| 单词 | Enlightenment |
| 例句 | Having recently declared its independence from the powerful Spanish Empire, it embraced more fully than any other nation of its time the European Enlightenment. Cosmos 1980-01-01T00:00:00Z Merchants and charlatans gained control of Europe, calling their insidious gospel “The Enlightenment.” A Confederacy of Dunces 1980-01-01T00:00:00Z For that matter, how can Clausewitz be a product both of the Enlightenment and of the German Romantic movement, which arose in reaction to the Enlightenment? The Sense of Style 2014-09-04T00:00:00Z He asked more about my notions of the Net as a second Enlightenment. Geeks: How Two Lost Boys Rode the Internet Out of Idaho 2000-01-01T00:00:00Z It had been blessed by priests back home—the Enlighteners, they were called, because their monastery was the Place of Full Enlightenment. Dragonwings 1975-01-01T00:00:00Z In politics, science, philosophy and literature this was the period of the Enlightenment. The Story of Music 2012-12-25T00:00:00Z The prosperity this engendered was one of the cushions on which the Enlightenment floated. 1491 2005-10-10T00:00:00Z If I were in Chicago again, I should drop by; he’d love to have me sit in on his Enlightenment class. Geeks: How Two Lost Boys Rode the Internet Out of Idaho 2000-01-01T00:00:00Z O’Neill, Jesse said, was teaching his Enlightenment course that day, so the subject had been on his mind. Geeks: How Two Lost Boys Rode the Internet Out of Idaho 2000-01-01T00:00:00Z It was only with hindsight that they came to symbolize a new era; and it was the Scientific Revolution itself which was chiefly responsible for the Enlightenment’s conviction that progress had become unstoppable. The Invention of Science 2015-09-17T00:00:00Z It turned out we were both drawn to the same Enlightenment thinker, David Hume. Geeks: How Two Lost Boys Rode the Internet Out of Idaho 2000-01-01T00:00:00Z For two days I tried to wrestle meaning from the textbook’s dense passages, but terms like “civic humanism” and “the Scottish Enlightenment” dotted the page like black holes, sucking all the other words into them. Educated 2018-02-20T00:00:00Z But I perked up when he said he was teaching a class on the Enlightenment. Geeks: How Two Lost Boys Rode the Internet Out of Idaho 2000-01-01T00:00:00Z In its thwarted optimism, the news is the disillusioned progeny of the Enlightenment. Outrage is actually optimism: We’re mad because people should be better 2014-02-22T16:00:00Z In God and Man at Yale, he argued against the Enlightenment idea that society improved as the public weighed fact-based arguments. This is how the GOP imploded: The real story behind the conservative crack-up, and the creation of Donald Trump 2016-03-06T05:00:00Z However, as the Enlightenment went on in subsequent centuries, categorization of the races became a central taxonomic venture, and this in due course had its effect in sharpening racial attitudes. What is “white supremacy”? A brief history of a term, and a movement, that continues to haunt America 2017-04-23T04:00:00Z Was there an English Enlightenment, a tradition of rationalism stretching from Bacon and Hobbes to Locke and Shaftesbury and eventually Paine and Wollstonecraft? The Enlightenment and Why It Still Matters by Anthony Pagden – review 2013-07-24T11:19:42Z His most recent book is “The Dream of Enlightenment: The Rise of Modern Philosophy.” How We Got to Be So Self-Absorbed: The Long Story 2018-06-21T04:00:00Z They agreed that claims of the “absolute character” of scientific truth, and the supposed triumph of Enlightenment reason, needed to be challenged. Joyce Appleby, Historian of Capitalism and American Identity, Is Dead at 87 2017-01-02T05:00:00Z William Lloyd Garrison’s Liberator – the nation’s most important anti-slavery and anti-death penalty magazine — was dedicated to the uncompromising and revolutionary promises of the Enlightenment, modernity and democracy. 5 things you may not know about death penalty 2013-04-03T13:05:00Z The result is a spectacle that conveys the thrill of the Enlightenment as well as the delirium of revolution. Aux armes, historiens! 2015-04-30T04:00:00Z But Mr. Crawford skips quickly past smartphones and other devices to what he sees as the deeper problem: the Enlightenment notion of the autonomous self. Matthew Crawford and How to Survive Brain-Eating Distractions 2015-03-25T04:00:00Z And that Enlightenment ethos also extended to gripping self-portraits and pictures of lovers, done with quite a bit of anatomical accuracy. 21 Art Exhibitions to View in N.Y.C. This Weekend 2020-02-27T05:00:00Z When King Charles III of Spain commissioned the building in the 1780s, he wanted a museum of natural science to celebrate the spirit of the Enlightenment. The Prado Museum, Spain’s Cultural Jewel, Turns 200 2019-01-28T05:00:00Z One of the nominees for translated books, Shokoofeh Azar’s “The Enlightenment of the Greengage Tree,” is on the shortlist for the International Book Prize. First two longlists announced for National Book Awards 2020-09-16T04:00:00Z When geography came into being as a subject during the Enlightenment maps have been regarded as its handmaiden. Art of maps 2010-04-30T09:48:00Z The art museum idea was born of the European Enlightenment, which emerged in the 18th century from epic, often brutal colonial adventuring around the world. The new LACMA: Plans call for radical change to how we see the permanent collection 2017-05-25T04:00:00Z Most were acquired by Count Carl Gustaf Tessin, who sat at the top of Swedish politics in the era of the Enlightenment. Art and Museums in NYC This Week 2017-02-23T05:00:00Z Given the cruel failures of an Enlightenment age that ended in the slaughter of World War I, inventing a new way of thinking was essential. 'Helen Lundeberg: A Retrospective' downplays the painter's key early works 2016-04-07T04:00:00Z In “Fatal Discord,” Michael Massing looks at the illuminating tensions between Erasmus and Martin Luther at the dawn of the Enlightenment. 11 New Books We Recommend This Week 2018-04-05T04:00:00Z The art of Chardin is an exquisite expression of this Enlightenment ideal. Tom Gidley, Howard Hodgkin and Bridget Riley – the week in art 2012-06-01T15:31:33Z Female voices have been central to public life in the west ever since the Enlightenment: 300 years ago, their growing assertiveness helped bring about our first sexual revolution. Sex and the Citadel by Shereen El Feki – review 2013-03-06T14:00:01Z In addition to the painting, the museum posted a series of portraits of leaders of the French Enlightenment on its website, titling the post “Words of Freedom in the Collections of the Palace.” At Versailles, a Very French Response to Terrorist Attack 2015-01-14T05:00:00Z In “The Moral Arc” I argue that this is not the case, and that most moral progress is the result of science, reason, and secular values developed during the Enlightenment. Bill Maher is right about religion: The Orwellian ridiculousness of Jesus, and the truth about moral progress 2015-01-18T05:00:00Z American slavery was a special case: by surviving the Enlightenment, it was exposed in all its venality. Exhibition Review: An Unseen Evil Still Ensnaring Countless Souls 2010-10-08T22:54:00Z It would be easy to say that it was exclusively to do with a new, disinterested idea of objective truth — the same impulse that informed the Enlightenment and the scientific revolution. Review | You’ve probably never heard of these artists, but they painted reality in a way we’ve lost sight of 2020-02-24T05:00:00Z To disagree is not to destroy: that is a pact of understanding, brought to birth by the Enlightenment, to which all sides in this terrible saga, bar the assailants, feel honor-bound to subscribe. Shooting the Jesters 2015-01-08T05:00:00Z Ticciati chose ideal, unhurried tempi and the Orchestra of the Age of Enlightenment delivered incisive playing, yet the sparks have yet to fly. Les Troyens; Le nozze di Figaro; Simón Bolívar Symphony Orchestra/Dudamel – review 2012-06-30T23:07:11Z George Stubbs’s 1762 monumental painting “A Lion Attacking a Horse,” for instance, is rooted in the comparative anatomy studies of the Enlightenment but could also be taken as a comment on human-on-human violence. Review: ‘The Critique of Reason’ Revisits What Romantic Art Means 2015-04-09T04:00:00Z According to a program note, the first piece, Wayne McGregor’s “FAR,” was inspired by the “controversial” Age of Enlightenment. Fall for Dance Closes With Lidberg and Ashton 2014-10-21T04:00:00Z But for all the darkness they depict, Mr. Cogitore and Ms. Dembélé also revive the genuine joy the Enlightenment took in cultural encounter and discovery. An 18th-Century Opera, Supercharged for Our Time 2019-10-14T04:00:00Z But part of her appeal was her very firmness on subjects like Charles Darwin, the differences between France and England during the Enlightenment, and marriage in the Victorian era. Gertrude Himmelfarb, Conservative Historian of Ideas, Dies at 97 2019-12-31T05:00:00Z His seat had also been held by the Enlightenment philosopher Montesquieu and Alexandre Dumas fils, the scion of the family with black Haitian roots. Dany Laferrière, a Guardian of French, Joins the Académie Française 2015-05-29T04:00:00Z Most of his installations include a dictionary—for a bad speller, a tool of Enlightenment and a symbol of personal evolution. An L.A. Artist Who Anticipated Our Trumpian Moment 2017-03-08T05:00:00Z Neatly employing Hannah and Bernard as his philosophical exponents, Stoppard commences his story as the Enlightenment slides into the chaos and disorder of the Romantic era. Strong cast and inspired staging command your attention in A Noise Within's 'Arcadia' 2016-09-15T04:00:00Z An influx of botanical, zoological and anthropological information brought home by explorers from an expanding known world coincided with the emergence of a euphoric kind of secular consciousness that peaked with the French Enlightenment. Art Review: ‘Gardening by the Book’ Celebrates Rare Botanical Volumes 2013-06-13T21:26:09Z With the Enlightenment in full swing, Jean-Philippe Rameau pushed forward the idea of music as science. Of the spheres 2010-07-02T23:05:00Z Interesting things at the Old Vic Tunnels include the community show Epidemic this weekend and the start of Enlightenment Café towards the end of the week. What to see: Lyn Gardner's theatre tips 2012-05-25T16:48:54Z As a fan of the Enlightenment, I think “thoughts” are precious commodities. Perspective | Gene Weingarten: Here’s what you can do with your ‘thoughts and prayers’ 2017-10-20T04:00:00Z Traditionally, a guru is a spiritual teacher who guides a student on the road to Enlightenment, or finding God. Wendy Shanker: Madonna is my guru 2010-05-09T21:00:00Z In this respect, he is emphasizing one of the preoccupations of the great national museums, especially those created during the Enlightenment. Museum Review: The Israel Museum in Jerusalem, Renewed 2012-07-14T00:49:03Z At one point in the memoir, in the autumn of 1918, at the dangerous Ukrainian border, a local “commissar of arts” orders Teffi’s group to entertain the proletariat at his Club of Enlightenment and Culture. Teffi’s “Memories” and the Women of the Russian Revolution 2016-05-24T04:00:00Z The tragedy Schiller wrote, in five outraged and overstuffed acts, was a “Romeo and Juliet” for the Age of Enlightenment, with loads of politics and a romantic rival mixed in. Review: Pulled Apart by ‘Love and Intrigue’ 2018-06-08T04:00:00Z Although he was criticized for focusing too narrowly on Western Europe, Dr. Gay helped define the Enlightenment era as a completion of the revival of ancient Greek culture that began with the Renaissance. Peter Gay, historian who wrote about Freud and the Enlightenment, dies 2015-05-12T04:00:00Z Instead, he traces the evolution of liberalism from its roots in the Enlightenment. On the barricades 2014-05-22T04:00:00Z This icon of the Enlightenment was also deeply into the occult. TV highlights 12/04/2013 2013-04-12T06:00:05Z The 1736 law was driven by Enlightenment sentiments that regarded all magic as false; it downgraded magic to a form of fraud. Hello magic and witchcraft, goodbye Enlightenment 2018-10-31T04:00:00Z The details of the Holocaust are too abhorrent and too well known to be shoehorned into Beethoven’s opera, with its radiant confidence in the ideals of the Enlightenment. Santa Fe Opera Sets ‘Fidelio’ in a Concentration Camp 2014-08-03T04:00:00Z Mr Roberts, who is an ardent fan, portrays him as an Enlightenment figure whom many saw as the embodiment of progress and meritocracy. Flawed sparkler 2014-09-18T04:00:00Z Taken to extremes, as Theodor W. Adorno insisted, the Enlightenment principles of reason and logic would pave the road to Auschwitz. The Perils of Order, Taken to the Extreme 2016-12-08T05:00:00Z It’s a vision of science as a liberal enterprise in the broadest sense; as in the Renaissance and Enlightenment, it’s liberating, it expands the universe, it threatens an established social order. Plateau Stage: Masters of Sex Figures Itself Out 2013-11-04T13:45:39Z The United States was born in the Age of Enlightenment; its founding fathers were determined not to follow the European model of “might makes right” and transactional morality. Letters to the Editor 2018-04-13T04:00:00Z Enlightenment Music Series, a chamber music group that usually performs in Pasadena, will play the Brandenburg Concerto No. 4 near Traxx restaurant in Union Station. Los Angeles' Bach in the Subways celebration ready to roll Saturday 2015-03-19T04:00:00Z Glyndebourne's new production, conducted by Vladimir Jurowski and with the Orchestra of the Age of Enlightenment, began with a big bang: literally, in the form of the solemn opening chords of the overture. I Was Looking at the Ceiling and Then I Saw the Sky; Icarus at the Edge of Time; Don Giovanni 2010-07-10T23:05:00Z The Enlightenment vision of artifacts unveiling universal truths has fallen prey to skepticism. Critic?s Notebook: Quai Branly Museum in Paris Glorifies the ?Other? 