently survived till a much later epoch. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 7, Slice 6 "Coucy-le-Château" to "Crocodile" Map showing the Area in Europe which has been covered by Water since the beginning of the Eocene Period to face p. Principles of Geology or, The Modern Changes of the Earth and its Inhabitants Considered as Illustrative of Geology A few deposits of intermediate age have indeed been found, but these have been generally allocated either with the Chalk or the Eocene, leaving the gap almost as pronounced as before. Island Life Or the Phenomena and Causes of Insular Faunas and Floras Down to the close of the Eocene period the whole region now under consideration was occupied by the waters of the ocean. Volcanoes: Past and Present The Eocene rocks, lowest of the Tertiary strata, contain remains of animals the families of which are now extinct. Earth and Sky Every Child Should Know Easy studies of the earth and the stars for any time and place In a like manner the Potomac beds of N. America grade downwards into the Jurassic; while in the Laramie formation an upward passage is observed into the Eocene deposits. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 7, Slice 6 "Coucy-le-Château" to "Crocodile" Plate I. Map showing the extent of surface in Europe which has at one period or another been covered by the sea since the commencement of the deposition of the older or Eocene Tertiary strata. Principles of Geology or, The Modern Changes of the Earth and its Inhabitants Considered as Illustrative of Geology In deposits supposed to be of Eocene age in New South Wales and Victoria fossil plants have been found showing a very different vegetation from that now existing. Island Life Or the Phenomena and Causes of Insular Faunas and Floras The origin of the order from primitive insectivorous mammals must have taken place at least as early as the Lower Eocene. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 6, Slice 2 "Chicago, University of" to "Chiton" These comprise three series, called the Eocene, Miocene, and Pliocene, the Eocene being the oldest. Earth and Sky Every Child Should Know Easy studies of the earth and the stars for any time and place Lower Cretaceous limestones and schists, with radiolarian cherts, arc extensively developed; and in many parts of the island Upper Cretaceous limestones with Rudistes and Eocene beds with nummulites have been found. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 7, Slice 6 "Coucy-le-Château" to "Crocodile" Cetacea.—The absence of Cetacea from rocks older than the Eocene has been frequently adduced as lending countenance to the theory of the very late appearance of the highest class of Vertebrata on the earth. Principles of Geology or, The Modern Changes of the Earth and its Inhabitants Considered as Illustrative of Geology Thus may be explained the presence of enormous ice-borne rocks in Eocene and Miocene times in Central Europe, while at the very same period all the surrounding country enjoyed a tropical or sub-tropical climate. Island Life Or the Phenomena and Causes of Insular Faunas and Floras Cænolithic, or Tertiary Epoch, constitutes the Age of Mammals and Leaf Forests, and is made up of the Eocene, Miocene, and Phocene Period. Was Man Created? Eohippus, the dawn horse, is the name given a skeleton found in 1880 in the lower Eocene strata in Wyoming. Earth and Sky Every Child Should Know Easy studies of the earth and the stars for any time and place The structure is further complicated by a great thrust-plane which has brought the Jurassic and Lower Cretaceous beds upon the Upper Cretaceous and Eocene beds. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 7, Slice 6 "Coucy-le-Château" to "Crocodile" On the other hand, the gigantic Zeuglodon of North America occurs abundantly in the Middle Eocene strata of Georgia and Alabama, from which as yet no bones of land quadrupeds have been obtained. Principles of Geology or, The Modern Changes of the Earth and its Inhabitants Considered as Illustrative of Geology The Eocene period is even more characteristically tropical in its flora and fauna, since palms and Cycadace�, turtles, snakes, and crocodiles then inhabited England. Island Life Or the Phenomena and Causes of Insular Faunas and Floras And once more, he says, "we have also in like manner had some success of late years in diminishing the hiatus which still separates the Cretaceous and Eocene periods in Europe." Essays: Scientific, Political, & Speculative, Vol. I But the most important discovery of all is the Orohippus, which comes from the Eocene formation, and which is the oldest member of the equine series, as yet known. Little Masterpieces of Science: The Naturalist as Interpreter and Seer You’re groping in the prehistoric periods—Jurassic, Eocene, or some such.” The Night Riders A Romance of Early Montana We have also in like manner had some success of late years in diminishing the hiatus which still separates the Cretaceous and Eocene periods in Europe. Principles of Geology or, The Modern Changes of the Earth and its Inhabitants Considered as Illustrative of Geology The Secondary rocks alone are very scantily developed, and such fragments as exist are chiefly of Cretaceous age, often not clearly separated from the succeeding Eocene beds. Island Life Or the Phenomena and Causes of Insular Faunas and Floras It is quite probable, however, that they may yet be found in Eocene strata, since examples of their highest representatives, the anthropoid or manlike apes, have been found in Miocene rocks. Man And His Ancestor A Study In Evolution The first bee makes its appearance in the amber of the Eocene, locked up hermetically in its gem-like tomb,—an embalmed corpse in a crystal coffin,—along with fragments of flower-bearing herbs and trees. The Testimony of the Rocks or, Geology in Its Bearings on the Two Theologies, Natural and Revealed The most extensive of the oil shales of the United States are found in the Eocene beds of northwestern Colorado, northeastern Utah, and southwestern Wyoming, and in the Miocene beds of northern Nevada. The Economic Aspect of Geology The Eocene beds are folded, but the marginal Pliocene beds are not, and the final folding seems to have taken place during the Miocene period. