| 单词 | Enkidu |
| 例句 | "He once dressed up as Gilgamesh for Halloween. I was his sidekick, Enkidu—no surprise there." City of the Plague God 2021-01-12T00:00:00Z As Gilgamesh and Enkidu then become friends, and embark on a journey, my mind is transported out of the ship’s pod to the forests, oceans, and great deserts they travel to. The Last Cuentista 2021-10-12T00:00:00Z About fighting demons and monsters, saving princesses, and going on adventures with his best bud, Enkidu. City of the Plague God 2021-01-12T00:00:00Z They were the original dynamic duo: Gilgamesh the demigod warrior king, and Enkidu, the wild man with hair down to his knees and kin to the animals. City of the Plague God 2021-01-12T00:00:00Z "But there are tales of him wrestling Enkidu, killing the Bull of Heaven, and facing down some huge demon in a forest—cutting him clean in half, if I remember right." City of the Plague God 2021-01-12T00:00:00Z Ben goes on to read of the tragic end of Enkidu and Gilgamesh’s pain of losing his best friend. The Last Cuentista 2021-10-12T00:00:00Z I would have followed him anywhere, just like Enkidu had happily trailed Gilgamesh. City of the Plague God 2021-01-12T00:00:00Z Still, much as I longed to revisit the exploits of the first superheroes, Gilgamesh and Enkidu, it would be, as Mr. Spock used to say, “illogical.” Review | 12 books I should have reviewed this year: A critic’s lament 2021-12-27T05:00:00Z The parallel to that is the relationship between Gilgamesh and his best friend Enkidu. At Under the Radar, Theater That Jumps Right Off the Page 2023-01-05T05:00:00Z Enkidu is punished by the gods for their arrogance and he dies. Western Civilization: A Concise History 2020-01-01T00:00:00Z Each night, when the two men are travelling to the Forest of Cedar, Enkidu makes a little house for Gilgamesh to sleep in, and, “like a net, lay himself in the doorway.” How to Read “Gilgamesh” 2019-10-07T04:00:00Z Enkidu sails through storms of hailstones that strike him like “hammers”, waves attack his boat like “butting turtles”, but he still reaches the netherworld. What lies beneath: Robert Macfarlane travels 'Underland' 2019-04-20T04:00:00Z “The Epic of Gilgamesh,” which is perhaps our oldest tale, written some 4,000 years ago, is a bromance of sorts between Gilgamesh and his beloved friend Enkidu. Opinion | This Friendship Has Been Digitized 2019-03-23T04:00:00Z It stared at him on his approach to its orbit, Enkidu to Enlil, the god of fates. An artificial life form carries the seeds of humanity to a new world 2019-02-04T05:00:00Z His primary aim is to terrify men and it's up to the brave, demi-god Gilgamesh and his sidekick Enkidu to vanquish Humbaba and rid the forest of his ugly tyranny. Museum of Lost Objects: The Genie of Nimrud - BBC News 2016-03-08T05:00:00Z Likewise, when, as a result of his commerce with human beings, Enkidu loses his kinship with the animals, that melancholy fact is given its due: How to Read “Gilgamesh” 2019-10-07T04:00:00Z There, however, he is imprisoned, only to be freed when the young warrior Utu opens a hole to the surface and carries Enkidu back out on a lofting breeze. What lies beneath: Robert Macfarlane travels 'Underland' 2019-04-20T04:00:00Z In these dreams which he has told to his mother he receives premonition concerning the advent of the satyr Enkidu, destined to join with him in the conquest of Elam. The Epic of Gilgamish A Fragment of the Gilgamish Legend in Old-Babylonian Cuneiform “As the Enkidu, there are endless complexities and a sense of calm.” An artificial life form carries the seeds of humanity to a new world 2019-02-04T05:00:00Z Gilgamesh and Enkidu, meanwhile, are aggressors, ecological thieves. Museum of Lost Objects: The Genie of Nimrud - BBC News 2016-03-08T05:00:00Z Did Gilgamesh and Enkidu have a homosexual relationship? How to Read “Gilgamesh” 2019-10-07T04:00:00Z Up in the sunlight Enkidu and Gilgamesh embrace, kiss and talk for hours. What lies beneath: Robert Macfarlane travels 'Underland' 2019-04-20T04:00:00Z At last he comes to the notice of Gilgamish himself, who is shocked by the newly acquired manner of Enkidu. The Epic of Gilgamish A Fragment of the Gilgamish Legend in Old-Babylonian Cuneiform “As the Enkidu, there are endless complexities and a sense of calm.” An artificial life form carries the seeds of humanity to a new world 2019-02-04T05:00:00Z From the Assyrian version we know that