2011-11-25T23:47:39Z Indeed, it mirrors what the western world was like for most of its history, until the Enlightenment – a society in which sex, like religion, was not private but public. Sex and the Citadel by Shereen El Feki – review 2013-03-06T14:00:01Z A taut little four-hander, it's essentially a clever Enlightenment parable about the relationship between humanity's natural instincts and society. L'Isola Disabitata ? review 2010-10-27T22:29:00Z Compiled in 1941-42 by the Reich Ministry for Public Enlightenment and Propaganda — Goebbels’s department — the ledger is on loan from Victoria and Albert Gallery in London. Art Review: ‘Degenerate Art,’ at Neue Galerie, Recalls Nazi Censorship 2014-03-13T21:50:31Z He believes that " should take an active role in society", and he is a tireless propagandist for "Enlightenment Values". The God Argument: the Case Against Religion and For Humanism by AC Grayling – review 2013-03-07T10:00:01Z Should we be discussing "the" Enlightenment, as if it were a singular phenomenon, or "enlightenments"? The Enlightenment and Why It Still Matters by Anthony Pagden – review 2013-07-24T11:19:42Z But soon they started to feel like that question — a chestnut going back to the Enlightenment — was all wrong. What if Everything You Learned About Human History Is Wrong? 2021-10-31T04:00:00Z The bride, 28, is the founder and the director of the Public Sphere, a nonprofit cultural group based in London that revives the Enlightenment tradition of salon culture. Justine Kolata, Louis Schwizgebel 2018-07-29T04:00:00Z There’s something moving about these Enlightenment leaders losing themselves in the arbitrary, and, as always, Roussel points back to the intricacies of his own method, its reliance on chance and play. How Raymond Roussel Put the Impossible on the Page 2019-05-02T04:00:00Z Inside, the Age of Enlightenment: local craft ales, a “bun bar,” a small square room with a stage in back. Music Review: Black Cobra, the Body, Zoroaster at St. Vitus - Review 2011-12-12T23:25:11Z If “light” is supposed to refer to the Enlightenment, this is also a perversion of standards. A witch hunt or a quest for justice: An insider’s perspective on disgraced academic Avital Ronell 2018-09-08T04:00:00Z Enlightenment is where you find it, even backstage. | Fashion Diary: Thakoon Finds Intensity in the Present ? New York Fashion Week 2011-09-12T22:51:21Z Hats off to the Orchestra of the Age of Enlightenment for programming it in early January. OAE/Fischer – review 2013-01-11T14:18:12Z Still, at the first meeting of his American Revolution class after the 2016 election, Parkinson found himself pivoting to talk about Enlightenment values, and the fragility of democracy. The Battle for 1776 2021-07-02T04:00:00Z Honey’s, a low-key bar and tasting room that belongs to Enlightenment Wines, is just across the tracks from the Brooklyn Mirage. Fun Things to Do This Weekend: Pride, Summer Solstice and Sensory Overload in Brighton Beach 2018-06-21T04:00:00Z As in his previous novel, he overlays his historical research with a veil of the paranormal, no mean feat when many of the characters are Enlightenment scientists. The Poisoned Island by Lloyd Shepherd – review 2013-03-15T17:34:01Z The music director of the Berlin Philharmonic, Simon Rattle, is passionately committed to period instruments and continues to conduct the Age of Enlightenment orchestra. Early Music Is Enjoying Its Moment 2011-03-06T01:45:27Z First was the era of the great coffee houses in London between 1652 and 1750, which became the focus of politics, law and the turbulent waters of the Enlightenment. The coffee revolution 2014-06-07T04:00:00Z With all due respect to the Enlightenment, rationalist worry about who Cain’s wife could have been is naïve. The Truth and Fiction of Adam and Eve 2017-10-06T04:00:00Z He is in fact the soul of the 18th-century Enlightenment in the body of a 21st-century Yorkshire yenta wearing bicycle clips. Alan Bennett’s Latest Nonfiction 2017-12-01T05:00:00Z The name says it all: This marching, upbeat declaration of a tune — which debuted three decades earlier, on “Enlightenment” — embodies the unity between movement and liberation that’s at the core of Mr. Tyner’s music. McCoy Tyner’s Essential Recordings: Listen to 11 Tracks 2020-03-09T04:00:00Z "It is within the power of the humanities and the serious creative arts within them to express our existence in ways that begin at last to realize the dreams of the Enlightenment," Wilson argues. The arts become Earth-aware: Dawning age of what are known as eco-arts 2014-12-26T05:00:00Z It lives in a rather tired-looking cul-de-sac of a room and from next year will be moved to a new space beyond the Enlightenment gallery. British Museum vows to help regional collections through tough times 2012-07-04T13:46:14Z The fallacy lies in the fact that Modernization, and especially the Enlightenment, made us think of values such as laïcité as universal. Europe is not a secular paradise — and Americans should be careful when embracing this myth 2016-11-27T05:00:00Z Her scents can be read as feminist subversions of the primacy of the visual in art and the Enlightenment’s celebration of the human brain as the seat of all intelligence. The Artistic Aromas of Anicka Yi 2021-10-11T04:00:00Z Diderot and his Encylopédie and this Enlightenment idea that basically knowledge had been held back by the aristocrats and all the rest. Stewart Brand and the Whole Earth Catalog, the book that changed the world 2013-05-04T23:00:04Z He sees himself as encouraging teachers to become proud missionaries of the Enlightenment, at a time when the government wants to turn them into servile cheerleaders for empire. The God Argument: the Case Against Religion and For Humanism by AC Grayling – review 2013-03-07T10:00:01Z Dr. Gay received the National Book Award in 1967 for his first volume of “The Enlightenment: An Interpretation,” subtitled “The Rise of Modern Paganism.” Peter Gay, historian who wrote about Freud and the Enlightenment, dies 2015-05-12T04:00:00Z She had a warm relationship with the Orchestra of the Age of Enlightenment, and with William Christie, whose restless musical imagination was the driving force in this all-Handel concert. OAE/Christie – review 2013-06-05T17:39:34Z The show explores how Enlightenment ideas worked their way into their output, and compares and contrasts the work of artists who traveled abroad with those who stayed at home. Cannes Festival Begins and Chinese Artists Head to Sydney: Global Arts Guide 2016-05-06T04:00:00Z Bill Maher, the host of HBO’s “Real Time,” is a shining beacon of the New American Enlightenment, radiant with goodness and hope. Bill Maher, American hero: Laughing at religion is exactly what the world needs 2015-04-26T04:00:00Z On Aug. 10, 1793, France’s revolutionary government brought into being one of the crowning projects of the Enlightenment: the Louvre Museum. How Napoleon Became One of History’s Most Rapacious Art Looters 2021-05-11T04:00:00Z The political was born of the Reformation and the Enlightenment. Secularists are not atheists 2012-09-09T16:00:00Z The common narrative is that the Enlightenment started in England and spread to the rest of Europe. Digital keys for unlocking the humanities' riches 2010-11-18T02:01:00Z The Enlightenment and Why it Still Mattersby Anthony Pagden Anthony Pagden is very much of the camp that believes an "Enlightenment", across several countries and with broad similarities of purpose and method, did indeed occur. The Enlightenment and Why It Still Matters by Anthony Pagden – review 2013-07-24T11:19:42Z Now, I've been given the findings of Melissa Dobson's research from – guess who? – the Orchestra of the Age of Enlightenment, for obvious reasons. It'll take more than Bach and a beer to give the young a taste for the classical 2010-10-22T13:19:00Z Packer and Rauch are here to defend the liberalism of the Enlightenment — equality and scientific rationality in an unapologetically Western-tradition sense. Speaking Truth to Both the Right and the Left 2021-06-14T04:00:00Z A German and secret admirer of Voltaire, Struensee came to the palace with an agenda; he’s been dispatched by other believers in the Enlightenment to get the king’s ear. A Royal Affair: The Enlightenment Brings Sexy Back 2012-11-08T15:00:36Z There was a period when I would regularly check out books about William Penn and the colonial Pennsylvanians, and I saw their Enlightenment ideals continued more by modern liberals than conservatives. Bullied, autistic and obsessed with presidents: How the 2000 presidential election changed my life 2021-10-02T04:00:00Z Organized into nine chapters, it begins with “Court Life in the Age of the Enlightenment.” Art: 'The Age of Enlightenment' Sweeps Into China 2011-04-18T13:57:28Z Anyway, the point of the production appears to be less a matter of storytelling than of creating an impressionistic portrait of erotomania in the age of Enlightenment. Theater Review: ‘The Giacomo Variations,’ With John Malkovich, at City Center 2013-05-31T18:03:12Z In more ways than one, the sculptural fragment that concludes “Bouchardon: Royal Artist of the Enlightenment” really is “the artist’s hand.” Edmé Bouchardon's extraordinary drawings changed the way sculpture looked 2017-01-13T05:00:00Z The final chapter is on the "enemies" of Enlightenment, and continues the polemic first raised in Pagden's equally broad-brush book Worlds At War: The 2,500 Year Struggle Between East and West. The Enlightenment and Why It Still Matters by Anthony Pagden – review 2013-07-24T11:19:42Z Simon Rattle rehearses with the Orchestra of the Age of Enlightenment. Orchestra of the Age of Enlightenment/Rattle – review 2013-01-30T18:44:44Z And perhaps the era you turn to most often, the Enlightenment. “Why grow up?” is a political question: Our cult of youth is no accident — and it has dire consequences 2015-07-03T04:00:00Z The contrast between the serene monument and the surrealistic action is key: Contemporary violence and paranoid fantasies override Enlightenment ideals of democratic sanity. Jim Shaw at the New Museum: A Kaleidoscope of Giddy Delirium 2015-10-15T04:00:00Z Soon heretofore unimaginable spans of geologic time became apparent to Enlightenment thinkers like James Hutton. 'The Rocks Don't Lie': looking at the evidence for a Noah-style flood 2012-08-15T19:03:03Z “The further we get from this era, this Age of Enlightenment Jr., the more remarkable it seems,” he writes. How ‘Sesame Street’ Changed Childhood Forever 2020-05-12T04:00:00Z In his new book The Science Of Enlightenment, the meditation teacher Shinzen Young claims that if you meditate for a few minutes a day, you’ll double your lifespan. Want to live twice as long? Meditation might help | Oliver Burkeman 2017-04-21T04:00:00Z The German-born Dr. Gay wrote more than 25 books, including a five-part series on the 19th century and two volumes on the Enlightenment, and was a longtime professor at Yale University. Peter Gay, historian who wrote about Freud and the Enlightenment, dies 2015-05-12T04:00:00Z IN THE early years of the Enlightenment, a few brave philosophers challenged the Christian order—an apparently hopeless task. The search goes on 2016-11-02T04:00:00Z Paulus was also recognized for his album "Three Places of Enlightenment; Veil Of Tears & Grand Concerto," recorded by the Nashville Symphony, which won for the classical compendium category. 'Hamilton' wins musicals award; Stephen Paulus and Boston Symphony honored in classical category 2016-02-15T05:00:00Z The argument will sound familiar to readers of Pinker’s 2018 book, “Enlightenment Now,” with its insistence that “everything is amazing” and its repeated complaints about people complaining too much. In ‘Rationality,’ Steven Pinker Sticks Up (Again) for Reason’s Role in Human Progress 2021-09-29T04:00:00Z Enlightenment rationalism plus empathy: That, in a nutshell, is the show’s philosophical new definition of Romanticism. Review: ‘The Critique of Reason’ Revisits What Romantic Art Means 2015-04-09T04:00:00Z Today as well — arguably to the greatest extent since the Enlightenment — the camps of religion and culture view each other with a deepening mutual distrust. The Bible goes Greek 2012-09-30T12:00:00Z Mr Houellebecq says his book is a “vision”, based on the collapse of Enlightenment ideas in the face of the quest for religious meaning in a decadent society. Irrepressible 2015-01-07T05:00:00Z Enlightenment Wines There's wine and there's wine, and then there are the dark pyrotechnics going on in a tiny barn in upstate New York at the hand and whim of Raphael Lyon of Enlightenment Wines. | Cups of Good Cheer 2012-12-14T22:31:14Z And Beethoven's opera, Fidelio, chosen for "startlingly contemporary" themes of wrongful incarceration, abuse of power and personal sacrifice, will be performed by the Orchestra of the Age of Enlightenment and Brighton Festival Chorus. Brighton Festival honours Suu Kyi 2011-02-10T11:11:41Z The Enlightenment structured historical knowledge into an encyclopedia, and it consolidated historical paintings and sculptures into encyclopedic art collections. The new LACMA: Plans call for radical change to how we see the permanent collection 2017-05-25T04:00:00Z Unique among the houses of the Founding Fathers, Monticello reflects an idealized sense of its owner — his learning, his taste, his sense of beauty, his engagement with the Enlightenment. Perspective | Jefferson’s Monticello finally gives Sally Hemings her place in presidential history 2018-06-12T04:00:00Z As homework for his yearlong psychic certification course at the Edgar Cayce Association for Research and Enlightenment, Siréne has to give 10 readings to strangers. What happened when I went to psychic school 2018-09-10T04:00:00Z Jason Farago called it a “bewitching exhibition” with “nearly 60 of his voluptuous, perfectionist pen-and-wash drawings” that are “a remarkable achievement of the later Enlightenment.” New York’s Reopened Museums: Where to Go and What to See 2020-09-10T04:00:00Z Handel's 1744 musical drama spun the source, Sophocles' play "The Women of Trachis," into a proper Enlightenment oratorio that ends, neatly and happily, with the chorus extolling "liberty's immortal song." 