单词 | engram |
例句 | They are like engrams, built into our genes. The Lives of a Cell 1974-01-01T00:00:00Z We call a brain change that occurs during learning and that is required for memory an engram. Forgotten Memories May Remain Intact in the Brain 2023-09-15T04:00:00Z This approach, in an impressive achievement, is now allowing researchers to observe and manipulate specific neurons that encode a specific memory known as an engram, as noted in a 2020 paper in Science. Five Types of Research, Underexplored until Recently, Could Produce Alzheimer’s Treatments 2020-04-22T04:00:00Z Neuroscientists often refer to this physical representation of a memory as an engram. The forgotten part of memory 2019-07-23T04:00:00Z As Helen Shen describes in “Portrait of a Memory,” scientists are refining their techniques to decode discrete memories with increasing precision, producing “engrams,” images of brain activity. Total Recall 2018-04-12T04:00:00Z But perhaps none are quite as important as the planned alterations to the game’s loot box system, called Eververse, which lets players pay money for slot machine-style “engrams” that randomly contain coveted cosmetic items. Bungie announces plans to remedy Destiny 2’s loot box system 2018-01-11T05:00:00Z In the past 10 years, the ability to label and manipulate specific engrams in the rodent brain has really transformed the memory field—and, by extension, the forgetting field. Forgotten Memories May Remain Intact in the Brain 2023-09-15T04:00:00Z Neuroscientists made another advance this year when they discovered that microglia seem to be involved in making the brain forget these engrams by eliminating the synapses that normally connect neurons. Five Types of Research, Underexplored until Recently, Could Produce Alzheimer’s Treatments 2020-04-22T04:00:00Z In this episode, an M&M-sized device placed on a person’s temple allows memories — or “engrams” — to be displayed on a nearby screen. Black Mirror’s Crocodile lacks a real perspective on surveillance 2018-01-09T05:00:00Z He now sells legendary engrams for Legendary Marks, allowing players a guaranteed legendary item and a chance at an exotic item. Here are nine big changes coming to Destiny: The Taken King 2015-08-19T04:00:00Z More recently, the researchers used variations of the engram method to create false memories in mice4, trigger lost memories5 and even retrain engram cells to encode a positive memory instead of a negative one6. Activating happy memories cheers moody mice 2015-06-16T04:00:00Z Identifying where an engram is located is like looking for a needle in a very, very large haystack. Forgotten Memories May Remain Intact in the Brain 2023-09-15T04:00:00Z One change that was thought to occur in engrams during the formation of memory was the strengthening of their synapses – structures that allow the neurons to send signals to each other. Amnesia researchers use light to restore 'lost' memories in mice 2015-05-29T04:00:00Z So the scientists went back to the engram cells. For the first time, scientists have suppressed and restored a memory in an animal 2015-05-28T04:00:00Z With the ability to open the chest every time, rewards for the matchmade 28 mode should be maybe a rare engram and a few materials most of the time. Destiny's 'Prison of Elders' Has A Serious Loot Problem 2015-05-28T04:00:00Z When the team reactivated the positive engram neurons, these symptoms were reversed within minutes. Activating happy memories cheers moody mice 2015-06-16T04:00:00Z To find an engram, we use genetic techniques to hijack what are called immediate early genes, which express themselves only when a particular neuron is active. Forgotten Memories May Remain Intact in the Brain 2023-09-15T04:00:00Z “The strengthening of engram synapses is crucial for the brain’s ability to access or retrieve those specific memories,” Ryan said. Amnesia researchers use light to restore 'lost' memories in mice 2015-05-29T04:00:00Z They are essentially doubling all existing rewards including reputation, marks and the amount of engrams that drop at the end of matches, hopefully bringing The Crucible up to the standards of Strike rewards. Hands-On With Destiny's 'House of Wolves' PvP And The Trials Of Osiris 2015-04-29T04:00:00Z As the long “memory traces” of mankind—Warburg referred to these as “engrams”—reach us through recurring images, we can be overwhelmed by them or we can organize them. The World’s Weirdest Library 2015-03-09T04:00:00Z It solved the game’s since-launch problem of the smarmy Cryptarch, a vendor who would “decrypt” your random item engrams, and often reveal gear or weapons of a worse quality than you expected. What 'Destiny' Needs To Learn From 'Diablo 3' About Loot 2014-10-02T04:00:00Z Not only were the engrams there, but they were also healthy and functional. Forgotten Memories May Remain Intact in the Brain 2023-09-15T04:00:00Z All of these changes, and especially the changes to purple engrams, are steering the game on the right track. 