the hero tells the maiden of his grief for his lost companion, and of his longing to escape the dire fate of Enkidu. An Old Babylonian Version of the Gilgamesh Epic Here, in Globish—with plus signs indicating missing words that Terry apparently doesn’t want to guess at and vertical lines demarcating metrical units—are the trapper’s instructions to Shamhat for seducing Enkidu: How to Read “Gilgamesh” 2019-10-07T04:00:00Z A variant to the Epic of Gilgamesh, written around 2100BC in Sumer, tells of such a descent made by Gilgamesh’s servant Enkidu to the “netherworld”, to retrieve a lost object on behalf of his master. What lies beneath: Robert Macfarlane travels 'Underland' 2019-04-20T04:00:00Z Gilgamish is enamoured of the beautiful virgin goddess Išhara, and Enkidu, fearing the effeminate effects of his friend’s attachment, prevents him forcibly from entering a house. The Epic of Gilgamish A Fragment of the Gilgamish Legend in Old-Babylonian Cuneiform When they came to the place where he was, Enkidu seized him by the tail, and Gilgamish delivered deadly blows between his neck and his horns, and together they killed, him. The Babylonian Story of the Deluge as Told by Assyrian Tablets from Nineveh We must distinguish, therefore, between the earliest literary form, which was undoubtedly Sumerian, and the origin of the episodes embodied in the Epic, including the chief actors, Gilgamesh and his companion Enkidu. An Old Babylonian Version of the Gilgamesh Epic When Enkidu meets Shamhat at the water hole, there is no talk of love boxes. How to Read “Gilgamesh” 2019-10-07T04:00:00Z It is not Enkidu who is terrified and who is warned against the encounter. An Old Babylonian Version of the Gilgamesh Epic A terrific combat between these heroes ensues,10 in which Enkidu conquers, and in a magnanimous speech he reminds Gilgamish of his higher destiny. The Epic of Gilgamish A Fragment of the Gilgamish Legend in Old-Babylonian Cuneiform When Enkidu heard these words his anxious heart had peace. The Babylonian Story of the Deluge as Told by Assyrian Tablets from Nineveh The Pennsylvania tablet begins with two dreams recounted by Gilgamesh to his mother, which the latter interprets as presaging the coming of Enkidu to Erech. An Old Babylonian Version of the Gilgamesh Epic Enkidu strokes her thighs; he sings to her. How to Read “Gilgamesh” 2019-10-07T04:00:00Z It is Gilgamesh who, during the night on his way from the house in which the goddess Ishḫara lies, encounters Enkidu on the highway. An Old Babylonian Version of the Gilgamesh Epic In another unplaced fragment of the Assyrian text11 Enkidu rejects his mistress also, apparently on his own initiative and for ascetic reasons. The Epic of Gilgamish A Fragment of the Gilgamish Legend in Old-Babylonian Cuneiform Enkidu hearkened and finally went back with her to her city, where she described the wisdom, power and might of Gilgamish, and took steps to make Enkidu known to him. The Babylonian Story of the Deluge as Told by Assyrian Tablets from Nineveh This personage, the mother explains, is again Enkidu. An Old Babylonian Version of the Gilgamesh Epic That very night, Enkidu has a dream that, to atone for the crime of murdering the Bull of Heaven, one of the two men must die. How to Read “Gilgamesh” 2019-10-07T04:00:00Z They grapple with each other, and Enkidu forces Gilgamesh to the ground. An Old Babylonian Version of the Gilgamesh Epic Obverse III 28–32 describes Enkidu the slayer of lions and panthers. The Epic of Gilgamish A Fragment of the Gilgamish Legend in Old-Babylonian Cuneiform To the Third Tablet probably belongs the fragment in which Enkidu relates to Gilgamish a horrifying dream which he had had. The Babylonian Story of the Deluge as Told by Assyrian Tablets from Nineveh Langdon is of the opinion that these dreams are recounted to Enkidu by a woman with whom Enkidu cohabits for six days and seven nights and who weans Enkidu from association with animals. An Old Babylonian Version of the Gilgamesh Epic When, at the conclusion of Tablet 7, Enkidu dies, “Gilgamesh” does not end. How to Read “Gilgamesh” 2019-10-07T04:00:00Z Enkidu is, therefore, the real hero whose traits of physical prowess are afterwards transferred to Gilgamesh. An Old Babylonian Version of the Gilgamesh Epic Seals in all periods frequently represent Enkidu in combat with a lion. The Epic of Gilgamish A Fragment of the Gilgamish Legend