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 3, Part 1, Slice 2 "Baconthorpe" to "Bankruptcy" Their remotest known ancestors appear in Western Europe in the early portion of the Eocene period; in the latter Eocene and the Miocene other forms occur both in Europe and North America. Island Life Or the Phenomena and Causes of Insular Faunas and Floras We divide it into Pliocene, Miocene, and Eocene, and each of these into upper, middle, and lower, the Eocene being the oldest. More Science From an Easy Chair The Eocene ages were peculiarly the ages of the Palæotheres,—strange animals of that pachydermatous or thick-skinned order to which the elephants, the tapirs, the hogs, and the horses belong. The Testimony of the Rocks or, Geology in Its Bearings on the Two Theologies, Natural and Revealed Far back in geological times the tapir-like Moeritherium, which wandered through Eocene swamps, had within itself the prophecy of two diverse lines. Edge of the Jungle Where this intervening band is not covered by recent gravel deposits, it exhibits beds of limestone, clays and sandstone with fossils, which, in age, range from the Lower Eocene to the Miocene. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 3, Part 1, Slice 2 "Baconthorpe" to "Bankruptcy" It was only when this period terminated that large areas in several parts of Europe became submerged and received the earliest Tertiary deposits known as Eocene. Island Life Or the Phenomena and Causes of Insular Faunas and Floras Ancestral forms of both were flourishing in the Eocene. Northern Nut Growers Association Report of the Proceedings at the 13th Annual Meeting Rochester, N.Y. September, 7, 8 and 9, 1922 It is important to notice that the great movements dating from the end of the Eocene period are almost confined to the Maritime Alps and the western portion of the Riviera. A Study of Recent Earthquakes But if we examine the skeletons of any ungulates from the lower Eocene deposits, we find that in no case is there any such arrangement to secure interlocking. Darwin, and After Darwin (Vol. 1 and 3, of 3) An Exposition of the Darwinian Theory and a Discussion of Post-Darwinian Questions There is a lacustrine group which has usually been placed in the Lower Eocene, but the discovery of Anthracotherium magnum in the interbedded lignites proves it to be Oligocene, in part at least. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 3, Part 1, Slice 2 "Baconthorpe" to "Bankruptcy" These may perhaps have occurred during the Eocene and Cretaceous epochs respectively, or all may have been included within the limits of the Tertiary period. Island Life Or the Phenomena and Causes of Insular Faunas and Floras Elliot, an eminent English anthropologist, tells us in his interesting volume, "Prehistoric Man," that "there was not, so far as we are aware, any carnivorous creature in the Eocene period." Northern Nut Growers Association Report of the Proceedings at the Eleventh Annual Meeting Washington, D. C. October 7 and 8, 1920 Later still, at the close of the Eocene period, an elevation of more than 9000 feet took place, for upper Eocene beds are found at this height in the Maritime Alps. A Study of Recent Earthquakes He may even have lived in the Miocene or Eocene period, when not a single mammal was identical in form with any existing species. Contributions to the Theory of Natural Selection A Series of Essays From this it would appear that a considerable part of the Malay peninsula must have been occupied by the sea during the greater part of the Mesozoic and Eocene periods. The Story of Atlantis and the Lost Lemuria Even the very earliest Ungulata show this distinction, which is completely developed and marked even in the Eocene pal�otherium and anoplotherium found in Paris by Cuvier. On the Genesis of Species The rock record answers the first question: the Primates emerged about the dawn of the Eocene era, when grass was beginning to cover the earth with a garment. The Outline of Science, Vol. 1 (of 4) A Plain Story Simply Told The Cretaceous beds have not yet been separated from the overlying Eocene, and the identification of the system rests on the discovery of a single Cenomanian ammonite. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 4, Part 4 "Bulgaria" to "Calgary" In one of these slides we found several small mammal jaws and teeth not known before from Canada, associated with fossil clam shells of Eocene age. Dinosaurs With Special Reference to the American Museum Collections Lemuria is said to have perished before the beginning of the Eocene age. The Story of Atlantis and the Lost Lemuria At the same time the differentiation of artiodactyle and perissodactyle forms existed as long ago as in the period of the Eocene ungulata, and that in a marked degree, as has been before observed. On the Genesis of Species Said the Loxolophodon: They considered him disposed of, And retired with gait serene; That was the way they argued In "the early Eocene." The Wit and Humor of America, Volume I. (of X.) The Eocene beds are marine and contain nummulites. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 4, Part 4 "Bulgaria" to "Calgary" The lowest Eocene deposits in the county are the Reading Beds. Hertfordshire The European pedigree of the horse stops here; in the America Tertiaries, on the contrary, the series of ancestral equine forms is continued into the Eocene formations. Thomas Henry Huxley; A Sketch Of His Life And Work To these now succeeded Upper Chalk, sediments of Danian age, and so on, till Eocene times, when the tale was completed and the existing ranges rose from the sea. The Birth-Time of the World and Other Scientific Essays But the most important discovery of all is the Orohippus, which comes from the Eocene formation, and is the oldest member of the equine series as yet known. Lectures and Essays Flysch, representing both the Cretaceous and Eocene systems, is widely distributed. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 4, Part 4 "Bulgaria" to "Calgary" It is, perhaps, not impertinent to mention here the opinion of geologists that during the Eocene Period a considerable portion of the land usually spoken of as S.E. Hertfordshire But the most important discovery of all is the Orohippus which comes from the Eocene formation, and is the oldest member of the equine series yet known. Thomas Henry Huxley; A Sketch Of His Life And Work The Nummulite beds of the Eocene were, as the result, ultimately uplifted 18,500 feet over sea level, a total uplift of not less than 20,000 feet. The Birth-Time of the World and Other Scientific Essays Thus Eocene indicates the dawn of recent species, Pliocene their increase, while Miocene, the intermediate term, means less recent. Young Folks' Library, Volume XI (of 20) Wonders of Earth, Sea and Sky The Eocene, or older Tertiary, further appears with nummulitic formations on both sides of the eastern Balkans; the Oligocene only near the Black Sea coast at Burgas. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 4, Part 4 "Bulgaria" to "Calgary" Austere and still, they face us, as they have faced this spot since that stormy Eocene morning when they sprang like the dragon's white teeth from the earth. A Midsummer Drive Through the Pyrenees The new Nemesis is really that which I have just put far from me—namely, that ‘modern savages represent everywhere the Eocene stratum of religion.’ Modern Mythology AN intelligent observer of the geological changes progressing in southern Europe in Eocene times would have seen little to inspire him with a premonition of the events then developing. The Birth-Time of the World and Other Scientific Essays They very probably belong to the Eocene Period. COSMOS: A Sketch of the Physical Description of the Universe, Vol. 1 Thus the Cainozoic era would embrace all the geological periods from Eocene to Recent. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 4, Part 4 "Bulgaria" to "Calgary" The three living genera—Crocodilus, Alligator, and Gavialis—are found in the Eocene formation, and allied forms of another genus, Holops, in the Chalk. Darwinism (1889) The Eocene rocks occur in several basins in Britain, France, the Netherlands, and other parts of Europe, and in the United States. The Ancient Life History of the Earth A Comprehensive Outline of the Principles and Leading Facts of Palæontological Science Today we find the folded Nummulitic strata of Eocene age uplifted 11,000 feet, or within 200 feet of the greatest heights of the Pyrenees. The Birth-Time of the World and Other Scientific Essays We are not discussing the animals of the Pleistocene, or the Eocene, or any period of the far-distant Past. Our Vanishing Wild Life Its Extermination and Preservation After these come the Tertiary periods: the Eocene first, where the landscape is already broken up by hills and mountains, clothed with a varied vegetation of comparatively modern character. The Atlantic Monthly, Volume 11, No. 67, May, 1863 These are followed in the Upper Eocene by the genus Amynodon, in which the skull assumes more distinctly the rhinocerotic type. Darwinism (1889) The Middle Eocene of the United States is represented by the Claiborne and Jackson beds. The Ancient Life History of the Earth A Comprehensive Outline of the Principles and Leading Facts of Palæontological Science Eohippus—Lower Eocene of America; fore-feet have four toes and a rudimentary thumb or pollex. Creation and Its Records Even the comparatively scanty Eocene fauna yields examples of the orders Cheiroptera, Insectivora, Rodentia, and Perissodactyla; of Artiodactyla under both the Ruminant and the Porcine modifications; of Carnivora, Cetacea, and Marsupialia. Critiques and Addresses The happy Eocene beheld him not; That cheerful epoch when a morning ramble Among the mammoths, without gun or shot, Must have been such a truly sportive scramble. Punch, or the London Charivari, Volume 99, September 13, 1890 The oldest representative of the horse at present known is the diminutive Eohippus from the Lower Eocene. Darwinism (1889) Strata of Upper Eocene age occur in North America at Vicksburg, Mississippi, and are known as the Vicksburg series. The Ancient Life History of the Earth A Comprehensive Outline of the Principles and Leading Facts of Palæontological Science Anchitherium—Eocene and Lower Miocene; three toes, but 2 and 4 are diminutive. Creation and Its Records The Pigs are traceable back through the Miocene epoch to the Upper Eocene, where they appear in the two well-marked forms of Hyopotamus and Chaeropotamus; but Hyopotamus appears to have had only two toes. Critiques and Addresses Fossils of giant penguins of Eocene and Miocene ages show that there has been extremely little development since. Scott's Last Expedition Volume I Several species have been found, but none occur later than the Upper Eocene. Darwinism (1889) Freshwater deposits of Eocene age are also largely developed in parts of the Rocky Mountain region. The Ancient Life History of the Earth A Comprehensive Outline of the Principles and Leading Facts of Palæontological Science It is worthy of remark, however, that in the fossil vegetation of the Eocene world these two vegetable tribes are found associated. The Atlantic Monthly, Volume 08, No. 46, August, 1861 The period in time and the changes in physical geography represented by the nummulitic deposits are undoubtedly very great, while the remains of Middle Eocene and Older Eocene Mammals are comparatively few. Critiques and Addresses These are probably of Eocene or of late Cretaceous age. The Project Gutenberg Encyclopedia Volume 1 of 28 In the next higher division of the Eocene another genus, Orohippus, makes its appearance, replacing Eohippus, and showing a greater, though still distant, resemblance to the equine type. Darwinism (1889) Middle Eocene. by Orbitoides, a form very similar to the Nummulite in external appearance, but differing in its internal details. The Ancient Life History of the Earth A Comprehensive Outline of the Principles and Leading Facts of Palæontological Science There is also abundant evidence to show that many of the present tropical forms flourished in central and southern Europe as far back as the warm inter-glacial epoch in the Eocene period. Life: Its True Genesis The Upper Eocene Anoplotherium, which is intercalary between the Pigs and the Tragulidae, has only two or, at most, three toes. Critiques and Addresses Eocene beds have not yet been proved to exist; but this is probably owing to the imperfect knowledge of the country, for the formation is known in Persia, Baluchistan and the Suliman Hills. The Project Gutenberg Encyclopedia Volume 1 of 28 In the latter formation 272 species have been discovered; but the 116 species in the Eocene form a larger proportion of the total vegetation of the period. Darwinism (1889) The Cœlenterates of the Eocene are represented principally by Corals, mostly of types identical with or nearly allied to those now in existence. The Ancient Life History of the Earth A Comprehensive Outline of the Principles and Leading Facts of Palæontological Science But how about the preëxisting germs or vital units of the mastodon, the megatherium, and other gigantic mammiferous quadrupeds of the Eocene period? Life: Its True Genesis In the remote Eocene period the same temperate lands were inhabited by lemurs in the East, and by curious animals believed to be intermediate between lemurs and marmosets in the West. Scientific American Supplement, No. 344, August 5, 1882 Evidences for the greater extension of the Eocene seas than was formerly considered to be the case have been discovered around Sokoto. The Project Gutenberg Encyclopedia Volume 1 of 28 When the new era of the Eocene period developed modern forms of plants, their rapid growth was accompanied by a great increase in the number of insects. The Naturalist on the Thames Lastly, the Eocene rocks have yielded in North America the remains of a small Equine quadruped, to which Marsh has given the name of Orohippus. The Ancient Life History of the Earth A Comprehensive Outline of the Principles and Leading Facts of Palæontological Science It is for this reason that the London clay is said to be Eocene, that is, the dawn of the new creation. Scientific Essays and Lectures The Upper Eocene Anoplotherium, which is intercalary between the Pigs and the Tragulidoe, has only two, or, at most, three toes. Discourses Biological and Geological Essays They contain the well-known nummulitic limestone of Eocene age, which has been traced from Egypt across Asia to China. The Project Gutenberg Encyclopedia Volume 1 of 28 We find many fossil remains of them in the older Tertiary deposits of Europe and North America, in the Eocene and Miocene. The Evolution of Man — Volume 2 No example of the great Ruminant group of the Ungulate Quadrupeds has as yet been detected in deposits of Eocene age. The Ancient Life History of the Earth A Comprehensive Outline of the Principles and Leading Facts of Palæontological Science They are the shingle beaches of the Eocene sea, part of which are preserved under the London clay. Scientific Essays and Lectures The Pigs are traceable back through the Miocene epoch to the Upper Eocene, where they appear in the two well-marked forms of Hyopopotamus and Choeropotamus; but Hyopotamus appears to have had only two toes. Discourses Biological and Geological Essays The Upper Eocene rocks of Egypt have also yielded primeval types of the Proboscidea and other mammalia. The Project Gutenberg Encyclopedia Volume 1 of 28 It is subdivided into four sections—the Eocene, Oligocene, Miocene, and Pliocene. The Evolution of Man — Volume 2 Eocene strata are very well developed in the neighbourhood of Paris, where they occupy a large area or basin scooped out of the Chalk. The Ancient Life History of the Earth A Comprehensive Outline of the Principles and Leading Facts of Palæontological Science There must have been miles and miles of oyster-bed at the bottom of that Eocene sea; among the oyster-beds, beds of a peculiar pebble, which we shall see in our gravel-pit. Scientific Essays and Lectures Even the comparatively scanty Eocene fauna yields examples of the orders Cheiroptera, Insectivora, Rodentia, and Perissodactyla; of Artiodactyla under both the Ruminant and the Porcine modifications; of Caranivora, Cetacea, and Marsupialia. Discourses Biological and Geological Essays In northern Africa a continuous sequence of volcanic events has taken place from Eocene times to latest Tertiary; but in South Africa it is doubtful if there have been any