'Hercules': Lyric Opera season closes on spectacular note 2011-03-06T18:37:00Z In Germany, with its many courts, the development of the Enlightenment was very typical. Art: 'The Age of Enlightenment' Sweeps Into China 2011-04-18T13:57:28Z He is a believer in the Enlightenment idea of “natural aristocracy,” an upper class whose members have earned rather than inherited their status. Two Views of the Tumult on American Campuses 2019-08-20T04:00:00Z Built in the late 1760s during the Enlightenment, it was intended to host scientific events, although that was not its sole purpose: several weeks after it opened, a 13-year-old Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart played there. Candida Höfer's best photograph – an 18th-century theatre in Mantua 2013-02-06T17:15:32Z Gioia's review of Flamingo Watching compared her "strongly compressed", "magnificently didactic" work to Emily Dickinson's, and to the essays of the French Enlightenment. Kay Ryan: the un-American poet who will fly the US flag at Poetry Parnassus 2012-06-29T08:26:54Z Balzac, Simone de Beauvoir and many from the Enlightenment period. Just Asking: Shireen Lewis 2015-04-16T04:00:00Z He traces the rise of the factory and how it became entwined with Enlightenment ideas of progress. 5 New Books We Recommend This Week 2018-03-15T04:00:00Z It also would be enshrined in those warehouses of learning, the Enlightenment dictionary and encyclopedia. The man who made America: Reason, religion and the brilliant mind of John Locke 2015-11-26T05:00:00Z These stances were part and parcel of Enlightenment thought and allowed for a neutral or at least semineutral public sphere to emerge that permitted the political emancipation of the Jews. Can American Jews Be Both Liberal and Pro-Israel? 2019-10-11T04:00:00Z Mr. Gay, a refugee from Nazi Germany, devoted his career to exploring the social history of ideas, a quest that took him far from his original area of specialization, Voltaire and the Enlightenment. Peter Gay, Historian Who Explored Social History of Ideas, Dies at 91 2015-05-12T04:00:00Z Green king … a statue of the Enlightenment philosopher David Hume on Edinburgh's High Street. The Enlightenment and Why It Still Matters by Anthony Pagden – review 2013-07-24T11:19:42Z What might a Chinese Age of Enlightenment look like? Art: 'The Age of Enlightenment' Sweeps Into China 2011-04-18T13:57:28Z One was a mosaic, titled “Man’s Enlightenment,” which was visible in the vestibule just inside the Avenue of the Americas entrance. Jimmy Fallon’s Name Goes On 30 Rock Marquee 2014-11-24T05:00:00Z The Orchestra of the Age of Enlightenment, as consistent and virtuosic as any around, were caught between keeping up with the singers or waiting for Christie's emphatic yet tardy beat. Michelangelo Sonnets; Hippolyte et Aricie – review 2013-07-06T23:09:04Z But it also means we are the true heirs of Wright of Derby's Enlightenment and Galileo's Renaissance. Higgs boson: the human urge to visualise the particle is irresistible 2012-07-06T13:00:02Z Think Don Quixote without all the dreadful Duke and Duchess stuff, and with an upbeat Enlightenment feel. World literature tour: France 2011-03-28T11:30:33Z The period instruments, meanwhile, belonged to the Orchestra of the Age of Enlightenment, who, in the evening, coupled the Love Scene from Berlioz's Roméo et Juliette with Tristan's second act. Proms 20 and 21: Wayne Marshall; OAE/Rattle 2010-08-02T12:44:00Z There, in paintings and writings and on grand estates, the Enlightenment’s strict geometries were slackening. Art Review: At Morgan Library, Glories of Nature, Tamed by Man 2010-06-03T21:31:00Z As “Enlightenment beings” that challenged the epistemological precepts of the Enlightenment, vampires were unsolved riddles. Are Vampires Cancelled? 2018-10-29T04:00:00Z Why did Rousseau and Kant, two very different Enlightenment thinkers, seem like the right way to get into understanding this? “Why grow up?” is a political question: Our cult of youth is no accident — and it has dire consequences 2015-07-03T04:00:00Z The trial of animals ceased in the Enlightenment, but not until, as Fyfield noted in a long list, animals convicted of crimes included "a dolphin, a goat banished to Siberia, even a turtle dove". Radio review: Animals on Trial 2011-03-17T08:00:04Z Among its neighbors are a Sicilian billiard-table dealer, an Albanian butcher and a Universal Enlightenment Temple. Bracing Burmese Food, Full of Contradictions, at Together 2017-04-27T04:00:00Z In China, the Enlightenment is mainly portrayed as a time of reason and scientific innovation, with little reference to its liberalizing and democratizing nature, which is emphasized in the West. Art: 'The Age of Enlightenment' Sweeps Into China 2011-04-18T13:57:28Z Catherine Mackintosh writes: The death of Sir so soon after his final performance at Glyndebourne, in June, conducting Così Fan Tutte, came as a shock to the Orchestra of the Age of Enlightenment. Letter: Sir Charles Mackerras obituary 2010-07-27T17:31:00Z Schiff’s latest venture in this arena is his most convincing yet: a vibrant new recording of Brahms’s two piano concertos with the Orchestra of the Age of Enlightenment. A Pianist Comes Around on Period Instruments 2021-06-04T04:00:00Z The so-called neo-reactionaries, or “Dark Enlightenment” – part of the increasingly visible “alt-right” who have been attributed with at least some of the success of Trump’s presidential campaign – have been preaching this idea for years. Kong: Skull Island – why do Hollywood blockbusters have such Trump-like politics? 2017-03-22T04:00:00Z “A student of the Enlightenment who runs a library inspired by the Enlightenment seeks to bring the lighting he’s seen in Paris to New York,” he said. T Magazine: A Fresh Glow for the New York Public Library 2011-05-19T18:36:32Z Part of the conceptual problem was that Ruskin's combination of art and morality was running against the Enlightenment idea that art, morality and truth needed to define themselves in their own terms. Victorian social reformers saw beauty, truth and goodness as one. We no longer do 2012-10-12T18:00:01Z He thought the Enlightenment had created a false deity for itself, one imagined by Rousseau and Voltaire as projected human reason. William Blake's picture of God 2010-08-17T13:00:00Z After this, like most enterprising Enlightenment artists, he shifted his style from a Baroque-Rococo mélange to Neo-Classicism, evident in two of the earliest portraits in the show. Art Review: Odd Faces, Strange in Their Day, but Familiar in Our Time 2010-09-16T22:37:00Z There are Enlightenment bodies in Elysium, contrived by landscape gardeners; and their successors, citizens of the world, in cosmopolitan cemeteries. Dust to dust 2015-11-26T05:00:00Z He thinks of himself as a man of the Enlightenment and a student of Voltaire, a rationalist and a freethinker who believes above all in the power of reason. Books of The Times: ‘Pure,’ a New Novel by Andrew Miller 2012-07-03T21:48:27Z To the vast majority of them, Enlightenment values mean literally nothing. Typing Classes, the Aubrey-Maturin Series and Other Letters to the Editor 2021-07-09T04:00:00Z In the third and final part, we’re told Adam and Eve will be happy so long as they don’t strive “more to know as know ye should,” not exactly Enlightenment gospel. Review: Haydn’s ‘Creation’: The Birth of All, With High Hopes at Mostly Mozart 2015-08-23T04:00:00Z Mr. Wolfe traces its modern forms back to the 18th-century philosopher Moses Mendelssohn and Haskalah, the Jewish Enlightenment he helped inspire. ‘At Home in Exile,’ on the Jewish Diaspora, by Alan Wolfe 2014-10-26T04:00:00Z I’m more impressed with Strachan’s striking set of collages taking on the authority and scope of the encyclopedia, a quintessential product of the French Enlightenment. Artist Tavares Strachan’s show at Frye packed with subversive drama 2018-02-06T05:00:00Z “The church thought of insanity as demonic possession, but there were new approaches, too, like the belief that music could heal. The doctor in the play, very much a man of the Enlightenment, believes this.” Writing Her Way From Backstage to Broadway 2017-12-01T05:00:00Z Enlightenment is a hard-won fight, and alternative always starts as an inside job. America’s Big Museums on the Hot Seat 2020-03-18T04:00:00Z He realized the Enlightenment, Romanticism, Modernism and the Cold War — with its rugged individualist heroes from Ayn Rand's protagonists to the Marlboro Man — had led Westerners to overemphasize the lone genius. Joshua Wolf Shenk argues for the dynamism of duos in 'Powers of Two' 2014-08-07T04:00:00Z He often works in London with the Orchestra of the Age of Enlightenment, and makes his next appearance in the UK with them in London at the end of January. Simon Rattle is to leave Berlin: what next for him and the Philharmoniker? 2013-01-10T16:20:19Z Traditionally orchestras have named themselves after their cities or sometimes their specialties, as with the American Composers Orchestra, the Opera Orchestra of New York or the period-instrument Orchestra of the Age of Enlightenment. Classical Groups Get Creative With Names 2010-05-13T14:38:00Z It was the Enlightenment that returned happiness to earth. Pascal Bruckner: 'Happiness is a moment of grace' 2011-01-23T00:05:40Z Our reviewer, Margaret MacMillan, says Snyder “argues forcefully and eloquently” that we are living in dangerous times, and calls his book a “good wake-up call” about the importance of Enlightenment reasoning. 7 New Books We Recommend This Week 2018-05-17T04:00:00Z Coffee became the drink of the Enlightenment, the 18th century movement that questioned religion, promoted intellectual openness - and inspired this painting. National Gallery buys 18th century painting that praises Islam 2013-06-28T14:42:40Z For Beaton, though, feeling European "takes you back to 18th-century Scotland, and the Scottish Enlightenment, when Scotland was a vibrant and important intellectual centre in Europe". Alistair Beaton and Anthony Neilson: double trouble 2010-07-27T20:31:00Z Less crudely, it is part of the culture of the Enlightenment. Frieze, funfair photography and Haiti's story – the week in art 2012-10-12T11:27:31Z While King Seti's sarcophagus and Hogarth's Rake's Progress are awesome things in their own right, what is more awesome still is being transported into a curious and acquisitive mind of the Enlightenment age. In praise of ? Sir John Soane's Museum 2010-09-07T23:06:00Z The collection is very wide-ranging, but it represents the sheer diversity of thought and activity that came out of the Scottish Enlightenment. National Museum of Scotland: suspend your disbelief 2011-07-26T20:31:01Z Dorothy’s religiously inspired politics flagrantly challenged the Enlightenment ideals of the American Constitution. Was Dorothy Day a Saint or a Subversive? 2020-03-03T05:00:00Z “But it’s different from a Western Enlightenment,” Mr. Dong said. Art: 'The Age of Enlightenment' Sweeps Into China 2011-04-18T13:57:28Z Or if there must be a skeleton, said one Enlightenment aristocrat designing his tomb, let it be veiled. Dust to dust 2015-11-26T05:00:00Z A vulnerability of Mr. Garton Ash’s project is that his principles are so deeply rooted in Enlightenment ideals, which are not universally shared. Timothy Garton Ash Puts Forth a Free-Speech Manifesto 2016-05-22T04:00:00Z Grayling sees himself as a champion of the Enlightenment, but in the old battle over the interpretation of religious texts he is on the side of conservative literalist fundamentalists rather than progressive critical liberals. The God Argument: the Case Against Religion and For Humanism by AC Grayling – review 2013-03-07T10:00:01Z Floating in the port of Nagasaki, Dejima is the sole nexus between Enlightenment Europe and the shogun's isolationist realm. 'The Thousand Autumns of Jacob De Zoet': David Mitchell's Japan-set historical novel 2010-07-16T22:43:00Z Doctor Death” might have been subtitled “A French Enlightenment Mystery,” so thoroughly does the philosophy of reason and the discipline of science pervade these pages. Adventures from Dennis Lehane and Lene Kaaberbol 2015-08-02T04:00:00Z “For me, liberalism had entered American consciousness as a potent brew blended from 17th-century entrepreneurial attitudes and the Enlightenment’s endorsement of liberty and reason,” she said in the lecture. Joyce Appleby, Historian of Capitalism and American Identity, Is Dead at 87 2017-01-02T05:00:00Z In History Today, Robert J Mayhew soberly approved of Pagden's depiction of the Enlightenment as powered by "scepticism about the irrationalisms of faith … all about replacing conflict with cosmopolitan conversation", noting that he "writes beautifully". Book reviews roundup: The Professor of Poetry, Girl Least Likely To and The Enlightenment and Why It Still Matters 2013-07-12T18:00:00Z “China’s Enlightenment is being led, step by step, by the Communist Party and the government, and not from below.” Art: 'The Age of Enlightenment' Sweeps Into China 2011-04-18T13:57:28Z Titled Enlightenment, he said it was "about human understanding, about limitations and the importance of knowledge". Global TV deals for Paralympics 2012-08-28T12:28:24Z “I am a person of the Enlightenment, as it were.” Film: Eastwood Breaks Another Mold 2010-10-14T15:50:00Z The reader discovers, for example, that Voltaire turned up at the court of Frederick the Great as a pet Enlightenment intellectual, only to run a bond-market scam that could have bankrupted the Prussian exchequer. What’s the alternative? 