in Old-Babylonian Cuneiform The hunter was terrified at the sight of Enkidu, and went home hastily and told his father what he had seen and how badly he had fared. The Babylonian Story of the Deluge as Told by Assyrian Tablets from Nineveh The story then continues with the description of the coming of Enkidu, conducted by the woman to the outskirts of Erech, where food is given him. An Old Babylonian Version of the Gilgamesh Epic As Gilgamesh and Enkidu approach, he taunts them. How to Read “Gilgamesh” 2019-10-07T04:00:00Z Similarly in the next episode, the struggle against Ḫuwawa, the Yale tablet makes it clear that in the original form of the tale Enkidu is the real hero. An Old Babylonian Version of the Gilgamesh Epic The struggle between the two heroes, where Enkidu strives to rescue his friend from the fatal charms of Išhara, is probably depicted on seals also. The Epic of Gilgamish A Fragment of the Gilgamish Legend in Old-Babylonian Cuneiform Here Enkidu saw in his dream creatures who had been kings when they lived upon the earth, and shadowy beings offering roasted meat to Anu and Enlil, and cool drinks poured out from waterskins. The Babylonian Story of the Deluge as Told by Assyrian Tablets from Nineveh The main feature of the incident is the conversion of Enkidu to civilized life. An Old Babylonian Version of the Gilgamesh Epic “Spawn of a fish,” he calls the fatherless Enkidu. How to Read “Gilgamesh” 2019-10-07T04:00:00Z All warn Gish against the undertaking—the elders of Erech, Enkidu, and also the workmen. An Old Babylonian Version of the Gilgamesh Epic This scene not improbably illustrates the effort of Enkidu to rescue his friend from the goddess. The Epic of Gilgamish A Fragment of the Gilgamish Legend in Old-Babylonian Cuneiform A fragment, which seems to belong to this Tablet beyond doubt, describes the sickness and death of Enkidu. The Babylonian Story of the Deluge as Told by Assyrian Tablets from Nineveh Enkidu, who hitherto had gone about naked, is clothed by the woman. An Old Babylonian Version of the Gilgamesh Epic Enkidu is a giant, too, though not as big as Gilgamesh. How to Read “Gilgamesh” 2019-10-07T04:00:00Z It is only after Enkidu, who himself hesitates and tries to dissuade Gish, decides to accompany the latter that the elders of Erech are reconciled and encourage Gish for the fray. An Old Babylonian Version of the Gilgamesh Epic The standard Assyrian texts regard Enkidu as the subject. The Epic of Gilgamish A Fragment of the Gilgamish Legend in Old-Babylonian Cuneiform But Enkidu moved not, and when Gilgamish touched his breast his heart was still. The Babylonian Story of the Deluge as Told by Assyrian Tablets from Nineveh Enkidu becomes a shepherd, protecting the fold against wild beasts, and his exploit in dispatching lions is briefly told. An Old Babylonian Version of the Gilgamesh Epic Finally, a maggot falls out of one of Enkidu’s nostrils. How to Read “Gilgamesh” 2019-10-07T04:00:00Z Therefore, in both the Babylonian and the Assyrian version Enkidu is represented as hesitating, and Gilgamesh as determined to go ahead. An Old Babylonian Version of the Gilgamesh Epic Since the person who dreams is always the one to whom the dream applies, we may see in these dreams a further trace of the primary rôle originally assigned to Enkidu. An Old Babylonian Version of the Gilgamesh Epic He appealed to Bêl and asked him to raise up the spirit of Enkidu for him, but Bêl made no answer; he then appealed to Sin, and this god also made no answer. The Babylonian Story of the Deluge as Told by Assyrian Tablets from Nineveh The woman leads Enkidu from the outskirts of Erech into the city itself, where the people on seeing him remark upon his likeness to Gilgamesh. An Old Babylonian Version of the Gilgamesh Epic When Ishtar protests, Enkidu tears off one of the bull’s haunches and throws it at her, saying that he would happily have ripped off her limbs and thrown them at the bull. How to Read “Gilgamesh” 2019-10-07T04:00:00Z In the fragmentary description of the contest with the bull, we find Enkidu “seizing” the monster by “its tail.” An Old Babylonian Version of the Gilgamesh Epic Be it noted also that Enkidu, not Gilgamesh, is punished for the insult to Ishtar. An Old Babylonian Version of the Gilgamesh Epic Gilgamish began to ask the spirit of Enkidu questions, but gained very little information or satisfaction. The Babylonian