intrusions later then Cretaceous. The Project Gutenberg Encyclopedia Volume 1 of 28 I called the first or oldest of them Eocene, the second Miocene, and the third Pliocene. The Antiquity of Man The plants of the European Eocene are, however, in the main most closely allied to forms which are now characteristic of tropical or sub-tropical regions. The Ancient Life History of the Earth A Comprehensive Outline of the Principles and Leading Facts of Palæontological Science Did you come up to the mountains for this," I asked, "to increase your knowledge of the Eocene age? AE in the Irish Theosophist The period in tine and the changes in physical geography represented by the nummulitic deposits are undoubtedly very great, while the remains of Middle Eocene and Older Eocene Mammals are comparatively few. Discourses Biological and Geological Essays Certain species of sharks of medium size in the lower Eocene continue to increase till they attain the astounding dimensions in the Miocene and Pliocene of over one hundred feet long. Time and Change Some conchologists are now unwilling to allow that any Eocene species of shell has really survived to our times so unaltered as to allow of its specific identification with a living species. The Antiquity of Man London Clay, Isle of Sheppey. most of which indicate a warm climate as prevailing in the south of England at the commencement of the Eocene period. The Ancient Life History of the Earth A Comprehensive Outline of the Principles and Leading Facts of Palæontological Science "Or authentic information about Eocene man," suggested Robert. AE in the Irish Theosophist In the Eocene, or oldest subdivisions, some few of the testacea belong to existing species, although almost all of them, and apparently all the associated vertebrata, are now extinct. The Harvard Classics Volume 38 Scientific Papers (Physiology, Medicine, Surgery, Geology) In Eocene times they were nearly all flat. Time and Change This differs chiefly from Lyell's classification in the introduction of the term Oligocene for the upper part of the original Eocene, which was somewhat unwieldy. The Antiquity of Man In the Eocene strata of North America occur numerous plants belonging to existing types—such as Palms, Conifers, the Magnolia, Cinnamon, Fig. The Ancient Life History of the Earth A Comprehensive Outline of the Principles and Leading Facts of Palæontological Science Within two months, Professor Marsh had discovered a new genus of equine mammals, Eohippus, from the lowest Eocene deposits of the West, which corresponds very nearly to the description given above. Life and Letters of Thomas Henry Huxley — Volume 2 In the "flysch" of the Eocene of the Alps, few or no fossils have been found. Ragnarok : the Age of Fire and Gravel He left some of his superfluous forty-four teeth with his ancestral quadrumana of Eocene times, and kept thirty-two. Time and Change The Archaeopteryx macrurus, Owen, recently acquired by the British Museum, affords a second example of the discovery of the osseous remains of a bird in strata older than the Eocene. The Antiquity of Man Taken as a whole, the Eocene flora of North America is nearly related to that of the Miocene strata of Europe, as well as to that now existing in the American area. The Ancient Life History of the Earth A Comprehensive Outline of the Principles and Leading Facts of Palæontological Science The dog family diverged from the creodonts late in the Eocene, and divided into two branches, one of which evolved the wolves and the other the foxes. The Elements of Geology The occurrence in the Eocene of huge ice-carried blocks seems incomprehensible when the general character of the Eocene fossils is taken into account, for these have a somewhat tropical aspect. Ragnarok : the Age of Fire and Gravel In the Bad Lands of Arizona I could have cut my way into some of the Eocene formations with my pocket-knife. Time and Change Mr. J. Starke Gardner, the eminent English geologist, is of the opinion that in the Eocene Period a great extension of land existed to the west of Cornwall. Atlantis : the antediluvian world As regards the animals of the Eocene period, the Protozoans are represented by numerous Foraminifera, which reach here their maximum of development, both as regards the size of individuals and the number of generic types. The Ancient Life History of the Earth A Comprehensive Outline of the Principles and Leading Facts of Palæontological Science Whales evolved from some land ancestry at a very early date in the Tertiary; in the marine deposits of the Eocene are found the bones of the Zeuglodon, a whalelike creature seventy feet in length. The Elements of Geology In the Eocene of Switzerland, erratics have been found, some angular and some rounded. Ragnarok : the Age of Fire and Gravel There was no good ankle joint in early Eocene times. Time and Change Associated with the marls and limestones of Monte Bolca are beds containing lignite and shale with numerous plants, which have been described by Unger and Massalongo, and referred by them to the Eocene period. The Student's Elements of Geology Many of the Eocene Foraminifers are of small size; but even these not uncommonly form whole rock-masses. The Ancient Life History of the Earth A Comprehensive Outline of the Principles and Leading Facts of Palæontological Science The fossils of continental deposits of the earliest Eocene show that a marked advance had now been made in the evolution of the Mammalia. The Elements of Geology May we not venture to believe, that they are of nearly contemporaneous origin with the Eocene formations of the northern hemisphere? Geological Observations on South America In Eocene times nearly half the mammals lived