2015-08-13T04:00:00Z They all preach to the choir while the people who need to be reached remain outside the church of the Enlightenment. Typing Classes, the Aubrey-Maturin Series and Other Letters to the Editor 2021-07-09T04:00:00Z He seems to have grasped early on that this election would be a referendum on Enlightenment values—and, because his own election symbolized those values so powerfully, on himself. Obama’s Lessons, Unlearned 2016-11-10T05:00:00Z “Then we get to the end of the ‘Dark Ages,’ to the age of Enlightenment — which is collocated with the slave trade and the rise of colonialist patriarchy. Moon-landing conspiracy theorists aren’t all the same. Meet some from the Pacific Northwest. 2019-07-12T04:00:00Z The European Enlightenment, born here, enshrined Reason as its deity. Critic?s Notebook: Quai Branly Museum in Paris Glorifies the ?Other? 2011-11-25T23:47:39Z His mantra lay behind Remix, a collaboration between the London Sinfonietta and the Orchestra of the Age of Enlightenment, featuring arrangements or transcriptions of one composer by another. London Sinfonietta/Collon ? review 2010-10-19T21:30:00Z “Every generation, going back to Periclean Greece, to second century Rome, to the Enlightenment, to the Georgians and to the Victorians, believes itself to be the most anxious age ever,” Mr. Stossel said. Prozac Nation Is Now the United States of Xanax 2017-06-10T04:00:00Z Two orchestras, the London Philharmonic and the Orchestra of the Age of Enlightenment, both of which exist because of subsidy. In the complex ecosystem of British arts, weeds are as important as trees 2010-09-28T19:59:00Z In retrospect that may not have been such a good idea, but the collision of Enlightenment notions of liberty and aristocratic habits of libertinism seems to have made it inevitable. Movie Review: ‘A Royal Affair,’ With Mads Mikkelsen 2012-11-08T22:32:05Z The history of the 20th century across the globe suggests that perverting the Enlightenment was a hobby of dictatorial elites worldwide. A new chapter in Chinese history 2011-07-15T15:53:27Z In a system devised by white elites, castas explore the Enlightenment Age theme of miscegenation, or interracial marriage, among Indians, Spaniards and Africans. LACMA purchases long-lost masterpiece, once kept under a couch 2015-04-01T04:00:00Z These artists were being true to a strand of the Enlightenment that can be neatly encapsulated in a single name: Jean-Jacques Rousseau. Review | You’ve probably never heard of these artists, but they painted reality in a way we’ve lost sight of 2020-02-24T05:00:00Z Most religions were pulled into the modern Enlightenment with their fingernails dug into the past. Bill Maher is right about religion: The Orwellian ridiculousness of Jesus, and the truth about moral progress 2015-01-18T05:00:00Z The Holocaust was one such entity, the Age of Enlightenment another. Knausgaard’s Selflessness 2016-04-20T04:00:00Z “Voltaire’s Politics,” published in 1959, was followed by “The Enlightenment: An Interpretation,” a monumental two-part study whose first volume, subtitled “The Rise of Modern Paganism,” won the National Book Award in 1967. Peter Gay, Historian Who Explored Social History of Ideas, Dies at 91 2015-05-12T04:00:00Z The Enlightenment, a movement which gripped Europe from the 18th century, loosened the hold of the Church in favour of rational thought. Getting into Valhalla 2016-06-23T04:00:00Z My mom would explain to our friends and neighbors how she really loved Thomas Jefferson, his ideas, his Enlightenment views and especially his great place up there at Monticello. Down with Thanksgiving! 2012-11-22T17:00:00Z Here was a black immigrant, a formidable intellect versed in both Enlightenment literature and the Koran, who openly condemns Islam for its treatment of women and antipathy toward individual rights. The State of Conservatism 2010-06-11T21:46:00Z I write plays in Scots, one of which – a comedy about the Scottish Enlightenment called David Hume's Kilt – was developed at the NTS. Scots: an auld dug with plenty of bite 2010-06-04T21:00:00Z Classical education as a primary engine of modern knowledge, a faith born of the Age of Enlightenment, collapsed long ago. Charles Ray's sculptures cast a forceful modern eye on antiquity 2015-06-12T04:00:00Z This is particularly the case when empathy is married with "humanitarian reason" – the force that Harvard psychologist Steven Pinker credits for the steady decline in levels of societal violence since the Enlightenment. Barack Obama and the 'empathy deficit' 2013-01-04T16:30:11Z Tonight's Prom, for example, features the period instrument Orchestra of the Age of Enlightenment playing Handel. The Proms' neglect of Mozart means we are losing touch with his true genius 2012-07-19T21:00:04Z In search for enlightenment about the war’s mass delusion, they turned to the Age of Enlightenment, finding inspiration in Mozart and Hogarth. For opera lovers, at last a 'Rake' for L.A., bearded lady and all 2016-09-19T04:00:00Z “The Art of the Enlightenment,” which runs through March 31, 2012, was six years in the making and is part of a state-level dialogue between Germany and China. Art: 'The Age of Enlightenment' Sweeps Into China 2011-04-18T13:57:28Z The season opened on New Year's Eve with a concert given by the Orchestra of the Age of Enlightenment under Jonathan Cohen. OAE/Cohen review 2011-01-05T22:01:01Z The phrase was the opening sentence of a piece on the Enlightenment philosopher Jean-Jacques Rousseau that I wrote for The New Yorker in August. The Anti-Élite, Post-Fact Worlds of Trump and Rousseau 2016-11-14T05:00:00Z Jess Keiser is an assistant professor in the department of English at Tufts University and the author of “Nervous Fictions: Literary Form and the Enlightenment Origins of Neuroscience.” Review | A brain researcher on what Freud got right 2021-02-25T05:00:00Z Still, that’s Kleist for you: neither a Romantic softy nor an Enlightenment prig. In ‘Love in the Wars,’ Achilles Battles an Amazon Queen 2014-07-15T04:00:00Z Enlightenment only came in the mid to late sixties. Paul Theroux on travelling 2012-06-25T11:00:00Z In 1782, as Europe was embracing the spirit of Enlightenment, a small town in Switzerland tortured and killed a woman for witchcraft. Bern Ballett: Witch-Hunt – review 2013-05-23T17:21:10Z Both of these texts, one early Christian and the other from the Enlightenment, are profoundly entangled in European imperial aggression and anti-Black racism. Art’s Greatest Enemy Might Not Be Science 2021-05-07T04:00:00Z With its breezy mix of opera seria and slapstick, Turkish pastiche and Enlightenment denouement, “Abduction” can be a tough piece to pull together. Review: James Levine Opens Last Run as Metropolitan Opera Music Director 2016-04-24T04:00:00Z Indeed, the Enlightenment has done a magnificent job of increasing our knowledge. 'You may now turn over your papers' 2010-09-24T23:06:00Z He was a giant of the Enlightenment in large part because he was a careful and nuanced thinker. ‘Chicagonomics’ and ‘Economics Rules’ 2015-11-17T05:00:00Z She corresponded with the Enlightenment philosopher and satirist Voltaire, who called her “the shining star of the North.” A Hermitage Amsterdam Show Looks Closer at Catherine the Great 2016-09-08T04:00:00Z National Museum of Scotland, Edinburgh from 28 June until 17 November EnlightenmentA celebration of the radical, creative 18th century at a museum rich in masterpieces by the Enlightenment artist Joseph Wright of Derby.• Vermeer, Lowry and a cauldron scandal – the week in art 2013-06-21T13:53:06Z For heterosexual couples, relationships began to look up about the time of the Renaissance and Enlightenment. A graphic history of sex: ‘There is no gene that drives sexuality. All sexuality is learned’ 2016-10-29T04:00:00Z He supplies a generous chapter on the German Enlightenment, connecting threads of the 1770s and ’80s, opposing currents of rationalism and expressive release: Schiller, Kant, Goethe, the American Revolution. ‘Beethoven,’ by Jan Swafford 2014-07-31T04:00:00Z Photograph: Tate Gallery This gorgeous still life with its shiny red lobster takes us to the precise, keen-eyed, and passionately materialistic world of the 18th century Enlightenment and is a gem of the Tate collection. Cy Twombly's late works alongside Turner and Monet – the week in art 2012-06-15T11:47:02Z I’ll take both: The power of these sculptures is the connections they suggest between light and enlightenment and the institutions derived from or transformed by the Enlightenment, including asylums, prisons, hospitals and morgues. Sculpture shows by Emilie Brzezinski, Bernardi Roig diverge sharply in theme Add in Paul Brown's magical designs and Laurence Cummings's vital conducting of the Orchestra of the Age of Enlightenment, and the pack is complete. The Fairy Queen – review 2012-07-24T15:30:01Z By the time of the Enlightenment, though, trompe l’oeil was badly out of favor: a juvenile amusement, no better than that, with none of the seriousness of high art. Made You Look: The Cubist Art of Deception 2022-11-11T05:00:00Z “The golden age of the plantation culture coincided with the Enlightenment, the birth of the industrial revolution and scientific racism,” he says. They fed the civil rights movement. Now are black-owned barbecue joints dying? 2016-02-22T05:00:00Z The Orchestra of the Age of Enlightenment in the pit are all thoroughly respectable musically, if only there was any dramatic spark. Don Giovanni 2010-07-05T20:30:00Z As with our autonomy obsession, this extreme valuing of attention is a legacy of the Enlightenment: the flip side of Descartes’s “I think, therefore I am” is that we are what we think about. A New Theory of Distraction 2015-06-16T04:00:00Z But 18th-century travellers, schooled by the Enlightenment idea of the sublime to find wonder and power in sights that shock the soul, fed on the horror of the volcanic eruption. Explosive art: my top five volcano paintings 2010-04-21T14:02:00Z Joseph seems sensitive to this, or if not sensitive in an educated way to the Enlightenment and its consequences, he seems to intuit how being Christian was fraught in new ways. The Book of Mormon’s foggy origins 2012-08-12T16:01:00Z The first season of live events on Radio 3 will include concerts by the London Philharmonic Orchestra, the Hallé, the Orchestra of the Age of Enlightenment, the Britten Sinfonia and the BBC's own performing groups. Radio 3 rolls back the years with a return to broadcasting live concerts 2011-02-17T00:01:01Z Scruton knows that conservatism is a reaction against the Enlightenment confidence in improving the world through the use of reason, but he is at pains to distinguish the thinkers he admires from mere reactionaries. Defending Conservatism, and Seeking Converts 2018-08-10T04:00:00Z The word becomes a blazon for the early Enlightenment. The Ill-Defined Plot 2014-10-06T04:00:00Z “Carib art,” is how Baudelaire described sculpture, meaning that even the suavest, most sophisticated works of unearthly virtuosity by Enlightenment paragons like Canova and Thorvaldsen were tainted by the medium’s primitive, cultish origins. Has Sculpture Become Just Another Pretty Face? 2011-08-09T17:39:27Z The Enlightenment has made a fetish of reason. How the Chapman Brothers became the brothers grim 2010-08-03T20:31:00Z The idea gained currency with the explosion of art, culture, and philosophy better known as the Renaissance, and established itself in the period of the Enlightenment in the mid-17th century. Notes & Queries: Which is the most repeated TV episode? 2012-12-19T16:55:02Z Johann Sebastian's second son is today so much in his father's shadow that this programme by the Orchestra of the Age of Enlightenment, entitled The Other Amazing Mr Bach, offers fresh revelations. OAE/Norrington ? review 2011-03-07T21:45:01Z Today, the most famous of these 18th-century critics is Denis Diderot, the Enlightenment philosopher who also wrote passionately about his loves and hates in contemporary art. For critics, it's better to be interesting than right 2011-01-28T13:02:56Z Anna Anni’s costumes for Act I nonsensically juxtapose Renaissance men and Enlightenment women. Dance Review: Two Top Giselles, Back to Back 2011-05-29T22:49:01Z At its best, European culture draws strength from its belief in reason, liberty, classical tradition and universal human dignity — in short, the principles of the 18th-century Enlightenment. Review | A welcome reminder that there’s value to being a citizen of the world 2019-12-10T05:00:00Z He also downplayed the influence of Enlightenment philosophy, writing that the founders drew upon theories of liberty and government well developed by British opponents of monarchy. Eminent scholar of early U.S., Bernard Bailyn, dies at 97 2020-08-07T04:00:00Z This is the proper inheritance of the Age of Enlightenment. The Royal Academy: a story of sulks and squabbles 2013-01-04T22:55:14Z And those were the forces that ultimately led to the Western Enlightenment, with its more universalist claims and its recognition of slavery’s evils, and to a Golden Age that may still be going on. Critic?s Notebook: To Each His Own Museum, as Identity Goes on Display 2010-12-28T23:04:19Z The law is a sign of the Canadian inheritance of the Enlightenment project. Hello magic and witchcraft, goodbye Enlightenment 2018-10-31T04:00:00Z The problem, then and now, is power — and a fairer vision of power was also born in the salons and boudoirs of Enlightenment Europe. On the Trail of a Lover Boy in the Age of Enlightenment 2018-08-30T04:00:00Z Born in Boston, he moved at the age of 4 with his family to Fairfield, Iowa, where he attended the Maharishi School of the Age of Enlightenment. Ben Foster Brings His Beast Mode to ‘A Streetcar Named Desire’ 2016-04-29T04:00:00Z Which Rationality? is driven in part by exposing the internal contradictions of Enlightenment moral philosophy. The Enlightenment and Why It Still Matters by