Story of the Deluge as Told by Assyrian Tablets from Nineveh Gilgamesh is overcome by Enkidu and is enraged at being thrown to the ground. An Old Babylonian Version of the Gilgamesh Epic As Michael Schmidt writes, Enkidu has “some thirty so far silent lines to bid his beloved Gilgamesh good-bye and perish.” How to Read “Gilgamesh” 2019-10-07T04:00:00Z In view of this, we may supply the name of Enkidu in the little song introduced at the close of the encounter with the bull, and not Gilgamesh as has hitherto been done. An Old Babylonian Version of the Gilgamesh Epic Gilgamesh in the Epic is merely a reflex of Enkidu. An Old Babylonian Version of the Gilgamesh Epic On the night of the festival Enkidu had a dream, and he rose up and related it to Gilgamish. The Babylonian Story of the Deluge as Told by Assyrian Tablets from Nineveh The tablet closes with the endeavor of Enkidu to pacify Gilgamesh. An Old Babylonian Version of the Gilgamesh Epic Now, with the death of Enkidu, everything changes. How to Read “Gilgamesh” 2019-10-07T04:00:00Z Gilgamesh resembles Enkidu, because he is originally Enkidu. An Old Babylonian Version of the Gilgamesh Epic The “resemblance” motif is merely the manner in which in the course of the partly popular, partly literary transfer, the recollection is preserved that Enkidu is the original, and Gilgamesh the copy. An Old Babylonian Version of the Gilgamesh Epic A large number of lines of text are wanting at the beginning of the Tablet, but it is very probable that they contained a description of Enkidu's dream. The Babylonian Story of the Deluge as Told by Assyrian Tablets from Nineveh Enkidu declares that the mother of Gilgamesh has exalted her son above the ordinary mortal, and that Enlil himself has singled him out for royal prerogatives. An Old Babylonian Version of the Gilgamesh Epic The artificiality of the process which brings the two heroes together is apparent in the dreams of Gilgamesh which are interpreted by his mother as portending the coming of Enkidu. An Old Babylonian Version of the Gilgamesh Epic The fight between Enkidu and Gilgamesh, in which the former is the victor, is typical of the kind of tales told of Enkidu. An Old Babylonian Version of the Gilgamesh Epic The death of Enkidu naturally formed the close of the Enkidu Epic, which in its original form may, of course, have included other exploits besides those taken over into the Gilgamesh Epic. An Old Babylonian Version of the Gilgamesh Epic I myself shall die, and shall not I then be as Enkidu? The Babylonian Story of the Deluge as Told by Assyrian Tablets from Nineveh If this is correct, then the close of the first column may represent a conversation between these elders and the woman who accompanies Enkidu. An Old Babylonian Version of the Gilgamesh Epic There is another aspect of the figure of Enkidu which is brought forward in the Pennsylvania tablet more clearly than had hitherto been the case. An Old Babylonian Version of the Gilgamesh Epic This suggested that Enkidu was a picture of primeval man, while the woman reminded one of Eve, who when she is brought to Adam becomes his helpmate and inseparable companion. An Old Babylonian Version of the Gilgamesh Epic This is the significance of the address to Enkidu in column 4 of the Pennsylvania tablet, even though certain expressions in it are somewhat obscure. An Old Babylonian Version of the Gilgamesh Epic Gilgamish then thought that if he could have a conversation with Enkidu, his dead friend, he might learn from him what he wanted to know. The Babylonian Story of the Deluge as Told by Assyrian Tablets from Nineveh The elders apparently desire Enkidu to accompany Gilgamesh in this perilous adventure, and with this in view appeal to the woman. An Old Babylonian Version of the Gilgamesh Epic The connection of the entire episode of Enkidu and the woman with Gilgamesh is very artificial; and it becomes much more intelligible if we disassociate it from its present entanglement in the Epic. An Old Babylonian Version of the Gilgamesh Epic In Gilgamesh’s dream, portending the meeting with Enkidu, nothing is said of the woman who is the companion of the latter. An Old Babylonian Version of the Gilgamesh Epic We must separate lines 30–33 in which the creation of the “Anu man” is described from lines 34–41 in which the creation of Enkidu is narrated. An Old Babylonian Version of the Gilgamesh Epic This Gilgamish