on other animals; it must have been an age of great slaughter. Time and Change Metamorphic Strata of Eocene date in the Alps of Switzerland and Savoy. The Student's Elements of Geology Besides true Corals, the Eocene deposits have Fig. The Ancient Life History of the Earth A Comprehensive Outline of the Principles and Leading Facts of Palæontological Science Even in the Eocene, about five per cent of marine shells were of species still living, and in the Pliocene the proportion had risen to more than one half. The Elements of Geology At the end of the Eocene a great upheaval occurred; there were foldings and crumplings, igneous rock was thrust into the distorted mass, and the islands were considerably elevated above the sea. The Bontoc Igorot It is mainly these later formations—the Permian, the Jurassic, the Triassic, the Cretaceous, the Eocene,—that give the prevailing features to the South-western landscape that so astonish Eastern eyes. Time and Change Miocene of Bordeaux and south of France. — and Eocene, line between the. The Student's Elements of Geology The Univalves of the Eocene are extremely numerous, and generally beautifully preserved. The Ancient Life History of the Earth A Comprehensive Outline of the Principles and Leading Facts of Palæontological Science This order, which includes lemurs, monkeys, apes, and man, seems to have sprung from a creodont or insectivorous ancestry in the lower Eocene. The Elements of Geology You will have seen the eclaircissement about the Eocene monkeys of England. More Letters of Charles Darwin — Volume 1 The first appearance of the primates is in Eocene times and the anthropoid apes in the Miocene, probably five millions of years ago. Time and Change Foraminifera, Eocene. — of Mountain Limestone. — of the Chalk. The Student's Elements of Geology Middle Eocene. only is this the case, but a large number of the Eocene Univalves belong to types which now attain their maximum of development in the warmer regions of the globe. The Ancient Life History of the Earth A Comprehensive Outline of the Principles and Leading Facts of Palæontological Science By the end of the Eocene a three-toed genus of the horse family had appeared, as large as a sheep. The Elements of Geology This perhaps refers to the existence of Anoplotherium in the S. American Eocene formation: it is one of the points in which the fauna of S. America resembles Europe rather than N. America. More Letters of Charles Darwin — Volume 1 When we say that the primates first appeared in Eocene times, do we mean that one single primate appeared then? Time and Change Here, therefore, if anywhere, we might expect to find hypogene formations of Eocene date breaking out in the central axis or most disturbed region of the loftiest chain in Europe. The Student's Elements of Geology Eocene. the Paris basin alone, nearly one hundred and fifty species of this genus have been detected. The Ancient Life History of the Earth A Comprehensive Outline of the Principles and Leading Facts of Palæontological Science In Palestine the rise of the uplands of Judea at the close of the Eocene, and the downfaulting of the Jordan valley were followed by volcanic outbursts. The Elements of Geology In the earlier Miocene, and perhaps the later Eocene deposits of some parts of Europe, another extinct animal has been discovered, which Cuvier, who first described some fragments of it, considered to be a Palaeotherim. Lectures on Evolution They considered him disposed of, And retired with gait serene; That was the way they argued In "the early Eocene." The Home Book of Verse — Volume 4 The depression which they fill has been excavated out of Eocene and Cretaceous rocks, which form everywhere the sides of the valley in highly inclined stratification. The Student's Elements of Geology The more strictly fresh-water deposits of the Eocene period have also yielded numerous remains of Univalves such as are now proper to rivers and lakes, together with the shells of true Land-snails. The Ancient Life History of the Earth A Comprehensive Outline of the Principles and Leading Facts of Palæontological Science The long ages of the Eocene and the following epochs of the Tertiary were times of comparatively rapid evolution among the Mammalia. The Elements of Geology All who have occupied themselves with the structure of Anchitherium, from Cuvier onwards, have acknowledged its many points of likeness to a well-known genus of extinct Eocene mammals, Palaeotherium. Lectures on Evolution In this sea, as in the earlier oceans, vast deposits of sediment were made in the early Eocene period, and another period of subsidence occurred. The Grand Canyon of Arizona; how to see it The same genus has also been found in the Upper Eocene marls of Hordwell Cliff, Hampshire, just below the level of the Bembridge Limestone, and therefore a formation older than the Gypsum of Paris. The Student's Elements of Geology Remains of Fishes are very abundant in strata of Eocene age, especially in certain localities. The Ancient Life History of the Earth A Comprehensive Outline of the Principles and Leading Facts of Palæontological Science Phenacodus is a characteristic genus of the early Eocene, whose species varied in size from that of a bulldog to that of an animal a little larger than a sheep. The Elements of Geology I have altered the sentence about the Eocene fauna being beaten by recent, thanks to your remark. Life and Letters of Charles Darwin — Volume 1 To the west and south is the Coconino Forest; beyond is seen the dry bed of the ancient Eocene lake, and the blue ridge, where the lava-flows from Mount Floyd shut in the view. The Grand Canyon of Arizona; how to see it They clearly indicate points where