Anthony Pagden – review 2013-07-24T11:19:42Z The inventors of America’s liberties, their sensibilities born of the Enlightenment, understood the new world in America as an experiment with the volatile substance of freedom. My book was a bad idea 2012-06-27T00:00:00Z Shermer writes that the road to progress was paved by a rationality that increased through the Enlightenment and then the Industrial Revolution. Science may prove to be humanity's savior 2015-02-13T05:00:00Z But for C. P. E. Bach, Mr. Norrington said, “the injection of knowledge and passion about every little detail” gives the Orchestra of the Age of Enlightenment the edge. Early Music Is Enjoying Its Moment 2011-03-06T01:45:27Z I am well versed in the theories of Locke and Hobbes on human nature and government, so I set to teaching my daughter some of the basics of Enlightenment thought. Motherlode Blog: When 'Help' With Homework Is Too Much 2013-02-03T14:22:47Z Enlightenment is a psychological thriller inspired by the Bali bombings of 2002, in which a couple face their worst nightmare when their son goes missing while backpacking around south-east Asia. This week's new theatre 2010-10-01T23:06:00Z It's true that Burke anticipated some of the pathologies of individualism and … identified important weaknesses in Enlightenment thinking – but the earliest postmodern political thinker? Book reviews roundup: Edmund Burke, Inferno and Five Days in May 2013-05-24T15:00:02Z Desperately Seeking Enlightenment: I admire your dedication to your partner. Ask Amy: Helpmate might be contributing to man’s problems 2017-08-28T04:00:00Z Each is labeled according to time and place — they were all supposedly observed in London — slyly satirizing the Enlightenment fantasy of encyclopedic omniscience. Art Review: Armory Show, Modern and Contemporary, at Piers 92 and 94 2012-03-08T23:15:02Z When architects of the Bourse de Commerce designing in the Enlightenment, conceived the circular, open-air wheat exchange around 1763, the center still held. Artists Reveal a Dark Side of the Bourse’s Crowning Glory 2022-11-16T05:00:00Z Seventeen new exhibitions run through the history of Scotland from the Reformation, the 18th century Enlightenment, Empire, modernity and the contemporary. Scotland's portrait gallery fulfils 120-yr-old dream 2011-11-29T16:39:58Z At the height of the Enlightenment, Gottfried Leibniz recoiled at the “horrible mass of books that keeps on growing,” concerned that there might be no end “to books continuing to increase in number.” It’s Comments All the Way Down 2015-06-17T04:00:00Z These are followed by perhaps the most famous image of all, “The Sleep of Reason Produces Monsters,” an iconic representation of an Enlightenment fear. Perspective | A humor exhibition at NGA might not be funny, but it reminds us to laugh at what’s stupid 2018-08-24T04:00:00Z But then he attacks it for upending “the universal values of the Enlightenment: objectivity, rationality, science, equality and freedom of the individual.” Speaking Truth to Both the Right and the Left 2021-06-14T04:00:00Z From there Stewart gradually evolved into the principal media mouthpiece or channel – the two things are not quite the same – for what might be called common-sense liberalism, the self-appointed pathway of Enlightenment reason. Fox News is half-right about Jon Stewart: How the brilliant satirist of the Bush years has been undone by his BFF in the White House 2015-08-06T04:00:00Z He sees the crusty bachelor Don Alfonso as a man of the Enlightenment who engages two young couples in a cruel ploy to teach them that feelings of any kind corrupt reason. A Salzburg Festival Rich With Dreams and Power 2016-08-02T04:00:00Z Harvard psychology professor Pinker follows up his previous book, “The Better Angels of Our Nature,” with the timely “Enlightenment NOW: The Case for Reason, Science, Humanism, and Progress.” Look Ahead: The hottest Seattle events for March 2018 2018-02-23T05:00:00Z Inspired by Quaker ideals and Enlightenment thinking, the prison was designed to induce regret and penitence in prisoners. Tourists make time for a Philadelphia museum where felons did theirs 2016-01-14T05:00:00Z The Enlightenment, however, was problematic, and encompassed vast quantities of hypocrisy in its often smug embrace. Review | America’s libraries are essential now — and this beautifully renovated one in Washington gives us hope 2020-07-15T04:00:00Z There are several science but let's not forget Edinburgh was the home of the Scottish Enlightenment. The best festivals for 2011 2011-01-03T08:00:09Z This separates it from Marxism and also Martin Luther King Jr., whose demands for equal rights largely fell “within the framework of the Enlightenment.” Speaking Truth to Both the Right and the Left 2021-06-14T04:00:00Z Queens, Heroines and Ladykillers is the eye-catching title for a series of concerts in the current Orchestra of the Age of Enlightenment season that deal with the presentation of women in baroque and classical opera. OAE/Norrington/Antonacci – review 2012-10-03T16:34:10Z Under the influence of the Enlightenment, they rejected belief in magic as a superstitious feature of a passing world view. Hello magic and witchcraft, goodbye Enlightenment 2018-10-31T04:00:00Z Was Zionism — the secular, progressive, Europeanized movement with its roots in Enlightenment rationalism — hijacked and transformed? What went wrong in Israel? Milton Viorst's 'Zionism' grapples with a fractious history 2016-09-02T04:00:00Z She will learn that candidates for our highest office, centuries after the Enlightenment, still had to declare publicly that they believe in science. We watched all 7 hours of CNN’s climate town hall so you didn’t have to 2019-09-05T04:00:00Z Those Enlightenment thinkers who preferred Greek reason to Hebrew revelation confirmed it resoundingly. The Bible goes Greek 2012-09-30T12:00:00Z The student drawings of King George III are foreshadowings of his devotion to Enlightenment rationalism. Exhibition Review | Yale Center for British Art: It Took Tools to Build a Revolution 2010-02-26T23:50:00Z The road to unfreedom, as Snyder sees it, is one that runs right over the Enlightenment faith in reason and the reasonableness of others — the very underpinning, that is, of our institutions and values. Are We Traveling the ‘Road to Unfreedom’? 2018-05-09T04:00:00Z “Museums are Eurocentric institutions, created in Europe on the basis of Enlightenment ideas that manifest in quite a racist way to the rest of the world,” she said. Why the Smithsonian is changing its approach to collecting, starting with the removal of looted Benin treasures 2022-01-05T05:00:00Z The Enlightenment museum, after all, was often an “imperial” museum, its ambitions aided by the empire’s global reach. Critic?s Notebook: Quai Branly Museum in Paris Glorifies the ?Other? 2011-11-25T23:47:39Z This criticism of religion has been around since the Enlightenment, when Voltaire wrote, "Nothing can be more contrary to religion and the clergy than reason and common sense." Why are people calling Bitcoin a religion? 2022-02-12T05:00:00Z It is not for nothing that the Enlightenment, when atheism truly began to take hold, was also known as the Age of Reason. 15 ways atheists can stand up for rationality 2014-01-11T15:00:00Z There had been many European monarchs who were off their rockers, and much of the Enlightenment was informed by that fact. Tale of a traitor: Is the famous betrayal of Benedict Arnold echoed in Michael Flynn? 2017-07-04T04:00:00Z In fact, it’s the last remnant of the Enlightenment efforts to combat superstition through law. Hello magic and witchcraft, goodbye Enlightenment 2018-10-31T04:00:00Z Enlightenment, however, doesn’t come easily — and that’s where the controlled tension and reckless prowess of Cloud Gate’s dancers come into the picture. Golden visions from Cloud Gate Dance Theatre of Taiwan | Dance review 2014-03-07T18:41:37Z That aside, “The Dream of Enlightenment” is an entertaining introduction to a range of daring thinkers of the long Enlightenment from Descartes to Rousseau. Seeing the light 2016-09-01T04:00:00Z This is clearly reflected in liberal thought and language, as it emerged from the Enlightenment, most notably in articulating the idea of universal rights. The moral foundations of fascism: Warring psychological theories struggle to make sense of Hitler, Mussolini and you-know-who 2016-12-04T05:00:00Z These are questions that have concerned philosophers and thinkers dating back to the Enlightenment, not least because boredom occupies territory that overlaps with capital letter concepts like Being and Time. One big yawn: boredom is not just a state of mind 2011-07-16T23:05:46Z His is the Enlightenment of the "long 18th century". The Enlightenment and Why It Still Matters by Anthony Pagden – review 2013-07-24T11:19:42Z Secularism’s origins are in the Enlightenment; its dominant conviction is that Reason rather than Faith should reign in the public sphere. Museums: In Turkey?s Museums, Sacred and Secular Interweave 2010-05-25T22:26:00Z Enlightenment ideas about reason and liberty began eroding inquisitorial powers in the late 1700s, but the Inquisition did not officially expire until 1870, when soldiers defied the pope, entered Rome and unified Italy. Books of The Times: ?God?s Jury? by Cullen Murphy - Review 2012-01-18T22:38:44Z The West, in its Enlightenment enterprise, has, over the centuries, given other cultures the most devoted appreciation, or, at the very least, dedicated scrutiny. Critic?s Notebook: Quai Branly Museum in Paris Glorifies the ?Other? 2011-11-25T23:47:39Z He is especially scathing about newspaper editorialists who, in 2016, fell over themselves in their haste to proclaim the death of Enlightenment values and the advent of “post-truth.” Steven Pinker Continues to See the Glass Half Full 2018-03-02T05:00:00Z This optimist’s revenge on “Candide” is one of the passing pleasures in “Enlightenment Now,” Pinker’s follow-up to his 2011 book “The Better Angels of Our Nature.” Steven Pinker Continues to See the Glass Half Full 2018-03-02T05:00:00Z In such expressions of liberalism, with their debt to Locke and Hobbes, the impact of the Enlightenment is palpable. Millenniums of Tribulation 2017-12-18T05:00:00Z The second, which is preferable, points to the high-speed thought corridor that stretched from the Reformation to the Enlightenment. Secularists are not atheists 2012-09-09T16:00:00Z That phrase has long been held to show that Goya was a supporter of Enlightenment rationality and the progress of reason. How the Chapman Brothers became the brothers grim 2010-08-03T20:31:00Z At William and Mary, Jefferson’s tastes were more eclectic, shaped by the empiricism of teachers steeped in the Scottish Enlightenment and by a preference for Greek philosophers over Romans. What America Owes to the Greeks and Romans 2020-11-10T05:00:00Z But then the Enlightenment arrived like a second grade teacher replacing her overwhelmed substitute, and tipped the balance toward sober instruction. Wonder and Awe in Natural History’s New Wing. Butterflies, Too. 2023-04-25T04:00:00Z In what was to become one of the definitive treatises of the Enlightenment, Paine argues that rebellion and civic disobedience are permissible if a government violates its citizens’ rights. Freedom fighter 2014-07-03T04:00:00Z At this point, in the late, last period of Enlightenment thinking, there really is no other way to think. It’s easy to overthink Picasso 2016-03-31T04:00:00Z Conventional wisdom holds that Spanish draftsmanship, in comparison to the French or Netherlandish varietals, bloomed late — around the time of the Enlightenment. Art Review: Spanish Draftsmanship That Leaps Off the Page 2010-10-14T21:52:00Z In the age of Enlightenment, as the American republic was being founded, there was a lot of struggle with the definition, as both racist ideologues and liberal universalists parried back and forth with different classifications. What is “white supremacy”? A brief history of a term, and a movement, that continues to haunt America 2017-04-23T04:00:00Z ‘Dare to Know: Prints and Drawings in the Age of Enlightenment’ Best Art Between the Covers of These Holidayx Books 2022-12-15T05:00:00Z Later, as Enlightenment ideas of penal reform gained prominence, rehabilitation jostled with retribution for primacy. Prison without a roof 2016-08-18T04:00:00Z You could call satire the voice of the Enlightenment, a way of talking about the world that questioned everything, including — make that specializing in — sacred cows. The war on laughter: What the Charlie Hebdo attacks reveal about our thorny relationship with satire 2015-01-07T05:00:00Z Then it was over to the market square, where Beethoven’s most influential early teacher, the composer Christian Gottlob Neefe, discussed Enlightenment ideals with local intellectuals. From Bonn to Vienna, in Search of Beethoven, the Man 2020-02-24T05:00:00Z Enlightenment must be our goal, and that was what Hitchens advocated above all. The real New Atheism: Rejecting religion for a just world 2013-12-14T19:00:00Z Players in the Orchestra of the Age of Enlightenment, from London, are pioneers, considering themselves less an early music group than a chamber orchestra that just happens to play with historical instruments. Review: Orchestra of the Age of Enlightenment at Alice Tully Hall 2015-03-01T05:00:00Z Unlike Truffaut’s film, though, it’s not about the humanizing influence of education and reason — here, those Enlightenment ideals fall to the wayside, accompanied by the dissolution of Yugoslavia. At Film Comment Selects, Period Pieces Lead the Way 2016-02-16T05:00:00Z The German organizers of the show, “The Art of the Enlightenment,” savored the irony. Art: 'The Age of Enlightenment' Sweeps Into China 2011-04-18T13:57:28Z It may be more interested in philosophy than in history: I’m tempted to understand each of Bean’s companions as representing an advance guard of Enlightenment thought. “Disenchantment,” Reviewed: Matt Groening Makes the Most of Medieval Slapstick Pestilence 2018-08-15T04:00:00Z If there’s something of Kerouac in the local artist’s road-trip approach, Tan’s current work also is inspired by Diderot’s encyclopedia, a monument of the European Enlightenment. In the galleries: No day at the beach 2015-10-08T04:00:00Z For one, his excursions predate the Age of Enlightenment for wildlife protection and conservation. In ‘The Whispering Land,’ a British naturalist collects travel tales — and animals with tails — in Argentina 2021-02-04T05:00:00Z His youth was steeped in the Enlightenment, to be followed in short order by revolution and war all over Europe. Sturm und Drang 2014-09-18T04:00:00Z This is just one more fascinating clue to the way in which the Enlightenment has shrunk and tidied up our European life-world. 