refused to do, and when Enkidu declared that by force he would prevent him going to the goddess, a violent quarrel broke out between the two heroes, and they appealed to arms. The Babylonian Story of the Deluge as Told by Assyrian Tablets from Nineveh In the second column after an obscure reference to the mother of Gilgamesh—perhaps appealing to the sun-god—we find Gilgamesh and Enkidu again face to face. An Old Babylonian Version of the Gilgamesh Epic Indeed, these lines strike one as the proper beginning of the original Enkidu story, which would naturally start out with his birth and end with his death. An Old Babylonian Version of the Gilgamesh Epic The description is clearly an account of the creation of the first man, in which capacity Enkidu is brought forward. An Old Babylonian Version of the Gilgamesh Epic “Aruru washed her hands, broke off clay, threw it on the field103 … created Enkidu, the hero, a lofty offspring of the host of Ninib.” An Old Babylonian Version of the Gilgamesh Epic After a fierce fight Enkidu conquered Gilgamish, who apparently abandoned his visit to the goddess. The Babylonian Story of the Deluge as Told by Assyrian Tablets from Nineveh From the reference to Enkidu’s eyes “filled with tears,” we may conclude that he is moved to pity at the thought of what will happen to Gilgamesh if he insists upon carrying out his purpose. An Old Babylonian Version of the Gilgamesh Epic The description of Enkidu follows, with his body covered with hair like an animal, and eating and drinking with the animals. An Old Babylonian Version of the Gilgamesh Epic There follows an episode105 which has no connection whatsoever with the Gilgamesh Epic, but which is clearly intended to illustrate how Enkidu came to abandon the life with the animals. An Old Babylonian Version of the Gilgamesh Epic A hunter sees Enkidu and is amazed at the strange sight—an animal and yet a man. An Old Babylonian Version of the Gilgamesh Epic They went there, and Enkidu told his dream, and the wise woman offered up incense and asked Shamash why he had given to her son a heart which could never keep still. The Babylonian Story of the Deluge as Told by Assyrian Tablets from Nineveh It is clear, as Professor Haupt has suggested,32 that Enkidu furnishes the description of a volcano in eruption, with its mighty roar, spitting forth fire and belching out a suffocating smoke. An Old Babylonian Version of the Gilgamesh Epic Enkidu, as though resenting his condition, becomes enraged at the sight of the hunter, and the latter goes to his father and tells him of the strange creature whom he is unable to catch. An Old Babylonian Version of the Gilgamesh Epic We may therefore reconstruct the first two scenes in the Enkidu Epic as follows:106 Tablet I, col. An Old Babylonian Version of the Gilgamesh Epic Line 25, beginning “On the advice of his father,” must have set forth, in the original form of the episode, how the hunter procured the woman and took her with him to meet Enkidu. An Old Babylonian Version of the Gilgamesh Epic She next referred to the perilous expedition against the mighty King Khumbaba, which he had decided to undertake with Enkidu, and apparently hoped that the god would prevent her son from leaving Erech. The Babylonian Story of the Deluge as Told by Assyrian Tablets from Nineveh Gilgamesh is, however, undaunted and urges Enkidu to accompany him in the adventure. An Old Babylonian Version of the Gilgamesh Epic Column 4 gives in detail the meeting between the two, and naïvely describes how the woman exposes her charms to Enkidu, who is captivated by her and stays with her six days and seven nights. An Old Babylonian Version of the Gilgamesh Epic The animals see the change in Enkidu and run away from him. An Old Babylonian Version of the Gilgamesh Epic Gilgamesh, she adds, will expect Enkidu, for the coming of the latter to Erech has been foretold in a dream. An Old Babylonian Version of the Gilgamesh Epic But Gilgamish was determined to march against Khumbaba, and he and Enkidu set out without delay for the mountains where grew the cedars. The Babylonian Story of the Deluge as Told by Assyrian Tablets from Nineveh This speech of Enkidu is continued on the reverse. An Old Babylonian Version of the Gilgamesh Epic It is evident that here we have again the later transformation of the Enkidu Epic in order to bring the two heroes together. An Old Babylonian Version