'Destiny' Patch 1.0.2 Tweaks Legendary Loot Drops 2014-10-01T04:00:00Z And now we have the technology to locate and activate engrams at our bidding. Mnemodystopia: A Little Context 2013-08-26T16:45:03.317Z For Gombrich, the continuities of art were not the result of engrams stuck in the mind. The World’s Weirdest Library 2015-03-09T04:00:00Z Ideally, each boss would drop at least one engram of variant rarity in addition to the end of Strike rewards. What 'Destiny' Needs To Learn From 'Diablo 3' About Loot 2014-10-02T04:00:00Z In addition to tagging engram cells, we labeled cells with optogenetic receptors, which are ion channels that are activated by light. Forgotten Memories May Remain Intact in the Brain 2023-09-15T04:00:00Z This experiment proves that activating on the order of 10,000 interlaced neurons in one very specific region of the brain is sufficient for a specific memory, its engram. Activating False Fear Highlights a Memory's Neural Trace 2012-07-18T12:15:00.200Z At the time of such phenomena every mnemic irritation of the engrams vibrates simultaneously with the state of synchronous irritation produced by a new irritation. The Sexual Question A Scientific, psychological, hygienic and sociological study An interesting theory maintains that the external impressions made upon an organism which reacts to them and receives them, might be called engrams or “inscriptions.” Sex Avoided subjects Discussed in Plain English The mnemic theory then, if it is to be worth anything, seems to me clearly to require not merely physical records or 'engrams,' but living experience or tradition. Form and Function A Contribution to the History of Animal Morphology This combination allowed us to turn specific memory engrams on and off. Forgotten Memories May Remain Intact in the Brain 2023-09-15T04:00:00Z "Mnemic phenomena" are defined as those due to engrams; in animals, they are specially associated with the nervous system, but not exclusively, even in man. The Analysis of Mind To the modification itself he gives the word engram. The Sexual Question A Scientific, psychological, hygienic and sociological study The sum total of all these engrams, in a living human being, according to the theory advanced, is given the name of mnema. Sex Avoided subjects Discussed in Plain English In the recent study done in my lab in Dublin, we looked at natural forgetting using engram manipulation for the first time. Forgotten Memories May Remain Intact in the Brain 2023-09-15T04:00:00Z When we did that, we found we could get mice to recall forgotten memories just by stimulating these engram cells. Forgotten Memories May Remain Intact in the Brain 2023-09-15T04:00:00Z Semon's "engram" is formed by all that we experience at one time. The Analysis of Mind Simultaneous engrams are associated in every direction with the same intensity. The Sexual Question A Scientific, psychological, hygienic and sociological study Hence every memory picture is one of engrams, whether the impression is a conscious one or an unconscious one. Sex Avoided subjects Discussed in Plain English In addition, we found that a short reminder training session, for example, could help animals reaccess those same engram cells. Forgotten Memories May Remain Intact in the Brain 2023-09-15T04:00:00Z We also found that if we optogenetically blocked the engram cells at the same time that we put mice in situations that would interfere with memory formation, the mice did not forget. Forgotten Memories May Remain Intact in the Brain 2023-09-15T04:00:00Z We define the "engraphic effect" of a stimulus as the effect in making a difference between the primary and secondary indifference-states, and this difference itself we define as the "engram" due to the stimulus. The Analysis of Mind In the successions of engrams it often happens that two or more analogous engrams are associated in a manner more or less equivalent to a preceding engram. The Sexual Question A Scientific, psychological, hygienic and sociological study Now the entire embryonal development of the human child is in reality no more than a continuous process of ecphoration of old engrams, one after another. Sex Avoided