'You may now turn over your papers' 2010-09-24T23:06:00Z The principles of the Enlightenment are a better bedrock for a healthy democratic culture. My regrettable libertarian romance: I rebounded from my experimental phase, but many don't 2019-05-07T04:00:00Z Laurence Cummings conducted the Choir of the Enlightenment and the Orchestra of the Age of Enlightenment with refined detachment. Prom 8: Judas Maccabaeus – review 2012-07-20T11:19:00Z Ignoring the Age of Enlightenment and our Constitution, he said in an interview that the separation of church and state was a “misnomer.” America's future demands hope: Is Joe Biden up to the task? 2023-11-16T05:00:00Z Given that the modern-day American conservative movement is largely a political campaign against the Enlightenment and its fruits, the founders’ beliefs present a problem. Right-wing fake history is making a big comeback — but it never went away 2023-11-04T04:00:00Z I see liberals as people who were originally elitists and applied Enlightenment principles only to themselves. "Plutocrats and populists": The GOP's "contradictory principles" make a perfect recipe for fascism 2023-10-24T04:00:00Z Freemasonry’s modern incarnation dates to the 18th century Age of Enlightenment, when educated Englishmen aimed to commune with others and discuss issues of philosophy, religion, and life in an organized setting. What's the real history of the Freemasons? 2023-09-19T04:00:00Z In particular, these intellectuals disavowed both the Enlightenment and Romanticism, the dominant intellectual traditions of the previous two centuries, rewriting the liberal canon in the process. How liberalism sabotaged itself: Are Cold War intellectuals to blame? 2023-09-17T04:00:00Z In 2020 the Orchestra of the Age of Enlightenment announced it was moving into Acland Burghley School in North London, after the lease on its previous accommodation came to an end. UK's first school set up in partnership with professional orchestra opens 2023-09-15T04:00:00Z One of my ideas was to place a figure from the Age of Enlightenment, a humanist, in a sort of psychic disequilibrium. The National Book Awards' translated-lit longlist is here. Of course David Diop is on it 2023-09-13T04:00:00Z Qiming, or Enlightenment, recruits from scientific and technological fields that include “sensitive” or “classified” areas, such as semiconductors, two of the people said. China quietly recruits overseas chip talent as US tightens curbs 2023-08-24T04:00:00Z Engraved on a school behind the long line of Muslim men who waited was the Enlightenment motto adopted by the revolutionary French Republic: “Liberty, Equality, Fraternity.” At Funeral for Nahel M. Near Paris, Anguish, Anger and Racial Tensions 2023-07-01T04:00:00Z It really isn't true that Cold War liberals as a whole responded to the threat of totalitarianism by abandoning their allegiance to the Enlightenment, nor that they engaged in a broader rejection of progressive ideals. How liberalism sabotaged itself: Are Cold War intellectuals to blame? 2023-09-17T04:00:00Z It's an old villain: the fraternal order of Freemasons, whose origins go back to stonemason guilds of the 13th century, and which later became a center of Enlightenment thought and leadership in the 18th century. "Unfriending" America: The Christian right is coming for the enemies of God — like you and me 2023-06-17T04:00:00Z Many know the years before the Renaissance and Enlightenment that followed as Europe’s “Dark Ages,” a time of backward, slovenly, and brutal people who were technologically primitive and hopelessly superstitious. What life in Medieval Europe was really like 2023-05-25T04:00:00Z Those conclusions would in turn lead to a monumental movement of philosophy and thought during the eighteenth century: the Enlightenment. Western Civilization: A Concise History 2020-01-01T00:00:00Z This newfound critical spirit and robust exchange of ideas ultimately became known as the Enlightenment. World History: from 1400 2022-12-14T00:00:00Z In short, it really isn't true that Cold War liberals as a whole responded to the threat of totalitarianism by abandoning their allegiance to the Enlightenment. How liberalism sabotaged itself: Are Cold War intellectuals to blame? 2023-09-17T04:00:00Z The second, from Montesquieu’s Spirit of the Laws, was written in 1748 as a work of social science aimed at Enlightenment intellectuals. World History: to 1500 2023-04-19T00:00:00Z Macron called him a hero who embodied the values of the Enlightenment and the French Revolution. Your Friday Briefing 2023-04-28T04:00:00Z In 1784, a Prussian philosopher named Immanuel Kant published a short essay entitled What is Enlightenment? Western Civilization: A Concise History 2020-01-01T00:00:00Z Historians have typically located the birthplace of the Enlightenment in western Europe. World History: from 1400 2022-12-14T00:00:00Z Berlin's "more jaundiced understanding of the Enlightenment ... was built gradually across the 1950s and into the 1960s," he writes. How liberalism sabotaged itself: Are Cold War intellectuals to blame? 2023-09-17T04:00:00Z As such, they argue, the AI revolution represents a fundamental break with Enlightenment science, which “was trusted because each step of replicable experimental processes was also tested, hence trusted.” Seeing magic in science, we seek the prophecies of oracles in AI 2023-03-03T05:00:00Z ‘Pirate Enlightenment,’ by David Graeber, late co-author of the bestselling ‘Dawn of Everything,’ locates the possible dawn of democracy in Madagascar. Recommendation: When your partner leaves town, act like a pirate 2023-03-03T05:00:00Z Following Kant, historians refer to the intellectual movement of the eighteenth century as the Enlightenment. Western Civilization: A Concise History 2020-01-01T00:00:00Z Whichever method they adopted, Enlightenment thinkers embraced the scientific method as a means of applying reason and objectivity to the collection and analysis of information. World History: from 1400 2022-12-14T00:00:00Z "Berlin's maturation across the era made essential room for the disquieting possibility that the Enlightenment was itself to blame for the worst perversions of twentieth-century politics, especially on the left." How liberalism sabotaged itself: Are Cold War intellectuals to blame? 2023-09-17T04:00:00Z The Enlightenment political philosopher Jean-Jacques Rousseau observed that “the whole earth is covered by nations of whom we only know the names, yet we presume to make judgments about the human race.” Review | Ignorance is not always bliss — and not always bad — a new book argues 2023-02-10T05:00:00Z Collini, once a secretary to Voltaire, was one of the first scholars in the Age of Enlightenment to recognize fossils as the petrified remains of ancient eras. Never-before-seen jurassic mix between flamingo and whale unearthed 2023-02-04T05:00:00Z The central concern of the Enlightenment was applying rational thought to almost every aspect of human existence: not just science, but philosophy, morality, and society. Western Civilization: A Concise History 2020-01-01T00:00:00Z Although many ancient religious and philosophical traditions developed interpretations of natural law, European Enlightenment thinkers transformed such ideas into a political system, which was novel at the time. World History: from 1400 2022-12-14T00:00:00Z The bleeding edge of the Enlightenment’s democratic revolution, in this telling, wasn’t to be found in a Parisian guillotine but rather in the fragile consensus forged over long meetings on a distant island. Did pirates invent democracy? David Graeber's last book makes the case 2023-01-21T05:00:00Z The essayist Curtis White argues that "it is capitalism that now most defines our national character, not Christianity or the Enlightenment." America's theater of the absurd: Our politics has become an endless carnival 2023-01-10T05:00:00Z Democracy, it's worth remembering, emerged as an Enlightenment ideal, and cannot be separated from other Enlightenment values, such as the importance of empiricism and the value of critical thinking. Call it the Conspiracy Theory Congress: Things are about to get dangerously weird on Capitol Hill 2023-01-09T05:00:00Z Enlightenment thinkers embraced the idea that scientific progress was limitless. Western Civilization: A Concise History 2020-01-01T00:00:00Z One of the first Enlightenment thinkers to tackle the issue of natural rights was the English philosopher John Locke, who argued that people have fundamental rights to life, liberty, and property. World History: from 1400 2022-12-14T00:00:00Z “Pirate Enlightenment” could have used more of that expansive style and less minute detail arguing against the established scholarship. Did pirates invent democracy? David Graeber's last book makes the case 2023-01-21T05:00:00Z Mr. Magister argued that the conservatives were especially endangered because they had failed to understand the nuance of Benedict’s vision, his embrace of holiness, but also of reason and Enlightenment thinking. Benedict’s Death Leaves Catholic Conservatives Bereft 2023-01-02T05:00:00Z If the concept of racial classification didn’t yet exist by name before the Enlightenment, it had long existed in practice. A Field at a Crossroads: Genetics and Racial Mythmaking 2022-12-22T05:00:00Z The Enlightenment also introduced themes of thought that undermined traditional religious beliefs, at least in the long run. Western Civilization: A Concise History 2020-01-01T00:00:00Z This text provides a detailed analysis of the roles played by women in the French salons of the Enlightenment. World History: from 1400 2022-12-14T00:00:00Z And self-knowledge, another deep-seated tenet of Schachter’s work, has been the goal of art and science since the Enlightenment. Not sure why you say yes when you really mean no? The Consent Wizard is here to help 2022-12-15T05:00:00Z The French Enlightenment philosopher René Descartes famously observed that every self-aware being is able to declare, figuratively if not literally, the Latin statement "Cogito ergo sum" — that is, "I think therefore I am." Ancient viruses gave us a gene called "Arc," and it may explain consciousness 2022-12-06T05:00:00Z “The Enlightenment imagination had become dominated by the picture of great continental land masses,” wrote Hudson in a 1996 essay on the origins of racial classification. A Field at a Crossroads: Genetics and Racial Mythmaking 2022-12-22T05:00:00Z The Enlightenment was also against “tyranny,” which meant the arbitrary rule of a monarch indifferent to the welfare of his or her subjects. Western Civilization: A Concise History 2020-01-01T00:00:00Z This obstacle made it difficult for the majority of people to participate directly in the print culture of the Enlightenment. World History: from 1400 2022-12-14T00:00:00Z In Plato’s metaphor of the cave and the whole Enlightenment project, the metaphor is one of light dispelling darkness. Why artist William Kentridge is embracing shadows in his new Broad show 2022-12-02T05:00:00Z These politicians were drawing on the writings of Enlightenment intellectuals such as Montesquieu and John Locke, studying historical examples from ancient Greece and Rome, and embracing key elements of English governance and common law. Opinion | Enough about democracy’s weaknesses. Let’s talk about its strengths. 