of the Gilgamesh Epic The address of the woman begins in line 51 of the Pennsylvania tablet: “I gaze upon thee, Enkidu, like a god art thou.” An Old Babylonian Version of the Gilgamesh Epic Enkidu consents, and now the woman takes off her garments and clothes the naked Enkidu, while putting another garment on herself. An Old Babylonian Version of the Gilgamesh Epic When Enkidu saw how dense was the forest and how threatening, he tried to make Gilgamish turn back, but all his entreaties were in vain. The Babylonian Story of the Deluge as Told by Assyrian Tablets from Nineveh In reply Gilgamesh emphasizes his reliance upon the good will of Shamash and reproaches Enkidu with cowardice. An Old Babylonian Version of the Gilgamesh Epic Accustomed hitherto to sucking milk with cattle, Enkidu does not know what to do with the strange food until encouraged and instructed by the woman. An Old Babylonian Version of the Gilgamesh Epic The story of Adam and Eve,108 as the story of Enkidu and the woman, is told with a purpose. An Old Babylonian Version of the Gilgamesh Epic Adam is expelled from Paradise as a punishment, whereas Enkidu is implored to leave it as a necessary step towards progress to a higher form of existence. An Old Babylonian Version of the Gilgamesh Epic Enkidu, my friend whom I loved hath become like the dust. The Babylonian Story of the Deluge as Told by Assyrian Tablets from Nineveh Enkidu follows in a speech likewise intended to encourage the hero; and with the actual beginning of the expedition against Ḫuwawa the tablet ends. An Old Babylonian Version of the Gilgamesh Epic The woman who accompanies Enkidu, therefore, becomes the medium of bringing the two heroes together. An Old Babylonian Version of the Gilgamesh Epic The myth has been attached to Gilgamesh as a favorite figure, and then woven into a pattern with the episode of Enkidu and the bull. An Old Babylonian Version of the Gilgamesh Epic As already suggested, with Enkidu’s death after this conquest of the bull the original Enkidu Epic came to an end. An Old Babylonian Version of the Gilgamesh Epic At length Enkidu and Gilgamish determined to go forth and slay the bull. The Babylonian Story of the Deluge as Told by Assyrian Tablets from Nineveh The variation in the writing of the name Enkidu is likewise interesting. An Old Babylonian Version of the Gilgamesh Epic Enkidu is punished with death, while Gilgamesh is smitten with disease. An Old Babylonian Version of the Gilgamesh Epic Enkidu is once more introduced into this episode. An Old Babylonian Version of the Gilgamesh Epic That Enkidu is not the figure created by Aruru to relieve Erech of its tyrannical ruler is also shown by the fact that Gilgamesh remains in control of Erech. An Old Babylonian Version of the Gilgamesh Epic In bitter grief Gilgamish wandered about the country uttering lamentations for his beloved companion, Enkidu. The Babylonian Story of the Deluge as Told by Assyrian Tablets from Nineveh This would clearly point to the West as the original home of Enkidu. An Old Babylonian Version of the Gilgamesh Epic Erech is, therefore, not relieved of the presence of the ruthless ruler through Enkidu. An Old Babylonian Version of the Gilgamesh Epic Ward No. 192, Enkidu has human legs like Gilgamesh; also No. 189, where it is difficult to say which is Gilgamesh, and which is Enkidu. An Old Babylonian Version of the Gilgamesh Epic Both Jensen and Ungnad admit that Enkidu is to be supplied in at least one of the lines. An Old Babylonian Version of the Gilgamesh Epic Before that she is merely ishsha, i.e., “woman,” just as in the Babylonian tale the woman who guides Enkidu is ḫarimtu, “woman.” An Old Babylonian Version of the Gilgamesh Epic When Enkidu appears on the streets of Erech, the people are struck by this resemblance. An Old Babylonian Version of the Gilgamesh Epic Line 64 corresponds to I, 4, 40, of the Assyrian version, which has an additional line, leading to the answer of Enkidu. An Old Babylonian Version of the Gilgamesh Epic Evidently Enkidu, still accustomed to live like an animal, is first led to the sheepfolds, and this suggests a repetition of the description of his former life. An Old Babylonian Version of the Gilgamesh Epic The “shepherds of the night,” who could now rest since Enkidu had killed the lions, are of course the shepherds who were accustomed to watch the flocks during the night. An Old Babylonian