subjects Discussed in Plain English If you retrain those mice on the same behavior, they can learn it, but they make a new engram for it. Forgotten Memories May Remain Intact in the Brain 2023-09-15T04:00:00Z In other words, you need activity in engram cells for forgetting to occur. Forgotten Memories May Remain Intact in the Brain 2023-09-15T04:00:00Z All simultaneously generated engrams are associated; there is also association of successively aroused engrams, though this is reducible to simultaneous association. The Analysis of Mind Similarly, the engram of the ecphoriated dichotomy is most often that which has been previously most often repeated. The Sexual Question A Scientific, psychological, hygienic and sociological study As a result, engrams are surviving but not being expressed in the right way. Forgotten Memories May Remain Intact in the Brain 2023-09-15T04:00:00Z In other words, instead of the disease causing memory loss because it has somehow degraded the engrams, it may be triggering a very natural process of forgetting but for maladaptive reasons. Forgotten Memories May Remain Intact in the Brain 2023-09-15T04:00:00Z The animal’s brain creates a competing engram, and then the brain must decide which engram to express in a given environment and moment. Forgotten Memories May Remain Intact in the Brain 2023-09-15T04:00:00Z Semon holds that engrams can be inherited, and that an animal's innate habits may be due to the experience of its ancestors; on this subject he refers to Samuel Butler. The Analysis of Mind The theory of the mneme throws light on this subject, by introducing a new factor in the question, that of ecphoria of the cerebral engrams of the ancestors, accumulated in the hereditary mneme. The Sexual Question A Scientific, psychological, hygienic and sociological study If so, some of that memory loss may even be reversible because the engrams are intact. Forgotten Memories May Remain Intact in the Brain 2023-09-15T04:00:00Z In its brain are produced two associated series of corresponding engrams. The Sexual Question A Scientific, psychological, hygienic and sociological study When I was a postdoc at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, my colleagues and I did one of the first studies that integrated optogenetics and engram labeling. Forgotten Memories May Remain Intact in the Brain 2023-09-15T04:00:00Z I am inclined to think that, in the present state of physiology, the introduction of the engram does not serve to simplify the account of mnemic phenomena. The Analysis of Mind As we have indicated in our comparison, every suggestion which has succeeded leaves a strong trace, or engram, in the brain. The Sexual Question A Scientific, psychological, hygienic and sociological study Thus the tactile engram will be ecphoriated by the repetition of the original associated irritation. The Sexual Question A Scientific, psychological, hygienic and sociological study Successive engrams, on the contrary, are associated more strongly forwards than backwards, and have only two poles. The Sexual Question A Scientific, psychological, hygienic and sociological study There, too, we found we could optogenetically stimulate the engrams for forgotten memories—and the memories were recalled. Forgotten Memories May Remain Intact in the Brain 2023-09-15T04:00:00Z They are explained without it by Semon's "engram," or by any theory which regards the results of experience as embodied in modifications of the brain and nerves. The Analysis of Mind The sum of the hereditary and individual engrams thus produced in a living organism is designated by the term mneme. The Sexual Question A Scientific, psychological, hygienic and sociological study Homophony.—The terms engram and ecphoria correspond to the well-known introspective phenomena in psychology of memory and the association of ideas. The Sexual Question A Scientific, psychological, hygienic and sociological study Moreover, an engram may be revived by the enfeebled return of the primary irritating agent which produced it, or by an analogous enfeebled irritation. The Sexual Question A Scientific, psychological, hygienic and sociological study In every case, the engram survives—but the memory can only be retrieved with optogenetic activation. Forgotten Memories May Remain Intact in the Brain 2023-09-15T04:00:00Z For my part, however, I have no such desire, and I shall therefore endeavour to state the grounds which occur to me in favour of some such view as that of the "engram." The Analysis of Mind |
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