rivers entered the Eocene sea. The Student's Elements of Geology The most famous depot for the fossil fishes of this period is the limestone of Monte Bolca, near Verona, which is interstratified with beds of volcanic ashes, the whole being referable to the Middle Eocene. The Ancient Life History of the Earth A Comprehensive Outline of the Principles and Leading Facts of Palæontological Science In the middle Eocene they roamed in vast herds from Oregon to Kansas and Nebraska. The Elements of Geology Were the beautiful volute and cone shells of the Eocene epoch, and the gracefully sculptured ammonites of the Secondary period, created that man might ages afterwards admire them in his cabinet? The Origin of Species by means of Natural Selection, 6th Edition The Mesozoic era has three periods, the Triassic, Jurassic and Cretaceous, while the Cenozoic era names five periods,—the Eocene, Oligocene, Miocene, Pliocene and Pleistocene. The Grand Canyon of Arizona; how to see it The Woolwich or plastic clay above described may often be seen in the Hampshire basin in actual contact with the chalk, constituting in such places the lowest member of the British Eocene series. The Student's Elements of Geology The great majority of the Eocene Fishes belong to the Fig. The Ancient Life History of the Earth A Comprehensive Outline of the Principles and Leading Facts of Palæontological Science The first sub-family is the entirely extinct group of Hyracodonts, which may be traced in successive modifications through the upper Eocene, lower and middle Oligocene, then disappearing altogether. Darwin and Modern Science When we find that the surviving reptiles retreat southward, only lingering in Europe during the renewed warmth of the Eocene and Miocene periods, this interpretation is sufficiently confirmed. The Story of Evolution I have spoken of the peaks and islets that first emerged from the Eocene Sea, and received the rains. The Grand Canyon of Arizona; how to see it That gypsum has been selected by almost all Continental geologists as affording the best line of demarkation between the Middle and Lower Tertiary, or, in other words, between the Lower Miocene and Eocene formations. The Student's Elements of Geology In addition to the above, a few Ganoids and a large number of Placoids are known to occur in the Eocene rocks. The Ancient Life History of the Earth A Comprehensive Outline of the Principles and Leading Facts of Palæontological Science Each one of the different Eocene and Oligocene horizons has its characteristic genus of horses, showing a slow, steady progress in a definite direction, all parts of the structure participating in the advance. Darwin and Modern Science But the seas and the rains and rivers are acting with renewed vigour on the elevated lands, and the Eocene period closes in a fresh age of levelling. The Story of Evolution Not a tree, not a shrub, not a flower, not a blade of grass relieved the monotony of the wilderness of rocks which emerged from the great Eocene sea. The Grand Canyon of Arizona; how to see it The strata next in order in the descending series are those which I term Eocene. The Student's Elements of Geology Eocene. characteristic Mesozoic types is as marked a phenomenon as the introduction of new forms. The Ancient Life History of the Earth A Comprehensive Outline of the Principles and Leading Facts of Palæontological Science Apparently related to the horses and derived from the same root-stock is the family of the Palaeotheres, confined to the Eocene and Oligocene of Europe, dying out without descendants. Darwin and Modern Science The flora of Greenland—a flora that includes magnolias, figs, and bamboos—shows us that its temperature in the Eocene period must have been about 30 degrees higher than it is to-day. The Story of Evolution This fact is important as bearing on the propriety of classing the Lower Molasse of Switzerland as belonging to the Miocene rather than to the latter part of the Eocene period. The Student's Elements of Geology M. Alcide d'Orbigny has shown that the foraminifera of the Vienna basin differ alike from the Eocene and Pliocene species, and agree with those of the faluns, so far as the latter are known. The Student's Elements of Geology Lastly, the modern order of the Crocodilia is largely represented in Eocene times, by species belonging to all the existing genera, together with others referable to extinct types. The Ancient Life History of the Earth A Comprehensive Outline of the Principles and Leading Facts of Palæontological Science From the lower Eocene to the lower sub-stage of the middle Oligocene the series is complete, beginning with small and rather lightly built animals. Darwin and Modern Science The Tertiary Era is divided by geologists into four periods: the Eocene, Oligocene, Miocene, and Pliocene. The Story of Evolution It therefore teaches us what a grand succession of distinct assemblages of mammalia flourished on the earth during the Eocene period. The Student's Elements of Geology In the map in Figure 164, the position of several Eocene areas in the north of Europe is pointed out. The Student's Elements of Geology Eocene Tertiary, Isle of Wight. present day these forms are all geographically restricted in their range, and are never associated together. The Ancient Life History of the Earth A Comprehensive Outline of the Principles and Leading Facts of Palæontological Science This is because of our still very incomplete knowledge of several perissodactyl genera of the Eocene, any one of which may eventually prove to be the ancestor sought for. Darwin and Modern Science The Pyrenees and Apennines had begun to rise at the end of the Eocene, straining the crust until it