2022-12-01T05:00:00Z Kissinger’s first major public comment on AI was a 2018 essay in the Atlantic magazine headlined “How the Enlightenment Ends.” Opinion | Why artificial intelligence is now a primary concern for Henry Kissinger 2022-11-24T05:00:00Z Almost no Enlightenment thinkers openly rejected monarchy as a form of government – indeed, some Enlightenment thinkers befriended powerful kings and queens – but they roundly condemned cruelty and selfishness among individual monarchs. Western Civilization: A Concise History 2020-01-01T00:00:00Z Despite the pervasive influence of print culture, the direct impact of Enlightenment texts among the general public was limited by relatively low literacy rates among the artisans, peasants, and tradespeople of the era. World History: from 1400 2022-12-14T00:00:00Z Because he was a product of the Enlightenment, Madison understood the importance of using an empirical methodology when trying to assess a document's authenticity. How James Madison's forensic science work could save American democracy, 200 years later 2022-11-20T05:00:00Z It’s akin to the theory that the best form of government is benevolent despotism, which emerged during the Enlightenment of the 18th century. Column: Meta and Twitter show the drawbacks of giving self-satisfied billionaires too much power 2022-11-03T04:00:00Z Or I would just say outright fascist movement that believes that their will to power matters more than Enlightenment values like rationality, evidence, debate and discourse. "I had this nightmare, but I didn't know it was mine:" Dahlia Lithwick on Trump's crisis of law 2022-09-30T04:00:00Z The perfect state was, in the eyes of most Enlightenment thinkers, one with an “enlightened” monarch at its head, presiding over a set of reasonable laws. Western Civilization: A Concise History 2020-01-01T00:00:00Z Although the Enlightenment embraced, in theory, some democratic principles about the exchange of knowledge, in practice, participation in that exchange was limited to those with adequate wealth and leisure time. World History: from 1400 2022-12-14T00:00:00Z There are regular images of Russian forces removing Ukrainian history books from libraries, while Russia's so-called Ministry of Enlightenment has started to provide several occupied areas of Ukraine with Russian textbooks. Ukraine war: 'They're brainwashing our children' 2022-08-30T04:00:00Z That is, products of the same Enlightenment culture that created the country itself. Perspective | Let’s turn the Farmer’s Almanac into something real — and useful 2022-08-24T04:00:00Z From ancient Greece to the Enlightenment, philosophers and scientists have studied the natural world with the goal of understanding how better to use it to achieve the goals of human societies. Introduction to Philosophy 2022-06-15T00:00:00Z Many Enlightenment thinkers thus looked to Great Britain, since 1689 ruled by a monarch who agreed to its written constitution and worked closely with an elected parliament, as the best extant model of enlightened rule. Western Civilization: A Concise History 2020-01-01T00:00:00Z Constitution reflected the democratic ideals of the Enlightenment, but in practice, the colonists’ achievements were inherently contradictory, since many of the founders were slaveholders. World History: from 1400 2022-12-14T00:00:00Z The BBC contacted Russia's Ministry of Enlightenment but did not receive a response. Ukraine war: 'They're brainwashing our children' 2022-08-30T04:00:00Z They advocated Enlightenment principles of inquiry and tolerance. U.S. History 2014-12-30T00:00:00Z In contrast to Plato and Aristotle, Enlightenment philosophers argued that beauty is a subjective judgment, meaning it is a statement about what a person feels rather a quality of an object. Introduction to Philosophy 2022-06-15T00:00:00Z Indeed, in many ways the Enlightenment begins with Newton’s publication of the Principles in 1687. Western Civilization: A Concise History 2020-01-01T00:00:00Z It may be tempting to see the American Revolution as a full-fledged victory for Enlightenment ideals of popular sovereignty and natural rights, but the actual application of these principles was spotty at best. World History: from 1400 2022-12-14T00:00:00Z Knowing full well he’s speaking on an Enlightenment basis, but not in a practical basis. What’s Actually Being Taught in U.S. History 2022-08-21T04:00:00Z Masonic lodges soon spread throughout Europe and the British colonies, creating a shared experience on both sides of the Atlantic and spreading Enlightenment intellectual currents throughout the British Empire. U.S. History 2014-12-30T00:00:00Z The scientific method is an empirical method solidified during the Enlightenment period that has become the standard way of conducting any type of objective research. Introduction to Philosophy 2022-06-15T00:00:00Z Among the other causes of the Enlightenment, perhaps the most important was the significant growth of the urban literate classes, most notably what was called in France the bourgeoisie: the mercantile middle class. Western Civilization: A Concise History 2020-01-01T00:00:00Z Whereas Mill and Locke focused liberalism on principles of natural rights and equality, economic liberalism derived from the Enlightenment theories of Scottish economist Adam Smith. World History: from 1400 2022-12-14T00:00:00Z The title of that show was “Enlightenment,” which has had a trajectory of meanings throughout modern history. Can abstract art help us learn how to accept suffering in a spiraling world? 2022-08-17T04:00:00Z Both movements began in Europe, but they advocated very different ideas: the Great Awakening promoted a fervent, emotional religiosity, while the Enlightenment encouraged the pursuit of reason in all things. U.S. History 2014-12-30T00:00:00Z Hermeneutics rejects both the absolute power of rational thought propagated by Descartes and the empiricism promoted by other Enlightenment thinkers. Introduction to Philosophy 2022-06-15T00:00:00Z Enlightenment thinkers had first proposed the ideas of social and legal equality that came to fruition in the American and French Revolutions. Western Civilization: A Concise History 2020-01-01T00:00:00Z Although the Enlightenment established important foundations for the defense of human rights, its reach was limited to a relatively small elite. World History: from 1400 2022-12-14T00:00:00Z In his recent exhibition “Enlightenment,” at the California African American Museum, Thomas sought to expand on the term to offer his own definition in relation to visual art: Can abstract art help us learn how to accept suffering in a spiraling world? 2022-08-17T04:00:00Z Despite its proprietors’ early vision of a colony guided by Enlightenment ideals and free of slavery, by the 1750s, Georgia was producing quantities of rice grown and harvested by the enslaved. U.S. History 2014-12-30T00:00:00Z The members of the Frankfurt School critiqued Enlightenment thought, revised key Marxist concepts, and proposed new strategies pertaining to how social change can be accomplished. Introduction to Philosophy 2022-06-15T00:00:00Z Thus, almost all of the major thinkers of the Enlightenment tried to get to the bottom of just that task: what is standing in the way of reason, and how can humanity become more reasonable? Western Civilization: A Concise History 2020-01-01T00:00:00Z What were some of the global foundations of the Enlightenment? World History: from 1400 2022-12-14T00:00:00Z Enlightenment is a sincere effort to bring elements of art as messengers of our potential divinity. Can abstract art help us learn how to accept suffering in a spiraling world? 2022-08-17T04:00:00Z Genoa, Venice, and the Dutch Republic provided examples of states without monarchs, but many European Enlightenment thinkers questioned the stability of a republic. U.S. History 2014-12-30T00:00:00Z The Frankfurt School rejected the Enlightenment’s faith in the ability of reason to lay bare the secrets of the universe. Introduction to Philosophy 2022-06-15T00:00:00Z One of the major causes of the Enlightenment was the Scientific Revolution. Western Civilization: A Concise History 2020-01-01T00:00:00Z How was the public sphere of the Enlightenment influenced by earlier developments in the Islamic world? World History: from 1400 2022-12-14T00:00:00Z Hostility toward critical knowledge is also a form of revolt against the Enlightenment, against an ideal of truth that demands questioning one's ego, one's limits, one's safety and one's world. America's heart of darkness: Making sense of the nonsensical allure of MAGA 2022-07-31T04:00:00Z Several ideas dominated Enlightenment thought, including rationalism, empiricism, progressivism, and cosmopolitanism. U.S. History 2014-12-30T00:00:00Z The use of reason as the grounds for morality became particularly important in Enlightenment philosophy because philosophers wanted to assert the validity of moral principles without relying on religious beliefs or God. Introduction to Philosophy 2022-06-15T00:00:00Z Hume was the major philosopher associated with the Scottish Enlightenment, an outpost of the movement centered in the Scottish capital of Edinburgh. Western Civilization: A Concise History 2020-01-01T00:00:00Z It was during this Bourbon Era that Enlightenment ideas spread across the Atlantic world, including to the Spanish colonies in North and South America. World History: from 1400 2022-12-14T00:00:00Z Secular humanists note Jefferson’s own religious skepticism and fit his words and worldview within 18th century Enlightenment thinking, emphasizing human reason over faith. The long, ongoing debate over ‘All men are created equal’ 2022-07-03T04:00:00Z Finally, cosmopolitanism reflected Enlightenment thinkers’ view of themselves as citizens of the world and actively engaged in it, as opposed to being provincial and close-minded. U.S. History 2014-12-30T00:00:00Z In contrast, Enlightenment philosophers argue that beauty is a subjective judgment. Introduction to Philosophy 2022-06-15T00:00:00Z The political implications of the Enlightenment were surprisingly muted at the time. Western Civilization: A Concise History 2020-01-01T00:00:00Z Still, the “dangerous” notions of the Enlightenment were able to spread not only among educated creoles in the colonies but among mixed-race people as well. World History: from 1400 2022-12-14T00:00:00Z There’s an exuberance, a literal breathlessness as the poet moves beyond the Enlightenment to seek inspiration in the darker, intuitive currents of our psyches, a precursor to Freud’s model of the unconscious. Review | In Mieko Kawakami’s engrossing novel, a woman’s demons emerge at night 2022-05-05T04:00:00Z His most famous work, on electricity, exemplified Enlightenment principles. U.S. History 2014-12-30T00:00:00Z Since the Enlightenment, many societies have adopted the Kantian value that humans should not be treated as a means to an end. Introduction to Philosophy 2022-06-15T00:00:00Z The greatest novelist, poet, and philosopher of France during the height of the Enlightenment period, Voltaire became famous across Europe for his wit, intelligence, and moral battles against what he perceived as injustice and superstition. Western Civilization: A Concise History 2020-01-01T00:00:00Z Ultimately, both inductive and deductive reasoning influenced the intellectual context of the Enlightenment by providing two systematic means of drawing conclusions about the natural world from observations and evidence. World History: from 1400 2022-12-14T00:00:00Z “Back in the 18th century, Trinity was the university of the Irish Enlightenment,” he said, an alma mater to writers and thinkers like Edmund Burke, Oliver Goldsmith and Jonathan Swift. An Irish National Treasure Gets Set for a Long-Needed Restoration 2022-05-28T04:00:00Z Enlightenment principles even guided the founding of the colony of Georgia, although those principles could not stand up to the realities of colonial life, and slavery soon took hold in the colony. U.S. History 2014-12-30T00:00:00Z Marxist theorists began rejecting both the inevitability of revolution and the Enlightenment belief that the pursuit of knowledge would lead to progress. Introduction to Philosophy 2022-06-15T00:00:00Z In turn, various monarchs and nobles were attracted to Enlightenment thought. Western Civilization: A Concise History 2020-01-01T00:00:00Z Like Locke and his contemporaries in England, key figures of the French Enlightenment also debated the scope of natural rights. World History: from 1400 2022-12-14T00:00:00Z I am also nostalgic for the time, probably also imagined, when the Enlightenment dream prevailed. Opinion | In Grief Is How We Live Now 2022-05-07T04:00:00Z How did the ideas of the Enlightenment and the Great Awakening offer opposing outlooks to British Americans? U.S. History 2014-12-30T00:00:00Z This chapter examines the philosophies of Enlightenment social theory, Marxist theory, and critical theory that inform so much of the way we live our lives today. Introduction to Philosophy 2022-06-15T00:00:00Z Miracles, by their very nature, purported to violate natural law, and according to the very core principles of Enlightenment thought, that simply was not possible. Western Civilization: A Concise History 2020-01-01T00:00:00Z The Declaration of Independence was modeled on Enlightenment principles of sovereignty and natural rights, particularly the social contract theory of the writer and philosopher John Locke. World History: from 1400 2022-12-14T00:00:00Z “We like to think we’re immune to this because we had the Enlightenment and became very serious and rational,” she says. A visit to the human factory 2022-05-04T04:00:00Z On a trip to Europe in 1832, he met leading figures of romanticism who rejected the hyper-rationalism of the Enlightenment, emphasizing instead emotion and the sublime. U.S. History 2014-12-30T00:00:00Z Enlightenment thinkers proposed that human reason coupled with empirical study of the physical world would lead to progress—namely, the advancement of science and the improvement of the human condition. Introduction to Philosophy 2022-06-15T00:00:00Z Thus, the Enlightenment did more to disrupt the social and political order by the late eighteenth century than most of its members ever intended. Western Civilization: A Concise History 2020-01-01T00:00:00Z Nevertheless, a distinction between political and economic liberalism evolved from the work of Enlightenment thinkers like John Locke and Adam Smith. World History: from 1400 2022-12-14T00:00:00Z “Western White male cis rationality undergirds the racist, sexist, colonialist, imperialist Enlightenment project.” Conservatives fight ‘woke math’ textbooks in K-12 schools 2022-04-20T04:00:00Z Using the power of the press, Enlightenment thinkers like John Locke, Isaac Newton, and Voltaire questioned accepted knowledge and spread new ideas about openness, investigation, and religious tolerance throughout Europe and the Americas. U.S. History 2014-12-30T00:00:00Z Though these fields did not address social issues, they informed critical theory, which provided a new perspective on why Enlightenment social theory may not be enough to solve social problems. Introduction to Philosophy 2022-06-15T00:00:00Z As the century went on, a growing number of members of the Third Estate, especially those influenced by Enlightenment thought, came to chafe at a political order that remained resolutely medieval in its basic structure. Western Civilization: A Concise History 2020-01-01T00:00:00Z In what ways did women participate in the Enlightenment? World History: from 1400 2022-12-14T00:00:00Z She could become president of