Version of the Gilgamesh Epic Since on seal cylinders depicting Enkidu killing lions and other animals the hero is armed with a dagger, this is presumably the weapon šibbaru. An Old Babylonian Version of the Gilgamesh Epic Turning to the numerous representations of Gilgamesh and Enkidu on Seal Cylinders,72 we find this resemblance of the two heroes to each other strikingly confirmed. An Old Babylonian Version of the Gilgamesh Epic The shepherds can sleep quietly after Enkidu has become the “guardian” of the flocks. An Old Babylonian Version of the Gilgamesh Epic Since the man whom the woman calls approaches Enkidu, the subject of both verbs is the man, and the object is Enkidu; i.e., therefore, “The man approaches Enkidu and beholds him.” An Old Babylonian Version of the Gilgamesh Epic Lines 158–159, therefore, in concluding the address to Enkidu, emphasize in a picturesque way that what has been set forth is man’s fate for which he has been destined from birth. An Old Babylonian Version of the Gilgamesh Epic Line 183 can be restored with considerable probability on the basis of the Assyrian version, Tablet I, 3, 3 and 30, where Enkidu is described as one “whose power is strong in the land.” An Old Babylonian Version of the Gilgamesh Epic The face in both cases is broad, with curls protruding at the side of the head, though at times these curls are lacking in the case of Enkidu. An Old Babylonian Version of the Gilgamesh Epic The lance is depicted on seal cylinders representing Gilgamesh and Enkidu, for example, Ward, Seal Cylinders, No. 199, and also in Nos. An Old Babylonian Version of the Gilgamesh Epic The two figures are Gilgamesh and Enkidu—not two Gilgameshes, as Ward assumed. An Old Babylonian Version of the Gilgamesh Epic The episode of Gišh and Enkidu proceeding to Ninsun, the mother of Gish, to obtain her counsel, which follows in King’s fragment, appears to have been omitted in the old Babylonian version. An Old Babylonian Version of the Gilgamesh Epic The invitation would be parallel to the temptation offered by the ḫarimtu in the first tablet of the Enkidu, and to which Enkidu succumbs. An Old Babylonian Version of the Gilgamesh Epic What is particularly striking is to find Gilgamesh generally a little taller than Enkidu, thus bearing out the statement in the Pennsylvania tablet that Enkidu is “shorter in stature.” An Old Babylonian Version of the Gilgamesh Epic The line, therefore, in the Pennsylvania tablet must describe Enkidu’s anger. An Old Babylonian Version of the Gilgamesh Epic The restoration “like a god” is favored by line 51, where Enkidu is likened to a god, and is further confirmed by l. An Old Babylonian Version of the Gilgamesh Epic Lines 140–141 are to be taken as an expression of amazement at Enkidu’s appearance. An Old Babylonian Version of the Gilgamesh Epic The long speech, detailing the function and destiny of civilized man, is placed in the mouth of the man who meets Enkidu. An Old Babylonian Version of the Gilgamesh Epic The description of Enkidu in the Pennsylvania tablet as a parallel figure to Gilgamesh leads us to a consideration of the relationship of the two figures to one another. An Old Babylonian Version of the Gilgamesh Epic Lines 180–182 must have contained the description of Enkidu’s resemblance to Gish, but the lines are too mutilated to permit of any certain restoration. An Old Babylonian Version of the Gilgamesh Epic The episode leads to the hostile encounter between Gish and Enkidu. An Old Babylonian Version of the Gilgamesh Epic He encounters Enkidu in the street, and the latter blocks Gish’s path, puts his foot in the gate leading to the house where the goddess is, and thus prevents Gish from entering. An Old Babylonian Version of the Gilgamesh Epic We must therefore supply Enkidu in the preceding line. An Old Babylonian Version of the Gilgamesh Epic This is shown in the first place by the fact that in the encounter it is Enkidu who triumphs over Gilgamesh. An Old Babylonian Version of the Gilgamesh Epic Tablet IV, 4, 6, of the Assyrian version also contains a reference to the flowing hair of Enkidu. An Old Babylonian Version of the Gilgamesh Epic The incident in the tablet would, therefore, form a parallel in the adventures of Gilgamesh to the one that originally belonged to the Enkidu cycle. An Old Babylonian Version of the Gilgamesh Epic |
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