spluttered with volcanoes, casting the nummulitic sea off large areas of Southern Europe. The Story of Evolution It was formerly confounded with the London Clay, an older Eocene deposit of very similar mineral character, to be mentioned below, which contains many shells in common, but not more than one-fourth of the whole. The Student's Elements of Geology Where the widest gaps appear in the sequence of the fossil forms, as between the Permian and Triassic rocks, or between the Cretaceous and Eocene, examples of such unconformability are very frequent. The Student's Elements of Geology Almost all the existing orders of Birds, if not all, are represented in the Eocene deposits by remains often very closely allied to existing types. The Ancient Life History of the Earth A Comprehensive Outline of the Principles and Leading Facts of Palæontological Science From the lower Eocene onward the history of this series is substantially complete, though much remains to be learned concerning the earlier members of the family. Darwin and Modern Science Amber is the resin that exuded from pine-like trees, especially in the Baltic region, in the Eocene and Oligocene periods. The Story of Evolution A great majority of the Eocene genera have disappeared from our temperate climates, but not the whole of them; and they must all have exerted some influence on the assemblages of species which succeeded them. The Student's Elements of Geology The lower tertiary strata of London and Paris were thought by M. Deshayes to contain only 3 1/2 per cent of recent species, and were termed Eocene. The Student's Elements of Geology At the same time, there are some amongst the Eocene quadrupeds which have a "generalised" character, and which may be regarded as structural types standing midway between groups now sharply separated from one another. The Ancient Life History of the Earth A Comprehensive Outline of the Principles and Leading Facts of Palæontological Science Metamorphic Strata of Eocene date in the Alps of Switzerland and Savoy. The Student's Elements of Geology No new families of insects have appeared since the Eocene, and the ancient types had by that time disappeared. The Story of Evolution We find a number of strange patriarchal beasts entering the scene in the early Eocene, and spreading into a great variety of forms in the genial conditions of the Oligocene and Miocene. The Story of Evolution Nummulites intermedia, a Middle Eocene form, ascends into the Lower Miocene, but it seems doubtful whether any species descends to the level of the London clay, still less to the Argile plastique or Woolwich beds. The Student's Elements of Geology The order of the Marsupials—including the existing Kangaroos, Wombats, Opossums, Phalangers, &c.—is poorly represented in deposits of Eocene age. The Ancient Life History of the Earth A Comprehensive Outline of the Principles and Leading Facts of Palæontological Science From the primitive Hyrochinus of the Eocene, in which it is dimly foreshadowed, we pass to a large and varied family in the later periods. The Story of Evolution Since the Eocene, however, the species have been almost entirely changed, so that the insect record, from its commencement in the Primary Era, has the stamp of evolution on every page of it. The Story of Evolution The Artiodactyl group must have quickly branched in turn, as we find very primitive hogs and camels before the end of the Eocene. The Story of Evolution In North America the Eocene formations occupy a large area bordering the Atlantic, which increases in breadth and importance as it is traced southward from Delaware and Maryland to Georgia and Alabama. The Student's Elements of Geology Many forms of the Dinocerata are known; but all these singular and gigantic quadrupeds appear to have been confined to the North American continent, and to be restricted to the Eocene period. The Ancient Life History of the Earth A Comprehensive Outline of the Principles and Leading Facts of Palæontological Science In the later Eocene a larger and more advanced animal, the Palaeomastodon, makes its appearance. The Story of Evolution When the light falls again on the Eocene period we find great numbers of our familiar types quite developed. The Story of Evolution Their early Eocene ancestors, the Creodonts, gave rise in the Eocene to forms which we may regard as the forerunners of the cat-family and dog-family, to which most of our familiar Carnivores belong. The Story of Evolution Among the formations alluded to, the Thanet Sands of Prestwich have been sufficiently described in the last chapter, and classed as Lower Eocene. The Student's Elements of Geology Lastly, the Eocene deposits have yielded more or less satisfactory evidence of Page 305 the existence in Europe at this period of examples of the orders Fig. The Ancient Life History of the Earth A Comprehensive Outline of the Principles and Leading Facts of Palæontological Science Primitive weasels, civets, and hyaenas appear also in the Eocene. The Story of Evolution The absence of early Eocene remains prevents us from tracing the lines of our vast and varied bird-kingdom to their Mesozoic beginnings. The Story of Evolution The Rodents are represented in primitive form early in the Eocene period. The Story of Evolution By many able palaeontologists the species of fossils, more than fifty in number, were declared to be more Eocene in their appearance than Cretaceous. The Student's Elements of Geology The femurs appear in the Eocene; the monkeys, and afterwards the apes, in the Miocene, the first semi-human forms in the Pleistocene, though they must have been developed before this. The Story of Evolution |
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