the nation once considered the cradle of the Enlightenment. Opinion | A tantrum by infantilized French populists could elect Marine Le Pen 2022-04-15T04:00:00Z In all, Enlightenment thinkers endeavored to be ruled by reason, not prejudice. U.S. History 2014-12-30T00:00:00Z The Enlightenment had established a hierarchical relationship between philosophy—and by extension reason—and science. Introduction to Philosophy 2022-06-15T00:00:00Z Thus, the Enlightenment thought took place in the midst of what historians call the “growth of the public sphere.” Western Civilization: A Concise History 2020-01-01T00:00:00Z What role did coffeehouses play in the exchange of Enlightenment ideas? World History: from 1400 2022-12-14T00:00:00Z Enlightenment philosopher John Locke had likewise argued that human government rested on a social contract between the people and their rulers. Building the American Republic, Volume 2 2018-01-18T00:00:00Z The Freemasons were a fraternal society that advocated Enlightenment principles of inquiry and tolerance. U.S. History 2014-12-30T00:00:00Z Horkheimer and others criticized Kant and Enlightenment philosophy as abstract, irrelevant, or in the worst case, enabling the oppression that occurred since Kant’s time. Introduction to Philosophy 2022-06-15T00:00:00Z Salons were noteworthy for being led by women in most cases; educated women were thought to be the best moderators of learned discussion by most Enlightenment thinkers, men and women alike. Western Civilization: A Concise History 2020-01-01T00:00:00Z What were some of the ways in which the rhetoric about rights and freedoms in the Enlightenment was contradictory? World History: from 1400 2022-12-14T00:00:00Z Spurred at first by religious faith and Enlightenment principles, vocal opposition to slavery as an institution had slowly emerged in eighteenth-century America and Europe. Building the American Republic, Volume 2 2018-01-18T00:00:00Z While the Great Awakening emphasized vigorously emotional religiosity, the Enlightenment promoted the power of reason and scientific observation. U.S. History 2014-12-30T00:00:00Z Equally as important to critical theory was the liberating of philosophy itself from what was perceived as the limiting boundaries as set by the key thinkers during the Enlightenment. Introduction to Philosophy 2022-06-15T00:00:00Z The major thinkers of the Enlightenment considered themselves to be part of a “republic of letters,” similar to the “republic of science” that played such a role in the Scientific Revolution. Western Civilization: A Concise History 2020-01-01T00:00:00Z Ultimately, these ideas were more influential in Europe than elsewhere, but the consequences of the Enlightenment were by no means limited to Europe. World History: from 1400 2022-12-14T00:00:00Z Opposition to slavery spread as the principles of the Enlightenment and the American Revolution underscored the hypocrisy of calling for liberty while holding others in bondage. Building the American Republic, Volume 2 2018-01-18T00:00:00Z He embodied Enlightenment ideals in the British Atlantic with his scientific experiments and philanthropic endeavors. U.S. History 2014-12-30T00:00:00Z This period of change is known as the Enlightenment. Introduction to Philosophy 2022-06-15T00:00:00Z The term most often used for Enlightenment thinkers is philosophe, meaning simply “philosopher” in French. Western Civilization: A Concise History 2020-01-01T00:00:00Z Enlightenment thinkers in Europe created a new synthesis of knowledge that later spread to the rest of the world, where colonial subjects added their own interpretations and put these ideas to their own uses. World History: from 1400 2022-12-14T00:00:00Z Eager to share in a broader intellectual community, leading colonists absorbed new ideas about the role of reason and science in human life and embraced the opportunity to join a transatlantic movement called the Enlightenment. Building the American Republic, Volume 2 2018-01-18T00:00:00Z Enlightenment political thought profoundly influenced Adams and other revolutionary leaders seeking to create viable republican governments. U.S. History 2014-12-30T00:00:00Z Much of the remainder of this text examines the ideas of thinkers who lived during the Enlightenment as well as later in the modern era. Introduction to Philosophy 2022-06-15T00:00:00Z Locke was an Englishman who, along with Newton, was among the founding figures of the Enlightenment itself. Western Civilization: A Concise History 2020-01-01T00:00:00Z The tension between state authority and the right of individuals to make decisions for themselves likewise inspired the work of Jean-Jacques Rousseau, whose contributions to Enlightenment philosophy included his influential treatise The Social Contract. World History: from 1400 2022-12-14T00:00:00Z Wealthy and well-educated colonists embraced the ideas of the European Enlightenment, which honored science and reason and stressed the perfectibility of human nature. Building the American Republic, Volume 2 2018-01-18T00:00:00Z It is the European Enlightenment in architectural form. Ukraine war: Putin has redrawn the world - but not the way he wanted 2022-03-18T04:00:00Z The 17th to 19th centuries included the Enlightenment, the scientific revolution, and the Industrial Revolution. Introduction to Philosophy 2022-06-15T00:00:00Z This idea was hugely inspiring to other Enlightenment thinkers, because it implied that society could be perfected if education was somehow improved and rationalized. Western Civilization: A Concise History 2020-01-01T00:00:00Z Some Enlightenment thinkers, however, did not consider women to be equal in status to their male counterparts. World History: from 1400 2022-12-14T00:00:00Z The Enlightenment and the Awakening would both have important roles in the future of American culture. Building the American Republic, Volume 2 2018-01-18T00:00:00Z To try to reach the younger generation, both the Ministry of Enlightenment and the Ministry of Education in Russia have produced videos detailing the official explanation for the war; they were mandatory viewing in schools. Two Days of Russian News Coverage: An Alternate Reality of War 2022-03-08T05:00:00Z Unlike Enlightenment social theory, Marxist theories did not try to solve specific social problems that arose from industrialization and urbanization. Introduction to Philosophy 2022-06-15T00:00:00Z The pen name of François-Marie Arouet, Voltaire was arguably the single most influential figure of the Enlightenment. Western Civilization: A Concise History 2020-01-01T00:00:00Z Although a small number of women played important roles in the Enlightenment, most did not immediately benefit from its emphasis on ideals of equality and freedom. World History: from 1400 2022-12-14T00:00:00Z A brilliant philosopher and theologian who shared the Enlightenment’s respect for human reason, Edwards was also a practical preacher who worried about the coldness of his flock. Building the American Republic, Volume 2 2018-01-18T00:00:00Z To try to reach the younger generation, Russia’s Ministry of Enlightenment and Ministry of Education have produced videos detailing the official explanation for the war; they were mandatory viewing in schools. Two days of Russian news coverage: an alternate reality of war 2022-03-08T05:00:00Z Describe the Frankfurt School’s revision of Enlightenment and Marxist ideas. Introduction to Philosophy 2022-06-15T00:00:00Z Inspired by Enlightenment ideas, he freed the serfs on royal lands and banned the more onerous feudal duties owed by serfs owned by his nobles. Western Civilization: A Concise History 2020-01-01T00:00:00Z As international trade and cultural exchange increased between Europe and its Eastern neighbors during the Enlightenment, these autonomous secular spaces had a profound influence on the development of the public sphere in Europe. World History: from 1400 2022-12-14T00:00:00Z A gifted though eclectic scholar, Jefferson had embraced the ideas of the Enlightenment and England’s Country Party. Building the American Republic, Volume 2 2018-01-18T00:00:00Z Thomas Paine was influenced by Enlightenment philosophers, such as John Locke. myWorld: Building Our Country 2012-01-01T00:00:00Z Their efforts spurred the Enlightenment,a new intellectual movement that stressed reason and thought and the power of individuals to solve problems. World History: Patterns of Interaction 2012-01-01T00:00:00Z Catherine was a correspondent of French philosophes and actively cultivated Enlightenment- inspired art and learning in Russia. Western Civilization: A Concise History 2020-01-01T00:00:00Z For those who could not read or buy books, coffeehouse conversations thus allowed active participation in the intellectual culture of the Enlightenment. World History: from 1400 2022-12-14T00:00:00Z At the committee’s request, Jefferson composed a stirring draft that skillfully blended Whig theory, Enlightenment philosophy, and popular demands from American crowds and legislatures. Building the American Republic, Volume 2 2018-01-18T00:00:00Z The Enlightenment was a movement that had occurred in Europe a few decades before. myWorld: Building Our Country 2012-01-01T00:00:00Z The Enlightenment started from some key ideas put forth by two English political thinkers of the 1600s, Thomas Hobbes and John Locke. World History: Patterns of Interaction 2012-01-01T00:00:00Z Her enthusiasm for the Enlightenment dampened considerably, however, as the French Revolution began in 1789, and while Russian nobles found their own privileges expanded, the vast majority of Russian subjects remained serfs. Western Civilization: A Concise History 2020-01-01T00:00:00Z Enlightenment ideas of natural rights—tested through a series of revolutions—developed into a lasting commitment to consent of the governed and equality before the law in the liberal political philosophies of the nineteenth century. World History: from 1400 2022-12-14T00:00:00Z Such aspirations gained a secular republican gloss with the coming of the Enlightenment and the success of the American Revolution, but did not lose their spiritual resonance. Building the American Republic, Volume 2 2018-01-18T00:00:00Z By the beginning of the eighteenth century, scientific discoveries and new thinking had led to an intellectual movement based on reason and known as the Enlightenment. Magruder's American Government 2016-01-01T00:00:00Z A strange, brilliant, and controversial figure, Rousseau strongly disagreed with other Enlightenment thinkers on many matters. World History: Patterns of Interaction 2012-01-01T00:00:00Z Just as torture came to be seen by almost all Enlightenment thinkers as not just cruel, but archaic and irrational, so slavery went from an unquestionable economic necessity to a loathsome form of ongoing injustice. Western Civilization: A Concise History 2020-01-01T00:00:00Z As the argument continued during the Enlightenment period, it expanded into discussions of social contract theory that focused more specifically on the ethics and legitimacy of law and the political order. World History: from 1400 2022-12-14T00:00:00Z Baptists and other dissenters continued to protest, however, joined by Enlightenment figures like Thomas Jefferson and James Madison, who argued that religion was a strictly private matter that deserved no public funding. Building the American Republic, Volume 2 2018-01-18T00:00:00Z The document he crafted drew from the political philosophies of Enlightenment thinker John Locke, in particular the ideas of natural rights and the social contract theory. Magruder's American Government 2016-01-01T00:00:00Z Enlightenment thinking produced three other long-term effects that helped shape Western civilization. World History: Patterns of Interaction 2012-01-01T00:00:00Z While the mainstream Enlightenment was definitely an elite affair conducted in public, there were other elements to it. Western Civilization: A Concise History 2020-01-01T00:00:00Z The Enlightenment’s emphasis on public opinion, natural rights, and freedom from tyranny also resonated with many educated commoners and aristocrats, who believed that political and economic reforms were desperately needed in France. World History: from 1400 2022-12-14T00:00:00Z Inspired by the Enlightenment’s cult of reason and deism, they also attacked the Catholic Church for defending the old order with what they called “superstitions.” Building the American Republic, Volume 2 2018-01-18T00:00:00Z They also subscribed to such Enlightenment ideas as natural rights, the social contract, separation of powers, and checks and balances. Magruder's American Government 2016-01-01T00:00:00Z During the Enlightenment, people began to question openly their religious beliefs and the teachings of the church. World History: Patterns of Interaction 2012-01-01T00:00:00Z Some Masonic lodges were associated with a much more widespread part of the “radical” Enlightenment: the vast underground world of illegal publishers and smugglers. Western Civilization: A Concise History 2020-01-01T00:00:00Z In the Enlightenment, especially in the work of the philosopher Jean-Jacques Rousseau, it eventually evolved into the idea of love for the nation. World History: from 1400 2022-12-14T00:00:00Z Leaders like Thomas Jefferson embraced Enlightenment deism, and the revolutionary writer Thomas Paine turned from political tracts to mockery of Christian revelation. Building the American Republic, Volume 2 2018-01-18T00:00:00Z Pinker views civilization, especially the version that emerged in Europe several centuries ago during the Enlightenment, as the cure to our violent tendencies. Ancient Peoples Teach Us That We Can Create a Better World 2022-02-28T05:00:00Z Nevertheless, the Enlightenment spread throughout Europe with the help of books, magazines, and word of mouth. World History: Patterns of Interaction 2012-01-01T00:00:00Z |
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